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Algermissen J, den Ouden HEM. Pupil dilation reflects effortful action invigoration in overcoming aversive Pavlovian biases. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:720-739. [PMID: 38773022 PMCID: PMC11233311 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01191-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
"Pavlovian" or "motivational" biases describe the phenomenon that the valence of prospective outcomes modulates action invigoration: Reward prospect invigorates action, whereas punishment prospect suppresses it. The adaptive role of these biases in decision-making is still unclear. One idea is that they constitute a fast-and-frugal decision strategy in situations characterized by high arousal, e.g., in presence of a predator, which demand a quick response. In this pre-registered study (N = 35), we tested whether such a situation-induced via subliminally presented angry versus neutral faces-leads to increased reliance on Pavlovian biases. We measured trial-by-trial arousal by tracking pupil diameter while participants performed an orthogonalized Motivational Go/NoGo Task. Pavlovian biases were present in responses, reaction times, and even gaze, with lower gaze dispersion under aversive cues reflecting "freezing of gaze." The subliminally presented faces did not affect responses, reaction times, or pupil diameter, suggesting that the arousal manipulation was ineffective. However, pupil dilations reflected facets of bias suppression, specifically the physical (but not cognitive) effort needed to overcome aversive inhibition: Particularly strong and sustained dilations occurred when participants managed to perform Go responses to aversive cues. Conversely, no such dilations occurred when they managed to inhibit responses to Win cues. These results suggest that pupil diameter does not reflect response conflict per se nor the inhibition of prepotent responses, but specifically effortful action invigoration as needed to overcome aversive inhibition. We discuss our results in the context of the "value of work" theory of striatal dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Algermissen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University, Cognition, and Behaviour, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6526 GD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Hanneke E M den Ouden
- Donders Institute for Brain, Radboud University, Cognition, and Behaviour, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6526 GD, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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2
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Sekeres MJ, Schomaker J, Nadel L, Tse D. To update or to create? The influence of novelty and prior knowledge on memory networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20230238. [PMID: 38853571 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2023.0238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Schemas are foundational mental structures shaped by experience. They influence behaviour, guide the encoding of new memories and are shaped by associated information. The adaptability of memory schemas facilitates the integration of new information that aligns with existing knowledge structures. First, we discuss how novel information consistent with an existing schema can be swiftly assimilated when presented. This cognitive updating is facilitated by the interaction between the hippocampus and the prefrontal cortex. Second, when novel information is inconsistent with the schema, it likely engages the hippocampus to encode the information as part of an episodic memory trace. Third, novelty may enhance hippocampal dopamine through either the locus coeruleus or ventral tegmental area pathways, with the pathway involved potentially depending on the type of novelty encountered. We propose a gradient theory of schema and novelty to elucidate the neural processes by which schema updating or novel memory traces are formed. It is likely that experiences vary along a familiarity-novelty continuum, and the degree to which new experiences are increasingly novel will guide whether memory for a new experience either integrates into an existing schema or prompts the creation of a new cognitive framework. This article is part of the theme issue 'Long-term potentiation: 50 years on'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie J Sekeres
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Judith Schomaker
- Health, Medical & Neuropsychology, Leiden University , Leiden 2333 AK, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition , Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lynn Nadel
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona , Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Dorothy Tse
- Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University , Ormskirk L39 4QP, UK
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3
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Wang R, Wang X, Platt ML, Sheng F. Decomposing loss aversion from a single neural signal. iScience 2024; 27:110153. [PMID: 39006480 PMCID: PMC11245989 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
People often display stronger aversion to losses than appetite for equivalent gains, a widespread phenomenon known as loss aversion. The prevailing theory attributes loss aversion to a valuation bias that amplifies losses relative to gains. An alternative account attributes loss aversion to a response bias that avoids choices that might result in loss. By modeling the temporal dynamics of scalp electrical activity during decisions to accept or reject gambles within a sequential sampling framework, we decomposed valuation bias and response bias from a single event-related neural signal, the P3. Specifically, we found valuation bias manifested as larger sensitivity of P3 to losses than gains, which was localizable to reward-related brain regions. By contrast, response bias manifested as larger P3 preceding gamble acceptance than rejection and was localizable to motor cortex. Our study reveals the dissociable neural biomarkers of response bias and valuation bias underpinning loss-averse decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Michael L Platt
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Marketing Department, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Feng Sheng
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- State Key Lab of Brain-Machine Intelligence, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Science & Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Neuromanagement Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Wharton Neuroscience Initiative, the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Li T, Liang Z, Yuan Y, Sommer W, Li W. The impact of facial attractiveness and alleged personality traits on fairness decisions in the ultimatum game: Evidence from ERPs. Biol Psychol 2024; 190:108809. [PMID: 38718883 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
In the mind of the beholder the personality and facial attractiveness of others are interrelated. However, how these specific properties are processed in the neurocognitive system and interact with each other while economic decisions are made is not well understood. Here, we combined the ultimatum game with EEG technology, to investigate how alleged personality traits and the perceived facial attractiveness of proposers of fair and unfair offers influence their acceptance by the responders. As expected, acceptance rate was higher for fair than unfair allocations. Overall, responders were more likely to accept proposals from individuals with higher facial attractiveness and with more positive personality traits. In ERPs, words denoting negative personality traits elicited larger P2 components than positive trait words, and more attractive faces elicited larger LPC amplitudes. Replicating previous findings, FRN amplitudes were larger to unfair than to fair allocations. This effect was diminished if the proposer's faces were attractive or associated with positive personality traits. Hence, facial attractiveness and the valence of personality traits seem to be evaluated independently and at different time points. Subsequent decision making about unfair offers is similarly influenced by high attractiveness and positive personality of the proposer, diminishing the negative response normally elicited by "unfair" proposals, possibly due a "reward" effect. In the ERPs to the proposals the effect of positive personality and attractiveness were seen in the FRN and P300 components but for positive personality traits the effect even preceded the FRN effect. Altogether, the present results indicate that both high facial attractiveness and alleged positive personality mitigate the effects of unfair proposals, with temporally overlapping but independent neurocognitive correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongjie Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Liang
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Werner Sommer
- Institut für Psychologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Physics and Life Science Imaging Center, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrativr Region of China; Faculty of Education, National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Weijun Li
- Research Center of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Liaoning Province, China.
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Bi R, Zhao Y, Li S, Xu F, Peng W, Tan S, Zhang D. Brain stimulation over the left DLPFC enhances motivation for effortful rewards in patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:414-423. [PMID: 38640975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amotivation is a typical feature in major depressive disorder (MDD), which produces reduced willingness to exert effort. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) is a crucial structure in goal-directed actions and therefore is a potential target in modulating effortful motivation. However, it remains unclear whether the intervention is effective for patients with MDD. METHODS We employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), computational modelling and event-related potentials (ERPs) to reveal the causal relationship between the left DLPFC and motivation for effortful rewards in MDD. Fifty patients underwent both active and sham TMS sessions, each followed by performing an Effort-Expenditure for Rewards Task, during which participants chose and implemented between low-effort/low-reward and high-effort/high-reward options. RESULTS The patients showed increased willingness to exert effort for rewards during the DLPFC facilitated session, compared with the sham session. They also had a trend in larger P3 amplitude for motivated attention toward chosen options, larger CNV during preparing for effort exertion, and larger SPN during anticipating a high reward. Besides, while behavior indexes for effortful choices were negatively related to depression severity in the sham session, this correlation was weakened in the active stimulation session. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide behavioral, computational, and neural evidence for the left DLPFC on effortful motivation for rewards. Facilitated DLPFC improves motor preparation and value anticipation after making decisions especially for highly effortful rewards in MDD. Facilitated DLPFC also has a potential function in enhancing motivated attention during cost-benefit trade-off. This neuromodulation effect provides a potential treatment for improving motivation in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Bi
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Weiwei Peng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Shuping Tan
- Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing 100096, China.
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Xu Q, Wang J, Li P. Willingness valued more than ability in partner choice: Insights into behavioral and ERP data. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14558. [PMID: 38459648 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In human cooperation, people prefer to choose partners with high willingness and ability-while both are valued by partners, individuals often prioritize willingness. Two event-related potential (ERP) experiments were conducted to discern the neural processes underpinning this preference. In the first experiment, participants made a choice between two potential partners and received feedback on the selected partner's willingness to cooperate. This was followed by feedback on the partner's task performance (ability) or a gambling outcome. In contrast, the second experiment first provided feedback on ability, then presented feedback on willingness or a gambling outcome. This study revealed that a potential partner's willingness trait significantly influences individuals' emotional evaluations and monetary allocations than the ability trait. Electrophysiological data indicated that low-willingness feedback elicited a diminished feedback-related negative (FRN) and an amplified P3 compared to high-willingness feedback. In contrast, no such difference was discernible between high- and low-ability feedback. Moreover, the P3 difference from high versus low willingness was considerably more pronounced than that from gambling outcomes, whereas the difference wave between high and low ability paralleled gambling outcomes. These findings bolster the novel finding that partner willingness may provide more substantial social rewards than ability. Furthermore, this study provides the first ERP evidence of willingness and ability trait perceptions in partner choice decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Xu
- Brain Function and Psychological Science Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Management, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Li
- Brain Function and Psychological Science Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Chung YS, van den Berg B, Roberts KC, Woldorff MG, Gaffrey MS. Electrical brain activations in preadolescents during a probabilistic reward-learning task reflect cognitive processes and behavioral strategy. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.16.562326. [PMID: 37905129 PMCID: PMC10614771 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.16.562326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Both adults and children learn through feedback which environmental events and choices are associated with higher probability of reward, an ability thought to be supported by the development of fronto-striatal reward circuits. Recent developmental studies have applied computational models of reward learning to investigate such learning in children. However, tasks and measures effective for assaying the cascade of reward-learning neural processes in children have been limited. Using a child-version of a probabilistic reward-learning task while recording event-related-potential (ERP) measures of electrical brain activity, this study examined key processes of reward learning in preadolescents (8-12 years old; n=30), namely: (1) reward-feedback sensitivity, as measured by the early-latency, reward-related, frontal ERP positivity, (2) rapid attentional shifting of processing toward favored visual stimuli, as measured by the N2pc component, and (3) longer-latency attention-related responses to reward feedback as a function of behavioral strategies (i.e., Win-Stay-Lose-Shift), as measured by the central-parietal P300. Consistent with our prior work in adults, the behavioral findings indicate preadolescents can learn stimulus-reward outcome associations, but at varying levels of performance. Neurally, poor preadolescent learners (those with slower learning rates) showed greater reward-related positivity amplitudes relative to good learners, suggesting greater reward-feedback sensitivity. We also found attention shifting towards to-be-chosen stimuli, as evidenced by the N2pc, but not to more highly rewarded stimuli as we have observed in adults. Lastly, we found the behavioral learning strategy (i.e., Win-Stay-Lose-Shift) reflected by the feedback-elicited parietal P300. These findings provide novel insights into the key neural processes underlying reinforcement learning in preadolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Chung
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Reuben-Cooke Building, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Kenneth C. Roberts
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708 USA
| | - Marty G. Woldorff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Reuben-Cooke Building, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708 USA
| | - Michael S. Gaffrey
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Reuben-Cooke Building, 417 Chapel Drive, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Children’s Wisconsin, 9000 W. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI, 53226
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Division of Pediatric Psychology and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226
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8
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Chung WY, Darriba Á, Yeung N, Waszak F. Give it a second try? The influence of feedback and performance in the decision of reattempting. Cognition 2024; 248:105803. [PMID: 38703619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Feedback evaluation can affect behavioural continuation or discontinuation, and is essential for cognitive and motor skill learning. One critical factor that influences feedback evaluation is participants' internal estimation of self-performance. Previous research has shown that two event-related potential components, the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and the P3, are related to feedback evaluation. In the present study, we used a time estimation task and EEG recordings to test the influence of feedback and performance on participants' decisions, and the sensitivity of the FRN and P3 components to those factors. In the experiment, participants were asked to reproduce the total duration of an intermittently presented visual stimulus. Feedback was given after every response, and participants had then to decide whether to retry the same trial and try to earn reward points, or to move on to the next trial. Results showed that both performance and feedback influenced participants' decision on whether to retry the ongoing trial. In line with previous studies, the FRN showed larger amplitude in response to negative than to positive feedback. Moreover, our results were also in agreement with previous works showing the relationship between the amplitude of the FRN and the size of feedback-related prediction error (PE), and provide further insight in how PE size influences participants' decisions on whether or not to retry a task. Specifically, we found that the larger the FRN, the more likely participants were to base their decision on their performance - choosing to retry the current trial after good performance or to move on to the next trial after poor performance, regardless of the feedback received. Conversely, the smaller the FRN, the more likely participants were to base their decision on the feedback received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Ying Chung
- Université Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France.
| | - Álvaro Darriba
- Université Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Nick Yeung
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
| | - Florian Waszak
- Université Paris Cité, INCC UMR 8002, CNRS, F-75006 Paris, France
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Zhang Y, Zhang M, Wang L, Zheng Y, Li H, Xie Y, Lv X, Yu X, Wang H. Attenuated neural activity in processing decision-making feedback in uncertain conditions in patients with mild cognitive impairment. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-024-01793-0. [PMID: 38916765 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-024-01793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the potential neural correlates during feedback evaluation during decision-making under risk and ambiguity in MCI. Nineteen individuals with MCI and twenty age-matched HCs were enrolled. Decision-making performance under risk and ambiguity was examined with the modified game of dice task (GDT) and an Iowa gambling task (IGT). Using task-related EEG data, reward positivity (RewP) and feedback P3 (fb-P3) were used to characterize participants' motivation and allocation of cognitive resources. Also, response time and event-related oscillation (ERO) were used to evaluate information processing speed, and the potent of post-feedback information integration and behavioral modulation. MCI patients had lower RewP (p = 0.022) and fb-P3 (p = 0.045) amplitudes in the GDT than HCs. Moreover, the amount and valence of feedback modulated the RewP (p = 0.008; p = 0.017) and fb-P3 (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). In the IGT, in addition to the significantly reduced fb-P3 observed in MCI patients (p = 0.010), the amount and valence of feedback modulated the RewP (p = 0.002; p = 0.020). Furthermore, MCI patients took longer to make decisions (t = 2.15, p = 0.041). The ERO analysis revealed that delta power was reduced in MCI (GDT: p = 0.045; p = 0.011). The findings suggest that, during feedback evaluation when making risky and ambiguous decisions, motivation, allocation of cognitive resources, information processing and neuronal excitability were attenuated in MCI. It implies that neural activity related to decision making was compromised in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Mang Zhang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Luchun Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yaonan Zheng
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Huizi Li
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhan Xie
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaozhen Lv
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Huali Wang
- Dementia Care and Research Center, Peking University Institute of Mental Health (Sixth Hospital), Beijing Dementia Key Lab, No. 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory for Mental Health, National Health Commission, Beijing, China.
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10
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Hu X, Meng Z, He Q. Choice overload interferes with early processing and necessitates late compensation: Evidence from electroencephalogram. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:2995-3008. [PMID: 38575329 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Having a multitude of choices can be advantageous, yet an abundance of options can be detrimental to the decision-making process. Based on existing research, the present study combined electroencephalogram and self-reported methodologies to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of choice overload. Behavioural data suggested that an increase in the number of options led to negative evaluations and avoidance of choice tendencies, even in the absence of time pressure. Event-related potential results indicated that the large choice set interfered with the early visual process, as evidenced by the small P1 amplitude, and failed to attract more attentional resources in the early stage, as evidenced by the small amplitude of P2 and N2. However, the LPC amplitude was increased in the late stage, suggesting greater investment of attentional resources and higher emotional arousal. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed that the difference between small and large choice set began at around 120 ms, and the early and late stages were characterised by opposite activation patterns. This suggested that too many options interfered with early processing and necessitate continued processing at a later stage. In summary, both behavioural and event-related potential (ERP) results confirm the choice overload effect, and it was observed that individuals tend to subjectively exaggerate the choice overload effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Hu
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zong Meng
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua He
- Faculty of Psychology, MOE Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Southwest University Branch, Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment toward Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Menicucci D, Animali S, Malloggi E, Gemignani A, Bonanni E, Fornai F, Giorgi FS, Binda P. Correlated P300b and phasic pupil-dilation responses to motivationally significant stimuli. Psychophysiology 2024; 61:e14550. [PMID: 38433453 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Motivationally significant events like oddball stimuli elicit both a characteristic event-related potential (ERPs) known as P300 and a set of autonomic responses including a phasic pupil dilation. Although co-occurring, P300 and pupil-dilation responses to oddball events have been repeatedly found to be uncorrelated, suggesting separate origins. We re-examined their relationship in the context of a three-stimulus version of the auditory oddball task, independently manipulating the frequency (rare vs. repeated) and motivational significance (relevance for the participant's task) of the stimuli. We used independent component analysis to derive a P300b component from EEG traces and linear modeling to separate a stimulus-related pupil-dilation response from a potentially confounding action-related response. These steps revealed that, once the complexity of ERP and pupil-dilation responses to oddball targets is accounted for, the amplitude of phasic pupil dilations and P300b are tightly and positively correlated (across participants: r = .69 p = .002), supporting their coordinated generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Silvia Animali
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Eleonora Malloggi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enrica Bonanni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Sean Giorgi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Binda
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Sequeira SL, Silk JS, Jones NP, Forbes EE, Hanson JL, Hallion LS, Ladouceur CD. Pathways to adolescent social anxiety: Testing interactions between neural social reward function and perceived social threat in daily life. Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38801123 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579424001068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Recent theories suggest that for youth highly sensitive to incentives, perceiving more social threat may contribute to social anxiety (SA) symptoms. In 129 girls (ages 11-13) oversampled for shy/fearful temperament, we thus examined how interactions between neural responses to social reward (vs. neutral) cues (measured during anticipation of peer feedback) and perceived social threat in daily peer interactions (measured using ecological momentary assessment) predict SA symptoms two years later. No significant interactions emerged when neural reward function was modeled as a latent factor. Secondary analyses showed that higher perceived social threat was associated with more severe SA symptoms two years later only for girls with higher basolateral amygdala (BLA) activation to social reward cues at baseline. Interaction effects were specific to BLA activation to social reward (not threat) cues, though a main effect of BLA activation to social threat (vs. neutral) cues on SA emerged. Unexpectedly, interactions between social threat and BLA activation to social reward cues also predicted generalized anxiety and depression symptoms two years later, suggesting possible transdiagnostic risk pathways. Perceiving high social threat may be particularly detrimental for youth highly sensitive to reward incentives, potentially due to mediating reward learning processes, though this remains to be tested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer S Silk
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Neil P Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Erika E Forbes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jamie L Hanson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lauren S Hallion
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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13
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Joyner KJ, Patrick CJ, Morris DH, McCarthy DM, Bartholow BD. Variants of the P3 event-related potential operate as indicators of distinct mechanisms contributing to problematic alcohol use. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024:10.1038/s41386-024-01874-7. [PMID: 38734817 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Considerable research has linked relative reduction in the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) during cognitive task performance (i.e., Target-P3) with increased risk of alcohol-related problems. A separate literature indicates that a relative increase in the amplitude of the P3 elicited by cues signaling alcohol availability (i.e., ACR-P3) also is associated with alcohol use and problems. To date, no research has integrated these seemingly discrepant findings. Here, we aimed to demonstrate that P3 amplitudes elicited in different task contexts reflect distinct domains of functioning relevant to problematic alcohol involvement (PAI), and therefore can inform heterogeneity in the etiology of PAI. 156 emerging adults (61% women; 88% White/Non-Hispanic) completed a mental rotation task and a picture-viewing task while ERPs were recorded. Participants also completed questionnaire measures of trait disinhibition, alcohol use, and alcohol-related problems. Findings from regression analyses indicated that (a) Target-P3 was negatively associated and ACR-P3 was positively associated with a PAI latent variable; (b) the two P3s accounted for unique variance in PAI, beyond that accounted for by recent drinking; and (c) the association between Target-P3 and PAI-but not ACR-P3 and PAI-was statistically mediated by trait disinhibition. The present findings highlight the unique contributions of distinct functional domains associated with disinhibition and incentive salience in the etiology of PAI. Moreover, findings are consistent with a nuanced understanding of the P3 ERP, whereby its specific meaning varies according to the task context in which it is elicited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keanan J Joyner
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - David H Morris
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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14
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van Ede F, Nobre AC. A Neural Decision Signal during Internal Sampling from Working Memory in Humans. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1475232024. [PMID: 38538144 PMCID: PMC11079964 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1475-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
How humans transform sensory information into decisions that steer purposeful behavior is a central question in psychology and neuroscience that is traditionally investigated during the sampling of external environmental signals. The decision-making framework of gradual information sampling toward a decision has also been proposed to apply when sampling internal sensory evidence from working memory. However, neural evidence for this proposal remains scarce. Here we show (using scalp EEG in male and female human volunteers) that sampling internal visual representations from working memory elicits a scalp EEG potential associated with gradual evidence accumulation-the central parietal positivity. Consistent with an evolving decision process, we show how this signal (1) scales with the time participants require to reach a decision about the cued memory content and (2) is amplified when having to decide among multiple contents in working memory. These results bring the electrophysiology of decision-making into the domain of working memory and suggest that variability in memory-guided behavior may be driven (at least in part) by variations in the sampling of our inner mental contents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freek van Ede
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Anna C Nobre
- Oxford Centre for Human Brain Activity, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
- Wu Tsai Institute and Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06510
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15
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Wen H, Wu M, Wang Z, Gao B, Zheng Y. Aberrant effort-based reward dynamics in anhedonia. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae193. [PMID: 38741268 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anhedonia is a transdiagnostic symptom and associated with a spectrum of reward deficits among which the motivational dysfunction is poorly understood. Previous studies have established the abnormal cost-benefit trade-off as a contributor to motivational deficits in anhedonia and its relevant psychiatric diseases. However, it remains elusive how the anhedonic neural dynamics underlying reward processing are modulated by effort expenditure. Using an effort-based monetary incentive delay task, the current event-related potential study examined the neural dynamics underlying the effort-reward interplay in anhedonia using a nonclinical sample who scored high or low on an anhedonia questionnaire. We found that effort prospectively decreased reward effect on the contingent variation negativity and the target-P3 but retrospectively enhanced outcome effect on the feedback-P3 following effort expenditure. Compared to the low-anhedonia group, the high-anhedonia group displayed a diminished effort effect on the target-P3 during effort expenditure and an increased effort-enhancement effect for neutral trials during the feedback-P3 period following effort expenditure. Our findings suggest that anhedonia is associated with an inefficient control and motivation allocation along the efforted-based reward dynamics from effort preparation to effort production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Wen
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Menglin Wu
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Weber C, Bellebaum C. Prediction-error-dependent processing of immediate and delayed positive feedback. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9674. [PMID: 38678065 PMCID: PMC11055855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning often involves trial-and-error, i.e. repeating behaviours that lead to desired outcomes, and adjusting behaviour when outcomes do not meet our expectations and thus lead to prediction errors (PEs). PEs have been shown to be reflected in the reward positivity (RewP), an event-related potential (ERP) component between 200 and 350 ms after performance feedback which is linked to striatal processing and assessed via electroencephalography (EEG). Here we show that this is also true for delayed feedback processing, for which a critical role of the hippocampus has been suggested. We found a general reduction of the RewP for delayed feedback, but the PE was similarly reflected in the RewP and the later P300 for immediate and delayed positive feedback, while no effect was found for negative feedback. Our results suggest that, despite processing differences between immediate and delayed feedback, positive PEs drive feedback processing and learning irrespective of delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanze Weber
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Department of Biological Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40255, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Christian Bellebaum
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Department of Biological Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätstraße 1, 40255, Düsseldorf, Germany
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17
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Wagner-Altendorf TA, Rein M, Skeries VM, Cirkel A, Münte TF, Heldmann M. Tracking the habituation of the event-related EEG potential in automatic change detection using an auditory two-tone oddball paradigm. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae157. [PMID: 38615240 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The mismatch negativity and the P3a of the event-related EEG potential reflect the electrocortical response to a deviant stimulus in a series of stimuli. Although both components have been investigated in various paradigms, these paradigms usually incorporate many repetitions of the same deviant, thus leaving open whether both components vary as a function of the deviant's position in a series of deviant stimuli-i.e. whether they are subject to qualitative/quantitative habituation from one instantiation of a deviant to the next. This is so because the detection of mismatch negativity/P3a in the event-related EEG potential requires an averaging over dozens or hundreds of stimuli, i.e. over many instantiations of the deviant per participant. The present study addresses this research gap. We used a two-tone oddball paradigm implementing only a small number of (deviant) stimuli per participant, but applying it to a large number of participants (n > 230). Our data show that the mismatch negativity amplitude exhibits no decrease as a function of the deviant's position in a series of (standard and) deviant stimuli. Importantly, only after the very first deviant stimulus, a distinct P3a could be detected, indicative of an orienting reaction and an attention shift, and thus documenting a dissociation of mismatch negativity and P3a.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marlitt Rein
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Valentina M Skeries
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anna Cirkel
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thomas F Münte
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcus Heldmann
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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18
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Tao R, Zhao H, Zhang C, Xu S. Distinct neural dynamics of the observed ostracism effect in decision-making under risk and ambiguity. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae171. [PMID: 38679478 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational ostracism, as a form of social exclusion, can significantly affect human behavior. However, the effects of observed ostracism on risky and ambiguous decision-making and the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. This event-related potential study investigated these issues by involving participants in a wheel-of- fortune task, considering observed ostracism and inclusion contexts. The results showed that the cue-P3 component was more enhanced during the choice phase for risky decisions than for ambiguous decisions in the observed inclusion contexts but not in the observed ostracism contexts. During the outcome evaluation phase, feedback-related negativity amplitudes following both risky and ambiguous decisions were higher in the no-gain condition than in the gain condition in the observed inclusion context. In contrast, this effect was only observed following risky decisions in the observed ostracism context. The feedback-P3 component did not exhibit an observed ostracism effect in risky and ambiguous decision-making tasks. Risk levels further modulated the cue-P3 and feedback-related negativity components, while ambiguity levels further modulated the feedback-P3 components. These findings demonstrate a neural dissociation between risk and ambiguity decision-making during observed ostracism that unfolds from the choice phase to the outcome evaluation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiwen Tao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 20083, China
- College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 20083, China
| | - Hanxuan Zhao
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 20083, China
- College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 20083, China
| | - Can Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Sihua Xu
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Research & Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain-Machine Intelligence for Information Behavior, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 20083, China
- College of International Business, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai 20083, China
- School of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Computing and Application on Cognitive Behavior, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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19
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Elmers J, Colzato LS, Ziemssen F, Ziemssen T, Beste C. Optical coherence tomography as a potential surrogate marker of dopaminergic modulation across the life span. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 96:102280. [PMID: 38518921 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The retina has been considered a "window to the brain" and shares similar innervation by the dopaminergic system with the cortex in terms of an unequal distribution of D1 and D2 receptors. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview that Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), a non-invasive imaging technique, which provides an "in vivo" representation of the retina, shows promise to be used as a surrogate marker of dopaminergic neuromodulation in cognition. Overall, most evidence supports reduced retinal thickness in individuals with dopaminergic dysregulation (e.g., patients with Parkinson's Disease, non-demented older adults) and with poor cognitive functioning. By using the theoretical framework of metacontrol, we derive hypotheses that retinal thinning associated to decreased dopamine (DA) levels affecting D1 families, might lead to a decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affecting cognitive persistence (depending on D1-modulated DA activity) but not cognitive flexibility (depending on D2-modulated DA activity). We argue that the use of OCT parameters might not only be an insightful for cognitive neuroscience research, but also a potentially effective tool for individualized medicine with a focus on cognition. As our society progressively ages in the forthcoming years and decades, the preservation of cognitive abilities and promoting healthy aging will hold of crucial significance. OCT has the potential to function as a swift, non-invasive, and economical method for promptly recognizing individuals with a heightened vulnerability to cognitive deterioration throughout all stages of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Elmers
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Lorenza S Colzato
- Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Focke Ziemssen
- Ophthalmological Clinic, University Clinic Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tjalf Ziemssen
- Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Beste
- Cognitive Neurophysiology, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Germany; Cognitive Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China.
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20
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Carrasco CD, Simmons AM, Kiat JE, Luck SJ. Enhanced Working Memory Representations for Rare Events. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.20.585952. [PMID: 38562686 PMCID: PMC10983956 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.20.585952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Rare events (oddballs) produce a variety of enhanced physiological responses relative to frequent events (standards), including the P3b component of the event-related potential (ERP) waveform. Previous research has suggested that the P3b component is related to working memory, which implies that working memory representations will be enhanced for rare stimuli. To test this hypothesis, we devised a modified oddball paradigm in which the target was a disk presented at one of 16 different locations, which were divided into a rare set and a frequent set. Participants made a binary response on each trial to report whether the target appeared in the rare set or the frequent set. As expected, the P3b was much larger for stimuli appearing at a location within the rare set. We also included occasional probe trials in which the subject reported the exact location of the target. We found that these reports were more accurate for locations within the rare set than for locations within the frequent set. Moreover, the mean accuracy of these reports was correlated with the mean amplitude of the P3b. We also applied multivariate pattern analysis to the ERP data to "decode" the remembered location of the target. Decoding accuracy was greater for locations within the rare set than for locations within the frequent set. These behavioral and electrophysiological results demonstrate that although both frequent and rare events are stored in working memory, the representations are enhanced for rare events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John E Kiat
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain, University of California, Davis
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21
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Raynal E, Schipper K, Brandner C, Ruggeri P, Barral J. Electrocortical correlates of attention differentiate individual capacity in associative learning. NPJ SCIENCE OF LEARNING 2024; 9:20. [PMID: 38499525 PMCID: PMC10948854 DOI: 10.1038/s41539-024-00236-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Associative learning abilities vary considerably among individuals, with attentional processes suggested to play a role in these variations. However, the relationship between attentional processes and individual differences in associative learning remains unclear, and whether these variations reflect in event-related potentials (ERPs) is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between attentional processes and associative learning by recording electrocortical activity of 38 young adults (18-32 years) during an associative learning task. Learning performance was assessed using the signal detection index d'. EEG topographic analyses and source localizations were applied to examine the neural correlates of attention and associative learning. Results revealed that better learning scores are associated with (1) topographic differences during early (126-148 ms) processing of the stimulus, coinciding with a P1 ERP component, which corresponded to a participation of the precuneus (BA 7), (2) topographic differences at 573-638 ms, overlapping with an increase of global field power at 530-600 ms, coinciding with a P3b ERP component and localized within the superior frontal gyrus (BA11) and (3) an increase of global field power at 322-507 ms, underlay by a stronger participation of the middle occipital gyrus (BA 19). These insights into the neural mechanisms underlying individual differences in associative learning suggest that better learners engage attentional processes more efficiently than weaker learners, making more resources available and displaying increased functional activity in areas involved in early attentional processes (BA7) and decision-making processes (BA11) during an associative learning task. This highlights the crucial role of attentional mechanisms in individual learning variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Raynal
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kate Schipper
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Brandner
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Barral
- Brain Electrophysiology Attention Movement Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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22
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Hamilton HK, Mathalon DH, Ford JM. P300 in schizophrenia: Then and now. Biol Psychol 2024; 187:108757. [PMID: 38316196 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2024.108757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The 1965 discovery of the P300 component of the electroencephalography (EEG)-based event-related potential (ERP), along with the subsequent identification of its alteration in people with schizophrenia, initiated over 50 years of P300 research in schizophrenia. Here, we review what we now know about P300 in schizophrenia after nearly six decades of research. We describe recent efforts to expand our understanding of P300 beyond its sensitivity to schizophrenia itself to its potential role as a biomarker of risk for psychosis or a heritable endophenotype that bridges genetic risk and psychosis phenomenology. We also highlight efforts to move beyond a syndrome-based approach to understand P300 within the context of the clinical, cognitive, and presumed pathophysiological heterogeneity among people diagnosed with schizophrenia. Finally, we describe several recent approaches that extend beyond measuring the traditional P300 ERP component in people with schizophrenia, including time-frequency analyses and pharmacological challenge studies, that may help to clarify specific cognitive mechanisms that are disrupted in schizophrenia. Moreover, we discuss several promising areas for future research, including studies of animal models that can be used for treatment development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly K Hamilton
- University of Minnesota, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, USA; University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Daniel H Mathalon
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Judith M Ford
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA; San Francisco Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Francisco, CA, USA
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23
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Brush CJ, Keith LR, Santopetro NJ, Burani K, Hajcak G. Associations between physical activity, sedentary time, and neurocognitive function during adolescence: Evidence from accelerometry and the flanker P300. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 286:151-178. [PMID: 38876574 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity and sedentary behavior are two lifestyle factors related to overall health during adolescence. Public health efforts emphasize the importance of increasing physical activity to improve physical and mental health outcomes, including neurocognitive functioning. However, the unique effects of sedentary behavior on neurocognitive functioning remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate associations between daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time, and neurocognitive functioning during adolescence. Fifty-seven participants (37% female) between the ages of 13 and 17 years wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for approximately 1 week to quantify daily MVPA and sedentary time prior to completing a flanker task to elicit P300 amplitude at a laboratory visit. Results indicated that daily MVPA and sedentary time exhibited unique, significant associations with P300 amplitude in opposing directions: increased daily MVPA was correlated with larger P300 amplitudes, while increased daily sedentary time was linked to reduced P300 amplitudes. Notably, these associations remained significant even after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI-for-age percentile. These findings underscore the independent influence of daily MVPA and sedentary time on neurocognitive functioning during adolescence. Future research should explore whether modifying MVPA levels can improve neurocognitive outcomes-including the P300-during adolescence, and determine whether reducing sedentary time results in similar or differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States.
| | - Lauren R Keith
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | | | - Kreshnik Burani
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
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Nakamura NH, Oku Y, Fukunaga M. "Brain-breath" interactions: respiration-timing-dependent impact on functional brain networks and beyond. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:165-182. [PMID: 37651646 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Breathing is a natural daily action that one cannot do without, and it sensitively and intensely changes under various situations. What if this essential act of breathing can impact our overall well-being? Recent studies have demonstrated that breathing oscillations couple with higher brain functions, i.e., perception, motor actions, and cognition. Moreover, the timing of breathing, a phase transition from exhalation to inhalation, modulates specific cortical activity and accuracy in cognitive tasks. To determine possible respiratory roles in attentional and memory processes and functional neural networks, we discussed how breathing interacts with the brain that are measured by electrophysiology and functional neuroimaging: (i) respiration-dependent modulation of mental health and cognition; (ii) respiratory rhythm generation and respiratory pontomedullary networks in the brainstem; (iii) respiration-dependent effects on specific brainstem regions and functional neural networks (e.g., glutamatergic PreBötzinger complex neurons, GABAergic parafacial neurons, adrenergic C1 neurons, parabrachial nucleus, locus coeruleus, temporoparietal junction, default-mode network, ventral attention network, and cingulo-opercular salience network); and (iv) a potential application of breathing manipulation in mental health care. These outlines and considerations of "brain-breath" interactions lead to a better understanding of the interoceptive and cognitive mechanisms that underlie brain-body interactions in health conditions and in stress-related and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu H Nakamura
- Division of Physiome, Department of Physiology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Oku
- Division of Physiome, Department of Physiology, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1, Mukogawa cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Section of Brain Function Information, National Institute of Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
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25
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Kim J, Keye SA, Pascual-Abreu M, Khan NA. Effects of an acute bout of cycling on different domains of cognitive function. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 283:21-66. [PMID: 38538189 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The literature suggesting acute exercise benefits cognitive function has been largely confined to single cognitive domains and measures of reliant on measures of central tendencies. Furthermore, studies suggest cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) to reflect cognitive efficiency and provide unique insights into cognitive function, but there is limited knowledge on the effects of acute exercise on IIV. To this end, this study examined the effects of acute exercise on three different cognitive domains, executive function, implicit learning, and hippocampal-dependent memory function using behavioral performance and event-related potentials (ERPs). Furthermore, this study also sought to explore the effects of an acute bout of exercise on IIV using the RIDE algorithm to separate signals into individuals components based on latency variability. Healthy adult participants (N=20; 26.3±4.8years) completed a randomized cross-over trial with seated rest or 30min of high intensity cycling. Before and after each condition, participants completed a cognitive battery consisting of the Eriksen Flanker task, implicit statistical learning task, and a spatial reconstruction task. While exercise did not affect Flanker or spatial reconstruction performance, there were exercise related decreases in accuracy (F=5.47; P=0.040), slowed reaction time (F=5.18; P=0.036), and decreased late parietal positivity (F=4.26; P=0.046). However, upon adjusting for performance and ERP variability, there were exercise related decreases in Flanker reaction time (F=24.00; P<0.001), and reduced N2 amplitudes (F=13.03; P=0.002), and slower P3 latencies (F=3.57; P=0.065) for incongruent trials. These findings suggest that acute exercise may impact cognitive IIV as an adaptation to maintain function following exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoon Kim
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shelby A Keye
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Melannie Pascual-Abreu
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Naiman A Khan
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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26
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Ventura‐Bort C, Weymar M. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation modulates the processing of interoceptive prediction error signals and their role in allostatic regulation. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26613. [PMID: 38379451 PMCID: PMC10879907 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
It has recently been suggested that predictive processing principles may apply to interoception, defined as the processing of hormonal, autonomic, visceral, and immunological signals. In the current study, we aimed at providing empirical evidence for the role of cardiac interoceptive prediction errors signals on allostatic adjustments, using transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a tool to modulate the processing of interoceptive afferents. In a within-subject design, participants performed a cardiac-related interoceptive task (heartbeat counting task) under taVNS and sham stimulation, spaced 1-week apart. We observed that taVNS, in contrast to sham stimulation, facilitated the maintenance of interoceptive accuracy levels over time (from the initial, stimulation-free, baseline block to subsequent stimulation blocks), suggesting that vagus nerve stimulation may have helped to maintain engagement to cardiac afferent signals. During the interoceptive task, taVNS compared to sham, produced higher heart-evoked potentials (HEP) amplitudes, a potential readout measure of cardiac-related prediction error processing. Further analyses revealed that the positive relation between interoceptive accuracy and allostatic adjustments-as measured by heart rate variability (HRV)-was mediated by HEP amplitudes. Providing initial support for predictive processing accounts of interoception, our results suggest that the stimulation of the vagus nerve may increase the precision with which interoceptive signals are processed, favoring their influence on allostatic adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Ventura‐Bort
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human SciencesUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
| | - Mathias Weymar
- Department of Biological Psychology and Affective Science, Faculty of Human SciencesUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
- Faculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdamGermany
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Berger A, Beckers E, Joris V, Duchêne G, Danthine V, Delinte N, Cakiroglu I, Sherif S, Morrison EIG, Sánchez AT, Macq B, Dricot L, Vandewalle G, El Tahry R. Locus coeruleus features are linked to vagus nerve stimulation response in drug-resistant epilepsy. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1296161. [PMID: 38469571 PMCID: PMC10926962 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1296161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system is thought to be involved in the clinical effects of vagus nerve stimulation. This system is known to prevent seizure development and induce long-term plastic changes, particularly with the release of norepinephrine in the hippocampus. However, the requisites to become responder to the therapy and the mechanisms of action are still under investigation. Using MRI, we assessed the structural and functional characteristics of the locus coeruleus and microstructural properties of locus coeruleus-hippocampus white matter tracts in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy responding or not to the therapy. Twenty-three drug-resistant epileptic patients with cervical vagus nerve stimulation were recruited for this pilot study, including 13 responders or partial responders and 10 non-responders. A dedicated structural MRI acquisition allowed in vivo localization of the locus coeruleus and computation of its contrast (an accepted marker of LC integrity). Locus coeruleus activity was estimated using functional MRI during an auditory oddball task. Finally, multi-shell diffusion MRI was used to estimate the structural properties of locus coeruleus-hippocampus tracts. These characteristics were compared between responders/partial responders and non-responders and their association with therapy duration was also explored. In patients with a better response to the therapy, trends toward a lower activity and a higher contrast were found in the left medial and right caudal portions of the locus coeruleus, respectively. An increased locus coeruleus contrast, bilaterally over its medial portions, correlated with duration of the treatment. Finally, a higher integrity of locus coeruleus-hippocampus connections was found in patients with a better response to the treatment. These new insights into the neurobiology of vagus nerve stimulation may provide novel markers of the response to the treatment and may reflect neuroplasticity effects occurring in the brain following the implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Berger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Synergia Medical SA, Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elise Beckers
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer’s Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Vincent Joris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaëtan Duchêne
- GE Center MR Applications, General Electric Healthcare, Diegem, Belgium
| | - Venethia Danthine
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Delinte
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Inci Cakiroglu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Siya Sherif
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Andres Torres Sánchez
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Innoviris, Brussels Institute for Research and Innovation, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Macq
- Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Electronics and Applied Mathematics, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Vandewalle
- Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, GIGA-Cyclotron Research Center-in vivo Imaging, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Riëm El Tahry
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Center for Refractory Epilepsy, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Siman-Tov Z, Lev M, Polat U. Probing the Bottleneck of Awareness Formed by Foveal Crowding: A Neurophysiological Study. Brain Sci 2024; 14:169. [PMID: 38391743 PMCID: PMC10886460 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Crowding occurs when an easily identified isolated stimulus is surrounded by stimuli with similar properties, making it very difficult to identify. Crowding is suggested as a mechanism that creates a bottleneck in object recognition and awareness. Recently, we showed that brief presentation times at the fovea resulted in a significant crowding effect on target identification, impaired the target's color awareness, and resulted in a slower reaction time. However, when tagging the target with a red letter, the crowding effect is abolished. Crowding is widely considered a grouping; hence, it is pre-attentive. An event-related potential (ERP) study that investigated the spatial-temporal properties of crowding suggested the involvement of higher-level visual processing. Here, we investigated whether ERP's components may be affected by crowding and tagging, and whether the temporal advantage of ERP can be utilized to gain further information about the crowding mechanism. The participants reported target identification using our standard foveal crowing paradigm. It is assumed that crowding occurs due to a suppressive effect; thus, it can be probed by changes in perceptual (N1, ~160 ms) and attentive (P3 ~300-400 ms) components. We found a suppression effect (less negative ERP magnitude) in N1 under foveal crowding, which was recovered under tagging conditions. ERP's amplitude components (N1 and P3) and the behavioral proportion correct are highly correlated. These findings suggest that crowding is an early grouping mechanism that may be combined with later processing involving the segmentation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziv Siman-Tov
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Maria Lev
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Uri Polat
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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29
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Li L, Wang H. Embracing beauty through leftward movements: An ERP study on metaphorical association between hand actions and aesthetic judgments. Neurosci Lett 2024; 822:137627. [PMID: 38191087 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2024.137627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the metaphorical association between aesthetic judgments of faces and horizontal hand movements as well as their cognitive neural mechanisms using a joint categorical response task. In the "aesthetic-action" metaphorical representation situation, participants were asked to classify beautiful/ugly faces by moving the mouse to the left or the right. The results showed that the joint categorization condition "judge beautiful-move mouse left, judge ugly-move mouse right" had a shorter reaction time than the "judge beautiful-move mouse right, judge ugly-move mouse left" condition, which was accompanied by larger amplitudes of the early component N170, EPN, and the late component P300. Combining the behavioral and event-related potentials (ERPs) results, the present study demonstrated a metaphorical association between horizontal hand actions and aesthetic judgments. It suggested that horizontal hand actions can affect the speed of aesthetic judgments by influencing processing fluency, emotional arousal level, categorization motivation, and attentional resources. These findings provide new perspectives to better understand the cognitive process of aesthetic judgments and provide a basis for applying embodied cognition and metaphor theory to the field of aesthetic psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghe Li
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China.
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30
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Basu A, Yang JH, Yu A, Glaeser-Khan S, Rondeau JA, Feng J, Krystal JH, Li Y, Kaye AP. Frontal Norepinephrine Represents a Threat Prediction Error Under Uncertainty. Biol Psychiatry 2024:S0006-3223(24)00074-X. [PMID: 38316333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To adapt to threats in the environment, animals must predict them and engage in defensive behavior. While the representation of a prediction error signal for reward has been linked to dopamine, a neuromodulatory prediction error for aversive learning has not been identified. METHODS We measured and manipulated norepinephrine release during threat learning using optogenetics and a novel fluorescent norepinephrine sensor. RESULTS We found that norepinephrine response to conditioned stimuli reflects aversive memory strength. When delays between auditory stimuli and footshock are introduced, norepinephrine acts as a prediction error signal. However, temporal difference prediction errors do not fully explain norepinephrine dynamics. To explain noradrenergic signaling, we used an updated reinforcement learning model with uncertainty about time and found that it explained norepinephrine dynamics across learning and variations in temporal and auditory task structure. CONCLUSIONS Norepinephrine thus combines cognitive and affective information into a predictive signal and links time with the anticipation of danger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Basu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jen-Hau Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Abigail Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | - Jocelyne A Rondeau
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiesi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Veterans Administration National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China; Peking University-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Alfred P Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Clinical Neuroscience Division, Veterans Administration National Center for PTSD, West Haven, Connecticut; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
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31
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Serafini L, Leo I, Pesciarelli F. Event-related potential correlates of implicit processing of own- and other-race faces in children. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 238:105773. [PMID: 37703721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Human adults typically experience difficulties in recognizing and discriminating individual faces belonging to racial groups other than their own. The origin of this "other-race" effect is set in infancy, but the understanding of its developmental course is fragmented. We aimed to access the mechanisms of the other-race effect in childhood by unraveling the neural time course of own- and other-race face processing during a masked priming paradigm. White 6- and 7-year-old children (N = 19) categorized fully visible Asian (other-race) or White (own-race) target faces according to gender. Target faces were preceded by masked same-identity or different-identity prime faces, matching the target for race and gender. We showed an early priming effect on the N100 component, with larger amplitude to different-face pairs than to same-face pairs, and a later race effect on the N200 component, with larger amplitude to own-race face pairs than to other-race face pairs. Critically, race did not interact with priming at any processing stage (P100, N100, P200, N200, or P300). Our results suggest that race could have a temporally limited impact on face processing and that the implicit and unconscious identity processing of own- and other-race faces could be similar in 6- and 7-year-olds, depicting an immature other-race effect during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Serafini
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy
| | - Irene Leo
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialization, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Pesciarelli
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic, and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41100 Modena, Italy.
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32
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Li J, Li M, Sun Y, Zhang G, Fan W, Zhong Y. The impact of social hierarchies on neural response to feedback evaluations after advice giving. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26611. [PMID: 38339957 PMCID: PMC10839742 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Advisors generally evaluate advisee-relevant feedback after advice giving. The response to these feedback-(1) whether the advice is accepted and (2) whether the advice is optimal-usually involves prestige. Prior literature has found that prestige is the basis by which individuals attain a superior status in the social hierarchy. However, whether advisors are motivated to attain a superior status when engaging in advice giving remains uncharacterized. Using event-related potentials, this study investigates how advisors evaluate feedback after giving advice to superior (vs. inferior) status advisees. A social hierarchy was first established based on two advisees (one was ranked as superior status and another as inferior status) as well as participants' performance in a dot-estimation task in which all participants were ranked as medium status. Participants then engaged in a game in which they were assigned roles as advisors to a superior or inferior status advisee. Afterward, the participants received feedback in two phases. In Phase 1, participants were told whether the advisees accepted the advice provided. In Phase 2, the participants were informed whether the advice they provided was correct. In these two phases, when the advisee was of superior status, participants exhibited stronger feedback-related negativity and P300 difference in response to (1) whether their advice was accepted, and (2) whether their advice was correct. Moreover, the P300 was notably larger when the participants' correct advice led to a gain for a superior-status advisee. In the context of advice giving, advisors are particularly motivated to attain a superior status when the feedback involving social hierarchies, which is reflected in higher sensitivity to feedback associated with superior status advisees at earlier and later stages during feedback evaluations in brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
| | - Mei Li
- School of PsychologySouth China Normal UniversityGuangzhouP.R. China
| | - Yu Sun
- School of PsychologyGuizhou Normal UniversityGuiyangP.R. China
| | - Guanfei Zhang
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
| | - Wei Fan
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of PsychologyHunan Normal UniversityChangshaP.R. China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan ProvinceChangshaP.R. China
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33
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Pan L, Wang J, Wu W, Wang Y, Zhu Y, Song Y. Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation improves working memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: A randomized double-blind study. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14395. [PMID: 37553557 PMCID: PMC10848055 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study investigated the impact of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) on working memory (WM) in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (rTLE) and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS In this randomized double-blind study, 28 rTLE patients were subjected to an active or sham taVNS (a/s-taVNS) protocol for 20 weeks (a-taVNS group, n = 19; s-ta VNS group, n = 9). Patients performed visual WM tasks during stimulation and neural oscillations were simultaneously recorded by 19-channel electroencephalography. RESULTS Compared with the baseline state, reaction time was significantly shorter after 20 weeks of taVNS in the a-taVNS group (p = 0.010), whereas no difference was observed in the s-taVNS group (p > 0.05). The power spectral density (PSD) of the theta frequency band in the Fz channel decreased significantly after a-taVNS during WM-encoding (p = 0.020), maintenance (p = 0.038), and retrieval (p = 0.039) phases, but not in the s-taVNS group (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Neural oscillations during WM were altered by taVNS and WM performance was improved. Alterations in frontal midline theta oscillations may be a marker for the effect of taVNS on cognitive regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Pan
- General Medicine DepartmentTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
- Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of NeurologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | | | | | - Yijun Song
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjinChina
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Li M, Zhong B, Li J, Li J, Zhang X, Luo X, Li H. The influence of self-esteem on interpersonal and competence evaluations: electrophysiological evidence from an ERP study. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae017. [PMID: 38306660 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Using event-related potentials, this study examined how self-esteem affects neural responses to competence (interpersonal) feedback when the need for relatedness (competence) is thwarted or met. Participants with low and high self-esteem acted as advisors who selected one of two options for a putative advisee. Subsequently, they passively observed the advisee, accepted, or rejected their advice (i.e. interpersonal feedback) and received correct or incorrect outcomes (i.e. competence feedback). When interpersonal feedback was followed by competence feedback, high self-esteem participants showed a smaller P3 following incorrect than correct outcomes, irrespective of whether the advice had been accepted or rejected. However, low self-esteem participants showed this P3 effect only when the advice was rejected, and the P3 difference disappeared when the advice was accepted. When competence feedback was followed by interpersonal feedback, both low self-esteem and high self-esteem individuals showed a larger P2 for rejection than for acceptance and a larger late potential component for incorrect than correct outcomes. These findings suggest that when interpersonal feedback is followed by competence feedback, low self-esteem and high self-esteem individuals have a desire for self-positivity. When competence feedback is followed by interpersonal feedback, they may have motives for self-change. Our findings shed light on the motivational mechanisms for self-esteem and feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Road, TianHe Dist., Guangzhou 510631, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Bowei Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 80 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 80 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jialu Li
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xukai Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Xi Luo
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behaviour Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, No. 36 Lushan Road, Yuelu Dist., Changsha 410081, China
| | - Hong Li
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Road, TianHe Dist., Guangzhou 510631, China
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
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Ludyga S, Gerber M, Herold F, Schwarz A, Looser VN, Hanke M. Cortical hemodynamics and inhibitory processing in preadolescent children with low and high physical activity. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100438. [PMID: 38226004 PMCID: PMC10788801 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preadolescent children undergo developmental changes in inhibitory control. Maintenance of high levels of moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) has been suggested to promote its maturation. We compared inhibitory control between children with low and high MVPA as well as their inhibitory processing stream and changes in cortical hemodynamics. Method 109 participants aged 10 to 13 years wore accelerometers over 7 days. Those with MVPA levels of 30 min/d or less and 60 min/d or more further performed a computerized Stroop Color-Word task. Electroencephalography and functional near-infrared spectroscopy were used to record changes in inhibitory processing and cortical hemodynamics, respectively. Results An interaction of MVPA group and sex indicated better interference in highly-active boys, but the opposite pattern in girls. Independent from sex, the high compared to low MVPA group showed greater P300 and PSW amplitudes, whereas no group differences were found for N200, N450, and changes in cortical hemodynamics. Conclusion Children with high MVPA differ from their less-active peers by a distinct inhibitory processing profile, which is characterized by altered allocation of attentional resources and conflict resolution. However, these alterations do not necessarily translate into better performance, especially since MVPA is linked with higher inhibitory control in boys only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ludyga
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Gerber
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Herold
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Anja Schwarz
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Vera Nina Looser
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Hanke
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Barthel M, Tomasello R, Liu M. Conditionals in context: Brain signatures of prediction in discourse processing. Cognition 2024; 242:105635. [PMID: 37883821 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2023.105635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Comprehenders are known to generate expectations about upcoming linguistic input at the sentence and discourse level. However, most previous studies on prediction focused mainly on word-induced brain activity rather than examining neural activity preceding a critical stimulus in discourse processing, where prediction actually takes place. In this EEG study, participants were presented with multiple sentences resembling a discourse including conditional sentences with either only if or if, which are characterized by different semantics, triggering stronger or weaker predictions about the possible continuation of the presented discourses, respectively. Results revealed that discourses including only if, as compared to discourses with bare if, triggered an increased predictive neural activity before the expected critical word, resembling the readiness potential. Moreover, word-induced P300 brain responses were found to be enhanced by unpredictable discourse continuations and reduced in predictable discourse continuations. Intriguingly, brain responses preceding and following the critical word were found to be correlated, which yields evidence for predictive activity modulating word-induced processing on the discourse level. These findings shed light on the predictive nature of neural processes at the discourse level, critically advancing our understanding of the functional interconnection between discourse understanding and prediction processes in brain and mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Barthel
- Leibniz Institute for the German Language, Mannheim, Germany; Department of English and American Studies, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Rosario Tomasello
- Brain Language Laboratory, Department of Philosophy and Humanities, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany; Cluster of Excellence 'Matters of Activity. Image Space Material', Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mingya Liu
- Department of English and American Studies, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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Li RH, Karageorghis CI, Chen YC, Chen YC, Liao YH, Hung TM, Chang YK. Effect of acute concurrent exercise training and the mediating role of lactate on executive function: An ERP study. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 70:102531. [PMID: 37837841 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Both acute aerobic (AE) and resistance exercise (RE) have been acknowledged to be effective methods in enhancing executive function and brain-related P3 amplitudes. Nevertheless, the effect of acute concurrent exercise training (CET), combining both AE and RE, on executive function remains subject to speculation. Moreover, investigation of the mechanisms that underlie improvements in executive function would facilitate scientific understanding. Notably, lactate has emerged as a candidate among several potential mechanisms. Therefore, the main aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of acute CET on the cognitive flexibility dimension of executive function using behavioural and neuro-electric measures. A secondary aim was to determine the mediating effect of blood lactate in the acute exercise-executive function relationship. Seventy-eight young adults (38 women, 40 men; 22.8 ± 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: CET, AE, or reading control (RC). Cognitive flexibility was evaluated using the Task-Switching Test and its derived electroencephalography (EEG) was assessed immediately prior to and following each treatment. Fingertip lactate assays were taken prior to, at the midpoint, and after each treatment. Both acute CET and AE shortened response time regardless of test conditions when compared to the RC group. Greater P3 amplitude was observed following CET in the heterogeneous condition and under AE in the switch condition. A significant mediation of blood lactate for response time emerged in both the CET and AE groups for the heterogeneous and switch conditions. The blood lactate mediation was not reflected in P3 amplitude. The present findings suggest that acute CET leads to positive behavioural and neuro-electric alterations of cognitive flexibility, and its effect is similar to AE. Additionally, blood lactate serves as a mediator of the effects of acute exercise on executive function from a behavioural, but not neuro-electric standpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruei-Hong Li
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Chih Chen
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Liao
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Min Hung
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Kai Chang
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute for Research Excellence in Learning Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Social Emotional Education and Development Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Kim AJ. Noradrenaline: Can we now directly measure in humans? Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1294-R1296. [PMID: 38113841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Measuring noradrenergic activity in the human brain has been limited to indirect assessments through pupillometry and scalp-recorded event-related potentials. A novel study has demonstrated the capability to directly measure sub-second noradrenaline dynamics using surgically implanted electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Jeesu Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Jiang H, Zheng Y. Dissociable neural after-effects of cognitive and physical effort expenditure during reward evaluation. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2023; 23:1500-1512. [PMID: 37821754 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-023-01131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The reward after-effect of effort expenditure refers to the phenomenon that previous effort investment changes the subjective value of rewards when obtained. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the after-effects of effort exertion are still not fully understood. We investigated the modulation of reward after-effects by effort type (cognitive vs. physical) through the lens of neural dynamics. Thirty-two participants performed a physically or cognitively demanding task during an effort phase and then played a simple gambling game during a subsequent reward phase to earn monetary rewards while their electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. We found that previous effort expenditure decreased electrocortical activity during feedback evaluation. Importantly, this effort effect occurred in a domain-general manner during the early stage (as indexed by the reward positivity) but in a domain-specific manner during the later and more elaborative stage (as indexed by the P3 and delta oscillation) of reward evaluation. Additionally, effort expenditure enhanced P3 sensitivity to feedback valence regardless of effort type. Our findings suggest that cognitive and physical effort, although bearing some surface resemblance to each other, may have dissociable neural influences on the reward after-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Jiang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Yoo HJ, Nashiro K, Dutt S, Min J, Cho C, Thayer JF, Lehrer P, Chang C, Mather M. Daily biofeedback to modulate heart rate oscillations affects structural volume in hippocampal subregions targeted by the locus coeruleus in older adults but not younger adults. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 132:85-99. [PMID: 37769491 PMCID: PMC10840698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2023.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a clinical trial, we tested the hypothesis that daily sessions modulating heart rate oscillations affect older adults' volume of a region-of-interest (ROI) comprised of adjacent hippocampal subregions with relatively strong locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic input. Younger and older adults were randomly assigned to one of two daily biofeedback practices for 5 weeks: (1) engage in slow-paced breathing to increase the amplitude of oscillations in heart rate at their breathing frequency (Osc+); (2) engage in self-selected strategies to decrease heart rate oscillations (Osc-). The interventions did not significantly affect younger adults' hippocampal volume. Among older adults, the two conditions affected volume in the LC-targeted hippocampal ROI differentially as reflected in a significant condition × time-point interaction on ROI volume. These condition differences were driven by opposing changes in the two conditions (increased volume in Osc+ and decreased volume in Osc-) and were mediated by the degree of heart rate oscillation during training sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Joo Yoo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaoru Nashiro
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Shubir Dutt
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jungwon Min
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christine Cho
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | | | - Paul Lehrer
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08852, USA
| | - Catie Chang
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Mara Mather
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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41
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Nuiten SA, de Gee JW, Zantvoord JB, Fahrenfort JJ, van Gaal S. Catecholaminergic neuromodulation and selective attention jointly shape perceptual decision-making. eLife 2023; 12:RP87022. [PMID: 38038722 PMCID: PMC10691802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptual decisions about sensory input are influenced by fluctuations in ongoing neural activity, most prominently driven by attention and neuromodulator systems. It is currently unknown if neuromodulator activity and attention differentially modulate perceptual decision-making and/or whether neuromodulatory systems in fact control attentional processes. To investigate the effects of two distinct neuromodulatory systems and spatial attention on perceptual decisions, we pharmacologically elevated cholinergic (through donepezil) and catecholaminergic (through atomoxetine) levels in humans performing a visuo-spatial attention task, while we measured electroencephalography (EEG). Both attention and catecholaminergic enhancement improved decision-making at the behavioral and algorithmic level, as reflected in increased perceptual sensitivity and the modulation of the drift rate parameter derived from drift diffusion modeling. Univariate analyses of EEG data time-locked to the attentional cue, the target stimulus, and the motor response further revealed that attention and catecholaminergic enhancement both modulated pre-stimulus cortical excitability, cue- and stimulus-evoked sensory activity, as well as parietal evidence accumulation signals. Interestingly, we observed both similar, unique, and interactive effects of attention and catecholaminergic neuromodulation on these behavioral, algorithmic, and neural markers of the decision-making process. Thereby, this study reveals an intricate relationship between attentional and catecholaminergic systems and advances our understanding about how these systems jointly shape various stages of perceptual decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stijn A Nuiten
- Department of Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jan Willem de Gee
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s HospitalHoustonUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jasper B Zantvoord
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam NeuroscienceAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Johannes J Fahrenfort
- Department of Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Institute for Brain and Behavior Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology - Cognitive Psychology, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Simon van Gaal
- Department of Psychology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Amsterdam Brain & Cognition, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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Mazancieux A, Mauconduit F, Amadon A, Willem de Gee J, Donner TH, Meyniel F. Brainstem fMRI signaling of surprise across different types of deviant stimuli. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113405. [PMID: 37950868 PMCID: PMC10698303 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Detection of deviant stimuli is crucial to orient and adapt our behavior. Previous work shows that deviant stimuli elicit phasic activation of the locus coeruleus (LC), which releases noradrenaline and controls central arousal. However, it is unclear whether the detection of behaviorally relevant deviant stimuli selectively triggers LC responses or other neuromodulatory systems (dopamine, serotonin, and acetylcholine). We combine human functional MRI (fMRI) recordings optimized for brainstem imaging with pupillometry to perform a mapping of deviant-related responses in subcortical structures. Participants have to detect deviant items in a "local-global" paradigm that distinguishes between deviance based on the stimulus probability and the sequence structure. fMRI responses to deviant stimuli are distributed in many cortical areas. Both types of deviance elicit responses in the pupil, LC, and other neuromodulatory systems. Our results reveal that the detection of task-relevant deviant items recruits the same multiple subcortical systems across computationally different types of deviance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Mazancieux
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France.
| | - Franck Mauconduit
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexis Amadon
- NeuroSpin, CEA, CNRS, BAOBAB, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jan Willem de Gee
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tobias H Donner
- Section Computational Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florent Meyniel
- Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux énergies alternatives, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France; Institut de neuromodulation, GHU Paris, psychiatrie et neurosciences, centre hospitalier Sainte-Anne, pôle hospitalo-universitaire 15, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France.
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Kiani MM, Heidari Beni MH, Aghajan H. Aberrations in temporal dynamics of cognitive processing induced by Parkinson's disease and Levodopa. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20195. [PMID: 37980451 PMCID: PMC10657430 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) have been shown to significantly improve by Levodopa. However, despite the widespread adoption of Levodopa as a standard pharmaceutical drug for the treatment of PD, cognitive impairments linked to PD do not show visible improvement with Levodopa treatment. Furthermore, the neuronal and network mechanisms behind the PD-induced cognitive impairments are not clearly understood. In this work, we aim to explain these cognitive impairments, as well as the ones exacerbated by Levodopa, through examining the differential dynamic patterns of the phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) during cognitive functions. EEG data recorded in an auditory oddball task performed by a cohort consisting of controls and a group of PD patients during both on and off periods of Levodopa treatment were analyzed to derive the temporal dynamics of the PAC across the brain. We observed distinguishing patterns in the PAC dynamics, as an indicator of information binding, which can explain the slower cognitive processing associated with PD in the form of a latency in the PAC peak time. Thus, considering the high-level connections between the hippocampus, the posterior and prefrontal cortices established through the dorsal and ventral striatum acting as a modulatory system, we posit that the primary issue with cognitive impairments of PD, as well as Levodopa's cognitive deficit side effects, can be attributed to the changes in temporal dynamics of dopamine release influencing the modulatory function of the striatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Kiani
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Aghajan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Kestens K, Van Yper L, Degeest S, Keppler H. The P300 Auditory Evoked Potential: A Physiological Measure of the Engagement of Cognitive Systems Contributing to Listening Effort? Ear Hear 2023; 44:1389-1403. [PMID: 37287098 DOI: 10.1097/aud.0000000000001381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the potential of the P300 (P3b) as a physiological measure of the engagement of cognitive systems contributing to listening effort. DESIGN Nineteen right-handed young adults (mean age: 24.79 years) and 20 right-handed older adults (mean age: 58.90 years) with age-appropriate hearing were included. The P300 was recorded at Fz, Cz, and Pz using a two-stimulus oddball paradigm with the Flemish monosyllabic numbers "one" and "three" as standard and deviant stimuli, respectively. This oddball paradigm was conducted in three listening conditions, varying in listening demand: one quiet and two noisy listening conditions (+4 and -2 dB signal to noise ratio [SNR]). At each listening condition, physiological, behavioral, and subjective tests of listening effort were administered. P300 amplitude and latency served as a potential physiological measure of the engagement of cognitive systems contributing to listening effort. In addition, the mean reaction time to respond to the deviant stimuli was used as a behavioral listening effort measurement. Last, subjective listening effort was administered through a visual analog scale. To assess the effects of listening condition and age group on each of these measures, linear mixed models were conducted. Correlation coefficients were calculated to determine the relationship between the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures. RESULTS P300 amplitude and latency, mean reaction time, and subjective scores significantly increased as the listening condition became more taxing. Moreover, a significant group effect was found for all physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures, favoring young adults. Last, no clear relationships between the physiological, behavioral, and subjective measures were found. CONCLUSIONS The P300 was considered a physiological measure of the engagement of cognitive systems contributing to listening effort. Because advancing age is associated with hearing loss and cognitive decline, more research is needed on the effects of all these variables on the P300 to further explore its usefulness as a listening effort measurement for research and clinical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrien Kestens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lindsey Van Yper
- Department of Linguistics, The Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sofie Degeest
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hannah Keppler
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Oto-rhino-laryngology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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Boetzel C, Stecher HI, Herrmann CS. ERP-aligned delta transcranial alternating current stimulation modulates the P3 amplitude. Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 193:112247. [PMID: 37769997 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
The underlying mechanisms of the event-related potential (ERP) generation are still under debate. One popular model considers the ERP as a superposition of phase-resets of ongoing endogenous oscillations of different frequencies. Brain oscillations have been shown to be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS). Thus, it seems feasible, that an ERP could be altered by modulating the contributing oscillations using tACS. One possible approach would be to target a frequency-matched stimulation signal to a specific ERP-component. One possible target for such an approach is the P3, which appears as delta/theta oscillations in the frequency-domain. Thus, an ERP-aligned stimulation in the delta/theta-range might be suitable to force synchronization in the stimulated frequency band and thus increase the amplitude of the P3 component. Building on an existing paradigm, in the present study 21 healthy participants received individualized ERP-aligned delta tACS and control stimulation while performing a visual task. The visual stimulation was matched to the continuous tACS in order to align the tACS peak with the P3 peak. Both the P3 amplitude and the evoked delta power were significantly increased after ERP-aligned tACS but not after control stimulation. The investigated behavioral parameter showed no stimulation dependent effect. Our results may provide new insights into the debate on the contribution of phase-reset mechanisms to the generation of ERPs and offer new opportunities for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Boetzel
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heiko I Stecher
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Christoph S Herrmann
- Experimental Psychology Lab, Department of Psychology, European Medical School, Cluster for Excellence "Hearing for All", Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany; Neuroimaging Unit, European Medical School, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University, Oldenburg, Germany.
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Ao L, Gao Y, Yang L, Du X, Wang H, Liu Y. Group environment modulates how third parties assess unfairly shared losses and unfairly shared gains: neural signatures from ERPs and EEG oscillations. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2023; 45:840-854. [PMID: 38341877 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2313258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Through its long-term evolution and development, human society has gradually formed stable and effective norms to maintain normal social production and social activities. Altruistic punishment is indispensable in maintaining social norms. Altruistic punishment includes second-party and third-party punishment, and third-party punishment refers to punishing violators by unbiased bystanders who have not suffered damage to their interests. Cooperation is an important form of human social interaction. Third parties play an essential role in maintaining social cooperation. Third parties' behaviors in maintaining cooperative norms may be related to their social environment. METHOD We used the prisoner's dilemma (PD) game and distinguished between the gain and loss contexts of the economy to explore how the group environment modulates the cognitive neural mechanisms and psychological processing of the third-party punishment decision. Twenty-six college students (Mage = 19.88 ± 1.58) participated in the experiment; data from four participants were excluded from analyses of the EEG data due to large artifacts. RESULTS The behavioral results show that the degree of punishment from the third party in a loss context was greater than in a gain context. ERP analysis results show that the third party applied a lower P300 in the loss context. The loss context induced a greater N100 than the gain context in the individual environment. At the same time, alpha-band power activated by the individual environment was greater than that activated by the group environment under the gain context. CONCLUSION These results suggest that a third party maintaining the norms of social cooperation in different contexts will adjust punishment decisions according to the environment, and this process is mainly dominated by the negative emotions caused by environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Ao
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- Pu`er University, Pu`er, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - XinYu Du
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
| | - He Wang
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Yingjie Liu
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology. Pu`er University Tangshan, Tangshan, China
- School of Public Health, School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Epp T, Skrenes A, Chao T, Krigolson OE, Schütz CG. Associations of the P300 Event-Related Potentials and Self-Reported Craving in Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Review. Eur Addict Res 2023; 29:406-416. [PMID: 37820586 DOI: 10.1159/000533147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The phenomenon of craving and attention bias towards drug cues is theorized to operate cooperatively, owing to the principles of associative learning. In this context, the conditioned response to drug-related stimuli activates reward mechanisms within the brain, consequently inducing craving and fostering the underlying mechanisms that contribute to relapse in individuals with substance use disorders. Multiple studies have assessed the relationship between attention to substance-related cues and subjective craving through electroencephalography (EEG), but their findings have yet to be synthesized and examined. This review summarizes the association between the amplitude of the P300 event-related potential (ERP) and substance use craving, compares discrepancies in results by type of substance, and discusses gaps in the literature to inform future research. METHODS A systematic search was conducted on Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and PsychINFO databases. Studies were published in English and included peer-reviewed human research investigating the relationship between EEG P300 ERP and self-reported substance use craving. The included study samples comprised of in treatment or non-treatment-seeking participants who use substances. The primary outcomes of interest were those derived from inferential statistics assessing P300 amplitude and substance use craving. RESULTS Ten studies were included in the final search and were organized by substance type: three alcohol, three cocaine, two tobacco, one heroin, and one cannabis. Results were mixed for alcohol and cocaine. Studies on tobacco, heroin, and cannabis use were congruent for associations between the P300 amplitude and craving. CONCLUSIONS Overall findings are mixed between studies addressing the association of the EEG P300 amplitude and craving. These results should be considered in the context of the limited sample size, underpowered analyses, and methodological differences that potentially contribute to discrepancies in outcomes. Further research is required to assess the role of craving assessment, EEG methodology, and substance-related factors on the association between P300 amplitude and self-reported craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanisse Epp
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Asal Skrenes
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- School of Health in Social Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas Chao
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olave E Krigolson
- Theoretical and Applied Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christian G Schütz
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Mental Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute, Provincial Health Services Authority, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Zhang G, Li J, Tan M, Zhong Y. The Influence of Green Product Type, Message Framing, and Anticipated Pride on Green Consumption Behavior: An Event-Related Potential (ERP) Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1427. [PMID: 37891796 PMCID: PMC10604928 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Different types of green products require different marketing approaches to promote individual green purchasing behaviors. Previous studies have focused only on the effects of message framing on the promotion of different types of green products; however, little is known about the role of underlying emotions. Using event-related potentials (ERPs), this study investigated the neural responses to message framings and anticipated pride in green product types to assess their level of influence on green consumption. Participants in this study were randomly assigned to the anticipated pride versus control groups, and asked to make green consumption decisions involving different types (self- vs. other-interested) of green products, utilizing both gain and loss framing. The behavioral results demonstrated that participants in the anticipated pride group made more green product purchase choices than those in the control group. The ERP results showed that within the loss framing of the control group, other-interested green products induced larger N400 and smaller late positive potential (LPP) amplitudes than self-interested green products, whereas the results showed the opposite trend for the anticipated pride group. These results indicate that although individuals might have biases in their motivation that lead them to focus on self-interested green products, anticipating pride reduces cognitive conflicts and increases their motivation to focus on other-interested green products in the context of loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanfei Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Deparment of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jin Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Deparment of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Min Tan
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Deparment of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yiping Zhong
- Department of Psychology, School of Education Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Deparment of Educational Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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Schindler S, Bruchmann M, Straube T. Beyond facial expressions: A systematic review on effects of emotional relevance of faces on the N170. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105399. [PMID: 37734698 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The N170 is the most prominent electrophysiological signature of face processing. While facial expressions reliably modulate the N170, there is considerable variance in N170 modulations by other sources of emotional relevance. Therefore, we systematically review and discuss this research area using different methods to manipulate the emotional relevance of inherently neutral faces. These methods were categorized into (1) existing pre-experimental affective person knowledge (e.g., negative attitudes towards outgroup faces), (2) experimentally instructed affective person knowledge (e.g., negative person information), (3) contingency-based affective learning (e.g., fear-conditioning), or (4) the immediate affective context (e.g., emotional information directly preceding the face presentation). For all categories except the immediate affective context category, the majority of studies reported significantly increased N170 amplitudes depending on the emotional relevance of faces. Furthermore, the potentiated N170 was observed across different attention conditions, supporting the role of the emotional relevance of faces on the early prioritized processing of configural facial information, regardless of low-level differences. However, we identified several open research questions and suggest venues for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Schindler
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Germany
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Fields EC. The P300, the LPP, context updating, and memory: What is the functional significance of the emotion-related late positive potential? Int J Psychophysiol 2023; 192:43-52. [PMID: 37586592 PMCID: PMC10838602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The emotion-related late positive potential (LPP) of the event-related potential (ERP) has been the topic of many studies over the previous two decades, but the function of this component (the cognitive process that it reflects) is very much an open question. In this paper, I build on frameworks that suggest a close relationship between the LPP and the P300 component of the ERP to argue that the classic context updating account of the P300 may provide insights into the function of the LPP. I then review broader connections between the LPP and memory, and I connect the LPP to research and theory in the area of emotional memory. I argue that while a relationship between the LPP and attention has been widely noted in the literature, connections to memory have been overlooked and that a memory-related process should be considered as one candidate for the function of the LPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric C Fields
- Department of Psychology, Westminster College, 319 South Market Street, New Wilmington, PA 16172, United States of America.
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