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Pembroke L, Sherman KA, Dhillon HM, Francis H, Gillatt D, Gurney H. Online Group Cognitive Rehabilitation Program for Prostate Cancer Survivors: Development Using Codesign and the Theoretical Domains Framework. Semin Oncol Nurs 2024; 40:151695. [PMID: 39054190 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2024.151695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to describe the adaptation of a group cognitive rehabilitation program for prostate cancer survivors (PCS) via telehealth delivery using a codesign approach with PCS experiencing cancer-related cognitive impairment. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) also informed the intervention development. METHODS Intervention development consisted of three steps: 1) Adapting an existing cancer-related cognitive rehabilitation program for PCS; 2) Conducting a codesign focus group workshop to gather feedback that was analyzed using a template approach; and 3) Incorporation of consumer feedback to refine the program for future piloting in PCS. Components of the finalized intervention were mapped onto the TDF domains. RESULTS Six PCS were involved in the codesign focus group workshop, providing feedback on program structure, the topics and its order, and rehabilitation activities. A manualized four-week online group cognitive rehabilitation program titled "Promoting Cognitive Wellbeing in Prostate Cancer Survivors (ProCog)" was developed. Four sessions of 2-hours' duration were designed exploring: cognitive/brain functions; the impact of cancer treatments and ageing; the relationship between thoughts, feelings and behaviors; values-based goal-setting; and skills/strategies to manage fatigue and improve attention, memory, aspects of executive functioning, and emotional functioning. CONCLUSIONS Consumer input and guidance from the TDF ensures a robust development process for the online ProCog intervention, designed for and with PCS experiencing cognitive difficulties. As an important initial step before piloting, this adaptation and development process ensures that ProCog addresses consumer needs and preferences and targets factors increasing behavior change. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE This research raises awareness of possible cancer-related cognitive impairments in prostate cancer survivors and strategies for rehabilitation. ProCog is an accessible online intervention that nurses can use to refer patients needing cognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna Pembroke
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University & Macquarie University Hospital, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Kerry A Sherman
- Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University & Macquarie University Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Haryana M Dhillon
- Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence-based Decision-making, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Psycho-Oncology Cooperative Research Group, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Heather Francis
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University & Macquarie University Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Gillatt
- Macquarie University Urology Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie, University & Macquarie University Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Howard Gurney
- Macquarie University Clinical Trials Unit (CTU), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University & Macquarie University Hospital, New South Wales, Australia
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Liu S, Durantini MR, Calabrese C, Sanchez F, Albarracin D. A systematic review and meta-analysis of strategies to promote vaccination uptake. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1689-1705. [PMID: 39090405 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Although immunization can dramatically curb the mortality and morbidity associated with vaccine-preventable diseases, vaccination uptake remains suboptimal in many areas of the world. Here, in this meta-analysis, we analysed the results from 88 eligible randomized controlled trials testing interventions to increase vaccination uptake with 1,628,768 participants from 17 countries with variable development levels (for example, Human Development Index ranging from 0.485 to 0.955). We estimated the efficacy of seven intervention strategies including increasing access to vaccination, sending vaccination reminders, providing incentives, supplying information, correcting misinformation, promoting both active and passive motivation and teaching behavioural skills. We showed that the odds of vaccination were 1.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.27 to 1.77) times higher for intervention than control conditions. Among the intervention strategies, using incentives and increasing access were most promising in improving vaccination uptake, with the access strategy being particularly effective in countries with lower incomes and less access to healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicong Liu
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China.
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marta R Durantini
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christopher Calabrese
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Flor Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dolores Albarracin
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Shepherd HA, Galarneau JM, Neill M, Karmali S, Turcotte K, Williamson RA, Cowle S, Macpherson A, Reed N, Schneider KJ, Belton KL, Gagnon I, Black AM, Emery CA, Babul S. Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Youth: Impact on Concussion Knowledge, Beliefs, and Reporting Intentions. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024:10901981241263577. [PMID: 39138808 DOI: 10.1177/10901981241263577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concussion education is recommended to increase concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions. The Concussion Awareness Training Tool for Youth (CATT-Youth) is a 40-minute e-Learning module developed for high school-aged youth. AIM The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions in high school youth from Calgary, Canada, following completion of the CATT-Youth. METHODS This study used a modified stepped-wedge trial design. High school classes were randomly assigned to an intervention (Ix) or delayed intervention (DIx) group. Ix group participants completed a pre-CATT survey immediately followed by the CATT-Youth, then a post-CATT survey 2 to 6 weeks later. DIx group participants completed two pre-CATT surveys 2 to 6 weeks apart, with the CATT-Youth completed immediately following the second pre-CATT, then a post-CATT survey 2 to 6 weeks later. The pre-/post-CATT survey encompassed 11 subtests evaluating concussion knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions. Independent mixed linear regression models were conducted to examine changes in scores for each subtest. RESULTS Participants included 454 high school students: five Ix schools (16 classes, n = 323) and two DIx schools (six classes, n = 131). The CATT-Youth significantly increased general concussion knowledge, Ix δ = 0.546/8 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.243, 0.849]), DIx δ = 0.728/8 (95% CI = [0.389, 1.106]), and beliefs about capabilities, Ix δ = 2.462/28 (95% CI = [1.086, 3.838]), DIx δ = 3.219/28 (95% CI = [1.594, 4.844]) for both groups. For some subtests, improvements were noted in the DIx group only. CONCLUSION The CATT-Youth module improved concussion knowledge and beliefs about capabilities for students in both groups. Future studies should explore the utility of the CATT-Youth in changing knowledge, beliefs, and reporting intentions in high school students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Shepherd
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Galarneau
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Neill
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shazya Karmali
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kate Turcotte
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rylen A Williamson
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Nick Reed
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kathryn J Schneider
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - Amanda M Black
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Emery
- The Sport Injury Prevention Research Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Shelina Babul
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Albarracin D, Oyserman D, Schwarz N. Health Communication and Behavioral Change During the COVID-19 Pandemic. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2024; 19:612-623. [PMID: 38319808 PMCID: PMC11295396 DOI: 10.1177/17456916231215272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic challenged the public health system to respond to an emerging, difficult-to-understand pathogen through demanding behaviors, including staying at home, masking for long periods, and vaccinating multiple times. We discuss key challenges of the pandemic health communication efforts deployed in the United States from 2020 to 2022 and identify research priorities. One priority is communicating about uncertainty in ways that prepare the public for disagreement and likely changes in recommendations as scientific understanding advances: How can changes in understanding and recommendations foster a sense that "science works as intended" rather than "the experts are clueless" and prevent creating a void to be filled by misinformation? A second priority concerns creating a culturally fluent framework for asking people to engage in difficult and novel actions: How can health messages foster the perception that difficulties of behavior change signal that the change is important rather than that the change "is not for people like me?" A third priority entails a shift from communication strategies that focus on knowledge and attitudes to interventions that focus on norms, policy, communication about policy, and channel factors that impair behavior change: How can we move beyond educating and correcting misinformation to achieving desired actions?
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolores Albarracin
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, Annenberg Public Policy Center, Annenberg School for Communication, Department of Family and Community Health, Department of Health Care Management, University of Pennsylvania
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Norr KF, Banda CK, Chang C, Krishna S, Kumbani LC, Liu L, McCreary LL, Patil CL. Condom use increased after a peer group intervention implemented by community volunteers in Malawi. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1483. [PMID: 38831266 PMCID: PMC11145788 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV prevention remains a global priority, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Our research team previously developed an evidence-based peer group program for HIV prevention called Mzake ndi Mzake (Friend to Friend). A community-engaged collaboration adapted the program for community ownership and implementation. Here we report whether this HIV prevention program, implemented by community volunteers, increased condom use among sexually active individuals in rural Malawi. METHODS Three communities sequentially rolled out the program. Effectiveness was evaluated using a stepped wedge design. Repeated surveys 11-13 months apart were conducted between 2016 and 2019. At Time 1, no community had offered the intervention. At Time 2, the first community had offered the intervention and two had not (control group). At Time 3, two communities had offered the intervention and one had not (control group). We used two condom use indicators; condom use frequency in the last 2 months (N = 771) and condom use at last sex (N = 880). The analytical sample included all sexually active persons answering that question at one or more time points. Mixed-effects cumulative logit and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) models were used to model the two condom indicators over time, controlling for demographic factors, UNAIDS HIV knowledge, safer sex self-efficacy and partner communication. RESULTS This peer group intervention implemented by trained community volunteers increased both condom use indicators at Times 2 and 3. In the final adjusted models with non-significant factors removed, condom use in the last two months increased for the intervention group vs. control group [Time 2: Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) = 1.59 (1.15, 2.21); Time 3: AOR 2.01 (1.23, 3.30)]. Similarly, condom use at last sex increased for the intervention group vs. control group [Time 2: AOR = 1.48 (1.08, 2.03); Time 3: AOR 1.81 (1.13, 2.90)]. Other significant predictors of greater condom use were also described. Although the intervention increased UNAIDS HIV knowledge, knowledge did not predict condom use. CONCLUSIONS In this community-engaged implementation study, an evidence-based peer group program for HIV prevention increased condom use when delivered by trained community volunteers. Community ownership and program delivery by trained volunteers offer an innovative and cost-effective strategy to address ongoing HIV prevention needs without overburdening healthcare systems in sub-Saharan Africa. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov NCT02765659 Registered May 6, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen F Norr
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S Damen Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
| | - Chimwemwe K Banda
- Malawi Liverpool Wellcome Clinical Research Program, P.O Box 30096, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Cecilia Chang
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shruthi Krishna
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lily C Kumbani
- Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, P/Bag 360, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi
| | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago, 1603 W Taylor St, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Linda L McCreary
- College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, 845 S Damen Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Crystal L Patil
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, 400 N. Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Peña-Y-Lillo M. From Information Seeking and Scanning to the Practice of Healthy Habits: A Longitudinal Test of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction in the Context of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:284-293. [PMID: 38646930 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2339231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Fruit and vegetable intake is essential for health, but global adherence to recommended levels remains insufficient. Health information exposure positively influences consumption, yet the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to explore the relationships between information seeking and scanning, attitudes, norms, perceived behavioral control (PBC), intentions, and fruit and vegetable intake, following the main tenets of the Integrative Model of Behavioral Prediction (IM). Data were collected through face-to-face surveys in Santiago, Chile, with a representative sample of individuals aged 25 and older in two waves. Findings revealed that intentions in Wave 1 predicted fruit and vegetable consumption in Wave 2, with positive associations between attitudes, norms, PBC, and intentions. Information seeking was positively associated with attitudes, norms, and PBC, and it had indirect effects on fruit and vegetable consumption through attitudes, norms, PBC, and intentions. Information scanning did not show significant indirect effects on fruit and vegetable consumption, even though the path between scanning and attitudes was significant. The study provides support for the IM and highlights the importance of information seeking in promoting fruit and vegetable consumption through its influence on attitudes, norms, and PBC. The findings have practical implications for health campaigns, educational programs, healthcare interactions, and public policies targeting healthier dietary habits.
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7
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Versloot-Swildens MC, de Graaf H, Twisk JWR, Popma A, Nauta-Jansen LMC. Effectiveness of a Comprehensive School-Based Sex Education Program for Young Adolescents in the Netherlands. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:998-1014. [PMID: 38055133 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01903-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Most sexual education programs traditionally focused on providing sexual information regarding the risks of sex. However, current studies on sexual behavior in youth show a need for truly comprehensive sex education approaches with a sex-positive focus on sexuality, that effectively improve sexual competence. Therefore, in the current study the effectiveness of "Love is…", a four lesson school-based program based on the Sexual Interactional Competence model and Attitude-Social-Influence-Self-Efficacy-model was studied. A cluster-randomized controlled trial on the effectiveness of "Love is…" was conducted in 2018-2020. The sample consisted of 1160 adolescents in grades 8 and 9 from nine schools in the Netherlands. The sample was 48% female, 34% Dutch/Caucasian, 41% none-religious and 50% higher educated. They were randomized at class level into a program group [n = 32 classes; 567 students (Mage = 13.74 (SD = 0.74))] and a control group [n = 31 classes; 593 students (Mage = 13.86 (SD = 0.73))]. Results showed that "Love is…" increased sexual knowledge, that adolescents in the program group showed less cyber victim blaming attitudes and increased in communications skills after the program. In conclusion, the current study shows that "Love is…" was effective not only on the knowledge level, but also regarding sexual attitudes and competences. However, due to the developmental process of sexuality, there is a necessity to continue lessons in following grades through booster sessions by reinforcing competences as communicating comfortably about sexuality.On 12 November 2019 the study design and hypotheses were registered in the Dutch Trial Registration, number NL8150. ( https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/26676 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Versloot-Swildens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - H de Graaf
- Rutgers, Dutch Centre of Expertise on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J W R Twisk
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L M C Nauta-Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Luehring-Jones P, Fulford D, Palfai TP, Simons JS, Maisto SA. Alcohol, Sexual Arousal, and Partner Familiarity as Predictors of Condom Negotiation: An Experience Sampling Study. AIDS Behav 2024; 28:854-867. [PMID: 37751109 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-023-04189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
Numerous contextual factors contribute to risky sexual decision-making among men who have sex with men (MSM), with experimental laboratory-based studies suggesting that alcohol consumption, sexual arousal, and partner familiarity have the potential to impact condom negotiations during sexual encounters. The purpose of the current study was to extend this line of inquiry outside of the laboratory and into the everyday lives of MSM. We collected six weeks of daily data on alcohol consumption and sexual behaviors from 257 moderate- and heavy-drinking MSM to examine the within- and between-subjects effects of alcohol consumption, average daily sexual arousal, and partner familiarity on condom negotiation processes during sexual encounters. We hypothesized that alcohol consumption, higher levels of average daily sexual arousal, and greater partner familiarity would all contribute to a reduced likelihood of condom negotiation prior to sexual activity, and that they would also affect the difficulty of negotiations. Contrary to hypotheses, none of these three predictors had significant within-subjects effects on condom negotiation outcomes. However, partner familiarity and average daily sexual arousal did exert significant between-subjects effects on the incidence of negotiation and negotiation difficulty. These findings have important implications for risk-reduction strategies in this population. They also highlight the challenges of reconciling results from experimental laboratory research and experience sampling conducted outside of the laboratory on sexual risk behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luehring-Jones
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Daniel Fulford
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tibor P Palfai
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Simons
- Department of Psychology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD, USA
| | - Stephen A Maisto
- Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Núñez I, Piñeirúa-Menéndez A, Valdés-Ferrer SI. Retiring the term AIDS for more descriptive language. Lancet HIV 2024; 11:e195-e198. [PMID: 38417978 DOI: 10.1016/s2352-3018(23)00331-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
The term acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was coined to describe a condition marked by weakened cell-mediated immunity in the absence of a clear cause. Due to unfortunate messaging during the early days of the HIV epidemic, this term became loaded with stigma. After the discovery of HIV, the term AIDS became redundant, but its use has persisted and has come to embody negative connotations in the current landscape of the HIV epidemic. People commonly associate AIDS with a terminal illness. This misconception promotes stigma by others, including health-care workers, but also self-stigma, which can prevent individuals from accessing health care. Also, the link between AIDS and gay men generated during the early epidemic with use of the term gay-related immune disorder is misleading regarding which populations are at risk, which can delay diagnosis. The use of the term AIDS is now discouraged by several professional associations, some of which ironically have the word as part of their name. Ending use of the term AIDS would not eradicate stigma. However, this term has outlasted its usefulness, and we should transition towards more descriptive language that aligns with contemporary challenges in HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Núñez
- Department of Medical Education, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Division of Postgraduate Studies, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Sergio Iván Valdés-Ferrer
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico; Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Kim S, Gollwitzer PM, Oettingen G. Mental contrasting of a negative future facilitates COVID-19 preventative behaviors: two randomized controlled trials. Psychol Health 2024; 39:1-23. [PMID: 35410548 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present research examined whether mentally contrasting a negative, feared future (i.e., infection with the Coronavirus) with a still positive reality can promote preventative actions in the context of the pandemic. Design: In two randomized controlled trials, we varied participants' mode of thought (mental contrasting of a negative future with a positive reality versus fantasizing of a negative future). Study 2 took into account the interpersonal nature of the pandemic and manipulated the mode of thought in a vicarious manner (vicarious mental contrasting versus vicarious negative fantasizing). Main Outcome Measures: After the manipulation, we assessed participants' intentions to learn about COVID-19 (Study 1) and attention to COVID-19 information (Study 1 and 2). Three days later, we measured the amount of physical distancing (Study 1 and 2). Results: Study 1 found that mental contrasting leads to more COVID-19 preventative behaviors than mere negative fantasizing. In Study 2, we observed that vicarious mental contrasting facilitates physical distancing among people who initially showed low compliance with COVID-19 preventative behaviors and thus were in most need of a boost in preventative behavior. Conclusion: The findings suggest that mental contrasting of negative fantasies may be an effective way to encourage COVID-19 preventative behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- SunYoung Kim
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
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Eslami AA, Ebrahimi Z, Rahimi M, Fathian-Dastjerdi Z, Bagherikholenjani F. Family-based interventions in youth to prevent HIV/AIDS: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2023; 12:412. [PMID: 38333157 PMCID: PMC10852181 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1419_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Parents are primary sex educators of their teenagers and also function as resources for advice and information about sexual decision-making and partner selection. So far, various family-based programs were carried out to prevent HIV infection in young people; however, their findings are contradictory and inconclusive. Therefore, we carried out the current systematic review to critically review the available literature regarding the role of family-based interventions among young people to prevent HIV infection. The available online databases including ISI Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed were searched systematically up to November 2022. The risk of bias in the eligible studies was examined by two independent authors using the Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A total of 7 studies including 4952 participants were enrolled in the current study. They were conducted between 2006 and 2020. On the basis of the available literature, family-based HIV prevention interventions seem to be effective in terms of improving HIV/AIDS knowledge and also parent-youth communication. It seems that family-based interventions in youth to prevent HIV/AIDS are effective; however, further well-designed studies are needed to help the researchers reach a firm conclusion on this issue. The current systematic review may be used by investigators for future studies in terms of settings and the selection of educational approaches. Moreover, it strongly suggested that further studies investigating the role of family-based education in the prevention of HIV/AIDS utilize more sample size and also a more robust educational framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ali Eslami
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Ebrahimi
- Ph.D. Candidate, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Rahimi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohre Fathian-Dastjerdi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Bagherikholenjani
- Ph.D. Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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12
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Chan MPS, Liu S, White B, Zhang A, Zhou Y, Leung M, Dai W, Liu X, Durantini M, Ye Q, Palmese L, O’Keefe D, Albarracín D. The impact of multiple-behavior HIV interventions as a function of regional disadvantages: An analysis of syndemics. J Consult Clin Psychol 2023; 91:574-595. [PMID: 37410398 PMCID: PMC10527151 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disadvantaged populations, including inhabitants of developing countries as well as racial/ethnic and sexual minorities in the United States, are disproportionally burdened by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, delayed HIV diagnosis, and unfavorable HIV-treatment outcomes. HIV interventions targeting single behaviors (e.g., testing) in these populations have shown to be efficacious at producing behavioral and clinical change but have been unable to eliminate the social health disparities associated with syndemics (i.e., a set of connected risks, interacting synergistically, and contributing to excess burden of disease in a population). METHOD This meta-analysis of 331 reports (clusters; number of effect sizes [k] = 1,364) assessed whether multiple-behavior interventions that target clusters of syndemic risks are more efficacious for those in disadvantaged regions and social groups. RESULTS Across the board, multiple-behavior interventions were more efficacious than single-behavior ones as well as passive control groups among samples from countries with lower log gross domestic product (GDP), lower Human Development Index (HDI), and lower Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index. CONCLUSIONS Within the United States, the efficacy of multiple-behavior interventions was similar across different levels of representation of racial/ethnic and sexual minorities. The analyses used robust variance estimation with small-sample corrections to assess the differential effects of multiple-behavior interventions and Egger Sandwich test with the multilevel meta-analysis approach to detect selection biases. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-pui Sally Chan
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Sicong Liu
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | | | - Angela Zhang
- Department of Psychology and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Yubo Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Melody Leung
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Wenhao Dai
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois
| | - Marta Durantini
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Qijia Ye
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Lidia Palmese
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Devlin O’Keefe
- Annenberg School of Communication and Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Dolores Albarracín
- Annenberg School of Communication, Department of Family and Community Health, and Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania
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13
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Norr KF, Banda CK, Chang C, Krishna S, Kumbani LC, Liu L, McCreary LL, Patil CL. Condom use increased after a peer group intervention implemented by community volunteers in Malawi. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3120974. [PMID: 37461672 PMCID: PMC10350185 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3120974/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Background HIV prevention remains a global priority, especially in sub-Saharan Africa. Our research team previously developed an evidence-based peer group program for HIV prevention called Mzake ndi Mzake (Friend to Friend). A community-engaged collaboration adapted the program for community ownership and implementation. Here we report whether this HIV prevention program, implemented by community volunteers, increased condom use among sexually active individuals in rural Malawi. Methods Three communities sequentially rolled out the program. Effectiveness was evaluated using repeated surveys. At Time 1, no community had offered the intervention. At Time 2, the first community had offered the intervention and two had not (control group). At Time 3, two communities had offered the intervention and one had not (control group). We used two condom use indicators; condom use frequency in the last 2 months (N = 776) and condom use at last sex (N = 880). For each indicator, the sample included all sexually active persons answering that question at one or more time points. Regression analyses were used to model the two condom indicators over time, controlling for demographic factors, UNAIDS HIV knowledge, safer sex self-efficacy and partner communication. Results This peer group intervention implemented by trained community volunteers increased both condom use indicators at Times 2 and 3. In the final regression models. Other predictors of greater condom use for at least one condom use indicator included younger age group (13-19), male gender, not married/cohabiting, high involvement in religiously affiliated activities, higher safer sex self-efficacy, and greater partner communication. Although the intervention increased UNAIDS HIV knowledge, knowledge did not predict condom use. Conclusions This community engaged implementation study found that an evidence-based peer group program for HIV prevention increased condom use when delivered by trained community volunteers. Leveraging community strengths and human capital resources facilitated implementation of this effective HIV prevention program in rural Malawi. Community ownership and program delivery by trained local volunteers offers an innovative and cost-effective strategy to address ongoing HIV prevention needs without overburdening heathcare systems in sub. Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02765659 Registered May 6, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cecilia Chang
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago
| | | | | | - Li Liu
- School of Public Health, University of Illinois Chicago
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14
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Levy E, Warner LM, Fleig L, Kaufman MR, Gidron Y. Associations Between Implicit and Explicit Condom Use Measures With Condom Use Barriers: Relationships Make A Difference. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231164334. [PMID: 36927133 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231164334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between explicit and implicit psychological measures might be affected by the similarity of the assessment method and by the overlap of the components of the constructs being assessed. This study examined the association between condom use barriers and explicit and implicit measurements of condom use and the moderating role of sexual intercourse in these associations. DESIGN This was a cross sectional correlational study. An analysis of baseline data from a randomized controlled trial including 149 university students was included. MAIN MEASURES These included a questionnaire assessing condom use barriers, an implicit condom use test (a structured semi-projective test), and an explicit condom use question. Hierarchical regressions and correlations were examined in the full sample and by groups of participants with and without sexual intercourse. RESULTS In those without sexual intercourse, all barriers sub-scales were significantly and negatively correlated with implicit condom use and unrelated to explicit condom use. In contrast, among those engaged in sexual intercourse, barriers were significantly and negatively correlated with the explicit condom use measure, and only barriers concerning partner and motivation correlated with implicit condom use tendencies. CONCLUSION Having a sexual partner plays a major role in the relations between barriers and implicit and explicit condom use measures. The pattern of the results is discussed in relation to cognitive and social factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einav Levy
- Department of Social Work, Ringgold: 54625Tel Hai College, Qiryat Shemona, Israel.,The Israeli School of Humanitarian Action, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lisa M Warner
- Department of Psychology, Ringgold: 381458MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Fleig
- Department of Psychology, Ringgold: 381458MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle R Kaufman
- Blomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior & Society, Ringgold: 25802Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yori Gidron
- Department of Nursing, Ringgold: 26748Haifa University, Haifa, Israel
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15
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Kajka N, Karakuła-Juchnowicz H, Kulik A, Szewczyk P, Hryniewicz K. Stuck in a Rut of Thought-That Is Just a Barrier: Dysfunctional Metacognitive Beliefs, Limitation on Individual Freedom and Well-Being of Adolescents during COVID-19 Lockdown. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5151. [PMID: 36982060 PMCID: PMC10049271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the cross-sectional study was to conduct an exploratory analysis of identifying factors related to mood, metacognitive beliefs, and limitation on individual freedom associated with lockdown restrictions during COVID-19, and to determine whether they may be relevant to the deteriorating well-being of adolescents. METHODS A total of 387 adolescents (M = 15.37; SD = 1.62): 85 with depression (DG) and 302 without any psychiatric diagnosis group (WPDG) were examined using the health survey and the CDI-2 questionnaire to assess the symptoms and severity of depression and MCQ-A to measure the intensity of dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs. RESULTS The feeling of restriction of freedom had an influence on worsened well-being in the whole group of responders OR = 4.15; p < 0.001 but was more in the DG than the WPDG (OR = 20.00; p < 0.001 vs. OR = 4.77; p < 0.001). Positive metacognitive beliefs were related to well-being (DG), but no effect was observed in the WPDG (OR = 0.88; p < 0.05 vs. OR = 1.05; p = 0.136). The lower age of the WPDG negatively impacted well-being (OR = 1.20; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs and the feeling of restriction of freedom are important in the deterioration of adolescents' well-being, but these factors have a stronger impact on well-being in the DG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kajka
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Gluska St., 20-439 Lublin, Poland
| | - Hanna Karakuła-Juchnowicz
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Gluska St., 20-439 Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kulik
- The Department of Psychotherapy and Health Psychology, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Paweł Szewczyk
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Gluska St., 20-439 Lublin, Poland
| | - Konrad Hryniewicz
- Department of Marketing and Quantitative Methods, Faculty of Management and Quality Science, Gdynia Maritime University, 81-87 Morska St., 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
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16
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Merkouris SS, Rodda SN, Aarsman SR, Hodgins DC, Dowling NA. Effective behaviour change techniques for family and close friends: A systematic review and meta-analysis across the addictions. Clin Psychol Rev 2023; 100:102251. [PMID: 36716584 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2023.102251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to determine whether the use of specific behaviour change technique (BCT) groups are associated with greater effectiveness for psychosocial interventions delivered to family and close friends (FCFs) impacted by addiction. A systematic search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published until August 2021 identified 32 studies in 38 articles. An established BCT taxonomy (93 BCTs clustered into 16 groups) was adapted (inclusion of seven additional BCT groups) and applied to 57 interventions. The meta-analyses indicated that some, but not all, FCF outcomes were improved by the exclusion of BCTs within several groups (Reward and Threat, Scheduled Consequences, Confrontation of the Addicted Person to Engage in Treatment, and Goals and Planning) and inclusion of BCTs within the Restoring a Balanced Lifestyle group. Addicted person outcomes were improved by the inclusion of some BCTs within several groups (Repetition and Substitution, Reward and Threat, Scheduled Consequences, and Restoring a Balanced Lifestyle). Relationship functioning outcomes were improved by the inclusion of BCTs within the Confrontation of the Addicted Person to Engage in Treatment group. Future research involving the development and evaluation of numerous interventions or comprehensive multi-component interventions that can address the various needs of FCFs, without counteracting them, is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Merkouris
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia.
| | - S N Rodda
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - S R Aarsman
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia
| | - D C Hodgins
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - N A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220, Australia; Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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17
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Mladenović D, Jirásek M, Ondráček T, Opatrná Z, Štangová R. The influence of social conformity on mask-wearing behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14496. [PMID: 36942240 PMCID: PMC10008044 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic, in addition to vaccination, health authorities have strongly advocated the wearing of face masks as a crucial measure in combating the virus. Nevertheless, the recommendation or legal requirement to wear a face mask is no guarantee of adherence to the rules. A person's decision to wear a mask may also be based on their beliefs and is likely to be influenced by their observation of the mask-wearing behavior of other people. This study aims to explore the role of conformity on the wearing of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given that there is little evidence on how the mask-wearing behavior of others and demographic factors affect people's decisions to wear face masks in public settings, we performed a large-scale observational study in the Czech Republic during a period of rapidly increasing COVID-19 related cases and deaths. We observed a total of 1753 customers and 472 employees in 67 highly frequented shopping venues. The data were collected by trained observers and analyzed using multilevel logistic regression modeling. The results indicate that the mask-wearing behavior of new customers was influenced by the proportion of other customers wearing masks and the behavior differed according to the demographics of age and sex. A notable finding was that the greater the presence of customers wearing masks in a store, the lower the propensity of new visitors to wear masks. Which may be evidence of problematic free-riding behavior. These findings therefore have policy implications and can aid the formulation of specific (communication) strategies to promote mask-wearing behavior.
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18
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Mehari KR, Jeffrey A, Chastang CM, Blanton M, Currier JM. Impact of a participatory action approach to virtue promotion among early adolescents. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2023.2169628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Krista R. Mehari
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anne Jeffrey
- Department of Philosophy, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - C. Marie Chastang
- Department of Community Enrichment, United Methodist Inner City Mission, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Megan Blanton
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Joseph M. Currier
- Department of Psychology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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19
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Wolframm IA, Douglas J, Pearson G. Changing Hearts and Minds in the Equestrian World One Behaviour at a Time. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040748. [PMID: 36830535 PMCID: PMC9952075 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Equestrianism is currently facing a range of pressing challenges. These challenges, which are largely based on evolving attitudes to ethics and equine wellbeing, have consequences for the sport's social licence to operate. The factors that may have contributed to the current situation include overarching societal trends, specific aspects of the equestrian sector, and factors rooted in human nature. If equestrianism is to flourish, it is evident that much needs to change, not the least, human behaviour. To this end, using established behaviour change frameworks that have been scientifically validated and are rooted in practice-most notably, Michie et al.'s COM-B model and Behaviour Change Wheel-could be of practical value for developing and implementing equine welfare strategies. This review summarises the theoretical underpinnings of some behaviour change frameworks and provides a practical, step-by-step approach to designing an effective behaviour change intervention. A real-world example is provided through the retrospective analysis of an intervention strategy that aimed to increase the use of learning theory in (educational) veterinary practice. We contend that the incorporation of effective behaviour change interventions into any equine welfare improvement strategy may help to safeguard the future of equestrianism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga A. Wolframm
- Applied Research Centre, Van Hall Larenstein University of Applied Sciences, Larensteinselaan 26-A, 6882 CT Velp, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Janet Douglas
- World Horse Welfare, Anne Colvin House, Snetterton, Norwich NR16 2LR, UK
| | - Gemma Pearson
- The Horse Trust, Slad Lane, Princes Risborough, Buckinghamshire HP27 0PP, UK
- Easter Bush Campus, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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20
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Kumar S, Sharma B, Singh V. A multiscale modeling framework to study the interdependence of brain, behavior, and pandemic. NONLINEAR DYNAMICS 2023; 111:7729-7749. [PMID: 36710874 PMCID: PMC9857926 DOI: 10.1007/s11071-022-08204-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A major constraint of the behavioral epidemiological models is the assumption that human behavior is static; however, it is highly dynamic, especially in uncertain circumstances during a pandemic. To incorporate the dynamicity of human nature in the existing epidemiological models, we propose a population-wide multi-time-scale theoretical framework that assimilates neuronal plasticity as the basis of altering human emotions and behavior. For that, variable connection weights between different brain regions and their firing frequencies are coupled with a compartmental susceptible-infected-recovered model to incorporate the intrinsic dynamicity in the contact transmission rate ( β ). As an illustration, a model of fear conditioning in conjunction with awareness campaigns is developed and simulated. Results indicate that in the presence of fear conditioning, there exists an optimum duration of daily broadcast time during which awareness campaigns are most effective in mitigating the pandemic. Further, global sensitivity analysis using the Morris method highlighted that the learning rate and firing frequency of the unconditioned circuit are crucial regulators in modulating the emergent pandemic waves. The present study makes a case for incorporating neuronal dynamics as a basis of behavioral immune response and has further implications in designing awareness campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spandan Kumar
- School of Social Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, 110068 India
- National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development, New Delhi, 110016 India
| | - Bhanu Sharma
- Department of Biophysics, South Campus, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021 India
| | - Vikram Singh
- Centre for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Kangra, Himachal Pradesh 176215 India
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21
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Borges AP, Vieira E, Rodrigues P, Sousa A. Influence of COVID-19 on online shopping behaviour, leisure and socialisation. MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: JOURNAL OF THE IBEROAMERICAN ACADEMY OF MANAGEMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1108/mrjiam-09-2021-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to analyse the effect of health risk perceptions on the degree of decisiveness of a person towards e-commerce (e-commerce acceptance), self-awareness towards leisure and self-awareness towards socialisation in pandemic contexts. The identified gap was related to the COVID-19 pandemic, where the development of studies inherent to this context is becoming urgent. Thus, it was necessary to understand how the health risks perceived by individuals influenced their choice regarding online shopping and, simultaneously, socialising and leisure activities.
Design/methodology/approach
To reach this goal, a conceptual model was developed based on the self-determination theory, and data were collected from two countries (Portugal and Croatia). The model was estimated using the structural equation modelling (SEM).
Findings
The results showed that the perceptions regarding health risks have a positive effect on the degree of decisiveness of a person towards e-commerce acceptance and self-awareness towards socialisation. In turn, the perceptions of health risks have a positive effect on self-awareness towards leisure, not supporting the model conceptualisation.
Originality/value
The paper contributes to fill a gap in literature by analysing the simultaneous effect of individuals’ e-commerce motivations for leisure and socialising activities within a pandemic context. These results have significant managerial implications for several stakeholders that must communicate to the specific public regarding this type of events.
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22
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Derreumaux Y, Shamsian K, Hughes BL. Computational underpinnings of partisan information processing biases and associations with depth of cognitive reasoning. Cognition 2023; 230:105304. [PMID: 36240612 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite unprecedented access to information, partisans increasingly disagree about basic facts that are backed by data, posing a serious threat to a democracy that relies on finding common ground based on objective truths. We examine the underpinnings of this phenomenon using drift diffusion modeling (DDM). Partisans (N = 148) completed a sequential sampling task where they evaluated the honesty of Democrat or Republican politicians during a debate based on fact-check scores. We found that partisans required less and weaker evidence to correctly categorize the ingroup as more honest, and were more accurate on trials when the ingroup candidate was more honest, compared to the outgroup. DDM revealed that such tendencies arise from both a prior preference for categorizing the ingroup as more honest (i.e., biased starting point) and more precise accumulation of information favoring the ingroup candidate compared to the outgroup (i.e., biased drift rate). Moreover, individual differences in cognitive reasoning moderated task performance for the most devoted partisans and maintained divergent associations with the DDM parameters. This suggests that partisans may reach biased conclusions via different pathways depending on their depth of cognitive reasoning. These findings provide key insights into the mechanisms driving partisan divides in polarized environments, and can inform interventions that reduce impasse and conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yrian Derreumaux
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Kimia Shamsian
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Brent L Hughes
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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23
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Continuing Medical Education Improves Physician Communication Skills and Increases Likelihood of Pediatric Vaccination: Findings from the Pediatric Influenza Vaccination Optimization Trial (PIVOT)-II. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 11:vaccines11010017. [PMID: 36679861 PMCID: PMC9861912 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of a continuing medical education (CME) program that emphasized actionable information, motivation to act, and skills to strengthen physician recommendations for seasonal influenza vaccination in children 6 through 23 months of age for whom influenza immunization rates are suboptimal. Physicians were randomly assigned to an accredited CME program or to no CME. Participants completed pre- and post-study questionnaires. Influenza immunization rates were compared between groups. A total of 33 physicians in the CME group and 35 in the control group documented 292 and 322 healthy baby visits, respectively. Significantly more parents immunized their children against influenza after interacting with CME-trained physicians than those with no CME training (52.9% vs. 40.7%; p = 0.007). The odds ratio for vaccination after visits with CME-trained physicians was 1.52 (95% confidence interval 1.09 to 2.12; p = 0.014), which was unaffected by the socioeconomic status of parents. Parents who discussed influenza vaccination with CME-trained physicians were 20% more likely to choose an approved but publicly unfunded adjuvanted pediatric influenza vaccine. The percentages of physicians reporting the highest levels of knowledge, ability, and confidence doubled or tripled after the CME intervention. Significantly more parents immunized very young children after interacting with physicians who had undergone CME training.
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24
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Orr CA, Gordon R. Using Health Behavior Theory to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Scoping Review of Communication and Messaging Interventions. THE AMERICAN BEHAVIORAL SCIENTIST 2022:00027642221138274. [PMCID: PMC9703017 DOI: 10.1177/00027642221138274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy has been among the most vexing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, ultimately leading to maladaptive health behaviors such as vaccine delay and refusal. A variety of approaches have been employed to address this problem, including communication and messaging interventions targeting the underlying determinants of vaccine hesitancy. However, there exists no published evidence synthesis examining how such interventions are using health behavior theory to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of health communication and messaging interventions aimed at addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and to systematically evaluate the use of health behavior theory in the design of these interventions. The review followed a five-step iterative framework proposed by Levac and colleagues. Comprehensive searches using an exhaustive list of keyword combinations were used across three online databases to identify articles to screen for inclusion. A structured, validated coding scheme was then applied to assess the use of health behavior theory. Additional study data were extracted using a separate structured form. A total of 36 articles published between January 2020 and February 2022 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Ten studies (27.7%) did not mention or use health behavior theory at all. Most studies (n = 26) at least mentioned theory or theory-relevant constructs, with 26 different theories and 52 different theoretical constructs represented in the sample. Although theory and theoretical determinants of vaccination behavior were often mentioned, few studies used theory to specify and target causal pathways of behavior change, and only one study targeted misinformation as a determinant of vaccine hesitancy. The findings from this review provide critical insight into the state of theory-based intervention design and point to significant gaps in the literature to prioritize in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A. Orr
- Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security (ARLIS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ruthanna Gordon
- Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security (ARLIS), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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25
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Prasch JE, Neelim A, Carbon CC, Schoormans JPL, Blijlevens J. An application of the dual identity model and active categorization to increase intercultural closeness. Front Psychol 2022; 13:705858. [PMID: 36176780 PMCID: PMC9514141 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.705858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of social inclusion is a key to maintaining cohesion in society and to foster the benefits of cultural diversity. Using insights from the Dual Identity Model (DIM) with a special focus on active categorization, we develop an intervention to increase social inclusion. Our intervention encourages the participants to (re-)categorize on a superordinate level (i.e., a human identity) while being exposed to their own culture. Across a set of experiments, we test the efficacy of our intervention against control conditions on the effect of social inclusion, measured by perceived social distance. Results show an increase in cultural closeness and provide preliminary support for the use of a DIM-based intervention to increase intercultural inclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna E. Prasch
- Behavioural Business Lab, School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Johanna E. Prasch,
| | - Ananta Neelim
- Tasmanian School of Business and Economics, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, TAS, Australia
| | - Claus-Christian Carbon
- Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany
- Bamberg Graduate School of Affective and Cognitive Sciences (BaGrACS), Bamberg, Germany
| | - Jan P. L. Schoormans
- Department of Design, Organisation and Strategy, Faculty of Industrial Design Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Janneke Blijlevens
- Behavioural Business Lab, School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Liang W, Duan Y, Li F, Rhodes RE, Wang X, Peiris DLIHK, Zhou L, Shang B, Yang Y, Baker JS, Jiao J, Han W. Psychosocial Determinants of Hand Hygiene, Facemask Wearing, and Physical Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ann Behav Med 2022; 56:1174-1187. [PMID: 36074717 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hand hygiene, facemask wearing, and physical distancing play a crucial role in the prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying the key psychosocial determinants of these precautionary behaviors contributes to effective intervention and policymaking for COVID-19 and future pandemics. PURPOSE This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze available evidence on psychosocial determinants of the general population's practice of three precautionary behaviors, based on the Risk, Attitudes, Norms, Abilities, and Self-regulation (RANAS) framework. METHODS Literature was identified by searching seven databases and relevant review papers. Observational and experimental studies targeting the general population (≥18 years) published between January 2020 to September 2021 were included. Pooled effect sizes were calculated with the inverse-variance method using random-effects models. RESULTS A total of 51 studies (64 samples) were included in the qualitative synthesis, of which 30 studies (42 samples) were included in the meta-analysis. RANAS-based constructs including knowledge, pros attitudes, and perceived norms were identified as significant determinants of all three behaviors in the meta-analysis. Perceived susceptibility and cons attitudes showed no significant associations with any behaviors. Perceived severity, perceived control, self-efficacy, and behavioral intention were significantly associated with one or two behaviors. Country (western vs. eastern hemispheres) significantly moderated the effects of certain risk and ability factors. CONCLUSIONS More research is needed with respect to the intention-behavior relationship, self-regulatory and reflexive factors of precautionary behaviors, as well as the exploration of the potential moderating effect of sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- School of Competitive Sport, Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China.,Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanping Duan
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, the Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Lin Zhou
- Lab of Measurement and Evaluation in Health Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Hebei, China
| | - Borui Shang
- Department of Social Sciences, Hebei Sport University, Hebei, China
| | - Yide Yang
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Hunan, China
| | - Julien S Baker
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiao Jiao
- Center for Health and Exercise Science Research, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Han
- School of Competitive Sport, Shandong Sport University, Shandong, China
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de Wit JBF, Adam PCG, den Daas C, Jonas K. Sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviours: health impact, prevalence, correlates, and interventions. Psychol Health 2022; 38:675-700. [PMID: 35748408 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2090560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain a major public health threat, disproportionately affecting young people, and men who have sex with men. In this narrative review of the current state of behavioural science research on STI prevention, we consider the definition, health impacts, correlates and determinants, and interventions to promote STI prevention behaviour. Research on STI prevention behaviour has extended from a focus on abstinence, partner reduction and condom use, to also include novel preventive behaviours, notably treatment-as-prevention, pre-exposure prophylaxis (i.e., the preventive use of medicines by uninfected people), and vaccination for some STIs. Social-cognitive factors specified by, for instance the theory of planned behaviour, are critical proximal determinants of STI prevention behaviours, and related interventions can effectively promote STI prevention behaviours. Social-ecological perspectives highlight that individual-level determinants are embedded in more distal environmental influences, with social stigma especially affecting STI prevention behaviours and requiring effective intervention. Further to providing a major domain of application, STI prevention also poses critical challenges and opportunities for health psychology theory and research. We identify a need for health behaviour theory that addresses the processes linking multiple levels of influence on behaviour and provides practical guidance for multi-level behaviour change interventions adapted to specific contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. F. de Wit
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
| | - Philippe C. G. Adam
- Centre for Social Research in Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia
- Institute for Prevention and Social Research, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chantal den Daas
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Kai Jonas
- Department of Work and Social Psychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Hatch MA, Wells EA, Masters T, Beadnell B, Harwick R, Wright L, Peavy M, Ricardo-Bulis E, Wiest K, Shriver C, Baer JS. A randomized clinical trial evaluating the impact of counselor training and patient feedback on substance use disorder patients' sexual risk behavior. J Subst Abuse Treat 2022; 140:108826. [PMID: 35751944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2022.108826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High risk sex-such as sex with multiple partners, condomless sex, or transactional or commercial sex-is a risk factor in individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). SUD treatment can reduce sexual risk behavior, but interventions to reduce such behavior in this context have not been consistently effective. This study sought to determine if the impact of treatment on sexual risk behavior can be increased. METHODS In a nested 2 × 2 factorial repeated measures design, we examined outcomes of two interventions: training for counselors in talking to patients about sexual risk; and availability to both counselors and patients of a personalized feedback report based on patient self-report of sexual behavior. Counselors received either a brief, information-based, Basic Training, or a multi-session, skills-based Enhanced Training. Their patients completed an audio-assisted computerized assessment of sexual behavior and received either No Feedback or a Personalized Feedback Report (PFR). Four hundred seventy six patients participated. Patient follow-up occurred 3- and 6-months postbaseline. Primary patient outcome measures were Number of Unsafe Sex Occasions (USO) and whether patients reported talking about sex in counseling sessions (Discussed Sex), both in the past 90 days. Secondary outcomes included Number of Sexual Partners, Sex Under the Influence of Substances, and Perceived Condom Barriers. RESULTS Patients of Enhanced-condition counselors compared to those of Basic-condition counselors were more likely to report talking about sex with their counselor at 6-month follow-up. Personalized feedback also increased the likelihood of reporting counselor discussions at 6-month follow-up. Neither the training nor the feedback condition affected USO, Number of Partners, or Sex Under the Influence. DISCUSSION We discuss why these two interventions apparently altered counselor-patient communication about sexual risk behavior without affecting the behavior itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary A Hatch
- University of Washington Addictions Drug & Alcohol Institute, 1107 NE 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, United States; University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - Elizabeth A Wells
- Emeritus, University of Washington School of Social Work, 4101 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Tatiana Masters
- University of Washington Addictions Drug & Alcohol Institute, 1107 NE 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Blair Beadnell
- University of Washington Addictions Drug & Alcohol Institute, 1107 NE 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Robin Harwick
- University of Washington Addictions Drug & Alcohol Institute, 1107 NE 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Lynette Wright
- University of Washington Addictions Drug & Alcohol Institute, 1107 NE 45th St., Suite 120, Seattle, WA 98105, United States
| | - Michelle Peavy
- Evergreen Treatment Services, 1700 Airport Way South, Seattle, WA 98134, United States
| | - Esther Ricardo-Bulis
- Evergreen Treatment Services, 1700 Airport Way South, Seattle, WA 98134, United States
| | - Katerina Wiest
- CODA, Inc., 1027 E. Burnside St., Portland, OR 97214, United States
| | - Carrie Shriver
- Evergreen Treatment Services, 1700 Airport Way South, Seattle, WA 98134, United States
| | - John S Baer
- University of Washington Department of Psychology, Guthrie Hall, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, United States
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Increasing Condom Use and STI Testing: Creating a Behaviourally Informed Sexual Healthcare Campaign Using the COM-B Model of Behaviour Change. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12040108. [PMID: 35447680 PMCID: PMC9029660 DOI: 10.3390/bs12040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are a major public health challenge. Although theoretically informed public health campaigns are more effective for changing behaviour, there is little evidence of their use when campaigns are commissioned to the commercial sector. This study describes the implementation of the COM-B model to a sexual health campaign that brought together expertise from academics, sexual healthcare, and marketing and creative professionals. Insights were gathered following a review of the relevant academic literature. Barriers and facilitators to condom use and STI testing were explored with the use of the COM-B model and the Behaviour Change Wheel in a workshop attended by academics, behavioural scientists, healthcare experts and creative designers. Feedback on the creative execution of the campaign was obtained from healthcare experts and via surveys. Barriers to psychological capability, automatic and reflective motivation, and social opportunity were identified as targets for the campaign, and creative solutions to these barriers were collaboratively devised. The final sexual health campaign was rated positively in its ability to change attitudes and intentions regarding the use of condoms and STI testing. This study describes the implementation of the COM-B model of behaviour change to a public sexual health campaign that brought together academics, public and commercial sector expertise. The barriers and facilitators identified in this collaborative process represent potential targets for future public health communication campaigns.
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Scannell N, Moran L, Mantzioris E, Cowan S, Villani A. Efficacy, Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Hormonal, Metabolic and Anthropometric Measures in Overweight and Obese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Study Protocol. Metabolites 2022; 12:311. [PMID: 35448498 PMCID: PMC9029422 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12040311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine condition in reproductive-aged women associated with metabolic, reproductive and psychological features. Lifestyle modification (diet/physical activity) is considered first-line treatment for PCOS. However, there is limited high-quality evidence to support therapeutic dietary interventions for PCOS beyond general population-based healthy eating guidelines. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), with or without energy restriction, improves cardiometabolic health in populations including persons with or at high risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. However, there is limited research examining the MedDiet in PCOS. Therefore, this 12 week randomized controlled trial will investigate the efficacy of a MedDiet on cardiometabolic and hormonal parameters and explore its acceptability and feasibility in PCOS. Forty-two overweight and obese women with PCOS (aged 18-45 years) will be randomized to receive dietary advice consistent with Australian Dietary Guidelines or an ad libitum MedDiet intervention. All participants will receive fortnightly counselling to facilitate behaviour change. The primary outcomes will be changes in insulin resistance, glucose, total testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin. Secondary outcomes include changes in body weight and feasibility and acceptability of the MedDiet intervention. The results of this study will provide further evidence on specific dietary approaches for management of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Scannell
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia;
| | - Lisa Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Evangeline Mantzioris
- UniSA Clinical & Health Sciences, Alliance for Research in Nutrition, Exercise and Activity (ARENA), University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
| | - Stephanie Cowan
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation (MCHRI), School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia; (L.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Anthony Villani
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556, Australia;
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Maternal and health care workers' perspectives on exclusive breastfeeding in the context of maternal HIV infection, in Busia county, western Kenya: a mixed methods cross-sectional survey. Int Breastfeed J 2022; 17:17. [PMID: 35246178 PMCID: PMC8894571 DOI: 10.1186/s13006-022-00454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) for 6 months with maternal active antiretroviral therapy (ART) to prevent mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. However, EBF in low resource settings remains low. We explored perspectives of EBF by HIV-infected mothers and health care workers in Busia County with a high prevalence of HIV to understand factors influencing the practice. METHODS A mixed methods cross-sectional survey using concurrent quantitative and qualitative data collection methods was conducted at PMTCT clinics. Data on socio-demography, young infant feeding practices, maternal and infant health was collected between February 2013 and August 2015 from 371 purposively sampled HIV-infected mother-infant dyads using a semi-structured questionnaire. Focus group discussions with mothers, in-depth interviews and passive observation of health care workers during interaction with mothers were conducted. Significance of difference between mothers practicing EBF or not was tested by Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests setting significance level at 5%. Qualitative data was coded and content analyzed to generate themes. RESULTS Three hundred and forty-nine (94%) mothers practiced EBF. Maternal comprehension of EBF to PMTCT of HIV influenced choice and practice of EBF (P value = 0.019 and < 0.001 respectively). Health care workers emphasized adherence to ART and offered nutritional supplementation during EBF. Health care workers' nutritional counseling in the context of maternal HIV was poor. Mentor mothers shared their experiences with mothers and offered live case demonstrations of their successfully EBF, healthy and HIV-uninfected children. The main threats to EBF were teenage motherhood, low maternal education and working during EBF. CONCLUSIONS EBF among HIV-infected mothers in Busia County, Kenya was high. Health education and counselling by health care workers, maternal comprehension of ART adherence to PMTCT of HIV, nutritional supplementation and mentor mothers' peer counseling using live case demonstrations of HIV-uninfected EBF children promoted and sustained practice of EBF for 6 months. Teenage motherhood, low maternal education and having to work threatened EBF.
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Borek AJ, Santillo M, Wanat M, Butler CC, Tonkin-Crine S. How can behavioural science contribute to qualitative research on antimicrobial stewardship in primary care? JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022; 4:dlac007. [PMID: 35156031 PMCID: PMC8826758 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic use (and misuse) accelerates antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and addressing this complex problem necessitates behaviour change related to infection prevention and management and to antibiotic prescribing and use. As most antibiotic courses are prescribed in primary care, a key focus of antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is on changing behaviours outside of hospital. Behavioural science draws on behaviour change theories, techniques and methods developed in health psychology, and can be used to help understand and change behaviours related to AMR/AMS. Qualitative methodologies can be used together with a behavioural science approach to explore influences on behaviour and develop and evaluate behavioural interventions. This paper provides an overview of how the behavioural science approach, together with qualitative methods, can contribute and add value to AMS projects. First, it introduces and explains the relevance of the behavioural science approach to AMR/AMS. Second, it provides an overview of behaviour change 'tools': behaviour change theories/models, behavioural determinants and behaviour change techniques. Third, it explains how behavioural methods can be used to: (i) define a clinical problem in behavioural terms and identify behavioural influences; (ii) develop and implement behavioural AMS interventions; and (iii) evaluate them. These are illustrated with examples of using qualitative methods in AMS studies in primary care. Finally, the paper concludes by summarizing the main contributions of taking the behavioural science approach to qualitative AMS research in primary care and discussing the key implications and future directions for research and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra J. Borek
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Santillo
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marta Wanat
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher C. Butler
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Tonkin-Crine
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Bonnell LN, Obi N, Miller K, Hu S, Dellavalle R, Cockburn M. Intent to Change Sun-Protective Behaviors Among Hispanic People After a UV Photoaging Intervention: Cohort Study. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.2196/33339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Mortality rates from melanoma are higher among Hispanic populations than non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations. Interventions to improve sun safety are needed. The Reveal Imager is a camera that uses standard cross-polarized flash photography to record surface and subsurface skin conditions.
Objective
This study aims to determine the intervention’s effectiveness in increasing awareness of sun damage and exposure reduction between Hispanic and NHW populations.
Methods
A cohort of 322 participants, aged ≥18 years, were recruited from community events in 2018. Baseline information was collected on demographics, sun exposure, and perception of risk factors. A facial image was then captured using the Reveal Imager. The results were explained and counseling on sun safety was given, followed by filling out an immediate postimage survey. Chi-square tests, analysis of variance, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, McNemar tests, and multivariable logistic regression were used.
Results
At follow-up, 125 of 141 (89%) Hispanic participants reported that viewing the UV photoaged image influenced intent-to-change sun protection behaviors, compared to 88 of 121 (73%) NHW participants (odds ratio 2.9, 95% CI 1.5-5.6). Of 141 Hispanic participants, 96 (68%) reported that they intended to increase sunscreen use, compared to only 41 of 121 (34%) NHW participants (P<.001).
Conclusions
We demonstrated an application of Reveal Imager for education and risk assessment. The Reveal Imager was especially helpful in motivating intention to change sun exposure among Hispanic populations.
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Krämer LV, Mueller-Weinitschke C, Zeiss T, Baumeister H, Ebert DD, Bengel J. Effectiveness of a web-based behavioural activation intervention for individuals with depression based on the Health Action Process Approach: protocol for a randomised controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054775. [PMID: 35074820 PMCID: PMC8788228 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Behavioural activation is a highly effective treatment for depression. However, there is considerable heterogeneity of interventions grouped under the term 'behavioural activation'. A main reason for the heterogeneity is the lack of a unified theory in the intervention development: few of the established intervention manuals give a theoretical rationale for their intervention techniques. For the first time, this study will examine the effectiveness of a theory-based behavioural activation intervention (InterAKTIV) based on the Health Action Process Approach. The intervention is implemented online to ensure broad dissemination and standardisation. METHODS AND ANALYSIS In a two-arm randomised controlled trial, the effectiveness of a guided web-based behavioural activation intervention for people with depression will be evaluated. Participants are recruited via the print and online media of a large German healthcare insurance company. Individuals (age 18-65), who meet criteria for major depressive episode in a clinical interview and no exclusion criteria are eligible for inclusion. A target sample of 128 participants is randomly allocated to either the intervention group (immediate access to InterAKTIV) or treatment as usual (access after follow-up assessment). The primary outcome of depressive symptom severity (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Clinician Rating) and secondary outcomes, including behavioural activation, physical activity and motivational and volitional outcomes are assessed at baseline, post treatment and 6-month follow-up. Data will be analysed on an intention-to-treat basis with additional per-protocol analyses. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial is approved by the ethics committee of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg (no.: 20-1045). All participants are required to submit their informed consent online before study inclusion. The results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER This trial was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS): DRKS00024349 (date of registration: 29 January 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Violetta Krämer
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Claudia Mueller-Weinitschke
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Tina Zeiss
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Harald Baumeister
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology and Education, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - David Daniel Ebert
- Department for Sport and Health Sciences, Chair for Psychology and Digital Mental Health Care, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bengel
- Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Onukwugha FI, Smith L, Kaseje D, Wafula C, Kaseje M, Orton B, Hayter M, Magadi M. The effectiveness and characteristics of mHealth interventions to increase adolescent's use of Sexual and Reproductive Health services in Sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261973. [PMID: 35061757 PMCID: PMC8782484 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND mHealth innovations have been proposed as an effective solution to improving adolescent access to and use of Sexual and Reproductive Health (SRH) services; particularly in regions with deeply entrenched traditional social norms. However, research demonstrating the effectiveness and theoretical basis of the interventions is lacking. AIM Our aim was to describe mHealth intervention components, assesses their effectiveness, acceptability, and cost in improving adolescent's uptake of SRH services in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS This paper is based on a systematic review. Twenty bibliographic databases and repositories including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL, were searched using pre-defined search terms. Of the 10, 990 records screened, only 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. The mERA checklist was used to critically assess the transparency and completeness in reporting of mHealth intervention studies. The behaviour change components of mHealth interventions were coded using the taxonomy of Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs). The protocol was registered in the 'International Prospective Register for Systematic Reviews' (PROSPERO-CRD42020179051). RESULTS The results showed that mHealth interventions were effective and improved adolescent's uptake of SRH services across a wide range of services. The evidence was strongest for contraceptive use. Interventions with two-way interactive functions and more behaviour change techniques embedded in the interventions improved adolescent uptake of SRH services to greater extent. Findings suggest that mHealth interventions promoting prevention or treatment adherence for HIV for individuals at risk of or living with HIV are acceptable to adolescents, and are feasible to deliver in SSA. Limited data from two studies reported interventions were inexpensive, however, none of the studies evaluated cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSION There is a need to develop mHealth interventions tailored for adolescents which are theoretically informed and incorporate effective behaviour change techniques. Such interventions, if low cost, have the potential to be a cost-effective means to improve the sexual and reproductive health outcomes in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franklin I. Onukwugha
- Institute for Clinical and Applied Health Research (ICAHR), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Lesley Smith
- Institute for Clinical and Applied Health Research (ICAHR), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Dan Kaseje
- Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development (TICH), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Charles Wafula
- Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development (TICH), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Margaret Kaseje
- Tropical Institute of Community Health and Development (TICH), Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Bev Orton
- Faculty of Arts, Culture and Education, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Hayter
- Faculty of Health, Psychology & Social Care, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Magadi
- Faculty of Arts, Culture and Education, University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
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Bel-Serrat S, Greene E, Mullee A, Murrin CM. Theoretical and practical approaches for dietary behavior change in urban socioeconomically disadvantaged adolescents: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1531-1557. [PMID: 35041005 PMCID: PMC9086747 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT There is limited evidence on strategies used to promote dietary behavior changes in socioeconomically disadvantaged urban adolescents and on their effectiveness. OBJECTIVE A synthesis of nutrition interventions used in this group of adolescents is provided in this systematic review. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and ERIC) were searched until November 2020 to identify relevant studies. DATA EXTRACTION Forty-six manuscripts (n = 38 intervention studies) met the inclusion criteria. Quality was assessed with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. A qualitative synthesis summarizing data on study characteristics was conducted. DATA ANALYSIS Studies were classified by intervention type as those focusing on hedonic determinants of dietary intake (n = 1), environmental changes to promote a specific dietary intake (n = 3), cognitive determinants (n = 29), and multicomponent strategies (n = 13). The social cognitive theory was the most applied theoretical framework, either alone or combined with other frameworks. Most of the intervention studies targeted multiple dietary outcomes, and success was not always reported for each. CONCLUSIONS Despite the heterogeneity of the studies and lack of combination of dietary outcomes into dietary scores or patterns to evaluate changes on the individuals' whole diets, long-term, theory-driven interventions targeting a single dietary factor seem promising in obtaining sustainable dietary behavior changes. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020188219.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Bel-Serrat
- S. Bel-Serrat, E. Greene, and C.M. Murrin are with the National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. A. Mullee is with the Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Ellen Greene
- S. Bel-Serrat, E. Greene, and C.M. Murrin are with the National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. A. Mullee is with the Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Amy Mullee
- S. Bel-Serrat, E. Greene, and C.M. Murrin are with the National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. A. Mullee is with the Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Celine M Murrin
- S. Bel-Serrat, E. Greene, and C.M. Murrin are with the National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. A. Mullee is with the Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, Sligo, Ireland
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Nash KL, van Putten I, Alexander KA, Bettiol S, Cvitanovic C, Farmery AK, Flies EJ, Ison S, Kelly R, Mackay M, Murray L, Norris K, Robinson LM, Scott J, Ward D, Vince J. Oceans and society: feedbacks between ocean and human health. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022. [PMID: 34366579 DOI: 10.22541/au.160166568.89566317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command and (out of) Control', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living and Connecting', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living and Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Karen A Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna K Farmery
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emily J Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sierra Ison
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lucy M Robinson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Delphi Ward
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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Nash KL, van Putten I, Alexander KA, Bettiol S, Cvitanovic C, Farmery AK, Flies EJ, Ison S, Kelly R, Mackay M, Murray L, Norris K, Robinson LM, Scott J, Ward D, Vince J. Oceans and society: feedbacks between ocean and human health. REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES 2022; 32:161-187. [PMID: 34366579 PMCID: PMC8335471 DOI: 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The concentration of human population along coastlines has far-reaching effects on ocean and societal health. The oceans provide benefits to humans such as food, coastal protection and improved mental well-being, but can also impact negatively via natural disasters. At the same time, humans influence ocean health, for example, via coastal development or through environmental stewardship. Given the strong feedbacks between ocean and human health there is a need to promote desirable interactions, while minimising undesirable interactions. To this end, we articulate two scenarios for 2030. First, Business-as-Usual, named 'Command and (out of) Control', focuses on the anticipated future based on our current trajectory. Second, a more sustainable scenario called 'Living and Connecting', emphasises the development of interactions between oceans and society consistent with achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. We describe a potential pathway to achieving the 'Living and Connecting' scenario, centred on improving marine citizenship, achieving a more equitable distribution of power among stakeholders, and more equitable access to resources and opportunities. The constituent actions of this pathway can be categorised into four groups: (i) improved approaches to science and health communication that account for society's diverse values, beliefs and worldviews, (ii) a shift towards more trusted relationships among stakeholders to enable two-way knowledge exchange, (iii) economic incentives that encourage behavioural changes necessary for achieving desired sustainability outcomes, and (iv) stronger regulations that simultaneously focus on ocean and human health. We contend that these changes will provide improved outcomes for both oceans and society over the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11160-021-09669-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L. Nash
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Ingrid van Putten
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Karen A. Alexander
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Silvana Bettiol
- Tasmanian School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, 17 Liverpool Street, Hobart, TAS 7000 Australia
| | - Christopher Cvitanovic
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Anna K. Farmery
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Australian National Centre for Ocean Resources and Security, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Emily J. Flies
- School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Sierra Ison
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Rachel Kelly
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Mary Mackay
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- CSIRO, Oceans and Atmosphere, Castray Esplanade, Battery Point, TAS 7004 Australia
| | - Linda Murray
- School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand
| | - Kimberley Norris
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Lucy M. Robinson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- Oceans Graduate School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009 Australia
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Crawley, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Jennifer Scott
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 30, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Delphi Ward
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
| | - Joanna Vince
- Centre for Marine Socioecology, Private Bag 129, Hobart, TAS 7001 Australia
- School of Social Sciences, University of Tasmania, Locked Bag 1340, Launceston, TAS 7250 Australia
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Edwards KM, Banyard VL, Rizzo A, Greenberg P. Scope and correlates of high school youths' exposure to dating and sexual violence prevention initiatives. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 50:126-141. [PMID: 33420761 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The researchers examined the extent to which high school youth were exposed to dating and sexual violence (DSV) prevention types (e.g., social marketing campaign) across various locations (e.g., in-school) and how exposure to DSV prevention related to perceptions of social norms and collective efficacy. Participants included 877 high school youth who completed in-school surveys across three towns in New England. Most youth (92%) were exposed to DSV prevention. In general, active exposure and active participation, more so than passive exposure, were related to greater perceptions of collective efficacy and perceptions of social norms more intolerant of DSV. Results also suggested that online exposure to DSV prevention was the most consistent correlate of greater perceptions of collective efficacy and perceptions of social norms more intolerant of DSV. These findings provide clues about the types and locations that might be most effective at preventing DSV among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Edwards
- Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Victoria L Banyard
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew Rizzo
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Patricia Greenberg
- School of Social Work, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
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Elshiekh HF, de Vries H, Hoving C. Assessing sexual practices and beliefs among university students in Khartoum, Sudan; a qualitative study. SAHARA J 2021; 18:170-182. [PMID: 34872445 PMCID: PMC8654397 DOI: 10.1080/17290376.2021.2011390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
University students in Sudan are more at risk of contracting HIV than the general population, due to a high rate of sexual activity and low uptake of preventive measures such as condoms. Hence, they are considered an important target for HIV prevention programmes. This study explored students` beliefs about abstinence and pre-marital sex. Thirty semi-structured individual interviews were conducted, based on constructs from the Integrated Change (I-Change) Model. The study sample included 16 (53%) male and 14 (47%) female university students. Their average age was 21.2 years (Range 18–27 and SD 2.5). Both sexual abstainers (N = 19) and sexually active students (N = 11) perceived HIV severity and susceptibility. Most of the participants had a positive attitude towards abstinence. However, sexually active students also perceived some advantages of engaging in sexual practices, such as sexual pleasure and proving adulthood. Sexually active students more often mentioned being influenced in their sexual practices by their peers than by their families. Sexually active students reported lower self-efficacy to refrain from sex than abstainers. Interventions that seek to promote abstinence among those willing to achieve this should stress the advantages of abstinence from sex until marriage, offer tools to resist peer pressure and enhance self-efficacy to abstain. These findings can be used to develop comprehensive HIV prevention programmes that primarily promote abstinence among university students who are not yet sexually active but also consider promoting condom use and other safer-sex practices among those who are sexually active. These interventions should also be gender-sensitive to address the needs of both male and female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husameddin Farouk Elshiekh
- Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hein de Vries
- Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ciska Hoving
- Department of Health Promotion, School for Public Health and Primary Care (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Cassidy CE, Harrison MB, Godfrey C, Nincic V, Khan PA, Oakley P, Ross-White A, Grantmyre H, Graham ID. Use and effects of implementation strategies for practice guidelines in nursing: a systematic review. Implement Sci 2021; 16:102. [PMID: 34863220 PMCID: PMC8642950 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Practice guidelines can reduce variations in nursing practice and improve patient care. However, implementation of guidelines is complex and inconsistent in practice. It is unclear which strategies are effective at implementing guidelines in nursing. This review aimed to describe the use and effects of implementation strategies to facilitate the uptake of guidelines focused on nursing care. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of five electronic databases in addition to the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) Group specialized registry. Studies were included if implementation of a practice guideline in nursing and process or outcome of care provided by nurses were reported. Two reviewers independently screened studies, assessed study quality, extracted data, and coded data using the EPOC taxonomy of implementation strategies. For those strategies not included in the EPOC taxonomy, we inductively categorized these strategies and generated additional categories. We conducted a narrative synthesis to analyze results. RESULTS The search identified 46 papers reporting on 41 studies. Thirty-six studies used a combination of educational materials and educational meetings. Review findings show that multicomponent implementation strategies that include educational meetings, in combination with other educational strategies, report positive effects on professional practice outcomes, professional knowledge outcomes, patient health status outcomes, and resource use/expenditures. Twenty-three of the 41 studies employed implementation strategies not listed within the EPOC taxonomy, including adaptation of practice guidelines to local context (n = 9), external facilitation (n = 14), and changes to organizational policy (n = 3). These implementation strategies also corresponded with positive trends in patient, provider, and health system outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Nursing guideline implementation may benefit from using the identified implementation strategies described in this review, including participatory approaches such as facilitation, adaptation of guidelines, and organizational policy changes. Further research is needed to understand how different implementation strategy components work in a nursing context and to what effect. As the field is still emerging, future reviews should also explore guideline implementation strategies in nursing in quasi or non-experimental research designs and qualitative research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E. Cassidy
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, 5860 University Ave., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Margaret B. Harrison
- School of Nursing, Queen’s University, 92 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3J9 Canada
| | - Christina Godfrey
- School of Nursing, Queen’s University, 92 Barrie Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3J9 Canada
| | - Vera Nincic
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
| | - Paul A. Khan
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael’s Hospital, 209 Victoria Street, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8 Canada
| | - Patricia Oakley
- National Research Council Canada, Institute for Information Technology, 46 Dineen Drive, Fredericton, NB E3B 9W4 Canada
| | - Amanda Ross-White
- Queen’s University Library, Queen’s University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Hilary Grantmyre
- School of Nursing, Dalhousie University, 5860 University Ave., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2 Canada
| | - Ian D. Graham
- School of Epidemiology and Public HealthSchool of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6 Canada
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George WH, Blayney JA, Stappenbeck CA, Davis KC. The Role of Alcohol-Related Behavioral Risk in the Design of HIV Prevention Interventions in the Era of Antiretrovirals: Alcohol Challenge Studies and Research Agenda. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:347-364. [PMID: 34244871 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03351-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
HIV/AIDS remains a significant health threat and alcohol is a robust contributing factor. After 25 years of alcohol challenge studies investigating alcohol-related behavioral risk (ARBR), much has been learned delineating how drinking influences sexual transmission. We examine this research and consider its relevance for interventions in the era of antiretrovirals. We consider prototypic alcohol challenge methods, illustrative findings, and prevention/intervention implications, noting three perspectives: (a) scale up/extend existing interventions, including identifying under-targeted risk groups and intersecting with PrEP/PEP interventions; (b) modify existing interventions by cultivating psychoeducational content related to alcohol expectancies, alcohol myopia, sexual arousal, risk perception, sexual abdication, and condom use resistance; and (c) innovate new interventions through Science of Behavior Change approaches and repurposing ARBR paradigms. Finally, we suggest research directions concluding that until HIV incidence diminishes significantly, psychosocial interventions addressing the nexus of alcohol use, sexual transmission, and adherence to biomedical protocols will be an important priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H George
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA, 98195-1525, USA.
| | - Jessica A Blayney
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cynthia A Stappenbeck
- Department of Psychology, Center for Research on Interpersonal Violence, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kelly Cue Davis
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Palfai TP, Luehring-Jones P. How Alcohol Influences Mechanisms of Sexual Risk Behavior Change: Contributions of Alcohol Challenge Research to the Development of HIV Prevention Interventions. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:314-332. [PMID: 34148189 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03346-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the contributions of laboratory-based alcohol challenge research (ACR) to the development of HIV prevention interventions. Following a brief overview of HIV prevention interventions and related health behavior change models, we discuss how alcohol may influence mechanisms of behavior change. The paper highlights the value of ACR for: (1) elucidating mechanisms of action through which alcohol affects sexual risk behavior, (2) testing how alcohol may influence mechanisms thought to underlie HIV prevention interventions, (3) clarifying moderators of the causal influences of alcohol, (4) identifying novel intervention targets, and (5) developing strategies to reduce sexual risk among those who consume alcohol. We conclude with a discussion of the importance of using experimental research to identify mechanisms of behavior change that are specific to populations at high risk for HIV and outline some key implications for developing HIV prevention interventions that integrate the role of alcohol.
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Li L, Wood CE, Kostkova P. Vaccine hesitancy and behavior change theory-based social media interventions: a systematic review. Transl Behav Med 2021; 12:243-272. [PMID: 34850217 PMCID: PMC8848992 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted problem that cannot be addressed by a single strategy. Behavior change theories and social media tools may together help to guide the design of interventions aimed at improving vaccination uptake. This systematic review aims to identify the breadth and effectiveness of such theories and tools. The systematic review search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ACM, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and Web of Science databases for studies between January 2011 and January 2021 that applied social media tools to increase vaccine confidence or improve vaccination uptake. The literature search yielded a total of 3,065 publications. Twenty articles met the eligibility criteria, 12 of which were theory-based interventions. The result shows that the Health Belief Model was the most frequently deployed theory, and the most common social media tool was educational posts, followed by dialogue-based groups, interactive websites, and personal reminders. Theory-based interventions were generally more measurable and comparable and had more evidence to trigger the positive behavior change. Fifteen studies reported the effectiveness in knowledge gain, intention increase, or behavior change. Educational messages were proved to be effective in increasing knowledge but less helpful in triggering behavior change. Dialogue-based social media intervention performed well in improving people’s intention to vaccinate. Interventions informed by behavior change theory and delivered via social media platforms offer an important opportunity for addressing vaccine hesitancy. This review highlights the need to use a multitheory framework and tailoring social media interventions to the specific circumstances and needs of the target audience in future interventions. The results and insights gained from this review will be of assistance to future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- UCL Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Caroline E Wood
- UCL Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Patty Kostkova
- UCL Centre for Digital Public Health in Emergencies (dPHE), Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Bazargan-Hejazi S, Shirazi A, Wang A, Shlobin NA, Karunungan K, Shulman J, Marzio R, Ebrahim G, Shay W, Slavin S. Contribution of a positive psychology-based conceptual framework in reducing physician burnout and improving well-being: a systematic review. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2021; 21:593. [PMID: 34823509 PMCID: PMC8620251 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-03021-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The PERMA Model, as a positive psychology conceptual framework, has increased our understanding of the role of Positive emotion, Engagement, Relationships, Meaning, and Achievements in enhancing human potentials, performance and wellbeing. We aimed to assess the utility of PERMA as a multidimensional model of positive psychology in reducing physician burnout and improving their well-being. METHODS Eligible studies include peer-reviewed English language studies of randomized control trials and non-randomized design. Attending physicians, residents, and fellows of any specialty in the primary, secondary, or intensive care setting comprised the study population. Eligible studies also involved positive psychology interventions designed to enhance physician well-being or reduce physician burnout. Using free text and the medical subject headings we searched CINAHL, Ovid PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar (GS) electronic bibliographic databases from 2000 until March 2020. We use keywords for a combination of three general or block of terms (Health Personnel OR Health Professionals OR Physician OR Internship and Residency OR Medical Staff Or Fellow) AND (Burnout) AND (Positive Psychology OR PERMA OR Wellbeing Intervention OR Well-being Model OR Wellbeing Theory). RESULTS Our search retrieved 1886 results (1804 through CINAHL, Ovid PsychINFO, MEDLINE, and 82 through GS) before duplicates were removed and 1723 after duplicates were removed. The final review included 21 studies. Studies represented eight countries, with the majority conducted in Spain (n = 3), followed by the US (n = 8), and Australia (n = 3). Except for one study that used a bio-psychosocial approach to guide the intervention, none of the other interventions in this review were based on a conceptual model, including PERMA. However, retrospectively, ten studies used strategies that resonate with the PERMA components. CONCLUSION Consideration of the utility of PERMA as a multidimensional model of positive psychology to guide interventions to reduce burnout and enhance well-being among physicians is missing in the literature. Nevertheless, the majority of the studies reported some level of positive outcome regarding reducing burnout or improving well-being by using a physician or a system-directed intervention. Albeit, we found more favorable outcomes in the system-directed intervention. Future studies are needed to evaluate if PERMA as a framework can be used to guide system-directed interventions in reducing physician burnout and improving their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Anaheed Shirazi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Wang
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nathan A Shlobin
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Krystal Karunungan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Shulman
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Robert Marzio
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Gul Ebrahim
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - William Shay
- College of Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, 1731 E. 120th St, Los Angeles, CA, 90059, USA
| | - Stuart Slavin
- Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, Chicago, USA
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Waughtal J, Luong P, Sandy L, Chavez C, Ho PM, Bull S. Nudge me: tailoring text messages for prescription adherence through N-of-1 interviews. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:1832-1838. [PMID: 34080636 PMCID: PMC8686108 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Almost 50% of patients with cardiovascular diseases face challenges in taking medications and increased morbidity and mortality. Text messaging may impact medication refill behavior and can be delivered at scale to patients by texting mobile phones. To obtain feedback from persons with chronic conditions on the design of interactive text messages and determine language of message for making messages that can motivate patients to refill medications on time. We purposively sampled 35 English and Spanish speaking patients with at least one chronic condition from three large healthcare delivery systems to participate in N-of-1 video-based synchronous interviews. Research assistants shared ideas for theory-informed text messages with content intended to persuade patients to refill their medication. We transcribed recorded interviews and conducted a content analysis to identify strategies to employ generating a dynamic interactive text message library intended to increase medication refill. Those interviewed were of diverse age and race/ethnicity and typical of persons with multiple chronic conditions. Several participants emphasized that personally tailored and positively framed messages would be more persuasive than generic and/or negative messages. Some patients appreciated humor and messages that could evoke a sense of social support from their providers and rejected the use of emojis. Messages to remind patients to refill medications may facilitate improvements in adherence, which in turn can improve chronic care. Designing messages that are persuasive and can prompt action is feasible and should be considered given the ease with which such messages can be delivered automatically at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Waughtal
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Phat Luong
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lisa Sandy
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Catia Chavez
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - P Michael Ho
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
- Veteran Affairs Eastern Colorado Health Care System,
Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sheana Bull
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus,
Aurora, CO, USA
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47
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Sandset T, Villadsen K, Heggen K, Engebretsen E. Discipline for pleasure: a new governmentality of HIV prevention. BIOSOCIETIES 2021; 18:102-127. [PMID: 34608399 PMCID: PMC8481318 DOI: 10.1057/s41292-021-00257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article explores recent HIV prevention campaigns for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), focusing on how they integrate pleasure and desire in their calls for self-discipline through a continual use of pharmaceuticals. This emerging type of health promotion, here represented by ads promoting the preventive use of pharmaceuticals, no longer simply approaches target groups with demands to abstain from harmful substances or practices and thus control risks, but also includes messages that recognize individuals' habits, values, and their desires for pleasure. Drawing on Foucault's work concerning discipline and security, we suggest that a novel, permissive discipline is emerging in contemporary HIV prevention. Further guided by Barthes's theory of images, we analyse posters used in prevention campaigns, scrutinizing their culture-specific imagery and linguistic messages, i.e. how the words and images interact. We conclude that these campaigns introduce a new temporality of prevention, one centred on pleasure through the pre-emption and planning that PrEP enables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Sandset
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute for Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kaspar Villadsen
- grid.4655.20000 0004 0417 0154Department of Management, Politics, and Philosophy, Copenhagen Business School, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Kristin Heggen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute for Interdisciplinary Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eivind Engebretsen
- grid.5510.10000 0004 1936 8921Institute for Interdisciplinary Health Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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48
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Pirotta S, Joham AE, Moran LJ, Skouteris H, Lim SS. Informing a PCOS Lifestyle Program: Mapping Behavior Change Techniques to Barriers and Enablers to Behavior Change Using the Theoretical Domains Framework. Semin Reprod Med 2021; 39:143-152. [PMID: 34433214 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article aimed to identify the behavior change techniques (BCTs) based on facilitators and barriers to lifestyle management in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) according to the behavior change wheel (BCW). This qualitative study design using inductive thematic analysis following semistructured interviews (n = 20) identified barriers and enablers to lifestyle management. These were then mapped to Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavioral Model (COM-B) constructs and the corresponding Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) domains. This study included women with PCOS residing in Australia. Main outcome measures include intervention functions, policy categories, and BCTs described in the BCW. Twenty-three BCTs were recognized to influence behavior change in women with PCOS. Factors were categorized into the subcomponents of the COM-B: psychological capability (e.g., lack of credible information), physical capability (e.g., managing multiple health conditions), physical opportunity (e.g., limited access to resources), social opportunity (e.g., adequate social support), reflective motivation (e.g., positive health expectancies following behavior change), and automatic motivation (e.g., emotional eating). Future research should use this work to guide PCOS lifestyle intervention development and then test intervention effectiveness through an experimental phase to provide empirical evidence for wider use and implementation of tailored, theory-informed PCOS lifestyle programs as part of evidence-based PCOS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pirotta
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A E Joham
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - L J Moran
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - H Skouteris
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - S S Lim
- Health and Social Care Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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49
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Pirotta S, Joham AJ, Moran LJ, Skouteris H, Lim SS. Implementation of evidence-based PCOS lifestyle management guidelines: Perceived barriers and facilitators by consumers using the Theoretical Domains Framework and COM-B Model. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2021; 104:2080-2088. [PMID: 33581970 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2021.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 2018 Evidence-Based Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Clinical Guidelines recommend lifestyle management as first-line treatment for PCOS, yet implementation of PCOS lifestyle programs into practice is not well understood. OBJECTIVE To complete systematic intervention mapping by identifying the facilitators and barriers to lifestyle management in women with PCOS using the theoretical domains framework (TDF) and the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour model (COM-B). PATIENT INVOLVEMENT Women (N = 20) in Australian with PCOS were interviewed. METHODS Telephone semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Nine themes mapped onto seven TDF domains and the COM-B. Capability: psychological co-morbidities, knowledge and awareness of lifestyle change and ability to identify and resolve barriers. Opportunity: presence of other medical conditions, access to practical resources and availability of social support. MOTIVATION outcomes expectancies of lifestyle behaviour, personal values, enjoyment and readiness to change and the impact of stress on lifestyle choices. DISCUSSION This is the first study to explore barriers and facilitators to lifestyle change from the perspectives of women with PCOS using the TDF and COM-B. Addressing these themes will facilitate patient-centred care and long-term behaviour change. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS May increase the efficacy and effectiveness of PCOS lifestyle programs and reduce the risk of PCOS-associated disease in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pirotta
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| | - Anju J Joham
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Diabetes, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa J Moran
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Helen Skouteris
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Warwick Business School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
| | - Siew S Lim
- Monash Centre for Health Research and Implementation, Monash University, Level 1, 43-51 Kanooka Grove, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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50
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Adjodah D, Dinakar K, Chinazzi M, Fraiberger SP, Pentland A, Bates S, Staller K, Vespignani A, Bhatt DL. Association between COVID-19 outcomes and mask mandates, adherence, and attitudes. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252315. [PMID: 34161332 PMCID: PMC8221503 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We extend previous studies on the impact of masks on COVID-19 outcomes by investigating an unprecedented breadth and depth of health outcomes, geographical resolutions, types of mask mandates, early versus later waves and controlling for other government interventions, mobility testing rate and weather. We show that mask mandates are associated with a statistically significant decrease in new cases (-3.55 per 100K), deaths (-0.13 per 100K), and the proportion of hospital admissions (-2.38 percentage points) up to 40 days after the introduction of mask mandates both at the state and county level. These effects are large, corresponding to 14% of the highest recorded number of cases, 13% of deaths, and 7% of admission proportion. We also find that mask mandates are linked to a 23.4 percentage point increase in mask adherence in four diverse states. Given the recent lifting of mandates, we estimate that the ending of mask mandates in these states is associated with a decrease of -3.19 percentage points in mask adherence and 12 per 100K (13% of the highest recorded number) of daily new cases with no significant effect on hospitalizations and deaths. Lastly, using a large novel survey dataset of 847 thousand responses in 69 countries, we introduce the novel results that community mask adherence and community attitudes towards masks are associated with a reduction in COVID-19 cases and deaths. Our results have policy implications for reinforcing the need to maintain and encourage mask-wearing by the public, especially in light of some states starting to remove their mask mandates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Adjodah
- Connection Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Center of Complex Interventions, Wellesley, MA, United States of America
| | | | - Matteo Chinazzi
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Samuel P. Fraiberger
- Connection Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Development Data Group, World Bank, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Alex Pentland
- Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Samantha Bates
- Center of Complex Interventions, Wellesley, MA, United States of America
| | - Kyle Staller
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Alessandro Vespignani
- Laboratory for the Modeling of Biological and Socio-technical Systems, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Deepak L. Bhatt
- Heart & Vascular Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Harvard Medical School, Harvard University Boston, MA, United States of America
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