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Kekäläinen T, Karvonen J, Törmäkangas T, Pulkkinen L, Kokko K. Pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to midlife health behaviours. Psychol Health 2023; 38:1683-1701. [PMID: 35225111 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2022.2041639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This longitudinal study investigated the pathways from childhood socioemotional characteristics and cognitive skills to health behaviours in midlife. Methods: Participants in the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development (JYLS) were followed from age 8 (n = 369) to age 50 (n = 271). Outcomes included physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) assessed at ages 36, 42 and 50. Predictors were socioemotional characteristics (behavioural activity, negative emotionality, and well-controlled behaviour) and parents' occupational status collected at age 8, cognitive skills (school success at age 14 and the highest education at age 27) and adulthood personality traits (extraversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness). Longitudinal path modelling was used for analyses. Results: Well-controlled behaviour and extraversion predicted physical activity in women. Behavioural activity predicted alcohol consumption in women and smoking in men. Negative emotionality was not directly connected to health behaviours. Adulthood neuroticism was associated with smoking in men and with alcohol-related problems in both men and women. There were some indirect paths from childhood socioemotional characteristics to midlife health behaviours through cognitive skills. None of the study variables predicted midlife BMI. Conclusions: Childhood socioemotional characteristics have some predictive value on midlife health behaviours, both directly and through cognitive skills. Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2022.2041639 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia Kekäläinen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Jenni Karvonen
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- The Finnish Rheumatism Association, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Törmäkangas
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Katja Kokko
- Gerontology Research Center and Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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De France K, Stack DM, Serbin LA. Associations between early poverty exposure and adolescent well-being: The role of childhood negative emotionality. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1808-1820. [PMID: 36039975 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using a longitudinal design (Wave 1 n = 164, Mage = 3.57 years, 54% female, predominantly White and French-speaking), the current study sought to answer two questions: 1) does poverty influence children's negative emotionality through heightened family-level, poverty-related stress? and 2) is negative emotionality, in turn, predictive of adolescent internalizing symptoms, externalizing behaviors, cognitive abilities, and physical health? Results confirmed an indirect pathway from family poverty to child emotionality through poverty-related stress. In addition, negative emotionality was associated with adolescent internalizing symptoms, attention difficulties, and physical health, but not externalizing symptoms, even when controlling for early poverty exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee De France
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Dale M Stack
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lisa A Serbin
- Psychology Department, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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3
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Ohrt TK, Perez M, Iida M, Luecken LJ, Lemery-Chalfant K, Liew J. The Interdependent Nature of Mother's and Children's Temperament and Eating Behaviors on Weight. Matern Child Health J 2023; 27:1382-1391. [PMID: 37248304 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-023-03696-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The family environment is an important contextual factor for parent and child weight within families. Using an Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, the current study examined (1) the effect of child and mother temperament (i.e., negative affectivity, effortful control, and impulsivity) on mother and child weight, (2) the effect of mother eating behaviors on mother and child weight, and (3) how temperament might moderate the relationships between mother eating behaviors and mother and child weight. METHODS The sample consisted of 220 mother-child dyads with children between 4 and 6 years of age (66.8% classified as low-, 25.9% middle-, and 5.5% high-income). Mothers completed questionnaires on their own temperament and eating behaviors as well as child temperament. Weight measures were assessed in the laboratory for both mother and child. RESULTS Mother's negative affectivity and impulsivity were negatively related to mother's weight while children's impulsivity was positively related to children's and mother's weight. Mother's eating behaviors were also positively related to mother's weight. The interaction between child impulsivity and mother eating behaviors was significant; the association of mother eating behaviors with mother weight depended on child impulsivity. Specifically, when children had higher impulsivity, mothers had the highest weight. When children had average or lower impulsivity, mother weight was higher with higher endorsement of unhealthy eating behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that after adjusting for the interdependent nature of temperament traits and weight, child impulsivity is an important factor associated with current weight for both mothers and children. Results also provide important implications for the impact children can have on their mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara K Ohrt
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Marisol Perez
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA.
| | - Masumi Iida
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Linda J Luecken
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Kathryn Lemery-Chalfant
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, 950 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1104, USA
| | - Jeffrey Liew
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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La Marra M, Messina A, Ilardi CR, Staiano M, Di Maio G, Messina G, Polito R, Valenzano A, Cibelli G, Monda V, Chieffi S, Iavarone A, Villano I. Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11501. [PMID: 36141782 PMCID: PMC9517425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship binding body weight to psychological well-being is unclear. The present study aims at identifying the contribution, and specificity, of some dimensions (i.e., eating-related symptoms, body image disorders, eating habits, personality traits, and emotional difficulties) characterizing the psychological profile of obese adolescents (749 participants, 325 females; 58.3% normal-weight, 29.9% overweight, and 11.7% obese; mean age = 16.05, SD = 0.82). METHODS By introducing the scores obtained by standardized self-report tools into a generalized linear model, a factorial reduction design was used to detect the best fitting discriminant functions and the principal components explaining the higher proportion of the variance. RESULTS We found two discriminant functions correctly classifying 87.1% of normal-weight, 57.2% of overweight, and 68.2% of obese adolescents. Furthermore, two independent factors, explaining 69.68% of the total variance, emerged. CONCLUSIONS The first factor, "Body Image Concerns", included the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and interpersonal distrust. The second factor, "Selective Depersonalization", included a trend toward depersonalization and dissatisfaction with the torso. The neurophysiological implications of our findings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Staiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Mastorci F, Ait-Ali L, Festa P, Martini M, Gagliardi L, Calabri G, La Marca G, Trivellini G, Casu A, Dalmiani S, Marcheschi P, Celi S, Pingitore A. A New Web Score to Predict Health Status in Paediatric Patients with Chronic Diseases: Design and Development of the PENSAMI Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:children8121094. [PMID: 34943290 PMCID: PMC8700591 DOI: 10.3390/children8121094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric chronic diseases (CD) are characterised by their ongoing duration and the fact that they are often managed throughout the lifespan, with the need to adjust lifestyle and expectations with the limitations coming from the CD. The aim of the PENSAMI study is to not only cure the disease, but to also care for the person from a clinical and psychosocial perspective. Data will be collected from 150 paediatric patients affected by heart disease, diabetes, and asthma admitted during in-hospital stay or outpatient visits, and from 200 healthy control subjects. The protocol will consist of two phases. The first one will aim at elaborating the predictive model by detecting (clinical, anthropometric at birth, environmental, lifestyle, social context, emotional state, and mental abilities) in order to develop a model predictive of the events considered: (1) re-hospitalisation; (2) severity and progression of the disease; (3) adherence to therapy; (4) HRQoL; (5) obesity and metabolic syndrome; (6) illness-stress related; (7) school drop-out; (8) school performance. The second one will address validating the previous predictive model. This model will aim to: (1) understand, prevent, and halt the progression of childhood CD; (2) develop new and improved diagnostic tools; (3) pave the way for innovative treatments and additional therapies to traditional clinical practice; and (4) create truly personalised therapeutic and preventive strategies in various sectors, such as cardiology, diabetes, and respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mastorci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Area della Ricerca di Pisa (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (L.A.-A.); (G.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Lamia Ait-Ali
- Clinical Physiology Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Area della Ricerca di Pisa (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (L.A.-A.); (G.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Pierluigi Festa
- Fondazione G. Monasterio, Regione Toscana, 56226 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.D.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Marco Martini
- Pediatric Allergology and Pulmonology, San Donato Hospital, 52100 Arezzo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Gagliardi
- Pediatric Unit, Usl Nord Ovest Toscana, 55041 Viareggio, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Calabri
- Unit of Pediatric Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Meyer, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo La Marca
- Newborn Screening, Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology Lab Meyer Children’s Hospital, 50139 Firenze, Italy;
| | - Gabriele Trivellini
- Clinical Physiology Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Area della Ricerca di Pisa (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (L.A.-A.); (G.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Anselmo Casu
- Clinical Physiology Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Area della Ricerca di Pisa (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (L.A.-A.); (G.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefano Dalmiani
- Fondazione G. Monasterio, Regione Toscana, 56226 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.D.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Paolo Marcheschi
- Fondazione G. Monasterio, Regione Toscana, 56226 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.D.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Simona Celi
- Fondazione G. Monasterio, Regione Toscana, 56226 Pisa, Italy; (P.F.); (S.D.); (P.M.); (S.C.)
| | - Alessandro Pingitore
- Clinical Physiology Institute, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche Area della Ricerca di Pisa (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.M.); (L.A.-A.); (G.T.); (A.C.)
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Lipsanen J, Elovainio M, Hakulinen C, Tremblay MS, Rovio S, Lagström H, Jaakkola JM, Jula A, Rönnemaa T, Viikari J, Niinikoski H, Simell O, Raitakari OT, Pahkala K, Pulkki-Råback L. Temperament profiles are associated with dietary behavior from childhood to adulthood. Appetite 2020; 151:104681. [PMID: 32251766 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Temperament may be associated with eating behaviors over the lifespan. This study examined the association of toddlerhood temperament with dietary behavior and dietary intervention outcomes across 18 years. METHODS The study comprised 660 children (52% boys) from The Special Turku Intervention Project (STRIP), which is a longitudinal randomized controlled trial from the age of 7 months until the age of 20 years (1990-2010). Temperament was assessed using Carey temperament scales when the participants were 2 years of age. Latent profile analysis yielded three temperament groups, which were called negative/low regulation (19% of the children), neutral/average regulation (52%) and positive/high regulation (28%). Dietary behavior was examined from 2 to 20 years of age using food records, which were converted into a diet score (mean = 15.7, SD 4.6). Mixed random-intercept growth curve analysis was the main analytic method. RESULTS Dietary behavior showed a significant quadratic U-shaped curve over time (B for quadratic association = 0.39, P<.001; B for linear association = 0.09, P = 0.58). Children in the negative/low regulation temperament group had a lower diet score (less healthy diet) across the 18 years compared to children in the neutral/average or in the positive/high regulation group. Temperament was not associated with the rate of change in diet over time. Temperament did not have any interactive effects with the intervention (F [2, 627], P = 0.72). CONCLUSION Children with a temperament profile characterized by high negative mood, high irregularity and high intensity in emotion expression constitute a risk group for less healthy eating over the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari Lipsanen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Christian Hakulinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mark S Tremblay
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Hanna Lagström
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Johanna M Jaakkola
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Department of Pediatrics and AdolescentMedicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Simell
- Department of Medicine, University of Turku and Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Centre for Child Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.
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7
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van Eeden AE, Hoek HW, van Hoeken D, Deen M, Oldehinkel AJ. Temperament in preadolescence is associated with weight and eating pathology in young adulthood. Int J Eat Disord 2020; 53:466-475. [PMID: 32073176 PMCID: PMC7318707 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Few longitudinal studies have investigated the role of temperament traits on weight and eating problems thus far. We investigated whether temperament in preadolescence influences body weight and the development of eating pathology in adolescence and young adulthood. METHOD This study used data from TRAILS (Tracking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey), a Dutch community cohort study (N = 2,230) from preadolescence into adulthood. At age 11, the temperament dimensions negative affectivity and effortful control were measured with the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised. Body mass index (BMI) was measured at all assessment waves. At age 19, the prevalence of eating disorders was investigated by two-stage screening including interviews by eating disorder experts. At age 22 and 26, the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale was used to assess the level of eating pathology. RESULTS Higher negative affectivity in preadolescence was associated with higher BMI and eating pathology in young adulthood. Lower effortful control in preadolescence was found to be a risk factor for the development of obesity in young adulthood. No association was found between effortful control in preadolescence and eating pathology in later life. DISCUSSION Both negative affectivity and effortful control play a role in the development of weight or eating problems during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies E. van Eeden
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe HagueThe Netherlands,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of PsychiatryGroningenThe Netherlands
| | - Hans W. Hoek
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe HagueThe Netherlands,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of PsychiatryGroningenThe Netherlands,Columbia UniversityMailman School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, New YorkNew York
| | | | - Mathijs Deen
- Parnassia Psychiatric InstituteThe HagueThe Netherlands
| | - Albertine J. Oldehinkel
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of PsychiatryGroningenThe Netherlands
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8
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Saarinen AIL, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Honda Y, Oksman E, Raitakari O, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsanen M. Breastfeeding and offspring's compassion and empathy in adulthood: A study with an over 30-year follow-up. Scand J Psychol 2019; 61:227-236. [PMID: 31823393 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated whether breastfeeding predicts offspring's dispositional compassion and empathy from early adulthood to middle age. The parents of the participants (N = 1,394) of the Young Finns study answered questions about breastfeeding in 1983, and the participants' compassion and empathy were evaluated in 1997-2012 (participants were aged 20-50 years). Breastfeeding did not predict the course of compassion or empathy in adulthood at the age of 20-50 years. The associations remained non-significant, when adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic factors, and a wide range of characteristics of the family environment (including mother's gestational age; premature birth; birth weight; number of other children at home; parental mental disorder; parental relationship status; parental postnatal smoking; parental postnatal alcohol use; parenting behavior; and child's externalizing behavior). In conclusion, breastfeeding seems not to predict offspring's compassion or empathy in adulthood. The findings may present a hopeful perspective for children growing up with non-breastfeeding caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino I L Saarinen
- Research Unit of Psychology, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Yukiko Honda
- Global Cooperation Institute for Sustainable Cities, Yokohama City University, Japan.,Department of Global Health and Socio-epidemiology, School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Elli Oksman
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
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9
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Calder PC, Carding SR, Christopher G, Kuh D, Langley-Evans SC, McNulty H. A holistic approach to healthy ageing: how can people live longer, healthier lives? J Hum Nutr Diet 2018; 31:439-450. [PMID: 29862589 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although lifespan is increasing, there is no evidence to suggest that older people are experiencing better health in their later years than previous generations. Nutrition, at all stages of life, plays an important role in determining health and wellbeing. METHODS A roundtable meeting of UK experts on nutrition and ageing considered key aspects of the diet-ageing relationship and developed a consensus position on the main priorities for research and public health actions that are required to help people live healthier lives as they age. RESULTS The group consensus highlighted the requirement for a life course approach, recognising the multifactorial nature of the impact of ageing. Environmental and lifestyle influences at any life stage are modified by genetic factors and early development. The response to the environment at each stage of life can determine the impact of lifestyle later on. There are no key factors that act in isolation to determine patterns of ageing and it is a combination of environmental and social factors that drives healthy or unhealthy ageing. Too little is known about how contemporary dietary patterns and sedentary lifestyles will impact upon healthy ageing in future generations and this is a priority for future research. CONCLUSIONS There is good evidence to support change to lifestyle (i.e. diet, nutrition and physical) activity in relation to maintaining or improving body composition, cognitive health and emotional intelligence, immune function and vascular health. Lifestyle change at any stage of life may extend healthy lifespan, although the impact of early changes appears to be greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Calder
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - S R Carding
- Quadram Institute Bioscience and Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - G Christopher
- Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK
| | - D Kuh
- Medical Research Council Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - S C Langley-Evans
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonnington, UK
| | - H McNulty
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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10
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Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Mother and child personality traits associated with common feeding strategies and child body mass index. Appetite 2018; 125:295-301. [PMID: 29454016 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The feeding strategies that parents use with their children shape their children's attitudes and behaviors toward food. The present research examined whether personality traits of the mother and the child are associated with the types of feeding strategies mothers use with their children. The present research also examined whether these characteristics are associated with the child's body mass index (BMI). Mothers (N = 2928) reported how often they used three feeding strategies (Restriction, Pressure to Eat, Monitoring) with the target child and their personality and the personality of the child. Both mother and child Conscientiousness were associated significantly with less use of Restriction and Pressure to Eat and more use of Monitoring. Child Openness and Agreeableness were likewise related to less use of Restriction and Pressure to Eat. Mother and child Conscientiousness were associated with child obesity: Children with obesity scored lower in Conscientiousness and also had mothers who scored lower on this trait; Restriction and Pressure to Eat partially mediated the association between mother Conscientiousness and child BMI. The present findings suggest that individual differences in both mother and child personality are associated with the use of three common feeding strategies in childhood and the child's weight.
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11
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Sutin AR, Terracciano A. Personality and Body Weight: Mechanisms, Longitudinal Associations and Context. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 26:1-11. [PMID: 29249895 DOI: 10.2132/personality.26.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Models of personality and health have grown in complexity as more is discovered about how traits are related to health-related behaviors, morbidity, and mortality. The present article applies a model of personality and health that incorporates longitudinal relations, behavioral and physiological mechanisms, and context to the relation between Five-Factor Model personality traits and body mass index (BMI) and obesity (BMI≥30). Conscientiousness is associated consistently with lower body weight; the relation between the other traits and BMI is more complex. Conscientiousness is also associated with risk of obesity over time, and specific aspects of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism are associated with greater weight gain and are also sensitive to changes in weight over time. Behavioral (e.g., physical activity) and physiological (e.g., inflammation) factors explain part of the association between personality and BMI. Finally, the broader social environment shapes the expression of personality in relation to body weight. This review highlights replicable associations between personality and BMI and potential mechanisms of this association. Future research needs to better address how specific aspects of the social and family environment moderate the relation between personality and BMI and take a lifespan perspective to better incorporate how traits contribute to weight starting in childhood.
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Does Childhood Temperamental Activity Predict Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior over a 30-Year Period? Evidence from the Young Finns Study. Int J Behav Med 2017; 24:171-179. [PMID: 27815772 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9592-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined associations between childhood temperamental activity, physical activity (PA), and television (TV) viewing over a 30-year period. METHOD The participants (1220 boys and 1237 girls) were aged 3, 6, 9, and 12 years in 1980 and were followed until 2011. Temperamental activity was evaluated by participants' mothers at baseline. The PA was assessed based on maternal ratings of the child from ages 3 to 6 and via self-report age from the age of 9 across all measurements. TV viewing was assessed using self-reports taken from 2001 to 2011. The associations between temperamental activity and the level and change of PA and TV viewing were determined using linear growth modeling stratified by gender and age group. RESULTS High temperamental activity assessed from ages 9 to 12 was associated with high levels of childhood PA in both genders, but with a steeper decline in PA levels during the first 9 years of follow-up in boys. High temperamental activity assessed from ages 3 to 6 was associated with the decline of PA from childhood to youth in girls. High childhood temperamental activity was associated with decreased levels of PA in adulthood in men, but not in women. The associations between childhood temperamental activity and TV viewing during adulthood seemed to be positive but not consistently significant in all age and gender groups. CONCLUSION High temperamental activity may contribute to the development of a physically inactive lifestyle. More evidence is needed with regard to gender differences among participants in similar study settings.
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13
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament activity level can serve as a proxy for nondeliberate activity and an important part of overall energy expenditure. However, little is known about any association between temperament activity level and children's levels of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity. We examined whether temperament activity level in young children is associated with moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity later in childhood and midadolescence. We also assessed if parenting behaviors moderate any association. METHODS Data were obtained from 799 children and their mothers involved in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Growth curve analyses were used to examine the relationships over time, controlling for child and parent characteristics. RESULTS High temperament activity level at age 4.5 was associated with higher moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity at age 9 (β = 5.15; SE =2.47; P < .001). The association became no longer significant after 10.2 years of age. The association was moderated by parental support for physical activity (β = -2.56; SE = 1.01; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Low temperament activity level in early childhood was a risk factor for low physical activity in later childhood and adolescence. Parental support for physical activity may be beneficial for children whose temperament activity level is low.
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Elovainio M, Pulkki-Råback L, Hakulinen C, Lehtimäki T, Jokinen E, Rönnemaa T, Mikkilä V, Tossavainen P, Jula A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Viikari J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Raitakari O, Juonala M. Psychosocial environment in childhood and body mass index growth over 32years. Prev Med 2017; 97:50-55. [PMID: 28039070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The psychosocial environment and especially various psychosocial risks in childhood have been shown to predict later negative health behavior and health problems. In this study, we examined whether various psychosocial factor domains in childhood and adolescence: socioeconomic status, the emotional family environment (parental nurturance, life-satisfaction), parental lifestyle, life-events, the child's self-regulatory behavior and the child's social adaptation were associated with body mass index (BMI) trajectories individually by domain and as a cumulative score across domains. The participants were a nationally representative sample of 2016 men and women from the Young Finns study aged 3-18years at study entry in 1980. Their BMI was measured at six study phases from 1980 to 2012. Their parents reported all the factors related to their psychosocial environment in 1980. The participants responded to questions on adulthood socioeconomic status in 2007. The accumulation of psychosocial factors in childhood was the main exposure variable. The findings from repeated measures multilevel modeling showed that parental lifestyle and life-events and the more positive cumulative psychosocial factors score were associated with a slower increase in BMI during follow-up (regression coefficient range from -0.06 to -0.50). In conclusion, the psychosocial environment in childhood and adolescence, particularly parental lifestyle and lack of stressful life-events, are associated with a lower increase of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Elovainio
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland; IBS, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Laura Pulkki-Råback
- IBS, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories and School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eero Jokinen
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapani Rönnemaa
- The Department of Pediatrics, University of Helsinki, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland
| | - Vera Mikkilä
- The Department of Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland; Department of Children and Adolescents, Oulu University Hospital, PEDEGO Research Group, and Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Päivi Tossavainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Jula
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Finland
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jorma Viikari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Olli Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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15
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Sutin AR, Kerr JA, Terracciano A. Temperament and body weight from ages 4 to 15 years. Int J Obes (Lond) 2017; 41:1056-1061. [PMID: 28280272 PMCID: PMC5496782 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives In adulthood, conscientiousness and neuroticism are correlates of body weight and weight gain. The present research examines whether the childhood antecedents of these traits, persistence and negative reactivity, respectively, are associated with weight gain across childhood. We likewise examine sociability as a predictor of childhood weight gain and whether these three traits are associated with weight concerns and weight management strategies in adolescence. Subjects/Methods Participants (N=4,153) were drawn from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children, an ongoing, population-based study of child and family health and well-being. At the baseline assessment, caregivers reported on their child's temperament. At every assessment from ages 4-5 to 14-15, study children were weighed and measured by trained staff; there were up to six biennial assessments of body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. At age 14-15, study children (n=2,975) also self-reported on their weight concerns and weight management strategies. Results Study children rated lower in persistence or higher in negative reactivity in early childhood gained more weight between the ages of 4 and 15. Sociability was associated with weight gain among girls but not among boys. Lower persistence and higher negative reactivity at age 4-5 were also associated with greater weight concerns, restrained eating, and use of unhealthy weight management strategies at ages 14-15. Conclusions Childhood traits related to conscientiousness and neuroticism are associated with objective weight gain across childhood and with concerns and strategies to manage weight in adolescence. These results are consistent with a lifespan perspective that indicates that trait psychological functioning contributes to health-related markers from childhood through old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahasse, FL, USA
| | - J A Kerr
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahasse, FL, USA
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16
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Lucas CT, Messito MJ, Gross RS, Tomopoulos S, Fierman AH, Cates CB, Johnson SB, Dreyer B, Mendelsohn AL. Characteristics Associated With Adding Cereal Into the Bottle Among Immigrant Mother-Infant Dyads of Low Socioeconomic Status and Hispanic Ethnicity. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2017; 49:27-34.e1. [PMID: 27756595 PMCID: PMC5682590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine maternal and infant characteristics associated with adding cereal into the bottle. DESIGN Secondary data analysis. PARTICIPANTS Study participants were immigrant, low-income, urban mother-infant dyads (n = 216; 91% Hispanic, 19% US-born) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial entitled the Bellevue Project for Early Language, Literacy and Education Success. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal characteristics (age, marital status, ethnicity, primary language, country of origin, education, work status, income, depressive symptoms, and concern about infant's future weight) and infant characteristics (gender, first born, and difficult temperament). ANALYSIS Fisher exact test, chi-square test, and simultaneous multiple logistic regression of significant (P < .05) variables identified in unadjusted analyses. RESULTS Twenty-seven percent of mothers added cereal into the bottle. After adjusting for confounding variables identified in bivariate analyses, mothers who were single (P = .02), had moderate to severe depressive symptoms (P = .01) and perceived their infant had a difficult temperament (P = .03) were more likely to add cereal into the bottle. Conversely, mothers who expressed concern about their infants becoming overweight were less likely to add cereal (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Health care providers should screen for adding cereal in infant bottles. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of adding cereal into the bottle on weight trajectories over time. Causal associations also need to be identified to effectively prevent this practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Taylor Lucas
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA.
| | - Mary Jo Messito
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Rachel S Gross
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Montefiore and Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY
| | - Suzy Tomopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Arthur H Fierman
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Samantha Berkule Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY; Department of Psychology, Marymount Manhattan College, New York, NY
| | - Benard Dreyer
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Alan L Mendelsohn
- Department of Pediatrics, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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17
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Conti G, Heckman J, Pinto R. The Effects of Two Influential Early Childhood Interventions on Health and Healthy Behaviour. ECONOMIC JOURNAL (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2016; 126:F28-F65. [PMID: 28260805 PMCID: PMC5331750 DOI: 10.1111/ecoj.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the long-term impacts on health and healthy behaviors of two of the oldest and most widely cited U.S. early childhood interventions evaluated by the method of randomization with long-term follow-up: the Perry Preschool Project (PPP) and the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). There are pronounced gender effects strongly favoring boys, although there are also effects for girls. Dynamic mediation analyses show a significant role played by improved childhood traits, above and beyond the effects of experimentally enhanced adult socioeconomic status. These results show the potential of early life interventions for promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Conti
- Senior Lecturer in Health Economics at the Department of Applied Health Research at University College London; and a Research Fellow at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, London
| | - James Heckman
- Henry Schultz Distinguished Service Professor of Economics at the University of Chicago; Director, Center for the Economics of Human Development, University of Chicago; Co-Director of the Human Capital and Economic Opportunity Global Working Group; a Research Fellow at the American Bar Foundation; and an affiliate of the Leonard D. Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California
| | - Rodrigo Pinto
- Assistant Professor in the Department of Economics at UCLA
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18
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Savelieva K, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Pulkki-Råback L, Jokela M, Lipsanen J, Merjonen P, Viikari J, Raitakari OT, Hintsanen M. Intergenerational transmission of qualities of the parent–child relationship in the population-based Young Finns Study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1230057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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19
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Personality and Body-Mass-Index in School-Age Children: An Exploration of Mediating and Moderating Variables. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158353. [PMID: 27486752 PMCID: PMC4972344 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored longitudinal associations between personality and body-mass-index (BMI) in school-age children, including the potential mediating role of screen time and physical activity, and the potential moderating roles of child demographics and neighbourhood socioeconomic position. Participants were the parents (and teachers) of 3857 ten-year-old children, who completed questionnaires at baseline with a two-year follow-up. After controlling for child demographics (e.g., sex, pubertal status), we found that personality was unimportant for concurrent BMI, but was important for subsequent BMI and change in BMI over two years. Low levels of introversion and persistence at baseline, and decreases in persistence over time, were associated with a higher BMI at follow-up and a greater increase in BMI over time. Moderator analyses showed that introversion was more strongly related to subsequent BMI for children listed as aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The relationship between personality and change in BMI was mediated by screen time, but not by physical activity. To conclude, findings demonstrate that personality is important for change in body mass in Australian children (particularly indigenous children), and that screen-based sedentary behaviour features an important role in this association.
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20
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Youth temperament, harsh parenting, and variation in the oxytocin receptor gene forecast allostatic load during emerging adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2016; 29:791-803. [PMID: 27292275 DOI: 10.1017/s095457941600047x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An association has been found between receipt of harsh parenting in childhood and adult health problems. However, this research has been principally retrospective, has treated children as passive recipients of parental behavior, and has overlooked individual differences in youth responsivity to harsh parenting. In a 10-year multiple-wave prospective study of African American families, we addressed these issues by focusing on the influence of polymorphisms in the oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), variants of which appear to buffer or amplify responses to environmental stress. The participants were 303 youths, with a mean age of 11.2 at the first assessment, and their parents, all of whom were genotyped for variations in the rs53576 (A/G) polymorphism. Teachers rated preadolescent (ages 11 to 13) emotionally intense and distractible temperaments, and adolescents (ages 15 and 16) reported receipt of harsh parenting. Allostatic load was assessed during young adulthood (ages 20 and 21). Difficult preadolescent temperament forecast elevated receipt of harsh parenting in adolescence, and adolescents who experienced harsh parenting evinced high allostatic load during young adulthood. However, these associations emerged only among children and parents who carried A alleles of the OXTR genotype. The results suggest the oxytocin system operates along with temperament and parenting to forecast young adults' allostatic load.
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21
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Leung CY, Miller AL, Kaciroti NA, Chen YP, Rosenblum K, Lumeng JC. Low-income pre-schoolers with higher temperamental surgency enjoy and respond more to food, mediating the path to higher body mass index. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:181-6. [PMID: 26083122 PMCID: PMC4683115 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temperament is associated with obesity risk. However, the mechanisms linking temperament and eating behaviour to childhood adiposity are unclear. OBJECTIVES To examine whether three temperament dimensions (surgency, effortful control and negative lability) are uniquely associated with an increased BMI z score (BMIz) concurrently and an excessive rate of change in BMIz longitudinally through four eating behaviours (food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, emotional overeating and satiety responsiveness) among low-income pre-schoolers, independent of home environment quality. METHODS 379 pre-schoolers were recruited from Head Start in the Midwest region of the United States. Primary caregivers reported child temperament, eating behaviours and the level of chaos at home. Child BMIz was derived from weight and height measurements at ages 4, 5 and 6 years on average. RESULTS Path analyses revealed that higher levels of surgency predicted more food responsiveness and enjoyment of food, which was in turn associated with higher concurrent BMIz, independent of effortful control, negative lability and home chaos. CONCLUSION Low-income surgent pre-schoolers were more likely to have elevated BMIz as they were more inclined to eat in response to external cues and have a high appetitive drive. Obesity prevention programmes might target low-income children with surgent temperaments, and the identified eating behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christy Y.Y. Leung
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alison L. Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Niko A. Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yu Pu Chen
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Katherine Rosenblum
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Julie C. Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Pediatrics and Communicable Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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22
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Christian LM, Galley JD, Hade EM, Schoppe-Sullivan S, Kamp Dush C, Bailey MT. Gut microbiome composition is associated with temperament during early childhood. Brain Behav Immun 2015; 45:118-27. [PMID: 25449582 PMCID: PMC4342262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the dynamics of the gut-brain axis has clinical implications for physical and mental health conditions, including obesity and anxiety. As such disorders have early life antecedents, it is of value to determine if associations between the gut microbiome and behavior are present in early life in humans. METHODS We used next generation pyrosequencing to examine associations between the community structure of the gut microbiome and maternal ratings of child temperament in 77 children at 18-27months of age. It was hypothesized that children would differ in their gut microbial structure, as indicated by measures of alpha and beta diversity, based on their temperamental characteristics. RESULTS Among both boys and girls, greater Surgency/Extraversion was associated greater phylogenetic diversity. In addition, among boys only, subscales loading on this composite scale were associated with differences in phylogenetic diversity, the Shannon Diversity index (SDI), beta diversity, and differences in abundances of Dialister, Rikenellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Parabacteroides. In girls only, higher Effortful Control was associated with a lower SDI score and differences in both beta diversity and Rikenellaceae were observed in relation to Fear. Some differences in dietary patterns were observed in relation to temperament, but these did not account for the observed differences in the microbiome. CONCLUSIONS Differences in gut microbiome composition, including alpha diversity, beta diversity, and abundances of specific bacterial species, were observed in association with temperament in toddlers. This study was cross-sectional and observational and, therefore, does not permit determination of the causal direction of effects. However, if bidirectional brain-gut relationships are present in humans in early life, this may represent an opportunity for intervention relevant to physical as well as mental health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Christian
- Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, United States.
| | - Jeffrey D Galley
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Erinn M Hade
- Center for Biostatistics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, United States
| | | | - Claire Kamp Dush
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, United States
| | - Michael T Bailey
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, United States; Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University, United States
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Abstract
Background—
The American Heart Association has defined a new metric of ideal cardiovascular health as part of its 2020 Impact Goals. We examined whether psychosocial factors in youth predict ideal cardiovascular health in adulthood.
Methods and Results—
Participants were 477 men and 612 women from the nationwide Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Psychosocial factors were measured from cohorts 3 to 18 years of age at the baseline of the study, and ideal cardiovascular health was examined 27 years later in adulthood. The summary measure of psychosocial factors in youth comprised socioeconomic factors, emotional factors, parental health behaviors, stressful events, self-regulation of the child, and social adjustment of the child. There was a positive association between a higher number of favorable psychosocial factors in youth and greater ideal cardiovascular health index in adulthood (β=0.16;
P
<0.001) that persisted after adjustment for age, sex, medication use, and cardiovascular risk factors in childhood (β=0.15;
P
<0.001). The association was monotonic, suggesting that each increment in favorable psychosocial factors was associated with improvement in cardiovascular health. Of the specific psychosocial factors, a favorable socioeconomic environment (β=0.12;
P
<0.001) and participants’ self-regulatory behavior (β=0.07;
P
=0.004) were the strongest predictors of ideal cardiovascular health in adulthood.
Conclusions—
The findings suggest a dose-response association between favorable psychosocial factors in youth and cardiovascular health in adulthood, as defined by the American Heart Association metrics. The effect seems to persist throughout the range of cardiovascular health, potentially shifting the population distribution of cardiovascular health rather than simply having effects in a high-risk population.
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24
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Pauli-Pott U, Neidhard J, Heinzel-Gutenbrunner M, Becker K. On the link between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and obesity: do comorbid oppositional defiant and conduct disorder matter? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:531-7. [PMID: 24197170 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The link between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and elevated body weight/obesity can be regarded as well established. Because oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)/conduct disorder (CD) has also been found to be associated with these characteristics and ADHD and ODD/CD often occur comorbidly, we investigated whether ODD/CD and ADHD are independently linked with body weight and obesity. The clinical records of 360 children, 257 (6-12 years) with diagnoses of ADHD, ODD/CD, or comorbid ADHD and ODD/CD and 103 children with adjustment disorder (as a control group) constituted the database. All children were seen for the first time in two outpatient psychiatric clinics. Associations of the psychiatric diagnoses (ADHD present vs. not present; ODD/CD present vs. not present) with the standard deviation scores (according to German reference data) of the child's body mass index (BMI-SDS) and presence of obesity were analyzed by ANCOVA and hierarchical logistic regression analysis, respectively. Children with ODD/CD showed higher BMI-SDS (F = 7.67, p < 0.006) and rate of obesity (Wald = 4.12, p < 0.05, OR = 2.43) while controlling for ADHD comorbidity. While adjusting for ODD/CD comorbidity, the links between ADHD and BMI-SDS or obesity did not reach statistical significance. Given a cross validation of these findings, future (preferably prospective longitudinal) research should analyze the mediating mechanism between the psychiatric conditions and obesity. This knowledge could be helpful for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Pauli-Pott
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Philipps-University Marburg, Hans-Sachs-Str. 6, 35039, Marburg, Germany,
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25
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Campbell F, Conti G, Heckman JJ, Moon SH, Pinto R, Pungello E, Pan Y. Early childhood investments substantially boost adult health. Science 2014; 343:1478-85. [PMID: 24675955 PMCID: PMC4028126 DOI: 10.1126/science.1248429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High-quality early childhood programs have been shown to have substantial benefits in reducing crime, raising earnings, and promoting education. Much less is known about their benefits for adult health. We report on the long-term health effects of one of the oldest and most heavily cited early childhood interventions with long-term follow-up evaluated by the method of randomization: the Carolina Abecedarian Project (ABC). Using recently collected biomedical data, we find that disadvantaged children randomly assigned to treatment have significantly lower prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in their mid-30s. The evidence is especially strong for males. The mean systolic blood pressure among the control males is 143 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), whereas it is only 126 mm Hg among the treated. One in four males in the control group is affected by metabolic syndrome, whereas none in the treatment group are affected. To reach these conclusions, we address several statistical challenges. We use exact permutation tests to account for small sample sizes and conduct a parallel bootstrap confidence interval analysis to confirm the permutation analysis. We adjust inference to account for the multiple hypotheses tested and for nonrandom attrition. Our evidence shows the potential of early life interventions for preventing disease and promoting health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances Campbell
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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26
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Yorbik O, Mutlu C, Tanju IA, Celik D, Ozcan O. Mean platelet volume in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Med Hypotheses 2014; 82:341-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2014.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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27
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Hintsa T, Jokela M, Pulkki-Råback L, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Age- and Cohort-Related Variance of Type-A Behavior Over 24 Years: the Young Finns Study. Int J Behav Med 2013; 21:927-35. [DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pauli-Pott U, Becker K, Albayrak Ö, Hebebrand J, Pott W. Links between psychopathological symptoms and disordered eating behaviors in overweight/obese youths. Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:156-63. [PMID: 22987501 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Among overweight and obese youths, rates of depression, anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) are elevated. We analyze whether these emotional and behavioral problems are associated with specifically disordered eating pattern. METHOD Participants in the study were 128 overweight and obese children/adolescents (BMI: m = 29.3, s = 4.5; BMI-SDS: m = 2.5, s = 0.4) between 8 and 15 years. Structured psychiatric assessments were conducted adopting a multimethod, multiinformant approach. RESULTS Children/adolescents with ODD symptoms showed increased eating in response to external cues and binge eating. ADHD symptoms were not associated with disordered eating behaviors. Children/adolescents with symptoms of depression and anxiety showed emotional and binge eating. In particular, overweight girls with symptoms of depression showed restrained eating. DISCUSSION Our results point to specific eating problems in overweight/obese children with ODD and depression/anxiety symptoms. The findings could help to tailor interventions to optimally meet the specific needs of overweight children with emotional and behavioral problems.
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McMeekin S, Jansen E, Mallan K, Nicholson J, Magarey A, Daniels L. Associations between infant temperament and early feeding practices. A cross-sectional study of Australian mother-infant dyads from the NOURISH randomised controlled trial. Appetite 2013; 60:239-245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miller AL, Horodynski MA, Herb HEB, Peterson KE, Contreras D, Kaciroti N, Staples-Watson J, Lumeng JC. Enhancing self-regulation as a strategy for obesity prevention in Head Start preschoolers: the growing healthy study. BMC Public Health 2012; 12:1040. [PMID: 23194185 PMCID: PMC3533963 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nearly one in five 4-year-old children in the United States are obese, with low-income children almost twice as likely to be obese as their middle/upper-income peers. Few obesity prevention programs for low-income preschoolers and their parents have been rigorously tested, and effects are modest. We are testing a novel obesity prevention program for low-income preschoolers built on the premise that children who are better able to self-regulate in the face of psychosocial stressors may be less likely to eat impulsively in response to stress. Enhancing behavioral self-regulation skills in low-income children may be a unique and important intervention approach to prevent childhood obesity. METHODS/DESIGN The Growing Healthy study is a randomized controlled trial evaluating two obesity prevention interventions in 600 low-income preschoolers attending Head Start, a federally-funded preschool program for low-income children. Interventions are delivered by community-based, nutrition-education staff partnering with Head Start. The first intervention (n = 200), Preschool Obesity Prevention Series (POPS), addresses evidence-based obesity prevention behaviors for preschool-aged children and their parents. The second intervention (n = 200) comprises POPS in combination with the Incredible Years Series (IYS), an evidence-based approach to improving self-regulation among preschool-aged children. The comparison condition (n = 200) is Usual Head Start Exposure. We hypothesize that POPS will yield positive effects compared to Usual Head Start, and that the combined intervention (POPS + IYS) addressing behaviors well-known to be associated with obesity risk, as well as self-regulatory capacity, will be most effective in preventing excessive increases in child adiposity indices (body mass index, skinfold thickness). We will evaluate additional child outcomes using parent and teacher reports and direct assessments of food-related self-regulation. We will also gather process data on intervention implementation, including fidelity, attendance, engagement, and satisfaction. DISCUSSION The Growing Healthy study will shed light on associations between self-regulation skills and obesity risk in low-income preschoolers. If the project is effective in preventing obesity, results can also provide critical insights into how best to deliver obesity prevention programming to parents and children in a community-based setting like Head Start in order to promote better health among at-risk children. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01398358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Miller
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Holly E Brophy Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Dawn Contreras
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, USA
- Health and Nutrition Institute, Michigan State University, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | | | - Julie C Lumeng
- Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
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Hintsanen M, Jokela M, Cloninger CR, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsa T, Elovainio M, Josefsson K, Rosenström T, Mullola S, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Temperament and character predict body-mass index: a population-based prospective cohort study. J Psychosom Res 2012; 73:391-7. [PMID: 23062814 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 08/17/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Personality is a potential factor determining individual differences in body-weight change. The current study examines associations between personality traits and change in body-mass index (BMI) over six years. METHOD The participants were 762 women and 648 men aged 24-39 years at the base-line. Personality was assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). For calculating BMI, height and weight were assessed at a clinic. RESULTS Longitudinal analyses conducted with linear regressions showed that in men and women, higher Novelty seeking predicted higher BMI (p<.05), whereas lower Reward dependence predicted higher BMI in women (p<.05) when baseline BMI was taken into account. In addition, cross-sectional associations for several TCI traits were found in age and education adjusted analyses. In women, higher Self transcendence (p<.05) was associated with higher BMI. In men, higher Novelty seeking (p<.001) and Self transcendence (p<.01) and lower Self directedness (p<.01) and Cooperativeness (p<.05) were associated with higher BMI. In addition, analyses of variance were conducted for multidimensional trait profiles (trait combinations). Significant temperament profile related differences in BMI were found in all analyses in women. Associations with character profiles and in men were less consistent. CONCLUSION The results give support for personality playing a role in weight gain. Knowledge on personality may be used for motivating weight loss and designing weight management interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Hintsanen
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, Unit of Personality Work and Organizational Psychology, Center for Research on Teaching, Department of Teacher Education, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Alatupa S, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsanen M, Elovainio M, Mullola S, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Disruptive behavior in childhood and socioeconomic position in adulthood: a prospective study over 27 years. Int J Public Health 2012; 58:247-56. [PMID: 22965635 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-012-0408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 08/07/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether childhood disruptive behavior (aggressiveness, hyperactivity and social adjustment), predicts adulthood socioeconomic position (SEP), i.e., educational level, occupational status and income and social mobility. METHODS Social mobility was defined by comparing the participants' adulthood socioeconomic position with that of their parents ("intergenerational social mobility"). The subjects were derived from a population-based cohort study (N = 3,600) and our sample consisted of 782 participants (403 women) aged 3-9 years at baseline and were followed until they were aged 30-36. RESULTS High childhood aggression associated with low educational level and occupational status suggesting an early beginning negative tracking of aggressive behavior. High hyperactivity and poor social adjustment predicted adulthood low occupational status proposing a more slow effect on adulthood SEP. No associations between disruptive behavior and income-related mobility were found, but high hyperactivity associated with educational downward drift, whereas high aggression and low social adjustment related with occupational downward drift. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that childhood disruptive behavior may have long-lasting negative effects. In order to reduce the adverse effects of disruptive behavior, early intervention of problematic behavior becomes salient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Alatupa
- IBS, Unit of Personality, Work and Health Psychology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Powell FC, Farrow CV, Meyer C. Food avoidance in children. The influence of maternal feeding practices and behaviours. Appetite 2011; 57:683-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stifter CA, Anzman-Frasca S, Birch LL, Voegtline K. Parent use of food to soothe infant/toddler distress and child weight status. An exploratory study. Appetite 2011; 57:693-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/24/2011] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Juonala M, Juhola J, Magnussen CG, Würtz P, Viikari JSA, Thomson R, Seppälä I, Hernesniemi J, Kähönen M, Lehtimäki T, Hurme M, Telama R, Mikkilä V, Eklund C, Räsänen L, Hintsanen M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Kivimäki M, Raitakari OT. Childhood environmental and genetic predictors of adulthood obesity: the cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:E1542-9. [PMID: 21778217 PMCID: PMC3167668 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity from childhood to adulthood is associated with adverse health later in life. Increased youth BMI is a risk factor for later obesity, but it is unknown whether identification of other risk factors, including recently discovered genetic markers, would help to identify children at risk of developing adult obesity. OBJECTIVES Our objective was to examine the childhood environmental and genetic predictors of adult obesity. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We followed 2119 individuals of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study for up to 27 yr since baseline (1980, age 3-18 yr). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE We evaluated adult obesity [body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m(2)]. RESULTS The independent predictors (P < 0.05) of adult obesity included childhood BMI, C-reactive protein (CRP), family income (inverse), mother's BMI, and polymorphisms near genes TFAP2B, LRRN6C, and FLJ35579. A risk assessment based on childhood BMI, mother's BMI, and family income was superior in predicting obesity compared with the approach using data only on BMI (C-statistics 0.751 vs. 0.772, P = 0.0015). Inclusion of data on childhood CRP and novel genetic variants for BMI did not incrementally improve C-value (0.779, P = 0.16). A nonlaboratory risk score (childhood BMI, mother's BMI, and family income) predicted adult obesity in all age groups between 3-18 yr (P always <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Childhood BMI, CRP, family income (inversely), mother's BMI, and polymorphisms near genes FLJ35779, TFAP2B, and LRRN6C are independently related to adulthood obesity. However, because genetic risk markers and CRP only marginally improve the prediction, our results indicate that children at high risk of adult obesity can be identified using a simple non-laboratory-based risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Juonala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, FIN-20520 Finland.
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Alatupa S, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsanen M, Mullola S, Lipsanen J, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Childhood Disruptive Behaviour and School Performance across Comprehensive School: A Prospective Cohort Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2011.26084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Pulkki-Råback L, Puttonen S, Elovainio M, Raitakari OT, Juonala M, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Adulthood EAS-temperament and carotid artery intima-media thickness: The Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study. Psychol Health 2010; 26:61-75. [DOI: 10.1080/08870440903270690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pulkki-Råback
- a Department of Psychology , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- b Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Topeliuksenkatu 41A a, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sampsa Puttonen
- a Department of Psychology , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- b Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Topeliuksenkatu 41A a, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marko Elovainio
- a Department of Psychology , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 9, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- c National Institute for Health and Welfare , P. O. Box 220, FIN-00531 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli T. Raitakari
- d Department of Clinical Physiology , Turku University Hospital , P.O. Box 52, FIN-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Markus Juonala
- e Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Turku , Kiinanmyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Garthus-Niegel S, Hagtvet KA, Vollrath ME. A prospective study of weight development and behavior problems in toddlers: the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. BMC Public Health 2010; 10:626. [PMID: 20961446 PMCID: PMC2972243 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous research has suggested that overweight children have a higher risk of behavior problems, but the causal direction of this relationship remains unclear. In a large prospective population study, we investigated whether child behavior problems and body mass index are associated in toddlers and whether overweight is a risk for behavior problems or vice versa. Methods The study was part of the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. The sample consisted of 10 860 toddlers, followed up to age 36 months. We used data from maternal questionnaires from gestation week 17 and at child ages 18 and 36 months, and data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway. Child height and weight were assessed at child health stations and recorded by mothers. Behavior problems were assessed using shortened subscales from the Child Behavior Checklist. Statistical analyses were conducted using structural equation modeling. Results Behavior problems in toddlers were not associated with higher body mass index cross-sectionally at either age 18 or 36 months, and there was no indication that behavior problems caused increasing body mass index over time or vice versa. Conclusions The association between behavior problems and body mass index found in older children did not appear in toddlers up to age 36 months. Future studies should focus on the age span from 3 to 6 years, which includes the period of adiposity rebound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Garthus-Niegel
- Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behavior, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Postbox 4404, Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway.
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Vollrath ME, Tonstad S, Rothbart MK, Hampson SE. Infant temperament is associated with potentially obesogenic diet at 18 months. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 6:e408-14. [PMID: 20854098 DOI: 10.3109/17477166.2010.518240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether infants' temperament at 18 months is associated with the feeding of foods and drinks that may increase the risk for later obesity. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study of mothers and infants (N = 40 266) participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. Data were collected by questionnaire. Predictor variables were: infants' temperament at 18 months (internalizing, externalizing, and surgency/extraversion), and mothers' negative affectivity. Outcome variables were feeding of sweet foods, sweet drinks, and night-time caloric drinks at 18 months (all dichotomized). Confounders were child's gender, weight-for-height at 1 year, breastfeeding, and mother's level of education. RESULTS After controlling for confounders, infant temperament dimensions at 18 months were significantly associated with mothers' feeding of potentially obesogenic foods and drinks independent of mothers' negative affectivity. Infants who were more internalizing were more likely to be given sweet foods (OR 1.47, CI 1.32-1.65), sweet drinks (OR 1.76, CI 1.56-1.98), and drinks at night (OR 2.91, CI 2.54-3.33); infants who were more externalizing were more likely to be given sweet food (OR 1.53, CI 1.40-1.67) and sweet drinks (OR 1.22, CI 1.11-1.34); and infants who were more surgent were more likely to be given drinks at night (OR 1.66, CI 1.42-1.92). CONCLUSIONS The association between infant temperament and maternal feeding patterns suggests early mechanisms for later obesity that should be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarete E Vollrath
- Department of Psychosomatics and Health Behavior, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Alatupa S, Pulkki-Råback L, Hintsanen M, Ravaja N, Raitakari OT, Telama R, Viikari JSA, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. School performance as a predictor of adulthood obesity: a 21-year follow-up study. Eur J Epidemiol 2010; 25:267-74. [PMID: 20130965 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-010-9428-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We examined the impact of school performance measured in terms of grade point averages (GPAs) in early and middle adolescence (ages 9, 12, and 15), and the impact of school performance throughout the different school stages on adult obesity. The participants were 732 healthy women and men derived from a population-based Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. GPAs were measured at the ages of 9, 12, and 15. The body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)), and the waist circumference (WC) were conducted participants being aged 27 or 30. Birth weight, childhood BMI, adulthood physical activity, maternal and paternal BMI, and maternal education were controlled for. The results showed that low GPAs in each measurement and low GPAs throughout the comprehensive school were a risk factor of adulthood obesity, but only among women. The association remained when controlling for potential confounding variables (p-values in the fully adjusted models 0.026, 0.007, and 0.004 at the ages of 9, 12, and 15, respectively). The results were similar when the BMI was used as a dichotomous variable (BMI > or = 30 and BMI < 30). Low school performance has previously been associated with higher rates of smoking and alcohol consumption later in life. Our result underscores that low school performance is a health risk factor that should be taken seriously in preventive health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saija Alatupa
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 1A), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Ternouth A, Collier D, Maughan B. Childhood emotional problems and self-perceptions predict weight gain in a longitudinal regression model. BMC Med 2009; 7:46. [PMID: 19747369 PMCID: PMC2753342 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-7-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/11/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and weight gain are correlated with psychological ill health. We predicted that childhood emotional problems and self-perceptions predict weight gain into adulthood. METHODS Data on around 6,500 individuals was taken from the 1970 Birth Cohort Study. This sample was a representative sample of individuals born in the UK in one week in 1970. Body mass index was measured by a trained nurse at the age of 10 years, and self-reported at age 30 years. Childhood emotional problems were indexed using the Rutter B scale and self-report. Self-esteem was measured using the LAWSEQ questionnaire, whilst the CARALOC scale was used to measure locus of control. RESULTS Controlling for childhood body mass index, parental body mass index, and social class, childhood emotional problems as measured by the Rutter scale predicted weight gain in women only (least squares regression N = 3,359; coefficient 0.004; P = 0.032). Using the same methods, childhood self-esteem predicted weight gain in both men and women (N = 6,526; coefficient 0.023; P < 0.001), although the effect was stronger in women. An external locus of control predicted weight gain in both men and women (N = 6,522; coefficient 0.022; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Emotional problems, low self-esteem and an external locus of control in childhood predict weight gain into adulthood. This has important clinical implications as it highlights a direction for early intervention strategies that may contribute to efforts to combat the current obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Ternouth
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, UK.
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Hintsanen M, Lipsanen J, Pulkki-Råback L, Kivimäki M, Hintsa T, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. EAS temperaments as predictors of unemployment in young adults: A 9-year follow-up of the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Hintsanen M, Pulkki-Råback L, Juonala M, Viikari JSA, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Cloninger's temperament traits and preclinical atherosclerosis: the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. J Psychosom Res 2009; 67:77-84. [PMID: 19539821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Revised: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 01/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cloninger's psychobiological model of temperament has recently raised interest as a risk factor for CHD. However, there are no studies that have examined the associations of Cloninger's temperament traits with atherosclerosis. METHODS The subjects were 398 men and 657 women (mean age 31.7 years) participating in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. Linear regression analyses were used to examine the cross-sectional associations between temperament traits and preclinical atherosclerosis. Preclinical atherosclerosis was measured with carotid intima-media thickness ultrasound. RESULTS Higher novelty seeking (NS) and reward dependence (RD) and lower harm avoidance (HA) were associated with preclinical atherosclerosis. In NS and RD, associations remained significant after adjustments for various risk factors. The effect sizes of these associations were comparable to those of traditional risk factors of coronary heart disease, which is a major finding. No association for persistence (P) was found. CONCLUSIONS The present findings imply that examining a wider range of temperament and personality factors may offer new information that can help in explaining the between-individual variation in atherosclerosis and CHD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirka Hintsanen
- Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Chapman BP, Fiscella K, Duberstein P, Kawachi I, Coletta M. Can the influence of childhood socioeconomic status on men's and women's adult body mass be explained by adult socioeconomic status or personality? Findings from a national sample. Health Psychol 2009; 28:419-27. [PMID: 19594266 PMCID: PMC2732202 DOI: 10.1037/a0015212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES On the basis of a life-course risk-chain framework, the authors examined whether (a) residual associations between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and adult obesity and body mass index (BMI) would be observed in women but not men after adjusting for adult SES, (b) adult Big Five personality traits would be associated with adult body mass in both genders, and (c) personality would explain unique variation in outcomes beyond child and adult SES. DESIGN National survey (Midlife Development in the United States study; N = 2,922). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES BMI and obesity. RESULTS (a) In both genders, association between childhood SES and adult obesity were accounted for entirely by adult SES, but its effect on adult BMI was observed only in women; (b) higher conscientiousness was associated with lower obesity prevalence and BMI in both genders, although more strongly in women, and in men, greater obesity prevalence was associated with higher agreeableness and neuroticism; and (c) personality explained unique outcome variation in both genders. CONCLUSIONS Early social disadvantage may affect adult weight status more strongly in women owing to gender differences in the timing and nature of weight-management socialization. Personality may enhance or detract from risks incurred by childhood or adulthood SES in either gender, necessitating the consideration of dispositional differences in prevention and intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P Chapman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Deforche B, De Bourdeaudhuij I, D'hondt E, Cardon G. Objectively measured physical activity, physical activity related personality and body mass index in 6- to 10-yr-old children: a cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2009; 6:25. [PMID: 19442293 PMCID: PMC2690577 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-6-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence and level of overweight in childhood is rapidly increasing. One potential contributor to the rise in overweight is a decline in physical activity (PA). The purpose of this study was to compare levels and patterns of PA and PA related personality in normal-weight (NW) and overweight (OW) 6- to 10-yr-old children. Methods Subjects were grouped into OW (N = 59, BMI = 24.2 ± 4.8 kg/m2) or NW (N = 61, BMI = 15.7 ± 1.5 kg/m2) according to International Obesity Task Force cut-offs. PA was assessed by accelerometry. Parents filled in a questionnaire on PA and sedentary behaviour and PA related personality of their child (born tired, moves slowly, is often tired, lacks energy, avoids physical efforts, prefers watching playing children instead of joining them, is always active, needs to let himself/herself go, has a lot of energy). Results NW children spent on average 77 min/day in MVPA, whereas OW children only 57 min/day (p = .001). OW children had fewer 5, 10 and 20 min bouts of MVPA (p = .01). OW and NW children showed identical PA patterns on both week days and weekends, although at different levels. According to parents' report, a greater percentage of OW children was not engaged in any sport (46% versus 23%, chi2 = 6.3, p = .01). OW children had a less active personality (p < .001), watched more TV during weekend (p < .01), but no differences were found in outside play or non-active play. BMI of mother and father explained 29% of the variance in children's BMI z-score (p < .001). PA related personality, screen behaviour during weekend and MVPA explained an additional 12% (p < 0.01). Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that NW children spent on average 20 min per day more in MVPA. PA patterns were similar in NW versus OW children, although at different levels. Greatest differences in PA according to weight status were found in the afternoon during after school hours. This is the first study to show distinct PA related personality traits in OW children compared to NW peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedicte Deforche
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Watersportlaan 2, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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Mamun AA, O'Callaghan MJ, Cramb SM, Najman JM, Williams GM, Bor W. Childhood behavioral problems predict young adults' BMI and obesity: evidence from a birth cohort study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2009; 17:761-6. [PMID: 19148130 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We examined whether behavioral problems in childhood and adolescence are associated with young adults' BMI and obesity, and tested whether childhood behavioral problems have a greater impact on young adults' obesity than adolescent behavioral problems. The data were from the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy (MUSP) and Its Outcomes, a population-based birth cohort study commenced in Brisbane, Australia, in 1981. A subsample of 2,278 children for whom we had prospective information on their behavioral problems at ages 5 and 14 and measured BMI, and its categories (normal, overweight, and obese) at age 21 was chosen. Young adults who experienced behavioral problems at ages 5 or 14 had a greater average BMI and were more likely to be obese compared to young adults without behavioral problems at both ages. The childhood onset group was at greater risk of becoming obese by age 21 compared to the adolescent onset group (P = 0.04). These associations remained consistent after adjusting for a variety of potential covariates including maternal characteristics (i.e., demographics and life style), child dietary patterns, family meals, television (TV) watching, and participation in sports and exercise at 14 years. Childhood as well as persistent behavioral problems during childhood and adolescence predicts young adults' BMI and obesity. Although further studies are needed to confirm this association, there is a need for close monitoring of children presenting with behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Mamun
- Longitudinal Studies Unit, School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
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Paul IM, Bartok CJ, Downs DS, Stifter CA, Ventura AK, Birch LL. Opportunities for the primary prevention of obesity during infancy. Adv Pediatr 2009; 56:107-33. [PMID: 19968945 PMCID: PMC2791708 DOI: 10.1016/j.yapd.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Many parents, grandparents, and clinicians have associated a baby’s ability to eat and gain weight as a sign of good health, and clinicians typically only call significant attention to infant growth if a baby is failing to thrive or showing severe excesses in growth. Recent evidence, however, has suggested that pediatric healthcare providers should pay closer attention to growth patterns during infancy. Both higher weight and upward crossing of major percentile lines on the weight-for-age growth chart during infancy have long term health consequences, and are associated with overweight and obesity later in life. Clinicians should utilize the numerous available opportunities to discuss healthy growth and growth charts during health maintenance visits in the first two years after birth. Further, providers should instruct parents on strategies to promote healthy behaviors that can have long lasting obesity preventive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Paul
- Pediatrics, Penn State College of Medicine, HS83, 500 University Drive, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE The primary aim of this study was to examine whether parent affect and child temperament characteristics differ across feeding styles in low-income families, given suggestive evidence. The secondary aim was to examine whether feeding styles were still related to children's body mass index independent of parent affect, child temperament, and known correlates. METHODS Participants in this study were 718 parents of children attending Head Start programs across two sites (Texas and Alabama). Parents were categorized into feeding styles of authoritative (n = 118), authoritarian (n = 219), indulgent (n = 240) and uninvolved (n = 141) using a parent-report questionnaire characterizing feeding in a general parenting paradigm. Parents completed questionnaires and measured height and weight was obtained from parents and children. RESULTS Differences were found across feeding styles on parent affect and child temperament characteristics. Indulgent parents reported lower Negative Affect for themselves and lower Negative Affectivity for their children. The indulgent feeding style was significantly associated with higher child body mass index after controlling for parent affect, child temperament, and correlates (ethnicity, child age, parent body mass index). CONCLUSIONS The results of this study not only show a robust association between the indulgent feeding style and weight status of low-income preschool children, but also suggest how congruence between parent emotional affect and child temperament characteristics may contribute to excess consumption among children of indulgent parents.
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Zeller MH, Boles RE, Reiter-Purtill J. The additive and interactive effects of parenting style and temperament in obese youth seeking treatment. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1474-80. [PMID: 18698318 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine maternal parenting behaviors, child temperament and their potential interactions in families of obese children and demographically similar families of nonoverweight children. DESIGN A total of 77 obese youth (M body mass index (BMI) z-score values, zBMI=2.4; ages 8-16, 59% female, 50% African American) and their parents were recruited from a pediatric weight management clinic and compared to 69 families of nonoverweight youth (M zBMI=-0.03). Comparison youth were classmates of each obese participant matched on gender, race and age. MEASUREMENTS Maternal report of child temperament, parenting style and anthropometric assessments were obtained. RESULTS Compared to nonoverweight youth, mothers of obese youth described their child as having a more difficult temperament and their parenting style as lower in behavioral control. A logistic regression model indicated that difficult temperament, lower behavioral control and the interaction of low maternal warmth and difficult child temperament were associated with increased odds of a child being classified as obese. CONCLUSIONS Treatment-seeking obese youth and their parents are characterized by different parent and child factors when compared to nonoverweight comparison families. These findings direct investigators to test more complex models of the relation between parent and child characteristics and their mutual role in the weight-related behavior change process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Zeller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine and Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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Puttonen S, Elovainio M, Kivimäki M, Koskinen T, Pulkki-Råback L, Viikari JS, Raitakari OT, Keltikangas-Järvinen L. Temperament, health-related behaviors, and autonomic cardiac regulation: The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. Biol Psychol 2008; 78:204-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2008.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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