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Zagaria A, Fiori V, Vacca M, Lombardo C, Pariante CM, Ballesio A. Inflammation as a mediator between adverse childhood experiences and adult depression: A meta-analytic structural equation model. J Affect Disord 2024; 357:85-96. [PMID: 38677656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) confers a higher risk of developing depression in adulthood, yet the mediation of inflammation remains under debate. To test this model, we conducted a systematic review and two-stage structural equation modelling meta-analysis of studies reporting correlations between ACEs before age 18, inflammatory markers and depression severity in adulthood. Scopus, Pubmed, Medline, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched up to 2 October 2023. Twenty-two studies reporting data on C-reactive protein (CRP, n = 12,935), interleukin-6 (IL-6, n = 4108), tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, n = 2256) and composite measures of inflammation (n = 1674) were included. Unadjusted models revealed that CRP (β = 0.003, 95 % LBCI 0.0002 to 0.0068), IL-6 (β = 0.003, 95 % LBCI 0.001 to 0.006), and composite inflammation (β = 0.009, 95 % LBCI 0.004 to 0.018) significantly mediated the association between ACEs and adult depression. The mediation effects no longer survived after adjusting for BMI; however, a serial mediation model revealed that BMI and IL-6 sequentially mediated the association between ACEs and depression (β = 0.002, 95 % LBCI 0.0005 to 0.0046), accounting for 14.59 % and 9.94 % of the variance of IL-6 and depressive symptoms, respectively. Due to the cross-sectional nature of assessment of inflammation and depression findings should be approached with caution; however, results suggest that complex interactions of psychoneuroimmunological and metabolic factors underlie the association between ACEs and adulthood depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zagaria
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Fiori
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Vacca
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Lombardo
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Miller GE, Passarelli V, Chen E, Kloog I, Wright RJ, Amini H. Ambient PM 2.5 and specific sources increase inflammatory cytokine responses to stimulators and reduce sensitivity to inhibitors. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:118964. [PMID: 38640989 PMCID: PMC11152990 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Ambient exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality from multiple diseases. Recent observations suggest the hypothesis that trained immunity contributes to these risks, by demonstrating that ambient PM2.5 sensitizes innate immune cells to mount larger inflammatory response to subsequent bacterial stimuli. However, little is known about how general and durable this sensitization phenomenon is, and whether specific sources of PM2.5 are responsible. Here we consider these issues in a longitudinal study of children. The sample consisted of 277 children (mean age 13.92 years; 63.8% female; 38.4% Black; 32.2% Latinx) who completed baseline visits and were re-assessed two years later. Fasting whole blood was ex vivo incubated with 4 stimulating agents reflecting microbial and sterile triggers of inflammation, and with 2 inhibitory agents, followed by assays for IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α. Blood also was assayed for 6 circulating biomarkers of low-grade inflammation: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, -8, and -10, tumor necrosis factor-α, and soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor. Using machine learning, levels of 15 p.m.2.5 constituents were estimated for a 50 m grid around children's homes. Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, pubertal status, and household income. In cross-sectional analyses, higher neighborhood PM2.5 was associated with larger cytokine responses to the four stimulating agents. These associations were strongest for constituents released by motor vehicles and soil/crustal dust. In longitudinal analyses, residential PM2.5 was associated with declining sensitivity to inhibitory agents; this pattern was strongest for constituents from fuel/biomass combustion and motor vehicles. By contrast, PM2.5 constituents were not associated with the circulating biomarkers of low-grade inflammation. Overall, these findings suggest the possibility of a trained immunity scenario, where PM2.5 heightens inflammatory cytokine responses to multiple stimulators, and dampens sensitivity to inhibitors which counter-regulate these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research & Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Veronica Passarelli
- Institute for Policy Research & Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research & Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Climate Science, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Climate Change, Environmental Health, and Exposomics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Ding K, Lei M. From the early scars to the vicissitudes of old age: A bibliometric analysis revealing childhood adversity and aging. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 165:107038. [PMID: 38609808 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adversity suffered in childhood may profoundly affect aging over the subsequent life cycle. The field of childhood adversity and aging has amassed a certain number of publications, but there are no bibliometric studies in this field. METHODS Publications in 10 years on childhood adversity and aging were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection. Bibliometric tools were used to analyze and visualize these publications by country, institution, journal, author, keyword, research area, and co-citation. RESULTS Four hundred thirty-five publications were retrieved from 2014 to September 21, 2023, with a 4.9% annual growth rate. The United States (251), University of California, San Francisco (59), Elissa S. Epel (11), and Psychoneuroendocrinology (29) were the countries, institutions, authors, and journals contributing the highest number of publications in this field, respectively. "Early-life stress" (87), "depression" (82), "childhood trauma" (69), and "aging" (60) were the keywords that appeared more frequently. CONCLUSIONS This is the first bibliometric study on childhood adversity and aging. The United States dominates the field regarding publication numbers, research institutions, and researchers. Publications in this field are interdisciplinary, covering several critical subject areas and having far-reaching impacts, with gerontology, neurosciences, psychology, and psychiatry at the core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixi Ding
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China.
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Marsland AL, Jones E, Reed RG, Walsh CP, Natale BN, Lindsay EK, Ewing LJ. Childhood trauma and hair cortisol response over the year following onset of a chronic life event stressor. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 165:107039. [PMID: 38581748 PMCID: PMC11139569 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood trauma may contribute to poor lifelong health in part through programming of the HPA-axis response to future life stressors. To date, empirical evidence shows an association of childhood trauma with dysregulation of the HPA-axis and blunted cortisol reactivity to acute stressors. Here, we conduct an initial examination of childhood trauma as a moderator of changes over time in perceived stress levels and HPA-axis response to a major chronic stressor in adulthood. METHODS Participants were 83 maternal caregivers of children newly diagnosed with cancer who completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and who, over the year following their child's cancer diagnosis, had hair samples collected up to 7 times for the assessment of cortisol and completed monthly measures of perceived stress. RESULTS CTQ scores were in the expected range for a community sample and associated with changes in perceived stress and cortisol concentration over time (γ =.003, p =.002; γ = -.0004, p =.008, respectively) independently of age, education, treatment intensity and randomization to stress management intervention. Maternal caregivers who endorsed lower childhood trauma showed a steeper decline in perceived stress and a larger increase in cortisol levels across the year than caregivers who recalled more childhood trauma. CONCLUSIONS Findings extend animal models and studies that examine cortisol reactivity to acute stressors and suggest that childhood trauma may program a phenotype that is more psychologically reactive but shows a blunted HPA-axis response to chronic stress. While adaptive in the short-term, this early life programming may incur long-term costs for health. Further work is warranted to examine this possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Catherine P Walsh
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA
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Barman N, Islam ABMMK, Haque MA. Association between adverse childhood experiences and type 2 diabetes mellitus in later life: A case-control study. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 4:e0002715. [PMID: 38917185 PMCID: PMC11198900 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0002715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that occur before 18 years of age. Studies emphasize the importance of childhood adversity as a risk factor for developing non-communicable diseases, including type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in adulthood. This case-control study involved 137 patients with T2DM and 134 non-diabetic adults of both genders (mean age 46.9 and 45.7 years, respectively). In addition to collecting socio-demographic, behavioral, and anthropological data, a 10-item ACE scale was utilized to gather information regarding childhood adversities, while perceived stress was assessed using the perceived stress scale-4. Fasting and 2-hour post glucose load blood sugar levels, HbA1c, and fasting lipid profiles were measured. Both univariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate whether ACE is a potential risk factor for T2DM, with a significance level of 0.05. Around two-thirds of T2DM patients reported having ACE scores of 4 or higher, with the mean ACE score significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (3.96 vs. 3.34; p<0.0001). The logistic regression analysis found that T2DM was linked to female gender, hypertension, dyslipidemia, family history of DM, higher perceived stress, and a higher ACE score of 4 and above. After adjusting for confounding factors, individuals with an ACE score of 4 or higher had a significantly greater risk of developing T2DM (OR: 2.24; 95% CI 1.238-4.061). The study revealed a significant association between higher ACE scores and an increased risk of developing T2DM. As a recommendation, further investigation into the epigenetic mechanisms underlying this relationship is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilima Barman
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation of Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorder (BIRDEM) General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Abul B. M. M. K. Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - M. Atiqul Haque
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Emmanuel C, Oran A, Jensen ET, Fichorova RN, Gower WA, Perrin EM, Sanderson K, South AM, Gogcu S, Shenberger J, Singh R, Makker K, Thompson AL, Santos H, Fry RC, O'Shea TM. Neonatal inflammation and its association with asthma and obesity in late childhood among individuals born extremely preterm. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03325-x. [PMID: 38914762 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03325-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma and obesity are frequent outcomes among individuals born extremely preterm and are associated with decreased lifespan. Neonatal inflammation is associated with chronic neurodevelopmental disorders; however, it is less studied in association with other later childhood chronic disorders in this population. METHODS Fourteen hospitals in 5 U.S. states enrolled 1506 infants born before 28 weeks of gestation in the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn cohort in 2004-2014. Neonatal blood spots were collected on postnatal days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28, and used to measure 14 inflammation-related proteins. Associations were evaluated between high (top quartile) levels of proteins and two chronic health disorders at ages 10 and 15 years: physician-diagnosed asthma and obesity (body mass index ≥95th percentile). RESULTS Few associations were found between high levels of 14 inflammation-related proteins, either on a single day or on multiple days, and either asthma or obesity. Similarly, few associations were found in analyses stratified by sex or presence/absence of prenatal inflammation. CONCLUSIONS In extremely preterm newborns, systemic elevations of inflammation-related proteins during the neonatal period were not associated with childhood asthma and obesity outcomes at 10 or 15 years of age. IMPACT In the large multi-center Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) cohort, sustained elevation of neonatal levels of inflammation-related proteins was not consistently associated with asthma or obesity outcomes at 10 or 15 years of age. This finding contrasts with reported associations of perinatal inflammation with obesity at 2 years and neurodevelopmental disorders at 2-15 years in the ELGANs, suggesting that unlike neurodevelopment, peripubertal obesity and asthma may be driven by later childhood exposures. Future research on perinatal mechanisms of childhood asthma and obesity should account for both fetal and later exposures and pathways in addition to inflammation at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crisma Emmanuel
- University of North Carolina School of Nursing, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ali Oran
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth T Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Raina N Fichorova
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William A Gower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eliana M Perrin
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Keia Sanderson
- Department of Medicine-Nephrology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew M South
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Semsa Gogcu
- Departments of Pediatrics, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey Shenberger
- Connecticut Children's Hospital, Hartford, CT and University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kartikeya Makker
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and School of Nursing, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amanda L Thompson
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hudson Santos
- University of Miami School of Nursing, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca C Fry
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - T M O'Shea
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Fauver M, Clark EM, Schwartz CE. A new framework for understanding stress and disease: the developmental model of stress as applied to multiple sclerosis. Front Integr Neurosci 2024; 18:1365672. [PMID: 38957213 PMCID: PMC11218666 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2024.1365672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper proposes a new model of stress that integrates earlier models and adds insights from developmental psychology. Previous models describe the behavioral and physical effects of stress events, but have not explained the translation of experiences into stress itself. The Developmental Model of Stress shows how psychosocial developmental challenges in childhood create persistent negative beliefs and behaviors that increase threat perception and maladaptive stress responses. These developmental challenges produce early psychological and physiological predispositions for increased stress responses over time. Ongoing stress leads to dysregulation of physical stress-response systems (allostatic load), which is associated with multiple diseases. High allostatic load provides the necessary preconditions for the diathesis-stress model, which says the addition of an acute stressor to a weakened or predisposed system can lead to disease development. The paper also documents the evolving measurement of stress to better understand the stress-disease relationship, helping to resolve conflicting results between studies. The Developmental Model of Stress was combined with clinician insight and patient reports to build an integrative framework for understanding the role of stress in the development and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). It includes the first mapping of maladaptive beliefs and behaviors arising from developmental challenges that are common to people with MS. An initial comparison shows these may be distinct from those of people with other chronic diseases. These beliefs and behaviors form the predisposing factors and contribute to the triggering factors, which are the acute stressors triggering disease onset. These often took two forms, a prolonged incident experienced as feeling trapped or stuck, and threat of a breach in a relationship. The reinforcing factors add the stress of a chronic disease with a poor prognosis and seemingly random symptom fluctuation, still managed with the same beliefs and behaviors developed in childhood, increasing physiological dysregulation and symptom severity. A pilot study is described in which these three categories of stress factors in MS were explicitly addressed. This study noted clinically important improvements in physical and mental well-being, providing preliminary support for the Developmental Model. Future research might expand on the pilot using a more robust sample and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fauver
- Integral Health Program, California Institute for Human Science, Encinitas, CA, United States
| | - Eva M. Clark
- MIND based Healing, Santa Cruz, CA, United States
| | - Carolyn E. Schwartz
- DeltaQuest Foundation, Inc., Concord, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine and Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Ferreira P, Fraga S, Oliveira A. Association of adverse childhood experiences with dietary patterns of school-age children: evidence from the birth cohort Generation XXI. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00525-2. [PMID: 38857694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been associated with health-risk behaviors and several chronic diseases in adulthood. However, the relationship between exposure to ACEs and dietary patterns at school age is unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between ACEs and dietary patterns of 10-year-olds. METHODS The study included 5034 children from the Generation XXI cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. ACEs were assessed through a self-administered questionnaire covering the first 10 years (y) of life, quantified and grouped into 5 dimensions: "abuse," "school problems," "death/severe disease," "life changes," and "household dysfunction." Dietary patterns were identified by latent class analysis using data collected with a validated food frequency questionnaire. Five dietary patterns were studied: "low consumption," "energy-dense foods," "snacking," "intermediate consumption," and "healthier" (used as reference). Multinomial regression analyses were conducted, adjusted for the child's sex, household income, family structure, and mother's age [odds ratio (OR) and 99% confidence intervals (CIs)]. RESULTS Most children were exposed to ≥1 ACE (96%), and ∼27% had reported 6 or more ACEs throughout life. Those reporting 4-5 and ≥6 ACEs were more likely to follow the "Energy-dense foods" dietary pattern compared with those with no ACEs (OR: 2.41; 99% CI: 1.00, 5.77 and OR: 2.65; 99% CI: 1.10, 6.39, respectively). Children exposed to "abuse" in the first 10 y showed 28% higher odds of following the "low consumption" dietary pattern when compared to children with no reported ACEs and using the "healthier" dietary pattern as a reference (OR: 1.28; 99% CI: 1.00, 1.63). CONCLUSIONS Exposure to ACEs was associated with less healthy dietary patterns in school-aged children. Results suggest a cumulative effect of the adverse experiences resulting in a dietary pattern higher in energy-dense foods. Children with ACEs reported under the dimension of "abuse" seemed to have reduced food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Epidemiology Research Unit, Institute of Public Health, University of Porto), Porto, Portugal; Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal; Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Lee YH, Chiu W, Hwang J, Noh S. Mobile-based mindfulness meditation intervention's impact on mental health among young male judo athletes in South Korea: a quasi-experimental study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12691. [PMID: 38830986 PMCID: PMC11148055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63637-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Young athletes commonly encounter various mental health challenges due to the distinct pressures inherent in sports environments. This study investigates the effectiveness of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in alleviating mental health indicators of depression, perceived stress, and anxiety, and enhancing self-esteem and resilience among young male judo athletes in South Korea. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were completed by 53 judo athletes. Participants were then allocated to the intervention group (N = 27; Mage = 13.77 [SD = 1.11]), which used a mobile meditation software program, or the control group (N = 27; Mage = 13.56 [SD = 1.05]). Data analysis compared intervention and control group scores using multiple statistical methods, including independent sample t-tests, paired sample t-tests, and 2 (time) × 2 (group) repeated measures analysis of variance. Following the intervention, the mindfulness group exhibited significant enhancements in the mental health indicators of depression (GMD = 2.74 [95% CI 0.90-4.56], Cohen's D = 0.84), perceived stress (GMD = 0.35 [95% CI 0.002-0.70], Cohen's D = 0.56), and anxiety (GMD = 0.2 [95% CI 0.001-0.40, Cohen's D = 0.56]. Self-esteem also had a significant increase (GMD = 0.55 [95% CI - 0.22 to - 0.88], Cohen's D = 0.95). The findings of this study underscore the potential benefits of mobile-delivered mindfulness meditation interventions in addressing mental health challenges among young male judo athletes. The significant enhancements observed in scores on measures of depression, perceived stress, anxiety, and self-esteem among participants in the mindfulness group highlight the effectiveness of such interventions in promoting mental health in sports settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Hoon Lee
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| | - Weisheng Chiu
- Lee Shau Kee School of Business and Administration, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Juhee Hwang
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyeon Noh
- Division of Global Sport Industry, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Faculty Office Building 104, Yongin-si, Gyunggi-do, 449791, Republic of Korea
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Williams-Farrelly MM, Ferraro KF. Early Origins of Frailty: Do Later-Life Social Relationships Alter Trajectories of Decline? J Aging Health 2024; 36:275-285. [PMID: 37358912 PMCID: PMC10749989 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231185426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Social relationships are widely regarded as salubrious, but do they mediate the influence of childhood experiences on frailty in later life? Drawing from cumulative inequality theory, we assess the influence of childhood experiences and adult relationships on frailty trajectories. Methods: We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine the influence of six domains of childhood experiences and social relationships on frailty trajectories over 8 years. Mediation analyses were completed with structural equation models. Results: Risky adolescent behavior, chronic disease, and impairments during childhood are associated directly with higher risk of initial frailty, but not over time. More social roles and higher social support mediate the relationship between childhood experiences and frailty, and the effect of more social roles continues over time. Discussion: This study provides compelling evidence that supportive social relationships mediate the risk and severity of frailty in later life associated with noxious childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M. Williams-Farrelly
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kenneth F. Ferraro
- Department of Sociology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
- Center on Aging and the Life Course, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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Rinne GR, Carroll JE, Guardino CM, Shalowitz MU, Ramey SL, Schetter CD. Parental Preconception Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Maternal Prenatal Inflammation Prospectively Predict Shorter Telomere Length in Children. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:410-421. [PMID: 37594236 PMCID: PMC10879462 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parental trauma exposure and trauma-related distress can increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in offspring, but the pathways implicated in intergenerational transmission are not fully explicated. Accelerated biological aging may be one mechanism underlying less favorable health in trauma-exposed individuals and their offspring. This study examines the associations of preconception maternal and paternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms with child telomere length, and maternal prenatal C-reactive protein (CRP) as a biological mechanism. METHODS Mothers ( n = 127) and a subset of the fathers ( n = 84) reported on PTSD symptoms before conception. Mothers provided blood spots in the second and third trimesters that were assayed for CRP. At age 4 years, children provided buccal cells for measurement of telomere length. Models adjusted for parental age, socioeconomic status, maternal prepregnancy body mass index, child biological sex, and child age. RESULTS Mothers' PTSD symptoms were significantly associated with shorter child telomere length ( β = -0.22, SE = 0.10, p = .023). Fathers' PTSD symptoms were also inversely associated with child telomere length ( β = -0.21, SE = 0.11), although nonsignificant ( p = .065). There was no significant indirect effect of mothers' PTSD symptoms on child telomere length through CRP in pregnancy, but higher second-trimester CRP was significantly associated with shorter child telomere length ( β = -0.35, SE = 0.18, p = .048). CONCLUSIONS Maternal symptoms of PTSD before conception and second-trimester inflammation were associated with shorter telomere length in offspring in early childhood, independent of covariates. Findings indicate that intergenerational transmission of parental trauma may occur in part through accelerated biological aging processes and provide further evidence that prenatal proinflammatory processes program child telomere length.Open Science Framework Preregistration:https://osf.io/7c2d5/?view_only=cd0fb81f48db4b8f9c59fc8bb7b0ef97 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith E. Carroll
- Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, University of California, Los Angeles
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | | | | | - Sharon Landesman Ramey
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute. Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
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12
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Palpatzis E, Akinci M, Aguilar-Dominguez P, Garcia-Prat M, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Carboni M, Kollmorgen G, Wild N, Fauria K, Falcon C, Gispert JD, Suárez-Calvet M, Grau-Rivera O, Sánchez-Benavides G, Arenaza-Urquijo EM. Lifetime Stressful Events Associated with Alzheimer's Pathologies, Neuroinflammation and Brain Structure in a Risk Enriched Cohort. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:1058-1068. [PMID: 38466157 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Along with the known effects of stress on brain structure and inflammatory processes, increasing evidence suggest a role of chronic stress in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We investigated the association of accumulated stressful life events (SLEs) with AD pathologies, neuroinflammation, and gray matter (GM) volume among cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals at heightened risk of AD. METHODS This cross-sectional cohort study included 1,290 CU participants (aged 48-77) from the ALFA cohort with SLE, lumbar puncture (n = 393), and/or structural magnetic resonance imaging (n = 1,234) assessments. Using multiple regression analyses, we examined the associations of total SLEs with cerebrospinal fluid (1) phosphorylated (p)-tau181 and Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio, (2) interleukin 6 (IL-6), and (3) GM volumes voxel-wise. Further, we performed stratified and interaction analyses with sex, history of psychiatric disease, and evaluated SLEs during specific life periods. RESULTS Within the whole sample, only childhood and midlife SLEs, but not total SLEs, were associated with AD pathophysiology and neuroinflammation. Among those with a history of psychiatric disease SLEs were associated with higher p-tau181 and IL-6. Participants with history of psychiatric disease and men, showed lower Aβ1-42/1-40 with higher SLEs. Participants with history of psychiatric disease and women showed reduced GM volumes in somatic regions and prefrontal and limbic regions, respectively. INTERPRETATION We did not find evidence supporting the association of total SLEs with AD, neuroinflammation, and atrophy pathways. Instead, the associations appear to be contingent on events occurring during early and midlife, sex and history of psychiatric disease. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1058-1068.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Palpatzis
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Muge Akinci
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Aguilar-Dominguez
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- University of Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Garcia-Prat
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Karine Fauria
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Falcon
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Domingo Gispert
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc Suárez-Calvet
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Grau-Rivera
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
- Servei de Neurologia, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Sánchez-Benavides
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelonaβeta Brain Research Center (BBRC), Pasqual Maragall Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
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Rotvig C, Ekholm O, Christensen AV, Berg SK. Sociodemographic inequality in children aged 0-19 years with and without parents diagnosed with heart disease: a Danish nationwide register-based study. Public Health 2024; 231:133-141. [PMID: 38688166 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of children aged 0-19 years who have a parent with a history of heart disease and investigate their sociodemographic characteristics. STUDY DESIGN A national register-based study. METHODS From the Danish Fertility Register and the Danish National Patient Register information on children of parents with ischemic heart disease, arrhythmia, heart failure and heart valve disease in the period 1981-2018 were obtained. Statistical analyses including descriptive statistics, logistic and linear regression were used to illuminate associations between parental heart disease and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS The study population consisted of 142,480 children aged 0-19 years with at least one parent diagnosed with heart disease, corresponding to every 9th child in Denmark in 2018. The number increased from 4.5% in 2002 to 11.1% in 2018. In the study population most had a father with heart disease (57.8%) and 4.6% had two parents with heart disease. Parents with heart disease had significantly higher odds of being out of work (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.64; 1.72), in a single-parent household (OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.07; 1.11), divorced or widowed (OR: 1.10, 95% CI 1.08; 1.12), having a lower educational level (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.33; 1.37), and a lower family income (-42,410 DKR, 95% CI -50,306; -34,514, P < 0.0001) compared to those without heart disease. CONCLUSION Children affected by parental heart disease comprise a substantial part of the Danish population. These have significantly different sociodemographic characteristics than children in families without parental heart disease, which might affect social heritage and parental capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rotvig
- The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - O Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A V Christensen
- The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S K Berg
- The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Burns C, Hejl C, Z. Szabo Y. Childhood Adversity and Adult Inflammation: Exploring the Mediating Role of Emotion Regulation in the MIDUS II Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2024; 17:319-334. [PMID: 38938945 PMCID: PMC11199436 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The present study furthers understanding of how childhood adversity connects to inflammation and, in turn, poor health. Using the publicly available Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) dataset, we test a recent theoretical model that suggests emotion regulation is a potential mechanism of associations between adversity and inflammation. We examined the indirect effects of various types of adversity (e.g., stressful events, maltreatment, threat, and deprivation) on inflammation via two emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expressive suppression and reappraisal). Participants included 1096 adults without a history of cancer or HIV/AIDS who had completed the initial MIDUS II follow up and a sub-study examining biomarkers. Participants completed self-report measures inquiring about psychosocial factors including stressful life events, childhood trauma, and emotion regulation as well as provided blood samples. Bivariate correlation indicated that multiple forms of childhood adversity were associated with both C-reactive protein and fibrinogen. Deprivation, as measured by a stressful life events scale, was positively associated with both reappraisal and suppression. Tests of indirect effects indicated that deprivation was positively associated with fibrinogen through both emotion regulation strategies, particularly for female participants. Our findings partially support recent theory positing emotion regulation as a pathway through which childhood adversity may impact inflammation in adulthood. Further, deprivation may be particularly critical in understanding how adversity is connected to maladaptive emotion regulation and inflammation. Emotion regulation may be an important treatment target to mitigate the negative impact of childhood adversity on health and well-being. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40653-023-00594-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Burns
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
- Department of Education, Health, & Behavior, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND USA
| | - Christina Hejl
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
| | - Yvette Z. Szabo
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX USA
- Department of Psychology, California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA
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15
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Reed RG, Hillmann AR, Presnell SR, Al-Attar A, Lutz CT, Segerstrom SC. Lifespan Socioeconomic Context Is Associated With Cytomegalovirus and Late-Differentiated CD8 + T and Natural Killer Cells: Initial Results in Older Adults. Psychosom Med 2024; 86:443-452. [PMID: 37982534 PMCID: PMC11096264 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lower socioeconomic status (SES) can accelerate immune aging; however, it is unknown whether and how lifespan socioeconomic context (SEC)-the relative wealth and quality of the communities an individual lives in across their lifespan-impacts immune aging. We examined the effects of childhood and adulthood SEC on late-differentiated immune cells and investigated the mediating and moderating role of cytomegalovirus (CMV), a key driver of immune aging. METHODS Adults 60 years and older ( N = 109) reported their addresses from birth to age 60 years, which were coded for county-level employment, education, and income to construct a latent SEC variable, averaged across ages 0 to 18 years (childhood SEC) and 19 to 60 years (adulthood SEC). Blood was drawn semiannually for 5 years for CMV serostatus and flow cytometry estimates of late-differentiated CD8 + T and natural killer cells. Models were adjusted for chronological age, time, sex, and individual SES (current income and education). RESULTS Lower childhood SEC was associated with higher percentages of late-differentiated CD8 + T and natural killer cells via CMV seropositivity (indirect effects, p values = .015-.028). In addition, an interaction between CMV serostatus and SEC on CD8 + T-cell aging ( p = .049) demonstrated that adulthood SEC was negatively associated with immune aging among CMV- but not CMV+ adults. CONCLUSIONS Beyond current SES, SEC related to immune aging in distinct patterns by lifespan phase. Lower childhood SEC importantly may influence who acquires CMV, which in turn predicts higher levels of immune aging, whereas higher adulthood SEC was protective against immune aging among CMV- older adults. These initial results need to be explored in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven R. Presnell
- Departments of Chemistry and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Ahmad Al-Attar
- Department of Hematopathology, University of Massachusetts Medical Center
| | - Charles T. Lutz
- Departments of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics and of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky
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16
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Finegood ED, Weissman-Tsukamoto R, Lam P, Chen E, Miller GE. Interpersonal violence exposure and inflammation during adolescence and young adulthood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 164:107022. [PMID: 38518706 PMCID: PMC11200208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to violence increases young peoples' risk of developing mental and physical health problems. Chronic stress-related upregulation of innate immune system activity and the development of low-grade inflammation may partially underlie this health risk. However, much of the previous research has been limited to cross-sectional studies utilizing between-person analytic designs, susceptible to confounding by unmeasured factors. In this six-wave panel study of N=157 female adolescents and young adults, we tested within-person associations between interpersonal violence exposure and multiple measures of inflammatory activity. Ex vivo culture studies suggested that participants' immune cells were more reactive to microbial stimulation and less sensitive to inhibition by glucocorticoids after violence. Numbers of circulating monocyte cells increased after violence, but serum levels of interleukin-6 and c-reactive protein did not. Findings from this within-person analysis suggest that violence exposure up-regulates innate immune system activity during adolescence and young adulthood in ways that may increase mental and physical health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric D Finegood
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States.
| | | | - Phoebe Lam
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Swift Hall, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208, United States
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Schlüter BS, Alburez-Gutierrez D, Bibbins-Domingo K, Alexander MJ, Kiang MV. Youth Experiencing Parental Death Due to Drug Poisoning and Firearm Violence in the US, 1999-2020. JAMA 2024; 331:1741-1747. [PMID: 38703404 PMCID: PMC11070062 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2024.8391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Importance Youth (those aged <18 years) parental death has been associated with negative health outcomes. Understanding the burden of parental death due to drug poisoning (herein, drugs) and firearms is essential for informing interventions. Objective To estimate the incidence of youth parental death due to drugs, firearms, and all other causes. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional observational study was conducted using vital registration, including all US decedents, and census data from January 1990 through December 2020. Data were analyzed from May 30, 2023, to March 28, 2024. Exposures Parental death due to drug poisoning or firearms. Main Outcomes and Measures A demographic matrix projection model was used to estimate the number and incidence of youth experiencing parental death, defined as the death of 1 or more parents, per 1000 population aged less than 18 years. Analyses evaluated parental deaths by drugs, firearms, and all other causes from 1999 through 2020 by race and ethnicity. Results Between 1999 and 2020, there were 931 785 drug poisoning deaths and 736 779 firearm-related deaths with a mean (SD) age of 42.6 (16.3) years. Most deaths occurred among males (73.8%) and White decedents (70.8%) followed by Black (17.5%) and Hispanic (9.5%) decedents. An estimated 759 000 (95% CI, 722 000-800 000) youth experienced parental death due to drugs and an estimated 434 000 (95% CI, 409 000-460 000) youth experienced parental death due to firearms, accounting for 17% of all parental deaths. From 1999 to 2020, the estimated number of youth who experienced parental death increased 345% (95% CI, 334%-361%) due to drugs and 39% (95% CI, 37%-41%) due to firearms compared with 24% (95% CI, 23%-25%) due to all other causes. Black youth experienced a disproportionate burden of parental deaths, based primarily on firearm deaths among fathers. In 2020, drugs and firearms accounted for 23% of all parental deaths, double the proportion in 1999 (12%). Conclusions and Relevance Results of this modeling study suggest that US youth are at high and increasing risk of experiencing parental death by drugs or firearms. Efforts to stem this problem should prioritize averting drug overdoses and firearm violence, especially among structurally marginalized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diego Alburez-Gutierrez
- Kinship Inequalities Research Group, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo
- Editor in Chief, JAMA and the JAMA Network, Chicago, Illinois
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Monica J. Alexander
- Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mathew V. Kiang
- Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, California
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Tiilikainen E, Aartsen M, Kraav SL. Early-life circumstances and late life loneliness trajectories among Finnish older adults. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:459. [PMID: 38789957 PMCID: PMC11127366 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Later life loneliness has become a significant public health concern worldwide. Research has focused on the prevalence, risk factors and consequences of loneliness in different age groups. This study aimed to advance the understanding of the impact of early-life circumstances on later life loneliness by examining the associations between adversities in childhood and youth and loneliness trajectories in Finnish older adults. METHODS The data were derived from the 10-year follow-up survey study Good Aging in the Lahti Region (n = 1552, mean age 64.89 years). The baseline study was conducted in 2002 with a regionally and locally stratified random sample of older persons living in the Lahti Region located in southern Finland. The follow-up surveys were carried out in 2005, 2008 and 2012. Loneliness was measured using a single question at the three follow-ups. Childhood conditions were retrospectively assessed at baseline with questions regarding the death of parents, household affection, relocation, and fear of a family member. Latent class growth analysis with time invariant covariates was used to identify loneliness trajectories and to examine the associations between loneliness trajectories and adverse circumstances in childhood and youth. RESULTS The results identified three distinct loneliness trajectories: low, moderate, and severe, including 36%, 50% and 14%, respectively, of the study population. The non-significant slopes of the three trajectories indicate that trajectories were stable during the seven years of follow-up. Being afraid of a family member, having a cold childhood, and death of a father or mother in childhood or youth significantly increased the odds of having a severe loneliness trajectory as compared to low loneliness trajectory. None of the early-life circumstances differentiated between severe and moderate levels of loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that some adverse early-life circumstances increase the odds of an unfavorable loneliness trajectory in later life. The results highlight the need to recognize the role of diverse life-course adversities in loneliness research and interventions. The study also underscores the importance of identifying individuals who are at risk of long-term and severe loneliness and providing them with appropriate support to decrease and/or prevent the negative health consequences of loneliness in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Tiilikainen
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Finland, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Marja Aartsen
- NOVA - Norwegian Social Research, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siiri-Liisi Kraav
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
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Nanda A, Logan A, Tennyson RL. The influence of perceived stress and motivation on telomere length among NCAA swimmers. Am J Hum Biol 2024:e24091. [PMID: 38747360 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.24091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Telomere length (TL) shortening is associated with increased cellular senescence and functional decline with age. Regular physical activity is posited to safeguard against TL shortening, but there is disagreement on how concurrent psychosocial stress may influence this relationship. The current analysis explored whether psychosocial stress is associated with TL differences in highly physically active individuals. METHODS TL was measured from capillary dried blood spots collected from Division-I (D-1) and Division-III (D-3) National Collegiate Athletics Association (NCAA) swimmers (N = 28) and non-athlete students from the same schools (N = 15). All participants completed Cohen's Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and student-athletes completed an additional questionnaire to assess psychosocial factors associated with their lifestyle; The Student Athletes' Motivation towards Sports and Academics Questionnaire (SAMSAQ). Semi-structured interviews further contextualized how student-athletes internalize their stress. RESULTS There was no significant difference in TL or PSS scores between swimmers and controls. D-1 swimmers reported significantly higher career and student-athlete motivation scores compared to D-3, but non-significantly higher PSS and similar academic motivation scores. Themes from interviews with collegiate swimmers included COVID-19 stress, fear of injury, pressure from academics, expectations to perform, and financial pressures. CONCLUSIONS These themes may have contributed to higher PSS scores in D-1 swimmers compared to D-3 but did not appear to impact their TL. Given differences in perceived stress, sources of stress, and SAMSAQ scores, further analyses with larger sample sizes are needed to better understand how these factors influence human biology and health while engaged in intense physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Nanda
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Alvin Logan
- Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert L Tennyson
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Center for Studies in Demography and Ecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Linlin F, Chen Y, Fang S, Xu X, Kong W, Liu Z. The impact of left-behind experience on urban identity of new-generation migrant workers. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300747. [PMID: 38696378 PMCID: PMC11065217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
We investigate the impact of left-behind experiences on the urban identity of new-generation migrant workers using data from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. The results show the following: (1) The left-behind experience is an important factor undermining the urban identity of new-generation migrant workers, and the conclusion remains consistent after robustness checks, such as propensity score matching. (2) Left-behind experiences of both parents away from home had the most significant negative impact on urban identity. (3) The results of the mechanism tests indicate that the left-behind experience exerts an adverse impact on urban identity through the pathways of poorer physical health, more frequent migration, more challenging job search, and stronger dependence on preexisting social networks. The findings of this study also offer policy suggestions for promoting the urban identity of new-generation migrant workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Linlin
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Yihe Chen
- School of Accounting, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, China
| | - Shile Fang
- School of Management, Wenzhou Business College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325035, China
| | - Xinnan Xu
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Wenli Kong
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
| | - Ziqi Liu
- Institute of Rural Development, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310021, China
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Ahn S, Kim S, Zhang H, Dobalian A, Slavich GM. Lifetime adversity predicts depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in a nationally representative sample of older adults in the United States. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:1031-1049. [PMID: 38294127 PMCID: PMC11216061 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although life stress and adversity are well-known risk factors for mental health problems and cognitive impairment among older adults, limited research has comprehensively examined the impact of both childhood and adulthood adversity on psychiatric and cognitive impairment symptoms over a prolonged period. To address this issue, we investigated how lifetime adversity exposure is related to symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in a nationally representative, longitudinal sample of older adults in the United States. METHOD We analyzed data from the Health and Retirement Study (1992-2016). The sample included 3496 individuals (59.9% female), aged ≥64 years old (Mage = 76.0 ± 7.6 years in 2016). We used the individual-level panel data and ordinary least squares regressions to estimate associations between childhood and adulthood adversities, and later-life depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment. RESULTS Many participants experienced a significant early life (38%) or adulthood (79%) stressor. Moreover, experiencing one childhood adversity (vs. none) was associated with a 17.4% increased risk of adulthood adversity. Finally, as hypothesized, childhood adversity exposure was related to experiencing more depression and anxiety symptoms in later life, whereas adulthood stressor exposure predicted more cognitive impairment as well as more depression and anxiety symptoms. DISCUSSION These findings demonstrate significant associations between lifetime adversity and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and cognitive impairment in older adults. Screening for lifetime stressors may thus help healthcare professionals and policymakers identify individuals who could potentially benefit from interventions designed to reduce stress and enhance resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangNam Ahn
- Department of Health Management and Policy, College for Public Health and Social Justice, Saint Louis University, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
- Center for Population Health and Aging, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Seonghoon Kim
- School of Economics, Singapore Management University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Division of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Aram Dobalian
- Division of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - George M. Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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22
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Lorenz TI, Schreuders E, Stuldreher IV, Thammasan N, Brouwer AM, Giletta M. The Interplay of Peer Victimization and Parasympathetic Nervous System Activity on Acute Inflammatory Stress Responses in Adolescence. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:757-771. [PMID: 38008787 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which adolescent peer victimization predicted acute inflammatory responses to stress, and whether both resting parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity and PNS stress reactivity moderated this association. 83 adolescents (Mage = 14.89, SDage = 0.52, 48% female) reported their history of peer victimization and were exposed to a standardized social stress task before and after which dried blood spot samples were collected to assay inflammatory markers. Inflammatory responses to the stress task were assessed with a latent inflammatory change factor using the cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). PNS functioning, indexed by high-frequency heart rate variability, was measured at rest and during the stressor. Contrary to hypotheses, analyses revealed no direct relation between peer victimization and acute inflammatory responses, and resting PNS activity did not moderate this association. However, peer victimization predicted stronger inflammatory responses among adolescents with weaker PNS reactivity to the stress task (b = 0.63, p = .02). This association was not observed among adolescents with stronger PNS reactivity, for whom a negative but non-significant trend was found. Weaker PNS reactivity may thus indicate victimized adolescents' vulnerability for acute inflammatory responses, whereas stronger PNS reactivity may indicate adolescents' resilience to a social stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara I Lorenz
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium.
| | - Elisabeth Schreuders
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo V Stuldreher
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, The Netherlands
| | - Nattapong Thammasan
- OnePlanet Research Center, Imec- The Netherlands, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Marie Brouwer
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, The Netherlands
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality, and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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23
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Graves AJ, Danoff JS, Kim M, Brindley SR, Skyberg AM, Giamberardino SN, Lynch ME, Straka BC, Lillard TS, Gregory SG, Connelly JJ, Morris JP. Accelerated epigenetic age is associated with whole-brain functional connectivity and impaired cognitive performance in older adults. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9646. [PMID: 38671048 PMCID: PMC11053089 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
While chronological age is a strong predictor for health-related risk factors, it is an incomplete metric that fails to fully characterize the unique aging process of individuals with different genetic makeup, neurodevelopment, and environmental experiences. Recent advances in epigenomic array technologies have made it possible to generate DNA methylation-based biomarkers of biological aging, which may be useful in predicting a myriad of cognitive abilities and functional brain network organization across older individuals. It is currently unclear which cognitive domains are negatively correlated with epigenetic age above and beyond chronological age, and it is unknown if functional brain organization is an important mechanism for explaining these associations. In this study, individuals with accelerated epigenetic age (i.e. AgeAccelGrim) performed worse on tasks that spanned a wide variety of cognitive faculties including both fluid and crystallized intelligence (N = 103, average age = 68.98 years, 73 females, 30 males). Additionally, fMRI connectome-based predictive models suggested a mediating mechanism of functional connectivity on epigenetic age acceleration-cognition associations primarily in medial temporal lobe and limbic structures. This research highlights the important role of epigenetic aging processes on the development and maintenance of healthy cognitive capacities and function of the aging brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Minah Kim
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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24
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Eisen AM, Bratman GN, Olvera-Alvarez HA. Susceptibility to stress and nature exposure: Unveiling differential susceptibility to physical environments; a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301473. [PMID: 38630650 PMCID: PMC11023441 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging epidemiological evidence indicates nature exposure could be associated with greater health benefits among groups in lower versus higher socioeconomic positions. One possible mechanism underpinning this evidence is described by our framework: (susceptibility) adults in low socioeconomic positions face higher exposure to persistent psychosocial stressors in early life, inducing a pro-inflammatory phenotype as a lifelong susceptibility to stress; (differential susceptibility) susceptible adults are more sensitive to the health risks of adverse (stress-promoting) environments, but also to the health benefits of protective (stress-buffering) environments. OBJECTIVE Experimental investigation of a pro-inflammatory phenotype as a mechanism facilitating greater stress recovery from nature exposure. METHODS We determined differences in stress recovery (via heart rate variability) caused by exposure to a nature or office virtual reality environment (10 min) after an acute stressor among 64 healthy college-age males with varying levels of susceptibility (socioeconomic status, early life stress, and a pro-inflammatory state [inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance to an in vitro bacterial challenge]). RESULTS Findings for inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance were modest but consistently trended towards better recovery in the nature condition. Differences in recovery were not observed for socioeconomic status or early life stress. DISCUSSION Among healthy college-age males, we observed expected trends according to their differential susceptibility when assessed as inflammatory reactivity and glucocorticoid resistance, suggesting these biological correlates of susceptibility could be more proximal indicators than self-reported assessments of socioeconomic status and early life stress. If future research in more diverse populations aligns with these trends, this could support an alternative conceptualization of susceptibility as increased environmental sensitivity, reflecting heightened responses to adverse, but also protective environments. With this knowledge, future investigators could examine how individual differences in environmental sensitivity could provide an opportunity for those who are the most susceptible to experience the greatest health benefits from nature exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Eisen
- School of Nursing, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Gregory N. Bratman
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
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25
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Nusslock R, Alloy LB, Brody GH, Miller GE. Annual Research Review: Neuroimmune network model of depression: a developmental perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:538-567. [PMID: 38426610 PMCID: PMC11090270 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious public health problem, and adolescence is an 'age of risk' for the onset of Major Depressive Disorder. Recently, we and others have proposed neuroimmune network models that highlight bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system in both mental and physical health, including depression. These models draw on research indicating that the cellular actors (particularly monocytes) and signaling molecules (particularly cytokines) that orchestrate inflammation in the periphery can directly modulate the structure and function of the brain. In the brain, inflammatory activity heightens sensitivity to threats in the cortico-amygdala circuit, lowers sensitivity to rewards in the cortico-striatal circuit, and alters executive control and emotion regulation in the prefrontal cortex. When dysregulated, and particularly under conditions of chronic stress, inflammation can generate feelings of dysphoria, distress, and anhedonia. This is proposed to initiate unhealthy, self-medicating behaviors (e.g. substance use, poor diet) to manage the dysphoria, which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation in these brain circuits and the inflammatory response may compound each other to form a positive feedback loop, whereby dysregulation in one organ system exacerbates the other. We and others suggest that this neuroimmune dysregulation is a dynamic joint vulnerability for depression, particularly during adolescence. We have three goals for the present paper. First, we extend neuroimmune network models of mental and physical health to generate a developmental framework of risk for the onset of depression during adolescence. Second, we examine how a neuroimmune network perspective can help explain the high rates of comorbidity between depression and other psychiatric disorders across development, and multimorbidity between depression and stress-related medical illnesses. Finally, we consider how identifying neuroimmune pathways to depression can facilitate a 'next generation' of behavioral and biological interventions that target neuroimmune signaling to treat, and ideally prevent, depression in youth and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. USA
| | - Gene H. Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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26
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Zhao J, Xie M, He J, Wang MC. The Chinese Parenting Stress Scale for Preschoolers' Parents: Development and Initial Validation. Assessment 2024; 31:651-668. [PMID: 37232271 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231176274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Parenting stress is the experience of discomfort or distress that results from the demands associated with the role of parenting. Although there are numerous parenting stress scales, relatively few scales have been developed with consideration of the Chinese cultural context. This study aimed to develop and validate the Chinese Parenting Stress Scale (CPSS) with a multidimensional and hierarchical structure for Mainland Chinese preschoolers' parents (N = 1,427, Mage = 35.63 years, SD = 4.69). In Study 1, a theoretical model and an initial 118 items were developed, drawing on prior research and existing measures of parenting stress. Exploratory factor analysis yielded 15 first-order factors with 60 items. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses supported a higher order solution consisting of 15 first-order factors covering four domains: Child Development (12 items), Difficult Child (16 items), Parent-Child Interaction (12 items), and Parent's Readjustment to Life (20 items). Measurement invariance indicated no gender differences between parents for the scale scores. The convergent, discriminant, and criteria validity of the CPSS scores was supported by its association with related variables in the expected directions. Moreover, the CPSS scores added significant incremental variance in predicting somatization, anxiety, and child's emotional symptoms more so than the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form-15. The CPSS total and subscale scores all had acceptable Cronbach's αs in both samples. The overall findings support the CPSS as a psychometrically sound tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Xie
- Guangzhou University, P.R. China
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27
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O'Neill RM, Cundiff JM, Wendel CJ, Schmidt AT, Cribbet MR. An Examination of Sleep as a Mediator of the Relationship between Childhood Adversity and Depression in Hispanic and Non-Hispanic Young Adults. Behav Med 2024; 50:106-117. [PMID: 36278905 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2131707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The current study integrates previous research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and long-term health outcomes to examine associations between ACEs, sleep duration, and depression in a diverse, mostly healthy, sample of young adults. We examine whether sleep duration mediates the association between ACEs and depression among young adults, and whether ethnicity may moderate observed relationships between ACEs, sleep duration and depression. Data were collected from 518 young adults (66.8% female, Mage=19.79 years, SDage=3.43 years) enrolled in undergraduate Psychology courses at a large Southwestern university. Participants primarily reported their racial/ethnic background as Non-Hispanic White (60.6%) and Hispanic/Latino (25.1%). Participants self-reported their ACEs exposure, sleep characteristics, and depressive symptoms. In addition to calculating overall exposure to ACEs, scores for the specific dimensions of adversity were also calculated (Abuse, Neglect, Exposure to Violence). Results supported a mediation model whereby higher reports of ACEs were associated with depressive symptoms both directly and through sleep duration. Results were not moderated by ethnicity. Findings provide support for sleep duration as one potential pathway through which ACEs may be associated with depressive symptoms in young adulthood, and suggest that this pathway is similar in Hispanic and non-Hispanic young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam T Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University
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28
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Sturgeon JA, Zubieta C, Kaplan CM, Pierce J, Arewasikporn A, Slepian PM, Hassett AL, Trost Z. Broadening the Scope of Resilience in Chronic Pain: Methods, Social Context, and Development. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2024; 26:112-123. [PMID: 38270842 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-024-01133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW A wellspring of new research has offered varying models of resilience in chronic pain populations; however, resilience is a multifaceted and occasionally nebulous construct. The current review explores definitional and methodological issues in existing observational and clinical studies and offers new directions for future studies of pain resilience. RECENT FINDINGS Definitions of pain resilience have historically relied heavily upon self-report and from relatively narrow scientific domains (e.g., positive psychology) and in narrow demographic groups (i.e., Caucasian, affluent, or highly educated adults). Meta-analytic and systematic reviews have noted moderate overall quality of resilience-focused assessment and treatment in chronic pain, which may be attributable to these narrow definitions. Integration of research from affiliated fields (developmental models, neuroimaging, research on historically underrepresented groups, trauma psychology) has the potential to enrich current models of pain resilience and ultimately improve the empirical and clinical utility of resilience models in chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Sturgeon
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Caroline Zubieta
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chelsea M Kaplan
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Pierce
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anne Arewasikporn
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Maxwell Slepian
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, CA, USA
| | - Afton L Hassett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zina Trost
- Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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29
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Lai KY, Kumari S, Gallacher J, Webster CJ, Sarkar C. Association between Residential Greenness and Allostatic Load: A Cohort Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:4884-4893. [PMID: 38437596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The association between residential greenness and allostatic load (AL), a marker of composite physiological burden and predictor of chronic disease, remains understudied. This study comprised 212,600 UK Biobank participants recruited over 2007 and 2010 at the baseline. Residential greenness was modeled as the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from high spatial resolution (0.50 m) color infrared imagery and measured within a 0.5 km radial catchment. AL was measured as a composite index from 13 biomarkers comprising three physiological systems (metabolic, cardiovascular, and inflammatory systems) and two organ systems (liver and kidney). Multilevel mixed-effects generalized linear models with a random intercept for UK Biobank assessment centers were employed to examine the association between residential greenness and AL. Each interquartile range (IQR = 0.24) increment in NDVI greenness was associated with lower AL (beta (β) = -0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -0.55, -0.01). Consistently, relative to the lowest NDVI greenness quintile, participants in the highest quintile had lower AL (β = -0.64, 95% CI = -1.02, -0.26). The proportion of the association between greenness and AL mediated by the physical activity was 3.2%. In conclusion, residential greenness was protectively associated with AL, a composite marker of wear and tear and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yan Lai
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Urban Planning & Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - John Gallacher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher John Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Urban Planning & Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Urban Systems Institute, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Urban Planning & Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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30
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Duan C, Liu L, Wang T, Wang G, Jiang Z, Li H, Zhang G, Ye L, Li C, Cao Y. Evidence linking COVID-19 and the health/well-being of children and adolescents: an umbrella review. BMC Med 2024; 22:116. [PMID: 38481207 PMCID: PMC10938697 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experiences during childhood and adolescence have enduring impacts on physical and mental well-being, overall quality of life, and socioeconomic status throughout one's lifetime. This underscores the importance of prioritizing the health of children and adolescents to establish an impactful healthcare system that benefits both individuals and society. It is crucial for healthcare providers and policymakers to examine the relationship between COVID-19 and the health of children and adolescents, as this understanding will guide the creation of interventions and policies for the long-term management of the virus. METHODS In this umbrella review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42023401106), systematic reviews were identified from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; EMBASE (OvidSP); and MEDLINE (OvidSP) from December 2019 to February 2023. Pairwise and single-arm meta-analyses were extracted from the included systematic reviews. The methodological quality appraisal was completed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Single-arm meta-analyses were re-presented under six domains associated with COVID-19 condition. Pairwise meta-analyses were classified into five domains according to the evidence classification criteria. Rosenberg's FSN was calculated for both binary and continuous measures. RESULTS We identified 1551 single-arm and 301 pairwise meta-analyses from 124 systematic reviews that met our predefined criteria for inclusion. The focus of the meta-analytical evidence was predominantly on the physical outcomes of COVID-19, encompassing both single-arm and pairwise study designs. However, the quality of evidence and methodological rigor were suboptimal. Based on the evidence gathered from single-arm meta-analyses, we constructed an illustrative representation of the disease severity, clinical manifestations, laboratory and radiological findings, treatments, and outcomes from 2020 to 2022. Additionally, we discovered 17 instances of strong or highly suggestive pairwise meta-analytical evidence concerning long-COVID, pediatric comorbidity, COVID-19 vaccines, mental health, and depression. CONCLUSIONS The findings of our study advocate for the implementation of surveillance systems to track health consequences associated with COVID-19 and the establishment of multidisciplinary collaborative rehabilitation programs for affected younger populations. In future research endeavors, it is important to prioritize the investigation of non-physical outcomes to bridge the gap between research findings and clinical application in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengchen Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Guanru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhishen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Honglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Evidence-Based Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yubin Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, No.14, 3rd Section of Ren Min Nan Rd., Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
- Department of Evidence-Based Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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31
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Liu H, Zhang M, Zhang X, Zhao X. Exposure to early-life adversity and long-term trajectories of multimorbidity among older adults in China: analysis of longitudinal data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075834. [PMID: 38485180 PMCID: PMC10941172 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify long-term distinct trajectories of multimorbidity with ageing from 50 to 85 years among Chinese older adults and examine the relationship between exposure to early-life adversity (ELA; including specific types of adversity and accumulation of different adversities) and these long-term multimorbidity trajectories. DESIGN The group-based trajectory models identified long-term multimorbidity trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between ELA and the identified multimorbidity trajectories. SETTING This study used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS, 2011-2018) and the 2014 Life History Survey. PARTICIPANTS We used data from 9112 respondents (aged 60 and above) of the 2018 wave of CHARLS. OUTCOME MEASURES Each respondent's history of chronic conditions and experiences of ELA were collected from the 2011-2018 waves of CHARLS and the 2014 Life History Survey. RESULTS Four heterogeneous long-term trajectories of multimorbidity development were identified: 'maintaining-low' (19.1%), 'low onset-rapidly increasing' (23.3%), 'middle onset-moderately increasing' (41.5%) and 'chronically-high' (16.2%). Our findings indicated that the heterogeneity can be explained by ELA experiences. Across various types of different ELA experiences, exposure to food insufficiency (relative risk ratios from 1.372 (95% CI 1.190 to 1.582) to 1.780 (95% CI 1.472 to 2.152)) and parental quarrel/divorce (relative risk ratios from 1.181 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.394) to 1.262 (95% CI 1.038 to 1.536)) had the most prominent associations with health deterioration. The accumulation of more different ELA experiences was associated with a higher relative risk of developing more severe multimorbidity trajectories (relative risk ratio for five to seven ELAs and chronically high trajectory: 7.555, 95% CI 4.993 to 11.431). CONCLUSIONS There are heterogeneous long-term trajectories of multimorbidity in Chinese older adults, and the risk of multimorbidity associated with ELA accumulates over the lifespan. Our findings highlight the role of a supportive early-life family environment in promoting health development across the lifespan, advocating for the integration of life-course approaches to implementing health disparity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Liu
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- Department of Sociology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Bloom M, McCoy C, Hendrix-Dicken AD, Elenwo C, Baxter MA, Coffey S, Hartwell M. Association and disparities of food insecurity and exposure to violence: analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health. J Osteopath Med 2024; 0:jom-2023-0263. [PMID: 38451468 DOI: 10.1515/jom-2023-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Lack of access to food is a significant concern for child well-being, and it creates many health disparities and adverse social outcomes. Food insecurity and its many associated risk factors increase parental stress, which are strongly correlated with an increased risk of child abuse and maltreatment. Research now identifies being witness to domestic abuse as a form of child maltreatment, and exposure to violence in the community has been shown to result in similar long-term impacts. OBJECTIVES Given the potential for lifelong adverse effects from experiencing adverse childhood events involving violence and food insecurity, our primary objective was to assess the relationship between the two and disparities among demographic factors. METHODS We conducted an observational study utilizing data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2016-2021. The NSCH is a United States nationally representative survey completed by primary caregivers of one child per home aged 0-17 years. We determined population estimates (n=216,799; n=83,424,126) and rates of children experiencing food insecurity and parent-reported exposure to violence. We then constructed logistic regression models to assess associations, through odds ratios (ORs), between food security and exposure to violence including demographic factors. RESULTS Among the sample, 5.42 % of children experienced low food security and 7.4 % were exposed to violence. The odds of exposure to violence are 5.19 times greater for children with low food security compared to food-secure children (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 4.48-6.02). Indigenous and Black children were 7.8 and 6.81 times more likely to experience or witness violence when food insecure compared to food secure White children, respectively (95 % CI: 3.18-19.13, 5.24-8.86 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity was associated with increased odds of children experiencing and/or witnessing violence compared to those who were food secure. The interaction between exposure to violence and food insecurity also disproportionately impacts children with specific demographic factors, notably race/ethnicity including multiracial, Indigenous, and Black children. By developing and adapting strategies to improve food security, it is possible to indirectly reduce the rates of childhood exposure to violence and the long-term impacts that result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molly Bloom
- 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation, Office of Medical Student Research , Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Cassie McCoy
- 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation, Office of Medical Student Research , Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Amy D Hendrix-Dicken
- Senior Staff Research Assistant, Department of Pediatrics, 161413 University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine , Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Covenant Elenwo
- 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation, Office of Medical Student Research , Tahlequah, OK, USA
| | - Michael A Baxter
- Associate Professor of Pediatrics, Medical Director of Child Abuse Pediatrics Clinic, and Program Director of Child Abuse Pediatrics Fellowship, Department of Pediatrics, 161413 University of Oklahoma School of Community Medicine , Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Sara Coffey
- Associate Clinical Professor and Interim Chair, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 33264 Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences , Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Micah Hartwell
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 33264 Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences , Tulsa, OK, USA
- Director of Office of Medical Student Research, 12373 Oklahoma State University College of Osteopathic Medicine at Cherokee Nation , Tahlequah, OK, USA
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Chen E, Yu T, Ehrlich KB, Lam PH, Jiang T, McDade TW, Miller GE, Brody GH. Family Disadvantage, Education, and Health Outcomes Among Black Youths Over a 20-Year Period. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e242289. [PMID: 38551566 PMCID: PMC10980964 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.2289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Upward mobility (via educational attainment) is highly valued, but longitudinal associations with mental and physical health among Black youths are less understood. Objective To examine associations of childhood family disadvantage and college graduation with adult mental and physical health in Black youths followed up into adulthood. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal, prospective cohort study of Black youths from the state of Georgia who were studied for 20 years (ages 11 to 31 years) was conducted between 2001 and 2022. Participants for this study were drawn from the Strong African American Healthy Adults Program. Data analysis was conducted from April 2023 to January 2024. Exposures Family economic disadvantage (measured during the adolescent years) and college graduation (indicating upward mobility). Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcomes included mental health, substance use, and physical health. Mental health included a composite of internalizing and disruptive problems (anxiety, depression, anger, aggressive behaviors, and emotional reactivity). Substance use included a composite of smoking, drinking, and drug use. Physical health included metabolic syndrome (MetS) and proinflammatory phenotypes (immune cells mounting exaggerated cytokine responses to bacterial challenge and being insensitive to inhibitory signals from glucocorticoids). Mental and physical health measures were taken at age 31 and during the adolescent years. Linear and logistic regression analyses, as well as mediated moderation analyses, were conducted. Results The study population consisted of 329 Black youths (212 women [64%]; 117 men [36%]; mean [SD] age at follow-up, 31 [1] years). Compared with those who did not graduate college, those who graduated from college had 0.14 SD fewer mental health problems (b = -1.377; 95% CI, -2.529 to -0.226; β = -0.137; P = .02) and 0.13 SD lower levels of substance use (b = -0.114; 95% CI, -0.210 to -0.018; β = -0.131; P = .02). Residualized change scores revealed that college graduates showed greater decreases from age 16 to 31 years in mental health problems (b = -1.267; 95% CI, -2.360 to -0.174; β = -0.133; P = .02) and substance use problems (b = -0.116; 95% CI, -0.211 to -0.021; β = -0.136; P = .02). For physical health, significant interactions between childhood family disadvantage and college completion emerged in association with MetS (OR, 1.495; 95% CI, 1.111-2.012; P = .008) and proinflammatory phenotype (b = 0.051; 95% CI, 0.003 to 0.099; β = 0.131; P = .04). Among youths growing up in disadvantaged households, college completion was associated with a 32.6% greater likelihood of MetS (OR, 3.947; 95% CI, 1.003-15.502; P = .049) and 0.59 SD more proinflammatory phenotype (mean difference, 0.249, 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.497; P = .049). Conversely, among those from economically advantaged backgrounds, college completion was correlated with lower MetS and less proinflammatory phenotype. Findings held after controlling for body mass index at age 19 years. Conclusions and Relevance In this longitudinal cohort study of Black youths, graduating from college was associated with an adult profile of better mental health but poorer physical health among those from economic disadvantage. These findings suggest that developing interventions that foster healthy outcomes across multiple life domains may be important for ensuring that striving for upward mobility is not accompanied by unintended cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Katherine B. Ehrlich
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens
| | - Phoebe H. Lam
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Thomas W. McDade
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Gene H. Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens
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Taha AA, Bowen F, Jordan J, Johnson-Smith A, Salvetti B, Yue K, Wilson P, Woosley MC, Tate N. Through the Looking Glass: Diversity, Equity, Inclusion, and Belonging: A Call for Action from the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. J Pediatr Health Care 2024; 38:225-232. [PMID: 38429034 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
In response to growing health disparities, social inequities, structural racism, and discrimination, the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners established a Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Taskforce. In 2020, this group transitioned into a national committee to infuse equity across the organization and empower pediatric-focused advanced practice registered nurses as agents of change to address health disparities. Emphasizing the critical need for understanding health disparities in the context of racism and discrimination, this committee champions a paradigm shift, transcending educational initiatives, advisory roles, advocacy efforts, leadership strategies, and community services to illuminate an equitable future for all children and families.
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Eisen AM, Abdul-Rahman AQ, Dykes S, Driessnack M, Taha AA. An Innovative Educational Intervention for Pediatric Nurse Practitioner Faculty to Meet Social Justice Curriculum Standards. J Pediatr Health Care 2024; 38:248-252. [PMID: 38429037 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The association between adverse childhood experiences and negative health outcomes is a public health concern, particularly affecting disadvantaged groups and contributing to health disparities. Pediatric nurse practitioners are well-positioned to address this issue, emphasizing the importance of incorporating social justice concepts into nursing education to develop a pediatric workforce with the necessary skills to curb health disparities. However, evidence-based approaches to incorporating these concepts into pediatric nursing education are limited. To address this gap, we describe an innovative educational intervention that harnesses the power of narratives to empower future pediatric nurse practitioners as champions of social justice and health equity.
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Ehrlich KB, Celia-Sanchez ML, Yu T, Heard-Garris N, Chen E, Miller GE, Brody GH. Exposure to parental depression in adolescence and proinflammatory phenotypes 20 years later. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:196-203. [PMID: 38242368 PMCID: PMC10932843 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although the biological embedding model of adversity proposes that stressful experiences in childhood create a durable proinflammatory phenotype in immune cells, research to date has relied on study designs that limit our ability to make conclusions about whether the phenotype is long-lasting. The present study leverages an ongoing 20-year investigation of African American youth to test research questions about the extent to which stressors measured in childhood forecast a proinflammatory phenotype in adulthood, as indicated by exaggerated cytokine responses to bacterial stimuli, monocyte insensitivity to inhibitory signals from hydrocortisone, and low-grade inflammation. Parents reported on their depressive symptoms and unsupportive parenting tendencies across youths' adolescence. At age 31, youth participants (now adults) completed a fasting blood draw. Samples were incubated with lipopolysaccharide and doses of hydrocortisone to evaluate proinflammatory processes. Additionally, blood samples were tested for indicators of low-grade inflammation, including IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor. Analyses revealed that parental depression across youths' adolescence prospectively predicted indicators of proinflammatory phenotypes at age 31. Follow-up analyses suggested that unsupportive parenting mediated these associations. These findings suggest that exposure to parental depression in adolescence leaves an imprint on inflammatory activity that can be observed 20 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine B Ehrlich
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
| | | | - Tianyi Yu
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nia Heard-Garris
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gene H Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Lin WH, Chiao C. Adverse childhood experience and young adult's problematic Internet use: The role of hostility and loneliness. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106624. [PMID: 38227984 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and problematic Internet use (PIU) during young adulthood. Moreover, even fewer studies have explored the roles of loneliness (social and emotional) and hostility in this relationship. METHODS This study used data from the Taiwan Youth Project (2011-2017). The analytical sample included 1885 participants (mean age = 31.3 years). PIU was measured using the short form of Chen's Internet Addiction Scale (2017). ACEs were assessed at the baseline of the adolescent phase (mean age = 14.3 years); this indicator has undergone recent revision. Hostility (three items from the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised) and loneliness (six items from the De Jong Gierveld scale) were measured in 2011 and 2014, respectively. RESULTS ACEs were associated with hostility and loneliness (emotional and social). Additionally, hostility (β = 0.62, p < .01) and emotional loneliness (β = 0.44, p < .01) were significantly associated with PIU. Most mediating paths (e.g., ACE → hostility → PIU) were significant, based on the bootstrapping results. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that ACEs have a long-term shadow effect on PIU in young adults. ACEs show an indirect association with PIU through both hostility and loneliness, as well as involving the relationship between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsu Lin
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chi Chiao
- Institute of Health and Welfare, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Strenth CR, Smith M, Gonzalez L, Grant A, Thakur B, Levy Kamugisha EI. Mediational pathways exploring the link between adverse childhood experiences and physical health in a transgender population. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106678. [PMID: 38309101 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) consist of instances of abuse, neglect, or household dysfunction occurring before adulthood. Prevalence rates of ACEs are higher among specific populations, including gender minorities. In addition to ACEs, transgender individuals (TG) face many personal, social, and structural factors that have the potential to negatively impact their physical health. OBJECTIVE This study examines exploratory mediational pathways between ACEs and two health outcomes (i.e., general health and days physically ill) in TG. Mediators include everyday discrimination, social support, gender non-affirmation, and mental distress. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the U.S. Transgender Population Health Survey (TransPop) was used to conduct a serial/parallel mediation analysis. The TransPop survey included a total of 274 TG. RESULTS For both outcome variables, the same three indirect pathways were significant. First, ACEs were associated with increased mental distress, which was associated with a decrease in general health and an increase in days physically ill. Second, ACEs were associated with increased discrimination, which was associated with increased mental distress, and this was associated with a decrease in general health and an increase in days physically ill. Finally, ACEs were associated with discrimination, which was associated with increased gender non-affirmation which was associated with increased mental distress, and this was associated with a decrease in general health and an increase in days physically ill. CONCLUSION Interventions focused on reducing discrimination, gender non-affirmation, and poor mental health may be vital to improving the health of TG and to mitigating the indirect role of ACEs on TG health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chance R Strenth
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Margaret Smith
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Leo Gonzalez
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Abigail Grant
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Bhaskar Thakur
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
| | - Emily I Levy Kamugisha
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390, United States of America.
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Jiang T, Chen E, Lam PH, Kim J, Moon H, Miller GE. Peer support as moderator of association between socioeconomic status and low-grade inflammation in adolescents. Health Psychol 2024; 43:171-183. [PMID: 38010779 PMCID: PMC10922557 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals who grow up in low-socioeconomic status (SES) families are at an increased risk of health problems across the lifespan. Although supportive social relationships are postulated to be a protective factor for the health of these individuals, the role of friend support in adolescence is not well understood. Given that low-grade inflammation is one key biological mechanism proposed to explain links between family SES and health outcomes, we examined whether adolescents' friend support buffers the association between family SES and low-grade inflammation among adolescents. METHOD 277 dyads of adolescents (63.5% female; 39.4% White, 38.3% Black, and 32.1% Hispanic; Mage = 13.92 years) and one of their parents participated in this longitudinal study (two waves approximately 2 years apart). Parents reported family objective SES (i.e., income, savings, and education) and family subjective SES (i.e., subjective social status). Adolescents reported perceived friend support. Fasting antecubital blood was drawn from adolescents at both visits. Low-grade inflammatory activity was represented by a composite of inflammatory biomarkers and numbers of classical monocytes. RESULTS Adolescents' friend support moderated the associations of family subjective SES with both the inflammation composite and classical monocyte counts across cross-sectional, longitudinal, and prospective change (only significant for the inflammation composite) analyses. Specifically, lower family subjective SES was associated with higher levels of low-grade inflammation only among adolescents lower, but not higher, in friend support. No moderation was observed for objective SES. CONCLUSION Supportive peer relationships buffer the link between family subjective, but not objective, SES and low-grade inflammation in adolescence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Edith Chen
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University
| | - Jungwon Kim
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
| | - Hee Moon
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
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Miller GE, Carroll AL, Armstrong CC, Craske MG, Zinbarg RE, Bookheimer SY, Ka-Yi Chat I, Vinograd M, Young KS, Nusslock R. Major stress in early childhood strengthens the association between peripheral inflammatory activity and corticostriatal responsivity to reward. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:215-223. [PMID: 38244947 PMCID: PMC10932835 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe, chronic stress during childhood accentuates vulnerability to mental and physical health problems across the lifespan. To explain this phenomenon, the neuroimmune network hypothesis proposes that childhood stressors amplify signaling between peripheral inflammatory cells and developing brain circuits that support processing of rewards and threats. Here, we conducted a preliminary test of the basic premises of this hypothesis. METHODS 180 adolescents (mean age = 19.1 years; 68.9 % female) with diverse racial and ethnic identities (56.1 % White; 28.3 % Hispanic; 26.1 % Asian) participated. The Childhood Trauma Interview was administered to quantify early adversity. Five inflammatory biomarkers were assayed in antecubital blood - C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-a, and interleukins-6, -8, and -10 - and were averaged to form a composite score. Participants also completed a functional MRI task to measure corticostriatal responsivity to the anticipation and acquisition of monetary rewards. RESULTS Stress exposure and corticostriatal responsivity interacted statistically to predict the inflammation composite. Among participants who experienced major stressors in the first decade of life, higher inflammatory activity covaried with lower corticostriatal responsivity during acquisition of monetary rewards. This relationship was specific to participants who experienced major stress in early childhood, implying a sensitive period for exposure, and were evident in both the orbitofrontal cortex and the ventral striatum, suggesting the broad involvement of corticostriatal regions. The findings were independent of participants' age, sex, racial and ethnic identity, family income, and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the results are consistent with hypotheses suggesting that major stress in childhood alters brain-immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory E Miller
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States.
| | - Ann L Carroll
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Casey C Armstrong
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Richard E Zinbarg
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States; The Family Institute at Northwestern University, United States
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Iris Ka-Yi Chat
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Temple University, United States
| | - Meghan Vinograd
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Katherine S Young
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, United States
| | - Robin Nusslock
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, United States; Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, United States
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Abrahamyan A, Lucas R, Severo M, Talih M, Fraga S. Association between adverse childhood experiences and bodily pain in early adolescence. Stress Health 2024:e3383. [PMID: 38358262 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to examine the relationship between lifetime exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) during the first decade of life and recent pain features reported in early adolescence. We conducted a prospective study using data from 4564 adolescent Generation XXI birth cohort participants recruited in 2005-2006. Adverse childhood experiences were reported by children at ages 10 and 13 years using a 15-item questionnaire. Recent pain features (e.g., any pain, pain sites, recurrent pain intensity, and recurrent pain duration) were measured using structured questionnaires, including the Luebeck pain screening questionnaire at age 13. Using hierarchical binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses with progressive adjustments for confounders, we estimated the associations [adjused odds ratios (aOR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI)] between exposure to ACEs at 10 and pain features at 13 years. The study revealed a statistically significant association between exposure to ACEs reported at age 10 and any pain experienced at age 13 (OR = 1.09; 95% CI [1.07, 1.12]). Even after accounting for the newly reported ACEs at age 13, the association with ACEs at age 10, remained significant (aOR = 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08-1.14]). Consistent patterns were observed when the number of pain sites, recurrent pain intensity, or recurrent pain duration were used as outcome variables instead of any pain at age 13. Adverse childhood experiences occurring during the first decade of life predict the onset of pain features during early adolescence. Consequently, childhood exposure to adversity should be considered a pivotal initial exposure in a pathway leading to chronic pain later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armine Abrahamyan
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel Lucas
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - Milton Severo
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - Makram Talih
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Fraga
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional, Porto, Portugal
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Guo F, Chen X, Howland S, Danza P, Niu Z, Gauderman WJ, Habre R, McConnell R, Yan M, Whitfield L, Li Y, Hodis HN, Breton CV, Bastain TM, Farzan SF. Perceived Stress From Childhood to Adulthood and Cardiometabolic End Points in Young Adulthood: An 18-Year Prospective Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e030741. [PMID: 38230530 PMCID: PMC11056127 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated how childhood-to-adulthood perceived stress patterns predict adult cardiometabolic risk. METHODS AND RESULTS This study included 276 participants from the Southern California Children's Health Study (2003-2014), and a follow-up assessment (2018-2021). Perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale) was initially reported by participants' parents for themselves during early childhood (mean age, 6.3 years), and later self-reported during adolescence (13.3 years) and young adulthood (23.6 years). Participants were grouped into 4 stress patterns: consistently high, decreasing, increasing, and consistently low. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed in young adulthood by carotid artery intima-media thickness, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, obesity, percent body fat, android/gynoid ratio, and glycated hemoglobin. A cardiometabolic risk score was generated by summing the clinically abnormal markers. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were used to (1) examine the associations between Perceived Stress Scale at 3 time points and adult cardiometabolic risk, and (2) assess the impact of stress pattern on adult cardiometabolic risk. Findings suggested that in adulthood, higher Perceived Stress Scale score was associated with increased overall cardiometabolic risk (β=0.12 [95% CI, 0.01-0.22]), carotid artery intima-media thickness (β=0.01 [95% CI, 0.0003-0.02]), systolic blood pressure (β=1.27 [95% CI, 0.09-2.45]), and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.94 [95% CI, 0.13-1.75]). Individuals with a consistently high adolescence-to-adulthood stress pattern had greater overall cardiometabolic risk (β=0.31 [95% CI, 0.02-0.60]), android/gynoid ratio (β=0.07 [95% CI, 0.02-0.13]), percent body fat (β=2.59 [95% CI, 0.01-5.17]), and greater odds of obesity (odds ratio, 5.57 [95% CI, 1.62-19.10]) in adulthood, compared with those with a consistently low Perceived Stress Scale score. CONCLUSIONS Consistently high perceived stress from adolescence to adulthood may contribute to greater cardiometabolic risk in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangqi Guo
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Xinci Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Steve Howland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Phoebe Danza
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Zhongzheng Niu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - W. James Gauderman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Rima Habre
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Mingzhu Yan
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lora Whitfield
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Yanjie Li
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Howard N. Hodis
- Atherosclerosis Research UnitUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Theresa M. Bastain
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Shohreh F. Farzan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
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Lam PH, Chen E, Jiang T, Moon H, Passarelli V, Kim J, Miller GE. Responsive parental support buffers the link between chronic stress and cardiometabolic risk among adolescents. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 116:114-123. [PMID: 38052410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Youth exposed to chronic stress exhibit increased cardiometabolic risk which parental social support may attenuate. Notably, theories emphasize that support should be delivered responsively for it to exert buffering effects, but this has not been thoroughly tested empirically. This study examined whether timing of support is an important but unrecognized element of responsiveness during adolescence in buffering the link between chronic stress and cardiometabolic risk. Participants were 242 adolescents aged 15 years (63 % female, 38 % Black). Adolescents completed assessments of chronic stress (Life Stress Interview), and trained personnel collected anthropometric measures and blood samples to assess cardiometabolic risk (reflected in low-grade inflammation and metabolic syndrome). Adolescents also completed an eight-day diary assessment to report daily stressor exposure and parental support. Using the diary data, responsiveness of parental support was operationalized as the within-individual difference in parental support received on stressor (vs. non-stressor) days, such that increased parental support on stressor days reflected more timely support. Results suggest that responsive parental support buffered the link between chronic stress and cardiovascular risk. Specifically, chronic stress was associated with greater risk only when parental support was not temporally aligned with stress exposure, but this association was not observed among adolescents who received timely parental support. These findings shed light on why parental support may not always exert buffering effects during adolescence, highlighting the importance of taking a developmental approach to understanding protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe H Lam
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Edith Chen
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hee Moon
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Jungwon Kim
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Gregory E Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Hong SH, Yu CL, Rousson AN, Bender AE, Fedina L, Herrenkohl TI. Examining the Association Between Trauma Characteristics and Adult Depression and Anxiety: Analysis of Types, Variety, Repetition, and Timing of Past Trauma. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:569-586. [PMID: 37728007 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231198056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Past research has emphasized the impact of prior trauma on adult depression and anxiety rates. However, few studies have examined the simultaneous connection between various trauma characteristics (e.g., type, variety, repetition, timing) and symptoms of depression and anxiety in adults. Understanding how these different trauma characteristics relate to mental health issues can offer valuable insight into predicting the onset of such problems. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis with 356 adult participants to explore the associations between lifetime trauma history and depression/anxiety scores. Participants retrospectively reported on five different traumatic experiences from birth to the present, including childhood physical abuse, witnessing parental violence, lifetime experiences of rape, witnessing trauma to loved ones, and the unexpected death of loved ones. For each trauma type, participants indicated the timing of their first exposure and the frequency of subsequent occurrences. Depression and anxiety symptoms in the past 2 weeks were also self-reported. Multiple regression analyses with covariates were employed. On average, participants experienced two out of the five trauma types. Regardless of the type, having at least one traumatic experience was linked to higher depression and anxiety scores. Those who experienced all five trauma types reported the highest levels of depression and anxiety. Repeated instances of rape, witnessing trauma to loved ones, and the death of loved ones were significantly associated with elevated depression and anxiety scores. The timing of exposure to the unexpected death of loved ones predicted higher depression scores in childhood compared to adulthood, while no relationship between timing and anxiety scores was observed. Other trauma types did not show significant associations. Our study enhances knowledge of the link between trauma and depression/anxiety by elucidating how various trauma characteristics, such as type, variety, repetition, and timing of trauma, have differential influences on depression and anxiety scores.
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Dion J, Attard V, Guyon R, De La Sablonnière-Griffin M, Perreault É, Hébert M. Implementing a sexual violence prevention program in two Canadian Indigenous communities: Challenges and lessons learned. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 148:106271. [PMID: 37357071 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of child sexual violence remains overwhelming, particularly among Indigenous populations, despite increased awareness. Therefore, implementing efficient initiatives is crucial in preventing and reducing sexual violence rates among these groups. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the processes involved in the implementation of a sexual violence prevention program in two Indigenous communities in Canada and assess application of culturally safe practices. METHOD Eight Indigenous and non-Indigenous project managers underwent semi-structured interviews before the program's implementation; five of them also participated in the follow-up interviews. Moreover, thirteen Indigenous service providers from the two communities answered open-ended questions when the included training ended. RESULTS Thematic analysis revealed the importance of following an ongoing process (not only before implementing a program) to assess the needs of community members and involving them in decision-making. Administrative injunctions were also identified as a significant challenge during implementation. Results showed that participants reported the taboo of sexual violence as a challenge but that constant discussions about the prevention of sexual violence helped defuse the discomfort and foster trust between Indigenous and non-Indigenous professionals. Finally, participants provided recommendations to improve research and intervention practices. CONCLUSIONS Several takeaways were discussed to improve research practices with, by, and for Indigenous peoples, such as using collaborative communication, developing common understanding relative to work agendas, and increasing cultural competencies to build trust within the partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinthe Dion
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada; Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Virginie Attard
- Urbanisation Culture Société Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), INRS-UQAT Joint Research Unit in Indigenous Studies, Val-d'Or Campus, 663, 1re Avenue, Val-d'Or, Québec J9P 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Roxanne Guyon
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, boul. René-Lévesque Est, Montréal, Québec H2L 4Y2, Canada.
| | - Mireille De La Sablonnière-Griffin
- Urbanisation Culture Société Research Centre, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), INRS-UQAT Joint Research Unit in Indigenous Studies, Val-d'Or Campus, 663, 1re Avenue, Val-d'Or, Québec J9P 1Y3, Canada.
| | - Émilie Perreault
- Intersectoral Center for Sustainable Health, Department of Health Sciences, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 bl. Université, Saguenay, Québec G7H 2B1, Canada.
| | - Martine Hébert
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Intimate Relationship Problems and Sexual Abuse, Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, C.P 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3J7, Canada; Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, 455, boul. René-Lévesque Est, Montréal, Québec H2L 4Y2, Canada.
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Kraal AZ, Zaheed AB, Krasnova A, Vadari H, Byrd DR, Zahodne LB. Time-lagged associations between two adverse childhood experiences and later-life cognitive function through educational attainment and stroke. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:107-116. [PMID: 37401463 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772300036x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with worse cognitive health in older adulthood. This study aimed to extend findings on the specificity, persistence, and pathways of associations between two ACEs and cognition by using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery and a time-lagged mediation design. METHOD Participants were 3304 older adults in the Health and Retirement Study Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol. Participants retrospectively reported whether they were exposed to parental substance abuse or experienced parental physical abuse before age 18. Factor scores derived from a battery of 13 neuropsychological tests indexed cognitive domains of episodic memory, executive functioning, processing speed, language, and visuospatial function. Structural equation models examined self-reported years of education and stroke as mediators, controlling for sociodemographics and childhood socioeconomic status. RESULTS Parental substance abuse in childhood was associated with worse later-life cognitive function across all domains, in part via pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Parental physical abuse was associated with worse cognitive outcomes via stroke independent of education. CONCLUSIONS This national longitudinal study in the United States provides evidence for broad and persistent indirect associations between two ACEs and cognitive aging via differential pathways involving educational attainment and stroke. Future research should examine additional ACEs and mechanisms as well as moderators of these associations to better understand points of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zarina Kraal
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- G. H. Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Afsara B Zaheed
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anna Krasnova
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Harita Vadari
- Department of General Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - DeAnnah R Byrd
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Laura B Zahodne
- Department of Psychology, College of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Vital A, Siman-Tov M, Shlomai G, Davidov Y, Cohen-Hagai K, Shashar M, Askenasy E, Ghinea R, Mor E, Hod T. Assessing Health-Related Quality of Life in Non-Directed Versus Directed Kidney Donors: Implications for the Promotion of Non-Directed Donation. Transpl Int 2024; 37:12417. [PMID: 38283057 PMCID: PMC10811092 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2024.12417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Living kidney donation has increased significantly, but little is known about the post-donation health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of non-directed donors (NDs) vs. directed donors (DDs). We thus examined the outcomes of 112 living kidney donors (82 NDs, 30 DDs). For the primary outcomes-namely, the mean physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the 12-item Short Form Survey (SF-12) questionnaire-scores were significantly higher for the NDs vs. the DDs (PCS: +2.69, MCS: +4.43). For secondary outcomes, NDs had shorter hospital stays (3.4 vs. 4.4 days), returned to physical activity earlier (45 vs. 60 days), exercised more before and after donation, and continued physical activity post-donation. Regression analyses revealed that donor type and white blood cell count were predictive of the PCS-12 score, and donor type was predictive of the MCS-12 score. Non-directed donation was predictive of a shorter hospital stay (by 0.78 days, p < 0.001) and the odds of having PCS-12 and MCS-12 scores above 50 were almost 10 and 16 times higher for NDs, respectively (p < 0.05). These findings indicate the safety and potential benefits of promoting non-directed donation. However, careful selection processes must be maintained to prevent harm and exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Assaf Vital
- Arrow Program for Medical Research Education, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Maya Siman-Tov
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gadi Shlomai
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine D and Hypertension Unit, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yana Davidov
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Liver Disease Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Keren Cohen-Hagai
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Moshe Shashar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Laniado Hospital, Netanya, Israel
| | - Enosh Askenasy
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Ronen Ghinea
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Eytan Mor
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Tammy Hod
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Renal Transplant Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
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McTavish JR, McHolm A, Niec A, Pietrantonio AM, McKee C, MacMillan HL. Case conceptualization in child welfare: an underused resource to improve child, family, and provider outcomes. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1292690. [PMID: 38274420 PMCID: PMC10808490 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1292690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Case conceptualization, formally known as case formulation, is one tool that assists in determining the best course of action for children and families experiencing family violence that has been under-utilized in child welfare. In this article we present a step-by-step case conceptualization process that considers the child welfare context. We then present a hypothetical case example of a 10-year-old child referred by a child welfare worker to evidence-based treatment for mental health and behavioural concerns. Mental health services are not helpful for the child and further consultation is enlisted. To more effectively guide intervention and treatment planning and ultimately improve outcomes for the child, we present case conceptualization as a process that incorporates relevant aspects of the child and family's history and circumstance. We conclude with a succinct case conceptualization and treatment plan to show how the prognosis of the child can be improved when case conceptualization is employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill R. McTavish
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Angela McHolm
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Niec
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anna Marie Pietrantonio
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Christine McKee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Harriet L. MacMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Chen M, Cao C. The mediation effect of glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) methylation between childhood maltreatment and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents: A 2-year longitudinal study. Child Dev 2024; 95:144-159. [PMID: 37467343 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.13972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
This three-wave longitudinal study examined whether methylation alterations in promoter exon 1F of a stress-related gene-NR3C1 (NR3C1-1F)-explained the longitudinal associations between childhood maltreatment and adolescent depressive symptoms. A total of 370 Han Chinese adolescents (Mage = 16.31 ± 1.28 years; 51.4% girls) recruited from Shandong, China were tracked from 2018 to 2020. The results showed that the severity of childhood maltreatment, especially that of emotional abuse and physical neglect, conferred risk for adolescent depressive symptoms via reducing NR3C1-1F methylation levels. These mediation effects of NR3C1-1F methylation did not vary between adolescent sex or NR3C1 BclI and Tth111I polymorphisms. The findings highlight how childhood maltreatment contributes to psychopathology development at a biological level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Chen
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Cong Cao
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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50
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Truhan TE, Armour C. Perceived friendships protect against the development of anger following childhood adversities in UK military veteran men residing in Northern Ireland. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2023; 14:2289286. [PMID: 38084998 PMCID: PMC10993811 DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2023.2289286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Experience of childhood adversity is associated with greater anger as an adult, particularly in men. Soldiers and veterans report higher incidence of adverse childhood experiences, many of whom also experience elevated rates of PTSD and anger. However, little is known about factors which may protect against the development of anger after experiencing childhood adversity.Objective: This study aims to assess the potential protective aspects of perceived social support in military veterans.Methods: Data from the Northern Ireland Veterans' Health and Wellbeing Study (N = 590, Mage = 56) was utilised in regression models to examine perceived social support (family, friend, partner; MSPSS) as a moderator of the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEQ-10) and anger (DAR-7). This sample comprised men who were UK Armed Forces veterans residing in Northern Ireland.Results: Significant interaction effects, visualised using interaction plots, were found between perceived friend support and both child abuse and household challenge. When men perceived high friend support, there was no association between child abuse or household challenge and anger. For veteran men who perceived the maximum amount of partner support, there was no association between child abuse and anger. Family support did not change the positive association between child abuse, child neglect or household challenge and future anger.Conclusions: This study indicates that it is especially important to foster supportive and empathetic friendships for men that have experienced adversity as a child, perhaps through programmes such as Men's Sheds, as these friendships may alleviate the negative influences of child abuse and household challenge on anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayler E. Truhan
- Stress Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC) Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Cherie Armour
- Stress Trauma and Related Conditions (STARC) Research Centre, School of Psychology, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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