1
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Siewert LK, Fromm K, Dehio C, Pinschewer DD. Cutting Edge: Redundant Roles for MHC Class II-, CD1d-, and MR1-restricted T Cells in Clearing Bartonella Infection. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:553-558. [PMID: 38984869 PMCID: PMC11335324 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2400045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The importance of unconventional T cells for mucosal immunity is firmly established but for systemic bacterial infection remains less well defined. In this study, we explored the role of various T cell subsets in murine Bartonella infection, which establishes persistent bacteremia unless controlled by antibacterial Abs. We found that αβ T cells are essential for Ab production against and clearance of B. taylorii, whereas MHC class I (MHC-I)- or MHC class II (MHC-II)-deficient mice eliminated B. taylorii infection with normal kinetics. Similarly, animals lacking either CD1d or MR1 suppressed bacteremia with normal kinetics. Interestingly, mice with a combined deficiency of either MHC-II and CD1d or MHC-II and MR1 failed to clear the infection, indicating that the combination of CD1d- and MR1-restricted T cells can compensate for the lack of MHC-II in this model. Our data document a previously underappreciated contribution of unconventional T cells to the control of systemic bacterial infection, supposedly as helper cells for antibacterial Ab production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena K. Siewert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department Biomedicine–Haus Petersplatz, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katja Fromm
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Daniel D. Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department Biomedicine–Haus Petersplatz, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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2
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Specht CA, Wang R, Oliveira LVN, Hester MM, Gomez C, Mou Z, Carlson D, Lee CK, Hole CR, Lam WC, Upadhya R, Lodge JK, Levitz SM. Immunological correlates of protection mediated by a whole organism, Cryptococcus neoformans, vaccine deficient in chitosan. mBio 2024; 15:e0174624. [PMID: 38980038 PMCID: PMC11323574 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01746-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The global burden of infections due to the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus is substantial in persons with low CD4+ T-cell counts. Previously, we deleted three chitin deacetylase genes from Cryptococcus neoformans to create a chitosan-deficient, avirulent strain, designated as cda1∆2∆3∆, which, when used as a vaccine, protected mice from challenge with virulent C. neoformans strain KN99. Here, we explored the immunological basis for protection. Vaccine-mediated protection was maintained in mice lacking B cells or CD8+ T cells. In contrast, protection was lost in mice lacking α/β T cells or CD4+ T cells. Moreover, CD4+ T cells from vaccinated mice conferred protection upon adoptive transfer to naive mice. Importantly, while monoclonal antibody-mediated depletion of CD4+ T cells just prior to vaccination resulted in complete loss of protection, significant protection was retained in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells after vaccination but prior to challenge. Vaccine-mediated protection was lost in mice genetically deficient in interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), or interleukin (IL)-23p19. A robust influx of leukocytes and IFNγ- and TNFα-expressing CD4+ T cells was seen in the lungs of vaccinated and challenged mice. Finally, a higher level of IFNγ production by lung cells stimulated ex vivo correlated with lower fungal burden in the lungs. Thus, while B cells and CD8+ T cells are dispensable, IFNγ and CD4+ T cells have overlapping roles in generating protective immunity prior to cda1∆2∆3∆ vaccination. However, once vaccinated, protection becomes less dependent on CD4+ T cells, suggesting a strategy for vaccinating HIV+ persons prior to loss of CD4+ T cells. IMPORTANCE The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for >100,000 deaths annually, mostly in persons with impaired CD4+ T-cell function such as AIDS. There are no approved human vaccines. We previously created a genetically engineered avirulent strain of C. neoformans, designated as cda1∆2∆3∆. When used as a vaccine, cda1∆2∆3∆ protects mice against a subsequent challenge with a virulent C. neoformans strain. Here, we defined components of the immune system responsible for vaccine-mediated protection. We found that while B cells and CD8+ T cells were dispensible, protection was lost in mice genetically deficient in CD4+ T cells and the cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, or IL-23. A robust influx of cytokine-producing CD4+ T cells was seen in the lungs of vaccinated mice following infection. Importantly, protection was retained in mice depleted of CD4+ T cells following vaccination, suggesting a strategy to protect persons who are at risk of future CD4+ T-cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Specht
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ruiying Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lorena V. N. Oliveira
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maureen M. Hester
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Gomez
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Zhongming Mou
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diana Carlson
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chrono K. Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Camaron R. Hole
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Woei C. Lam
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Rajendra Upadhya
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Lodge
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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Bayer AL, Zambrano MA, Smolgovsky S, Robbe ZL, Ariza A, Kaur K, Sawden M, Avery A, London C, Asnani A, Alcaide P. Cytotoxic T cells drive doxorubicin-induced cardiac fibrosis and systolic dysfunction. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:970-986. [PMID: 39196030 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00507-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin, the most prescribed chemotherapeutic drug, causes dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and heart failure. However, our understanding of the immune response elicited by doxorubicin is limited. Here we show that an aberrant CD8+ T cell immune response following doxorubicin-induced cardiac injury drives adverse remodeling and cardiomyopathy. Doxorubicin treatment in non-tumor-bearing mice increased circulating and cardiac IFNγ+CD8+ T cells and activated effector CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissues. Moreover, doxorubicin promoted cardiac CD8+ T cell infiltration and depletion of CD8+ T cells in doxorubicin-treated mice decreased cardiac fibrosis and improved systolic function. Doxorubicin treatment induced ICAM-1 expression by cardiac fibroblasts resulting in enhanced CD8+ T cell adhesion and transformation, contact-dependent CD8+ degranulation and release of granzyme B. Canine lymphoma patients and human patients with hematopoietic malignancies showed increased circulating CD8+ T cells after doxorubicin treatment. In human cancer patients, T cells expressed IFNγ and CXCR3, and plasma levels of the CXCR3 ligands CXCL9 and CXCL10 correlated with decreased systolic function.
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Grants
- HL162200 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- HL159907A U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- NIH R01 HL163172 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- Springboard Tier 1 Tufts University
- HL144477 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 906361 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- 3R01HL144477-04S1 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- NIH K08 HL145019 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 906561 American Heart Association (American Heart Association, Inc.)
- HL165725 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- NIH U01CA272268 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Cancer Institute (NCI)
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Abul Ariza
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Machlan Sawden
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Cheryl London
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aarti Asnani
- CardioVascular Institute, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Qi Q, Zhang H, Jin Z, Wang C, Xia M, Chen B, Lv B, Peres Diaz L, Li X, Feng R, Qiu M, Li Y, Meseguer D, Zheng X, Wang W, Song W, Huang H, Wu H, Chen L, Schneeberger M, Yu X. Hydrogen sulfide produced by the gut microbiota impairs host metabolism via reducing GLP-1 levels in male mice. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1601-1615. [PMID: 39030389 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been implicated in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and may impair host metabolism through harmful metabolites. Here, we show that Desulfovibrio, an intestinal symbiont enriched in patients with MetS, suppresses the production of the gut hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) through the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in male mice. Desulfovibrio-derived H2S is found to inhibit mitochondrial respiration and induce the unfolded protein response in intestinal L cells, thereby hindering GLP-1 secretion and gene expression. Remarkably, blocking Desulfovibrio and H2S with an over-the-counter drug, bismuth subsalicylate, improves GLP-1 production and ameliorates diet-induced metabolic disorder in male mice. Together, our study uncovers that Desulfovibrio-derived H2S compromises GLP-1 production, shedding light on the gut-relayed mechanisms by which harmful microbiota-derived metabolites impair host metabolism in MetS and suggesting new possibilities for treating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheyu Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changchun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bandy Chen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Bomin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ludmila Peres Diaz
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute for Biomolecular Design and Discovery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ru Feng
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Li
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - David Meseguer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaojiao Zheng
- Center for Translational Medicine and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - He Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Fudan Microbiome Center, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microorganisms, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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de Greef PC, Njeru SN, Benz C, Fillatreau S, Malissen B, Agenès F, de Boer RJ, Kirberg J. The TCR assigns naive T cells to a preferred lymph node. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0796. [PMID: 39047099 PMCID: PMC11268406 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Naive T cells recirculate between the spleen and lymph nodes where they mount immune responses when meeting dendritic cells presenting foreign antigen. As this may happen anywhere, naive T cells ought to visit all lymph nodes. Here, deep sequencing almost-complete TCR repertoires led to a comparison of different lymph nodes within and between individual mice. We find strong evidence for a deterministic CD4/CD8 lineage choice and a consistent spatial structure. Specifically, some T cells show a preference for one or multiple lymph nodes, suggesting that their TCR interacts with locally presented (self-)peptides. These findings are mirrored in TCR-transgenic mice showing localized CD69 expression, retention, and cell division. Thus, naive T cells intermittently sense antigenically dissimilar niches, which is expected to affect their homeostatic competition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/metabolism
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Lectins, C-Type/metabolism
- Lectins, C-Type/genetics
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. de Greef
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Claudia Benz
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, IMG53, Langen, Germany
| | - Simon Fillatreau
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Necker Enfants Malades-INEM, F-75015 Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, CNRS, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Fabien Agenès
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Inserm, Délégation Régionale Auvergne Rhône Alpes, 69500 Bron, France
| | - Rob J. de Boer
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jörg Kirberg
- Division of Immunology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, IMG53, Langen, Germany
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6
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Brown AJ, White J, Shaw L, Gross J, Slabodkin A, Kushner E, Greiff V, Matsuda J, Gapin L, Scott-Browne J, Kappler J, Marrack P. MHC heterozygosity limits T cell receptor variability in CD4 T cells. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eado5295. [PMID: 38996008 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.ado5295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
αβ T cell receptor (TCR) V(D)J genes code for billions of TCR combinations. However, only some appear on peripheral T cells in any individual because, to mature, thymocytes must react with low affinity but not high affinity with thymus expressed major histocompatibility (MHC)/peptides. MHC proteins are very polymorphic. Different alleles bind different peptides. Therefore, any individual might express many different MHC alleles to ensure that some peptides from an invader are bound to MHC and activate T cells. However, most individuals express limited numbers of MHC alleles. To explore this, we compared the TCR repertoires of naïve CD4 T cells in mice expressing one or two MHC alleles. Unexpectedly, the TCRs in heterozygotes were less diverse that those in the sum of their MHC homozygous relatives. Our results suggest that thymus negative selection cancels out the advantages of increased thymic positive selection in the MHC heterozygotes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Heterozygote
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/immunology
- Major Histocompatibility Complex/genetics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Mice, Transgenic
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Brown
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Janice White
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laura Shaw
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Jimmy Gross
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Andrei Slabodkin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen OUS HF Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ella Kushner
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Postboks 4950 Nydalen OUS HF Rikshospitalet, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jennifer Matsuda
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
| | - Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James Scott-Browne
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - John Kappler
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 1775 Aurora Ct, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Philippa Marrack
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St, Denver, CO 80206, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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7
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Specht CA, Wang R, Oliveira LVN, Hester MM, Gomez C, Mou Z, Carlson D, Lee CK, Hole CR, Lam WC, Upadhya R, Lodge JK, Levitz SM. Immunological correlates of protection mediated by a whole organism Cryptococcus neoformans vaccine deficient in chitosan. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.12.598760. [PMID: 38915489 PMCID: PMC11195286 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.12.598760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The global burden of infections due to the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus is substantial in persons with low CD4 + T cell counts. Previously, we deleted three chitin deacetylase genes from C. neoformans to create a chitosan-deficient, avirulent strain, designated cda1Δ2Δ3Δ which, when used as a vaccine, protected mice from challenge with virulent C. neoformans strain KN99. Here, we explored the immunological basis for protection. Vaccine-mediated protection was maintained in mice lacking B cells or CD8 + T cells. In contrast, protection was lost in mice lacking α/β T cells or CD4 + T cells. Moreover, CD4 + T cells from vaccinated mice conferred protection upon adoptive transfer to naive mice. Importantly, while monoclonal antibody-mediated depletion of CD4 + T cells just prior to vaccination resulted in complete loss of protection, significant protection was retained in mice depleted of CD4 + T cells after vaccination, but prior to challenge. Vaccine-mediated protection was lost in mice genetically deficient in IFNγ, TNFα, or IL-23p19. A robust influx of leukocytes and IFNγ- and TNFα-expressing CD4 + T cells was seen in the lungs of vaccinated and challenged mice. Finally, a higher level of IFNγ production by lung cells stimulated ex vivo correlated with lower fungal burden in the lungs. Thus, while B cells and CD8 + T cells are dispensable, IFNγ and CD4 + T cells have overlapping roles in generating protective immunity prior to cda1Δ2Δ3Δ vaccination. However, once vaccinated, protection becomes less dependent on CD4 + T cells, suggesting a strategy for vaccinating HIV + persons prior to loss of CD4 + T cells. Importance The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is responsible for >100,000 deaths annually, mostly in persons with impaired CD4 + T cell function such as AIDS. There are no approved human vaccines. We previously created a genetically engineered avirulent strain of C. neoformans , designated cda1Δ2Δ3Δ . When used as a vaccine, cda1Δ2Δ3Δ protects mice against a subsequent challenge with a virulent C. neoformans strain. Here, we defined components of the immune system responsible for vaccine-mediated protection. We found that while B cells and CD8 + T cells were dispensible, protection was lost in mice genetically deficient in CD4 + T cells, and the cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, or IL-23. A robust influx of cytokine-producing CD4 + T cells was seen in the lungs of vaccinated mice following infection. Importantly, protection was retained in mice depleted of CD4 + T cells following vaccination, suggesting a strategy to protect persons who are at risk for future CD4 + T cell dysfunction.
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8
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Šestan M, Mikašinović S, Benić A, Wueest S, Dimitropoulos C, Mladenić K, Krapić M, Hiršl L, Glantzspiegel Y, Rasteiro A, Aliseychik M, Cekinović Grbeša Đ, Turk Wensveen T, Babić M, Gat-Viks I, Veiga-Fernandes H, Konrad D, Wensveen FM, Polić B. An IFNγ-dependent immune-endocrine circuit lowers blood glucose to potentiate the innate antiviral immune response. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:981-993. [PMID: 38811816 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01848-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Viral infection makes us feel sick as the immune system alters systemic metabolism to better fight the pathogen. The extent of these changes is relative to the severity of disease. Whether blood glucose is subject to infection-induced modulation is mostly unknown. Here we show that strong, nonlethal infection restricts systemic glucose availability, which promotes the antiviral type I interferon (IFN-I) response. Following viral infection, we find that IFNγ produced by γδ T cells stimulates pancreatic β cells to increase glucose-induced insulin release. Subsequently, hyperinsulinemia lessens hepatic glucose output. Glucose restriction enhances IFN-I production by curtailing lactate-mediated inhibition of IRF3 and NF-κB signaling. Induced hyperglycemia constrained IFN-I production and increased mortality upon infection. Our findings identify glucose restriction as a physiological mechanism to bring the body into a heightened state of responsiveness to viral pathogens. This immune-endocrine circuit is disrupted in hyperglycemia, possibly explaining why patients with diabetes are more susceptible to viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Šestan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sanja Mikašinović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ante Benić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stephan Wueest
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Karlo Mladenić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Mia Krapić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lea Hiršl
- Center for Proteomics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Yossef Glantzspiegel
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ana Rasteiro
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Aliseychik
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Tamara Turk Wensveen
- Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Cardiometabolism, Thallassotherapia, Opatija, Croatia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Babić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Innate Immunity, German Rheumatism Research Centre, Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irit Gat-Viks
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Daniel Konrad
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix M Wensveen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Bojan Polić
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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9
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Chen Q, Muñoz AR, Korchagina AA, Shou Y, Vallecer J, Todd AW, Shein SA, Tumanov AV, Koroleva E. LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells protects from chemotherapy-induced mucosal damage. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1388496. [PMID: 38873613 PMCID: PMC11169669 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1388496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate immune mechanisms governing mucosal healing following intestinal damage induced by cytotoxic drugs remain poorly understood. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) signaling in chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage. LTβR deficient mice exhibited heightened body weight loss, exacerbated intestinal pathology, increased proinflammatory cytokine expression, reduced IL-22 expression, and proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells following methotrexate (MTX) treatment. Furthermore, LTβR-/-IL-22-/- mice succumbed to MTX treatment, suggesting that LTβR- and IL-22- dependent pathways jointly promote mucosal repair. Although both LTβR ligands LIGHT and LTβ were upregulated in the intestine early after MTX treatment, LIGHT-/- mice, but not LTβ-/- mice, displayed exacerbated disease. Further, we revealed the critical role of T cells in mucosal repair as T cell-deficient mice failed to upregulate intestinal LIGHT expression and exhibited increased body weight loss and intestinal pathology. Analysis of mice with conditional inactivation of LTβR revealed that LTβR signaling in intestinal epithelial cells, but not in Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells, macrophages or dendritic cells was critical for mucosal repair. Furthermore, inactivation of the non-canonical NF-kB pathway member RelB in intestinal epithelial cells promoted MTX-induced disease. Based on these results, we propose a model wherein LIGHT produced by T cells activates LTβR-RelB signaling in intestinal epithelial cells to facilitate mucosal repair following chemotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangxing Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Amanda R. Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Anna A. Korchagina
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Yajun Shou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Xiangya Hospital, and Research Center of Digestive Disease, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jensine Vallecer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Austin W. Todd
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Sergey A. Shein
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Alexei V. Tumanov
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Ekaterina Koroleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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10
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Minimal Determinants for Lifelong Antiviral Antibody Responses in Mice from a Single Exposure to Virus-like Immunogens at Low Doses. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:405. [PMID: 38675787 PMCID: PMC11054763 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The durability of an antibody (Ab) response is highly important for antiviral vaccines. However, due to the complex compositions of natural virions, the molecular determinants of Ab durability from viral infection or inactivated viral vaccines have been incompletely understood. Here we used a reductionist system of liposome-based virus-like structures to examine the durability of Abs from primary immune responses in mice. This system allowed us to independently vary fundamental viral attributes and to do so without additional adjuvants to model natural viruses. We show that a single injection of protein antigens (Ags) orderly displayed on a virion-sized liposome is sufficient to induce a long-lived neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. The introduction of internal nucleic acids dramatically modulates the magnitude of Ab responses without an alteration of the long-term kinetic trends. These Abs are characterized by very slow off-rates of ~0.0005 s-1, which emerged as early as day 5 after injection and these off-rates are comparable to that of affinity-matured monoclonal Abs. A single injection of these structures at doses as low as 100 ng led to lifelong nAb production in mice. Thus, a minimal virus-like immunogen can give rise to potent and long-lasting antiviral Abs in a primary response in mice without live infection. This has important implications for understanding both live viral infection and for optimizing vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Yun Wholey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Alexander R. Meyer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Sekou-Tidiane Yoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
| | - Bryce Chackerian
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Julie Zikherman
- Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (W.-Y.W.); (A.R.M.); (S.-T.Y.)
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 W. Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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11
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This S, Costantino S, Melichar HJ. Machine learning predictions of T cell antigen specificity from intracellular calcium dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk2298. [PMID: 38446885 PMCID: PMC10917351 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk2298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies rely on the production of T cells with an antigen receptor that directs their specificity toward tumor-specific antigens. Methods for identifying relevant T cell receptor (TCR) sequences, predominantly achieved through the enrichment of antigen-specific T cells, represent a major bottleneck in the production of TCR-engineered cell therapies. Fluctuation of intracellular calcium is a proximal readout of TCR signaling and candidate marker for antigen-specific T cell identification that does not require T cell expansion; however, calcium fluctuations downstream of TCR engagement are highly variable. We propose that machine learning algorithms may allow for T cell classification from complex datasets such as polyclonal T cell signaling events. Using deep learning tools, we demonstrate accurate prediction of TCR-transgenic CD8+ T cell activation based on calcium fluctuations and test the algorithm against T cells bearing a distinct TCR as well as polyclonal T cells. This provides the foundation for an antigen-specific TCR sequence identification pipeline for adoptive T cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien This
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Santiago Costantino
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Heather J. Melichar
- Centre de recherche de l'Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Département de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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12
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. Minimal determinants for lifelong antiviral antibody responses in BALB/c mice from a single exposure to virus-like immunogens at low doses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.02.20.529089. [PMID: 36865112 PMCID: PMC9979986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
However, due to the complex compositions of natural virions, the molecular determinants of Ab durability from viral infection or inactivated viral vaccines have been incompletely understood. Here we used a reductionist system of liposome-based virus-like structures to examine the durability of Abs in primary immune responses in mice. This system allowed us to independently vary fundamental viral attributes and to do so without additional adjuvants to model natural viruses. We show that a single injection of antigens (Ags) orderly displayed on a virion-sized liposome is sufficient to induce a long-lived neutralizing Ab (nAb) response. Introduction of internal nucleic acids dramatically modulates the magnitude of long-term Ab responses without alteration of the long-term kinetic trends. These Abs are characterized by exceptionally slow off-rates of ~0.0005 s-1, which emerged as early as day 5 after injection and these off-rates are comparable to that of affinity-matured monoclonal Abs. A single injection of these structures at doses as low as 100 ng led to lifelong nAb production in BALB/c mice. Thus, a minimal virus-like immunogen can give rise to potent and long-lasting antiviral Abs in a primary response in mice without live infection. This has important implications for understanding both live viral infection and for optimized vaccine design.
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13
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Brunner TM, Serve S, Marx AF, Fadejeva J, Saikali P, Dzamukova M, Durán-Hernández N, Kommer C, Heinrich F, Durek P, Heinz GA, Höfer T, Mashreghi MF, Kühn R, Pinschewer DD, Löhning M. A type 1 immunity-restricted promoter of the IL-33 receptor gene directs antiviral T-cell responses. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:256-267. [PMID: 38172258 PMCID: PMC10834369 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The pleiotropic alarmin interleukin-33 (IL-33) drives type 1, type 2 and regulatory T-cell responses via its receptor ST2. Subset-specific differences in ST2 expression intensity and dynamics suggest that transcriptional regulation is key in orchestrating the context-dependent activity of IL-33-ST2 signaling in T-cell immunity. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized alternative promoter in mice and humans that is located far upstream of the curated ST2-coding gene and drives ST2 expression in type 1 immunity. Mice lacking this promoter exhibit a selective loss of ST2 expression in type 1- but not type 2-biased T cells, resulting in impaired expansion of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) and T-helper 1 cells upon viral infection. T-cell-intrinsic IL-33 signaling via type 1 promoter-driven ST2 is critical to generate a clonally diverse population of antiviral short-lived effector CTLs. Thus, lineage-specific alternative promoter usage directs alarmin responsiveness in T-cell subsets and offers opportunities for immune cell-specific targeting of the IL-33-ST2 axis in infections and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias M Brunner
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sebastian Serve
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna-Friederike Marx
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jelizaveta Fadejeva
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philippe Saikali
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria Dzamukova
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nayar Durán-Hernández
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Kommer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta A Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Höfer
- Division of Theoretical Systems Biology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- BioQuant Center, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Kühn
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel D Pinschewer
- Division of Experimental Virology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Max Löhning
- Experimental Immunology and Osteoarthritis Research, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Pitzer Laboratory of Osteoarthritis Research, German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Jamaleddine H, Rogers D, Perreault G, Postat J, Patel D, Mandl JN, Khadra A. Chronic infection control relies on T cells with lower foreign antigen binding strength generated by N-nucleotide diversity. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002465. [PMID: 38300945 PMCID: PMC10833529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The breadth of pathogens to which T cells can respond is determined by the T cell receptors (TCRs) present in an individual's repertoire. Although more than 90% of the sequence diversity among TCRs is generated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated N-nucleotide addition during V(D)J recombination, the benefit of TdT-altered TCRs remains unclear. Here, we computationally and experimentally investigated whether TCRs with higher N-nucleotide diversity via TdT make distinct contributions to acute or chronic pathogen control specifically through the inclusion of TCRs with lower antigen binding strengths (i.e., lower reactivity to peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)). When T cells with high pMHC reactivity have a greater propensity to become functionally exhausted than those of low pMHC reactivity, our computational model predicts a shift toward T cells with low pMHC reactivity over time during chronic, but not acute, infections. This TCR-affinity shift is critical, as the elimination of T cells with lower pMHC reactivity in silico substantially increased the time to clear a chronic infection, while acute infection control remained largely unchanged. Corroborating an affinity-centric benefit for TCR diversification via TdT, we found evidence that TdT-deficient TCR repertoires possess fewer T cells with weaker pMHC binding strengths in vivo and showed that TdT-deficient mice infected with a chronic, but not an acute, viral pathogen led to protracted viral clearance. In contrast, in the case of a chronic fungal pathogen where T cells fail to clear the infection, both our computational model and experimental data showed that TdT-diversified TCR repertoires conferred no additional protection to the hosts. Taken together, our in silico and in vivo data suggest that TdT-mediated TCR diversity is of particular benefit for the eventual resolution of prolonged pathogen replication through the inclusion of TCRs with lower foreign antigen binding strengths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Perreault
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jérémy Postat
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dhanesh Patel
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anmar Khadra
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Wholey WY, Meyer AR, Yoda ST, Mueller JL, Mathenge R, Chackerian B, Zikherman J, Cheng W. An integrated signaling threshold initiates IgG response towards virus-like immunogens. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.28.577643. [PMID: 38469153 PMCID: PMC10926662 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.28.577643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Class-switched neutralizing antibody (nAb) production is rapidly induced upon many viral infections. However, due to the presence of multiple components in typical virions, the precise biochemical and biophysical signals from viral infections that initiate nAb responses remain inadequately defined. Using a reductionist system of synthetic virus-like structures (SVLS) containing minimal, highly purified biochemical components commonly found in enveloped viruses, here we show that a foreign protein on a virion-sized liposome can serve as a stand-alone danger signal to initiate class-switched nAb responses in the absence of cognate T cell help or Toll-like receptor signaling but requires CD19, the antigen (Ag) coreceptor on B cells. Introduction of internal nucleic acids (iNAs) obviates the need for CD19, lowers the epitope density (ED) required to elicit the Ab response and transforms these structures into highly potent immunogens that rival conventional virus-like particles in their ability to elicit strong Ag-specific IgG. As early as day 5 after immunization, structures harbouring iNAs and decorated with just a few molecules of surface Ag at doses as low as 100 ng induced all IgG subclasses of Ab known in mice and reproduced the IgG2a/2c restriction that has been long observed in live viral infections. These findings reveal a shared mechanism for nAb response upon viral infection. High ED is capable but not necessary for driving Ab secretion in vivo . Instead, even a few molecules of surface Ag, when combined with nucleic acids within these structures, can trigger strong antiviral IgG production. As a result, the signaling threshold for the induction of neutralizing IgG is set by dual signals originating from both ED on the surface and the presence of iNAs within viral particulate immunogens. One-sentence summary Reconstitution of minimal viral signals necessary to initiate antiviral IgG.
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16
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Wamhoff EC, Ronsard L, Feldman J, Knappe GA, Hauser BM, Romanov A, Case JB, Sanapala S, Lam EC, Denis KJS, Boucau J, Barczak AK, Balazs AB, Diamond MS, Schmidt AG, Lingwood D, Bathe M. Enhancing antibody responses by multivalent antigen display on thymus-independent DNA origami scaffolds. Nat Commun 2024; 15:795. [PMID: 38291019 PMCID: PMC10828404 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Protein-based virus-like particles (P-VLPs) are commonly used to spatially organize antigens and enhance humoral immunity through multivalent antigen display. However, P-VLPs are thymus-dependent antigens that are themselves immunogenic and can induce B cell responses that may neutralize the platform. Here, we investigate thymus-independent DNA origami as an alternative material for multivalent antigen display using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, the primary target of neutralizing antibody responses. Sequential immunization of mice with DNA-based VLPs (DNA-VLPs) elicits protective neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a manner that depends on the valency of the antigen displayed and on T cell help. Importantly, the immune sera do not contain boosted, class-switched antibodies against the DNA scaffold, in contrast to P-VLPs that elicit strong B cell memory against both the target antigen and the scaffold. Thus, DNA-VLPs enhance target antigen immunogenicity without generating scaffold-directed immunity and thereby offer an important alternative material for particulate vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike-Christian Wamhoff
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Larance Ronsard
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Jared Feldman
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Grant A Knappe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Blake M Hauser
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Anna Romanov
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - James Brett Case
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shilpa Sanapala
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Evan C Lam
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kerri J St Denis
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Julie Boucau
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Amy K Barczak
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Alejandro B Balazs
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Aaron G Schmidt
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Daniel Lingwood
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Mark Bathe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Harvard Medical School Initiative for RNA Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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17
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Imbiakha B, Sahler JM, Buchholz DW, Ezzatpour S, Jager M, Choi A, Monreal IA, Byun H, Adeleke RA, Leach J, Whittaker G, Dewhurst S, Rudd BD, Aguilar HC, August A. Adaptive immune cells are necessary for SARS-CoV-2-induced pathology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadg5461. [PMID: 38170764 PMCID: PMC10775995 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg5461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is causing the ongoing global pandemic associated with morbidity and mortality in humans. Although disease severity correlates with immune dysregulation, the cellular mechanisms of inflammation and pathogenesis of COVID-19 remain relatively poorly understood. Here, we used mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2 strain MA10 to investigate the role of adaptive immune cells in disease. We found that while infected wild-type mice lost ~10% weight by 3 to 4 days postinfection, rag-/- mice lacking B and T lymphocytes did not lose weight. Infected lungs at peak weight loss revealed lower pathology scores, fewer neutrophils, and lower interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in rag-/- mice. Mice lacking αβ T cells also had less severe weight loss, but adoptive transfer of T and B cells into rag-/- mice did not significantly change the response. Collectively, these findings suggest that while adaptive immune cells are important for clearing SARS-CoV-2 infection, this comes at the expense of increased inflammation and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Imbiakha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julie M. Sahler
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - David W. Buchholz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Shahrzad Ezzatpour
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Mason Jager
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Annette Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Isaac A. Monreal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Haewon Byun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Richard Ayomide Adeleke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Justin Leach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Gary Whittaker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Brian D. Rudd
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Defense; Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Hector C. Aguilar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Defense; Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Cornell University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Institute of Host-Microbe Interactions and Defense; Cornell Center for Immunology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Cornell Center for Health Equity, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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18
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Dolbec D, Lehoux M, de Beauville AA, Zahn A, Di Noia JM, Segura M. Unmutated but T cell dependent IgM antibodies targeting Streptococcus suis play an essential role in bacterial clearance. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011957. [PMID: 38241393 PMCID: PMC10829992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important encapsulated bacterial swine pathogen and zoonotic agent for which no effective vaccine exists. The interaction with B cells and the humoral response against S. suis are poorly understood despite their likely relevance for a potential vaccine. We evaluated germinal center (GC) B cell kinetics, as well as the production and role of S. suis-specific antibodies following infections in a mouse model. We found that mice infected with S. suis developed GC that peaked 13-21 days post-infection. GC further increased and persisted upon periodic reinfection that mimics real life conditions in swine farms. Anti-S. suis IgM and several IgG subclasses were produced, but antibodies against the S. suis capsular polysaccharide (CPS) were largely IgM. Interestingly, depletion of total IgG from the wild-type mice sera had no effect on bacterial killing by opsonophagocytosis in vitro. Somatic hypermutation and isotype switching were dispensable for controlling the infection or anti-CPS IgM production. However, T cell-deficient (Tcrb-/-) mice were unable to control bacteremia, produce optimal anti-CPS IgM titers, or elicit antibodies with opsonophagocytic activity. SAP deficiency, which prevents GC formation but not extrafollicular B cell responses, ablated anti S. suis-IgG production but maintained IgM production and eliminated the infection. In contrast, B cell deficient mice were unable to control bacteremia. Collectively, our results indicate that the antibody response plays a large role in immunity against S. suis, with GC-independent but T cell-dependent germline IgM being the major effective antibody specificities. Our results further highlight the importance IgM, and potentially anti-CPS antibodies, in clearing S. suis infections and provide insight for future development of S. suis vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Dolbec
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Lehoux
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexis Asselin de Beauville
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
| | - Astrid Zahn
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Quebec, Canada
| | - Javier Marcelo Di Noia
- Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Center for Immunity, Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mariela Segura
- Research Group on Infectious Diseases in Production Animals (GREMIP) and Swine and Poultry Infectious Diseases Research Center (CRIPA), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada
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19
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Textor J, Buytenhuijs F, Rogers D, Gauthier ÈM, Sultan S, Wortel IMN, Kalies K, Fähnrich A, Pagel R, Melichar HJ, Westermann J, Mandl JN. Machine learning analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire identifies sequence features of self-reactivity. Cell Syst 2023; 14:1059-1073.e5. [PMID: 38061355 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The T cell receptor (TCR) determines specificity and affinity for both foreign and self-peptides presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). Although the strength of TCR interactions with self-pMHC impacts T cell function, it has been challenging to identify TCR sequence features that predict T cell fate. To discern patterns distinguishing TCRs from naive CD4+ T cells with low versus high self-reactivity, we used data from 42 mice to train a machine learning (ML) algorithm that identifies population-level differences between TCRβ sequence sets. This approach revealed that weakly self-reactive T cell populations were enriched for longer CDR3β regions and acidic amino acids. We tested our ML predictions of self-reactivity using retrogenic mice with fixed TCRβ sequences. Extrapolating our analyses to independent datasets, we predicted high self-reactivity for regulatory T cells and slightly reduced self-reactivity for T cells responding to chronic infections. Our analyses suggest a potential trade-off between TCR repertoire diversity and self-reactivity. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Textor
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands; Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands.
| | - Franka Buytenhuijs
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands
| | - Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada
| | - Ève Mallet Gauthier
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases, and Immunology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Shabaz Sultan
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands; Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M N Wortel
- Data Science Group, Institute for Computing and Information Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen 6525 EC, the Netherlands; Medical BioSciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen 6525 GA, the Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Kalies
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anke Fähnrich
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - René Pagel
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität zu Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; McGill Research Centre on Complex Traits, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 0B1, Canada.
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20
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Jayewickreme T, Benoist C, Mathis D. Lymph node stromal cell responses to perinatal T cell waves, a temporal atlas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2316957120. [PMID: 38079541 PMCID: PMC10740392 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316957120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The perinatal period is a critical time window in establishing T cell tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) made during the first 2 wk of life are key drivers of perinatal tolerance induction, but how these cells are generated and operate has not been established. To elucidate the unique environment murine perinatal Tregs encounter within the lymph nodes (LNs) as they first emerge from the thymus, and how it evolves over the succeeding days, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing to generate an atlas of the early LN niche. A highly dynamic picture emerged, the stromal cell compartment showing the most striking changes and putative interactions with other LN cell compartments. In particular, LN stromal cells showed increasing potential for lymphocyte interactions with age. Analogous studies on mice lacking α:β T cells or enriched for autoreactive α:β T cells revealed an acute stromal cell response to α:β T cell dysfunction, largely reflecting dysregulation of Tregs. Punctual ablation of perinatal Tregs induced stromal cell activation that was dependent on both interferon-gamma signaling and activation of conventional CD4+ T cells. These findings elucidate some of the earliest cellular and molecular events in perinatal induction of T cell tolerance, providing a framework for future explorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Diane Mathis
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02115
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21
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von Heyl T, Klinger R, Aumann D, Zenner C, Alhussien M, Schlickenrieder A, Lengyel K, Vikkula HK, Mittermair T, Sid H, Schusser B. Loss of αβ but not γδ T cells in chickens causes a severe phenotype. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2350503. [PMID: 37735713 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
The availability of genetically modified mice has facilitated the study of mammalian T cells. No model has yet been developed to study these cells in chickens, an important livestock species with a high availability of γδ T cells. To investigate the role of γδ and αβ T cell populations in birds, we generated chickens lacking these T cell populations. This was achieved by genomic deletion of the constant region of the T cell receptor γ or β chain, leading to a complete loss of either γδ or αβ T cells. Our results show that a deletion of αβ T cells but not γδ T cells resulted in a severe phenotype in KO chickens. The αβ T cell KO chickens exhibited granulomas associated with inflammation of the spleen and the proventriculus. Immunophenotyping of αβ T cell KO chickens revealed a significant increase in monocytes and expectedly the absence of CD4+ T cells including FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Surprisingly there was no increase of γδ T cells. In addition, we observed a significant decrease in immunoglobulins, B lymphocytes, and changes in the bursa morphology. Our data reveal the consequences of T cell knockouts in chickens and provide new insights into their function in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa von Heyl
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Romina Klinger
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Dorothea Aumann
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Zenner
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Mohanned Alhussien
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Antonina Schlickenrieder
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Kamila Lengyel
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Hanna-Kaisa Vikkula
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Teresa Mittermair
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Hicham Sid
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
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22
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Bayer AL, Smolgovsky S, Ngwenyama N, Hernández-Martínez A, Kaur K, Sulka K, Amrute J, Aronovitz M, Lavine K, Sharma S, Alcaide P. T-Cell MyD88 Is a Novel Regulator of Cardiac Fibrosis Through Modulation of T-Cell Activation. Circ Res 2023; 133:412-429. [PMID: 37492941 PMCID: PMC10529989 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac inflammation in heart failure is characterized by the presence of damage-associated molecular patterns, myeloid cells, and T cells. Cardiac damage-associated molecular patterns provide continuous proinflammatory signals to myeloid cells through TLRs (toll-like receptors) that converge onto the adaptor protein MyD88 (myeloid differentiation response 88). These induce activation into efficient antigen-presenting cells that activate T cells through their TCR (T-cell receptor). T-cell activation results in cardiotropism, cardiac fibroblast transformation, and maladaptive cardiac remodeling. T cells rely on TCR signaling for effector function and survival, and while they express MyD88 and damage-associated molecular pattern receptors, their role in T-cell activation and cardiac inflammation is unknown. METHODS We performed transverse aortic constriction in mice lacking MyD88 in T cells and analyzed remodeling, systolic function, survival, and T-cell activation. We profiled wild type versus Myd88-/- mouse T cells at the transcript and protein level and performed several functional assays. RESULTS Analysis of single-cell RNA-sequencing data sets revealed that MyD88 is expressed in mouse and human cardiac T cells. MyD88 deletion in T cells resulted in increased levels of cardiac T-cell infiltration and fibrosis in response to transverse aortic constriction. We discovered that TCR-activated Myd88-/- T cells had increased proinflammatory signaling at the transcript and protein level compared with wild type, resulting in increased T-cell effector functions such as adhesion, migration across endothelial cells, and activation of cardiac fibroblast. Mechanistically, we found that MyD88 modulates T-cell activation and survival through TCR-dependent rather than TLR-dependent signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results outline a novel intrinsic role for MyD88 in limiting T-cell activation that is central to tune down cardiac inflammation during cardiac adaptation to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kuljeet Kaur
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston MA
| | | | - Junedh Amrute
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis MO
| | | | - Kory Lavine
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis MO
| | - Shruti Sharma
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston MA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston MA
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23
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Giorgetti OB, O'Meara CP, Schorpp M, Boehm T. Origin and evolutionary malleability of T cell receptor α diversity. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06218-x. [PMID: 37344590 PMCID: PMC10322711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes of vertebrate adaptive immune systems acquired the capability to assemble, from split genes in the germline, billions of functional antigen receptors1-3. These receptors show specificity; unlike the broadly tuned receptors of the innate system, antibodies (Ig) expressed by B cells, for instance, can accurately distinguish between the two enantiomers of organic acids4, whereas T cell receptors (TCRs) reliably recognize single amino acid replacements in their peptide antigens5. In developing lymphocytes, antigen receptor genes are assembled from a comparatively small set of germline-encoded genetic elements in a process referred to as V(D)J recombination6,7. Potential self-reactivity of some antigen receptors arising from the quasi-random somatic diversification is suppressed by several robust control mechanisms8-12. For decades, scientists have puzzled over the evolutionary origin of somatically diversifying antigen receptors13-16. It has remained unclear how, at the inception of this mechanism, immunologically beneficial expanded receptor diversity was traded against the emerging risk of destructive self-recognition. Here we explore the hypothesis that in early vertebrates, sequence microhomologies marking the ends of recombining elements became the crucial targets of selection determining the outcome of non-homologous end joining-based repair of DNA double-strand breaks generated during RAG-mediated recombination. We find that, across the main clades of jawed vertebrates, TCRα repertoire diversity is best explained by species-specific extents of such sequence microhomologies. Thus, selection of germline sequence composition of rearranging elements emerges as a major factor determining the degree of diversity of somatically generated antigen receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando B Giorgetti
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Connor P O'Meara
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schorpp
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boehm
- Department of Developmental Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, Freiburg, Germany.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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24
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Sun L, Su Y, Jiao A, Wang X, Zhang B. T cells in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:235. [PMID: 37332039 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
T cells are crucial for immune functions to maintain health and prevent disease. T cell development occurs in a stepwise process in the thymus and mainly generates CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets. Upon antigen stimulation, naïve T cells differentiate into CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytotoxic effector and memory cells, mediating direct killing, diverse immune regulatory function, and long-term protection. In response to acute and chronic infections and tumors, T cells adopt distinct differentiation trajectories and develop into a range of heterogeneous populations with various phenotype, differentiation potential, and functionality under precise and elaborate regulations of transcriptional and epigenetic programs. Abnormal T-cell immunity can initiate and promote the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of T cell development, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell classification, and differentiation in physiological settings. We further elaborate the heterogeneity, differentiation, functionality, and regulation network of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in infectious disease, chronic infection and tumor, and autoimmune disease, highlighting the exhausted CD8+ T cell differentiation trajectory, CD4+ T cell helper function, T cell contributions to immunotherapy and autoimmune pathogenesis. We also discuss the development and function of γδ T cells in tissue surveillance, infection, and tumor immunity. Finally, we summarized current T-cell-based immunotherapies in both cancer and autoimmune diseases, with an emphasis on their clinical applications. A better understanding of T cell immunity provides insight into developing novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Translational Medicine Institute, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Immune Related Diseases, Xi'an, Shannxi, 710061, China.
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25
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Jang HJ, Caron C, Lee CK, Wang L, Jama B, Bui JD, Morris GP. Dual receptor T cells mediate effective antitumor immune responses via increased recognition of tumor antigens. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e006472. [PMID: 37188395 PMCID: PMC10186424 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovery that ~16% of T cells naturally co-express two T-cell receptor (TCR) clonotypes prompts examining the role of dual TCR cells in immune functions. METHODS Using TCRα-reporter transgenic mice, enabling unambiguous identification of single-TCR and dual-TCR cells, we tested the role of dual TCR cells in antitumor immune responses against immune-responsive syngeneic 6727 sarcoma and immune-resistant B16F10 melanoma. RESULTS Dual TCR cells were specifically increased among tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in both models, indicating selective advantage in antitumor responses. Phenotype and single-cell gene expression analyses identified dual TCR are predominant during the effective antitumor response, demonstrating selectively increased activation in the TIL compartment and skewing toward an effector memory phenotype. Absence of dual TCR cells impaired immune response to B16F10 but not 6727, suggesting that dual TCR cells may be more influential in responses against poorly immunogenic tumors. Dual TCR cells demonstrated an advantage in recognition of B16F10-derived neoantigens in vitro, providing a mechanistic basis for their antitumor reactivity. CONCLUSIONS These results discover an unrecognized role for dual TCR cells in protective immune function and identify these cells and their TCRs as a potential resource for antitumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun J Jang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Christine Caron
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Calvin K Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Burhan Jama
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jack D Bui
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gerald P Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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26
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Getzler AJ, Frederick MA, Milner JJ, Venables T, Diao H, Toma C, Nagaraja SD, Albao DS, Bélanger S, Tsuda SM, Kim J, Crotty S, Goldrath AW, Pipkin ME. Mll1 pioneers histone H3K4me3 deposition and promotes formation of CD8 + T stem cell memory. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.18.524461. [PMID: 37090503 PMCID: PMC10120707 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.18.524461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
CD8 + T cells with stem cell-like properties (T SCM ) sustain adaptive immunity to intracellular pathogens and tumors. However, the developmental origins and chromatin regulatory factors (CRFs) that establish their differentiation are unclear. Using an RNA interference screen of all CRFs we discovered the histone methylase Mll1 was required during T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation for development of a T SCM precursor state and mature memory (T MEM ) cells, but not short-lived or transitory effector cell-like states, in response to viral infections and tumors. Mll1 was essential for widespread de novo deposition of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) upon TCR stimulation, which accounted for 70% of all activation-induced sites in mature T MEM cells. Mll1 promoted both H3K4me3 deposition and reduced TCR-induced Pol II pausing at genes whose single-cell transcriptional dynamics explained trajectories into nascent T SCM precursor states during viral infection. Our results suggest Mll1-dependent control of Pol II elongation and H3K4me3 establishes and maintains differentiation of CD8 + T SCM cell states.
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27
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Smith FL, Savage HP, Luo Z, Tipton CM, Lee FEH, Apostol AC, Beaudin AE, Lopez DA, Jensen I, Keller S, Baumgarth N. B-1 plasma cells require non-cognate CD4 T cell help to generate a unique repertoire of natural IgM. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220195. [PMID: 36811605 PMCID: PMC9960156 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved, "natural" (n)IgM is broadly reactive to both self and foreign antigens. Its selective deficiency leads to increases in autoimmune diseases and infections. In mice, nIgM is secreted independent of microbial exposure to bone marrow (BM) and spleen B-1 cell-derived plasma cells (B-1PC), generating the majority of nIgM, or by B-1 cells that remain non-terminally differentiated (B-1sec). Thus, it has been assumed that the nIgM repertoire is broadly reflective of the repertoire of body cavity B-1 cells. Studies here reveal, however, that B-1PC generate a distinct, oligoclonal nIgM repertoire, characterized by short CDR3 variable immunoglobulin heavy chain regions, 7-8 amino acids in length, some public, many arising from convergent rearrangements, while specificities previously associated with nIgM were generated by a population of IgM-secreting B-1 (B-1sec). BM, but not spleen B-1PC, or B-1sec also required the presence of TCRαβ CD4 T cells for their development from fetal precursors. Together, the studies identify important previously unknown characteristics of the nIgM pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauna L. Smith
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hannah P. Savage
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zheng Luo
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher M. Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Eun-Hyung Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Lowance Center for Human Immunology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - April C. Apostol
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anna E. Beaudin
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Diego A. Lopez
- Division of Hematology and Hematologic Malignancies, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Ingvill Jensen
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Keller
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Baumgarth
- Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Integrated Pathobiology Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Graduate Group in Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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28
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Beckmann D, Langnaese K, Gottfried A, Hradsky J, Tedford K, Tiwari N, Thomas U, Fischer KD, Korthals M. Ca 2+ Homeostasis by Plasma Membrane Ca 2+ ATPase (PMCA) 1 Is Essential for the Development of DP Thymocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021442. [PMID: 36674959 PMCID: PMC9865543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The strength of Ca2+ signaling is a hallmark of T cell activation, yet the role of Ca2+ homeostasis in developing T cells before expressing a mature T cell receptor is poorly understood. We aimed to unveil specific functions of the two plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPases expressed in T cells, PMCA1 and PMCA4. On a transcriptional and protein level we found that PMCA4 was expressed at low levels in CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) thymocytes and was even downregulated in subsequent stages while PMCA1 was present throughout development and upregulated in CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) thymocytes. Mice with a targeted deletion of Pmca1 in DN3 thymocytes had an almost complete block of DP thymocyte development with an accumulation of DN4 thymocytes but severely reduced numbers of CD8+ immature single positive (ISP) thymocytes. The DN4 thymocytes of these mice showed strongly elevated basal cytosolic Ca2+ levels and a pre-mature CD5 expression, but in contrast to the DP thymocytes they were only mildly prone to apoptosis. Surprisingly, mice with a germline deletion of Pmca4 did not show any signs of altered progression through the developmental thymocyte stages, nor altered Ca2+ homeostasis throughout this process. PMCA1 is, therefore, non-redundant in keeping cellular Ca2+ levels low in the early thymocyte development required for the DN to DP transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Beckmann
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Langnaese
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Anna Gottfried
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Hradsky
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kerry Tedford
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Nikhil Tiwari
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Thomas
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Fischer
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Mark Korthals
- Institute for Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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29
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Toribio ML, González-García S. Notch Partners in the Long Journey of T-ALL Pathogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021383. [PMID: 36674902 PMCID: PMC9866461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematological disease that arises from the oncogenic transformation of developing T cells during T-lymphopoiesis. Although T-ALL prognosis has improved markedly in recent years, relapsing and refractory patients with dismal outcomes still represent a major clinical issue. Consequently, understanding the pathological mechanisms that lead to the appearance of this malignancy and developing novel and more effective targeted therapies is an urgent need. Since the discovery in 2004 that a major proportion of T-ALL patients carry activating mutations that turn NOTCH1 into an oncogene, great efforts have been made to decipher the mechanisms underlying constitutive NOTCH1 activation, with the aim of understanding how NOTCH1 dysregulation converts the physiological NOTCH1-dependent T-cell developmental program into a pathological T-cell transformation process. Several molecular players have so far been shown to cooperate with NOTCH1 in this oncogenic process, and different therapeutic strategies have been developed to specifically target NOTCH1-dependent T-ALLs. Here, we comprehensively analyze the molecular bases of the cross-talk between NOTCH1 and cooperating partners critically involved in the generation and/or maintenance and progression of T-ALL and discuss novel opportunities and therapeutic approaches that current knowledge may open for future treatment of T-ALL patients.
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30
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Zhou B, Basu J, Kazmi HR, Chitrala KN, Mo X, Preston-Alp S, Cai KQ, Kappes D, Zaidi MR. Interferon-gamma signaling promotes melanoma progression and metastasis. Oncogene 2023; 42:351-363. [PMID: 36463370 PMCID: PMC9991867 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02561-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFNG) has long been regarded as the flag-bearer for the anti-cancer immunosurveillance mechanisms. However, relatively recent studies have suggested a dual role of IFNG, albeit there is no direct experimental evidence for its potential pro-tumor functions. Here we provide in vivo evidence that treatment of mouse melanoma cell lines with Ifng enhances their tumorigenicity and metastasis in lung colonization allograft assays performed in immunocompetent syngeneic host mice, but not in immunocompromised host mice. We also show that this enhancement is dependent on downstream signaling via Stat1 but not Stat3, suggesting an oncogenic function of Stat1 in melanoma. The experimental results suggest that melanoma cell-specific Ifng signaling modulates the tumor microenvironment and its pro-tumorigenic effects are partially dependent on the γδ T cells, as Ifng-enhanced tumorigenesis was inhibited in the TCR-δ knockout mice. Overall, these results show that Ifng signaling may have tumor-promoting effects in melanoma by modulating the immune cell composition of the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhou
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,MEI Pharma, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jayati Basu
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Hasan Raza Kazmi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuan Mo
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Preston-Alp
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kathy Q Cai
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - M Raza Zaidi
- Fels Cancer Institute for Personalized Medicine and Department of Cancer and Cellular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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31
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Lee CYP, Carissimo G, Teo TH, Tong SJM, Chang ZW, Rajarethinam R, Chua TK, Chen Z, Chee RSL, Tay A, Howland SW, Ang KS, Chen J, Renia L, Ng LFP. CD8+ T Cells Trigger Auricular Dermatitis and Blepharitis in Mice after Zika Virus Infection in the Absence of CD4+ T Cells. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 143:1031-1041.e8. [PMID: 36566875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) became a public health concern when it re-emerged in 2015 owing to its ability to cause congenital deformities in the fetus and neurological complications in adults. Despite extensive data on protection, the interplay of protective and pathogenic adaptive immune responses toward ZIKV infection remains poorly understood. In this study, using a T-cell‒deficient mouse model that retains persistent ZIKV viral titers in the blood and organs, we show that the adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells led to a significant reduction in viral load. This mouse model reveals that ZIKV can induce grossly visible auricular dermatitis and blepharitis, mediated by ZIKV-specific CD8+ T cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of these causative CD8+ T cells from the ears shows an overactivated and elevated cytotoxic signature in mice with severe symptoms. Our results strongly suggest a role for CD8+ T-cell‒associated pathologies after ZIKV infection in CD4+ T-cell‒immunodeficient patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Yi-Pin Lee
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guillaume Carissimo
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teck-Hui Teo
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Jia Ming Tong
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zi Wei Chang
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ravisankar Rajarethinam
- Advanced Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tze Kwang Chua
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheyuan Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rhonda Sin-Ling Chee
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alicia Tay
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shanshan Wu Howland
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Siong Ang
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jinmiao Chen
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Laurent Renia
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore; School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lisa F P Ng
- A(∗)STAR Infectious Diseases Labs (ID Labs), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, National Institute of Health Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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32
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Shaikh H, Pezoldt J, Mokhtari Z, Gamboa Vargas J, Le DD, Peña Mosca J, Arellano Viera E, Kern MA, Graf C, Beyersdorf N, Lutz MB, Riedel A, Büttner-Herold M, Zernecke A, Einsele H, Saliba AE, Ludewig B, Huehn J, Beilhack A. Fibroblastic reticular cells mitigate acute GvHD via MHCII-dependent maintenance of regulatory T cells. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154250. [PMID: 36227687 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) inflicted by alloreactive T cells primed in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) and subsequent damage to aGvHD target tissues. In recent years, Treg transfer and/or expansion has emerged as a promising therapy to modulate aGvHD. However, cellular niches essential for fostering Tregs to prevent aGvHD have not been explored. Here, we tested whether and to what extent MHC class II (MHCII) expressed on Ccl19+ fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) shape the donor CD4+ T cell response during aGvHD. Animals lacking MHCII expression on Ccl19-Cre-expressing FRCs (MHCIIΔCcl19) showed aberrant CD4+ T cell activation in the effector phase, resulting in exacerbated aGvHD that was associated with significantly reduced expansion of Foxp3+ Tregs and invariant NK T (iNKT) cells. Skewed Treg maintenance in MHCIIΔCcl19 mice resulted in loss of protection from aGvHD provided by adoptively transferred donor Tregs. In contrast, although FRCs upregulated costimulatory surface receptors, and although they degraded and processed exogenous antigens after myeloablative irradiation, FRCs were dispensable to activate alloreactive CD4+ T cells in 2 mouse models of aGvHD. In summary, these data reveal an immunoprotective, MHCII-mediated function of FRC niches in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) after allo-HCT and highlight a framework of cellular and molecular interactions that regulate CD4+ T cell alloimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Shaikh
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Joern Pezoldt
- Laboratory of Systems Biology and Genetics, Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Zeinab Mokhtari
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Juan Gamboa Vargas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Duc-Dung Le
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josefina Peña Mosca
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Estibaliz Arellano Viera
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ag Kern
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Caroline Graf
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Niklas Beyersdorf
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred B Lutz
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany.,Institute for Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Angela Riedel
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Centre, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maike Büttner-Herold
- Department of Nephropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Institute of Experimental Biomedicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Hermann Einsele
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Burkhard Ludewig
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jochen Huehn
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), Experimental Stem Cell Transplantation Laboratory, and.,Department of Internal Medicine II, Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany.,Graduate School of Life Sciences, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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33
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CD8 + T cell metabolic rewiring defined by scRNA-seq identifies a critical role of ASNS expression dynamics in T cell differentiation. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111639. [PMID: 36384124 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells dynamically rewire their metabolism during an immune response. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing to CD8+ T cells activated and differentiated in vitro in physiological medium to resolve these metabolic dynamics. We identify a differential time-dependent reliance of activating T cells on the synthesis versus uptake of various non-essential amino acids, which we corroborate with functional assays. We also identify metabolic genes that potentially dictate the outcome of T cell differentiation, by ranking them based on their expression dynamics. Among them, we find asparagine synthetase (Asns), whose expression peaks for effector T cells and decays toward memory formation. Disrupting these expression dynamics by ASNS overexpression promotes an effector phenotype, enhancing the anti-tumor response of adoptively transferred CD8+ T cells in a mouse melanoma model. We thus provide a resource of dynamic expression changes during CD8+ T cell activation and differentiation, and identify ASNS expression dynamics as a modulator of CD8+ T cell differentiation.
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34
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White AJ, Parnell SM, Handel A, Maio S, Bacon A, Cosway EJ, Lucas B, James KD, Cowan JE, Jenkinson WE, Hollander GA, Anderson G. Diversity in Cortical Thymic Epithelial Cells Occurs through Loss of a Foxn1-Dependent Gene Signature Driven by Stage-Specific Thymocyte Cross-Talk. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 210:ji2200609. [PMID: 36427001 PMCID: PMC9772400 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the thymus, cortical thymic epithelial cells (cTECs) and medullary thymic epithelial cells support αβT cell development from lymphoid progenitors. For cTECs, expression of a specialized gene signature that includes Cxcl12, Dll4, and Psmb11 enables the cortex to support T lineage commitment and the generation and selection of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. Although the importance of cTECs in T cell development is well defined, mechanisms that shape the cTEC compartment and regulate its functional specialization are unclear. Using a Cxcl12DsRed reporter mouse model, we show that changes in Cxcl12 expression reveal a developmentally regulated program of cTEC heterogeneity. Although cTECs are uniformly Cxcl12DsRed+ during neonatal stages, progression through postnatal life triggers the appearance of Cxcl12DsRed- cTECs that continue to reside in the cortex alongside their Cxcl12DsRed+ counterparts. This appearance of Cxcl12DsRed- cTECs is controlled by maturation of CD4-CD8-, but not CD4+CD8+, thymocytes, demonstrating that stage-specific thymocyte cross-talk controls cTEC heterogeneity. Importantly, although fate-mapping experiments show both Cxcl12DsRed+ and Cxcl12DsRed- cTECs share a common Foxn1+ cell origin, RNA sequencing analysis shows Cxcl12DsRed- cTECs no longer express Foxn1, which results in loss of the FOXN1-dependent cTEC gene signature and may explain the reduced capacity of Cxcl12DsRed- cTECs for thymocyte interactions. In summary, our study shows that shaping of the cTEC compartment during the life course occurs via stage-specific thymocyte cross-talk, which drives loss of Foxn1 expression and its key target genes, which may then determine the functional competence of the thymic cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J. White
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sonia M. Parnell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Handel
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Maio
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Bacon
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emilie J. Cosway
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Beth Lucas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kieran D. James
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer E. Cowan
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William E. Jenkinson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Georg A. Hollander
- Department of Paediatrics and Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland; and
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Graham Anderson
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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35
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Hou L, Yuki K. CD11c regulates late-stage T cell development in the thymus. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1040818. [PMID: 36439108 PMCID: PMC9684328 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CD11c, also named integrin αX, has been deemed solely as a dendritic cell marker for decades while the delineation of its biological function was limited. In the current study, we observed in mice that CD11c deficiency led to a defect in T cell development, demonstrated by the loss of CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells, CD4+CD8-, and CD4-CD8+ single positive (SP) T cells in the thymus and less mature T cells in the periphery. By using bone marrow chimera, we confirmed that CD11c regulated T cell development in the thymus. We further showed that CD11c deficiency led to an accelerated apoptosis of CD3 positive thymocytes, but not CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) T cells. Overall, this study added one more layer of knowledge on the regulatory mechanism of late-stage T cell development that the presence of CD11c in the thymus is critical for maintaining T cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Hou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Koichi Yuki
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Cardiac Anesthesia Division, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Departments of Anaesthesia and Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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36
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Covalent TCR-peptide-MHC interactions induce T cell activation and redirect T cell fate in the thymus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4951. [PMID: 35999236 PMCID: PMC9399087 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32692-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between a T cell receptor (TCR) and a peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) ligand are typically mediated by noncovalent bonds. By studying T cells expressing natural or engineered TCRs, here we describe covalent TCR-pMHC interactions that involve a cysteine-cysteine disulfide bond between the TCR and the peptide. By introducing cysteines into a known TCR-pMHC combination, we demonstrate that disulfide bond formation does not require structural rearrangement of the TCR or the peptide. We further show these disulfide bonds still form even when the initial affinity of the TCR-pMHC interaction is low. Accordingly, TCR-peptide disulfide bonds facilitate T cell activation by pMHC ligands with a wide spectrum of affinities for the TCR. Physiologically, this mechanism induces strong Zap70-dependent TCR signaling, which triggers T cell deletion or agonist selection in the thymus cortex. Covalent TCR-pMHC interactions may thus underlie a physiological T cell activation mechanism that has applications in basic immunology and potentially in immunotherapy. Differentiation and activation of T cells are normally modulated by non-covalent interactions between T cell receptor (TCR) and antigenic peptides. Here the authors use step-wise mutations, biochemical characterization and structural insights to describe the contributions of natural covalent bonds between TCR and antigenic peptides during these processes.
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Wickström SL, Wagner AK, Fuchs S, Elemans M, Kritikou J, Mehr R, Kärre K, Johansson MH, Brauner H. MHC Class I–Dependent Shaping of the NK Cell Ly49 Receptor Repertoire Takes Place Early during Maturation in the Bone Marrow. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 209:751-759. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MHC class I (MHC I) expression in the host influences NK cells in a process termed education. The result of this education is reflected in the responsiveness of NK cells at the level of individual cells as well as in the repertoire of inhibitory MHC I–specific receptors at the NK cell system level. The presence of MHC I molecules in the host environment gives rise to a skewed receptor repertoire in spleen NK cells where subsets expressing few (one or two) inhibitory receptors are expanded whereas subsets with many (three or more) receptors are contracted. It is not known whether this MHC I–dependent skewing is imposed during development or after maturation of NK cells. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the NK cell receptor repertoire is shaped already early during NK cell development in the bone marrow. We used mice with a repertoire imposed by a single MHC I allele, as well as a C57BL/6 mutant strain with exaggerated repertoire skewing, to investigate Ly49 receptor repertoires at different stages of NK cell differentiation. Our results show that NK cell inhibitory receptor repertoire skewing can indeed be observed in the bone marrow, even during the earliest developmental steps where Ly49 receptors are expressed. This may partly be accounted for by selective proliferation of certain NK cell subsets, but other mechanisms must also be involved. We propose a model for how repertoire skewing is established during a developmental phase in the bone marrow, based on sequential receptor expression as well as selective proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stina L. Wickström
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- †Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arnika K. Wagner
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ‡Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sina Fuchs
- §Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjet Elemans
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- ¶Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joanna Kritikou
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ramit Mehr
- ‖Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel; and
| | - Klas Kärre
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria H. Johansson
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Brauner
- *Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- §Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- #Dermatology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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38
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Lama JK, Iijima K, Kobayashi T, Kita H. Blocking the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 prevents allergic immune response and anaphylaxis in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:178-191.e9. [PMID: 35092762 PMCID: PMC9271539 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food allergy and acute anaphylaxis can be life-threatening. While T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a pivotal role in the allergic immune responses, the immunologic mechanisms that regulate the production of antibodies (Abs) that mediate anaphylaxis are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which is highly expressed on Tfh cells, in allergic immune responses using an animal model of peanut allergy and anaphylaxis. METHODS Naive wild-type mice were exposed to peanut flour intranasally and then challenged with peanut extract to induce systemic anaphylaxis. The roles of PD-1 were examined by blocking Abs and using gene-deficient animals. A hapten model and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis were used to characterize allergen-specific Abs. RESULTS Treatment with anti-PD-1 enhanced development of Tfh cells and germinal center B cells in mice exposed to peanut flour. Nonetheless, anti-PD-1 or its ligand fully protected mice from developing anaphylaxis. Anti-PD-1 treatment or genetic deficiency of PD-1 in CD4+ T cells inhibited production of peanut-specific IgE and increased the levels of IgG. The passive cutaneous anaphylaxis showed that peanut-specific Abs generated in anti-PD-1-treated animals prevented, rather than provoked, anaphylaxis when transferred to naive animals. Anti-PD-1 promoted production of Abs with low affinity for an antigen in the hapten model. CONCLUSION Blockade of the pathway between PD-1 and its ligand is protective against allergic immune responses. The direct interaction between Tfh cells and B cells may play a pivotal role in controlling Ab quality and clinical manifestation of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti K. Lama
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905 and Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259,Immunology Program, Mayo Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905 and Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Koji Iijima
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Takao Kobayashi
- Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
| | - Hirohito Kita
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, MN 55905 and Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259,Division of Allergy, Asthma and Clinical Immunology and Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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Culberson EJ, Bassing CH. Monogenic TCRβ Assembly and Expression Are Paramount for Uniform Antigen Receptor Specificity of Individual αβ T Lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 209:93-98. [PMID: 35697383 PMCID: PMC9246964 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The ability of individual T and B cells to display Ag receptors of unique uniform specificity is the molecular basis of adaptive immunity. Most αβ T cells achieve uniform specificity by assembling in-frame genes on only one allelic copy of TCRβ and TCRα loci, while others prevent incorporation of TCRα protein from both alleles into TCRs. Analysis of mice expressing TCR proteins from a restricted combination of transgenes showed that TCR protein pairing restrictions achieve uniform specificity of cells expressing two types of TCRβ protein. However, whether this mechanism operates in the physiological context where each dual-TCRβ cell expresses one set of a vast number of different TCRβ proteins remains an open question, largely because there is a low, but significant, portion of cells carrying two in-frame TCRβ genes. To resolve this issue, we inactivated one allelic copy of the TCRα locus in a new mouse strain that assembles two in-frame TCRβ genes in an elevated fraction of cells. This genetic manipulation has no effect on the frequency of cells that display multiple types of αβ TCR, yet increases the representation of cells displaying TCRβ proteins that generate more highly expressed TCRs. Our data demonstrate that some TCRβ proteins exhibit differential functional pairing with TCRα proteins, but these restrictions have negligible contribution for ensuring uniform specificity of cells that express two types of TCRβ protein. Therefore, we conclude that mechanisms governing monogenic assembly and expression of TCRβ genes in individual cells are paramount for uniform specificity of αβ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica J Culberson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Craig H Bassing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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40
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McNamara HA, Lahoud MH, Cai Y, Durrant-Whyte J, O'Connor JH, Caminschi I, Cockburn IA. Splenic Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Drive B Cells to Adopt a Plasmablast Cell Fate. Front Immunol 2022; 13:825207. [PMID: 35493521 PMCID: PMC9039241 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.825207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon encountering cognate antigen, B cells can differentiate into short-lived plasmablasts, early memory B cells or germinal center B cells. The factors that determine this fate decision are unclear. Past studies have addressed the role of B cell receptor affinity in this process, but the interplay with other cellular compartments for fate determination is less well understood. Moreover, B cell fate decisions have primarily been studied using model antigens rather than complex pathogen systems, which potentially ignore multifaceted interactions from other cells subsets during infection. Here we address this question using a Plasmodium infection model, examining the response of B cells specific for the immunodominant circumsporozoite protein (CSP). We show that B cell fate is determined in part by the organ environment in which priming occurs, with the majority of the CSP-specific B cell response being derived from splenic plasmablasts. This plasmablast response could occur independent of T cell help, though gamma-delta T cells were required to help with the early isotype switching from IgM to IgG. Interestingly, selective ablation of CD11c+ dendritic cells and macrophages significantly reduced the splenic plasmablast response in a manner independent of the presence of CD4 T cell help. Conversely, immunization approaches that targeted CSP-antigen to dendritic cells enhanced the magnitude of the plasmablast response. Altogether, these data indicate that the early CSP-specific response is predominately primed within the spleen and the plasmablast fate of CSP-specific B cells is driven by macrophages and CD11c+ dendritic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A McNamara
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.,Division of Animal Physiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Mireille H Lahoud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yeping Cai
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Jessica Durrant-Whyte
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - James H O'Connor
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Irina Caminschi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian A Cockburn
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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41
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Aiken TJ, Erbe AK, Zebertavage L, Komjathy D, Feils AS, Rodriguez M, Stuckwisch A, Gillies SD, Morris ZS, Birstler J, Rakhmilevich AL, Sondel PM. Mechanism of effective combination radio-immunotherapy against 9464D-GD2, an immunologically cold murine neuroblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004834. [PMID: 35618290 PMCID: PMC9125770 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most pediatric cancers are considered immunologically cold with relatively few responding to immune checkpoint inhibition. We recently described an effective combination radio-immunotherapy treatment regimen ( c ombination a daptive- i nnate immunotherapy r egimen (CAIR)) targeting adaptive and innate immunity in 9464D-GD2, an immunologically cold model of neuroblastoma. Here, we characterize the mechanism of CAIR and the role of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) in the treatment response. METHODS Mice bearing GD2-expressing 9464D-GD2 tumors were treated with CAIR (external beam radiotherapy, hu14.18-IL2 immunocytokine, CpG, anti-CD40, and anti-CTLA4) and tumor growth and survival were tracked. Depletion of specific immune cell lineages, as well as testing in immunodeficient R2G2 mice, were used to determine the populations necessary for treatment efficacy. Induction of MHC-I expression in 9464D-GD2 cells in response to interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and CAIR was measured in vitro and in vivo, respectively, by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. A cell line with IFN-γ-inducible MHC-I expression (9464D-GD2-I) was generated by transfecting a subclone of the parental cell line capable of expressing MHC-I with GD2 synthase and was used in vivo to assess the impact of MHC-I expression on responsiveness to CAIR. RESULTS CAIR cures some mice bearing small (50 mm3) but not larger (100 mm3) 9464D-GD2 tumors and these cured mice develop weak memory responses against tumor rechallenge. Early suppression of 9464D-GD2 tumors by CAIR does not require T or natural killer (NK) cells, but eventual tumor cures are NK cell dependent. Unlike the parental 9464D cell line, 9464D-GD2 cells have uniformly very low MHC-I expression at baseline and fail to upregulate expression in response to IFN-γ. In contrast, 9464D-GD2-I upregulates MHC-I in response to IFN-γ and is less responsive to CAIR. CONCLUSION Treatment with CAIR cures 9464D-GD2 tumors in a NK cell dependent manner and induction of MHC-I by tumors cells was associated with decreased efficacy. These results demonstrate that the early tumor response to this regimen is T and NK cell independent, but that NK cells have a role in generating lasting cures in the absence of MHC-I expression by tumor cells. Further strategies to better inhibit tumor outgrowth in this setting may require further NK activation or the ability to engage alternative immune effector cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor J Aiken
- Department of General Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Amy K Erbe
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lauren Zebertavage
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David Komjathy
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Arika S Feils
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Matthew Rodriguez
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ashley Stuckwisch
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Zachary S Morris
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jen Birstler
- Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Paul M Sondel
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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42
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Terrisse S, Goubet AG, Ueda K, Thomas AM, Quiniou V, Thelemaque C, Dunsmore G, Clave E, Gamat-Huber M, Yonekura S, Ferrere G, Rauber C, Pham HP, Fahrner JE, Pizzato E, Ly P, Fidelle M, Mazzenga M, Costa Silva CA, Armanini F, Pinto F, Asnicar F, Daillère R, Derosa L, Richard C, Blanchard P, Routy B, Culine S, Opolon P, Silvin A, Ginhoux F, Toubert A, Segata N, McNeel DG, Fizazi K, Kroemer G, Zitvogel L. Immune system and intestinal microbiota determine efficacy of androgen deprivation therapy against prostate cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004191. [PMID: 35296557 PMCID: PMC8928383 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prostate cancer (PC) responds to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) usually in a transient fashion, progressing from hormone-sensitive PC (HSPC) to castration-resistant PC (CRPC). We investigated a mouse model of PC as well as specimens from PC patients to unravel an unsuspected contribution of thymus-derived T lymphocytes and the intestinal microbiota in the efficacy of ADT. Methods Preclinical experiments were performed in PC-bearing mice, immunocompetent or immunodeficient. In parallel, we prospectively included 65 HSPC and CRPC patients (Oncobiotic trial) to analyze their feces and blood specimens. Results In PC-bearing mice, ADT increased thymic cellularity and output. PC implanted in T lymphocyte-depleted or athymic mice responded less efficiently to ADT than in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, depletion of the intestinal microbiota by oral antibiotics reduced the efficacy of ADT. PC reduced the relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in the gut, and this effect was reversed by ADT. Moreover, cohousing of PC-bearing mice with tumor-free mice or oral gavage with Akkermansia improved the efficacy of ADT. This appears to be applicable to PC patients because long-term ADT resulted in an increase of thymic output, as demonstrated by an increase in circulating recent thymic emigrant cells (sjTRECs). Moreover, as compared with HSPC controls, CRPC patients demonstrated a shift in their intestinal microbiota that significantly correlated with sjTRECs. While feces from healthy volunteers restored ADT efficacy, feces from PC patients failed to do so. Conclusions These findings suggest the potential clinical utility of reversing intestinal dysbiosis and repairing acquired immune defects in PC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safae Terrisse
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Kousuke Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Emmanuel Clave
- Institut de Recherche de Paris, INSERM UMRS-1160, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jean-Eudes Fahrner
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France
| | | | - Pierre Ly
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Romain Daillère
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,EverImmune Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France
| | - Lisa Derosa
- INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,Center of Clinical Investistigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CICBT), Villejuif, France
| | | | - Pierre Blanchard
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Bertrand Routy
- Département de Médicine, CHUM, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,CRCHUM, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Stéphane Culine
- Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Paule Opolon
- Department of Biology and Medical Pathology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Toubert
- Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, INSERM U1160, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'immunologie et d'histocompatibilité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Nicola Segata
- Department CIBIO, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Douglas G McNeel
- Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Karim Fizazi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Saint-Aubin, France.,Department of Medical Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France .,Sorbonne Université INSERM U1138, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Zitvogel
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France .,Université Paris-Saclay Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicetre, France
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43
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Long Z, Phillips B, Radtke D, Meyer-Hermann M, Bannard O. Competition for refueling rather than cyclic reentry initiation evident in germinal centers. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabm0775. [PMID: 35275753 PMCID: PMC7614495 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abm0775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Antibody affinity maturation occurs in germinal centers (GCs) through iterative rounds of somatic hypermutation and proliferation in dark zones (DZs) and selection in light zones (LZs). GC B cells exit cell cycle a number of hours before entering LZs; therefore, continued participation in responses requires that they subsequently reenter cell cycle and move back to DZs, a process known as cyclic reentry. Affinity enhancements are thought to arise by B cells having to compete to initiate cyclic reentry each time they enter LZs, with T cell help being a major determinant; however, direct proof is lacking. Using Fucci2 mice, we confirmed an association between B cell receptor affinity and the first step of cyclic reentry, S phase initiation from a resting LZ state. However, neither T cell ablation nor MHCII deletion prevented resting LZ cells from reentering cell cycle, and this late G1-S transition was also not detectably restricted by competition. In contrast, using BATF induction as exemplar, we found that T cells "refueled" LZ cells in an affinity-dependent manner that was limited by both competition and cells' intrinsic antigen-acquiring abilities. Therefore, cyclic reentry initiation and B cell refueling are independently regulated in GCs, which may contribute to permitting cells of different competencies to be sustained alongside each other and allow T cell support to be provided across a dynamic range commensurate with affinity. We speculate that this less binary selection mechanism could help GCs nurture complex antibody maturation pathways and support the clonal diversity required for countering fast-evolving pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Long
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Bethan Phillips
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Daniel Radtke
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Michael Meyer-Hermann
- Department of Systems Biology and Braunschweig Integrated Center for Systems Biology (BRICS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research, Rebenring 56, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Bannard
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
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Wang X, Jiao A, Sun L, Li W, Yang B, Su Y, Ding R, Zhang C, Liu H, Yang X, Sun C, Zhang B. Zinc finger protein Zfp335 controls early T cell development and survival through β-selection-dependent and -independent mechanisms. eLife 2022; 11:75508. [PMID: 35113015 PMCID: PMC8871394 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell development in the thymus undergoes the process of differentiation, selective proliferation, and survival from CD4−CD8− double negative (DN) stage to CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) stage prior to the formation of CD4+ helper and CD8+ cytolytic T cells ready for circulation. Each developmental stage is tightly regulated by sequentially operating molecular networks, of which only limited numbers of transcription regulators have been deciphered. Here, we identified Zfp335 transcription factor as a new player in the regulatory network controlling thymocyte development in mice. We demonstrate that Zfp335 intrinsically controls DN to DP transition, as T-cell-specific deficiency in Zfp335 leads to a substantial accumulation of DN3 along with reduction of DP, CD4+, and CD8+ thymocytes. This developmental blockade at DN stage results from the impaired intracellular TCRβ (iTCRβ) expression as well as increased susceptibility to apoptosis in thymocytes. Transcriptomic and ChIP-seq analyses revealed a direct regulation of transcription factors Bcl6 and Rorc by Zfp335. Importantly, enhanced expression of TCRβ and Bcl6/Rorc restores the developmental defect during DN3 to DN4 transition and improves thymocytes survival, respectively. These findings identify a critical role of Zfp335 in controlling T-cell development by maintaining iTCRβ expression-mediated β-selection and independently activating cell survival signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Anjun Jiao
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Biao Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Renyi Ding
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cangang Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chenming Sun
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojun Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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45
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Yu F, Lian R, Liu L, Liu T, Bi C, Hong K, Zhang S, Ren J, Wang H, Ouyang N, Du LJ, Liu Y, Zhou L, Liu Y, Fang B, Li Y, Duan SZ, Xia L. Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Nanorods Promote Bone Regeneration via Accelerating Osteogenesis of BMSCs through T Cell-Derived IL-22. ACS NANO 2022; 16:755-770. [PMID: 35005890 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c08281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Manipulations of morphological properties of nanobiomaterials have been demonstrated to modulate the outcome of osteoimmunomodulation and eventually osteogenesis through innate immune response. However, the functions and mechanisms of adaptive immune cells in the process of nanobiomaterials-mediated bone regeneration have remained unknown. Herein, we developed bone-mimicking hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanorods with different aspect ratios as model materials to investigate the impacts of the nanoshape features on osteogenesis and to explore the underlying mechanisms focusing on the functions of T cells and T cell-derived cytokines. HAp nanorods with different aspect ratios (HAp-0, HAp-30, and HAp-100) were implanted into mouse mandibular defect models. Micro-CT and hematoxylin and eosin staining demonstrated that HAp-100 had the best osteogenic effects. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that HAp-100 increased the percentage of T cells in injured mandibles. The osteogenic effects of HAp-100 were significantly blunted in injured mandibles of TCRβ-/- mice. The Luminex xMAP assay and ELISA showed that HAp-100 induced a marked increase of interleukin (IL)-22 in injured mandibles. In cultured T cells, HAp-100 manifested the best capacity to induce the production of IL-22. Conditioned media from HAp-100-primed T cells promoted osteogenesis and JAK1/STAT3 activation in bone marrow stromal cells, all of which were abolished by neutralizing antibodies against IL-22. In summary, bone-mimicking HAp nanorods with different aspect ratios could regulate osteogenesis through modulation of T cells and IL-22 in the bone regeneration process. These findings provided insights for mediation of the immune response of T cells by nanomaterials on osteogenesis and strategies for designing biomaterials with osteoimmunomodulative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Ruixian Lian
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Department of Stomatology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230061, China
| | - Kan Hong
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shuiquan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiazi Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haikun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ningjuan Ouyang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Lin-Juan Du
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Lujun Zhou
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Bing Fang
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Yulin Li
- The Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Centre for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Wenzhou Institute of Shanghai University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Sheng-Zhong Duan
- Laboratory of Oral Microbiota and Systemic Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
| | - Lunguo Xia
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University; National Center for Stomatology; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai 200125, China
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46
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Jensen O, Trivedi S, Meier JD, Fairfax KC, Hale JS, Leung DT. A subset of follicular helper-like MAIT cells can provide B cell help and support antibody production in the mucosa. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabe8931. [PMID: 35030034 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abe8931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Jensen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT ,USA
| | - Shubhanshi Trivedi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jeremy D Meier
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Keke C Fairfax
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT ,USA
| | - J Scott Hale
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT ,USA
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT ,USA
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47
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Rogers D, Sood A, Wang H, van Beek JJP, Rademaker TJ, Artusa P, Schneider C, Shen C, Wong DC, Bhagrath A, Lebel MÈ, Condotta SA, Richer MJ, Martins AJ, Tsang JS, Barreiro LB, François P, Langlais D, Melichar HJ, Textor J, Mandl JN. Pre-existing chromatin accessibility and gene expression differences among naive CD4 + T cells influence effector potential. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110064. [PMID: 34852223 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells have a remarkable potential to differentiate into diverse effector lineages following activation. Here, we probe the heterogeneity present among naive CD4+ T cells before encountering their cognate antigen to ask whether their effector potential is modulated by pre-existing transcriptional and chromatin landscape differences. Single-cell RNA sequencing shows that key drivers of variability are genes involved in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. Using CD5 expression as a readout of the strength of tonic TCR interactions with self-peptide MHC, and sorting on the ends of this self-reactivity spectrum, we find that pre-existing transcriptional differences among naive CD4+ T cells impact follicular helper T (TFH) cell versus non-TFH effector lineage choice. Moreover, our data implicate TCR signal strength during thymic development in establishing differences in naive CD4+ T cell chromatin landscapes that ultimately shape their effector potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakota Rogers
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aditi Sood
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - HanChen Wang
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jasper J P van Beek
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Patricio Artusa
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caitlin Schneider
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Connie Shen
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dylan C Wong
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Aanya Bhagrath
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie-Ève Lebel
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie A Condotta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin J Richer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew J Martins
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John S Tsang
- Multiscale Systems Biology Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Luis B Barreiro
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Section, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Paul François
- Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - David Langlais
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Genome Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Heather J Melichar
- Immunology-Oncology Unit, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Johannes Textor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Judith N Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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48
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Browning LM, Miller C, Kuczma M, Pietrzak M, Jing Y, Rempala G, Muranski P, Ignatowicz L, Kraj P. Bone Morphogenic Proteins Are Immunoregulatory Cytokines Controlling FOXP3 + T reg Cells. Cell Rep 2021; 33:108219. [PMID: 33027660 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) cytokine family promoting differentiation, homeostasis, and self-renewal of multiple tissues. We show that signaling through the bone morphogenic protein receptor 1α (BMPR1α) sustains expression of FOXP3 in Treg cells in peripheral lymphoid tissues. BMPR1α signaling promotes molecular circuits supporting acquisition and preservation of Treg cell phenotype and inhibiting differentiation of pro-inflammatory effector Th1/Th17 CD4+ T cell. Mechanistically, increased expression of KDM6B (JMJD3) histone demethylase, an antagonist of the polycomb repressive complex 2, underlies lineage-specific changes of T cell phenotypes associated with abrogation of BMPR1α signaling. These results reveal that BMPs are immunoregulatory cytokines mediating maturation and stability of peripheral FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and controlling generation of iTreg cells. Thus, we establish that BMPs, a large cytokine family, are an essential link between stromal tissues and the adaptive immune system involved in sustaining tissue homeostasis by promoting immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Browning
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Caroline Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Michal Kuczma
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Maciej Pietrzak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Yu Jing
- Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
| | - Grzegorz Rempala
- College of Public Health, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Pawel Muranski
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Leszek Ignatowicz
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Piotr Kraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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49
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Regulatory T cells function in established systemic inflammation and reverse fatal autoimmunity. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1163-1174. [PMID: 34426690 PMCID: PMC9341271 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-01001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The immunosuppressive function of regulatory T (Treg) cells is dependent on continuous expression of the transcription factor Foxp3. Foxp3 loss-of-function or induced ablation of Treg cells results in a fatal autoimmune disease featuring all known types of inflammatory responses with every manifestation stemming from Treg cell paucity, highlighting a vital function of Treg cells in preventing fatal autoimmune inflammation. However, a major question remains whether Treg cells can persist and effectively exert their function in a disease state, where a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators can either inactivate Treg cells or render innate and adaptive pro-inflammatory effector cells insensitive to suppression. By reinstating Foxp3 protein expression and suppressor function in cells expressing a reversible Foxp3 null allele in severely diseased mice, we found that the resulting single pool of “redeemed” Treg cells normalized immune activation, quelled severe tissue inflammation, reversed fatal autoimmune disease, and provided long-term protection against them. Thus, Treg cells are functional in settings of established broad spectrum systemic inflammation and are capable of affording sustained reset of immune homeostasis.
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50
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Mendoza A, Yewdell WT, Hoyos B, Schizas M, Bou-Puerto R, Michaels AJ, Brown CC, Chaudhuri J, Rudensky AY. Assembly of a spatial circuit of T-bet-expressing T and B lymphocytes is required for antiviral humoral immunity. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/60/eabi4710. [PMID: 34117110 PMCID: PMC8418793 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Effective antiviral immunity requires generation of T and B lymphocytes expressing the transcription factor T-bet, a regulator of type 1 inflammatory responses. Using T-bet expression as an endogenous marker for cells participating in a type 1 response, we report coordinated interactions of T-bet-expressing T and B lymphocytes on the basis of their dynamic colocalization at the T cell zone and B follicle boundary (T-B boundary) and germinal centers (GCs) during lung influenza infection. We demonstrate that the assembly of this circuit takes place in distinct anatomical niches within the draining lymph node, guided by CXCR3 that enables positioning of TH1 cells at the T-B boundary. The encounter of B and TH1 cells at the T-B boundary enables IFN-γ produced by the latter to induce IgG2c class switching. Within GCs, T-bet+ TFH cells represent a specialized stable sublineage required for GC growth but dispensable for IgG2c class switching. Our studies show that during respiratory viral infection, T-bet-expressing T and B lymphocytes form a circuit assembled in a spatiotemporally controlled manner that acts as a functional unit enabling a robust and coherent humoral response tailored for optimal antiviral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Mendoza
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - William T Yewdell
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Beatrice Hoyos
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michail Schizas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Regina Bou-Puerto
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Anthony J Michaels
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Chrysothemis C Brown
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jayanta Chaudhuri
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA.,Gerstner Sloan Kettering Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexander Y Rudensky
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, and Ludwig Center at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. .,Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10021, USA
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