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Mahmud GI, Hasan MM, Hakim MH, Rifat NH, Bhuiyan MAR, Islam T, Akter MN, Mithila SR, Mokarram MMB. The Outcome of Early Oral Feeding Following Elective Gastrointestinal Surgery. Cureus 2024; 16:e63802. [PMID: 39100012 PMCID: PMC11297592 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.63802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Early oral feeding (EOF) after gastrointestinal (GI) surgery is an optimistic way to speed up recovery and shorten hospital stays, but its full effects remain unexplored. Aim This study aims to evaluate the outcomes of EOF in patients having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Methods This open-level, prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in the Department of Surgery at Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, from March 2022 to February 2023. A total of 50 patients were enrolled and divided into two groups: early oral feeding (EOF) and traditional postoperative oral feeding (TOF), both before and after 48 hours of surgery, using a systematic random sampling technique. Informed written consent was taken from the patients. The patients were monitored on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, and 28 following surgeries. Postoperative complications, the duration for nasogastric tube (NGT) removal (days), the early recovery of bowel motility, and the length of the hospital stay (days) were noted. Results In this study, both EOF and TOF groups were found indifferent in terms of age distribution, gender ratio, or body mass index (BMI). However, significant differences emerged in postoperative outcomes. The TOF group experienced a significantly longer duration for nasogastric tube (NGT) removal and the initiation of oral feeding compared to the EOF group (P-value < 0.001). Complication rates, including nausea, vomiting, ileus, anastomotic leakage, wound infection, and pneumonia, did not exhibit statistically significant differences between the groups (P-value > 0.05). Moreover, the EOF group demonstrated an early recovery of bowel motility after surgery and shorter hospital stays compared to the TOF group (P-value < 0.05). Conclusion Starting oral feeding earlier does not increase complications. However, it does speed up recovery and shorten hospital stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gm Ishtiaq Mahmud
- Surgery, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, BGD
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Arshad M, Kousar S, Din A, Afzaal M, Faisal MN, Sharif MK, Rasheed H, Saeed F, Akram N, Ahmed F, Khan MR. Hepatoprotective efficacy of quinoa seed extract against CCl 4- induced acute liver toxicity in rat model. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:5007-5018. [PMID: 39055188 PMCID: PMC11266922 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The current research explored the possible protective effect of chenopodium quinoa extract against CCl4 acute liver toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty rats were divided into five groups with six rats in each group. CCl4 (Carbon tetrachloride) was administered at a dose rate of 2 mL/kg b.w. intra-peritoneally once a week for 3 weeks. The plant extract was given through oral gavage for a period of 21 days. Group I served as a normal group which was given with basal diet. Group II was referred to as a positive control group and received CCl4 2 mL/kg body weight (i.p.). Group III was the standard treatment group and received 2 mL/kg CCl4 (i.p.) and 16 mg/kg body weight (p.o.) silymarin. Group IV was the plant treatment group, which received 2 mL/kg CCl4 (i.p.) and 600 mg/kg body weight of quinoa seed extract (p.o.). Group V was the combined treatment group, which received 2 mL/kg CCl4 (i.p.) accompanied with a combination of silymarin (p.o.) 16 mg/kg body weight and quinoa seed extract (p.o.) 600 mg/kg body weight. The liver biomarkers were assessed along with histopathological analysis to observe the changes in the liver. The outcome suggested that the treatment, which was given with the combination of silymarin and quinoa seed extract, significantly enhanced the antioxidant levels, reduced the oxidative stress, and restored the liver function as evidenced by biochemical parameters histopathological studies. The hepatoprotective potential may be due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of quinoa seed extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Arshad
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Shabana Kousar
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ahmad Din
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem Faisal
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Mian Kamran Sharif
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Rasheed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology (NIFSAT), University of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Noor Akram
- Food Safety & Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food ScienceGovernment College University FaisalabadFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Faiyaz Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Sciences in Ar RassQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mahbubur Rahman Khan
- Department of Food Processing and PreservationHajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology UniversityDinajpurBangladesh
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Todorova V, Ivanova S, Chakarov D, Kraev K, Ivanov K. Ecdysterone and Turkesterone-Compounds with Prominent Potential in Sport and Healthy Nutrition. Nutrients 2024; 16:1382. [PMID: 38732627 PMCID: PMC11085066 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The naturally occurring compounds ecdysterone and turkesterone, which are present in plants, including Rhaponticum carthamoides Willd. (Iljin), Spinacia oleracea L., Chenopodium quinoa Willd., and Ajuga turkestanica (Regel) Briq, are widely recognized due to their possible advantages for both general health and athletic performance. The current review investigates the beneficial biological effects of ecdysterone and turkesterone in nutrition, highlighting their roles not only in enhancing athletic performance but also in the management of various health problems. Plant-based diets, associated with various health benefits and environmental sustainability, often include sources rich in phytoecdysteroids. However, the therapeutic potential of phytoecdysteroid-rich extracts extends beyond sports nutrition, with promising applications in treating chronic fatigue, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velislava Todorova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanislava Ivanova
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Dzhevdet Chakarov
- Department of Propedeutics of Surgical Diseases, Section of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Krasimir Kraev
- Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical Faculty, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Kalin Ivanov
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University-Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Luque V, Crespo-Escobar P, Hård Af Segerstad EM, Koltai T, Norsa L, Roman E, Vreugdenhil A, Fueyo-Díaz R, Ribes-Koninckx C. Gluten-free diet for pediatric patients with coeliac disease: A position paper from the ESPGHAN gastroenterology committee, special interest group in coeliac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024; 78:973-995. [PMID: 38291739 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Coeliac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated disorder for which the only treatment consists of lifelong strict adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD). However, there is a lack of evidence-based guidelines on the GFD dietary management of coeliac disease. This position paper, led by the Special Interest Group in coeliac disease of the European Society of Pediatric, Gastroenterology Hepatology, and Nutrition, supported by the Nutrition Committee and the Allied Health Professionals Committee, aims to present evidence-based recommendations on the GFD as well as how to support dietary adherence. METHODS A wide literature search was performed using the MeSH Terms: "diet, gluten free," "gluten-free diet," "diets, gluten-free," "gluten free diet," and "coeliac disease" in Pubmed until November 8th, 2022. RESULTS The manuscript provides an overview of the definition of the GFD, regulations as basis to define the term "gluten-free," which foods are naturally gluten-free and gluten-containing. Moreover, it provides recommendations and educational tips and infographics on suitable food substitutes, the importance of reading food labels, risk of gluten cross-contact at home and in public settings, nutritional considerations as well as factors associated to dietary adherence based on available evidence, or otherwise clinical expertise. CONCLUSIONS This position paper provides guidance and recommendations to support children with coeliac disease to safely adhere to a GFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Luque
- Serra Húnter, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Paediatric Nutrition and Development Research Unit, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Paula Crespo-Escobar
- Health Sciences Department, ADVISE Research Group, Miguel de Cervantes European University, Valladolid, Spain
- Nutrition and Dietetics Unit, Hospital Recoletas Campo Grande, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Elin M Hård Af Segerstad
- Paediatric Department, Skane University Hospital, Malmoe, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Celiac Disease and Diabetes Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmoe, Sweden
| | - Tunde Koltai
- Direction Board, Association of European Coeliac Societies, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Norsa
- Paediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Transplantation, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Enriqueta Roman
- Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Anita Vreugdenhil
- Department of Pediatrics, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Fueyo-Díaz
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Aragonese Primary Care Research Group (GAIAP, B21_20R), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Ribes-Koninckx
- Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, La Fe University Hospital & La Fe Research Institute, Valencia, Spain
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Qian G, Li X, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhou J, Ma X, Sun W, Yang W, He R, Wahab AT, Wan H, Li L. Metabolomics analysis reveals the accumulation patterns of flavonoids and phenolic acids in quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) grains of different colors. Food Chem X 2023; 17:100594. [PMID: 36845489 PMCID: PMC9945449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa grains are gaining increasing popularity owing to their high nutritional merits. However, only limited information is available on the metabolic profiles of quinoa grains. In this study, we determined the metabolic profiles of black, red, and white quinoa grains via an ultraperformance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. A total of 689 metabolites were identified, among which 251, 182, and 317 metabolites displayed different accumulation patterns in the three comparison groups (Black vs Red, Black vs White, and Red vs White), respectively. In particular, flavonoid and phenolic acid contents displayed considerable differences, with 22 flavonoids, 5 phenolic acids, and 1 betacyanin being differentially accumulated among the three quinoa cultivars. Additionally, correlation analysis showed that flavonoids and phenolic acids could act as betanin co-pigments in quinoa grains. In conclusion, this study provides comprehensive insights into the adequate utilization and development of novel quinoa-based functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangtao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Institute of Crop Resources, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ruikun He
- Byhealth Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Atia-tul Wahab
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Huihua Wan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
- Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Rode, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China (L. Li). Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China (H. Wan).
| | - Lixin Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Corresponding authors at: Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, No.26 Hexing Rode, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150040, China (L. Li). Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNo.16 Nanxiaojie, Dongzhimen Nei Ave, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China (H. Wan).
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Wang Y, Liu X, Liang L, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Luo L, Wang P, Liu D. The protective effect of quinoa on the gastric mucosal injury induced by absolute ethanol. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:944-956. [PMID: 36066553 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric mucosal injury caused by ethanol is a common gastrointestinal disease. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), as a nutrient-rich grain, plays a significant role in preventing and treating gastric mucosal damage. The present study aimed to explore the protective effect of quinoa on alcohol-induced gastric mucosal damage and its possible mechanism. RESULTS The ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury rat model was used for in vivo experiments and H2 O2 -induced GES-1 cells for in vitro experiments to elucidate the protective effect of quinoa. The results show that quinoa water extract can increase the superoxide dismutase level and decrease the malondialdehyde level in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, quinoa also reduced the bleeding point and bleeding area in rats with ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury and improved gastric histopathological changes. H2 O2 significantly increased the levels of inflammatory factors in GES-1 cells, which were markedly ameliorated by quinoa water extract. Likewise, quinoa water extract regulated the protein expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1, HO-1, p-IKK, and p-NF-κB through Nrf2 and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways, reducing the production of oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby repairing the damaged gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION The findings of this study demonstrated that quinoa shows protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury through its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. We propose that our research will provide a reference for quinoa as a functional food. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Xinnan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lipeng Liang
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Yanru Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Jingze Zhang
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Lifei Luo
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
| | - Dailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Modern Innovation Chinese Medicine Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
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Bian X, Xing TL, Yang Y, Fan J, Ma CM, Liu XF, Wang Y, He YY, Wang LD, Wang B, Zhang N. Effect of soy protein isolate on physical properties of quinoa dough and gluten-free bread quality characteristics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:118-124. [PMID: 35811466 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quinoa is a good gluten-free resource for food processing, especially bread making, and can improve and prevent the development of complications associated with celiac disease (CD). However, lack of gluten affects quinoa bread quality. Previous research showed that soy protein isolate (SPI) could improve gluten-free bread quality to some extent. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of SPI on the physical properties of quinoa dough and gluten-free bread quality characteristics. RESULTS Results showed that, with appropriate SPI substitution, the farinograph properties of quinoa flour significantly improved (P < 0.05). The sample with 8% SPI substitution showed a better development time (DT, 3.30 ± 0.20 min), stability time (ST, 8.80 ± 0.10 min) and softening degree (SD, 8.80 ± 0.10 FU), which were close to those of wheat flour, although more water absorption (WA, 76.40 ± 2.10%) was needed than for wheat flour (66.30 ± 3.10%). The extensograph properties of quinoa flour also significantly improved after 8% SPI substitution (P < 0.05). Furthermore, SPI substitution increased G' moduli of quinoa dough and decreased tan δ to some extent, providing better rheological properties closer to those of wheat dough. SPI substitution also improved the quality and texture of quinoa bread and reduced the gap with wheat bread. When SPI substitution was 8%, the specific volume, hardness and springiness of quinoa bread were 2.29 ± 0.05 mL g-1 , 1496.47 ± 85.21 g and 0.71 ± 0.03%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results suggested that SPI substitution would be an effective way to develop higher-quality gluten-free bread. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bian
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Tong-Lin Xing
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Fan
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Chun-Min Ma
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Liu
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Yin-Yuan He
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Comprehensive Utilization of Grain By-products of Heilongjiang Provincial Department of Education, Daqing, China
| | - Bing Wang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
| | - Na Zhang
- School of Food Engineering, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, China
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Li L, Lietz G, Seal CJ. Effects of Quinoa Intake on Markers of Cardiovascular Risk: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2022.2148689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liangkui Li
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chris J Seal
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Liu C, Ma R, Tian Y. An overview of the nutritional profile, processing technologies, and health benefits of quinoa with an emphasis on impacts of processing. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5533-5550. [PMID: 36510748 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2155796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Consumers are becoming increasingly conscious of adopting a healthy lifestyle and demanding food with high nutritional values. Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) has attracted considerable attention and is consumed worldwide in the form of a variety of whole and processed products owing to its excellent nutritional features, including richness in micronutrients and bioactive phytochemicals, well-balanced amino acids composition, and gluten-free properties. Recent studies have indicated that the diverse utilization and final product quality of this pseudo-grain are closely related to the processing technologies used, which can result in variations in nutritional profiles and health benefits. This review comprehensively summarizes the nutritional properties, processing technologies, and potential health benefits of quinoa, suggesting that quinoa plays a promising role in enhancing the nutrition of processed food. In particular, the effects of different processing technologies on the nutritional profile and health benefits of quinoa are highlighted, which can provide a foundation for the updating and upgrading of the quinoa processing industry. It further discusses the present quinoa-based food products containing quinoa as partial or whole substitute for traditional grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Rongrong Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yaoqi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Shen ZJ, Xu SX, Huang QY, Li ZY, Xu YD, Lin CS, Huang YJ. TMT proteomics analysis of a pseudocereal crop, quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), during seed maturation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:975073. [PMID: 36426144 PMCID: PMC9678934 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.975073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), an Andean native crop, is increasingly popular around the world due to its high nutritional content and stress tolerance. The production and the popularity of this strategic global food are greatly restricted by many limiting factors, such as seed pre-harvest sprouting, bitter saponin, etc. To solve these problems, the underlying mechanism of seed maturation in quinoa needs to be investigated. In this study, based on the investigation of morphological characteristics, a quantitative analysis of its global proteome was conducted using the combinational proteomics of tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling and parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). The proteome changes related to quinoa seed maturation conversion were monitored to aid its genetic improvement. Typical changes of morphological characteristics were discovered during seed maturation, including mean grain diameter, mean grain thickness, mean hundred-grain weight, palea, episperm color, etc. With TMT proteomics analysis, 581 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified. Functional classification analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment analysis showed that most DAPs involved in photosynthesis were downregulated, indicating low levels of photosynthesis. DAPs that participated in glycolysis, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase, and alcohol dehydrogenase, were upregulated to fulfill the increasing requirement of energy consumption during maturation conversion. The storage proteins, such as globulins, legumins, vicilins, and oleosin, were also increased significantly during maturation conversion. Protein-protein interaction analysis and function annotation revealed that the upregulation of oleosin, oil body-associated proteins, and acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 2 resulted in the accumulation of oil in quinoa seeds. The downregulation of β-amyrin 28-oxidase was observed, indicating the decreasing saponin content, during maturation, which makes the quinoa "sweet". By the PRM and qRT-PCR analysis, the expression patterns of most selected DAPs were consistent with the result of TMT proteomics. Our study enhanced the understanding of the maturation conversion in quinoa. This might be the first and most important step toward the genetic improvement of quinoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Shen
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Su-Xia Xu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Qing-Yun Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Zi-Yang Li
- Institute of Gene Science for Bamboo and Rattan Resources, International Center for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ding Xu
- Landscape Architecture and Landscape Research Branch, China Academy of Urban Planning and Design, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Song Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Subtropical Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany, Xiamen, China
| | - Yi-Jin Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Spahr A, Divnic‐Resnik T. Impact of health and lifestyle food supplements on periodontal tissues and health. Periodontol 2000 2022; 90:146-175. [PMID: 35916868 PMCID: PMC9804634 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
According to the new classification, periodontitis is defined as a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic biofilms and characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus. This definition, based on the current scientific evidence, clearly indicates and emphasizes, beside the microbial component dental biofilm, the importance of the inflammatory reaction in the progressive destruction of periodontal tissues. The idea to modulate this inflammatory reaction in order to decrease or even cease the progressive destruction was, therefore, a logical consequence. Attempts to achieve this goal involve various kinds of anti-inflammatory drugs or medications. However, there is also an increasing effort in using food supplements or so-called natural food ingredients to modulate patients' immune responses and maybe even improve the healing of periodontal tissues. The aim of this chapter of Periodontology 2000 is to review the evidence of various food supplements and ingredients regarding their possible effects on periodontal inflammation and wound healing. This review may help researchers and clinicians to evaluate the current evidence and to stimulate further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Spahr
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Tihana Divnic‐Resnik
- Discipline of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
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12
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Glycaemia Fluctuations Improvement in Old-Age Prediabetic Subjects Consuming a Quinoa-Based Diet: A Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112331. [PMID: 35684131 PMCID: PMC9183167 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to observe if quinoa could produce a benefit on postprandial glycemia that would result in less progression to type 2 diabetes (T2D). A cross-over design pilot clinical study with a nutritional intervention for 8 weeks was performed: 4 weeks on a regular diet (RD) and 4 weeks on a quinoa diet (QD). Nine subjects aged ≥65 years with prediabetes were monitored during the first 4 weeks of RD with daily dietary records and FreeStyle Libre®. Subsequently, participants started the QD, where quinoa and 100% quinoa-based products replaced foods rich in complex carbohydrates that they had consumed in the first 4 weeks of RD. The glycemic measurements recorded by the sensors were considered as functions of time, and the effects of nutrients consumed at the intended time period were analyzed by means of a function-on-scalar regression (fosr) model. With QD participants, decreased body weight (−1.6 kg, p = 0.008), BMI (−0.6 kg/m2p = 0.004) and waist circumference (−1.5 cm, p = 0.015) were observed. Nutrients intake changed during QD, namely, decreased carbohydrates (p = 0.004) and increased lipids (p = 0.004) and some amino acids (p < 0.05). The fosr model showed a reduction in postprandial glycemia in QD despite intrapersonal differences thanks to the joint action of different nutrients and the suppression of others consumed on a regular diet. We conclude that in an old age and high T2D-risk population, a diet rich in quinoa reduces postprandial glycemia and could be a promising T2D-preventive strategy.
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13
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Erfidan S, Dede S, Usta A, Yüksek V, Çetin S. The effect of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) on apoptotic, autophagic, antioxidant and inflammation markers in glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance in rats. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6509-6516. [PMID: 35618936 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance plays an important role in predicting type 2 diabetes that may develops. This study was planned in order to investigate the beneficial effects of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) use in glucocorticoid induced-insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-two rats were used as the material (experimental) groups: the control group (C), the quinoa-administered group (Q), the insulin resistance-created group (IR), the IR + metformin group (IM), the IR + quinoa for treatment group (IQ) and the quinoa + IR for prophylaxis group (QI). Blood glucose, insulin levels and HOMA-IR were found to be highest (p < 0.05) in the IR group (p < 0.05). Glucose levels decreased significantly with the administration of quinoa and approached the levels of the control, but the insulin levels and the HOMA-IR did not significantly change. It was also observed that other biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, ALP, total cholesterol, total protein, urea and creatinine) changed significantly in the IR group and approached the levels of the control group with the administration of quinoa. Apoptotic (BCL2 5, BAX 9, CAS 3), autophagic (SQSTM1 7, ATG5) and inflammation (IL-1β, TNF-α) genes were upregulated by 5-11-fold in the IR group. In the groups in which quinoa was administered for treatment and protection, all these genes were found to be upregulated to a lower extent than the IR group. Antioxidant genes (GPX1, SOD1) increased by nine to tenfold in the quinoa groups. CONCLUSION As a result, after administration of quinoa, it was determined that the glucose level increased due to experimental insulin resistance and the liver and kidney damage indicators decreased. It was determined that quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) had significant beneficial effects on biochemical parameters and apoptotic, autophagic, antioxidant and inflammatory markers in experimental glucocorticoid-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siber Erfidan
- Health Sciences Institute, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Semiha Dede
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Usta
- Faculty of Science, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Veysel Yüksek
- Ozalp Regional High School, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Sedat Çetin
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
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14
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Choque Delgado GT, Carlos Tapia KV, Pacco Huamani MC, Hamaker BR. Peruvian Andean grains: Nutritional, functional properties and industrial uses. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:9634-9647. [PMID: 35544604 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2073960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The Andean geography induces favorable conditions for the growth of food plants of high nutritional and functional value. Among these plants are the Andean grains, which are recognized worldwide for their nutritional attributes. The objective of this article is to show the nutritional and functional properties, as well as industrial potential, of Andean grains. Quinoa, amaranth, canihua, and Andean corn are grains that contain bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities that benefit the health of the consumer. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate their functional potential. These high-Andean crops could be used industrially to add value to other functional food products. These reports suggest the inclusion of these grains in the daily diets of people and the application of their active compounds in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grethel Teresa Choque Delgado
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Katerin Victoria Carlos Tapia
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Maria Cecilia Pacco Huamani
- Departamento Académico de Ingeniería de Industrias Alimentarias, Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Perú
| | - Bruce R Hamaker
- Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research and Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
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15
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Atefi M, Mirzamohammadi S, Darand M, Tarrahi MJ. Meta-analysis of the effects of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) interventions on blood lipids. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Deng H, Li B, Qin X. Early versus delay oral feeding for patients after upper gastrointestinal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:167. [PMID: 35488274 PMCID: PMC9052660 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy and safety of early oral feeding (EOF) in patients after upper gastrointestinal surgery through meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). METHODS We analyzed the endpoints of patients including the length of stay (LOS), time of first exhaust, anastomotic leakage and pneumonia from included studies. And we retrieved RCTs from medical literature databases. Weighted mean difference (WMD), risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare the endpoints. RESULTS In total, we retrieved 12 articles (13 trial comparisons) which contained 1771 patients. 887 patients (50.1%) were randomized to EOF group whereas 884 patients (49.9%) were randomized to delay oral feeding group. The result showed that compared with the delay oral feeding group, EOF after upper gastrointestinal surgery significantly shorten the LOS [WMD = - 1.30, 95% CI - 1.79 to - 0.80, I2 = 0.0%] and time of first exhaust [WMD = - 0.39, 95% CI - 0.58 to - 0.20, I2 = 62.1%]. EOF also reduced the risk of pneumonia (RR: 0.74, 95% CI 0.55 to 0.99, I2 = 0.0%). There is no significant difference in the risk of anastomotic leak, anastomotic bleeding, abdominal abscess, reoperation, readmission and mortality. CONCLUSIONS Overall, compared with the traditional oral feeding, EOF could shorten the LOS and time of first exhaust without increasing complications after upper gastrointestinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachu Deng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Baibei Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xingan Qin
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Gland Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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17
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Expected glycemic impact and probiotic stimulating effects of whole grain flours of buckwheat, quinoa, amaranth and chia. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 59:1460-1467. [PMID: 35250069 PMCID: PMC8882750 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-021-05156-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chia, amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat grains have been widely used in food formulations because of their high and balanced nutritional properties. Since all grains are not equally nutritious, there is a requirement for comparing the health-related effects and processing performance of a variety of whole grains. The expected glycemic index (eGI) flours of chia was determined to be quite low, and flours except quinoa can be classified as low GI foods. The highest resistant starch (RS) content (4.76 g/100 g) was found in amaranth flour, and it was followed by buckwheat (1.27 g/100 g). The amaranth had the highest stimulation effect on the growth of probiotics and increased the count of L. acidophilus and B. bifidum as 4.57 and 2.26 log CFU/ml, respectively. Moreover, chia flour showed a positive effect on the growth of L. acidophilus whereas it negatively affected B. bifidum compared to the control. A significant correlation was detected between rapidly available glucose content and eGI. On the other hand, a significant relationship between RS and the growth rate of probiotics was reported.
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18
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Kheto A, Joseph D, Islam M, Dhua S, Das R, Kumar Y, Vashishth R, Sharanagat VS, Kumar K, Nema PK. Microwave roasting induced structural, morphological, antioxidant and functional attributes of Quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa Willd). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankan Kheto
- Department of Food Technology, Vignan Foundation for Science Technology and Research Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Don Joseph
- Department of Food Technology, Vignan Foundation for Science Technology and Research Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Makdud Islam
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Haryana 131028 India
| | - Subhamoy Dhua
- Department of Food Engineering & Technology Tezpur University Assam 784028 India
| | - Rahul Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, SLIET Punjab 148106 India
| | - Yogesh Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, SLIET Punjab 148106 India
| | - Rahul Vashishth
- Department of Food Technology, Vignan Foundation for Science Technology and Research Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Vijay Singh Sharanagat
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Haryana 131028 India
| | - Kshitiz Kumar
- Department of Food Processing Technology A D Patel Institute of Technology New V V Nagar, Gujarat, 388121 India
| | - Prabhat K. Nema
- Department of Food Engineering National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management Haryana 131028 India
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The Role of Pseudocereals in Celiac Disease: Reducing Nutritional Deficiencies to Improve Well-Being and Health. J Nutr Metab 2022; 2022:8502169. [PMID: 35186332 PMCID: PMC8850039 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8502169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease or gluten-dependent enteropathy is a chronic autoimmune pathology triggered by dietary gluten in genetic predisposed individuals, mediated by transglutaminase 2 IgA autoantibodies and associated with a deteriorating immune and inflammatory response. This leads to intestinal villous atrophy, impairing the intestinal mucosa structure and function of secretion, digestion, and absorption. The result is macro- and micronutrient deficiency, including fat soluble vitamins and minerals, and a consequent nutritional status depletion. A lifelong gluten-free diet is the only available treatment for celiac patients in order to assure normal intestinal mucosa and remission of gastrointestinal symptoms. However, a gluten-free diet can itself cause other nutritional deficiencies due to its restrictive nature regarding gluten-containing cereals. A group of gluten-free cereals, known as pseudocereals, is increasingly recognized as valuable options for gluten-free diets due to their high nutritional value. Amaranth, quinoa, millet, and buckwheat are examples of gluten-free nutrient-dense grains that can be used as alternatives to the conventional gluten-containing grains and improve the variety and nutritional quality of the celiac diet. Current work reviews the nutritional pitfalls of a gluten-free diet and analyses how pseudocereals can contribute to revert those deficiencies and optimize the nutritional value of this mandatory diet for the celiac population.
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20
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Comparative evaluation of pseudocereals peptides: A review of their nutritional contribution. Trends Food Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2022.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Zyambo K, Hodges P, Chandwe K, Mweetwa M, Westcott J, Krebs NF, Amadi B, Kelly P. Reduced Fractional Absorption of Zinc in Children With Environmental Enteropathy in Zambia. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 74:277-283. [PMID: 34469927 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We measured fractional absorption of zinc (FAZ) in children with environmental enteropathy (EE) and carried out transcriptomic analysis of biopsies from these children in order to compare FAZ to histology of intestinal biopsies, expression of zinc transporter genes, and biomarkers of enteropathy. METHODS Fractional absorption of a standardized aqueous dose of zinc was measured by a dual isotope ratio technique in a cohort of children ages between 9 and 24 months in Lusaka, Zambia, who all had non-responsive stunting. Gene expression analysis was carried out on biopsies through RNA sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq2000 platform. RESULTS All 33 children had histological features of environmental enteropathy and plasma zinc concentrations below the lower limit of normal. Measured FAZ ranged from 0.18 to 0.93; all values >0.55 were observed in girls. FAZ was negatively correlated with faecal myeloperoxidase (MPO) (ρ = -0.51, n = 17; P = 0.04) and faecal calprotectin (ρ = -0.50, n = 16; P = 0.05), but not blood biomarkers. Of 41 genes with known roles in zinc metabolism, only three metallothionein genes were significantly correlated with FAZ. CONCLUSIONS Zinc homeostasis is impaired in children with environmental enteropathy, and was inversely correlated with mucosal inflammation. Reduced FAZ without specific changes in expression of most zinc transporter genes could be explained by reduced absorptive surface area due to villus/microvillus atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Phoebe Hodges
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kanta Chandwe
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Monica Mweetwa
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Jamie Westcott
- Section of Pediatric Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Nancy F Krebs
- Section of Pediatric Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Beatrice Amadi
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Paul Kelly
- Tropical Gastroenterology & Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
- Blizard Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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22
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Agarwal N, Kolba N, Khen N, Even C, Turjeman S, Koren O, Tako E. Quinoa Soluble Fiber and Quercetin Alter the Composition of the Gut Microbiome and Improve Brush Border Membrane Morphology In Vivo ( Gallus gallus). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030448. [PMID: 35276807 PMCID: PMC8838577 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), a gluten-free pseudo-cereal, has gained popularity over the last decade due to its high nutritional value. Quinoa is a rich source of proteins, carbohydrates, fibers, tocopherols (Vitamin E), unsaturated fatty acids and a wide range of polyphenols. The study used Gallus gallus intra-amniotic feeding, a clinically validated method, to assess the effects of quinoa soluble fiber (QSF) and quercetin 3-glucoside (Q3G) versus control. Quercetin is a pharmacologically active polyphenol found in quinoa. Six groups (no injection, 18 Ω H2O, 5% inulin, 1% Q3G, 5% QSF, 1% Q3G + 5% QSF) were assessed for their effect on the brush border membrane (BBM) functionality, intestinal morphology and cecal bacterial populations. Our results showed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in BBM morphology, particularly goblet and Paneth cell numbers, in the group administered with quinoa and quercetin. However, there were no significant changes seen in the expression of the genes assessed both in the duodenum and liver between any of the treatment groups. Furthermore, fibrous quinoa increased the concentration of probiotic L. plantarum populations compared to the control (H2O). In conclusion, quercetin and quinoa fiber consumption has the potential to improve intestinal morphology and modulate the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Agarwal
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nikolai Kolba
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Noa Khen
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Carmel Even
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (C.E.); (S.T.); (O.K.)
| | - Sondra Turjeman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (C.E.); (S.T.); (O.K.)
| | - Omry Koren
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (C.E.); (S.T.); (O.K.)
| | - Elad Tako
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA; (N.A.); (N.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-607-255-0884
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23
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Zhao P, Li X, Sun H, Zhao X, Wang X, Ran R, Zhao J, Wei Y, Liu X, Chen G. Healthy values and de novo domestication of sand rice ( Agriophyllum squarrosum), a comparative view against Chenopodium quinoa. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-22. [PMID: 34755571 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1999202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Sand rice (Agriophyllum squarrosum) is prized for its well-balanced nutritional properties, broad adaptability in Central Asia and highly therapeutic potentials. It has been considered as a potential climate-resilient crop. Its seed has comparable metabolite profile with Chenopodium quinoa and is rich in proteins, essential amino acids, minerals, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phenolics, but low in carbohydrates. Phenolics like protocatechuic acid and quercetins have been characterized with biological functions on regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in addition to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Sand rice is thus an important source for developing functional and nutraceutical products. Though historical consumption has been over 1300 years, sand rice has undergone few agronomic improvements until recently. Breeding by individual selection has been performed and yield of the best genotype can reach up to 1295.5 kg/ha. Furthermore, chemical mutagenesis has been used to modify the undesirable traits and a case study of a dwarf line (dwarf1), which showed the Green Revolution-like phenotypes, is presented. Utilization of both breeding methodologies will accelerate its domestication process. As a novel crop, sand rice research is rather limited compared with quinoa. More scientific input is urgently required if the nutritional and commercial potentials are to be fully realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ruilan Ran
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Jiecai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuming Wei
- Animal Husbandry Pasture and Green Agriculture Institute of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Guoxiong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Regions, Gansu Province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R, China.,Shapotou Desert Research & Experiment Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China
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Hussain MI, Farooq M, Syed QA, Ishaq A, Al-Ghamdi AA, Hatamleh AA. Botany, Nutritional Value, Phytochemical Composition and Biological Activities of Quinoa. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10112258. [PMID: 34834624 PMCID: PMC8624085 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa is a climate-resilient food grain crop that has gained significant importance in the last few years due to its nutritional composition, phytochemical properties and associated health benefits. Quinoa grain is enriched in amino acids, fiber, minerals, phenolics, saponins, phytosterols and vitamins. Quinoa possesses different human-health promoting biological substances and nutraceutical molecules. This review synthesizes and summarizes recent findings regarding the nutrition and phytochemical properties of quinoa grains and discusses the associated biological mechanisms. Quinoa grains and grain-based supplements are useful in treating different biological disorders of the human body. Quinoa is being promoted as an exceptionally healthy food and a gluten-free super grain. Quinoa could be used as a biomedicine due to the presence of functional compounds that may help to prevent various chronic diseases. Future research needs to explore the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical aspects of quinoa that might help to control different chronic diseases and to promote human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Plant Biology & Soil Science, Universidad de Vigo, As Lagoas, Marcosende, s/n, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- CITACA, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster, Campus da Auga, Universidad de Vigo, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh 123, Oman;
| | - Qamar Abbas Syed
- National Institute of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Food, Nutrition & Home Sciences University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Anum Ishaq
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Management & Technology, Johar Town, Lahore 54770, Pakistan;
| | - Abdullah Ahmed Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (A.A.H.)
| | - Ashraf A. Hatamleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.A.-G.); (A.A.H.)
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Rodríguez Gómez MJ, Matías Prieto J, Cruz Sobrado V, Calvo Magro P. Nutritional characterization of six quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) varieties cultivated in Southern Europe. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.103876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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26
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Ray A, Inamdar AA, Sakhare SD, Srivastava AK. Development of physical process for quinoa fractionation and targeted separation of germ with physical, chemical and SEM studies. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.110957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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27
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Mohamed Ahmed IA, Al Juhaimi F, Özcan MM. Insights into the nutritional value and bioactive properties of quinoa (
Chenopodium quinoa
): past, present and future prospective. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isam A. Mohamed Ahmed
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al Juhaimi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition College of Food and Agricultural Sciences King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehmet Musa Özcan
- Department of Food Engineering Faculty of Agriculture Selcuk University Konya42031Turkey
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Vidaurre‐Ruiz J, Salas‐Valerio F, Schoenlechner R, Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia R. Rheological and textural properties of gluten‐free doughs made from Andean grains. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.14662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julio Vidaurre‐Ruiz
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimento Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Perú
| | - Francisco Salas‐Valerio
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimento Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Perú
| | - Regine Schoenlechner
- Department of Food Science and Technology University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna Austria
| | - Ritva Repo‐Carrasco‐Valencia
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Alimento Facultad de Industrias Alimentarias Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina Lima Perú
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Ugural A, Akyol A. Can pseudocereals modulate microbiota by functioning as probiotics or prebiotics? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1725-1739. [PMID: 33190507 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1846493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat, known as pseudocereals, have been consumed since ancient times and are considered sacred in most cultures. Their grains can be used as cereals for breakfast or mixed with other grains in meals and their health-enhancing effects have been investigated more in recent years. They have an antioxidant effect and their nutrient profiles are enriched with processing techniques such as sprouting and fermentation. Their suitability to different processing techniques and the rapid increase in microbiota researches highlighted the probiotic/prebiotic effects of pseudocereals. Using cultures or naturally fermented amaranth, quinoa and buckwheat exhibited good substrate properties for probiotic bacteria, especially for Lactobacillus strains. Studies have found that they reduce the number of pathogen microorganisms, increase the synthesis of short-chain fatty acids due to their prebiotic effects. Also the number of bacterial colonies do not change during the storage period and their organoleptic properties are revealed. It has been determined that pseudocereals decrease Ruminococcacea, Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteracea, Clostridium, Escherichia and increase Peptoclostridium, Prevotellaceae, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, and Eubacteriaceae. Due to these effects, they are considered as good sources for synbiotic formulations to be developed for the treatment of dysbiosis, obesity, Celiac Disease, lactose intolerance, inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammation-mediated chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Ugural
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aslı Akyol
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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Mhada M, Metougui ML, El Hazzam K, El Kacimi K, Yasri A. Variations of Saponins, Minerals and Total Phenolic Compounds Due to Processing and Cooking of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Seeds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9050660. [PMID: 32443894 PMCID: PMC7278802 DOI: 10.3390/foods9050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a grain of great nutritional interest that gained international importance during the last decade. Before its consumption, this grain goes through many processes that can alter its nutritional value. Here we report the effect of processing (polishing and milling) and cooking (boiling and steaming) on the saponin content, mineral profile of 14 elements using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), protein content, and total phenolic compound. The polishing caused an average drop in the saponin content from 1.7% to 0.46% but induced important losses in mineral content (K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni), and phenolic compounds. However, the greatest nutritional degradation happened after milling due to the elimination of seed teguments and embryos, where over 50% of many minerals, 60% of protein content, and almost the totality of phenolic compounds, were lost. Cooking effect was less important than processing, but some significant losses were attested. Boiling caused a loss of up to 40% for some minerals like K, B, and Mo because of their hydrosolubility, and 88% of the polyphenols, while steaming allowed a better retention of those nutrients. Consuming polished quinoa instead of semolina and using steaming instead of boiling are trade-offs consumer needs to make to get optimal benefits from quinoa virtues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Mhada
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Mohamed Louay Metougui
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
| | - Khadija El Hazzam
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
- Laboratory of Bio-organic and Macromolecular chemistry, Department Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Cadi Ayad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Kamal El Kacimi
- Industrial Executive Operations Division, Gantour Industrial Site, Act 4 Community Gantour, OCP, Youssoufia 46303, Morocco;
| | - Abdelaziz Yasri
- Laboratory of Natural Resources Valorization, AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Benguerir 43150, Morocco; (M.L.M.); (K.E.H.); (A.Y.)
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Morales D, Miguel M, Garcés-Rimón M. Pseudocereals: a novel source of biologically active peptides. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1537-1544. [PMID: 32406747 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1761774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The interest in the research about underexploited foods has increased in the last two decades. Pseudocereals have been consumed by the ancient populations for hundreds of years. These plants that do not belong to the family of cereals, but that have properties and uses similar to them, stand out among underexploited foods. Some of the most representative species are quinoa, amaranth, chia and buckwheat. They do not contain gluten but high valued proteins and peptides can be obtained from them, as well as other nutritional and bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals. Anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic and antihypertensive properties have been found and postulated for pseudocereals protein derived peptides. These interesting characteristics of pseudocereals are producing an increase of the relevance of these crops. The purpose of this work was to carry out an exhaustive revision of the scientific literature describing the biological activities of peptides and protein hydrolysates obtained from the most widely studied pseudocereals: quinoa, amaranth, chia and buckwheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Morales
- Department of Production and Characterization of Novel Foods, Institute of Food Science Research - CIAL (UAM + CSIC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Biotecnología Alimentaria, Instituto de Investigaciones Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
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Nutrition Assessment, Interventions, and Monitoring for Patients with Celiac Disease: An Evidence Analysis Center Scoping Review. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020; 120:1381-1406. [PMID: 31953154 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this scoping review were to identify and characterize studies examining nutrition assessment, interventions, and measures to monitor gluten-free diet (GFD) adherence/compliance in patients with celiac disease (CD). An electronic literature search of four databases (Cochrane Database for systematic reviews, CINAHL, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE) was conducted to identify articles examining nutrition care in CD individuals. Except for narrative review, grey literature, and case study/report, all types of peer-reviewed articles published between January 2007 and August 2018 were eligible. There were a total of 10,823 records; 10,368 were excluded during the first round of screening due to irrelevancy and/or duplication. Of the 455 full-text articles that were assessed, 292 met the criteria and were included. Most of the studies were observational studies (n=212), followed by experimental trials (n=50), evidence-based practice guideline (EBPG)/report/statement (n=16), and systematic review (SR) (n=14). Nine original studies examined assessment, focusing mainly on different tools/ways to assess GFD adherence. The majority of the included original articles (n=235) were in the nutrition intervention category with GFD, oats, and prebiotics/probiotics as the top-three most studied interventions. There were eight SRs on GFD and five on oats. One SR and 21 original studies investigated the effectiveness of different measures to monitor GFD adherence/compliance. Although recent CD EBPGs were identified, different methods with varying levels of rigor, in terms of literature search and assessment of evidence strength, were used. Based on this scoping review, interventions focused on gluten-free diet and oats have been significantly covered by either SRs or EBPGs. Studies related to prebiotics/probiotics and education program/counseling focused interventions, as well as assessment, in CD patients have increased in recent years. Thus, it might be beneficial to conduct SRs/EBPGs focused on these topics to guide practitioners.
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Modest improvement in CVD risk markers in older adults following quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) consumption: a randomized-controlled crossover study with a novel food product. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:3313-3323. [PMID: 31919583 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effect of consuming quinoa biscuits on markers of CVD risk over 4 weeks in free-living older adults. METHODS A randomized-controlled, double-blind crossover trial was conducted in which consenting healthy adults aged 50-75 years (n = 40) consumed 15 g quinoa biscuits (60 g quinoa flour/100 g) or control iso-energetic biscuits (made using wheat flour) daily for 28 consecutive days (4 weeks), in addition to their normal diet. Following a 6-week washout, participants consumed the alternate biscuit for a final 4 weeks. Anthropometry and fasted blood samples were obtained before and after each intervention period. RESULTS At the beginning of the trial, mean ± SD total cholesterol concentrations were 6.02 ± 1.22 mmol/L (3.7-9.2 mmol/L); 33 participants (82.5%) had high cholesterol (> 5 mmol/L). No participants were lost to follow-up and there were no changes in habitual dietary intakes or levels of physical activity between each 4-week intervention period. Significantly greater decreases in total and LDL cholesterol concentrations (- 0.30 ± 0.58 and - 0.25 ± 0.38 mmol/L, respectively), TC: HDL ratio (- 0.11 ± 0.30), weight (- 0.61 ± 0.89 kg) and BMI (- 0.22 ± 0.34 kg/m2) were apparent following consumption of the quinoa versus control biscuits (all P < 0.05). Changes in triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, or PUFA or CRP concentrations were not significant between treatment groups. CONCLUSION Consumption of novel quinoa biscuits produced small, but favorable changes in body weight, BMI, and circulating cholesterol concentrations, all of which may contribute to lowered CVD risk in older adults.
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Ninfali P, Panato A, Bortolotti F, Valentini L, Gobbi P. Morphological analysis of the seeds of three pseudocereals by using light microscopy and ESEM-EDS. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 31941265 PMCID: PMC6985911 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The seed morphology of three pseudocereal grains (PSCg), i.e. quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd, Chenopodiaceae), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Polygonaceae) and amaranth (Amaranthus caudatus L., Amaranthaceae) was studied by light microscopy (LM) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (ESEM-EDS). LM was used with visible light to evaluate either unstained sections or sections stained with Azan mixture, and with fluorescent light. The aim of the study was to compare the architecture of the three seeds in order to connect their morphology with nutrient localization. The Azan staining allowed for the visualization of the seed coat, the embryo - with its shoot apical meristem - and the radicle cell layers, whereas the use of fluorescence microscopy identified the cells rich in phenolic compounds. Finally, the ESEM-EDS analysis revealed that the seed coat of the quinoa was thinner than that of amaranth or buckwheat. In all PSCg, starch granules appeared to be located in large polygonal cells, surrounded by a thin cell wall. Several globoids of proteins were observed in the embryo cells. In the radicle section, the vascular bundles of the procambium were evident, while Amaranth only showed a consistent layer of calcium crystals, located between the embryo and the perisperm. The morphological differences of the three PSCg were discussed in the context of their structural resistance to processing technologies which impact on nutritional value of derived foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolino Ninfali
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo.
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35
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Masson Salaue L. 12th IFDC 2017 Special issue – Foods from Latin America and their nutritional contribution: A global perspective. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2019.103291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Ceyhun Sezgin A, Sanlier N. A new generation plant for the conventional cuisine: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Effects of Quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Consumption on Markers of CVD Risk. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10060777. [PMID: 29914146 PMCID: PMC6024323 DOI: 10.3390/nu10060777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of epidemiological studies have suggested that diets rich in whole grains are linked to lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality. Quinoa, a pseudo-cereal, is included in the “whole grain” category but the effects of quinoa consumption in humans is not widely studied. Our aim was to undertake a dietary intervention study to investigate the effects of daily consumption of quinoa-enriched bread (providing 20 g quinoa flour) on CVD risk markers compared with a 100% refined wheat bread control. Thirty-seven healthy overweight men (35–70 years, body mass index >25 kg/m2) completed a 4-week cross-over intervention, separated by a 4-week washout period. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning and end of each intervention period. Continuous glucose monitoring was undertaken at the end of each intervention period. After 4 weeks of intervention, blood glucose and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were significantly lower than baseline in both groups but there was no difference between quinoa and control. Anthropometric measures and other blood metabolites were not different between the two treatments. The cumulative area under the blood glucose curve for the last 4 days of the quinoa intervention tended to be lower than the first 4 days of wash-out (p = 0.054), and was significantly lower than the corresponding period of the wheat treatment (p = 0.039). In conclusion, daily consumption of quinoa in this short-term intervention appears to modify glucose response, but has minimal effects on other CVD risk biomarkers.
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Campos D, Chirinos R, Gálvez Ranilla L, Pedreschi R. Bioactive Potential of Andean Fruits, Seeds, and Tubers. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2018; 84:287-343. [PMID: 29555072 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Andes is considered the longest continental mountain range in the world. It covers 7000km long and about 200-700km wide and an average height of about 4000m. Very unique plant species are endemic of this area including fruits (e.g., lucuma, cherimoya, sweet pepino, sauco), roots and tubers (potatoes, sweet potatoes, yacón, chicuru, mashua, olluco, etc.), and seeds (quinoa, amaranth, tarwi, etc.). These crops have been used for centuries by the native population and relatively recently have gained the world attention due to the wide range of nutrients and/or phytochemicals they possess. In this chapter, main Andean fruits, seeds, and roots and tubers have been selected and detailed nutritional and functional information is provided. In addition, traditional and current uses are provided and their bioactive potential is reported based on published scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Campos
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Universidad Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosana Chirinos
- Institute of Biotechnology (IBT), Universidad Agraria La Molina, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Romina Pedreschi
- School of Agronomy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
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Navarro-Perez D, Radcliffe J, Tierney A, Jois M. Quinoa Seed Lowers Serum Triglycerides in Overweight and Obese Subjects: A Dose-Response Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2017; 1:e001321. [PMID: 29955719 PMCID: PMC5998774 DOI: 10.3945/cdn.117.001321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) is a pseudo-cereal originally cultivated in the Andean region. The popularity of its seeds has increased in recent years due to the claims of health benefits and superfood qualities. Studies to date on the health benefits of quinoa have been restricted to animal models, and the results provide weak to moderate evidence to support improved plasma lipid profiles. Clinical trials in humans to examine the claims of health benefits of quinoa are limited to a few prospective studies and one randomized trial carried out in postmenopausal women. To our knowledge, no studies have been conducted in the general population. Objective: The objective of this randomized clinical trial was to investigate the effect of different quinoa doses (25 and 50 g/d) on body composition, serum lipids and hormones, and nutrient intakes in overweight and obese humans. Methods: This was a dose-response randomized, controlled, single-blind trial with a parallel design (1 control and 2 treatment groups) that compared the effect of 25 and 50 g quinoa/d in 50 overweight and obese participants over a 12-wk intervention period. Results: Body composition, nutrient intake, and total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol were not significantly altered by quinoa consumption (P > 0.05). Mean serum triglyceride (TG) concentration was reduced significantly in the 50-g quinoa group from 1.14 to 0.72 mmol/L at 12 wk (P < 0.05). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was also reduced in this group by 70%. No significant changes in TGs were observed in the control and 25-g quinoa groups. The prevalence of MetS was reduced by 40% (from n = 7 at baseline to n = 4 at 12 wk) in the 25-g group. Conclusions: The consumption of 50 g quinoa/d lowers serum TGs in overweight and obese participants and reduces the prevalence of MetS. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as UTN U1111-1175-470.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Navarro-Perez
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica Radcliffe
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Audrey Tierney
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nutrition and Sport, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markandeya Jois
- Department of Physiology Anatomy and Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Diagnostic and Research Aspects of Small Intestinal Disaccharidases in Coeliac Disease. J Immunol Res 2017; 2017:1042606. [PMID: 28512643 PMCID: PMC5415861 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1042606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Disaccharidases (DS) are brush border enzymes embedded in the microvillous membrane of small intestinal enterocytes. In untreated coeliac disease (CD), a general decrease of DS activities is seen. This manuscript reviews different aspects of DS activities in CD: their utility in the diagnosis and their application to in vitro toxicity testing. The latter has never been established in CD research. However, with the recent advances in small intestinal organoid techniques, DS might be employed as a biomarker for in vitro studies. This includes establishment of self-renewing epithelial cells raised from tissue, which express differentiation markers, including the brush border enzymes. Determining duodenal DS activities may provide additional information during the diagnostic workup of CD: (i) quantify the severity of the observed histological lesions, (ii) provide predictive values for the grade of mucosal villous atrophy, and (iii) aid diagnosing CD where minor histological changes are seen. DS can also provide additional information to assess the response to a gluten-free diet as marked increase of their activities occurs four weeks after commencing it. Various endogenous and exogenous factors affecting DS might also be relevant when considering investigating the role of DS in other conditions including noncoeliac gluten sensitivity and DS deficiencies.
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41
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Tang Y, Tsao R. Phytochemicals in quinoa and amaranth grains and their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential health beneficial effects: a review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28239982 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus L.) are pseudocereal grains rich in both macronutrients and micronutrients including vitamins and minerals. The proteins are particularly of high nutritional quality due to the outstanding balance of essential amino acids. However, recent research strongly suggests that nonessential nutrients such as phytochemicals of quinoa and amaranth may also have potential health beneficial effects. This review focuses on the phytochemical composition of quinoa and amaranth seeds, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of hydrophilic (e.g. phenolics, betacyanins) and lipophilic (e.g. fatty acids, tocopherols, and carotenoids) nutrients, and how these contribute to the potential health benefits, especially in lowering the risk of the oxidative stress related diseases e.g. cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity. The gap between current knowledge and future research needs have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA.,Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rong Tsao
- Guelph Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, West, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Ross AB, Svelander C, Karlsson G, Savolainen OI. Identification and quantification of even and odd chained 5-n alkylresorcinols, branched chain-alkylresorcinols and methylalkylresorcinols in Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa). Food Chem 2017; 220:344-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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43
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Vilcacundo R, Hernández-Ledesma B. Nutritional and biological value of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Curr Opin Food Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pihlanto A, Mattila P, Mäkinen S, Pajari AM. Bioactivities of alternative protein sources and their potential health benefits. Food Funct 2017; 8:3443-3458. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00302a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the utilisation of plant proteins is needed to support the production of protein-rich foods that could replace animal proteins in the human diet so as to reduce the strain that intensive animal husbandry poses to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Pihlanto
- Natural Resources Institute
- 31600 Jokioinen
- Finland
| | - P. Mattila
- Natural Resources Institute
- 31600 Jokioinen
- Finland
| | - S. Mäkinen
- Natural Resources Institute
- 31600 Jokioinen
- Finland
| | - A.-M. Pajari
- University of Helsinki Department of Food and Environmental Sciences
- 00014 Helsingin yliopisto
- Finland
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Navruz-Varli S, Sanlier N. Nutritional and health benefits of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). J Cereal Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kelly P, Besa E, Zyambo K, Louis-Auguste J, Lees J, Banda T, Soko R, Banda R, Amadi B, Watson A. Endomicroscopic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Impaired Barrier Function and Malabsorption in Environmental Enteropathy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004600. [PMID: 27050312 PMCID: PMC4822862 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Environmental enteropathy (EE) is associated with growth failure, micronutrient malabsorption and impaired responses to oral vaccines. We set out to define cellular mechanisms of impaired barrier function in EE and explore protective mechanisms. Methods We studied 49 adults with environmental enteropathy in Lusaka, Zambia using confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE); histology, immunohistochemistry and mRNA sequencing of small intestinal biopsies; and correlated these with plasma lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and a zinc uptake test. Results CLE images (median 134 for each study) showed virtually ubiquitous small intestinal damage. Epithelial defects, imaged by histology and claudin 4 immunostaining, were predominantly seen at the tips of villi and corresponded with leakage imaged in vivo by CLE. In multivariate analysis, circulating log-transformed LPS was correlated with cell shedding events (β = 0.83; P = 0.035) and with serum glucagon-like peptide-2 (β = -0.13; P = 0.007). Zinc uptake from a test dose of 25mg was attenuated in 30/47 (64%) individuals and in multivariate analysis was reduced by HIV, but positively correlated with GLP-2 (β = 2.72; P = 0.03). There was a U-shaped relationship between circulating LPS and villus surface area. Transcriptomic analysis identified 23 differentially expressed genes in severe enteropathy, including protective peptides and proteins. Conclusions Confocal endomicroscopy, claudin 4 immunostaining and histology identify epithelial defects which are probably sites of bacterial translocation, in the presence of which increased epithelial surface area increases the burden of translocation. GLP 2 and other protective peptides may play an important role in mucosal protection in EE. Environmental enteropathy is a widespread problem in adults and children in many disadvantaged populations, particularly in the tropics. It is not attributable to one specific infectious agent, but likely due to several insults of environmental origin. It is associated with growth failure in children, impaired responses to oral vaccines, and contributes to micronutrient deficiencies. Many of these problems can be related to immune activation, but the pathways of immune activation are unknown. Here we show that translocation of gut microbes and their molecular components is associated with defects in the epithelial lining of the gut, imaged using advanced endoscopic techniques. We also report evidence that these defects are associated with failure of endocrine and paracrine repair mechanisms which in health should restore the integrity of the intestinal barrier. These observations may open up new approaches for therapy for a neglected tropical disorder which impairs the health of millions of adults and children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kelly
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Ellen Besa
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Kanekwa Zyambo
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - John Louis-Auguste
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Lees
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Themba Banda
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rose Soko
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Rosemary Banda
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Beatrice Amadi
- Tropical Gastroenterology and Nutrition group, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Alastair Watson
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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Laparra JM, Haros M. Inclusion of ancient Latin-American crops in bread formulation improves intestinal iron absorption and modulates inflammatory markers. Food Funct 2016; 7:1096-102. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo01197c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study compares iron (Fe) absorption in Fe-deficient animals from bread formulations prepared by substitution of white wheat flour (WB) by whole wheat flour (WWB), amaranth flour (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, 25%) (AB) and quinoa flour (Chenopodium quinoa, 25%) (QB), or chia flour (Salvia hispanica L, 5%) (ChB).
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Affiliation(s)
- José Moisés Laparra
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna-Valencia
- Spain
| | - Monika Haros
- Instituto de Agroquímica y Tecnología de Alimentos (IATA)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- 46980 Paterna-Valencia
- Spain
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Wu G, Peterson AJ, Morris CF, Murphy KM. Quinoa Seed Quality Response to Sodium Chloride and Sodium Sulfate Salinity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:790. [PMID: 27375648 PMCID: PMC4891947 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is an Andean crop with an edible seed that both contains high protein content and provides high quality protein with a balanced amino acid profile in embryonic tissues. Quinoa is a halophyte adapted to harsh environments with highly saline soil. In this study, four quinoa varieties were grown under six salinity treatments and two levels of fertilization, and then evaluated for quinoa seed quality characteristics, including protein content, seed hardness, and seed density. Concentrations of 8, 16, and 32 dS m(-1) of NaCl and Na2SO4, were applied to the soil medium across low (1 g N, 0.29 g P, 0.29 g K per pot) and high (3 g N, 0.85 g P, 0.86 g K per pot) fertilizer treatments. Seed protein content differed across soil salinity treatments, varieties, and fertilization levels. Protein content of quinoa grown under salinized soil ranged from 13.0 to 16.7%, comparable to that from non-saline conditions. NaCl and Na2SO4 exhibited different impacts on protein content. Whereas the different concentrations of NaCl did not show differential effects on protein content, the seed from 32 dS m(-1) Na2SO4 contained the highest protein content. Seed hardness differed among varieties, and was moderately influenced by salinity level (P = 0.09). Seed density was affected significantly by variety and Na2SO4 concentration, but was unaffected by NaCl concentration. The samples from 8 dS m(-1) Na2SO4 soil had lower density (0.66 g/cm(3)) than those from 16 dS m(-1) and 32 dS m(-1) Na2SO4, 0.74 and 0.72g/cm(3), respectively. This paper identifies changes in critical seed quality traits of quinoa as influenced by soil salinity and fertility, and offers insights into variety response and choice across different abiotic stresses in the field environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyang Wu
- School of Food Science, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Adam J. Peterson
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Craig F. Morris
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service-Western Wheat Quality Laboratory, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
| | - Kevin M. Murphy
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State UniversityPullman, WA, USA
- *Correspondence: Kevin M. Murphy,
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Arneja I, Tanwar B, Chauhan A. Nutritional Composition and Health Benefits of Golden Grain of 21st Century, Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.): A Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2015.1034.1040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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