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Di Nucci A, Silano M, Cardamone E. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and Health Outcomes in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review. Nutr Rev 2024:nuae085. [PMID: 38954538 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Proper nutrition represents 1 of the domains of adolescents' well-being. In this context, the Mediterranean diet (MD), as a healthy, traditional, and sustainable dietary pattern, plays a crucial role in promoting adequate growth and preventing chronic noncommunicable diseases. OBJECTIVE The currently available evidence on the effects of adherence to the MD (AMD) in association with several physical health outcomes in adolescence is summarized in this review. DATA SOURCES Five electronic databases were searched. STUDY SELECTION Systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis of observational studies and randomized clinical trials, published in English during 2013-2022, and that assessed the health impact of AMD among adolescents were eligible. DATA EXTRACTION Details on study design, methods, population, assessment of dietary patterns, health outcomes, and main results were extracted. RESULTS The search yielded 59 references after removal of duplicates. Applying PICOS criteria, 4 systematic reviews and 3 meta-analyses ultimately were included in this review. The AMD was evaluated in association with overweight/obesity and adiposity in 2 studies, musculoskeletal health in another 2, inflammation in 1 study, and cardiometabolic health in 1 study. The seventh review examined all mentioned health outcomes (overweight and obesity, musculoskeletal health, inflammation, and cardiometabolic health) in relation to AMD. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this umbrella review showed limited evidence and a lack of consistency about the relation between AMD and health outcomes of interest in adolescence, indicating the need for more studies to better understand it. SYSTEMIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023428712.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Di Nucci
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Erica Cardamone
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Rao ND, Lemaitre RN, Sitlani CM, Umans JG, Haack K, Handeland V, Navas-Acien A, Cole SA, Best LG, Fretts AM. Dietary magnesium, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6: The Strong Heart Family Study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296238. [PMID: 38128021 PMCID: PMC10734955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the associations of dietary Mg intake with inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)), and the interaction of dietary Mg intake with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3740393, a SNP related to Mg metabolism and transport, on CRP and IL-6 among American Indians (AIs). METHODS This cross-sectional study included AI participants (n = 1,924) from the Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS). Mg intake from foods and dietary supplements was ascertained using a 119-item Block food frequency questionnaire, CRP and IL-6 were measured from blood, and SNP rs3740393 was genotyped using MetaboChip. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine associations of Mg intake, and the interaction between rs3740393 and dietary Mg, with CRP and IL-6. RESULTS Reported Mg intake was not associated with CRP or IL-6, irrespective of genotype. A significant interaction (p-interaction = 0.018) was observed between Mg intake and rs3740393 on IL-6. Among participants with the C/C genotype, for every 1 SD higher in log-Mg, log-IL-6 was 0.04 (95% CI: -0.10 to 0.17) pg/mL higher. Among participants with the C/G genotype, for every 1 SD higher in log-Mg, log-IL-6 was 0.08 (95% CI: -0.21 to 0.05) pg/mL lower, and among participants with the G/G genotype, for every 1 SD higher in log-Mg, log-IL-6 was 0.19 (95% CI: -0.38 to -0.01) pg/mL lower. CONCLUSIONS Mg intake may be associated with lower IL-6 with increasing dosage of the G allele at rs3740393. Future research is necessary to replicate this finding and examine other Mg-related genes that influence associations of Mg intake with inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandana D. Rao
- Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Rozenn N. Lemaitre
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Health Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Health Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason G. Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Hyattsville, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Karin Haack
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Ana Navas-Acien
- Department of Environmental Health Science, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Shelley A. Cole
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lyle G. Best
- Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc, Eagle Butte, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Amanda M. Fretts
- Institute of Public Health Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Health Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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Bogea EG, Martins MLB, França AKTDC, da Silva AAM. Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Status and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents from the RPS Birth Cohort Consortium. Nutrients 2023; 15:4640. [PMID: 37960293 PMCID: PMC10648275 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the dietary patterns (DPs) of adolescents and assess indicators of subclinical inflammation. It was a cross-sectional study aligned with the RPS cohort with data from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. We evaluated 511 adolescents between 18-19 years old. DPs were identified with a factor analysis of the principal components. Nutritional status was assessed with body mass index and body fat percentages. Hierarchical modeling was performed using a linear regression to estimate the beta coefficient (β) of the independent variables with the dependent variables interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Five DPs were identified: energy-dense, sugar-sweetened beverages and breakfast cereals, prudent, traditional Brazilian and alcoholic and energy beverages. Greater adherence to the prudent DP was associated with a lower concentration of interleukin-6 (β = -0.11; p value = 0.040). Greater adherence to the DP "traditional Brazilian" and "alcoholic and energy beverages" were associated with increased IL-6, mediated by the nutritional status. A higher BMI (β = 0.36; p value = <0.001) and %BF (β = 0.02; p value = 0.014) were associated with higher hs-CRP concentrations. The nutritional status and "prudent" pattern were associated with inflammatory biomarkers. These findings show that a higher consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods and the adequacy of the nutritional status are protective factors for the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduarda Gomes Bogea
- Postgraduate Programme in Collective Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65020-070, Brazil; (M.L.B.M.); (A.K.T.d.C.F.); (A.A.M.d.S.)
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Polak-Szczybyło E. Low-Grade Inflammation and Role of Anti-Inflammatory Diet in Childhood Obesity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20031682. [PMID: 36767041 PMCID: PMC9914259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20031682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
At present, pediatric obesity is a significant public health concern. We have seen a surge of disorders that are obesity-related, e.g., insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), autoimmune disorders and many more. The mechanisms linking these diseases to excess body weight are related to low-grade inflammation (LGI). Although there is a limited number of studies assessing this immune process in childhood obesity, they indicate its significant importance for the health of future generations. There is a need for more research into the prevention and treatment of low-grade inflammation in childhood. The aim of this review is to present and discuss the process of "cold" inflammation, and its impact on health and anti-inflammation nutrition. A diet rich in anti-inflammatory nutrients may be the key to maintaining health, as well as recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Polak-Szczybyło
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, College for Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszow, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
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Bahrampour N, Shiraseb F, Noori S, Clark CCT, Mirzaei K. Is there any putative mediatory role of inflammatory markers on the association between ultra-processed foods and resting metabolic rate? Front Nutr 2022; 9:932225. [PMID: 36313082 PMCID: PMC9606709 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.932225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The resting metabolic rate (RMR) represents the largest component of total daily energy expenditure. The sale of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is increasing globally; however, UPF can have many adverse effects, including increasing inflammatory markers and altering RMRs. This cross-sectional study included 285 healthy overweight and obese women. Anthropometric measurements were evaluated using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer InBody 770 scanner. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasminogen activator-1 (PAI-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) blood levels were measured after a 12-h fasting. Indirect calorimetry was used to evaluate the RMR by using the Weir equation, and RMR deviation (RMR estimated - RMR actual), RMR per body mass index (BMI), and free fat mass (FFM) were estimated. A validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used, and seven groups of UPFs were extracted based on the NOVA method. A negative association between the RMR [β = -0.159, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.471, -0.052, P = 0.044], RMR per BMI (β = -0.014, 95% CI: -0.025, -0.006, P = 0.036), and RMR per FFM (β = -0.241, 95% CI: -0.006, -0.000, P = 0.041) using the NOVA score was observed after adjusting for confounders. This association disappeared after inclusion of each inflammatory marker. All the markers may inversely mediate the relationship between the mentioned variables and the NOVA score. hs-CRP and MCP-1 also had a negative effect on the relationship between the NOVA score and RMR deviation. Finally, UPF intake is likely related with the RMR, mediated through changes in the production of hs-CRP, PAI-1, MCP-1, and IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niki Bahrampour
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Farideh Shiraseb
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Noori
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University (SRBIAU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Cain C. T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Khadijeh Mirzaei, ;
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Jia G, Wu CC, Su CH. Dietary inflammatory index and metabolic syndrome in US children and adolescents: evidence from NHANES 2001-2018. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:39. [PMID: 35698152 PMCID: PMC9195322 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00673-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increasing number of children and adolescents are affected by metabolic syndrome (MetS). Dietary inflammatory index (DII) was associated with MetS in adult population. This study aimed to determine the associations between DII scores, MetS, and MetS components among children and adolescents. Methods Data of children and adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database 2001–2008 were obtained. DII was calculated for each participant based on the 24-h dietary recall interview. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were conducted to determine the associations between DII, the other study variables and abnormal MetS components. Results A total of 5,656 US children and adolescents (mean age = 15.49) in the 2001–2018 NHANES database were included. After adjusting for all confounders in the multivariate analysis, the top DII quartile was significantly and independently associated with increased odds of high blood pressure (BP) (aOR = 2.27, 95% CI: 1.02–5.07) as compared with the lowest DII quartile. DII in quartile 2, 3 or 4 were not significantly associated with increased odds of MetS, high waist circumference (WC), low high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglyceride (TG) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG) as compared with the lowest quartile. In stratified analysis by recommended physical activity level for children and adolescents, no significant association was observed between higher DII and MetS. Conclusions Among US children and adolescents, high DII is associated with prevalent high BP but not MetS. The finding may contribute to future policymaking in promoting children’s health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00673-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guhua Jia
- Sports Teaching Department, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chieh-Chen Wu
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, No. 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei City, 11114, Taiwan. .,Department of Healthcare Information and Management, School of Health Technology, Ming Chuan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hsien Su
- Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, Graduate Institute of Sport Coaching Science, College of Kinesiology and Health, Chinese Culture University, No. 55, Hwa-Kang Road, Yang-Ming-Shan, Taipei City, 11114, Taiwan.
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Maternal Obesity in Twin Pregnancy: The Role of Nutrition to Reduce Maternal and Fetal Complications. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071326. [PMID: 35405938 PMCID: PMC9003274 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There are more and more obese mothers with twin gestations. For a long time before, the responses of lymphocytes and platelets in obese women can cause a low-grade inflammation. In addition, a proper control of gestational weight gain would improve the outcomes in mothers with high pre-gestational body mass index (BMI). In women with high pre-gestational BMI and twin pregnancy, our aims were to explore the biochemical and hematological parameters and to study the rate of obstetric adverse outcomes. This was an observational and retrospective study conducted in the Hospital Universitario La Paz (Madrid, Spain). We included 20 twin pregnancies as the lean group (BMI = 18.5–24.9 kg/m2), homogeneous in the maternal age and ethnicity, and having parity with other 20 twin pregnancies as the obese group (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2). The maternal data and maternal, fetal, obstetric, and neonatal complications were collected from the medical records. In the first and third trimester of pregnancy, the biochemical and hematological parameters of the blood were assayed. In this cohort, gestational weight gain was significantly lower in the obese than lean group. In the first trimester, the hemoglobin levels in obese women (12.1 ± 0.8 g/dL) were lower than lean women (12.6 ± 0.7 g/dL; p-Value = 0.048). In addition, the tendency of glucose levels, TSH levels and platelets was to increase in obese compared to lean women. In the third trimester, the TSH levels were higher in obese (3.30 ± 1.60 mUI/L) than lean women (1.70 ± 1.00 mUI/L; p-Value = 0.009). Furthermore, there was a tendency for levels of platelets and lymphocytes to increase in obese compared to lean women. No significant differences were detected in the rate of maternal, fetal, obstetrical, and neonatal complications between the groups. The hemoglobin, platelets, lymphocytes and TSH levels need further investigation to understand potential subclinical inflammation in obese women. Furthermore, obese women with twin pregnancies should follow-up with a specialist nutritionist, to help them control their gestational weight gain with appropriate dietary measures.
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Bujtor M. Can dietary intake protect against low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents? Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 18:100369. [PMID: 34825233 PMCID: PMC8604686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. In this review, I discuss the current observational and interventional evidence that supports a potential therapeutic role for dietary intake in the amelioration of low-grade inflammation and highlight the need to develop a better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying and attenuating the associations between dietary intake and low-grade inflammation in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bujtor
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience Division of Psychological Medicine Kings College London and Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Mukherjee R, Pandya P, Baxi D, Ramachandran AV. Endocrine Disruptors-'Food' for Thought. PROCEEDINGS OF THE ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2021; 74:432-442. [PMID: 34866764 PMCID: PMC8632730 DOI: 10.1007/s12595-021-00414-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Green vegetables, fruits, cereals, and pulses are all rich sources of antioxidants. Retinoic acid, ascorbate, proanthocyanidins, tannins, saponins, melatonin, curcumin, allicin, and alpha-lipoic acid stand documented in plants as bioactive compounds. The international dietary committee advocates a specific quantum of these natural antioxidants through diet. Interestingly, environmental pollution has indeed affected most of these farm products. The use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and heavy metals in soil has a cumulative effect on human health. Enough evidence is available for the presence of phytoestrogen, xenoestrogen, and a host of other endocrine disruptors in the food. These plant-based nutrients can mimic or enhance the natural hormone's health effects. While endocrine disruptors are found in many everyday products, this review aims to address endocrine disruptors from food in the Asian subcontinent. 'Food for thought' justifies the paradigm shift towards good endocrine health by swaying away from the conventional daily dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktim Mukherjee
- Shree P.M. Patel Institute of PG Studies and Research in Science, Affiliated to Sardar Patel University, Anand, Gujarat India
| | - Parth Pandya
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - Darshee Baxi
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
| | - A. V. Ramachandran
- School of Science, Navrachana University, Vadodara, 391410 Gujarat India
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Bogea EG, Martins MLB, Carmo CDSD, Nascimento JXPT, Arruda SPM, Ribeiro CCC, França AKTDC, Silva AAMD. [Factors associated with inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents: analysis by structural equation modeling]. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2021; 37:e00212220. [PMID: 34816953 DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00212220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to analyze factors associated with inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents. This was a cross-sectional study in 391 adolescents 17-18 years of age in public schools in São Luís, Maranhão State, Brazil. Three-stage random cluster sampling was performed in schools, classes, and students. Food consumption was studied with a food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were extracted by principal components factor analysis. Assessment of factors associated with inflammatory biomarkers used structural equation modeling. Latent variables were constructed: socioeconomic status, which included maternal schooling, family income, and economic class; and inflammation, consisting of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and interleukin-8. A theoretical model was developed to assess factors associated with inflammatory biomarkers, indicating direct and indirect effects between the latent and observed variables. Three dietary patterns were identified (Western, basic Brazilian, and healthy), with 31% explained variance and the Western pattern with the largest share. No associations were found between the patterns and the latent variable inflammation (standardized coefficients = 0.281; p = 0.002). Extraction of the three patterns evidenced higher consumption of foods high in carbohydrates and fats, which are nutrients associated directly with the increase in chronic noncommunicable diseases. Excess weight was associated with higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers.
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The relationship between Dietary Inflammatory Index and disease severity and inflammatory status: a case-control study of COVID-19 patients. Br J Nutr 2021; 127:773-781. [PMID: 34420546 PMCID: PMC8446593 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114521003214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have revealed strong relationships between COVID-19 and inflammation. However, the imminent link between diet-related inflammation and the COVID-19 risk has not been addressed before. So, we explored the capability of the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII) to predict the inflammatory markers, incidence and severity of COVID-19. We conducted a case-control study consisting of 120 adults; they had been admitted for COVID-19 at hospital during June and July, 2020. The E-DII score was calculated based on the dietary intake, which was evaluated by a 138-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Serum levels of inflammatory markers including the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and White blood cells (WBCs) differential were measured. Severity of disease was assessed by chest radiology criteria. Patients with the maximum pro-inflammatory energy adjusted E-DII score had 7·26 times greater odds of developing COVID-19, as compared to those in tertiles 1 (E-DII T3v. E-DII T1: OR = 7·26; 95 % CI 2·64 to 9·94, P < 0·001). Also, a positive association between E-DII and C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed (BE-DII = 1·37, 95 % CI 0·72, 2·02), such that with each unit increase in E-E-DII, the CRP levels were increased by 1·37 units. Furthermore, a significant association was found between E-DII and the severity of disease (BE-DII = 0·03, 95 % CI 0·01, 0·06. 0·024). Patients consuming a diet with a higher pro-inflammatory potential were at a greater risk of COVID-19 occurrence; also, the severity of disease was elevated with a high score inflammatory diet.
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Bujtor M, Turner AI, Torres SJ, Esteban-Gonzalo L, Pariante CM, Borsini A. Associations of Dietary Intake on Biological Markers of Inflammation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:356. [PMID: 33503979 PMCID: PMC7911843 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In children and adolescents, chronic low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of co- and multi-morbid conditions to mental health disorders. Diet quality is a potential mechanism of action that can exacerbate or ameliorate low-grade inflammation; however, the exact way dietary intake can regulate the immune response in children and adolescents is still to be fully understood. METHODS Studies that measured dietary intake (patterns of diet, indices, food groups, nutrients) and any inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents aged 2 to19 years and published until November 2020 were included in this systematic review, and were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines through the following databases: Academic Search Complete, CINAHL, Global Health, Medline COMPLETE and Web of Science-Core Collection. A total of 53 articles were identified. RESULTS Results show that adequate adherence to healthful dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet, or food groups such as vegetables and fruit, or macro/micro nutrients such as fibre or vitamin C and E, are associated with decreased levels of pro-inflammatory biomarkers, mainly c-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), whereas adherence to a Western dietary pattern, as well as intake of food groups such as added sugars, macro-nutrients such as saturated fatty acids or ultra-processed foods, is associated with higher levels of the same pro-inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS This is the first systematic review examining dietary intake and biological markers of inflammation in both children and adolescents. A good quality diet, high in vegetable and fruit intake, wholegrains, fibre and healthy fats ameliorates low-grade inflammation, and therefore represents a promising therapeutic approach, as well as an important element for disease prevention in both children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Bujtor
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Anne I. Turner
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Susan J. Torres
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia; (M.B.); (A.I.T.); (S.J.T.)
| | - Laura Esteban-Gonzalo
- Nursing Department, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Carmine M. Pariante
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9RT, UK;
| | - Alessandra Borsini
- Stress, Psychiatry and Immunology Laboratory, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE5 9RT, UK;
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Elsadek AE, Al-Shokary AH, Abdelghani WE, Kamal NM, Ibrahim AO, El-Shorbagy HH, Suliman HA, Barseem NF, Abdel Maksoud YH, Azab SM, Nour El Din DM. Serum Levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Children With Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. J Pediatr Neurosci 2021; 15:402-408. [PMID: 33936305 PMCID: PMC8078629 DOI: 10.4103/jpn.jpn_1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common disorder in children, but its etiology and pathogenesis are still unclear. Aims: The aims of this study were to measure the level of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as markers of immune system involvement in children with ADHD, and to study their correlation with symptoms severity of ADHD. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on 80 children diagnosed as ADHD based on the criteria adapted from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition. Eighty healthy children of matched age and sex served as a control group. All children enrolled in the study were subjected to history taking, clinical examination, and psychometric tests. Assay for serum IL-6 and TNF-α for all patients and controls was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: The mean serum level of IL-6 was 26.11 ± 11.14 and 6.23 ± 2.52 in children with ADHD and controls, respectively. Children with ADHD showed significantly higher serum IL-6 levels than the control group (P = 0.001). Serum IL-6 showed no significant correlation with the intelligence quotient (IQ) or the Abbreviated Conners’ Rating Scale scores for parents. However, TNF-α showed no significant differences between the two groups and no significant correlation with the IQ or the Abbreviated Conners’ Rating Scale scores for parents. Conclusion: Serum IL-6 levels were significantly higher in children with ADHD compared to controls; however, the IL-6 levels did not correlate with ADHD symptoms severity. Increased IL-6 levels may contribute to the etiology of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Naglaa M Kamal
- Department of Pediatric/Pediatric Hepatology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Pediatric/Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Alhada and Taif Armed Forces Hospitals, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hatem H El-Shorbagy
- Department of Pediatric/Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom, Egypt.,Department of Pediatric/Pediatric Neurology, Alhada and Taif Armed Forces, Hospitals, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naglaa Fathy Barseem
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen Elkom, Egypt
| | | | - Sanaa M Azab
- Pediatric Department, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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14
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Monserrat-Mesquida M, Quetglas-Llabrés M, Abbate M, Montemayor S, Mascaró CM, Casares M, Tejada S, Abete I, Zulet MA, Tur JA, Martínez JA, Sureda A. Oxidative Stress and Pro-Inflammatory Status in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E759. [PMID: 32824349 PMCID: PMC7463614 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive fat accumulation, especially triglycerides, in hepatocytes. If the pathology is not properly treated, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and continue to fibrosis, cirrhosis or hepatocarcinoma. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current research was to identify the plasma biomarkers of liver damage, oxidative stress and inflammation that facilitate the early diagnosis of the disease and control its progression. METHODS Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers were measured in the plasma of patients diagnosed with NAFLD (n = 100 adults; 40-60 years old) living in the Balearic Islands, Spain. Patients were classified according to the intrahepatic fat content (IFC) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Circulating glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were higher in patients with an IFC ≥ 2 of NAFLD in comparison to patients with an IFC of 0 and 1. The plasma levels of catalase, irisin, interleukin-6, malondialdehyde, and cytokeratin 18 were higher in stage ≥2 subjects, whereas the resolvin D1 levels were lower. No differences were observed in xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, protein carbonyl and fibroblast growth factor 21 depending on liver status. CONCLUSION The current available data show that the severity of NAFLD is associated with an increase in oxidative stress and proinflammatory status. It may be also useful as diagnostic purpose in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalida Monserrat-Mesquida
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Magdalena Quetglas-Llabrés
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Manuela Abbate
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Sofía Montemayor
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Miguel Casares
- Radiodiagnosis Service, Red Asistencial Juaneda, 07011 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
| | - Silvia Tejada
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, University of the Balearic Islands, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Itziar Abete
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Zulet
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josep A. Tur
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences, and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Cardiometabolics Precision Nutrition Program, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM-CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoni Sureda
- Research Group in Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands and Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; (M.M.-M.); (M.Q.-L.); (M.A.); (S.M.); (C.M.M.); (S.T.); (A.S.)
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (I.A.); (M.A.Z.); (J.A.M.)
- Health Research Institute of Balearic Islands (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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15
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Vizzuso S, Amatruda M, Del Torto A, D’Auria E, Ippolito G, Zuccotti GV, Verduci E. Is Macronutrients Intake a Challenge for Cardiometabolic Risk in Obese Adolescents? Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061785. [PMID: 32560039 PMCID: PMC7353408 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Pediatric obesity is an emerging public health issue, mainly related to western diet. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the association between macronutrients intake and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese adolescents. (2) Methods: Ninety-three Italian obese adolescents were recruited; anthropometric parameters, body composition, glucose and lipid metabolism profiles were measured. Macronutrients intake was estimated by a software-assisted analysis of a 120-item frequency questionnaire. The association between macronutrients and cardiometabolic risk factors was assessed by bivariate correlation, and multiple regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders such as age and sex. (3) Results: By multiple regression analysis, we found that higher energy and lower carbohydrate intakes predicted higher body mass index (BMI) z-score, p = 0.005, and higher saturated fats intake and higher age predicted higher HOmeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and lower QUantitative Insulin-sensitivity ChecK (QUICK) index, p = 0.001. In addition, a saturated fats intake <7% was associated with normal HOMA-IR, and a higher total fats intake predicted a higher HOMA of percent β-cell function (HOMA-β), p = 0.011. (4) Conclusions: Higher energy intake and lower carbohydrate dietary intake predicted higher BMI z-score after adjustment for age and sex. Higher total and saturated fats dietary intakes predicted insulin resistance, even after adjustment for confounding factors. A dietary pattern including appropriate high-quality carbohydrate and reduced saturated fat intakes could result in reduced cardiometabolic risk in obese adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Vizzuso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.V.); (M.A.); (G.I.)
| | - Matilde Amatruda
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.V.); (M.A.); (G.I.)
| | | | - Enza D’Auria
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Giulio Ippolito
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.V.); (M.A.); (G.I.)
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (G.V.Z.)
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.V.); (M.A.); (G.I.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital University of Milan, 20154 Milan, Italy; (E.D.); (G.V.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Pérez-Gimeno G, Rupérez AI, Vázquez-Cobela R, Herráiz-Gastesi G, Gil-Campos M, Aguilera CM, Moreno LA, Leis Trabazo MR, Bueno-Lozano G. Energy Dense Salty Food Consumption Frequency Is Associated with Diastolic Hypertension in Spanish Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041027. [PMID: 32283662 PMCID: PMC7230361 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure (BP) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and sodium consumption is related to high BP. Moreover, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) influence BP. For this reason, we investigated whether: 1) children with risk of elevated BP had a higher consumption frequency (CF) of energy-dense salty foods (EDSF), high-sugary foods (HSF) and SSB or a low DASH score; and 2) children with a higher CF of EDSF showed a worse anthropometric and metabolic profile. Anthropometry, BP and general biochemical parameters were measured in 687 Spanish children (5-16 years) with normal or excess weight. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate EDSF, HSF and SSB consumption, and modified DASH score. Results showed that sex and pubertal stage influenced modified DASH score. Diastolic hypertension was associated to higher CF of EDSF in the whole sample and to higher CF of SSB in pubertal children, both independently of nutritional status. In addition, CF of EDSF was positively associated with CF of HSF and SSB and inversely associated with modified DASH score. Targeted policies and intervention programs, specific for different age ranges, should be established that aim to reduce salt consumption from snacks and processed foods, which could reduce HSF and SSB consumption as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Pérez-Gimeno
- GENUD Research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.P.-G.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Azahara I. Rupérez
- GENUD Research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.P.-G.); (A.I.R.)
| | - Rocío Vázquez-Cobela
- Investigation Unit in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia GI Pediatric Nutrition-Santiago Health Research Institute (IDIS), Pediatrics Department, Universitary Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Herráiz-Gastesi
- Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Gil-Campos
- Metabolic Pediatric and Investigation Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción M. Aguilera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD Research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.P.-G.); (A.I.R.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rosaura Leis Trabazo
- Investigation Unit in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia GI Pediatric Nutrition-Santiago Health Research Institute (IDIS), Pediatrics Department, Universitary Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-619-019-196
| | - Gloria Bueno-Lozano
- GENUD Research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (G.P.-G.); (A.I.R.)
- Investigation Unit in Nutrition, Growth and Human Development of Galicia GI Pediatric Nutrition-Santiago Health Research Institute (IDIS), Pediatrics Department, Universitary Clinical Hospital of Santiago, Santiago de Compostela University, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Unidad de Endocrinología Pediátrica, Hospital Clínico Lozano Blesa, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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17
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Suhett LG, Hermsdorff HHM, Cota BC, Ribeiro SAV, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Franceschini SDCC, de Novaes JF. Dietary inflammatory potential, cardiometabolic risk and inflammation in children and adolescents: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:407-416. [PMID: 32156146 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1734911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®) is a tool developed for quantifying the dietary inflammatory potential of individuals' diets, with the goal of assessing the effect of diet-associated inflammation on health outcomes. With most studies focusing on adults, little is known about the consequences for health of a more proinflammatory diet early in life. Hence, this study analyzed the available evidence on the association between the DII or the children's C-DII (C-DIITM) and cardiometabolic risk and inflammatory biomarkers in children and adolescents. This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was performed at the LILACS, ScienceDirect, Cochrane and PubMed databases, without any restriction regarding the dates of the publications. A total of six observational studies qualified; including three cross-sectional and three longitudinal studies focused on children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age representing both sexes. All papers found a positive association between the DII or C-DII with cardiometabolic markers. These included adiposity (i.e., BMI, waist and hip circumference, waist-to-height ratio and fat mass index), and/or to inflammatory biomarkers (interleukins 1, 2 and 6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon gamma, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1). In conclusion, findings currently available in the literature indicate that a proinflammatory diet is associated with a higher risk of early development of cardiometabolic and inflammatory changes during childhood. Also, the findings show the applicability of the DII and C-DII in epidemiological studies and underscore the need for strategies to encourage healthy, anti-inflammatory diets to prevent chronical illnesses. Systematic Review Registration Number (PROSPERO: CRD42019123939).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gomes Suhett
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Bruna Clemente Cota
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Nitin Shivappa
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - James R Hébert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program (CPCP), Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | | | - Juliana Farias de Novaes
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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18
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Cortese S, Angriman M, Comencini E, Vincenzi B, Maffeis C. Association between inflammatory cytokines and ADHD symptoms in children and adolescents with obesity: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 278:7-11. [PMID: 31129493 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Whilst the association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and obesity is supported by meta-analytic evidence, the mechanisms underpinning this link need to be further elucidated. Inflammatory processes may increase the risk of ADHD symptoms in individuals with obesity. This pilot study set out to start testing this hypothesis by assessing the correlation between serum levels of inflammatory cytokines and ADHD symptoms severity in a sample of children and adolescents with obesity. We measured ADHD symptoms severity in 52 children/adolescents with obesity (BMI > 95th centile) with the Conners questionnaire, revised, short version, parent (CPRS-R:S) and teacher (CTRS-R:S) versions. Additionally, a categorical diagnosis of ADHD was established using the Kiddie-SADS-PL. Serum levels of IL-6, Il-10, and TNF-alpha were also obtained. The prevalence of ADHD was 9.6%. We found a significant correlation between IL-6, as well as TNF-alpha, and hyperactivity/impulsivity subscores of the CPRS-R:S and CTRS-R:S, that held even after controlling for BMI and oppositional symptoms. This study provides a rationale for larger, longitudinal studies to gain insight into inflammatory processes underpinning the link between obesity and ADHD. This line of research has the potential to lead to novel, pathophysiologically-based management strategies for individuals with obesity and ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, and Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton SO171BJ, UK; New York University Child Study Center, New York, NY 10016, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
| | - Marco Angriman
- Child Neurology and Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Bolzano, 39100, Italy
| | | | - Brenda Vincenzi
- Klinik für Kinder und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Psychiatrische Universitätsklinik, Zürich 8032 Switzerland
| | - Claudio Maffeis
- Pediatric Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders Unit, University Hospital, University of Verona, Verona 37128 Italy.
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19
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Harris CP, von Berg A, Berdel D, Bauer CP, Schikowski T, Koletzko S, Heinrich J, Schulz H, Standl M. Dietary saturated fat and low-grade inflammation modified by accelerometer-measured physical activity in adolescence: results from the GINIplus and LISA birth cohorts. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:818. [PMID: 31238900 PMCID: PMC6593603 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Saturated fatty acids (SFA) have been reported to promote inflammation. Nevertheless, evidence linking dietary SFA and low-grade inflammation in adolescents is scarce and inconsistent. The modulatory role of physical activity (PA) on fat metabolism and inflammation may provide a potential explanation. Thus, we assessed the association of dietary SFA with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), a marker of low-grade inflammation, in 15-year-olds, and evaluated possible interactions between dietary SFA and different levels of PA. METHODS Children participating in the 15-year follow-ups of the GINIplus and LISA German birth cohort studies were included (N = 824). SFA intake was estimated by means of a food frequency questionnaire and PA recorded by accelerometers. Average daily minutes of PA were classified into "sedentary", "light" and "moderate-to-vigorous" (MVPA), using Freedson's cut-offs. HsCRP concentrations were measured in serum and categorized into 3 sex-specific levels (below detection limit (I), above 75th percentile (III), in between (II)). Sex-stratified cross-sectional associations between SFA and hsCRP were assessed using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Interaction terms were included between SFA and the different PA levels; and if significant interactions were observed, analyses stratified by tertiles of the relevant PA levels were performed. Relative risk ratios (RRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were presented for a 1% increase in SFA. RESULTS An inverse association was observed between SFA intake and hsCRP (II vs. I) in males (RRR = 0.85 [95%CI = 0.76;0.96], p = 0.008), whereas no significant association was observed in females. A significant interaction was observed with "sedentary" and "light" PA but not with MVPA in both sexes (p < 0.05). Stratified analyses indicated a significant inverse association between SFA and medium hsCRP levels in males in the highest light PA tertile (hsCRP II vs. I: 0.67 [0.517;0.858], p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Our findings do not support a detrimental role of dietary SFA in low-grade inflammation among adolescents. In males, higher dietary SFA was associated with lower hsCRP, although this should be interpreted in the context of possibly correlated nutrients. Children spending the most time in light PA drove the observed inverse association, suggesting a synergistic effect of SFA and lifestyle PA in the resultant inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla P. Harris
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea von Berg
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Berdel
- Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Marien-Hospital Wesel, Wesel, Germany
| | - Carl-Peter Bauer
- Department of Pediatrics, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tamara Schikowski
- IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine (IUF), Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sibylle Koletzko
- Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Allergy and Lung Health Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), German Center for Lung Research, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Epidemiology – German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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20
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Bea JW, Funk J, Hetherington-Rauth M, Wertheim BC, Mosquiera L, Thuraisingam R, Lee V, Blew R, Lohman T, Roe DJ, Going S. Anthropometry Versus Imaging for Prediction of Inflammation Among Hispanic Girls. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1594-1602. [PMID: 30277029 PMCID: PMC6171347 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare total and regional estimates of body composition, by direct and indirect techniques, for the optimal prediction of C-reactive protein (CRP) among young (aged 9-12 years) Hispanic girls (N = 232). METHODS Standard anthropometric techniques were used to measure height, weight, and waist circumference. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) assessed body composition. Fasting serum CRP was measured by the AU5812 Clinical Chemistry Analyzer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, California). Associations between each total and regional body composition parameter and CRP were tested using linear regression (log-transformed, continuous CRP) and ordinal logistic regression (CRP < 1.0, ≥ 1.0-2.9, and ≥ 3.0 mg/L), controlling for maturation, dietary energy, physical activity, and medications. RESULTS All measures of total and regional body fat were positively associated with CRP (P < 0.0001) except for intermuscular fat by pQCT. There were no clinically relevant differences in their association with CRP between anthropometric (BMI; waist circumference) and DXA-derived (total fat and regional fat: trunk, gynoid, android fat, leg) measures of fat. CONCLUSIONS Measurement of body habitus in Hispanic girls, by multiple commonly available means, predicts CRP equally well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer W. Bea
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Janet Funk
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Lucia Mosquiera
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | | | - Vinson Lee
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert Blew
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Timothy Lohman
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Denise J. Roe
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Scott Going
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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21
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Dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors among adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:859-879. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis study systematised and synthesised the results of observational studies that were aimed at supporting the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk (CMR) factors among adolescents. Relevant scientific articles were searched in PUBMED, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, LILACS, WEB OF SCIENCE and SCOPUS. Observational studies that included the measurement of any CMR factor in healthy adolescents and dietary patterns were included. The search strategy retained nineteen articles for qualitative analysis. Among retained articles, the effects of dietary pattern on the means of BMI (n 18), waist circumference (WC) (n 9), systolic blood pressure (n 7), diastolic blood pressure (n 6), blood glucose (n 5) and lipid profile (n 5) were examined. Systematised evidence showed that an unhealthy dietary pattern appears to be associated with poor mean values of CMR factors among adolescents. However, evidence of a protective effect of healthier dietary patterns in this group remains unclear. Considering the number of studies with available information, a meta-analysis of anthropometric measures showed that dietary patterns characterised by the highest intake of unhealthy foods resulted in a higher mean BMI (0·57 kg/m²; 95 % CI 0·51, 0·63) and WC (0·57 cm; 95 % CI 0·47, 0·67) compared with low intake of unhealthy foods. Controversially, patterns characterised by a low intake of healthy foods were associated with a lower mean BMI (−0·41 kg/m²; 95 % CI −0·46,−0·36) and WC (−0·43 cm; 95 % CI −0·52,−0·33). An unhealthy dietary pattern may influence markers of CMR among adolescents, but considering the small number and limitations of the studies included, further studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence of this relation.
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22
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Dietary Pattern and Macronutrients Profile on the Variation of Inflammatory Biomarkers: Scientific Update. Cardiol Res Pract 2018; 2018:4762575. [PMID: 29725543 PMCID: PMC5872610 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4762575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that the dietary pattern and macronutrients profile may influence the expression and secretion of inflammatory biomarkers, and the low-grade inflammation is associated with the manifestation of noncommunicable chronic diseases. Therefore, this review aimed to present and discuss the role of dietary patterns and macronutrients on the variation of inflammatory markers related to NCD risk. Scientific evidences within the last five years based on clinical trials, case-controls, cohorts, and cross-sectional studies indicate that normocaloric, carbohydrate-moderated, low-glycemic index, protein-moderated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid-rich, omega-3, and low-saturated fat diets display positive effects on the inflammatory state, both in healthy individuals and in those with cardiovascular risk, although the second group seems to benefit more from changes in the dietary profile.
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23
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Almeida-de-Souza J, Santos R, Barros R, Abreu S, Moreira C, Lopes L, Mota J, Moreira P. Dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory biomarkers in adolescents from LabMed physical activity study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 72:710-719. [DOI: 10.1038/s41430-017-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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24
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Association between dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review. JORNAL DE PEDIATRIA (VERSÃO EM PORTUGUÊS) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedp.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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25
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Rocha NP, Milagres LC, Longo GZ, Ribeiro AQ, Novaes JFD. Association between dietary pattern and cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2017; 93:214-222. [PMID: 28238682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents. DATA SOURCE This article followed the recommendations of PRISMA, which aims to guide review publications in the health area. The article search strategy included searches in the electronic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, and LILACS. There was no date limitation for publications. The descriptors were used in English according to MeSH and in Portuguese according to DeCS. Only articles on dietary patterns extracted by the a posteriori methodology were included. The question to be answered was: how much can an "unhealthy" dietary pattern influence biochemical and inflammatory markers in this population? DATA SYNTHESIS The studies showed an association between dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations. The patterns were characterized as unhealthy when associated to the consumption of ultraprocessed products, poor in fiber and rich in sodium, fat, and refined carbohydrates. Despite the associations, in several studies, the strength of this association for some risk markers was reduced or lost after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION There was a positive association between "unhealthy" dietary patterns and cardiometabolic alterations in children and adolescents. Some unconfirmed associations may be related to the difficulty of assessing food consumption. Nevertheless, studies involving dietary patterns and their association with risk factors should be performed in children and adolescents, aiming at interventions and early changes in dietary habits considered to be inadequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naruna Pereira Rocha
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
| | - Luana Cupertino Milagres
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Nutrição, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Giana Zarbato Longo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Departamento de Nutrição e Saúde, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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26
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Navarro P, de Dios O, Jois A, Gavela-Pérez T, Gorgojo L, Martín-Moreno JM, Soriano-Guillen L, Garcés C. Vegetable and Fruit Intakes Are Associated with hs-CRP Levels in Pre-Pubertal Girls. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030224. [PMID: 28257085 PMCID: PMC5372887 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of diet on inflammation in children remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the influence of diet on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in a pre-pubertal population free of other influences that may affect hs-CRP levels. We determined hs-CRP levels in 571 six- to eight-year-old children using an hs-CRP ELISA kit. Information on food and nutrient intake was obtained through a food-frequency questionnaire. Overall dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). We found that girls in the highest tertile of hs-CRP levels had a higher intake of saturated fatty acid, and lower intakes of fiber and vitamin E and a lower HEI score when compared to those in tertiles 1 and 2. We also observed a significant decrease in fruit and vegetable intakes by hs-CRP tertile. Factor analysis showed that a dietary pattern that was loaded most strongly with vegetable, fruit, fiber and vitamin A and E intakes correlated negatively (−0.132, p < 0.05) with hs-CRP. No such association was found in boys. In conclusion, our data show that girls with a poorer quality diet show higher hs-CRP levels already at a pre-pubertal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Navarro
- Lipid Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Olaya de Dios
- Lipid Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Asha Jois
- Lipid Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa Gavela-Pérez
- Lipid Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Lydia Gorgojo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and INCLIVA-Clinical Hospital, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - José M Martín-Moreno
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health and INCLIVA-Clinical Hospital, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillen
- Lipid Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, UAM, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Jung J, Lee M. Effects of interaction betweenSLC12A3polymorphism, salt-sensitive gene, and sodium intake on risk of child obesity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4163/jnh.2017.50.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joohyun Jung
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
| | - Myoungsook Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
- Research Institute of obesity Sciences, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul 01133, Korea
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28
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Caminiti C, Armeno M, Mazza CS. Waist-to-height ratio as a marker of low-grade inflammation in obese children and adolescents. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:543-51. [PMID: 26887032 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2014-0526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidemic of childhood obesity is associated with early atherosclerosis. Several reports have related this event to low-grade inflammation described in obesity. CRP and IL6 are markers that correlate with adiposity. The waist-to-height ratio (WtHR) is an anthropometric marker associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between WtHR, metabolic complications and pro-inflammatory factors in obese children and adolescents. METHODS Weight, height, waist circumference, glycemia, insulin, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 were measured in the baseline sample in 280 patients 6-19 years of age with overweight or obesity (OW/OB) and 112 normal-weight controls. Logistic regression was performed using WtHR as an independent variable. p>0.05 STATA11. RESULTS Mean WtHR was 0.6±0.06 in OW/OB and 0.43±0.02 in controls (p<0.01). WtHR was increased in 93% of the OW/OB vs. 2% of the controls. In the OW/OB inflammatory markers were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to the controls (CRP 2.2 vs. 0.8; Il-6 2.9 vs. 2.1; and TNF-α 6.2 vs. 5.5). In the WtHR>0.5, insulin resistence and inflammatory markers were significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to the WtHR<0.5 (HOMA 3.4 vs. 1.4; CRP 2.3 vs. 0.6; Il-6 2.9 vs. 2.1; and TNF-α 6.4 vs. 5.55). In logistic regression, a significant independent association was found between WtHR with CRP (OR1.47), IL6 (OR1.60) and TNF-α (OR1.79). CONCLUSIONS Obese children and adolescents have high inflammatory markers that may increase cardiovascular risk. WtHR is associated with low-grade inflammation and may be considered a relevant anthropometric marker in the clinical practice.
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29
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Cayres SU, de Lira FS, Machado-Rodrigues AM, Freitas Júnior IF, Barbosa MF, Fernandes RA. The mediating role of physical inactivity on the relationship between inflammation and artery thickness in prepubertal adolescents. J Pediatr 2015; 166:924-9. [PMID: 25661410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the relationship between inflammatory markers and the lipid profile, blood flow, and artery structure in prepubertal adolescents stratified according to sports practice. STUDY DESIGN The sample was composed of 120 adolescents (57 boys and 63 girls) with a mean age of 11.7 ± 0.7 years (ranging from 11 to 13 years). Intima-media thickness (IMT) and blood flow were measured with ultrasonography. The lipid profile and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured after the subjects had fasted for 12 hours overnight. Trunk fatness was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Organized sports participation was analyzed as a categorical variable. Biological maturation was determined via the age at peak height velocity. RESULTS In the adjusted model, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was significantly related to high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β = -5.797 [-11.500 to -0.093]), femoral IMT (β = 0.062 [0.008-0.116]), and the sum of femoral and carotid IMT (β = 1.107 [0.223-1.919]), but only in the group without sports participation. Slopes of the crude linear regression were greater in the group without sports participation for femoral IMT (t = 2.621; P = .009) and the sum of femoral and carotid IMT (t = 2.876; P = .004) when compared with the group with sports participation. CONCLUSION Independent of body fatness and biological maturation, inflammatory status was related to artery IMT and dyslipidemia in prepubertal adolescents, modulated by sport participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suziane Ungari Cayres
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil; Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Santos de Lira
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil; Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ismael Forte Freitas Júnior
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil; Immunometabolism Research Group, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- Post-Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Rio Claro, Brazil; Laboratory of Investigation in Exercise - LIVE, Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ipsen DH, Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency promote fatty liver disease development? Nutrients 2014; 6:5473-99. [PMID: 25533004 PMCID: PMC4276979 DOI: 10.3390/nu6125473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and the subsequent reprogramming of the white adipose tissue are linked to human disease-complexes including metabolic syndrome and concurrent non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The dietary imposed dyslipidemia promotes redox imbalance by the generation of excess levels of reactive oxygen species and induces adipocyte dysfunction and reprogramming, leading to a low grade systemic inflammation and ectopic lipid deposition, e.g., in the liver, hereby promoting a vicious circle in which dietary factors initiate a metabolic change that further exacerbates the negative consequences of an adverse life-style. Large epidemiological studies and findings from controlled in vivo animal studies have provided evidence supporting an association between poor vitamin C (VitC) status and propagation of life-style associated diseases. In addition, overweight per se has been shown to result in reduced plasma VitC, and the distribution of body fat in obesity has been shown to have an inverse relationship with VitC plasma levels. Recently, a number of epidemiological studies have indicated a VitC intake below the recommended daily allowance (RDA) in NAFLD-patients, suggesting an association between dietary habits, disease and VitC deficiency. In the general population, VitC deficiency (defined as a plasma concentration below 23 μM) affects around 10% of adults, however, this prevalence is increased by an adverse life-style, deficiency potentially playing a broader role in disease progression in specific subgroups. This review discusses the currently available data from human surveys and experimental models in search of a putative role of VitC deficiency in the development of NAFLD and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Højland Ipsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Ridebanevej 9, Frederiksberg C, 1870 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To update findings supporting the opinion that commonly occurring subclinical magnesium deficiency induced by a low dietary intake is a predisposing factor for chronic inflammatory stress that contributes to the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS Both deficient magnesium intakes (<250 mg/day) and serum magnesium concentrations (≤ 0.75 mmol/l) have been associated with elevated serum C-reactive protein concentration, a widely used indicator of inflammation. Achieving magnesium intakes or serum magnesium concentrations that indicate an adequate magnesium status generally attenuates elevated serum C-reactive protein to concentrations that are not indicative of chronic low-grade inflammation. Individuals that are obese or have chronic diseases for which low-grade inflammation is a risk factor are commonly found to be magnesium-deficient. SUMMARY Subclinical magnesium deficiency caused by low dietary intake often occurring in the population is a predisposing factor for chronic inflammatory stress that is conducive for chronic disease. Magnesium deficiency should be considered a nutrient of significant concern for health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Forrest H Nielsen
- Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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