1
|
Pantazi P, Clements T, Parsons HT, Kaforou M, Heesom KJ, Bennett PR, Guller S, Abrahams VM, Holder B. Quantitative proteomics reveals differential extracellular vesicle cargo from M1 and M2 monocyte-derived human macrophages. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.17.613483. [PMID: 39345606 PMCID: PMC11430077 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.17.613483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication by carrying molecular cargo that facilitate diverse physiological processes. Macrophages, playing central roles in immune responses, release EVs that modulate various cellular functions. Given the distinct roles of M1 and M2 macrophage states, understanding the proteomic profiles of their EVs is important for elucidation of EV-mediated signalling and identifying potential biomarkers for diseases involving macrophage polarisation. We employed quantitative proteomics combined with bioinformatics to characterise the proteomic profile of EVs released by M1 and M2 monocyte-derived macrophages. We identified 1,731 proteins in M1/M2 EVs, 132 of which were significantly differentially between M1 and M2. Proteomic data, together with pathway analysis, found that M1/M2 macrophage EV cargo relate to cellular source, and may play roles in shaping immune responses, with M1 EV cargo associated with promotion of pro-inflammatory and antiviral functions, while M2 EV cargo associated with immune regulation and tissue repair. M1 EV cargo was associated with cytokine/chemokine signalling pathways, DNA damage, methylation, and oxidative stress. M2 EV cargo were associated with macrophage alternative-activation signalling pathways, antigen presentation, and lipid metabolism. We also report that macrophage EVs carry metallothioneins, and other related proteins involved in response to metals and oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paschalia Pantazi
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Toby Clements
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Harriet T Parsons
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Myrsini Kaforou
- Section of Paediatric Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, W2 1NY, UK
| | - Kate J Heesom
- University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Phillip R Bennett
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Seth Guller
- University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Vikki M Abrahams
- University of Bristol Proteomics Facility, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Beth Holder
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Department of Metabolism, Digestion, and Reproduction, Imperial College London, W12 0HS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Totoń-Żurańska J, Mikolajczyk TP, Saju B, Guzik TJ. Vascular remodelling in cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, oxidation, and inflammation. Clin Sci (Lond) 2024; 138:817-850. [PMID: 38920058 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Optimal vascular structure and function are essential for maintaining the physiological functions of the cardiovascular system. Vascular remodelling involves changes in vessel structure, including its size, shape, cellular and molecular composition. These changes result from multiple risk factors and may be compensatory adaptations to sustain blood vessel function. They occur in diverse cardiovascular pathologies, from hypertension to heart failure and atherosclerosis. Dynamic changes in the endothelium, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, pericytes or other vascular wall cells underlie remodelling. In addition, immune cells, including macrophages and lymphocytes, may infiltrate vessels and initiate inflammatory signalling. They contribute to a dynamic interplay between cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, inflammation, and extracellular matrix reorganisation, all critical mechanisms of vascular remodelling. Molecular pathways underlying these processes include growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α), reactive oxygen species, and signalling pathways, such as Rho/ROCK, MAPK, and TGF-β/Smad, related to nitric oxide and superoxide biology. MicroRNAs and long noncoding RNAs are crucial epigenetic regulators of gene expression in vascular remodelling. We evaluate these pathways for potential therapeutic targeting from a clinical translational perspective. In summary, vascular remodelling, a coordinated modification of vascular structure and function, is crucial in cardiovascular disease pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Totoń-Żurańska
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz P Mikolajczyk
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Blessy Saju
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| | - Tomasz J Guzik
- Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zablon F, Desai P, Dellinger K, Aravamudhan S. Cellular and Exosomal MicroRNAs: Emerging Clinical Relevance as Targets for Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Prognosis. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300532. [PMID: 38258348 PMCID: PMC11198028 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer accounts for the highest cancer cases globally, with 12% of occurrences progressing to metastatic breast cancer with a low survival rate and limited effective early intervention strategies augmented by late diagnosis. Moreover, a low concentration of prognostic and predictive markers hinders disease monitoring. Circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently shown a considerable interplay in breast cancer, standing out as effective diagnostic and prognostic markers. The primary functions are as gene regulatory agents at the genetic and epigenetic levels. An array of dysregulated miRNAs stimulates cancer-promoting mechanisms, activating oncogenes and controlling tumor-suppressing genes and mechanisms. Exosomes are vastly studied extracellular vesicles, carrying, and transporting cargo, including noncoding RNAs with premier roles in oncogenesis. Translocation of miRNAs from the circulation to exosomes, with RNA-binding proteins in stress-induced conditions, has shown significant cooperation in function to promote breast cancer. This review examines cellular and exosomal miRNA biogenesis and loading, the clinical implications of their dysregulation, their function in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of breast cancer, and in regulating cancer signaling pathways. The influence of cellular and exosomal miRNAs presents clinical significance on breast cancer diagnosis, subtyping, staging, prediction, and disease monitoring during treatment, hence a potent marker for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faith Zablon
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A & T State University, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| | - Parth Desai
- University of North Carolina, Greensboro, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| | - Kristen Dellinger
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A & T State University, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| | - Shyam Aravamudhan
- Joint School of Nanoscience and Nanoengineering, North Carolina, A & T State University, 2904 E. Gate City Blvd, Greensboro, NC-27401
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song Y, Hu J, Ma C, Liu H, Li Z, Yang Y. Macrophage-Derived Exosomes as Advanced Therapeutics for Inflammation: Current Progress and Future Perspectives. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1597-1627. [PMID: 38406601 PMCID: PMC10888065 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s449388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of numerous diseases is significantly influenced by inflammation. Macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos) play a role in controlling inflammatory reactions in various conditions, including chronic inflammatory pain, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the specific targets and roles of M-Exos in regulating inflammation in diseases remain largely unknown. This review summarizes current knowledge on M-Exos biogenesis and provides updated information on M-Exos' biological function in inflammation modulation. Furthermore, this review highlights the functionalization and engineering strategies of M-Exos, while providing an overview of cutting-edge approaches to engineering M-Exos and advancements in their application as therapeutics for inflammation modulation. Finally, multiple engineering strategies and mechanisms are presented in this review along with their perspectives and challenges, and the potential contribution that M-Exos may have in diseases through the modulation of inflammation is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjuan Song
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Wuhan Children’s Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunlian Ma
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Liu
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanghua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Fitness Monitoring and Chronic Disease Intervention Research Center, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Miron RJ, Zhang Y. Understanding exosomes: Part 1-Characterization, quantification and isolation techniques. Periodontol 2000 2024; 94:231-256. [PMID: 37740431 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with a diameter in the range of 30-150 nm. Their use has gained great momentum recently due to their ability to be utilized as diagnostic tools with a vast array of therapeutic applications. Over 5000 publications are currently being published yearly on this topic, and this number is only expected to dramatically increase as novel therapeutic strategies continue to be investigated. This review article first focuses on understanding exosomes, including their cellular origin, biogenesis, function, and characterization. Thereafter, overviews of the quantification methods and isolation techniques are given with discussion over their potential use as novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Miron
- Department of Periodontology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Department of Oral Implantology, University of Wuhan, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sansonetti M, Al Soodi B, Thum T, Jung M. Macrophage-based therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. Basic Res Cardiol 2024; 119:1-33. [PMID: 38170281 PMCID: PMC10837257 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite the advances in treatment options, cardiovascular disease (CVDs) remains the leading cause of death over the world. Chronic inflammatory response and irreversible fibrosis are the main underlying pathophysiological causes of progression of CVDs. In recent decades, cardiac macrophages have been recognized as main regulatory players in the development of these complex pathophysiological conditions. Numerous approaches aimed at macrophages have been devised, leading to novel prospects for therapeutic interventions. Our review covers the advancements in macrophage-centric treatment plans for various pathologic conditions and examines the potential consequences and obstacles of employing macrophage-targeted techniques in cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marida Sansonetti
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bashar Al Soodi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- REBIRTH-Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Mira Jung
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang R, Li M, Li H, Ran X, Jin F, Tan Q, Chen Z. Immune Cell-Derived Exosomes in Inflammatory Disease and Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment: A Review. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:301-312. [PMID: 38250144 PMCID: PMC10800116 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s421649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a common feature of many inflammatory diseases and tumors, and plays a decisive role in their development. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles unleashed by assorted types of cells, and it is widely known that exosomes of different immune cell sources play different functions. Exosome production has recently been reported for immune cells comprising macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Immune cell-derived exosomes are involved in a variety of inflammatory responses.Herein, we summarize and review the role of macrophages, T cells, B cells, and dendritic cells (DC) in inflammatory diseases, with a focus on the role of immune cell-derived exosomes in osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and the inflammatory tumor microenvironment (TME).These findings are expected to be important for developing new treatments for inflammatory diseases and ameliorating tumor-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Runmin Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Muzhe Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiyun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xun Ran
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengtian Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu C, Pan L, Zhou F, Mao R, Hong Y, Wan R, Li X, Jin L, Zou H, Zhang H, Chen QM, Li S. Urocortin2 attenuates diabetic coronary microvascular dysfunction by regulating macrophage extracellular vesicles. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 219:115976. [PMID: 38081372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic patients develop coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and exhibit high mortality of coronary artery disease. Methylglyoxal (MGO) largely accumulates in the circulation due to diabetes. We addressed whether macrophages exposed to MGO exhibited damaging effect on the coronary artery and whether urocortin2 (UCN2) serve as protecting factors against such diabetes-associated complication. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high-fat diet and a single low-dose streptozotocin in mice. Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) derived from MGO-treated macrophages (MGO-sEV) were used to produce diabetes-like CMD. UCN2 was examined for a protective role against CMD. The involvement of arginase1 and IL-33 was tested by pharmacological inhibitor and IL-33-/- mice. MGO-sEV was capable of causing coronary artery endothelial dysfunction similar to that by diabetes. Immunocytochemistry studies of diabetic coronary arteries supported the transfer of arginase1 from macrophages to endothelial cells. Mechanism studies revealed arginase1 contributed to the impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries in diabetic and MGO-sEV-treated mice. UCN2 significantly improved coronary artery endothelial function, and prevented MGO elevation in diabetic mice or enrichment of arginase1 in MGO-sEV. Diabetes caused a reduction of IL-33, which was also reversed by UCN2. IL-33-/- mice showed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation of coronary arteries, which can be mitigated by arginase1 inhibition but can't be improved by UCN2 anymore, indicating the importance of restoring IL-33 for the protection against diabetic CMD by UCN2. Our data suggest that MGO-sEV induces CMD via shuttling arginase1 to coronary arteries. UCN2 is able to protect against diabetic CMD via modulating MGO-altered macrophage sEV cargoes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| | - Lihua Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Feier Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rongchen Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yali Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Rong Wan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Lai Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Huayiyang Zou
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qin M Chen
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Shengnan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yan Z, Zhang T, Wang Y, Xiao S, Gao J. Extracellular vesicle biopotentiated hydrogels for diabetic wound healing: The art of living nanomaterials combined with soft scaffolds. Mater Today Bio 2023; 23:100810. [PMID: 37810755 PMCID: PMC10550777 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic wounds (DWs) pose a major challenge for the public health system owing to their high incidence, complex pathogenesis, and long recovery time; thus, there is an urgent need to develop innovative therapies to accelerate the healing process of diabetic wounds. As natural nanovesicles, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are rich in sources with low immunogenicity and abundant nutritive molecules and exert potent therapeutic effects on diabetic wound healing. To avoid the rapid removal of EVs, a suitable delivery system is required for their controlled release. Owing to the advantages of high porosity, good biocompatibility, and adjustable physical and chemical properties of hydrogels, EV biopotentiated hydrogels can aid in achieving precise and favorable therapy against diabetic wounds. This review highlights the different design strategies, therapeutic effects, and mechanisms of EV biopotentiated hydrogels. We also discussed the future challenges and opportunities of using EV biopotentiated hydrogels for diabetic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Yan
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tinglin Zhang
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Department of Burn Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gao
- Changhai Clinical Research Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Garcia NA, Mellergaard M, Gonzalez-King H, Salomon C, Handberg A. Comprehensive Strategy for Identifying Extracellular Vesicle Surface Proteins as Biomarkers for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13326. [PMID: 37686134 PMCID: PMC10487973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder that has become a global health concern due to its increasing prevalence. There is a need for reliable biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of NAFLD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising candidates in biomarker discovery, as they carry proteins that reflect the pathophysiological state of the liver. In this review, we developed a list of EV proteins that could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for NAFLD. We employed a multi-step strategy that involved reviewing and comparing various sources of information. Firstly, we reviewed papers that have studied EVs proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD and papers that have studied circulating proteins as biomarkers in NAFLD. To further identify potential candidates, we utilized the EV database Vesiclepedia.org to qualify each protein. Finally, we consulted the Human Protein Atlas to search for candidates' localization, focusing on membrane proteins. By integrating these sources of information, we developed a comprehensive list of potential EVs membrane protein biomarkers that could aid in diagnosing and monitoring NAFLD. In conclusion, our multi-step strategy for identifying EV-based protein biomarkers for NAFLD provides a comprehensive approach that can also be applied to other diseases. The protein candidates identified through this approach could have significant implications for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tests for NAFLD and improve the management and treatment of this prevalent liver disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maiken Mellergaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Hernan Gonzalez-King
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Aase Handberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ren Y, Zhang H. Emerging role of exosomes in vascular diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1090909. [PMID: 36937921 PMCID: PMC10017462 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1090909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are biological small spherical lipid bilayer vesicles secreted by most cells in the body. Their contents include nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes can transfer material molecules between cells and consequently have a variety of biological functions, participating in disease development while exhibiting potential value as biomarkers and therapeutics. Growing evidence suggests that exosomes are vital mediators of vascular remodeling. Endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammatory cells, and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) can communicate through exosomes; such communication is associated with inflammatory responses, cell migration and proliferation, and cell metabolism, leading to changes in vascular function and structure. Essential hypertension (EH), atherosclerosis (AS), and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are the most common vascular diseases and are associated with significant vascular remodeling. This paper reviews the latest research progress on the involvement of exosomes in vascular remodeling through intercellular information exchange and provides new ideas for understanding related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Microcirculation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Escherichia coli-Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles Relay Inflammatory Responses to Macrophage-Derived Exosomes. mBio 2023; 14:e0305122. [PMID: 36648227 PMCID: PMC9973271 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03051-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are considered to be an inflammatory factor in several acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. The present study shows that exosomes from macrophages (Mφ) infected with live Escherichia coli induced secretion of proinflammatory factors by uninfected Mφ. Inflammatory responses induced by exosomes derived from Mφ infected with heat-inactivated E. coli or lipopolysaccharide were significantly weaker than those elicited by outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) released from live E. coli. Proteome analysis of exosomes from Mφ infected with live or heat-inactivated E. coli revealed that E. coli proteins OmpA, GroL1, DegP, CirA, and FepA are candidate triggers of exosome-mediated inflammatory responses. OMVs from a cirA-deleted strain suppressed exosome-mediated inflammatory responses by uninfected Mφ. The C terminus of the CirA protein (residues 158 to 633), which was relayed from E. coli-derived OMV to Mφ-derived exosomes, promoted exosome-mediated inflammatory responses by uninfected Mφ. These results suggest an alternative mechanism by which extracellular vesicles from E. coli OMV-elicited Mφ transmit proinflammatory responses to uninfected Mφ. IMPORTANCE Recently, extracellular membrane vesicles (EVs) were regarded as drivers that carry cargo such as proteins, lipids, metabolites, RNA, and DNA for intracellular signaling transduction. Mammalian cells release various types of EVs, including microvesicles shed from the plasma membrane, exosomes from endosomes, apoptotic bodies, and others. EVs have been reported to mediate inflammatory signals between mammalian cells. In addition, bacteria are also known to release EVs to carry various bacterial factors. In this study, we show that bacterial EVs lead host mammalian cells to release stimulatory EVs that enhance inflammatory responses. Our results provide a novel example that bacterial EVs transduce biological signals to mammalian EVs.
Collapse
|
13
|
Palakurti R, Biswas N, Roy S, Gnyawali SC, Sinha M, Singh K, Ghatak S, Sen CK, Khanna S. Inducible miR-1224 silences cerebrovascular Serpine1 and restores blood flow to the stroke-affected site of the brain. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2023; 31:276-292. [PMID: 36726407 PMCID: PMC9868883 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The α-tocotrienol (TCT) form of natural vitamin E is more potent than the better known α-tocopherol against stroke. Angiographic studies of canine stroke have revealed beneficial cerebrovascular effects of TCT. This work seeks to understand the molecular basis of such effect. In mice, TCT supplementation improved perfusion at the stroke-affected site by inducing miR-1224. miRNA profiling of a laser-capture-microdissected stroke-affected brain site identified miR-1224 as the only vascular miR induced. Lentiviral knockdown of miR-1224 significantly blunted the otherwise beneficial effects of TCT on stroke outcomes. Studies on primary brain microvascular endothelial cells revealed direct angiogenic properties of miR-1224. In mice not treated with TCT, advance stereotaxic delivery of an miR-1224 mimic to the stroke site markedly improved stroke outcomes. Mechanistic studies identified Serpine1 as a target of miR-1224. Downregulation of Serpine1 augmented the angiogenic response of the miR-1224 mimic in the brain endothelial cells. The inhibition of Serpine1, by dietary TCT and pharmacologically, increased cerebrovascular blood flow at the stroke-affected site and protected against stroke. This work assigns Serpine1, otherwise known to be of critical significance in stroke, a cerebrovascular function that worsens stroke outcomes. miR-1224-dependent inhibition of Serpine1 can be achieved by dietary TCT as well as by the small-molecule inhibitor TM5441.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravichand Palakurti
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nirupam Biswas
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sashwati Roy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Surya C. Gnyawali
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mithun Sinha
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Subhadip Ghatak
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chandan K. Sen
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Savita Khanna
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA,Corresponding author: Savita Khanna, PhD, Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yu P, Deng S, Yuan X, Pan J, Xu J. Extracellular Vesicles and Vascular Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:105-117. [PMID: 37603275 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Vascular inflammation is the most common pathological feature in the pathogenesis of human disease. It is a complex immune process involved with many different types of cells including platelet, monocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and others. It is widely accepted that both innate and adaptive immune responses are important for the initiation and progression of vascular inflammation. The cell-cell interaction constitutes an important aspect of those immune responses in the vascular inflammation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanometer-sized double-layer lipid membrane vesicles released from most types of cells. They have been proved to play critical roles in intercellular communication in the occurrence and development of multisystem diseases. With the advancement of basal medical science, the biological roles of EVs in vascular inflammation have been clearer today. In this chapter, we will summarize the advance progress of extracellular vesicles in regulating vascular inflammation and its potential application in the clinical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pujiao Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengqiong Deng
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiangqi Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahong Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Gongli Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cui J, Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, Liu Y. Analysis of the Research Hotspot of Exosomes in Cardiovascular Disease: A Bibliometric-based Literature Review. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:316-345. [PMID: 37779407 DOI: 10.2174/0115701611249727230920042944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and development trend of research on exosomes in cardiovascular disease (CVD) using bibliometric analysis and to elucidate trending research topics. METHODS Research articles on exosomes in CVD published up to April 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science database. Data were organized using Microsoft Office Excel 2019. CiteSpace 6.1 and VOSviewer 1.6.18 were used for bibliometric analysis and result visualization. RESULTS Overall, 256 original research publications containing 190 fundamental research publications and 66 clinical research publications were included. "Extracellular vesicle" was the most frequent research keyword, followed by "microrna," "apoptosis," and "angiogenesis." Most publications were from China (187, 73.05%), followed by the United States (57, 22.27%), the United Kingdom (7, 2.73%), and Japan (7, 2.73%). A systematic review of the publications revealed that myocardial infarction and stroke were the most popular topics and that exosomes and their contents, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), play positive roles in neuroprotection, inhibition of autophagy and apoptosis, promotion of angiogenesis, and protection of cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION Research on exosomes in CVD has attracted considerable attention, with China having the most published studies. Fundamental research has focused on CVD pathogenesis; exosomes regulate the progression of CVD through biological processes, such as the inflammatory response, autophagy, and apoptosis. Clinical research has focused on biomarkers for CVD; studies on using miRNAs in exosomes as disease markers for diagnosis could become a future trend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfei Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Second Department of Geriatrics, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tang H, Hu Y, Deng J. Extracellular Vesicles and Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:69-80. [PMID: 37603273 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension implicates multiple organs and systems, accounting for the majority of cardiovascular diseases and cardiac death worldwide. Extracellular vesicles derived from various types of cells could transfer a variety of substances such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids from cells to cells, playing essential roles in both physiological and pathological processes. Extracellular vesicles are demonstrated to be closely associated with the development of essential hypertension by mediating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and crosstalk between multiple vascular cells. Extracellular vesicles also participate in various kinds of pathogenesis of secondary hypertensions including acute kidney injury, renal parenchymal diseases, kidney transplantation, secretory diseases (primary aldosteronism, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, Cushing's syndrome), and obstructive sleep apnea. Extracellular vesicles have been proved to have the potential to be served as new biomarkers in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis assessment of hypertension. In the future, large multicenter cohorts are highly in demand for further verifying the sensitivity and specificity of extracellular vesicles as biomarkers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuxue Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiali Deng
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hadizadeh N, Bagheri D, Shamsara M, Hamblin MR, Farmany A, Xu M, Liang Z, Razi F, Hashemi E. Extracellular vesicles biogenesis, isolation, manipulation and genetic engineering for potential in vitro and in vivo therapeutics: An overview. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1019821. [PMID: 36406206 PMCID: PMC9672340 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1019821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The main goals of medicine consist of early detection and effective treatment of different diseases. In this regard, the rise of exosomes as carriers of natural biomarkers has recently attracted a lot of attention and managed to shed more light on the future of early disease diagnosis methods. Here, exosome biogenesis, its role as a biomarker in metabolic disorders, and recent advances in state-of-art technologies for exosome detection and isolation will be reviewed along with future research directions and challenges regarding the manipulation and genetic engineering of exosomes for potential in vitro and in vivo disease diagnosis approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Hadizadeh
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Diba Bagheri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shamsara
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Abbas Farmany
- Dental Research Centre and Dental Implant Research Centre, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mengdi Xu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuobin Liang
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular—Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hashemi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen, China
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular—Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Song T, Zhou M, Li W, Lv M, Zheng L, Zhao M. The anti-inflammatory effect of vasoactive peptides from soybean protein hydrolysates by mediating serum extracellular vesicles-derived miRNA-19b/CYLD/TRAF6 axis in the vascular microenvironment of SHRs. Food Res Int 2022; 160:111742. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
19
|
Rasaei R, Tyagi A, Rasaei S, Lee SJ, Yang SR, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S, Hong SH. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived macrophages and macrophage-derived exosomes: therapeutic potential in pulmonary fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:433. [PMID: 36056418 PMCID: PMC9438152 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a fatal chronic disease characterized by accumulation of extracellular matrix and thickening of the alveolar wall, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. PF is thought to be initiated by the dysfunction and aberrant activation of a variety of cell types in the lung. In particular, several studies have demonstrated that macrophages play a pivotal role in the development and progression of PF through secretion of inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and chemokines, suggesting that they could be an alternative therapeutic source as well as therapeutic target for PF. In this review, we describe the characteristics, functions, and origins of subsets of macrophages involved in PF and summarize current data on the generation and therapeutic application of macrophages derived from pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of fibrotic diseases. Additionally, we discuss the use of macrophage-derived exosomes to repair fibrotic lung tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roya Rasaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24431, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Shima Rasaei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Science, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Falavarjan, Iran
| | - Seung-Joon Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24431, South Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehakgil, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do, 24431, South Korea.
- Institute of Medical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, South Korea.
- KW-Bio Co., Ltd, Wonju, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Alahdal M, Elkord E. Promising use of immune cell-derived exosomes in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1026. [PMID: 35988156 PMCID: PMC9393056 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is persistently threatening the lives of thousands of individuals globally. It triggers pulmonary oedema, driving to dyspnoea and lung failure. Viral infectivity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a genuine challenge due to the mutagenic genome and mysterious immune-pathophysiology. Early reports highlighted that extracellular vesicles (exosomes, Exos) work to enhance COVID-19 progression by mediating viral transmission, replication and mutations. Furthermore, recent studies revealed that Exos derived from immune cells play an essential role in the promotion of immune cell exhaustion by transferring regulatory lncRNAs and miRNAs from exhausted cells to the active cells. Fortunately, there are great chances to modulate the immune functions of Exos towards a sustained repression of COVID-19. Engineered Exos hold promising immunotherapeutic opportunities for remodelling cytotoxic T cells' function. Immune cell-derived Exos may trigger a stable epigenetic repression of viral infectivity, restore functional cytokine-producing T cells and rebalance immune response in severe infections by inducing functional T regulatory cells (Tregs). This review introduces a view on the current outcomes of immunopathology, and immunotherapeutic applications of immune cell-derived Exos in COVID-19, besides new perspectives to develop novel patterns of engineered Exos triggering novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murad Alahdal
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
| | - Eyad Elkord
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman.,Biomedical Research Center, School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford, Manchester, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles secreted by cells in normal or pathological conditions for cell-cell communication. With immunomodulatory characteristics and potential therapeutic properties, immune-cell-derived exosomes play an important role in cancer therapy. They express various antigens on their surface, which can be employed for antigen presentation, immunological activation, and metabolic regulation, leading to the killing of cancerous cells. In addition, immune-cell-derived exosomes have received extensive attention as a drug delivery platform in effective antitumor therapy due to their excellent biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and high loading capacity. In this review, the biological and therapeutic characteristics of immune-cell-derived exosomes are comprehensively outlined. The antitumor mechanism of exosomes secreted by immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells, are systematically summarized. Moreover, the applications of immune-cell-derived exosomes as nanocarriers to transport antitumor agents (chemotherapeutic drugs, genes, proteins, etc.) are discussed. More importantly, the existing challenges of immune-cell-derived exosomes are pointed out, and their antitumor potentials are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| | - Tianqing Liu
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Mengjiao Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ye J, Liu X. Macrophage-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles in Multiple Diseases: Biogenesis, Function, and Therapeutic Applications. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:913110. [PMID: 35832790 PMCID: PMC9271994 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.913110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages (Mφs), as immune cells, play a pivotal role against pathogens and many diseases, such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, orthopedic diseases, and metabolic disorders. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have shown that small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) derived from Mφs (M-sEVs) play important roles in these diseases, suggesting that Mφs carry out their physiological functions through sEVs. This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying M-sEVs production via different forms of polarization and their biological functions in multiple diseases. In addition, the prospects of M-sEVs in disease diagnosis and treatment are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyao Ye
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- The Third School of Clinical Medicine of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xuehong Liu,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Hazrati A, Soudi S, Malekpour K, Mahmoudi M, Rahimi A, Hashemi SM, Varma RS. Immune cells-derived exosomes function as a double-edged sword: role in disease progression and their therapeutic applications. Biomark Res 2022; 10:30. [PMID: 35550636 PMCID: PMC9102350 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00374-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, ranging in size from 30 to 150 nm as identified initially via electron microscopy in 1946, are one of the extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by many cells and have been the subject of many studies; initially, they were considered as cell wastes with the belief that cells produced exosomes to maintain homeostasis. Nowadays, it has been found that EVs secreted by different cells play a vital role in cellular communication and are usually secreted in both physiological and pathological conditions. Due to the presence of different markers and ligands on the surface of exosomes, they have paracrine, endocrine and autocrine effects in some cases. Immune cells, like other cells, can secrete exosomes that interact with surrounding cells via these vesicles. Immune system cells-derived exosomes (IEXs) induce different responses, such as increasing and decreasing the transcription of various genes and regulating cytokine production. This review deliberate the function of innate and acquired immune cells derived exosomes, their role in the pathogenesis of immune diseases, and their therapeutic appliances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kosar Malekpour
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Rahimi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rajender S Varma
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lai JJ, Chau ZL, Chen S, Hill JJ, Korpany KV, Liang N, Lin L, Lin Y, Liu JK, Liu Y, Lunde R, Shen W. Exosome Processing and Characterization Approaches for Research and Technology Development. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103222. [PMID: 35332686 PMCID: PMC9130923 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that share components of their parent cells and are attractive in biotechnology and biomedical research as potential disease biomarkers as well as therapeutic agents. Crucial to realizing this potential is the ability to manufacture high-quality exosomes; however, unlike biologics such as proteins, exosomes lack standardized Good Manufacturing Practices for their processing and characterization. Furthermore, there is a lack of well-characterized reference exosome materials to aid in selection of methods for exosome isolation, purification, and analysis. This review informs exosome research and technology development by comparing exosome processing and characterization methods and recommending exosome workflows. This review also provides a detailed introduction to exosomes, including their physical and chemical properties, roles in normal biological processes and in disease progression, and summarizes some of the on-going clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James J. Lai
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Zoe L. Chau
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Sheng‐You Chen
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - John J. Hill
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | | | - Nai‐Wen Liang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Li‐Han Lin
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringNational Taiwan UniversityTaipei City10617Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Hsuan Lin
- Department of Engineering and System ScienceNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Joanne K. Liu
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Yu‐Chung Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| | - Ruby Lunde
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA
| | - Wei‐Ting Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental SciencesNational Tsing Hua UniversityHsinchu30013Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen F, Li J, She J, Chen T, Yuan Z. Exosomal microRNA-16-5p from macrophage exacerbates atherosclerosis via modulating mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7. Microvasc Res 2022; 142:104368. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
26
|
Kosanović M, Milutinovic B, Glamočlija S, Morlans IM, Ortiz A, Bozic M. Extracellular Vesicles and Acute Kidney Injury: Potential Therapeutic Avenue for Renal Repair and Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073792. [PMID: 35409151 PMCID: PMC8998560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden decline of renal function and represents a global clinical problem due to an elevated morbidity and mortality. Despite many efforts, currently there are no treatments to halt this devastating condition. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoparticles secreted by various cell types in both physiological and pathological conditions. EVs can arise from distinct parts of the kidney and can mediate intercellular communication between various cell types along the nephron. Besides their potential as diagnostic tools, EVs have been proposed as powerful new tools for regenerative medicine and have been broadly studied as therapeutic mediators in different models of experimental AKI. In this review, we present an overview of the basic features and biological relevance of EVs, with an emphasis on their functional role in cell-to-cell communication in the kidney. We explore versatile roles of EVs in crucial pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to AKI and give a detailed description of the renoprotective effects of EVs from different origins in AKI. Finally, we explain known mechanisms of action of EVs in AKI and provide an outlook on the potential clinical translation of EVs in the setting of AKI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kosanović
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Bojana Milutinovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Sofija Glamočlija
- Institute for the Application of Nuclear Energy, INEP, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.K.); (S.G.)
| | - Ingrid Mena Morlans
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Milica Bozic
- Vascular and Renal Translational Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida Dr. Pifarré Foundation (IRBLleida), 25196 Lleida, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Malnutrition and Biomarkers: A Journey through Extracellular Vesicles. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051002. [PMID: 35267977 PMCID: PMC8912428 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as active components in cellular communication, which are easily altered both morphologically and chemically by the cellular environment and metabolic state of the body. Due to this sensitivity to the conditions of the cellular microenvironment, EVs have been found to be associated with disease conditions, including those associated with obesity and undernutrition. The sensitivity that EVs show to changes in the cellular microenvironment could be a reflection of early cellular alterations related to conditions of malnutrition, which could eventually be used in the routine monitoring and control of diseases or complications associated with it. However, little is known about the influence of malnutrition alone; that is, without the influence of additional diseases on the heterogeneity and specific content of EVs. To date, studies in “apparently healthy” obese patients show that there are changes in the size, quantity, and content of EVs, as well as correlations with some metabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, and serum lipids) in comparison with non-obese individuals. In light of these changes, a direct participation of EVs in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular complications in obese subjects is thought to exist. However, the mechanisms through which this process might occur are not yet fully understood. The evidence on EVs in conditions of undernutrition is limited, but it suggests that EVs play a role in the maintenance of homeostasis and muscle repair. A better understanding of how EVs participate in or promote cellular signaling in malnutrition conditions could help in the development of new strategies to treat them and their comorbidities.
Collapse
|
28
|
Xing Y, Sun X, Dou Y, Wang M, Zhao Y, Yang Q, Zhao Y. The Immuno-Modulation Effect of Macrophage-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 12:785728. [PMID: 34975877 PMCID: PMC8716390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.785728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As natural nanocarriers and intercellular messengers, extracellular vesicles (EVs) control communication among cells. Under physiological and pathological conditions, EVs deliver generic information including proteins and nucleic acids to recipient cells and exert regulatory effects. Macrophages help mediate immune responses, and macrophage-derived EVs may play immunomodulatory roles in the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, EVs derived from various macrophage phenotypes have different biological functions. In this review, we describe the pathophysiological significance of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases, including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, and gastrointestinal disease, and the potential applications of these EVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yiming Dou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanmei Zhao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
The dynamic nature of the Coronavirus receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in differentiating airway epithelia. BBA ADVANCES 2022; 2:100044. [PMID: 35187520 PMCID: PMC8840828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2022.100044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Once inhaled, SARS-CoV-2 particles enter respiratory ciliated cells by interacting with angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Understanding the nature of ACE2 within airway tissue has become a recent focus particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Airway mucociliary tissue was generated in-vitro using primary human nasal epithelial cells and the air-liquid interface (ALI) model of differentiation. Using ALI tissue, three distinct transcript variants of ACE2 were identified. One transcript encodes the documented full-length ACE2 protein. The other two transcripts are unique truncated isoforms, that until recently had only been predicted to exist via sequence analysis software. Quantitative PCR revealed that all three transcript variants are expressed throughout differentiation of airway mucociliary epithelia. Immunofluorescence analysis of individual ACE2 protein isoforms exogenously expressed in cell-lines revealed similar abilities to localize in the plasma membrane and interact with the SARS CoV 2 spike receptor binding domain. Immunohistochemistry on differentiated ALI tissue using antibodies to either the N-term or C-term of ACE2 revealed both overlapping and distinct signals in cells, most notably only the ACE2 C-term antibody displayed plasma-membrane localization. We also demonstrate that ACE2 protein shedding is different in ALI Tissue compared to ACE2-transfected cell lines, and that ACE2 is released from both the apical and basal surfaces of ALI tissue. Together, our data highlights various facets of ACE2 transcripts and protein in airway mucociliary tissue that may represent variables which impact an individual's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection, or the severity of Covid-19.
Collapse
|
30
|
Brown PA. Differential and targeted vesiculation: pathologic cellular responses to elevated arterial pressure. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1023-1040. [PMID: 34989921 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04351-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are small membrane-enclosed particles released during cell activation or injury. They have been investigated for several decades and found to be secreted in various diseases. Their pathogenic role is further supported by the presence of several important molecules among their cargo, including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Many studies have reported enhanced and targeted extracellular vesicle biogenesis in diseases that involve chronic or transient elevation of arterial pressure resulting in endothelial dysfunction, within either the general circulatory system or specific local vascular beds. In addition, several associated pathologic processes have been studied and reported. However, the role of elevated pressure as a common pathogenic trigger across vascular domains and disease chronicity has not been previously described. This review will therefore summarize our current knowledge of the differential and targeted biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in major diseases that are characterized by elevated arterial pressure leading to endothelial dysfunction and propose a unified theory of pressure-induced extracellular vesicle-mediated pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Brown
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences Teaching and Research Complex, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Singh M, Agarwal S, Agarwal V, Mall S, Pancham P, Mani S. Current theranostic approaches for metastatic cancers through hypoxia-induced exosomal packaged cargo. Life Sci 2021; 286:120017. [PMID: 34619169 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tumour cells exhibit numerous defence mechanisms against various therapeutic strategies and help in developing drug resistance. These defence strategies help cancer cells prevent their elimination from an organism and prosper at a specific location. In recent times it's been observed that there is a significant contribution of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) from such tumorigenic sites in the development and prognosis of cancer. Amongst the various types of EVs, exosomes behave like biological carriers, play a crucial role in transporting the content between different cells, and had such an underrated defence mode by getting induced due to the hypoxia secreted highly specialised double-membrane structures. These small structure vesicles play a critical part in regulating local microenvironment and intracellular communications, cited by many research studies. Exosomes are a potential carrier of several cargo biomolecules like proteins, lipids, miRNAs, mRNAs etc., facilitating better communication within the microenvironment of cancer cells, enhancing the metastatic rate along with cancer progression. Several studies have extensively researched elucidating exosomes mediated radiation-induced bystander effects: multidrug resistance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and help cancer cells escape from the immune system apart from playing a critical role in angiogenesis too. Due to its natural tendency to carry different biomolecules, it can also be used to haul chemical drugs and efficiently deliver the drug molecules to the targeted site of cancer. The current review aims to explore the vivid role of hypoxia-induced exosomes in tumour progression along with its application and challenges in cancer therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Singh
- Centre for Emerging Diseases (CFED), Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U. P., India.
| | - Shriya Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Vinayak Agarwal
- Centre for Emerging Diseases (CFED), Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U. P., India
| | - Shweta Mall
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Southern Regional Station of Indian Council of Agriculture Research-Research Institute, Bangalore 560030, India
| | - Pranav Pancham
- Centre for Emerging Diseases (CFED), Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U. P., India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Centre for Emerging Diseases (CFED), Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology (JIIT) Noida, U. P., India
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Yang J, Zou X, Jose PA, Zeng C. Extracellular vesicles: Potential impact on cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 105:49-100. [PMID: 34809830 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have received considerable attention in biological and clinical research due to their ability to mediate cell-to-cell communication. Based on their size and secretory origin, EVs are categorized as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Increasing number of studies highlight the contribution of EVs in the regulation of a wide range of normal cellular physiological processes, including waste scavenging, cellular stress reduction, intercellular communication, immune regulation, and cellular homeostasis modulation. Altered circulating EV level, expression pattern, or content in plasma of patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in diverse cardiovascular pathologies. Due to their inherent characteristics and physiological functions, EVs, in turn, have become potential candidates as therapeutic agents. In this review, we discuss the evolving understanding of the role of EVs in CVD, summarize the current knowledge of EV-mediated regulatory mechanisms, and highlight potential strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of CVD. We also attempt to look into the future that may advance our understanding of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CVD and provide novel insights into the field of translational medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China.
| | - Xue Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Disease & Hypertension, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Chongqing Institute of Cardiology and Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research, Chongqing, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, PR China; Heart Center of Fujian Province, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:383. [PMID: 34753929 PMCID: PMC8578673 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00779-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication, thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation. Exosomal non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), mainly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health. When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissue-specific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders, they can cause tissue dysfunction, aging, and diseases. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases. In addition, we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in human health and diseases, including cancers, metabolic diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.
Collapse
|
34
|
Arishe OO, Priviero F, Wilczynski SA, Webb RC. Exosomes as Intercellular Messengers in Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111685. [PMID: 34769116 PMCID: PMC8583750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
People living with hypertension have a higher risk of developing heart diseases, and hypertension remains a top cause of mortality. In hypertension, some detrimental changes occur in the arterial wall, which include physiological and biochemical changes. Furthermore, this disease is characterized by turbulent blood flow, increased fluid shear stress, remodeling of the blood vessels, and endothelial dysfunction. As a complex disease, hypertension is thought to be caused by an array of factors, its etiology consisting of both environmental and genetic factors. The Mosaic Theory of hypertension states that many factors, including genetics, environment, adaptive, neural, mechanical, and hormonal perturbations are intertwined, leading to increases in blood pressure. Long-term efforts by several investigators have provided invaluable insight into the physiological mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of hypertension, and these include increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, overactivation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, impaired platelet function, thrombogenesis, vascular smooth muscle and cardiac hypertrophy, and altered angiogenesis. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released by all cells and carry nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites into the extracellular environment. They play a role in intercellular communication and are involved in the pathophysiology of diseases. Since the discovery of exosomes in the 1980s, numerous studies have been carried out to understand the biogenesis, composition, and function of exosomes. In this review, we will discuss the role of exosomes as intercellular messengers in hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olufunke Omolola Arishe
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (F.P.); (S.A.W.); (R.C.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-394-3582
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (F.P.); (S.A.W.); (R.C.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - Stephanie A. Wilczynski
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (F.P.); (S.A.W.); (R.C.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29209, USA; (F.P.); (S.A.W.); (R.C.W.)
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, School of Medicine, Columbia, SC 29209, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Krishnamachary B, Mahajan A, Kumar A, Agarwal S, Mohan A, Chen L, Hsue PY, Chalise P, Morris A, Dhillon NK. Extracellular Vesicle TGF-β1 Is Linked to Cardiopulmonary Dysfunction in Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:413-429. [PMID: 34014809 PMCID: PMC8525206 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0010oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as important mediators in cell-cell communication; however, their relevance in pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is yet to be explored. Considering that circulating monocytes are the source of the increased number of perivascular macrophages surrounding the remodeled vessels in PH, this study aimed to identify the role of circulating small EVs and EVs released by HIV-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages in the development of PH. We report significantly higher numbers of plasma-derived EVs carrying higher levels of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) in HIV-positive individuals with PH compared with individuals without PH. Importantly, levels of these TGF-β1-loaded, plasma-derived EVs correlated with pulmonary arterial systolic pressures and CD4 counts but did not correlate with the Dl CO or viral load. Correspondingly, enhanced TGF-β1-dependent pulmonary endothelial injury and smooth muscle hyperplasia were observed. HIV-1 infection of monocyte-derived macrophages in the presence of cocaine resulted in an increased number of TGF-β1-high EVs, and intravenous injection of these EVs in rats led to increased right ventricle systolic pressure accompanied by myocardial injury and increased levels of serum ET-1 (endothelin-1), TNF-α, and cardiac troponin-I. Conversely, pretreatment of rats with TGF-β receptor 1 inhibitor prevented these EV-mediated changes. Findings define the ability of macrophage-derived small EVs to cause pulmonary vascular modeling and PH via modulation of TGF-β signaling and suggest clinical implications of circulating TGF-β-high EVs as a potential biomarker of HIV-associated PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Krishnamachary
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Aatish Mahajan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Stuti Agarwal
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Aradhana Mohan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Ling Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Priscilla Y. Hsue
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Prabhakar Chalise
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Alison Morris
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Navneet K. Dhillon
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang B, Cao C, Han D, Bai J, Guo J, Guo Q, Li D, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Tang J, Shen D, Zhang J. Dysregulation of miR-342-3p in plasma exosomes derived from convalescent AMI patients and its consequences on cardiac repair. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112056. [PMID: 34435593 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma exosomes derived from healthy people have been shown to be beneficial in terms of protecting against ischemia-reperfusion injury or acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, a pathological condition may severely affect the constitution and biological activity of exosomes. In our study, we isolated plasma exosomes from healthy volunteers and convalescent AMI patients (3-7 d after onset). Compared to exosomes from healthy controls (Nor-Exo), exosomes from convalescent AMI patients (AMI-Exo) exhibited an impaired ability to repair damaged cardiomyocytes both in vitro and in vivo. miRNA sequencing and PCR analysis indicated that miR-342-3p was significantly downregulated in AMI-Exo. Moreover, miR-342-3p alleviated H2O2-induced injury and reduced apoptosis and autophagy in H9c2 cardiomyocytes, while in vivo restoration of miR-342-3p expression enhanced the reparative function of AMI-Exo. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the SOX6 and TFEB genes were two direct and functional targets of miR-342-3p. Taken together, during the early convalescent phase after AMI, dysregulated miR-342-3p in plasma exosomes might be responsible for their impaired cardioprotective potential. miR-342-3p contributed to exosome-mediated heart repair by inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis and autophagy through targeting SOX6 and TFEB, respectively. Our work provided novel insights on the role of plasma exosomes in the natural process of cardiac repair after AMI and suggestions for therapy development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Dongjian Han
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jing Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Demin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Yunzhe Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Deliang Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lin B, Yang J, Song Y, Dang G, Feng J. Exosomes and Atherogenesis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:738031. [PMID: 34513963 PMCID: PMC8427277 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.738031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is their common pathological foundation. It is known that atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial activation/injury, accumulation of inflammatory immune cells and lipid-rich foam cells, followed by the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Either from arterial vessel wall or blood circulation, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, foam cells, and platelets have been considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, as natural nano-carriers and intercellular messengers, play a significant role in modulation of cell-to-cell communication. Under physiological or pathological conditions, exosomes can deliver their cargos including donor cell-specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells, which in turn affect the function of the target cells. In this review, we will describe the pathophysiological significance of various exosomes derived from different cell types associated with atherosclerosis, and the potential applications of exosome in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guohui Dang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Das Gupta A, Krawczynska N, Nelson ER. Extracellular Vesicles-The Next Frontier in Endocrinology. Endocrinology 2021; 162:6310412. [PMID: 34180968 PMCID: PMC8294678 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqab133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are emerging as important carriers of signals in normal and pathological physiology. As EVs are a long-range communication or signaling modality-just like hormones are-the field of endocrinology is uniquely poised to offer insight into their functional biology and regulation. EVs are membrane-bound particles secreted by many different cell types and can have local or systemic effects, being transported in body fluids. They express transmembrane proteins, some of which are shared between EVs and some being specific to the tissue of origin, that can interact with target cells directly (much like hormones can). They also contain cargo within them that includes DNA, RNA, miRNA, and various metabolites. They can fuse with target cells to empty their cargo and alter their target cell physiology in this way also. Similar to the endocrine system, the EV system is likely to be under homeostatic control, making the regulation of their biogenesis and secretion important aspects to study. In this review, we briefly highlight select examples of how EVs are implicated in normal physiology and disease states. We also discuss what is known about their biogenesis and regulation of secretion. We hope that this paper inspires the endocrinology field to use our collective expertise to explore these new multimodal "hormones."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anasuya Das Gupta
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Natalia Krawczynska
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Erik R Nelson
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 61801, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, Anticancer Discovery from Pets to People Theme, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence: Erik R. Nelson, Ph.D., University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. 407 S Goodwin Ave (MC-114), Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: Applications in Regenerative Medicine. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081959. [PMID: 34440728 PMCID: PMC8393426 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicles, produced within multivesicular bodies, that are then released into the extracellular space through a merging of the multivesicular body with the plasma membrane. These vesicles are secreted by almost all cell types to aid in a vast array of cellular functions, including intercellular communication, cell differentiation and proliferation, angiogenesis, stress response, and immune signaling. This ability to contribute to several distinct processes is due to the complexity of exosomes, as they carry a multitude of signaling moieties, including proteins, lipids, cell surface receptors, enzymes, cytokines, transcription factors, and nucleic acids. The favorable biological properties of exosomes including biocompatibility, stability, low toxicity, and proficient exchange of molecular cargos make exosomes prime candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Exploring the functions and molecular payloads of exosomes can facilitate tissue regeneration therapies and provide mechanistic insight into paracrine modulation of cellular activities. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of exosome biogenesis, composition, and isolation methods. We also discuss emerging healing properties of exosomes and exosomal cargos, such as microRNAs, in brain injuries, cardiovascular disease, and COVID-19 amongst others. Overall, this review highlights the burgeoning roles and potential applications of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
|
40
|
Shan X, Zhang C, Mai C, Hu X, Cheng N, Chen W, Peng D, Wang L, Ji Z, Xie Y. The Biogenesis, Biological Functions, and Applications of Macrophage-Derived Exosomes. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:715461. [PMID: 34368234 PMCID: PMC8333870 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.715461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage-derived exosomes have been implicated on the modulation of inflammatory processes. Recent studies have shown that macrophage-derived exosomes contribute to the progression of many diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and heart failure. This review describes the biogenesis of macrophage-derived exosomes and their biological functions in different diseases. In addition, the challenges facing the use of macrophage-derived exosomes as delivery tools for drugs, genes, and proteins in clinical applications are described. The application of macrophage-derived exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Shan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Chutian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, China
| | - Xuerui Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Nuo Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Weidong Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Daiyin Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology and Application, Hefei, China
| | - Zhaojie Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, , Anhui University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Li X, Xu H, Yi J, Dong C, Zhang H, Wang Z, Miao L, Zhou W. miR-365 secreted from M2 Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promotes pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma progression through the BTG2/FAK/AKT axis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:4671-4683. [PMID: 33811437 PMCID: PMC8107105 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and experimental evidence indicates that tumour-associated macrophages support cancer progression. Moreover, macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) are involved in pathogenesis of multiple cancers, yet the functions of molecular determinants in which have not been fully understood. Herein, we aim to understand whether macrophage modulates pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) progression in an EV-dependent manner and the underlying mechanisms. microRNA (miR)-365 was experimentally determined to be enriched in the EVs from M2 macrophages (M2-EVs), which could be transferred into PDAC cells. Using a co-culture system, M2-EVs could enhance the proliferating, migrating and invading potentials of PDAC cells, while inhibition of miR-365 in M2-EVs could repress these malignant functions. B-cell translocation gene 2 (BTG2) was identified to be a direct target of miR-365, while the focal adhesion kinase (F/ATP)-dependent tyrosine kinase (AKT) pathway was activated by miR-365. We further demonstrated that overexpression of BTG2 could delay the progression of PDAC in vitro, whereas by impairing BTG2-mediated anti-tumour effect, M2-EV-miR-365 promoted PDAC progression. For validation, a nude mouse model of tumorigenesis was established, in which we found that targeting M2-EV-miR-365 contributed to suppression of tumour growth. Collectively, M2-EVs carry miR-365 to suppress BTG2 expression, which activated FAK/AKT pathway, thus promoting PDAC development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hao Xu
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jianfeng Yi
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Chunlu Dong
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Zhengfeng Wang
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Long Miao
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Wence Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical CollegeLanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Department of General Surgerythe First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li C, Deng C, Zhou T, Hu J, Dai B, Yi F, Tian N, Jiang L, Dong X, Zhu Q, Zhang S, Cui H, Cao L, Shang Y. MicroRNA-370 carried by M2 macrophage-derived exosomes alleviates asthma progression through inhibiting the FGF1/MAPK/STAT1 axis. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1795-1807. [PMID: 33994863 PMCID: PMC8120458 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.59715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested the functions of exosomes in allergic diseases including asthma. By using a mouse model with asthma induced by ovalbumin (OVA), we explored the roles of M2 macrophage-derived exosomes (M2Φ-Exos) in asthma progression. M2Φ-Exos significantly alleviated OVA-induced fibrosis and inflammatory responses in mouse lung tissues, as well as inhibited abnormal proliferation, invasion, and fibrosis-related protein production in platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB) treated primary mouse airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs). The OVA administration in mice or the PDGF-BB treatment in ASMCs reduced the expression of miR-370, which was detected in M2Φ-Exos by miRNA sequencing. However, treating the mice or ASMCs with M2Φ-Exos reversed the inhibitory effect of OVA or PDGF-BB on miR-370 expression. We identified that the target of miR-370 was fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1). Downregulation of miR-370 by Lv-miR-370 inhibitor or overexpression of FGF1 by Lv-FGF1 blocked the protective roles of M2Φ-Exos in asthma-like mouse and cell models. M2Φ-Exos were found to inactivate the MAPK signaling pathway, which was recovered by miR-370 inhibition or FGF1 overexpression. Collectively, we conclude that M2Φ-Exos carry miR-370 to alleviate asthma progression through downregulating FGF1 expression and the MAPK/STAT1 signaling pathway. Our study may offer a novel insight into asthma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunlu Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Chengsi Deng
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingting Zhou
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Jiapeng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Bing Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fei Yi
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Na Tian
- Jilin Tuohua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin 13000, China
| | - Lijun Jiang
- Jilin Tuohua Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Changchun, Jilin 13000, China
| | - Xiang Dong
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Liu Cao
- College of Basic Medicine Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yunxiao Shang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang P, Liang T, Wang X, Wu T, Xie Z, Yu Y, Yu H. Serum-Derived Exosomes from Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Induce Endothelial Injury and Inflammation in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Int Heart J 2021; 62:396-406. [PMID: 33731537 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial injury and inflammation have been found to be essential in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease (CAD). Circulating exosomes are of great value as novel biomarkers for CAD. However, the role of circulating exosomes in the pathogenesis of CAD remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we aimed to examine whether circulating exosomes from CAD are involved in the endothelial injury and inflammation. The serum-derived exosomes were isolated from CAD and controls using an ExoQuick reagent, and these were then quantified by measuring the protein levels using BCA methods. The uptake of exosomes by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was observed by laser scanning microscope and analyzed via flow cytometry. Then, HUVECs were treated with vehicle, exosomes from CAD (CAD-exo), and controls (ctrl-exo) in the absence and presence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Cell viability, migration, and angiogenesis were evaluated using CCK-8 assay, scratch assay, and tube formation assay. Inflammatory factors including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 levels were detected via qPCR. As per our findings, no significant differences were noted in uptake of ctrl-exo and CAD-exo by HUVECs. CAD-exo suppressed cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with ctrl-exo, CAD-exo-treated HUVECs significantly suppressed migration and angiogenesis. However, CAD-exo had a stronger inhibitory effect on VEGF-induced migration and angiogenesis compared with ctrl-exo. Moreover, IL-1β, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 were determined to be significantly upregulated in HUVECs treated with CAD-exo, but IL-6 and VCAM-1 expressions were not affected. Overall, our results suggest that CAD-exo are involved in endothelial injury and inflammation, which may, in turn, cause endothelial dysfunction and potentially promote the development of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University.,Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Tao Liang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science.,Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science.,Guangdong General Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology
| | - Tianlong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Zhixin Xie
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University.,Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| | - Yanhong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University
| | - Huimin Yu
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University.,Department of Cardiovascular, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Science
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Martins-Marques T, Hausenloy DJ, Sluijter JPG, Leybaert L, Girao H. Intercellular Communication in the Heart: Therapeutic Opportunities for Cardiac Ischemia. Trends Mol Med 2021; 27:248-262. [PMID: 33139169 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2020.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue, organ, and organism homeostasis relies on an intricate network of players and mechanisms that assist in the different forms of cell-cell communication. Myocardial infarction, following heart ischemia and reperfusion, is associated with profound changes in key processes of intercellular communication, involving gap junctions, extracellular vesicles, and tunneling nanotubes, some of which have been implicated in communication defects associated with cardiac injury, namely arrhythmogenesis and progression into heart failure. Therefore, intercellular communication players have emerged as attractive powerful therapeutic targets aimed at preserving a fine-tuned crosstalk between the different cardiac cells in order to prevent or repair some of harmful consequences of heart ischemia and reperfusion, re-establishing myocardial function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Martins-Marques
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, Singapore; The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK; Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Taiwan
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, University Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Henrique Girao
- Univ Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra, Portugal; Univ Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal; Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Recent Advancement and Technical Challenges in Developing Small Extracellular Vesicles for Cancer Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2021; 38:179-197. [PMID: 33604783 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-02988-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-enclosed vesicles and act like 'messages in a bottle' in cell-cell communication by transporting their cargoes to recipient cells. Small EVs (sEVs, < 200 nm) are highly researched recently and have been harnessed as novel delivery systems for the treatment of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and most importantly cancer primarily because of their non-immunogenicity, tissue penetration and cell-tropism. This review will first provide a comprehensive overview of sEVs regarding the current understanding on their properties, biogenesis, new classification by the ISEV, composition, as well as their roles in cancer development (thereby called "oncosomes"). The primary focus will be given to the current state of sEVs as natural nanocarriers for cancer drug delivery, the technologies and challenges involved in sEV isolation and characterization, therapeutic cargo loading, and surface modification to enhance tumor-targeting. We will also provide examples of sEV products under clinical trials. Furthermore, the current challenges as well as the advance in "sEV mimetics" to address some of the sEVs limitations is briefly discussed. We seek to advance our understanding of sEVs to unlock their full potential as superior drug delivery vehicles in cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
46
|
Wang C, Li Z, Liu Y, Yuan L. Exosomes in atherosclerosis: performers, bystanders, biomarkers, and therapeutic targets. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:3996-4010. [PMID: 33664877 PMCID: PMC7914371 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized lipid vesicles originating from the endosomal system that carry many macromolecules from their parental cells and play important roles in intercellular communication. The functions and underlying mechanisms of exosomes in atherosclerosis have recently been intensively studied. In this review, we briefly introduce exosome biology and then focus on advances in the roles of exosomes in atherosclerosis, specifically exosomal changes associated with atherosclerosis, their cellular origins and potential functional cargos, and their detailed impacts on recipient cells. We also discuss the potential of exosomes as biomarkers and drug carriers for managing atherosclerosis.
Collapse
|
47
|
Tan PPS, Hall D, Chilian WM, Chia YC, Mohd Zain S, Lim HM, Kumar DN, Ching SM, Low TY, Md Noh MF, Pung YF. Exosomal microRNAs in the development of essential hypertension and its potential as biomarkers. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 320:H1486-H1497. [PMID: 33577433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00888.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules that are involved in posttranscriptional modifications. These noncoding RNAs are usually ferried by extracellular carriers such as exosomes or other protein and lipid carriers inside a range of body fluids including plasma and urine. Due to their ability to withstand harsh external conditions, exosomal miRNAs possess enormous potential as noninvasive disease biomarkers for, notably hypertension, whereby exosomal miRNAs have been implicated in its pathophysiological processes. More importantly, alterations in the microenvironment as a result of disease progression can induce active and selective loading of miRNAs into exosomes. In this paper, we first review the mechanisms of miRNA loading into exosomes, followed by the roles of exosomal miRNAs in the development of hypertension, and the potentials of exosomal miRNAs as biomarkers in comparison with other free circulating miRNAs. Finally, challenges and future research surrounding exosomal miRNAs will also be discussed. This review will aid in the understanding of noninvasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of hypertension and for probing therapeutic efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pei Suu Tan
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Deborah Hall
- University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - William M Chilian
- Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio
| | - Yook Chin Chia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shamsul Mohd Zain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Min Lim
- Department of Primary Care Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devaraj Navin Kumar
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siew Mooi Ching
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Teck Yew Low
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Fairulnizal Md Noh
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- Division of Biomedical Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Moreira-Costa L, Barros AS, Lourenço AP, Leite-Moreira AF, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Thongboonkerd V, Vitorino R. Exosome-Derived Mediators as Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Network Approach. Proteomes 2021; 9:proteomes9010008. [PMID: 33535467 PMCID: PMC7930981 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are widely recognized as the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Despite the advances in clinical management over the past decades, the underlying pathological mechanisms remain largely unknown. Exosomes have drawn the attention of researchers for their relevance in intercellular communication under both physiological and pathological conditions. These vesicles are suggested as complementary prospective biomarkers of CVDs; however, the role of exosomes in CVDs is still not fully elucidated. Here, we performed a literature search on exosomal biogenesis, characteristics, and functions, as well as the different available exosomal isolation techniques. Moreover, aiming to give new insights into the interaction between exosomes and CVDs, network analysis on the role of exosome-derived mediators in coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF) was also performed to incorporate the different sources of information. The upregulated exosomal miRNAs miR-133a, miR-208a, miR-1, miR-499-5p, and miR-30a were described for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, while the exosome-derived miR-192, miR-194, miR-146a, and miR-92b-5p were considered as potential biomarkers for HF development. In CAD patients, upregulated exosomal proteins, including fibrinogen beta/gamma chain, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain, and alpha-1 antichymotrypsin, were assessed as putative protein biomarkers. From downregulated proteins in CAD patients, albumin, clusterin, and vitamin D-binding protein were considered relevant to assess prognosis. The Vesiclepedia database included miR-133a of exosomal origin upregulated in patients with CAD and the exosomal miR-192, miR-194, and miR-146a upregulated in patients with HF. Additionally, Vesiclepedia included 5 upregulated and 13 downregulated exosomal proteins in patients in CAD. The non-included miRNAs and proteins have not yet been identified in exosomes and can be proposed for further research. This report highlights the need for further studies focusing on the identification and validation of miRNAs and proteins of exosomal origin as biomarkers of CAD and HF, which will enable, using exosomal biomarkers, the guiding of diagnosis/prognosis in CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Moreira-Costa
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.F.L.-M.); (R.N.-F.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.-C.); (R.V.)
| | - António S. Barros
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.F.L.-M.); (R.N.-F.)
| | - André P. Lourenço
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.F.L.-M.); (R.N.-F.)
| | - Adelino F. Leite-Moreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.F.L.-M.); (R.N.-F.)
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Nogueira-Ferreira
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.F.L.-M.); (R.N.-F.)
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand;
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Cardiovascular R&D Center, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal; (A.S.B.); (A.P.L.); (A.F.L.-M.); (R.N.-F.)
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Agra do Crasto, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (L.M.-C.); (R.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lou P, Liu S, Xu X, Pan C, Lu Y, Liu J. Extracellular vesicle-based therapeutics for the regeneration of chronic wounds: current knowledge and future perspectives. Acta Biomater 2021; 119:42-56. [PMID: 33161186 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds are still an intractable medical problem for both clinicians and researchers and cause a substantial social and medical burden. Current clinical approaches can only manage wounds but have limited capacity to promote the regeneration of chronic wounds. As a type of natural nanovesicle, extracellular vesicles (EVs) from multiple cell types (e.g., stem cells, immune cells, and skin cells) have been shown to participate in all stages of skin wound healing including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, and display beneficial roles in promoting wound repair. Moreover, EVs can be further re-engineered with genetic/chemical or scaffold material-based strategies for enhanced skin regeneration. In this review, we provide an overview of EV biology and discuss the current findings regarding the roles of EVs in chronic wound healing, particularly in immune regulation, cell proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, as well as the therapeutic effects of EVs on chronic wounds by genetic modification, in combination with functionalized biomaterials, and as drug carriers. We also discuss the challenges and perspectives of translating EV-based therapies into clinical wound care in the future.
Collapse
|
50
|
Du S, Ling H, Guo Z, Cao Q, Song C. Roles of exosomal miRNA in vascular aging. Pharmacol Res 2020; 165:105278. [PMID: 33166733 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for human diseases. As global average life expectancy has lengthened, delaying or reducing aging and age-related diseases has become an urgent issue for improving the quality of life. The vascular aging process represents an important link between aging and age-related diseases. Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles (EV) that can be secreted by almost all eukaryotic cells, and they deliver characteristic biological information about donor cells to regulate the cellular microenvironment, mediate signal transmission between neighboring or distant cells, and affect the expression of target genes in recipient cells. Many recent studies have shown that exosomal microribonucleic acids (miRNA) are involved in the regulation of vascular aging by participating in the physiological functions of vascular cells and the destruction and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). This review summarizes the regulatory functions of exosomal miRNA in vascular aging because they interact with the ECM, and participate in vascular cell senescence, and the regulation of senescence-related functions such as proliferation, migration, apoptosis, inflammation, and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Hao Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Ziyuan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qidong Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| |
Collapse
|