1
|
Wystrychowski G, Simka-Lampa K, Witkowska A, Sobecko E, Skubis-Sikora A, Sikora B, Wojtyna E, Golda A, Gwizdek K, Wróbel M, Sędek Ł, Górczyńska-Kosiorz S, Szweda-Gandor N, Trautsolt W, Francuz T, Kruszniewska-Rajs C, Gola J. Selected microRNA Expression and Protein Regulator Secretion by Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6644. [PMID: 38928349 PMCID: PMC11204268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) in metabolic syndrome remains unclear. We aimed to assess the expression of selected microRNAs in Ad-MSCs of non-diabetic adults in relation to Ad-MSC secretion of protein regulators and basic metabolic parameters. Ten obese, eight overweight, and five normal weight subjects were enrolled: 19 females and 4 males; aged 43.0 ± 8.9 years. Ad-MSCs were harvested from abdominal subcutaneous fat. Ad-MSC cellular expressions of four microRNAs (2-ΔCt values) and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, and IGF-1 in the Ad-MSC-conditioned medium were assessed. The expressions of miR-21, miR-122, or miR-192 did not correlate with clinical parameters (age, sex, BMI, visceral fat, HOMA-IR, fasting glycemia, HbA1c, serum lipids, CRP, and eGFR). Conversely, the expression of miR-155 was lowest in obese subjects (3.69 ± 2.67 × 10-3 vs. 7.07 ± 4.42 × 10-3 in overweight and 10.25 ± 7.05 × 10-3 in normal weight ones, p = 0.04). The expression of miR-155 correlated inversely with BMI (sex-adjusted r = -0.64; p < 0.01), visceral adiposity (r = -0.49; p = 0.03), and serum CRP (r = -0.63; p < 0.01), whereas it correlated positively with serum HDL cholesterol (r = 0.51; p = 0.02). Moreover, miR-155 synthesis was associated marginally negatively with Ad-MSC secretion of IGF-1 (r = -0.42; p = 0.05), and positively with that of IL-10 (r = 0.40; p = 0.06). Ad-MSC expression of miR-155 appears blunted in visceral obesity, which correlates with Ad-MSC IGF-1 hypersecretion and IL-10 hyposecretion, systemic microinflammation, and HDL dyslipidemia. Ad-MSC studies in metabolic syndrome should focus on miR-155.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Klaudia Simka-Lampa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-L.); (E.S.); (T.F.)
| | | | - Ewelina Sobecko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-L.); (E.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Aleksandra Skubis-Sikora
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (B.S.)
| | - Bartosz Sikora
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (A.S.-S.); (B.S.)
| | - Ewa Wojtyna
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Opole, 45-040 Opole, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Golda
- Alfamed General Practice, 41-100 Siemianowice Slaskie, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Gwizdek
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Marta Wróbel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Sędek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Sylwia Górczyńska-Kosiorz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.G.-K.); (N.S.-G.); (W.T.)
| | - Nikola Szweda-Gandor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.G.-K.); (N.S.-G.); (W.T.)
| | - Wanda Trautsolt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Diabetology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (S.G.-K.); (N.S.-G.); (W.T.)
| | - Tomasz Francuz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (K.S.-L.); (E.S.); (T.F.)
| | - Celina Kruszniewska-Rajs
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (C.K.-R.); (J.G.)
| | - Joanna Gola
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (C.K.-R.); (J.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmed SM, Elkhenany HA, Ahmed TA, Ghoneim NI, Elkodous MA, Mohamed RH, Magdeldin S, Osama A, Anwar AM, Gabr MM, El-Badri N. Diabetic microenvironment deteriorates the regenerative capacities of adipose mesenchymal stromal cells. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:131. [PMID: 38880916 PMCID: PMC11181634 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01365-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes is an endocrine disorder characterized by compromised insulin sensitivity that eventually leads to overt disease. Adipose stem cells (ASCs) showed promising potency in improving type 2 diabetes and its complications through their immunomodulatory and differentiation capabilities. However, the hyperglycaemia of the diabetic microenvironment may exert a detrimental effect on the functionality of ASCs. Herein, we investigate ASC homeostasis and regenerative potential in the diabetic milieu. METHODS We conducted data collection and functional enrichment analysis to investigate the differential gene expression profile of MSCs in the diabetic microenvironment. Next, ASCs were cultured in a medium containing diabetic serum (DS) or normal non-diabetic serum (NS) for six days and one-month periods. Proteomic analysis was carried out, and ASCs were then evaluated for apoptosis, changes in the expression of surface markers and DNA repair genes, intracellular oxidative stress, and differentiation capacity. The crosstalk between the ASCs and the diabetic microenvironment was determined by the expression of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cytokine receptors. RESULTS The enrichment of MSCs differentially expressed genes in diabetes points to an alteration in oxidative stress regulating pathways in MSCs. Next, proteomic analysis of ASCs in DS revealed differentially expressed proteins that are related to enhanced cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and oxidative stress, altered immunomodulatory and differentiation potential. Our experiments confirmed these data and showed that ASCs cultured in DS suffered apoptosis, intracellular oxidative stress, and defective DNA repair. Under diabetic conditions, ASCs also showed compromised osteogenic, adipogenic, and angiogenic differentiation capacities. Both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were significantly altered by culture of ASCs in DS denoting defective immunomodulatory potential. Interestingly, ASCs showed induction of antioxidative stress genes and proteins such as SIRT1, TERF1, Clusterin and PKM2. CONCLUSION We propose that this deterioration in the regenerative function of ASCs is partially mediated by the induced oxidative stress and the diabetic inflammatory milieu. The induction of antioxidative stress factors in ASCs may indicate an adaptation mechanism to the increased oxidative stress in the diabetic microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda A Elkhenany
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
- Department of surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Toka A Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nehal I Ghoneim
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania Hassan Mohamed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sameh Magdeldin
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | - Aya Osama
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ali Mostafa Anwar
- Proteomic and Metabolomics Research Program, Basic Research Department, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M Gabr
- Urology and Nephrology Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, 6th of October City, Sheikh Zayed District, 6th of October City , 12582, Giza, Egypt.
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Sheikh Zayed District, Giza 12588, 6th of October City, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bahadoran Z, Mirmiran P, Ghasemi A. Adipose organ dysfunction and type 2 diabetes: Role of nitric oxide. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 221:116043. [PMID: 38325496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Adipose organ, historically known as specialized lipid-handling tissue serving as the long-term fat depot, is now appreciated as the largest endocrine organ composed of two main compartments, i.e., subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT), madding up white and beige/brown adipocytes. Adipose organ dysfunction manifested as maldistribution of the compartments, hypertrophic, hypoxic, inflamed, and insulin-resistant AT, contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight the role of nitric oxide (NO·) in AT (dys)function in relation to developing T2D. The key aspects determining lipid and glucose homeostasis in AT depend on the physiological levels of the NO· produced via endothelial NO· synthases (eNOS). In addition to decreased NO· bioavailability (via decreased expression/activity of eNOS or scavenging NO·), excessive NO· produced by inducible NOS (iNOS) in response to hypoxia and AT inflammation may be a critical interfering factor diverting NO· signaling to the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, resulting in AT and whole-body metabolic dysfunction. Pharmacological approaches boosting AT-NO· availability at physiological levels (by increasing NO· production and its stability), as well as suppression of iNOS-NO· synthesis, are potential candidates for developing NO·-based therapeutics in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bahadoran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Ghasemi
- Endocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fukui M, Lai F, Hihara M, Mitsui T, Matsuoka Y, Sun Z, Kunieda S, Taketani S, Odaka T, Okuma K, Kakudo N. Activation of cell adhesion and migration is an early event of platelet-rich plasma (PRP)-dependent stimulation of human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells. Hum Cell 2024; 37:181-192. [PMID: 37787969 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00989-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment in regenerative medicine. Human adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (hASCs), a type of mesenchymal stem cell, are easy to harvest. In plastic and aesthetic surgery, hASC may be applied in the treatment of fat grafting, wound healing, and scar remodeling. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) contains various growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which accelerates wound healing. We previously reported that PRP promotes the proliferation of hASC via multiple signaling pathways, and we evaluated the effect of PRP on the stimulation of hASC adhesion and migration, leading to the proliferation of these cells. When hASCs were treated with PRP, AKT, ERK1/2, paxillin and RhoA were rapidly activated. PRP treatment led to the formation of F-actin stress fibers. Strong signals for integrin β1, paxillin and RhoA at the cell periphery of RPR-treated cells indicated focal adhesion. PRP promoted cell adhesion and movement of hASC, compared with the control group. Imatinib, an inhibitor of the PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase, inhibited the promotion of PRP-dependent cell migration. PDGF treatment of hASCs also stimulated cell adhesion and migration but to a lesser extent than PRP treatment. PRP promoted the adhesion and the migration of hASC, mediated by the activation of AKT in the integrin signaling pathway. PRP treatment was more effective than PDGF treatment in enhancing cell migration. Thus, the ability of PRPs to promote migration of hASC to enhance cell growth is evident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michika Fukui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Fangyuan Lai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Hihara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Toshihito Mitsui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuoka
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Zhongxin Sun
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Sakurako Kunieda
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tokifumi Odaka
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kazu Okuma
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kakudo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang X, Liu Y, Li Z, Lerman LO. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Therapy for Metabolic Syndrome: Potential Clinical Application? Stem Cells 2023; 41:893-906. [PMID: 37407022 PMCID: PMC10560401 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), a class of cells with proliferative, immunomodulatory, and reparative functions, have shown therapeutic potential in a variety of systemic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). The cluster of morbidities that constitute MetS might be particularly amenable for the application of MSCs, which employ an arsenal of reparative actions to target multiple pathogenic pathways simultaneously. Preclinical studies have shown that MSCs can reverse pathological changes in MetS mainly by inhibiting inflammation, improving insulin resistance, regulating glycolipid metabolism, and protecting organ function. However, several challenges remain to overcome before MSCs can be applied for treating MetS. For example, the merits of autologous versus allogeneic MSCs sources remain unclear, particularly with autologous MSCs obtained from the noxious MetS milieu. The distinct characteristics and relative efficacy of MSCs harvested from different tissue sources also require clarification. Moreover, to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs, investigators have explored several approaches that improved therapeutic efficacy but may involve potential safety concerns. This review summarized the potentially useful MSCs strategy for treating MetS, as well as some hurdles that remain to be overcome. In particular, larger-scale studies are needed to determine the therapeutic efficacy and safety of MSCs for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuyi Huang
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunchong Liu
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zilun Li
- Division of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stomatin modulates adipogenesis through the ERK pathway and regulates fatty acid uptake and lipid droplet growth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4174. [PMID: 35854007 PMCID: PMC9296665 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of fatty acid uptake, lipid production and storage, and metabolism of lipid droplets (LDs), is closely related to lipid homeostasis, adipocyte hypertrophy and obesity. We report here that stomatin, a major constituent of lipid raft, participates in adipogenesis and adipocyte maturation by modulating related signaling pathways. In adipocyte-like cells, increased stomatin promotes LD growth or enlargements by facilitating LD-LD fusion. It also promotes fatty acid uptake from extracellular environment by recruiting effector molecules, such as FAT/CD36 translocase, to lipid rafts to promote internalization of fatty acids. Stomatin transgenic mice fed with high-fat diet exhibit obesity, insulin resistance and hepatic impairments; however, such phenotypes are not seen in transgenic animals fed with regular diet. Inhibitions of stomatin by gene knockdown or OB-1 inhibit adipogenic differentiation and LD growth through downregulation of PPARγ pathway. Effects of stomatin on PPARγ involves ERK signaling; however, an alternate pathway may also exist. Stomatin is a component of lipid rafts. Here, Wu et al. show that stomatin modulates the differentiation and functions of adipocytes by regulating adipogenesis signaling and fatty acid influx such that with excessive calorie intake, increased stomatin induces adiposity.
Collapse
|
7
|
De Fano M, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Vermigli C, Malara M, Galli F, Murdolo G. Adipose Tissue Plasticity in Response to Pathophysiological Cues: A Connecting Link between Obesity and Its Associated Comorbidities. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105511. [PMID: 35628322 PMCID: PMC9141504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) is a remarkably plastic and active organ with functional pleiotropism and high remodeling capacity. Although the expansion of fat mass, by definition, represents the hallmark of obesity, the dysregulation of the adipose organ emerges as the forefront of the link between adiposity and its associated metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The dysfunctional fat displays distinct biological signatures, which include enlarged fat cells, low-grade inflammation, impaired redox homeostasis, and cellular senescence. While these events are orchestrated in a cell-type, context-dependent and temporal manner, the failure of the adipose precursor cells to form new adipocytes appears to be the main instigator of the adipose dysregulation, which, ultimately, poses a deleterious milieu either by promoting ectopic lipid overspill in non-adipose targets (i.e., lipotoxicity) or by inducing an altered secretion of different adipose-derived hormones (i.e., adipokines and lipokines). This “adipocentric view” extends the previous “expandability hypothesis”, which implies a reduced plasticity of the adipose organ at the nexus between unhealthy fat expansion and the development of obesity-associated comorbidities. In this review, we will briefly summarize the potential mechanisms by which adaptive changes to variations of energy balance may impair adipose plasticity and promote fat organ dysfunction. We will also highlight the conundrum with the perturbation of the adipose microenvironment and the development of cardio-metabolic complications by focusing on adipose lipoxidation, inflammation and cellular senescence as a novel triad orchestrating the conspiracy to adipose dysfunction. Finally, we discuss the scientific rationale for proposing adipose organ plasticity as a target to curb/prevent adiposity-linked cardio-metabolic complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelatonio De Fano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Misericordia, Ospedale di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06081 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.F.); (C.T.); (C.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Desirèe Bartolini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (D.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Cristina Tortoioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Misericordia, Ospedale di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06081 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.F.); (C.T.); (C.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Cristiana Vermigli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Misericordia, Ospedale di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06081 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.F.); (C.T.); (C.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Massimo Malara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Misericordia, Ospedale di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06081 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.F.); (C.T.); (C.V.); (M.M.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Human Anatomy Laboratory, University of Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (D.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria Misericordia, Ospedale di Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli, 06081 Perugia, Italy; (M.D.F.); (C.T.); (C.V.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-(0)75-578-3301; Fax: +39-75-573-0855
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu Y, Wang Y, Qin S, Jin X, Jin L, Gu W, Mu Y. Insights Into Genome-Wide Association Study for Diabetes: A Bibliometric and Visual Analysis From 2001 to 2021. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:817620. [PMID: 35360064 PMCID: PMC8963272 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.817620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of research and review articles concerning genome-wide association study (GWAS) in diabetes have been published in the last two decades. We aimed to evaluate the hotspots and future trends in GWAS in diabetes research through bibliometric analysis. Accordingly, 567 research and review articles published between 2001 and 2021 were included. A rising trend was noted in the annual number of publications and citations on GWAS in diabetes during this period. Harvard University and Harvard Medical School have played leading roles in genome research. Hotspot analyses indicated that DNA methylation and genetic variation, especially in type 2 diabetes mellitus, are likely to remain the research hotspots. Moreover, the identification of genetic phenotypes associated with adiposity, metabolic memory, pancreatic islet, and inflammation is the leading trend in this research field. Through this review, we provide predictions on the main research trends in the future so as to shed light on new directions and ideas for further investigations on the genetic etiology of diabetes for its prevention and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Endocrinology, the Eighth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinye Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Nephrology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Academician Chen Xiangmei of Hainan Province Kidney Diseases Research Team Innovation Center, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzi Jin
- Department of International Medical Services, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weijun Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Medical Center of Chinese People’s Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Delaney KZ, Santosa S. Sex differences in regional adipose tissue depots pose different threats for the development of Type 2 diabetes in males and females. Obes Rev 2022; 23:e13393. [PMID: 34985183 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects males and females disproportionately. In midlife, more males have T2DM than females. The sex difference in T2DM prevalence is, in part, explained by differences in regional adipose tissue characteristics. With obesity, changes to regional adipokine and cytokine release increases the risk of T2DM in both males and females with males having greater levels of TNFα and females having greater levels of leptin, CRP, and adiponectin. Regional immune cell infiltration appears to be pathogenic in both sexes via different routes as males with obesity have greater VAT ATM and a decrease in the protective Treg cells, whereas females have greater SAT ATM and T cells. Lastly, the ability of female adipose tissue to expand all regions through hyperplasia, rather than hypertrophy, protects them against the development of large insulin-resistant adipocytes that dominate male adipose tissue. The objective of this review is to discuss how sex may affect regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and how these differences may distinguish the development of T2DM in males and females. In doing so, we will show that the origins of T2DM development differ between males and females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Z Delaney
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvia Santosa
- Department of Health, Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Metabolism, Obesity and Nutrition Lab, PERFORM Centre, Concordia University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Centre de recherche - Axe maladies chroniques, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Nord-de-l'Ile-de-Montréal, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ahmed SM, Nasr MA, Elshenawy SE, Hussein AE, El-Betar AH, Mohamed RH, El-Badri N. BCG vaccination and the risk of COVID 19: A possible correlation. Virology 2022; 565:73-81. [PMID: 34742127 PMCID: PMC8552046 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is currently used to prevent tuberculosis infection. The vaccine was found to enhance resistance to certain types of infection including positive sense RNA viruses. The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by positive sense RNA, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A higher mortality rate of COVID-19 patients was reported in countries where BCG vaccination is not routinely administered, when compared to the vaccinated ones. We hypothesized that BCG vaccine may control SARS-CoV2 infection via modulating the monocyte immune response. We analyzed GSE104149 dataset to investigate whether human monocytes of BCG-vaccinated individuals acquire resistance to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Differentially expressed genes obtained from the dataset were used to determine enriched pathways, biological processes, and molecular functions for monocytes post BCG vaccination. Our data show that BCG vaccine promotes a more effective immune response of monocytes against SARS-CoV2, but probably not sufficient to prevent the infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Ahmed
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Nasr
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Shimaa E Elshenawy
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Alaa E Hussein
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H El-Betar
- Department of Urology, Ahmed Maher Teaching Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Nagwa El-Badri
- Center of Excellence for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine (CESC), Zewail City of Science and Technology, October Gardens, 12582, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Geesala R, Issuree PD, Maretzky T. The Role of iRhom2 in Metabolic and Cardiovascular-Related Disorders. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:612808. [PMID: 33330676 PMCID: PMC7732453 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.612808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obesity is associated with metabolic imbalance leading to diabetes, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), in which inflammation is caused by exposure to inflammatory stimuli, such as accumulating sphingolipid ceramides or intracellular stress. This inflammatory response is likely to be prolonged by the effects of dietary and blood cholesterol, thereby leading to chronic low-grade inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are predictive of CVDs and have been widely studied for potential therapeutic strategies. The release of TNF is controlled by a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM) 17 and both are positively associated with CVDs. ADAM17 also cleaves most of the ligands of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which have been associated with hypertension, atherogenesis, vascular dysfunction, and cardiac remodeling. The inactive rhomboid protein 2 (iRhom2) regulates the ADAM17-dependent shedding of TNF in immune cells. In addition, iRhom2 also regulates the ADAM17-mediated cleavage of EGFR ligands such as amphiregulin and heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor. Targeting iRhom2 has recently become a possible alternative therapeutic strategy in chronic inflammatory diseases such as lupus nephritis and rheumatoid arthritis. However, what role this intriguing interacting partner of ADAM17 plays in the vasculature and how it functions in the pathologies of obesity and associated CVDs, are exciting questions that are only beginning to be elucidated. In this review, we discuss the role of iRhom2 in cardiovascular-related pathologies such as atherogenesis and obesity by providing an evaluation of known iRhom2-dependent cellular and inflammatory pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramasatyaveni Geesala
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Priya D Issuree
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Thorsten Maretzky
- Inflammation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kuhlmann C, Schenck TL, Haas EM, Giunta R, Wiggenhauser PS. [Current review of factors in the stem cell donor that influence the regenerative potential of adipose tissue-derived stem cells]. HANDCHIR MIKROCHIR P 2020; 52:521-532. [PMID: 33291167 DOI: 10.1055/a-1250-7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regenerative therapies like cell-assisted lipotransfer or preclinical experimental studies use adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) as the main therapeutic agent. But there are also factors depending on the clinical donor that influence the cell yield and regenerative potential of human ASCs and stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify and evaluate these factors according to current literature. METHODS For this purpose, a systematic literature review was performed with focus on factors affecting the regenerative potential of ASCs and SVF using the National Library of Medicine. RESULTS Currently, there is an abundance of studies regarding clinical donor factors influencing ASCs properties. But there is some contradiction and need for further investigation. Nevertheless, we identified several recurrent factors: age, sex, weight, diabetes, lipoedema, use of antidepressants, anti-hormonal therapy and chemotherapy. CONCLUSION We recommend characterisation of the ASC donor cohort in all publications, regardless of whether they are experimental studies or clinical trials. By these means, donor factors that influence experimental or clinical findings can be made transparent and results are more comparable. Moreover, this knowledge can be used for study design to form a homogenous donor cohort by precise clinical history and physical examination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Paul Severin Wiggenhauser
- Klinikum der Universität München, Abteilung Handchirurgie, Plastische Chirurgie, Ästhetische Chirurgie
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ganbold M, Ferdousi F, Arimura T, Tominaga K, Isoda H. New Amphiphilic Squalene Derivative Improves Metabolism of Adipocytes Differentiated From Diabetic Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Prevents Excessive Lipogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:577259. [PMID: 33251210 PMCID: PMC7672044 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.577259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Squalene (Sq) is a natural compound, found in various plant oils, algae, and larger quantity in deep-sea shark liver. It is also known as an intermediate of cholesterol synthesis in plants and animals including humans. Although evidences demonstrated its antioxidant, anticancer, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effects, its biological effects in cellular function might have been underestimated because of the water-insoluble property. To overcome this hydrophobicity, we synthesized new amphiphilic Sq derivative (HH-Sq). On the other hand, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a valuable source in regenerative medicine for its ease of accessibility and multilineage differentiation potential. Nevertheless, impaired cellular functions of ASCs derived from diabetic donor have still been debated controversially. In this study, we explored the effect of the HH-Sq in comparison to Sq on the adipocyte differentiation of ASCs obtained from subjects with type 2 diabetes. Gene expression profile by microarray analysis at 14 days of adipogenic differentiation revealed that HH-Sq induced more genes involved in intracellular signaling processes, whereas Sq activated more transmembrane receptor pathway-related genes. In addition, more important number of down-regulated and up-regulated genes by Sq and HH-Sq were not overlapped, suggesting the compounds might not only have difference in their chemical property but also potentially exert different biological effects. Both Sq and HH-Sq improved metabolism of adipocytes by enhancing genes associated with energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, SIRT1, PRKAA2, and IRS1. Interestingly, Sq increased significantly early adipogenic markers and lipogenic gene expression such as PPARG, SREBF1, and CEBPA, but not HH-Sq. As a consequence, smaller and fewer lipid droplet formation was observed in HH-Sq-treated adipocytes. Based on our findings, we report that both Sq and HH-Sq improved adipocyte metabolism, but only HH-Sq prevented excessive lipogenesis without abrogating adipocyte differentiation. The beneficial effect of HH-Sq provides an importance of synthesized derivatives from a natural compound with therapeutic potentials in the application of cell therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Munkhzul Ganbold
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Arimura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tominaga
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.,Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pomegranate flower extract bidirectionally regulates the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of 3T3-L1 cells through regulation of PPARγ expression mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 131:110769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
15
|
Tencerova M, Frost M, Figeac F, Nielsen TK, Ali D, Lauterlein JJL, Andersen TL, Haakonsson AK, Rauch A, Madsen JS, Ejersted C, Højlund K, Kassem M. Obesity-Associated Hypermetabolism and Accelerated Senescence of Bone Marrow Stromal Stem Cells Suggest a Potential Mechanism for Bone Fragility. Cell Rep 2020; 27:2050-2062.e6. [PMID: 31091445 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with increased risk for fragility fractures. However, the cellular mechanisms are unknown. Using a translational approach combining RNA sequencing and cellular analyses, we investigated bone marrow stromal stem cells (BM-MSCs) of 54 men divided into lean, overweight, and obese groups on the basis of BMI. Compared with BM-MSCs obtained from lean, obese BM-MSCs exhibited a shift of molecular phenotype toward committed adipocytic progenitors and increased expression of metabolic genes involved in glycolytic and oxidoreductase activity. Interestingly, compared with paired samples of peripheral adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (AT-MSCs), insulin signaling of obese BM-MSCs was enhanced and accompanied by increased abundance of insulin receptor positive (IR+) and leptin receptor positive (LEPR+) cells in BM-MSC cultures. Their hyper-activated metabolic state was accompanied by an accelerated senescence phenotype. Our data provide a plausible explanation for the bone fragility in obesity caused by enhanced insulin signaling leading to accelerated metabolic senescence of BM-MSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Tencerova
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Morten Frost
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Florence Figeac
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Tina Kamilla Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Dalia Ali
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jens-Jacob Lindegaard Lauterlein
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Levin Andersen
- Clinical Cell Biology, Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Anders Kristian Haakonsson
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; OPEN, Odense Patient Data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Alexander Rauch
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Jonna Skov Madsen
- Institute of Regional Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Lillebaelt Hospital, 7100 Vejle, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Ejersted
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kurt Højlund
- Steno Diabetes Center Odense, Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, KMEB, University of Southern Denmark and Odense University Hospital, 5000 Odense C, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, DanStem (Danish Stem Cell Center), Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Heinonen S, Jokinen R, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. White adipose tissue mitochondrial metabolism in health and in obesity. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e12958. [PMID: 31777187 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue is one of the largest organs of the body. It plays a key role in whole-body energy status and metabolism; it not only stores excess energy but also secretes various hormones and metabolites to regulate body energy balance. Healthy adipose tissue capable of expanding is needed for metabolic well-being and to prevent accumulation of triglycerides to other organs. Mitochondria govern several important functions in the adipose tissue. We review the derangements of mitochondrial function in white adipose tissue in the obese state. Downregulation of mitochondrial function or biogenesis in the white adipose tissue is a central driver for obesity-associated metabolic diseases. Mitochondrial functions compromised in obesity include oxidative functions and renewal and enlargement of the adipose tissue through recruitment and differentiation of adipocyte progenitor cells. These changes adversely affect whole-body metabolic health. Dysfunction of the white adipose tissue mitochondria in obesity has long-term consequences for the metabolism of adipose tissue and the whole body. Understanding the pathways behind mitochondrial dysfunction may help reveal targets for pharmacological or nutritional interventions that enhance mitochondrial biogenesis or function in adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sini Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Jokinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aila Rissanen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kirsi H Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Endocrinology, Abdominal Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cox AR, Chernis N, Masschelin PM, Hartig SM. Immune Cells Gate White Adipose Tissue Expansion. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1645-1658. [PMID: 31107528 PMCID: PMC6591013 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays a critical role in white adipose tissue (WAT) energy homeostasis and, by extension, whole-body metabolism. Substantial evidence from mouse and human studies firmly establishes that insulin sensitivity deteriorates as a result of subclinical inflammation in the adipose tissue of individuals with diabetes. However, the relationship between adipose tissue expandability and immune cell infiltration remains a complex problem important for understanding the pathogenesis of obesity. Notably, a large body of work challenges the idea that all immune responses are deleterious to WAT function. This review highlights recent advances that describe how immune cells and adipocytes coordinately enable WAT expansion and regulation of energy homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Cox
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Natasha Chernis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Peter M Masschelin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
- Correspondence: Sean M. Hartig, PhD, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, BCM185, Houston, Texas 77030. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Silva KR, Baptista LS. Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells from different adipose depots in obesity development. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:147-166. [PMID: 30949294 PMCID: PMC6441940 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i3.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of obesity is alarming because it is a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases (such as type 2 diabetes). The occurrence of these comorbidities in obese patients can arise from white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunctions, which affect metabolism, insulin sensitivity and promote local and systemic inflammation. In mammals, WAT depots at different anatomical locations (subcutaneous, preperitoneal and visceral) are highly heterogeneous in their morpho-phenotypic profiles and contribute differently to homeostasis and obesity development, depending on their ability to trigger and modulate WAT inflammation. This heterogeneity is likely due to the differential behavior of cells from each depot. Numerous studies suggest that adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ASC; referred to as adipose progenitor cells, in vivo) with depot-specific gene expression profiles and adipogenic and immunomodulatory potentials are keys for the establishment of the morpho-functional heterogeneity between WAT depots, as well as for the development of depot-specific responses to metabolic challenges. In this review, we discuss depot-specific ASC properties and how they can contribute to the pathophysiology of obesity and metabolic disorders, to provide guidance for researchers and clinicians in the development of ASC-based therapeutic approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karina Ribeiro Silva
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, Directory of Metrology Applied to Life Sciences, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Post-Graduation Program of Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25250-020, Brazil
- Multidisciplinary Center for Biological Research (Numpex-Bio), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Campus Duque de Caxias, Duque de Caxias, RJ 25245-390, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Rauch A, Haakonsson AK, Madsen JGS, Larsen M, Forss I, Madsen MR, Van Hauwaert EL, Wiwie C, Jespersen NZ, Tencerova M, Nielsen R, Larsen BD, Röttger R, Baumbach J, Scheele C, Kassem M, Mandrup S. Osteogenesis depends on commissioning of a network of stem cell transcription factors that act as repressors of adipogenesis. Nat Genet 2019; 51:716-727. [PMID: 30833796 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-019-0359-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal (stromal) stem cells (MSCs) constitute populations of mesodermal multipotent cells involved in tissue regeneration and homeostasis in many different organs. Here we performed comprehensive characterization of the transcriptional and epigenomic changes associated with osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation of human MSCs. We demonstrate that adipogenesis is driven by considerable remodeling of the chromatin landscape and de novo activation of enhancers, whereas osteogenesis involves activation of preestablished enhancers. Using machine learning algorithms for in silico modeling of transcriptional regulation, we identify a large and diverse transcriptional network of pro-osteogenic and antiadipogenic transcription factors. Intriguingly, binding motifs for these factors overlap with SNPs related to bone and fat formation in humans, and knockdown of single members of this network is sufficient to modulate differentiation in both directions, thus indicating that lineage determination is a delicate balance between the activities of many different transcription factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Rauch
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anders K Haakonsson
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jesper G S Madsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette Larsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Isabel Forss
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin R Madsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Elvira L Van Hauwaert
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Christian Wiwie
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Naja Z Jespersen
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michaela Tencerova
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ronni Nielsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjørk D Larsen
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Richard Röttger
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism and Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- Molecular Endocrinology and Stem Cell Research Unit (KMEB), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Odense University Hospital and Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susanne Mandrup
- Functional Genomics and Metabolism Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Parsons AM, Ciombor DM, Liu PY, Darling EM. Regenerative Potential and Inflammation-Induced Secretion Profile of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Cells Are Influenced by Donor Variability and Prior Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2018; 14:546-557. [PMID: 29663271 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-018-9813-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue contains a heterogeneous population of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells that work synergistically with resident cell types to enhance tissue healing. Ease of access and processing paired with therapeutic promise make SVF cells an attractive option for autologous applications in regenerative medicine. However, inherent variability in SVF cell therapeutic potential from one patient to another hinders prognosis determination for any one person. This study investigated the regenerative properties and inflammation responses of thirteen, medically diverse human donors. Using non-expanded primary lipoaspirate samples, SVF cells were assessed for robustness of several parameters integral to tissue regeneration, including yield, viability, self-renewal capacity, proliferation, differentiation potential, and immunomodulatory cytokine secretion. Each parameter was selected either for its role in regenerative potential, defined here as the ability to heal tissues through stem cell repopulation and subsequent multipotent differentiation, or for its potential role in wound healing through trophic immunomodulatory activity. These data were then analyzed for consistent and predictable patterns between and across measurements, while also investigating the influence of the donors' relevant medical histories, particularly if the donor was in remission following breast cancer treatment. Analyses identified positive correlations among the expression of three cytokines: interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. The expression of these cytokines also positively related to self-renewal capacity. These results are potentially relevant for establishing expectations in both preclinical experiments and targeted clinical treatment strategies that use stem cells from patients with diverse medical histories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne M Parsons
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, 175 Meeting Street, Box G-B397, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Deborah M Ciombor
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Paul Y Liu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Eric M Darling
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Physiology, and Biotechnology, Brown University, 175 Meeting Street, Box G-B397, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sadie-Van Gijsen H. Adipocyte biology: It is time to upgrade to a new model. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:2399-2425. [PMID: 30192004 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the obesity pandemic is profoundly affecting quality of life and economic productivity, but efforts to address this, especially on a pharmacological level, have generally proven unsuccessful to date, serving as a stark demonstration that our understanding of adipocyte biology and pathophysiology is incomplete. To deliver better insight into adipocyte function and obesity, we need improved adipocyte models with a high degree of fidelity in representing the in vivo state and with a diverse range of experimental applications. Adipocyte cell lines, especially 3T3-L1 cells, have been used extensively over many years, but these are limited in terms of relevance and versatility. In this review, I propose that primary adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) present a superior model with which to study adipocyte biology ex vivo. In particular, ASCs afford us the opportunity to study adipocytes from different, functionally distinct, adipose depots and to investigate, by means of in vivo/ex vivo studies, the effects of many different physiological and pathophysiological factors, such as age, body weight, hormonal status, diet and nutraceuticals, as well as disease and pharmacological treatments, on the biology of adipocytes and their precursors. This study will give an overview of the characteristics of ASCs and published studies utilizing ASCs, to highlight the areas where our knowledge is lacking. More comprehensive studies in primary ASCs will contribute to an improved understanding of adipose tissue, in healthy and dysfunctional states, which will enhance our efforts to more successfully manage and treat obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanél Sadie-Van Gijsen
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Parow, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Louwen F, Ritter A, Kreis NN, Yuan J. Insight into the development of obesity: functional alterations of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Obes Rev 2018. [PMID: 29521029 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is associated with a variety of disorders including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and cancer. Obesity changes the composition and structure of adipose tissue, linked to pro-inflammatory environment, endocrine/metabolic dysfunction, insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) have multiple functions like cell renewal, spontaneous repair and homeostasis in adipose tissue. In this review article, we have summarized the recent data highlighting that ASCs in obesity are defective in various functionalities and properties including differentiation, angiogenesis, motility, multipotent state, metabolism and immunomodulation. Inflammatory milieu, hypoxia and abnormal metabolites in obese tissue are crucial for impairing the functions of ASCs. Further work is required to explore the precise molecular mechanisms underlying its alterations and impairments. Based on these data, we suggest that deregulated ASCs, possibly also other mesenchymal stem cells, are important in promoting the development of obesity. Restoration of ASCs/mesenchymal stem cells might be an additional strategy to combat obesity and its associated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Louwen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - A Ritter
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - N N Kreis
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - J Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, J. W. Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cheng Y, Monteiro C, Matos A, You J, Fraga A, Pereira C, Catalán V, Rodríguez A, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Frühbeck G, Ribeiro R, Hu P. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiling of periprostatic adipose tissue in prostate cancer patients with excess adiposity-a pilot study. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:54. [PMID: 29692867 PMCID: PMC5904983 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0490-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periprostatic adipose tissue (PPAT) has been recognized to associate with prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness and progression. Here, we sought to investigate whether excess adiposity modulates the methylome of PPAT in PCa patients. DNA methylation profiling was performed in PPAT from obese/overweight (OB/OW, BMI > 25 kg m−2) and normal weight (NW, BMI < 25 kg m−2) PCa patients. Significant differences in methylated CpGs between OB/OW and NW groups were inferred by statistical modeling. Results Five thousand five hundred twenty-six differentially methylated CpGs were identified between OB/OW and NW PCa patients with 90.2% hypermethylated. Four hundred eighty-three of these CpGs were found to be located at both promoters and CpG islands, whereas the representing 412 genes were found to be involved in pluripotency of stem cells, fatty acid metabolism, and many other biological processes; 14 of these genes, particularly FADS1, MOGAT1, and PCYT2, with promoter hypermethylation presented with significantly decreased gene expression in matched samples. Additionally, 38 genes were correlated with antigen processing and presentation of endogenous antigen via MHC class I, which might result in fatty acid accumulation in PPAT and tumor immune evasion. Conclusions Results showed that the whole epigenome methylation profiles of PPAT were significantly different in OB/OW compared to normal weight PCa patients. The epigenetic variation associated with excess adiposity likely resulted in altered lipid metabolism and immune dysregulation, contributing towards unfavorable PCa microenvironment, thus warranting further validation studies in larger samples. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0490-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Cheng
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,2Experimental Center, Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Cátia Monteiro
- 3Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,Research Department, Portuguese League Against Cancer-North, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Matos
- 5Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,6Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions, i3S/INEB, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jiaying You
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Avelino Fraga
- 6Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions, i3S/INEB, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,7Department of Urology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- 3Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,8CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, e, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Victoria Catalán
- 9Metabolic Research Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,10CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- 9Metabolic Research Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,10CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Gómez-Ambrosi
- 9Metabolic Research Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,10CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- 9Metabolic Research Laboratory, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,10CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,11Department of Endocrinology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro
- 3Molecular Oncology Group, Portuguese Institute of Oncology, Porto, Portugal.,5Laboratory of Genetics and Environmental Health Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,6Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions, i3S/INEB, Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, and Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,12Department of Clinical Pathology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,13i3S/INEB, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde/Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Tumor & Microenvironment Interactions, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pingzhao Hu
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics & Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Lai F, Kakudo N, Morimoto N, Taketani S, Hara T, Ogawa T, Kusumoto K. Platelet-rich plasma enhances the proliferation of human adipose stem cells through multiple signaling pathways. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:107. [PMID: 29661222 PMCID: PMC5902971 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-0851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous blood product that contains a high concentration of several growth factors. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a potential mitogen for human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs). PRP stimulates proliferation of hASCs; however, the signaling pathways activated by PRP remain unclear. METHODS hASCs were cultured with or without PRP or PDGF-BB, and proliferation was assessed. hASCs were also treated with PRP or PDGF-BB with or without imatinib, which is a PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, or sorafenib, which is a multikinase inhibitor. Inhibition of cell proliferation was examined using anti-PDGF antibody (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), by cell counting. We assessed the effects of inhibitors of various protein kinases such as ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and Akt on the proliferation of hASCs. RESULTS The proliferation was remarkably promoted in cells treated with either 1% PRP or 10 ng/ml PDGF-BB, and both imatinib and sorafenib inhibited this proliferation. Anti-PDGF antibody (0.5 and 2 μg/ml) significantly decreased the proliferation of hASCs compared with control. PRP-mediated hASC proliferation was blocked by inhibitors of ERK1/2, Akt, and JNK, but not by an inhibitor of p38. CONCLUSIONS PRP promotes hASC proliferation, and PDGF-BB in PRP plays a major role in inducing the proliferation of hASCs. PRP promotes hASC proliferation via ERK1/2, PI3K/Akt, and JNK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Lai
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Natsuko Kakudo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Shigeru Taketani
- Department of Microbiology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Tomoya Hara
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan.,Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, Osaka, 573-1121, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| | - Kenji Kusumoto
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kansai Medical University, 2-5-1 Shin-machi, Hirakata, Osaka, 573-1010, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Romero M, Sabaté-Pérez A, Francis VA, Castrillón-Rodriguez I, Díaz-Ramos Á, Sánchez-Feutrie M, Durán X, Palacín M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Gustafson B, Hammarstedt A, Fernández-Real JM, Vendrell J, Smith U, Zorzano A. TP53INP2 regulates adiposity by activating β-catenin through autophagy-dependent sequestration of GSK3β. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:443-454. [PMID: 29593329 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0072-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive fat accumulation is a major risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other common conditions, including cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancer. Here, we identify a mechanism that regulates adiposity based on the activator of autophagy TP53INP2. We report that TP53INP2 is a negative regulator of adipogenesis in human and mouse preadipocytes. In keeping with this, TP53INP2 ablation in mice caused enhanced adiposity, which was characterized by greater cellularity of subcutaneous adipose tissue and increased expression of master adipogenic genes. TP53INP2 modulates adipogenesis through autophagy-dependent sequestration of GSK3β into late endosomes. GSK3β sequestration was also dependent on ESCRT activity. As a result, TP53INP2 promotes greater β-catenin levels and induces the transcriptional activity of TCF/LEF transcription factors. These results demonstrate a link between autophagy, sequestration of GSK3β into late endosomes and inhibition of adipogenesis in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Montserrat Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Sabaté-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor A Francis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Castrillón-Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángels Díaz-Ramos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuela Sánchez-Feutrie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Durán
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Joan XXIII, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Palacín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Moreno-Navarrete
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Girona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit Gustafson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann Hammarstedt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - José Manuel Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Girona (IdIBGi), Hospital of Girona 'Dr Josep Trueta', Girona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Vendrell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Joan XXIII, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ulf Smith
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khadir A, Kavalakatt S, Cherian P, Warsame S, Abubaker JA, Dehbi M, Tiss A. Physical Exercise Enhanced Heat Shock Protein 60 Expression and Attenuated Inflammation in the Adipose Tissue of Human Diabetic Obese. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:16. [PMID: 29467719 PMCID: PMC5808138 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is a key protein in the crosstalk between cellular stress and inflammation. However, the status of HSP60 in diabetes and obesity is unclear. In the present study, we investigated the hypothesis that HSP60 expression levels in the adipose tissue of human obese adults with and without diabetes are different and physical exercise might affect these levels. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and blood samples were collected from obese adults with and without diabetes (n = 138 and n = 92, respectively, at baseline; n = 43 for both groups after 3 months of physical exercise). Conventional RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to assess the expression and secretion of HSP60. Compared with obese adults without diabetes, HSP60 mRNA and protein levels were decreased in SAT in diabetic obese together with increased inflammatory marker expression and glycemic levels but lower VO2 Max. More interestingly, a 3-month physical exercise differentially affected HSP60 expression and the heat shock response but attenuated inflammation in both groups, as reflected by decreased endogenous levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. Indeed, HSP60 expression levels in SAT were significantly increased by exercise in the diabetes group, whereas they were decreased in the non-diabetes group. These results were further confirmed using immunofluorescence microscopy and anti-HSP60 antibody in SAT. Exercise had only marginal effects on HSP60 secretion and HSP60 autoantibody levels in plasma in both obese with and without diabetes. Physical exercise differentially alleviates cellular stress in obese adults with and without diabetes despite concomitant attenuation of the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkrim Khadir
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Sina Kavalakatt
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Preethi Cherian
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Samia Warsame
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Mohammed Dehbi
- Diabetes Research Centre, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Tiss
- Research Division, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
LNK deficiency aggravates palmitate-induced preadipocyte apoptosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 490:91-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
28
|
Varghese J, Griffin M, Mosahebi A, Butler P. Systematic review of patient factors affecting adipose stem cell viability and function: implications for regenerative therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:45. [PMID: 28241882 PMCID: PMC5329955 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0483-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The applications for fat grafting have increased recently, within both regenerative and reconstructive surgery. Although fat harvesting, processing and injection techniques have been extensively studied and standardised, this has not had a big impact on the variability of outcome following fat grafting. This suggests a possible larger role of patient characteristics on adipocyte and adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) viability and function. This systematic review aims to collate current evidence on the effect of patient factors on adipocyte and ADSC behaviour. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and EMBASE. It includes outcomes observed in in vitro analyses, in vivo animal studies and clinical studies. Data from basic science work have been included in the discussion to enhance our understanding of the mechanism behind ADSC behaviour. RESULTS A total of 41 papers were included in this review. Accumulating evidence indicates decreased proliferation and differentiation potential of ADSCs with increasing age, body mass index, diabetes mellitus and exposure to radiotherapy and Tamoxifen, although this was not uniformly seen across all studies. Gender, donor site preference, HIV status and chemotherapy did not show a significant influence on fat retention. Circulating oestrogen levels have been shown to support both adipocyte function and graft viability. Evidence so far suggests no significant impact of total cholesterol, hypertension, renal disease, physical exercise and peripheral vascular disease on ADSC yield. CONCLUSIONS A more uniform comparison of all factors highlighted in this review, with the application of a combination of tests for each outcome measure, is essential to fully understand factors that affect adipocyte and ADSC viability, as well as functionality. As these patient factors interact, future studies looking at adipocyte viability need to take them into consideration for conclusions to be meaningful. This would provide crucial information for surgeons when deciding appropriate volumes of lipoaspirate to inject, improve patient selection, and counsel patient expectations with regards to outcomes and likelihood for repeat procedures. An improved understanding will also assist in identification of patient groups that would benefit from graft enrichment and cryopreservation techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jajini Varghese
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afshin Mosahebi
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter Butler
- Charles Wolfson Center for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,UCL Centre for Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
HO-1 inhibits preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation at the onset of obesity via ROS dependent activation of Akt2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40881. [PMID: 28102348 PMCID: PMC5244367 DOI: 10.1038/srep40881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a hallmark of obesity. The expansion of WAT in obesity involves proliferation and differentiation of adipose precursors, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used an unbiased transcriptomics approach to identify the earliest molecular underpinnings occuring in adipose precursors following a brief HFD in mice. Our analysis identifies Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as strongly and selectively being upregulated in the adipose precursor fraction of WAT, upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Specific deletion of HO-1 in adipose precursors of Hmox1fl/flPdgfraCre mice enhanced HFD-dependent visceral adipose precursor proliferation and differentiation. Mechanistically, HO-1 reduces HFD-induced AKT2 phosphorylation via ROS thresholding in mitochondria to reduce visceral adipose precursor proliferation. HO-1 influences adipogenesis in a cell-autonomous way by regulating
events early in adipogenesis, during the process of mitotic clonal expansion, upstream of Cebpα and PPARγ. Similar effects on human preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro were observed upon modulation of HO-1 expression. This collectively renders HO-1 as an essential factor linking extrinsic factors (HFD) with inhibition of specific downstream molecular mediators (ROS & AKT2), resulting in diminished adipogenesis that may contribute to hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion.
Collapse
|
30
|
DHL-HisZn, a novel antioxidant, enhances adipogenic differentiation and antioxidative response in adipose-derived stem cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:1601-1609. [PMID: 27825800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have the capacity to differentiate into specific mesenchymal cell lineages including adipocytes in response to environmental cues. Dysfunctional adipose tissue, rather than an excess of adipose tissue, has been proposed as a key factor in the pathogenesis of obesity-related diseases. The insulin-sensitizing effects of antidiabetic drugs are mediated by activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). Here, we investigated the effects of sodium zinc histidine dithiooctanamide (DHL-HisZn), a strong antioxidant, on PPARγ activation, adipocyte differentiation and insulin sensitivity. Additionally, the effects of DHL-HisZn on cellular antioxidant response and inflammatory cytokine production were also evaluated. In ASCs, DHL-HisZn enhanced adipocyte differentiation and PPARγ expression in a dose-dependent manner. DHL-HisZn also increased the relative abundance of insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and adiponectin mRNA. Furthermore, DHL-HisZn upregulated PPARγ downstream target gene expression. In addition, treatment with DHL-HisZn upregulated mRNA levels of endogenous antioxidants, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR). DHL-HisZn treatment enhanced insulin signaling and inhibited NF-κB activation, which subsequently suppressed inflammatory cytokine IL-6 expression. Our results indicate that DHL-HisZn enhances insulin sensitivity in adipocytes by increasing the expression of GLUT4 and IRS-1 via the activation of PPARγ and improving the antioxidant response during adipogenic differentiation. Therefore, DHL-HisZn may have the capability to reduce insulin resistance.
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim YH, Barclay JL, He J, Luo X, O'Neill HM, Keshvari S, Webster JA, Ng C, Hutley LJ, Prins JB, Whitehead JP. Identification of carboxypeptidase X (CPX)-1 as a positive regulator of adipogenesis. FASEB J 2016; 30:2528-40. [PMID: 27006448 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500107r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue expansion occurs through a combination of hypertrophy of existing adipocytes and generation of new adipocytes via the process of hyperplasia, which involves the proliferation and subsequent differentiation of preadipocytes. Deficiencies in hyperplasia contribute to adipose tissue dysfunction and the association of obesity with chronic cardiometabolic diseases. Thus, increased understanding of hyperplastic pathways may be expected to afford novel therapeutic strategies. We have reported that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-1 promotes proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes and recently demonstrated that bone morphogenetic protein and activin membrane-bound inhibitor (BAMBI) is a central, proximal effector. Herein, we describe the identification and characterization of carboxypeptidase X (CPX)-1, a secreted collagen-binding glycoprotein, as a novel downstream effector in human primary and Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome preadipocytes. CPX-1 expression increased after treatment of preadipocytes with FGF-1, BAMBI knockdown, or induction of differentiation. CPX-1 knockdown compromised preadipocyte differentiation coincident with reduced collagen expression. Furthermore, preadipocytes differentiated on matrix derived from CPX-1 knockdown cells exhibited reduced Glut4 expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Finally, CPX-1 expression was increased in adipose tissue from obese mice and humans. Collectively, these findings establish CPX-1 as a positive regulator of adipogenesis situated downstream of FGF-1/BAMBI that may contribute to hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion via affecting extracellular matrix remodeling.-Kim, Y.-H., Barclay, J. L., He, J., Luo, X., O'Neill, H. M., Keshvari, S., Webster, J. A., Ng, C., Hutley, L. J., Prins, J. B., Whitehead, J. P. Identification of carboxypeptidase X (CPX)-1 as a positive regulator of adipogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hee Kim
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johanna L Barclay
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jingjing He
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Xiao Luo
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hayley M O'Neill
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sahar Keshvari
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Julie A Webster
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Choaping Ng
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise J Hutley
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes B Prins
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jonathan P Whitehead
- Metabolic Medicine Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rodríguez A, Ezquerro S, Méndez-Giménez L, Becerril S, Frühbeck G. Revisiting the adipocyte: a model for integration of cytokine signaling in the regulation of energy metabolism. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E691-714. [PMID: 26330344 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00297.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue constitutes an extremely active endocrine organ with a network of signaling pathways enabling the organism to adapt to a wide range of different metabolic challenges, such as starvation, stress, infection, and short periods of gross energy excess. The functional pleiotropism of adipose tissue relies on its ability to synthesize and release a huge variety of hormones, cytokines, complement and growth factors, extracellular matrix proteins, and vasoactive factors, collectively termed adipokines. Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction leading to the onset of several pathologies including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver, or hypertension, among others. The mechanisms underlying the development of obesity and its associated comorbidities include the hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of adipocytes, adipose tissue inflammation, impaired extracellular matrix remodeling, and fibrosis together with an altered secretion of adipokines. Recently, the potential role of brown and beige adipose tissue in the protection against obesity has been also recognized. In contrast to white adipocytes, which store energy in the form of fat, brown and beige fat cells display energy-dissipating capacity through the promotion of triacylglycerol clearance, glucose disposal, and generation of heat for thermogenesis. Identification of the morphological and molecular changes in white, beige, and brown adipose tissue during weight gain is of utmost relevance for the identification of pharmacological targets for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Ezquerro
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Méndez-Giménez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Sara Becerril
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; and Obesity and Adipobiology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
ClC-3 deficiency protects preadipocytes against apoptosis induced by palmitate in vitro and in type 2 diabetes mice. Apoptosis 2014; 19:1559-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
34
|
Murdolo G, Angeli F, Reboldi G, Di Giacomo L, Aita A, Bartolini C, Vedecchia P. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Obesity: Only a Matter of Fat? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2014; 22:29-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s40292-014-0068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
35
|
Lessard J, Laforest S, Pelletier M, Leboeuf M, Blackburn L, Tchernof A. Low abdominal subcutaneous preadipocyte adipogenesis is associated with visceral obesity, visceral adipocyte hypertrophy, and a dysmetabolic state. Adipocyte 2014; 3:197-205. [PMID: 25068086 PMCID: PMC4110096 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipose tissue expansion through adipogenesis is increasingly recognized as a major determinant of body fat distribution and obesity-related cardiometabolic alterations. Our objective was to assess whether adipogenic rates of cultured human primary preadipocytes from the visceral and subcutaneous compartments relate to visceral obesity and cardiometabolic alterations. We recruited 35 women undergoing gynecological surgery and assessed body fat distribution by CT as well as fasting plasma lipids and glycemia. Fat samples from the greater omentum and abdominal subcutaneous (SC) compartments were used to assess mature adipocyte cell size and establish primary preadipocyte cultures. Differentiation was induced using adipogenic media and adipogenic rates were assessed using Oil Red O (ORO) absorbance/DNA content ratio and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) activity/DNA of differentiated cells. We found a lower adipogenic capacity of omental (OM) preadipocytes than SC preadipocytes originating from the same women (P < 0.05). Whereas only OM cell size was different among groups of low vs high OM adipogenic rate, SC adipogenic rates were clearly related to increased OM cell size and dyslipidemia when women were separated on median value of either ORO/DNA or G3PDH activity/DNA ratios. When matched for BMI, women with low SC preadipocyte adipogenic rates had a higher visceral adipose tissue area (P < 0.01), omental adipocyte hypertrophy (P < 0.05), higher VLDL-lipid content (P < 0.01) and higher fasting glycemia (P < 0.05) than those with low SC adipogenic rates. In conclusion, low abdominal subcutaneous preadipocyte differentiation capacity in vitro is associated with visceral obesity, visceral adipocyte hypertrophy, and a dysmetabolic state.
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang J, Badeanlou L, Bielawski J, Ciaraldi TP, Samad F. Sphingosine kinase 1 regulates adipose proinflammatory responses and insulin resistance. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E756-68. [PMID: 24473437 PMCID: PMC3962613 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00549.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adipose dysfunction resulting from chronic inflammation and impaired adipogenesis has increasingly been recognized as a major contributor to obesity-mediated insulin resistance, but the molecular mechanisms that maintain healthy adipocytes and limit adipose inflammation remain unclear. Here, we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to delineate a novel role for sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1) in metabolic disorders associated with obesity. SK1 phosphorylates sphingosine to form sphingosine 1 phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid with numerous roles in inflammation. SK1 mRNA expression was increased in adipose tissue of diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and obese type 2 diabetic humans. In DIO mice, SK1 deficiency increased markers of adipogenesis and adipose gene expression of the anti-inflammatory molecules IL-10 and adiponectin and reduced adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) recruitment and proinflammatory molecules TNFα and IL-6. These changes were associated with enhanced insulin signaling in adipose and muscle and improved systemic insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance in SK1(-/-) mice. Specific pharmacological inhibition of SK1 in WT DIO mice also reduced adipocyte and ATM inflammation and improved overall glucose homeostasis. These data suggest that the SK1-S1P axis could be an attractive target for the development of treatments to ameliorate adipose inflammation and insulin resistance associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, San Diego, California
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Heinonen S, Saarinen L, Naukkarinen J, Rodríguez A, Frühbeck G, Hakkarainen A, Lundbom J, Lundbom N, Vuolteenaho K, Moilanen E, Arner P, Hautaniemi S, Suomalainen A, Kaprio J, Rissanen A, Pietiläinen KH. Adipocyte morphology and implications for metabolic derangements in acquired obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38:1423-31. [PMID: 24549139 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipocyte size and number have been suggested to predict the development of metabolic complications in obesity. However, the genetic and environmental determinants behind this phenomenon remain unclear. METHODS We studied this question in rare-weight discordant (intra-pair difference (Δ) body mass index (BMI) 3-10 kg m(-2), n=15) and concordant (ΔBMI 0-2 kg m(-)(2), n=5) young adult (22-35 years) monozygotic twin pairs identified from 10 birth cohorts of Finnish twins (n=5 500 pairs). Subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size from surgical biopsies was measured under a light microscope. Adipocyte number was calculated from cell size and total body fat (D × A). RESULTS The concordant pairs were remarkably similar for adipocyte size and number (intra-class correlations 0.91-0.92, P<0.01), suggesting a strong genetic control of these measures. In the discordant pairs, the obese co-twins (BMI 30.6 ± 0.9 kg m(-2)) had significantly larger adipocytes (volume 547 ± 59 pl), than the lean co-twins (24.9 ± 0.9 kg m(-)(2); 356 ± 34 pl, P<0.001). In 8/15 pairs, the obese co-twins had less adipocytes than their co-twins. These hypoplastic obese twins had significantly higher liver fat (spectroscopy), homeostatic model assessment-index, C-reactive protein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol than their lean co-twins. Hyperplastic obesity was observed in the rest (7/15) of the pairs, obese and lean co-twins having similar metabolic measures. In all pairs, Δadipocyte volume correlated positively and Δcell number correlated negatively with Δhomeostatic model assessment-index and Δlow-density lipoprotein, independent of Δbody fat. Transcripts most significantly correlating with Δadipocyte volume were related to a reduced mitochondrial function, membrane modifications, to DNA damage and cell death. CONCLUSIONS Together, hypertrophy and hypoplasia in acquired obesity are related to metabolic dysfunction, possibly through disturbances in mitochondrial function and increased cell death within the adipose tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Heinonen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - L Saarinen
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Naukkarinen
- 1] Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Rodríguez
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, & CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - G Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, & CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A Hakkarainen
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Lundbom
- Helsinki Medical Imaging Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Vuolteenaho
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - E Moilanen
- The Immunopharmacology Research Group, University of Tampere School of Medicine and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Arner
- Lipid Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Hautaniemi
- Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Institute of Biomedicine, Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Suomalainen
- Research Program of Molecular Neurology and Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Kaprio
- 1] FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Twin Cohort Study, Department of Public Health, Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Finland [3] National Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Rissanen
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K H Pietiläinen
- 1] Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, Diabetes and Obesity, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] FIMM, Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Hirai S, Ohyane C, Kim YI, Lin S, Goto T, Takahashi N, Kim CS, Kang J, Yu R, Kawada T. Involvement of mast cells in adipose tissue fibrosis. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E247-55. [PMID: 24326418 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00056.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Recently, fibrosis is observed in obese adipose tissue; however, the pathogenesis remains to be clarified. Obese adipose tissue is characterized by chronic inflammation with massive accumulation of immune cells including mast cells. The objective of the present study was to clarify the relationship between fibrosis and mast cells in obese adipose tissue, as well as to determine the origin of infiltrating mast cells. We observed the enhancement of mast cell accumulation and fibrosis in adipose tissue of severely obese diabetic db/db mice. Furthermore, adipose tissue-conditioned medium (ATCM) from severely obese diabetic db/db mice significantly enhanced collagen 5 mRNA expression in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, and this enhancement was suppressed by the addition of an anti-mast cell protease 6 (MCP-6) antibody. An in vitro study showed that only collagen V among various types of collagen inhibited preadipocyte differentiation. Moreover, we found that ATCM from the nonobese but not obese stages of db/db mice significantly enhanced the migration of bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). These findings suggest that immature mast cells that infiltrate into adipose tissue at the nonobese stage gradually mature with the progression of obesity and diabetes and that MCP-6 secreted from mature mast cells induces collagen V expression in obese adipose tissue, which may contribute to the process of adipose tissue fibrosis. Induction of collagen V by MCP-6 might accelerate insulin resistance via the suppression of preadipocyte differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Hirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Function of Food, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ferrer-Lorente R, Bejar MT, Tous M, Vilahur G, Badimon L. Systems biology approach to identify alterations in the stem cell reservoir of subcutaneous adipose tissue in a rat model of diabetes: effects on differentiation potential and function. Diabetologia 2014; 57:246-56. [PMID: 24132782 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-3081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Autologous progenitor cells represent a promising option for regenerative cell-based therapies. Nevertheless, it has been shown that ageing and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes affect circulating endothelial and bone marrow-derived progenitor cells, limiting their therapeutic potential. However, their impact on other stem cell populations remains unclear. We therefore investigated the effects of diabetes on adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and whether these effects might limit the therapeutic potential of autologous ASCs. METHODS A systems biology approach was used to analyse the expression of genes related to stem cell identification in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), the stromal vascular fraction and isolated ASCs from Zucker diabetic fatty rats and their non-diabetic controls. An additional model of type 2 diabetes without obesity was also investigated. Bioinformatic approaches were used to investigate the biological significance of these changes. In addition, functional studies on cell viability and differentiation potential were performed. RESULTS Widespread downregulation of mesenchymal stem cell markers was observed in SAT of diabetic rats. Gene expression and in silico analysis revealed a significant effect on molecules involved in the maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal, and on the alteration of main signalling pathways important for stem cell maintenance. The viability and differentiation potential of ASCs from diabetic rats was impaired in in vitro models and in in vivo angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The impact of type 2 diabetes on ASCs might compromise the efficiency of spontaneous self-repair and direct autologous stem cell therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ferrer-Lorente
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (UAB), C/Sant Antoni Maria Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Murdolo G, Bartolini D, Tortoioli C, Piroddi M, Iuliano L, Galli F. Lipokines and oxysterols: novel adipose-derived lipid hormones linking adipose dysfunction and insulin resistance. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 65:811-820. [PMID: 23954331 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The expansion of adipose tissue (AT) is, by definition, a hallmark of obesity. However, not all increases in fat mass are associated with pathophysiological cues. Indeed, whereas a "healthy" fat mass accrual, mainly in the subcutaneous depots, preserves metabolic homeostasis, explaining the occurrence of the metabolically healthy obese phenotype, "unhealthy" AT expansion is importantly associated with insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The development of a dysfunctional adipose organ may find mechanistic explanation in a reduced ability to recruit new and functional (pre)adipocytes from undifferentiated precursor cells. Such a failure of the adipogenic process underlies the "AT expandability" paradigm. The inability of AT to expand further to store excess nutrients, rather than obesity per se, induces a diabetogenic milieu by promoting the overflow and the ectopic deposition of fatty acids in insulin-dependent organs (i.e., lipotoxicity), the secretion of various metabolically detrimental adipose-derived hormones (i.e., adipokines and lipokines), and the occurrence of local and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Hitherto, fatty acids (i.e., lipokines) and the oxidation by-products of cholesterol and polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as nonenzymatic oxysterols and reactive aldehyde species, respectively, emerge as key modulators of (pre)adipocyte signaling through Wnt/β-catenin and MAPK pathways and potential regulators of glucose homeostasis. These and other mechanistic insights linking adipose dysfunction, oxidative stress, and impairment of glucose homeostasis are discussed in this review article, which focuses on adipose peroxidation as a potential instigator of, and a putative therapeutic target for, obesity-associated metabolic dysfunctions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assisi Hospital, I-06081 Assisi, Perugia, Italy; Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrine, and Metabolic Sciences, Italy.
| | - Desirée Bartolini
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Marta Piroddi
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Iuliano
- Unit of Vascular Medicine, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Francesco Galli
- Section of Applied Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Perugia University, Perugia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oñate B, Vilahur G, Camino-López S, Díez-Caballero A, Ballesta-López C, Ybarra J, Moscatiello F, Herrero J, Badimon L. Stem cells isolated from adipose tissue of obese patients show changes in their transcriptomic profile that indicate loss in stemcellness and increased commitment to an adipocyte-like phenotype. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:625. [PMID: 24040759 PMCID: PMC3848661 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The adipose tissue is an endocrine regulator and a risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease when by excessive accumulation induces obesity. Although the adipose tissue is also a reservoir for stem cells (ASC) their function and "stemcellness" has been questioned. Our aim was to investigate the mechanisms by which obesity affects subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) stem cells. RESULTS Transcriptomics, in silico analysis, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blots were performed on isolated stem cells from subcutaneous abdominal WAT of morbidly obese patients (ASCmo) and of non-obese individuals (ASCn). ASCmo and ASCn gene expression clustered separately from each other. ASCmo showed downregulation of "stemness" genes and upregulation of adipogenic and inflammatory genes with respect to ASCn. Moreover, the application of bioinformatics and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) showed that the transcription factor Smad3 was tentatively affected in obese ASCmo. Validation of this target confirmed a significantly reduced Smad3 nuclear translocation in the isolated ASCmo. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptomic profile of the stem cells reservoir in obese subcutaneous WAT is highly modified with significant changes in genes regulating stemcellness, lineage commitment and inflammation. In addition to body mass index, cardiovascular risk factor clustering further affect the ASC transcriptomic profile inducing loss of multipotency and, hence, capacity for tissue repair. In summary, the stem cells in the subcutaneous WAT niche of obese patients are already committed to adipocyte differentiation and show an upregulated inflammatory gene expression associated to their loss of stemcellness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Oñate
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, IIB-Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Body fat distribution and insulin resistance. Nutrients 2013; 5:2019-27. [PMID: 23739143 PMCID: PMC3725490 DOI: 10.3390/nu5062019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The burden of obesity has increased globally over the last few decades and its association with insulin resistance and related cardio-metabolic problems have adversely affected our ability to reduce population morbidity and mortality. Traditionally, adipose tissue in the visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in the development of insulin resistance. However, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of subcutaneous truncal/abdominal adipose tissue in the development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in the functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal vs. intraabdominal vs. gluteo-femoral fat depots. More recently, mounting evidence has been supporting the role of adipose tissue function in the development of metabolic complications independent of adipose tissue volume or distribution. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger a vicious cycle of inflammation leading to subcutaneous adipose tissue dysfunction and ectopic fat deposition. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice to improve adipose tissue function and avoid development of insulin resistance and related cardio-metabolic complications.
Collapse
|
43
|
Rossmeislová L, Malisová L, Kracmerová J, Tencerová M, Kovácová Z, Koc M, Siklová-Vítková M, Viquerie N, Langin D, Stich V. Weight loss improves the adipogenic capacity of human preadipocytes and modulates their secretory profile. Diabetes 2013; 62:1990-5. [PMID: 23378611 PMCID: PMC3661637 DOI: 10.2337/db12-0986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Calorie restriction-induced weight loss is accompanied by profound changes in adipose tissue characteristics. To determine the effect of weight loss on differentiation of preadipocytes and secretory capacity of in vitro differentiated adipocytes, we established cultures of these cells from paired subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies obtained before and at the end of weight-reducing dietary intervention (DI) in 23 obese women. Based on lipid accumulation and the expression of differentiation markers, in vitro adipogenesis increased after weight loss and it was accompanied by enhanced expression of genes involved in de novo lipogenesis. This effect of weight loss was not driven by changes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ sensitivity to rosiglitazone. Weight loss also enhanced the expression of adiponectin and leptin while reducing that of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 and interleukin-8 by cultured adipocytes. Thus, the weight-reducing (DI) increased adipogenic capacity of preadipocytes and shifted their secretion toward lower inflammatory profile. Reprogramming of preadipocytes could represent an adaptation to weight loss leading to partial restoration of preobese adipose tissue traits and thus contribute to the improvement of metabolic status. However, enhanced adipogenesis could also contribute to the unwanted weight regain after initial weight loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rossmeislová
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research on Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic, and INSERM, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dhurandhar NV. Insulin sparing action of adenovirus 36 and its E4orf1 protein. J Diabetes Complications 2013; 27:191-9. [PMID: 23246247 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2012.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 09/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Additional drugs are required to effectively manage diabetes and its complications. Recent studies have revealed protective effects of Ad36, a human adenovirus, and its E4orf1 protein on glucose disposal, which may be creatively harnessed to develop novel anti-diabetic agents. Experimental Ad36 infection improves hyperglycemia in animal models and natural Ad36 infection in humans is associated with better glycemic control. Available data indicate distinctive advantages for a drug that may mimic the action of Ad36/E4orf1. The key features of such a potential drug include the ability to increase glucose uptake by adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, to reduce hepatic glucose output independent of proximal insulin signaling, and to up-regulate adiponectin and its hepatic action. The effect of Ad36/E4orf1 on hepatocyte metabolism suggests a role for treating hepatic steatosis. Despite these potential advantages, considerable research is required before such a drug is developed. The in vivo efficacy and safety of E4orf1 in improving hyperglycemia remain unknown, and an appropriate drug delivery system is required. Nonetheless, Ad36 E4orf1 offers a research opportunity to develop a new anti-diabetic agent with multiple potential advantages and conceptually advances the use of a rather unconventional source, microbial proteins, for anti-diabetic drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil V Dhurandhar
- Infections and Obesity laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Patel P, Abate N. Role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. J Obes 2013; 2013:489187. [PMID: 23691287 PMCID: PMC3649613 DOI: 10.1155/2013/489187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Burden of obesity has increased significantly in the United States over last few decades. Association of obesity with insulin resistance and related cardiometabolic problems is well established. Traditionally, adipose tissue in visceral fat depot has been considered a major culprit in development of insulin resistance. However, growing body of the literature has suggested that adipose tissue in subcutaneous fat depot, not only due to larger volume but also due to inherent functional characteristics, can have significant impact on development of insulin resistance. There are significant differences in functional characteristics of subcutaneous abdominal/truncal versus gluteofemoral depots. Decreased capacity for adipocyte differentiation and angiogenesis along with adipocyte hypertrophy can trigger vicious cycle of inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue and subsequent ectopic fat deposition. It is important to shift focus from fat content to functional heterogeneity in adipose tissue depots to better understand the relative role of subcutaneous adipose tissue in metabolic complications of obesity. Therapeutic lifestyle change continues to be the most important intervention in clinical practice at any level of increased adiposity. Future pharmaceutical interventions aimed at improving adipose tissue function in various subcutaneous depots have potential to help maintain adequate insulin sensitivity and reduce risk for development of insulin resistance complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavankumar Patel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Institute for Translational Science (ITS), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA
| | - Nicola Abate
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Institute for Translational Science (ITS), University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77555-1060, USA
- *Nicola Abate:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Goedecke JH, Levitt NS, Evans J, Ellman N, Hume DJ, Kotze L, Tootla M, Victor H, Keswell D. The role of adipose tissue in insulin resistance in women of African ancestry. J Obes 2013; 2013:952916. [PMID: 23401754 PMCID: PMC3557633 DOI: 10.1155/2013/952916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Women of African ancestry, particularly those living in industrialized countries, experience a disproportionately higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared to their white counterparts. Similarly, obesity and insulin resistance, which are major risk factors for T2D, are greater in black compared to white women. The exact mechanisms underlying these phenomena are not known. This paper will focus on the role of adipose tissue biology. Firstly, the characteristic body fat distribution of women of African ancestry will be discussed, followed by the depot-specific associations with insulin resistance. Factors involved in adipose tissue biology and their relation to insulin sensitivity will then be explored, including the role of sex hormones, glucocorticoid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis, and their consequent effects on adipose tissue hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Finally the role of ectopic fat deposition will be discussed. The paper proposes directions for future research, in particular highlighting the need for longitudinal and/or intervention studies to better understand the mechanisms underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and T2D in women of African ancestry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, South African Medical Research Council, Parow, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Murdolo G, Piroddi M, Luchetti F, Tortoioli C, Canonico B, Zerbinati C, Galli F, Iuliano L. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation by-products at the crossroad between adipose organ dysregulation and obesity-linked insulin resistance. Biochimie 2012; 95:585-94. [PMID: 23274128 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2012.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been proposed as an energy balance disorder in which the expansion of adipose tissue (AT) leads to unfavorable health outcomes. Even though adiposity represents the most powerful driving force for the development of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes, mounting evidence points to "adipose dysregulation", rather than fat mass accrual per se, as a key pathophysiological trigger of the obesity-linked metabolic complications. The dysfunctional fat, besides hypertrophic adipose cells and inflammatory cues, displays a reduced ability to form new adipocytes from the undifferentiated precursor cells (ie, the preadipocytes). The failure of adipogenesis poses a "diabetogenic" milieu either by promoting the ectopic overflow/deposition of lipids in non-adipose targets (lipotoxicity) or by inducing a dysregulated secretion of different adipose-derived hormones (ie, adipokines and lipokines). This novel and provocative paradigm ("expandability hypothesis") further extends current "adipocentric view" implicating a reduced adipogenic capacity as a missing link between "unhealthy" fat expansion and impairment of metabolic homeostasis. Hitherto, reactive oxygen species have been implicated in multiple forms of IR. However, the effects of stress on adipogenesis remain controversial. Compelling circumstantial data indicate that lipid peroxidation by-products (ie, oxysterols and 4-hydrononenal) may detrimentally affect adipose homeostasis partly by impairing (pre)adipocyte differentiation. In this scenario, it is tempting to speculate that a fine tuning of the adipose redox status may provide new mechanistic insights at the interface between fat dysregulation and development of metabolic dysfunctions. Yet, in humans, the molecular "signatures" of oxidative stress in the dysregulated fat as well as the pathophysiological effects of adipose (per)oxidation on glucose homeostasis remain poorly investigated. In this review we will summarize the potential mechanisms by which increased oxidative stress in fat may impair (pre)adipocyte differentiation and promote the adipose dysfunction. We will also attempt to highlight the conundrum with the adipose redox changes and the regulation of glucose homeostasis. Finally, we will briefly discuss the scientific rationale for proposing the adipose redox state as a potential target for novel therapeutic strategies to curb/prevent adiposity-linked insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Murdolo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Assisi Hospital, Via Valentin Muller 1, Assisi, Perugia, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Grenier-Larouche T, Labbé SM, Noll C, Richard D, Carpentier AC. Metabolic inflexibility of white and brown adipose tissues in abnormal fatty acid partitioning of type 2 diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY SUPPLEMENTS 2012; 2:S37-42. [PMID: 27152152 PMCID: PMC4850609 DOI: 10.1038/ijosup.2012.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by a general dysregulation of postprandial energy substrate partitioning. Although classically described in regard to glucose metabolism, it is now evident that metabolic inflexibility of plasma lipid fluxes is also present in T2D. The organ that is most importantly involved in the latter metabolic defect is the white adipose tissue (WAT). Both catecholamine-induced nonesterified fatty acid mobilization and insulin-stimulated storage of meal fatty acids are impaired in many WAT depots of insulin-resistant individuals. Novel molecular imaging techniques now demonstrate that these defects are linked to increased dietary fatty acid fluxes toward lean organs and myocardial dysfunction in humans. Recent findings also demonstrate functional abnormalities of brown adipose tissues in T2D, thus suggesting that a generalized adipose tissue dysregulation of energy storage and dissipation may be at play in the development of lean tissue energy overload and lipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Grenier-Larouche
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - S M Labbé
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - C Noll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - D Richard
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - A C Carpentier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Centre Hospitalier Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lessard J, Tchernof A. Depot- and obesity-related differences in adipogenesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
50
|
Marion V, Mockel A, De Melo C, Obringer C, Claussmann A, Simon A, Messaddeq N, Durand M, Dupuis L, Loeffler JP, King P, Mutter-Schmidt C, Petrovsky N, Stoetzel C, Dollfus H. BBS-induced ciliary defect enhances adipogenesis, causing paradoxical higher-insulin sensitivity, glucose usage, and decreased inflammatory response. Cell Metab 2012; 16:363-77. [PMID: 22958920 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Studying ciliopathies, like the Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS), allow the identification of signaling pathways potentially involved in common diseases, sharing phenotypic features like obesity or type 2 diabetes. Given the close association between obesity and insulin resistance, obese BBS patients would be expected to be insulin resistant. Surprisingly, we found that a majority of obese BBS patients retained normal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Patient's adipose tissue biopsies revealed upregulation of adipogenic genes and decrease of inflammatory mediators. In vitro studies on human primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) showed that BBS12 inactivation facilitated adipogenesis, increased insulin sensitivity, and glucose utilization. We generated a Bbs12(-/-) mouse model to assess the impact of Bbs12 inactivation on adipocyte biology. Despite increased obesity, glucose tolerance was increased with specific enhanced insulin sensitivity in the fat. This correlated with an active recruitment of MSCs resulting in adipose tissue hyperplasia and decreased in inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Marion
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie des Syndromes Rares Héréditaires, AVENIR-Inserm, EA3949, Université de Strasbourg, 11 rue Humann, 67085 Strasbourg, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|