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Shao X, Shou Q, Felix K, Ojogho B, Jiang X, Gold BT, Herting MM, Goldwaser EL, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Pappas I, Braskie M, Kim H, Cen S, Jann K, Wang DJJ. Age-Related Decline in Blood-Brain Barrier Function is More Pronounced in Males than Females in Parietal and Temporal Regions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575463. [PMID: 38293052 PMCID: PMC10827081 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), shielding it from potential harmful entities. A natural decline of BBB function with aging has been reported in both animal and human studies, which may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited data also suggest that being female may be associated with protective effects on BBB function. Here we investigated age and sex-dependent trajectories of perfusion and BBB water exchange rate (kw) across the lifespan in 186 cognitively normal participants spanning the ages of 8 to 92 years old, using a non-invasive diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL) MRI technique. We found that the pattern of BBB kw decline with aging varies across brain regions. Moreover, results from our DP-pCASL technique revealed a remarkable decline in BBB kw beginning in the early 60s, which was more pronounced in males. In addition, we observed sex differences in parietal and temporal regions. Our findings provide in vivo results demonstrating sex differences in the decline of BBB function with aging, which may serve as a foundation for future investigations into perfusion and BBB function in neurodegenerative and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Shao
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Qinyang Shou
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kimberly Felix
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Brandon Ojogho
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Xuejuan Jiang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Brian T. Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Meredith Braskie
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Hosung Kim
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Steven Cen
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kay Jann
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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Xu D, Jiang J, Liu Y, Pang J, Suo J, Li Y, Peng Z. TIMP2 protects against sepsis-associated acute kidney injury by cAMP/NLRP3 axis-mediated pyroptosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1353-C1366. [PMID: 38497110 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00577.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 2 (TIMP2) has emerged as a promising biomarker for predicting the risk of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). However, its exact role in SA-AKI and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of kidney tubule-specific Timp2 knockout mice on kidney injury and inflammation. Our findings demonstrated that Timp2-knockout mice exhibited more severe kidney injury than wild-type mice, along with elevated levels of pyroptosis markers NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), Caspase1, and gasdermin D (GSDMD) in the early stage of SA-AKI. Conversely, the expression of exogenous TIMP2 in TIMP2-knockout mice still protected against kidney damage and inflammation. In in vitro experiments, using recombinant TIMP2 protein, TIMP2 knockdown demonstrated that exogenous TIMP2 inhibited pyroptosis of renal tubular cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mechanistically, TIMP2 promoted the ubiquitination and autophagy-dependent degradation of NLRP3 by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which mediated NLRP3 degradation through recruiting the E3 ligase MARCH7, attenuating downstream pyroptosis, and thus alleviating primary tubular cell damage. These results revealed the renoprotective role of extracellular TIMP2 in SA-AKI by attenuating tubular pyroptosis, and suggested that exogenous administration of TIMP2 could be a promising therapeutic intervention for SA-AKI treatment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP-2) has been found to be the best biomarker for predicting the risk of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). However, its role and the underlying mechanism in SA-AKI remain elusive. The authors demonstrated in this study using kidney tubule-specific knockout mice model of SA-AKI and primary renal tubule cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) that extracellular TIMP-2 promoted NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) ubiquitination and autophagy-dependent degradation by increasing intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), thus attenuated pyroptosis and alleviated renal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingjing Pang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinmeng Suo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Clinical Research Center of Hubei Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
- Intensive Care Unit of the second affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College, Haikou, China
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Veeravalli KK. Implications of MMP-12 in the pathophysiology of ischaemic stroke. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2024; 9:97-107. [PMID: 37336584 PMCID: PMC11103161 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2023-002363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
This article focuses on the emerging role of matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP-12) in ischaemic stroke (IS). MMP-12 expression in the brain increases dramatically in animal models of IS, and its suppression reduces brain damage and promotes neurological, sensorimotor and cognitive functional outcomes. Thus, MMP-12 could represent a potential target for the management of IS. This article provides an overview of MMP-12 upregulation in the brain following IS, its deleterious role in the post-stroke pathogenesis (blood-brain barrier disruption, inflammation, apoptosis and demyelination), possible molecular interactions and mechanistic insights, its involvement in post-ischaemic functional deficits and recovery as well as the limitations, perspectives, challenges and future directions for further research. Prior to testing any MMP-12-targeted therapy in patients with acute IS, additional research is needed to establish the effectiveness of MMP-12 suppression against IS in older animals and in animals with comorbidities. This article also examines the clinical implications of suppressing MMP-12 alone or in combination with MMP-9 for extending the currently limited tissue plasminogen activator therapy time window. Targeting of MMP-12 is expected to have a profound influence on the therapeutic management of IS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kumar Veeravalli
- Cancer Biology and Pharmacology, University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria, Peoria, Illinois, USA
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Iranpanah A, Fakhri S, Bahrami G, Majnooni MB, Gravandi MM, Taghavi S, Badrbani MA, Amirian R, Farzaei MH. Protective effect of a hydromethanolic extract from Fraxinus excelsior L. bark against a rat model of aluminum chloride-induced Alzheimer's disease: Relevance to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 323:117708. [PMID: 38181932 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fraxinus excelsior L. (FE), commonly known as the ash, belongs to the Oleaceae family and has shown several pharmacological and biological properties, such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has also attracted the most attention toward neuroinflammation. Moreover, FE bark and leaves have been used to treat neurological disorders, aging, neuropathic pain, urinary complaints, and articular pain in traditional and ethnomedicine. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disorder resulting from the involvement of amyloid-beta, metal-induced oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of the current study was to assess the neuroprotective effects of hydromethanolic extract from FE bark in an AlCl3-induced rat model of AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The maceration process was utilized to prepare the hydromethanolic extract of FE bark, and characterized by LC-MS/MS. To assess the anti-AD effects of the FE extract, rats were categorized into five different groups, AlCl3; normal control; FE-treated groups at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg. Passive avoidance learning test, Y-maze, open field, and elevated plus maze behavioral tests were evaluated on days 7 and 14 to analyze the cognitive impairments. Zymography analysis, biochemical tests, and histopathological changes were also followed in different groups. RESULTS LC-MS/MS analysis indicated the presence of coumarins, including isofraxidin7-O-diglucoside in the methanolic extract of FE as a new isofraxidin derivative in this genus. FE significantly improved memory and cognitive function, maintained weight, prevented neuronal damages, and preserved the hippocampus's histological features, as demonstrated by behavioral tests and histopathological analysis. FE increased anti-inflammatory MMP-2 activity, whereas it decreased that of inflammatory MMP-9. Moreover, FE increased plasma antioxidant capacity by enhancing CAT and GSH while decreasing nitrite levels in the serum of treated groups. In comparison between the treated groups, the rats that received high doses of the FE extract (200 mg/kg) showed the highest therapeutic effect. CONCLUSION FE rich in coumarins could be an effective anti-AD adjunct agent, passing through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways. These results encourage further studies for the development of this extract as a promising agent in preventing, managing, or treating AD and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Iranpanah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Bahrami
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagher Majnooni
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Sara Taghavi
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Azadi Badrbani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roshanak Amirian
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Rahimian R, Guruswamy R, Boutej H, Cordeau P, Weng YC, Kriz J. Targeting SRSF3 restores immune mRNA translation in microglia/macrophages following cerebral ischemia. Mol Ther 2024; 32:783-799. [PMID: 38196192 PMCID: PMC10928149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
We recently described a novel ribosome-based regulatory mechanism/checkpoint that controls innate immune gene translation and microglial activation in non-sterile inflammation orchestrated by RNA binding protein SRSF3. Here we describe a role of SRSF3 in the regulation of microglia/macrophage activation phenotypes after experimental stroke. Using a model-system for analysis of the dynamic translational state of microglial ribosomes we show that 24 h after stroke highly upregulated immune mRNAs are not translated resulting in a marked dissociation of mRNA and protein networks in activated microglia/macrophages. Next, microglial activation after stroke was characterized by a robust increase in pSRSF3/SRSF3 expression levels. Targeted knockdown of SRSF3 using intranasal delivery of siRNA 24 h after stroke caused a marked knockdown of endogenous protein. Further analyses revealed that treatment with SRSF3-siRNA alleviated translational arrest of selected genes and induced a transient but significant increase in innate immune signaling and IBA1+ immunoreactivity peaking 5 days after initial injury. Importantly, delayed SRSF3-mediated increase in immune signaling markedly reduced the size of ischemic lesion measured 7 days after stroke. Together, our findings suggest that targeting SRSF3 and immune mRNA translation may open new avenues for molecular/therapeutic reprogramming of innate immune response after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rahimian
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Revathy Guruswamy
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Hejer Boutej
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Pierre Cordeau
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Yuan Cheng Weng
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Jasna Kriz
- CERVO Brain Research Centre and Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 2G3, Canada.
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Ya J, Pellumbaj J, Hashmat A, Bayraktutan U. The Role of Stem Cells as Therapeutics for Ischaemic Stroke. Cells 2024; 13:112. [PMID: 38247804 PMCID: PMC10814781 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. Current reperfusion treatments for ischaemic stroke are limited due to their narrow therapeutic window in rescuing ischaemic penumbra. Stem cell therapy offers a promising alternative. As a regenerative medicine, stem cells offer a wider range of treatment strategies, including long-term intervention for chronic patients, through the reparation and replacement of injured cells via mechanisms of differentiation and proliferation. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the therapeutic role of stem cells for ischaemic stroke. This paper discusses the pathology during acute, subacute, and chronic phases of cerebral ischaemic injury, highlights the mechanisms involved in mesenchymal, endothelial, haematopoietic, and neural stem cell-mediated cerebrovascular regeneration, and evaluates the pre-clinical and clinical data concerning the safety and efficacy of stem cell-based treatments. The treatment of stroke patients with different types of stem cells appears to be safe and efficacious even at relatively higher concentrations irrespective of the route and timing of administration. The priming or pre-conditioning of cells prior to administration appears to help augment their therapeutic impact. However, larger patient cohorts and later-phase trials are required to consolidate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ulvi Bayraktutan
- Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences, Queens Medical Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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Wendt TS, Gonzales RJ. Ozanimod differentially preserves human cerebrovascular endothelial barrier proteins and attenuates matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity following in vitro acute ischemic injury. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C951-C971. [PMID: 37642239 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00342.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial integrity is critical in mitigating a vicious cascade of secondary injuries following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), a contributor to endothelial integrity loss, is elevated during stroke and is associated with worsened stroke outcome. We investigated the FDA-approved selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) ligand, ozanimod, on the regulation/activity of MMP-9 as well as endothelial barrier components [platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1), claudin-5, and zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1)] in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) following hypoxia plus glucose deprivation (HGD). We previously reported that S1PR1 activation improves HBMEC integrity; however, mechanisms underlying S1PR1 involvement in endothelial cell barrier integrity have not been clearly elucidated. We hypothesized that ozanimod would attenuate an HGD-induced increase in MMP-9 activity that would concomitantly attenuate the loss of integral barrier components. Male HBMECs were treated with ozanimod or vehicle and exposed to 3 h of normoxia (21% O2) or HGD (1% O2). Immunoblotting, zymography, qRT-PCR, and immunocytochemical labeling techniques assessed processes related to MMP-9 and barrier markers. We observed that HGD acutely increased MMP-9 activity and reduced claudin-5 and PECAM-1 levels, and ozanimod attenuated these responses. In situ analysis, via PROSPER, suggested that attenuation of MMP-9 activity may be a primary factor in maintaining these integral barrier proteins. We also observed that HGD increased intracellular mechanisms associated with augmented MMP-9 activation; however, ozanimod had no effect on these select factors. Thus, we conclude that ozanimod has the potential to attenuate HGD-mediated decreases in HBMEC integrity in part by decreasing MMP-9 activity as well as preserving barrier properties.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We have identified a potential novel mechanism by which ozanimod, a selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1PR1) agonist, attenuates hypoxia plus glucose deprivation (HGD)-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) activity and disruptions in integral human brain endothelial cell barrier proteins. Our results suggest that ischemic-like injury elicits increased MMP-9 activity and alterations of barrier integrity proteins in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and that ozanimod via S1PR1 attenuates these HGD-induced responses, adding to its therapeutic potential in cerebrovascular protection during the acute phase of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor S Wendt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
| | - Rayna J Gonzales
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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Ahmadighadykolaei H, Lambert JA, Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh M. TIMP-1 Protects Tight Junctions of Brain Endothelial Cells From MMP-Mediated Degradation. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2121-2131. [PMID: 37700105 PMCID: PMC10878538 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a critical role in central nervous system homeostasis, and the integrity of BBB is disrupted in many neurodegenerative diseases. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) degrade the tight junctions (TJs) of endothelial cells and basement membrane components essential to BBB integrity, which leads to increased BBB permeability and allows inflammatory cells and neurotoxic substances to enter the brain. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), endogenous inhibitors of MMPs, regulate MMP activity, thereby maintaining BBB integrity. METHODS The disruptive impacts of MMP-3 and MMP-9 on BBB and protective effect of TIMP-1 were investigated in a simplified in vitro model of the BBB, which was generated using rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (RBMEC). The main features of BBB formation, including permeability and the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), were monitored over time after the addition of MMP-3 and MMP-9 and their complexes with TIMP-1 inhibitor. RESULTS Our results indicated that MMP-3 and MMP-9 caused a dose-dependent disruption of the BBB, with 1.5 µM MMPs resulting in an over threefold increase in permeability, while TIMP-1 inhibition protected the integrity of the BBB model and recovered TEER and permeability of RBMECs. The disruption and recovery of tight junction proteins of RBMECs after MMP and TIMP treatment were also detected using fluorescent microscopy. CONCLUSION MMP-9 and MMP-3 disrupt the BBB by degrading tight junctions in endothelial cells, and TIMP-1 could inhibit the disruptive effect of MMP-3 and MMP-9 by showing potential as therapeutic protein against MMP-related diseases where BBB disruption plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Ahmadighadykolaei
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Janet A Lambert
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Maryam Raeeszadeh-Sarmazdeh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, 1664 N. Virginia St, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
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Qiu L, Wang Y, Wang Y, Liu F, Deng S, Xue W, Wang Y. Ursolic Acid Ameliorated Neuronal Damage by Restoring Microglia-Activated MMP/TIMP Imbalance in vitro. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2481-2493. [PMID: 37637267 PMCID: PMC10460164 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s411408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The oxygen and glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGDR) model is widely used to evaluate ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vitro. Excessively activated microglia produce pro-inflammatory mediators such as matrix metalloproteinases [MMPs] and their specific inhibitors, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases [TIMPs], causing neuronal damage. Ursolic acid (UA) acts as a neuroprotective agent in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) model keeping the MMP/TIMP balance with underlying mechanisms unclear. Our study used OGDR model to determine whether and how UA reduces neuronal damage by reversing MMP/TIMP imbalance caused by microglia in I/R injury in vitro. Methods SH-SY5Y cells were first cultured with 95% N2 and 5% CO2 and then cultivated regularly for OGDR model. Cell viability was tested for a proper UA dose. We established a co-culture system with SH-SY5Y cells and microglia-conditioned medium (MCM) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFNγ). MMP9 and TIMP1 levels were measured with ELISA assay to confirm the UA effect. We added recombinant MMP9 (rMMP9) and TIMP1 neutralizing antibody (anti-TIMP1) for reconfirmation. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe cell morphology, and flow cytometry and Annexin V-FITC and PI labeling for apoptotic conditions. We further measured the calcium fluorescence intensity in SH-SY5Y cells. Results The MCM significantly reduced cell viability of SH-SY5Y cells after OGDR (p<0.01), which was restored by UA (0.25 µM) (p<0.05), whereas lactate dehydrogenase activity, intraneuronal Ca2+ concentration, and apoptosis-related indexes were showed significant improvement after UA treatment (p<0.01). UA corrected the MMP/TIMP imbalance by decreasing MMP9 expression and increasing TIMP1 expression in the co-culture system (p<0.01) and the effects of UA on SH-SY5Y cells were mitigated by the administration of rMMP9 and anti-TIMP1 (p<0.01). Conclusion We demonstrated that UA inhibited microglia-induced neuronal cell death in an OGDR model of ischemic reperfusion injury by stabilizing the MMP9/TIMP1 imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luying Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory for Neurological Big Data of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuye Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory for Neurological Big Data of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory for Neurological Big Data of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shumin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory for Neurological Big Data of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weishuang Xue
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory for Neurological Big Data of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Key Laboratory for Neurological Big Data of Liaoning Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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Zheng T, Jiang T, Huang Z, Ma H, Wang M. Role of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury:a review of the mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1220862. [PMID: 37654609 PMCID: PMC10467294 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1220862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a pathological process wherein reperfusion of an ischemic organ or tissue exacerbates the injury, posing a significant health threat and economic burden to patients and their families. I/R triggers a multitude of physiological and pathological events, such as inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, neuronal cell death, and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Hence, the development of effective therapeutic strategies targeting the pathological processes resulting from I/R is crucial for the rehabilitation and long-term enhancement of the quality of life in patients with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers refer to bioactive compounds extracted from Chinese herbal medicine, possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidative effects, and the ability to modulate programmed cell death (PCD). TCM monomers have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of CIRI and its subsequent complications. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that TCM monomers can enhance the recovery of neurological function following CIRI by mitigating oxidative stress, suppressing inflammatory responses, reducing neuronal cell death and functional impairment, as well as minimizing cerebral infarction volume. The neuroprotective effects of TCM monomers on CIRI have been extensively investigated, and a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms can pave the way for novel approaches to I/R treatment. This review aims to update and summarize evidence of the protective effects of TCMs in CIRI, with a focus on their role in modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, PCD, glutamate excitotoxicity, Ca2+ overload, as well as promoting blood-brain barrier repairment and angiogenesis. The main objective is to underscore the significant contribution of TCM monomers in alleviating CIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Manxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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Knopp RC, Erickson MA, Rhea EM, Reed MJ, Banks WA. Cellular senescence and the blood-brain barrier: Implications for aging and age-related diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:399-411. [PMID: 37012666 PMCID: PMC10281623 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231157917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical physiochemical interface that regulates communication between the brain and blood. It is comprised of brain endothelial cells which regulate the BBB's barrier and interface properties and is surrounded by supportive brain cell types including pericytes and astrocytes. Recent reports have suggested that the BBB undergoes dysfunction during normative aging and in disease. In this review, we consider the effect of cellular senescence, one of the nine hallmarks of aging, on the BBB. We first characterize known normative age-related changes at the BBB, and then evaluate changes in neurodegenerative diseases, with an emphasis on if/how cellular senescence is influencing these changes. We then discuss what insight has been gained from in vitro and in vivo studies of cellular senescence at the BBB. Finally, we evaluate mechanisms by which cellular senescence in peripheral pathologies can indirectly or directly affect BBB function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C Knopp
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - Michelle A Erickson
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Rhea
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - May J Reed
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
| | - William A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care
System, Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Seattle, WA 98108,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of
Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
98195, USA
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12
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Aguado L, Joya A, Garbizu M, Plaza-García S, Iglesias L, Hernández MI, Ardaya M, Mocha N, Gómez-Vallejo V, Cossio U, Higuchi M, Rodríguez-Antigüedad A, Freijo MM, Domercq M, Matute C, Ramos-Cabrer P, Llop J, Martín A. Therapeutic effect of α7 nicotinic receptor activation after ischemic stroke in rats. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023:271678X231161207. [PMID: 36916034 PMCID: PMC10369150 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231161207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinic acetylcholine α7 receptors (α7 nAChRs) have a well-known modulator effect in neuroinflammation. Yet, the therapeutical effect of α7 nAChRs activation after stroke has been scarcely evaluated to date. The role of α7 nAChRs activation with PHA 568487 on inflammation after brain ischemia was assessed with positron emission tomography (PET) using [18F]DPA-714 and [18F]BR-351 radiotracers after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in rats. The assessment of brain oedema, blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and neurofunctional progression after treatment was evaluated with T2 weighted and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (T2 W and DCE-MRI) and neurological evaluation. The activation of α7 nAChRs resulted in a decrease of ischemic lesion, midline displacement and cell neurodegeneration from days 3 to 7 after ischemia. Besides, the treatment with PHA 568487 improved the neurofunctional outcome. Treated ischemic rats showed a significant [18F]DPA-714-PET uptake reduction at day 7 together with a decrease of activated microglia/infiltrated macrophages. Likewise, the activation of α7 receptors displayed an increase of [18F]BR-351-PET signal in ischemic cortical regions, which resulted from the overactivation of MMP-2. Finally, the treatment with PHA 568487 showed a protective effect on BBB disruption and blood brain vessel integrity after cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Aguado
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Ana Joya
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Sandra Plaza-García
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Leyre Iglesias
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Neurovascular Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | - María Ardaya
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Naroa Mocha
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Unai Cossio
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Mari Mar Freijo
- Neurovascular Group, Biocruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María Domercq
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain
| | - Carlos Matute
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU) and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain
| | - Pedro Ramos-Cabrer
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, San Sebastian, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Jordi Llop
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance, San Sebastian, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES, Madrid, Spain
| | - Abraham Martín
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, Leioa, Spain.,Ikerbasque Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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13
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Cudna A, Bronisz E, Jopowicz A, Kurkowska-Jastrzębska I. Changes in serum blood-brain barrier markers after bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. Seizure 2023; 106:129-137. [PMID: 36841062 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Seizures have been shown to increase blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, yet the role of this phenomenon is not fully understood. Additionally, dysfunction of the BBB leads to initiation and propagation of seizures in animal models. To demonstrate the increased permeability of the BBB in time, we investigated changes of the serum levels of BBB markers in patients with epilepsy after bilateral tonic-clonic seizures. We chose markers that might reflect endothelial activation (ICAM-1, selectins), BBB leakage (MMP-9, S100B) and mechanisms of BBB restoration (TIMP-1, thrombomodulin -TM). METHODS We enrolled 50 consecutive patients hospitalised after bilateral tonic-clonic seizures who agreed to take part in the study and 50 participants with no history of epilepsy. Serum levels of selected markers were measured by ELISA at 1-3, 24, and 72 hours after seizures and one time in the control group. RESULTS We found increased levels of S100B, ICAM-1, MMP-9 and P-selectin at 1-3 and 24 hours after seizures and TIMP-1 and TM at 24 and 72 hours after seizures as compared to the control group. The level of E-selectin was decreased at 72 hours after seizures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest early activation of endothelium and increased BBB permeability after seizures. While we are aware of the limitations due to the non-specificity of the tested proteins, our results might indicate the presence of prolonged BBB impairment due to seizure activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Cudna
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Bronisz
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jopowicz
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Chernikov IV, Staroseletz YY, Tatarnikova IS, Sen’kova AV, Savin IA, Markov AV, Logashenko EB, Chernolovskaya EL, Zenkova MA, Vlassov VV. siRNA-Mediated Timp1 Silencing Inhibited the Inflammatory Phenotype during Acute Lung Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021641. [PMID: 36675165 PMCID: PMC9865963 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury is a complex cascade process that develops in response to various damaging factors, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Within this study, based on bioinformatics reanalysis of available full-transcriptome data of acute lung injury induced in mice and humans by various factors, we selected a set of genes that could serve as good targets for suppressing inflammation in the lung tissue, evaluated their expression in the cells of different origins during LPS-induced inflammation, and chose the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase Timp1 as a promising target for suppressing inflammation. We designed an effective chemically modified anti-TIMP1 siRNA and showed that Timp1 silencing correlates with a decrease in the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL6 secretion in cultured macrophage cells and reduces the severity of LPS-induced acute lung injury in a mouse model.
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15
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Xie M, Hao Y, Feng L, Wang T, Yao M, Li H, Ma D, Feng J. Neutrophil Heterogeneity and its Roles in the Inflammatory Network after Ischemic Stroke. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:621-650. [PMID: 35794770 PMCID: PMC10207908 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220706115957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the first peripheral immune cells to enter the brain after ischemic stroke, neutrophils are important participants in stroke-related neuroinflammation. Neutrophils are quickly mobilized from the periphery in response to a stroke episode and cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the ischemic brain parenchyma. This process involves the mobilization and activation of neutrophils from peripheral immune organs (including the bone marrow and spleen), their chemotaxis in the peripheral blood, and their infiltration into the brain parenchyma (including disruption of the blood-brain barrier, inflammatory effects on brain tissue, and interactions with other immune cell types). In the past, it was believed that neutrophils aggravated brain injuries through the massive release of proteases, reactive oxygen species, pro-inflammatory factors, and extracellular structures known as neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). With the failure of early clinical trials targeting neutrophils and uncovering their underlying heterogeneity, our view of their role in ischemic stroke has become more complex and multifaceted. As neutrophils can be divided into N1 and N2 phenotypes in tumors, neutrophils have also been found to have similar phenotypes after ischemic stroke, and play different roles in the development and prognosis of ischemic stroke. N1 neutrophils are dominant during the acute phase of stroke (within three days) and are responsible for the damage to neural structures via the aforementioned mechanisms. However, the proportion of N2 neutrophils gradually increases in later phases, and this has a beneficial effect through the release of anti-inflammatory factors and other neuroprotective mediators. Moreover, the N1 and N2 phenotypes are highly plastic and can be transformed into each other under certain conditions. The pronounced differences in their function and their high degree of plasticity make these neutrophil subpopulations promising targets for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meizhen Xie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Yulei Hao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Liangshu Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Mengyue Yao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Di Ma
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
| | - Jiachun Feng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Xinmin, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, China
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16
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4-Methylguaiacol alleviated alcoholic liver injury by increasing antioxidant capacity and enhancing autophagy through the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Xu L, Nirwane A, Xu T, Kang M, Devasani K, Yao Y. Fibroblasts repair blood-brain barrier damage and hemorrhagic brain injury via TIMP2. Cell Rep 2022; 41:111709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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18
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Mapping the dynamics of insulin-responsive pathways in the blood-brain barrier endothelium using time-series transcriptomics data. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2022; 8:29. [PMID: 35974022 PMCID: PMC9381797 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-022-00235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Critical functions of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including cerebral blood flow, energy metabolism, and immunomodulation, are regulated by insulin signaling pathways. Therefore, endothelial insulin resistance could lead to BBB dysfunction, which is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current study aims to map the dynamics of insulin-responsive pathways in polarized human cerebral microvascular endothelial cell (hCMEC/D3) monolayers. RNA-Sequencing was performed on hCMEC/D3 monolayers with and without insulin treatment at various time points. The Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) method was used to identify gene clusters with distinct and representative expression patterns. Functional annotation and pathway analysis of genes from selected clusters were conducted using Webgestalt and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software. Quantitative expression differences of 16,570 genes between insulin-treated and control monolayers were determined at five-time points. The STEM software identified 12 significant clusters with 6880 genes that displayed distinct temporal patterns upon insulin exposure, and the clusters were further divided into three groups. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that biological processes protecting BBB functions such as regulation of vascular development and actin cytoskeleton reorganization were upregulated after insulin treatment (Group 1 and 2). In contrast, GO pathways related to inflammation, such as response to interferon-gamma, were downregulated (Group 3). The IPA analyses further identified insulin-responsive cellular and molecular pathways that are associated with AD pathology. These findings unravel the dynamics of insulin action on the BBB endothelium and inform about downstream signaling cascades that are potentially disrupted due to brain insulin resistance prevalent in AD.
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19
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Zhou JF, Xiong Y, Kang X, Pan Z, Zhu Q, Goldbrunner R, Stavrinou L, Lin S, Hu W, Zheng F, Stavrinou P. Application of stem cells and exosomes in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage: an update. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:281. [PMID: 35765072 PMCID: PMC9241288 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage is a highly destructive intracranial disease with high mortality and morbidity rates. The main risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage include hypertension, amyloidosis, vasculitis, drug abuse, coagulation dysfunction, and genetic factors. Clinically, surviving patients with intracerebral hemorrhage exhibit different degrees of neurological deficits after discharge. In recent years, with the development of regenerative medicine, an increasing number of researchers have begun to pay attention to stem cell and exosome therapy as a new method for the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage, owing to their intrinsic potential in neuroprotection and neurorestoration. Many animal studies have shown that stem cells can directly or indirectly participate in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage through regeneration, differentiation, or secretion. However, considering the uncertainty of its safety and efficacy, clinical studies are still lacking. This article reviews the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage using stem cells and exosomes from both preclinical and clinical studies and summarizes the possible mechanisms of stem cell therapy. This review aims to provide a reference for future research and new strategies for clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Feng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaodong Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Zhigang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Qiangbin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hui'an County Hospital of Fujian Province, Quanzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Roland Goldbrunner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lampis Stavrinou
- 2nd Department of Neurosurgery, Athens Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University, Athens, Greece
| | - Shu Lin
- Centre of Neurological and Metabolic Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China. .,Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, 384 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, 2010, Australia.
| | - Weipeng Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Feng Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, No. 34 North Zhongshan Road, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China.
| | - Pantelis Stavrinou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital, Center for Neurosurgery, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Neurosurgery, Metropolitan Hospital, Athens, Greece
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20
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Magierowska K, Korbut E, Wójcik-Grzybek D, Bakalarz D, Sliwowski Z, Cieszkowski J, Szetela M, Torregrossa R, Whiteman M, Magierowski M. Mitochondria-targeted hydrogen sulfide donors versus acute oxidative gastric mucosal injury. J Control Release 2022; 348:321-334. [PMID: 35654168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as a gaseous molecule prevents gastrointestinal (GI)-tract against various injuries. This study aimed to evaluate for the first time the detailed molecular mechanism of mitochondria-targeting H2S-prodrugs, AP39 and RT01 in gastroprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced lesions. Wistar rats exposed to I/R were pretreated i.g. with vehicle, AP39 (0.004-2 mg/kg), RT01 (0.1 mg/kg), or with AP219 (0.1 mg/kg) as structural control without ability to release H2S. AP39 was also administered with mTOR1 inhibitor, rapamycin (1 mg/kg i.g.). Gastric damage area was assessed micro-/macroscopically, gastric blood flow (GBF) by laser flowmetry, mRNA level of HIF-1α, GPx, SOD1, SOD2, annexin-A1, SOCS3, IL-1RA, IL-1β, IL-1R1, IL-1R2, TNFR2, iNOS by real-time PCR. Gastric mucosal and/or serum content of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, G-CSF, M-CSF, VEGFA, GRO, RANTES, MIP-1α, MCP1, TNF-α, TIMP1, FABP3, GST-α, STAT3/5 and phosphorylation of mTOR, NF-κB, ERK, Akt was evaluated by microbeads-fluorescent assay. Mitochondrial complexes activities were measured biochemically. RNA damage was assessed as 8-OHG by ELISA. AP39 and RT01 reduced micro-/macroscopic gastric I/R-injury increasing GBF. AP39-gastroprotection was accompanied by maintained activity of mitochondrial complexes, prevented RNA oxidation and enhanced mRNA/protein expression of SOCS3, IL-1RA, annexin-A1, GST-α, HIF-1α. Rapamycin reversed AP-39-gastroprotection. AP39-gastroprotection was followed by decreased NF-κB, ERK, IL-1β and enhanced Akt and mTOR proteins phosphorylation. AP39-prevented gastric mucosal damage caused by I/R-injury, partly by mitochondrial complex activity maintenance. AP39-mediated attenuation of gastric mucosal oxidation, hypoxia and inflammation involved mTOR1 and Akt pathways activity and modulation of HIF-1α, GST-α, SOCS3, IL1RA and TIMP1 molecular interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edyta Korbut
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Dominik Bakalarz
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland; Department of Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Forensic Research, Cracow, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Sliwowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Jakub Cieszkowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szetela
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland
| | | | | | - Marcin Magierowski
- Department of Physiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Cracow, Poland.
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21
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Lee CW, Hsu LF, Wu IL, Wang YL, Chen WC, Liu YJ, Yang LT, Tan CL, Luo YH, Wang CC, Chiu HW, Yang TCK, Lin YY, Chang HA, Chiang YC, Chen CH, Lee MH, Peng KT, Huang CCY. Exposure to polystyrene microplastics impairs hippocampus-dependent learning and memory in mice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128431. [PMID: 35150991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution has become a serious environmental issue worldwide, but its potential effects on health remain unknown. The administration of polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) to mice for eight weeks impaired learning and memory behavior. PS-MPs were detected in the brain especially in the hippocampus of these mice. Concurrently, the hippocampus had decreased levels of immediate-early genes, aberrantly enhanced synaptic glutamate AMPA receptors, and elevated neuroinflammation, all of which are critical for synaptic plasticity and memory. Interestingly, ablation of the vagus nerve, a modulator of the gut-brain axis, improved the memory function of PS-MPs mice. These results indicate that exposure to PS-MPs in mice alters the expression of neuronal activity-dependent genes and synaptic proteins, and increases neuroinflammation in the hippocampus, subsequently causing behavioral changes through the vagus nerve-dependent pathway. Our findings shed light on the adverse impacts of PS-MPs on the brain and hippocampal learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiang-Wen Lee
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; Department of Safety Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan
| | - Lee-Fen Hsu
- Department of Respiratory Care, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - I-Lin Wu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lu-Tang Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Lun Tan
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | | | - Hui-Wen Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Chung-Kuang Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yue Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-An Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chiang
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, and Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan
| | | | - Ming-Hsueh Lee
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 613, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Ti Peng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Puzi City, Chiayi County 61363, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
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22
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Spitzer D, Guérit S, Puetz T, Khel MI, Armbrust M, Dunst M, Macas J, Zinke J, Devraj G, Jia X, Croll F, Sommer K, Filipski K, Freiman TM, Looso M, Günther S, Di Tacchio M, Plate KH, Reiss Y, Liebner S, Harter PN, Devraj K. Profiling the neurovascular unit unveils detrimental effects of osteopontin on the blood-brain barrier in acute ischemic stroke. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 144:305-337. [PMID: 35752654 PMCID: PMC9288377 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02452-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, characterized by degradation of BBB junctional proteins and increased permeability, is a crucial pathophysiological feature of acute ischemic stroke. Dysregulation of multiple neurovascular unit (NVU) cell types is involved in BBB breakdown in ischemic stroke that may be further aggravated by reperfusion therapy. Therefore, therapeutic co-targeting of dysregulated NVU cell types in acute ischemic stroke constitutes a promising strategy to preserve BBB function and improve clinical outcome. However, methods for simultaneous isolation of multiple NVU cell types from the same diseased central nervous system (CNS) tissue, crucial for the identification of therapeutic targets in dysregulated NVU cells, are lacking. Here, we present the EPAM-ia method, that facilitates simultaneous isolation and analysis of the major NVU cell types (endothelial cells, pericytes, astrocytes and microglia) for the identification of therapeutic targets in dysregulated NVU cells to improve the BBB function. Applying this method, we obtained a high yield of pure NVU cells from murine ischemic brain tissue, and generated a valuable NVU transcriptome database ( https://bioinformatics.mpi-bn.mpg.de/SGD_Stroke ). Dissection of the NVU transcriptome revealed Spp1, encoding for osteopontin, to be highly upregulated in all NVU cells 24 h after ischemic stroke. Upregulation of osteopontin was confirmed in stroke patients by immunostaining, which was comparable with that in mice. Therapeutic targeting by subcutaneous injection of an anti-osteopontin antibody post-ischemic stroke in mice resulted in neutralization of osteopontin expression in the NVU cell types investigated. Apart from attenuated glial activation, osteopontin neutralization was associated with BBB preservation along with decreased brain edema and reduced risk for hemorrhagic transformation, resulting in improved neurological outcome and survival. This was supported by BBB-impairing effects of osteopontin in vitro. The clinical significance of these findings is that anti-osteopontin antibody therapy might augment current approved reperfusion therapies in acute ischemic stroke by minimizing deleterious effects of ischemia-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Spitzer
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sylvaine Guérit
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tim Puetz
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,Department of Neurology, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maryam I. Khel
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Moritz Armbrust
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Maika Dunst
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jadranka Macas
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jenny Zinke
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gayatri Devraj
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Xiaoxiong Jia
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Florian Croll
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kathleen Sommer
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katharina Filipski
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Freiman
- grid.413108.f0000 0000 9737 0454Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Günther
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mariangela Di Tacchio
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Plate
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Yvonne Reiss
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebner
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.452396.f0000 0004 5937 5237German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary System (CPI), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Patrick N. Harter
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.511198.5Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528 Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.7839.50000 0004 1936 9721LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kavi Devraj
- Edinger Institute (Institute of Neurology), University Hospital, Goethe University, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. .,Frankfurt Cancer Institute (FCI), 60528, Frankfurt, Germany. .,LOEWE - Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe University, 60528, Frankfurt, Germany.
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23
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Gunasekaran V, Avarachan J, Augustine A, Khayum A, R A. 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ameliorates acquired, consolidated and recognitive memory deficits through the regulation of hippocampal PPAR γ, MMP9 and MMP2 genes in dementia model. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08523. [PMID: 34926858 PMCID: PMC8646985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic Phytomolecule 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) from Frankincense family has proven for the neuroprotection and recognized as an orphan drug for the treatment of cerebral edema. Nonetheless, AKBA have promising indications with Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) associated to cognitive function not deliberated so far. In order to substantiate the potential role of AKBA on memory function, we examine the contribution of PPARγ activation and its downstream process. Modified method of scopolamine induced dementia rats were treated with AKBA (5, 10&15 mg/kg,i.p) and Donepezil (2.5 mg/kg,i.p). Scopolamine induced short term spatial, working memory and recognition memory impairment was reversed significantly after AKBA treatment. AKBA administration diminished the Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity and preserved brain GABA and glutamate mediated neuronal excitability. Further, gene expression study reveals AKBA ameliorates the memory impairment via activating PPARγ and its downstream regulators, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) genes in hippocampus. This study concludes that the treatment with AKBA can be a novel Phyto-molecule of interest for treating dementia via up-regulating hippocampus genes mediated cholinergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jinu Avarachan
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitta Augustine
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Khayum
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivukkarasu R
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
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24
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Do PT, Wu CC, Chiang YH, Hu CJ, Chen KY. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell Therapy in Blood-Brain Barrier Preservation Following Ischemia: Molecular Mechanisms and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810045. [PMID: 34576209 PMCID: PMC8468469 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. Disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a prominent pathophysiological mechanism, responsible for a series of subsequent inflammatory cascades that exacerbate the damage to brain tissue. However, the benefit of recanalization is limited in most patients because of the narrow therapeutic time window. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been assessed as excellent candidates for cell-based therapy in cerebral ischemia, including neuroinflammatory alleviation, angiogenesis and neurogenesis promotion through their paracrine actions. In addition, accumulating evidence on how MSC therapy preserves BBB integrity after stroke may open up novel therapeutic targets for treating cerebrovascular diseases. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in the ischemia-induced prevention of BBB compromise. Currently, therapeutic effects of MSCs for stroke are primarily based on the fundamental pathogenesis of BBB breakdown, such as attenuating leukocyte infiltration, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) regulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation, stabilizing morphology and crosstalk between cellular components of the BBB. We also discuss prospective studies to improve the effectiveness of MSC therapy through enhanced migration into defined brain regions of stem cells. Targeted therapy is a promising new direction and is being prioritized for extensive research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thao Do
- International Ph.D. Program for Cell Therapy and Regeneration Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
| | - Chung-Che Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiao Chiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan; (C.-C.W.); (Y.-H.C.)
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chaur-Jong Hu
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Kai-Yun Chen
- TMU Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- The PhD Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.H.); (K.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-227361661 (ext. 3032) (C.-J.H.); +886-227361661 (ext. 7602) (K.-Y.C.)
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25
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Saxena AK, Khrolia D, Chilkoti GT, Gondode PG, Sharma T, Thakur G, Banerjee BD. Modulation of the Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase and Tissue Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteases-1 Gene in Chronic Neuropathic Pain. Indian J Palliat Care 2021; 27:251-256. [PMID: 34511792 PMCID: PMC8428873 DOI: 10.25259/ijpc_339_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to study the modulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases 1 (TIMP 1) gene in patients with neuropathic pain (NP). Materials and Methods: In the present, cross-sectional, observational study, 2 ml of venous baseline sample was withdrawn from all the patients with neuropathic (NP) or non NP (NNP) soon after their diagnosis or on their first visit to the pain clinic. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction experiment was conducted to measure the mRNA expression of TIMP1 and ERK genes in blood samples. The Delta Ct, Delta Ct, and fold change analysis of both the genes were conducted between patients with NP and NNP. Results: A total of 285 patients with chronic pain were assessed, out of which, 153 patients had NP and 132 had NNP. The average duration of chronic pain was 11 months for 285 patients. The mRNA expression of TIMP1 gene is significantly down regulated (2.65-fold) (P (-f. 01), and the mRNA expression level of ERK is significantly up regulated (2.03-fold) (P (-f. 01) in NP patients when compared with NNP. Conclusion: The mRNA expression of TIMP1 gene is significantly down regulated, and ERK is significantly up regulated in patients with NP. Further, multicentric trials with larger sample size are recommended to confirm this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Kumar Saxena
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepanshu Khrolia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Geetanjali T Chilkoti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prakash Gyandev Gondode
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tusha Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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26
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Weber CM, Clyne AM. Sex differences in the blood-brain barrier and neurodegenerative diseases. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:011509. [PMID: 33758788 PMCID: PMC7968933 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases is on the rise. Many of these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and motor neuron disease, demonstrate clear sexual dimorphisms. While sex as a biological variable must now be included in animal studies, sex is rarely included in in vitro models of human neurodegenerative disease. In this Review, we describe these sex-related differences in neurodegenerative diseases and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), whose dysfunction is linked to neurodegenerative disease development and progression. We explain potential mechanisms by which sex and sex hormones affect BBB integrity. Finally, we summarize current in vitro BBB bioengineered models and highlight their potential to study sex differences in BBB integrity and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callie M Weber
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - Alisa Morss Clyne
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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27
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Aliena-Valero A, Rius-Pérez S, Baixauli-Martín J, Torregrosa G, Chamorro Á, Pérez S, Salom JB. Uric Acid Neuroprotection Associated to IL-6/STAT3 Signaling Pathway Activation in Rat Ischemic Stroke. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:408-423. [PMID: 32959172 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02115-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite the promising neuroprotective effects of uric acid (UA) in acute ischemic stroke, the seemingly pleiotropic underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. Recent evidence points to transcription factors as UA targets. To gain insight into the UA mechanism of action, we investigated its effects on pertinent biomarkers for the most relevant features of ischemic stroke pathophysiology: (1) oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme mRNAs and MDA), (2) neuroinflammation (cytokine and Socs3 mRNAs, STAT3, NF-κB p65, and reactive microglia), (3) brain swelling (Vegfa, Mmp9, and Timp1 mRNAs), and (4) apoptotic cell death (Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, and TUNEL-positive cells). Adult male Wistar rats underwent intraluminal filament transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and received UA (16 mg/kg) or vehicle (Locke's buffer) i.v. at 20 min reperfusion. The outcome measures were neurofunctional deficit, infarct, and edema. UA treatment reduced cortical infarct and brain edema, as well as neurofunctional impairment. In brain cortex, increased UA: (1) reduced tMCAO-induced increases in Vegfa and Mmp9/Timp1 ratio expressions; (2) induced Sod2 and Cat expressions and reduced MDA levels; (3) induced Il6 expression, upregulated STAT3 and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, induced Socs3 expression, and inhibited microglia activation; and (4) ameliorated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and induced a reduction in caspase-3 cleavage as well as in TUNEL-positive cell counts. In conclusion, the mechanism for morphological and functional neuroprotection by UA in ischemic stroke is multifaceted, since it is associated to activation of the IL-6/STAT3 pathway, attenuation of edematogenic VEGF-A/MMP-9 signaling, and modulation of relevant mediators of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Aliena-Valero
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sergio Rius-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Júlia Baixauli-Martín
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain
| | - Germán Torregrosa
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Department of Neuroscience, Hospital Clinic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Juan B Salom
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación Cerebrovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe - Universitat de València, Torre A, Lab 5.05, Ave Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain.
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Ave Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, Burjassot, 46100, Valencia, Spain.
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28
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Cabral-Pacheco GA, Garza-Veloz I, Castruita-De la Rosa C, Ramirez-Acuña JM, Perez-Romero BA, Guerrero-Rodriguez JF, Martinez-Avila N, Martinez-Fierro ML. The Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Human Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9739. [PMID: 33419373 PMCID: PMC7767220 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 577] [Impact Index Per Article: 144.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling endopeptidases that have the capacity to degrade almost every component of the ECM. The degradation of the ECM is of great importance, since it is related to embryonic development and angiogenesis. It is also involved in cell repair and the remodeling of tissues. When the expression of MMPs is altered, it can generate the abnormal degradation of the ECM. This is the initial cause of the development of chronic degenerative diseases and vascular complications generated by diabetes. In addition, this process has an association with neurodegeneration and cancer progression. Within the ECM, the tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMPs. TIMPs are important regulators of ECM turnover, tissue remodeling, and cellular behavior. Therefore, TIMPs (similar to MMPs) modulate angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. An interruption in the balance between MMPs and TIMPs has been implicated in the pathophysiology and progression of several diseases. This review focuses on the participation of both MMPs (e.g., MMP-2 and MMP-9) and TIMPs (e.g., TIMP-1 and TIMP-3) in physiological processes and on how their abnormal regulation is associated with human diseases. The inclusion of current strategies and mechanisms of MMP inhibition in the development of new therapies targeting MMPs was also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idalia Garza-Veloz
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (G.AC.-P.); (C.C.-D.l.R.); (J.MR.-A.); (B.AP.-R.); (J.FG.-R.); (N.M.-A.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L Martinez-Fierro
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Zacatecas-Guadalajara Km.6. Ejido la Escondida, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (G.AC.-P.); (C.C.-D.l.R.); (J.MR.-A.); (B.AP.-R.); (J.FG.-R.); (N.M.-A.)
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29
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Icariside II attenuates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction in rats via regulating the balance of MMP9/TIMP1. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1547-1556. [PMID: 32488170 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) results in harmful consequences during ischemic stroke, especially the disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which leads to severe hemorrhagic transformation through aggravation of edema and brain hemorrhage. Our previous study demonstrated that icariside II (ICS II), which is derived from Herba Epimedii, attenuates cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the GSK-3β-mediated activation of autophagy both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of ICS II on the BBB remains unclear. Thus, in this study, we investigated the regulation of BBB integrity by ICS II after cerebral I/R injury and further explored the underlying mechanism in rats. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and the treatment groups were administered ICS II at a dose of 16 mg/kg by gavage twice a day for 3 days. The results showed that ICS II effectively prevented BBB disruption, as evidenced by Evans Blue staining. Moreover, ICS II not only significantly reduced the expression of MMP2/9 but also increased TIMP1 and tight junction protein (occludin, claudin 5, and ZO 1) expression. Intriguingly, ICS II may directly bind to both MMP2 and MMP9, as evidenced by molecular docking. In addition, ICS II also inhibited cerebral I/R-induced apoptosis and ameliorated the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cleaved-caspase 3 level. Collectively, our findings reveal that ICS II significantly ameliorates I/R-induced BBB disruption and neuronal apoptosis in MCAO rats by regulating the MMP9/TIMP1 balance and inhibiting the caspase 3-dependent apoptosis pathway.
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30
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Sarvari S, Moakedi F, Hone E, Simpkins JW, Ren X. Mechanisms in blood-brain barrier opening and metabolism-challenged cerebrovascular ischemia with emphasis on ischemic stroke. Metab Brain Dis 2020; 35:851-868. [PMID: 32297170 PMCID: PMC7988906 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00573-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of disability among adults as well as the 2nd leading cause of death globally. Ischemic stroke accounts for about 85% of strokes, and currently, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), whose therapeutic window is limited to up to 4.5 h for the appropriate population, is the only FDA approved drug in practice and medicine. After a stroke, a cascade of pathophysiological events results in the opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) through which further complications, disabilities, and mortality are likely to threaten the patient's health. Strikingly, tPA administration in eligible patients might cause hemorrhagic transformation and sustained damage to BBB integrity. One must, therefore, delineate upon stroke onset which cellular and molecular factors mediate BBB permeability as well as what key roles BBB rupture plays in the pathophysiology of stroke. In this review article, given our past findings of mechanisms underlying BBB opening in stroke animal models, we elucidate cellular, subcellular, and molecular factors involved in BBB permeability after ischemic stroke. The contribution of each factor to stroke severity and outcome is further discussed. Determinant factors in BBB permeability and stroke include mitochondria, miRNAs, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), immune cells, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion proteins. Once these factors are interrogated and their roles in the pathophysiology of stroke are determined, novel targets for drug discovery and development can be uncovered in addition to novel therapeutic avenues for human stroke management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sarvari
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Faezeh Moakedi
- Department of Biochemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Emily Hone
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - James W Simpkins
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
- Experimental Stroke Core Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Xuefang Ren
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA.
- Experimental Stroke Core Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, 64 Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Zhou Y, Yao Y, Sheng L, Zhang J, Zhang JH, Shao A. Osteopontin as a candidate of therapeutic application for the acute brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8918-8929. [PMID: 32657030 PMCID: PMC7417697 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute brain injury is the leading cause of human death and disability worldwide, which includes intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, cerebral ischaemia, traumatic brain injury and hypoxia‐ischaemia brain injury. Currently, clinical treatments for neurological dysfunction of acute brain injury have not been satisfactory. Osteopontin (OPN) is a complex adhesion protein and cytokine that interacts with multiple receptors including integrins and CD44 variants, exhibiting mostly neuroprotective roles and showing therapeutic potential for acute brain injury. OPN‐induced tissue remodelling and functional repair mainly rely on its positive roles in the coordination of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory responses, blood‐brain barrier maintenance and anti‐apoptotic actions, as well as other mechanisms such as affecting the chemotaxis and proliferation of nerve cells. The blood OPN strongly parallel with the OPN induced in the brain and can be used as a novel biomarker of the susceptibility, severity and outcome of acute brain injury. In the present review, we summarized the molecular signalling mechanisms of OPN as well as its overall role in different kinds of acute brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lesang Sheng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Amruta N, Rahman AA, Pinteaux E, Bix G. Neuroinflammation and fibrosis in stroke: The good, the bad and the ugly. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 346:577318. [PMID: 32682140 PMCID: PMC7794086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death and the main cause of disability in surviving patients. The detrimental interaction between immune cells, glial cells, and matrix components in stroke pathology results in persistent inflammation that progresses to fibrosis. A substantial effort is being directed toward understanding the exact neuroinflammatory events that take place as a result of stroke. The initiation of a potent cytokine response, along with immune cell activation and infiltration in the ischemic core, has massive acute deleterious effects, generally exacerbated by comorbid inflammatory conditions. There is secondary neuroinflammation that promotes further injury, resulting in cell death, but conversely plays a beneficial role, by promoting recovery. This highlights the need for a better understanding of the neuroinflammatory and fibrotic processes, as well as the need to identify new mechanisms and potential modulators. In this review, we summarize several aspects of stroke-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and include a discussion of cytokine inhibitors/inducers, immune cells, and fibro-inflammation signaling inhibitors in order to identify new pharmacological means of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanappa Amruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Abir A Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom.
| | - Gregory Bix
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, A.V. Hill Building, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Tulane Brain Institute, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA.
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Silencing matrix metalloproteinase 9 exerts a protective effect on astrocytes after oxygen-glucose deprivation and is correlated with suppression of aquaporin-4. Neurosci Lett 2020; 731:135047. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Navarro-Oviedo M, Muñoz-Arrondo R, Zandio B, Marta-Enguita J, Bonaterra-Pastra A, Rodríguez JA, Roncal C, Páramo JA, Toledo E, Montaner J, Hernández-Guillamon M, Orbe J. Circulating TIMP-1 is associated with hematoma volume in patients with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10329. [PMID: 32587306 PMCID: PMC7316718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic zinc-endopeptidases regulated by tissue Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). We evaluated the potential of MMPs and TIMPs as clinical tools for Intracranial Haemorrhage (ICH). Spontaneous non-traumatic ICH patients were recruited from two hospitals: Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN = 29) and Vall d´Hebron (VdH = 76). Plasmatic levels of MMP-1, -2, -7, -9, -10 and TIMP-1 and their relationship with clinical, radiological and functional variables were evaluated. We further studied the effect of TIMP-1 (0.05-0.2 mg/Kg) in an experimental tail-bleeding model. In CHN, TIMP-1 was associated with admission-hematoma volume and MMP-7 was elevated in patients with deep when compared to lobar hematoma. In VdH, admission-hematoma volume was associated with TIMP-1 and MMP-7. When data from both hospitals were combined, we observed that an increase in 1 ng/ml in TIMP-1 was associated with an increase of 0.14 ml in haemorrhage (combined β = 0.14, 95% CI = 0.08-0.21). Likewise, mice receiving TIMP-1 (0.2 mg/Kg) showed a shorter bleeding time (p < 0.01). Therefore, the association of TIMP-1 with hematoma volume in two independent ICH cohorts suggests its potential as ICH biomarker. Moreover, increased TIMP-1 might not be sufficient to counterbalance MMPs upregulation indicating that TIMP-1 administration might be a beneficial strategy for ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Navarro-Oviedo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Beatriz Zandio
- Neurology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Marta-Enguita
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Neurology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Anna Bonaterra-Pastra
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Roncal
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Páramo
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Haematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefania Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar Hernández-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, CIMA, Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Zhou Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu W, Pan Y, Gao S, Dong X, Zhang JH, Shao A. Persistent Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction: Pathophysiological Substrate and Trigger for Late-Onset Neurodegeneration After Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:581. [PMID: 32581697 PMCID: PMC7296179 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents one of the major causes of death worldwide and leads to persisting neurological deficits in many of the survivors. One of the most significant long-term sequelae deriving from TBI is neurodegenerative disease, which is a group of incurable diseases that impose a heavy socio-economic burden. However, mechanisms underlying the increased susceptibility of TBI to neurodegenerative disease remain elusive. The neurovascular unit (NVU) is a functional unit composed of neurons, neuroglia, vascular cells, and the basal lamina matrix. The key role of NVU dysfunction in many central nervous system diseases has been revealed. Studies have proved the presence of prolonged structural and functional abnormalities of the NVU after TBI. Moreover, growing evidence suggests impaired NVU function is also implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we propose the Neurovascular Unit Dysfunction (NVUD) Hypothesis, in which the persistent NVU dysfunction is thought to underlie the development of post-TBI neurodegeneration. We deduce NVUD Hypothesis through relational inference and supporting evidence, and suggest continued NVU abnormalities following TBI serve as the pathophysiological substrate and trigger yielding chronic neuroinflammation, proteinopathies and oxidative stress, consequently leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. The NVUD Hypothesis may provide potential treatment and prevention strategies for TBI and late-onset neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Zhou
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanbo Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiqi Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - John H. Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology, Neurosurgery and Neurology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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36
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Tang J, Kang Y, Huang L, Wu L, Peng Y. TIMP1 preserves the blood-brain barrier through interacting with CD63/integrin β 1 complex and regulating downstream FAK/RhoA signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:987-1003. [PMID: 32642407 PMCID: PMC7332810 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and the associated microvascular hyperpermeability are hallmark features of several neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there is no viable therapeutic strategy to rescue BBB function. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP1) has been considered to be beneficial for vascular integrity, but the molecular mechanisms underlying the functions of TIMP1 remain elusive. Here, we report that TIMP1 executes a protective role on neuroprotective function via ameliorating BBB disruption in mice with experimental TBI. In human brain microvessel endothelial cells (HBMECs) exposed to hypoxia and inflammation injury, the recombinant TIMP1 (rTIMP1) treatment maintained integrity of junctional proteins and trans-endothelial tightness. Mechanistically, TIMP1 interacts with CD63/integrin β1 complex and activates downstream FAK signaling, leading to attenuation of RhoA activation and F-actin depolymerization for endothelial cells structure stabilization. Notably, these effects depend on CD63/integrin β1 complex, instead of the MMP-inhibitory function. Together, our results identified a novel MMP-independent function of TIMP1 in regulating endothelial barrier integrity. Therapeutic interventions targeting TIMP1 and its downstream signaling may be beneficial to protect BBB function following brain injury and neurological disorders.
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Zhang W, Zhu L, An C, Wang R, Yang L, Yu W, Li P, Gao Y. The blood brain barrier in cerebral ischemic injury – Disruption and repair. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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38
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Nan L, Xie Q, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Li H, Lai W, Chen Y, Huang M. Involvement of PARP-1/AIF Signaling Pathway in Protective Effects of Gualou Guizhi Decoction Against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury-Induced Apoptosis. Neurochem Res 2019; 45:278-294. [PMID: 31792665 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-019-02912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is a complex pathophysiological process. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 (PARP-1)/apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) signaling pathway-mediated apoptosis is one of the non-caspase-dependent cell death programs that are widely present in neurological diseases such as stroke. In our study, we aimed to conduct further research on the effects of Gualou Guizhi decoction (GLGZD) on the PARP-1/AIF signaling pathway in cell apoptosis after ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). The results showed that GLGZD administration for 7 days significantly ameliorated MCAO-induced neurological damage, limb paralysis and the pathological state of the ischemic cortex. GLGZD exerted its effects by significantly reducing the volume of ischemic cerebral infarction, increasing the number of Nissl-positive cells, and reducing neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, Western blot analysis showed that GLGZD significantly inhibited the total protein expression of PARP-1, PAR, AIF and endonuclease G (Endo G) in the ischemic cortex and significantly increased the total protein expression of heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70). On the one hand, the expression of PARP-1, AIF and Endo G protein in the nucleus significantly decreased while the expression of PAR nucleoprotein significantly upregulated. On the other hand, compared with the MCAO model group, the GLGZD-treated group showed a significantly reduced protein expression of PAR in mitochondria and significantly increased protein expression of mitochondrial AIF and Endo G. It was concluded that GLGZD had good therapeutic effects in MCAO model rats. These effects were closely related to GLGZD-mediated inhibition of ischemia-induced neuronal apoptosis by regulation of protein expression and translocation in the PARP-1/AIF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Nan
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Qingqing Xie
- Hangzhou Simo Co., Ltd., Nanjing, 210001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zheming Chen
- Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Quanzhou First Hospital, Quanzhou, 362000, Fujian, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Huang Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Wenfang Lai
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, Fujian, China.
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Khan MA, Alam Q, Haque A, Ashafaq M, Khan MJ, Ashraf GM, Ahmad M. Current Progress on Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Agonist as an Emerging Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An Update. Curr Neuropharmacol 2019; 17:232-246. [PMID: 30152284 PMCID: PMC6425074 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x16666180828100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β within the brain parenchyma resulting in a significant decline in cognitive functions. The pathophysiological conditions of the disease are recognized by the perturbation of synaptic function, energy and lipid metabolism. In Addition deposition of amyloid plaques also triggers inflammation upon the induction of microglia. Peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors known to play important role in the regulation of glucose absorption, homeostasis of lipid metabolism and are further known to involved in repressing the expression of genes related to inflammation. Therefore, agonists of this receptor represent an attractive therapeutic target for AD. Recently, both clinical and preclinical studies showed that use of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist improves both learning and memory along with other AD related pathology. Thus, PPARγ signifies a significant new therapeutic target in treating AD. In this review, we have shed some light on the recent progress of how, PPARγ agonist selectively modulated different cellular targets in AD and its amazing potential in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmood Ahmad Khan
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India; E-mail: , and King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-mail:
| | | | | | | | | | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Dilshad Garden, Delhi 110095, India; E-mail: , and King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; E-mail:
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Chen D, Li Y, Guo W, Li Y, Savidge T, Li X, Fan X. The shielding effect of metal complexes on the binding affinities of ligands to metalloproteins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:205-216. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of metal–ligand interactions to the ligand binding affinities are largely reduced by the shielding effects of metal complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yibao Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Guo
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Tor Savidge
- Department of Pathology & Immunology
- Baylor College of Medicine
- Houston
- USA
- Texas Children's Microbiome Center
| | - Xun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering College
- Gannan Normal University
- Ganzhou
- P. R. China
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Liquefaction of the Brain following Stroke Shares a Similar Molecular and Morphological Profile with Atherosclerosis and Mediates Secondary Neurodegeneration in an Osteopontin-Dependent Mechanism. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-CFN-0076-18. [PMID: 30417081 PMCID: PMC6223114 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0076-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we used mouse models of heart and brain ischemia to compare the inflammatory response to ischemia in the heart, a protein rich organ, to the inflammatory response to ischemia in the brain, a lipid rich organ. We report that ischemia-induced inflammation resolves between one and four weeks in the heart compared to between eight and 24 weeks in the brain. Importantly, we discovered that a second burst of inflammation occurs in the brain between four and eight weeks following ischemia, which coincided with the appearance of cholesterol crystals within the infarct. This second wave shares a similar cellular and molecular profile with atherosclerosis and is characterized by high levels of osteopontin (OPN) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In order to test the role of OPN in areas of liquefactive necrosis, OPN-/- mice were subjected to brain ischemia. We found that at seven weeks following stroke, the expression of pro-inflammatory proteins and MMPs was profoundly reduced in the infarct of the OPN-/- mice, although the number of cholesterol crystals was increased. OPN-/- mice exhibited faster recovery of motor function and a higher number of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) positive cells in the peri-infarct area at seven weeks following stroke. Based on these findings we propose that the brain liquefies after stroke because phagocytic cells in the infarct are unable to efficiently clear cholesterol rich myelin debris, and that this leads to the perpetuation of an OPN-dependent inflammatory response characterized by high levels of degradative enzymes.
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The passive avoidance memory improving effect of curcumin in young adult mice: Considering hippocampal MMP-2, MMP-9 and Akt/GSK3β. PHARMANUTRITION 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Hooshmandi E, Motamedi F, Moosavi M, Katinger H, Zakeri Z, Zaringhalam J, Maghsoudi A, Ghasemi R, Maghsoudi N. CEPO-Fc (An EPO Derivative) Protects Hippocampus Against Aβ-induced Memory Deterioration: A Behavioral and Molecular Study in a Rat Model of Aβ Toxicity. Neuroscience 2018; 388:405-417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen X, Patra A, Sadowska GB, Stonestreet BS. Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury Increases Matrix Metalloproteinases and Tissue Metalloproteinase Inhibitors in Fetal Sheep Brain. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:234-245. [PMID: 30048980 DOI: 10.1159/000489700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury is a leading cause of neurodevelopmental morbidities in preterm and full-term infants. Blood-brain barrier dysfunction represents an important component of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a vital component of the blood-brain barrier. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are important ECM components. They contribute to brain development, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and to regenerative and repair processes after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We hypothesized that ischemia at different durations of reperfusion affects the ECM protein composition of MMPs and TIMPs in the cerebral cortex of fetal sheep. Cerebral cortical samples were snap-frozen from sham control fetuses at 127 days of gestation and from fetuses after exposure to 30-min carotid occlusion and 4-, 24-, and 48-h of reperfusion. Protein expression of MMP-2, -8, -9, and -13 and TIMP-1, -2, -3, and -4 was measured by Western immunoblotting along with the gelatinolytic activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 by zymography. The expression of MMP-8 was increased (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.04) in fetuses 48 h after ischemia. In contrast, changes were not observed in the protein expression of MMP-2, -9, or -13. The gelatinolytic activity of pro-MMP-2 was increased (ANOVA, p = 0.02, Tukey HSD, p = 0.05) 24 h after ischemia. TIMP-1 and -3 expression levels were also higher (TIMP-1, ANOVA, p = 0.003, Tukey HSD, p = 0.01; TIMP-3, ANOVA, p = 0.006, Tukey HSD, p = 0.01) 24 h after ischemia compared with both the sham controls and with fetuses exposed to 4 h of reperfusion. The changes in the expression of TIMP-1, -2, and -3 correlated with the changes in the MMP-8 and -13 protein expression. We speculate that regulation of MMP-8, MMP-13, and TIMPs contributes to ECM remodeling after is chemic-reperfusion injury in the fetal brain.
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The Effect of BSA-Based Curcumin Nanoparticles on Memory and Hippocampal MMP-2, MMP-9, and MAPKs in Adult Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2018; 65:319-326. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1104-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Ahn JH, Chen BH, Park JH, Shin BN, Lee TK, Cho JH, Lee JC, Park JR, Yang SR, Ryoo S, Shin MC, Cho JH, Kang IJ, Lee CH, Hwang IK, Kim YM, Won MH. Early IV-injected human dermis-derived mesenchymal stem cells after transient global cerebral ischemia do not pass through damaged blood-brain barrier. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 12:1646-1657. [PMID: 29763986 DOI: 10.1002/term.2692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is lack of researches on effects of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against transient cerebral ischemia (TCI). We investigated the disruption of the neurovascular unit (NVU), which comprises the blood-brain barrier and examined entry of human dermis-derived MSCs (hDMSCs) into the damaged hippocampal CA1 area in a gerbil model of TCI and their subsequent effects on neuroprotection and cognitive function. Impairments of neurons and blood-brain barrier were examined by immunohistochemistry, electron microscopy, and Evans blue and immunoglobulin G leakage. Neuronal death was observed in pyramidal neurons 5-day postischemia. NVU were structurally damaged; in particular, astrocyte end-feet were severely damaged from 2-day post-TCI and immunoglobulin G leaked out of the CA1 area 2 days after 5 min of TCI; however, Evans blue extravasation was not observed. On the basis of the results of NVU damages, ischemic gerbils received PKH2-transfected hDMSCs 3 times at early times (3 hr, 2, and 5 days) after TCI, and fluorescence imaging was used to detect hDMSCs in the tissue. PKH2-transfected hDMSCs were not found in the CA1 from immediate time to 8 days after injection, although they were detected in the liver. Furthermore, hDMSCs transplantation did not protect CA1 pyramidal neurons and did not improve cognitive impairment. Intravenously transplanted hDMSCs did not migrate to the damaged CA1 area induced by TCI. These findings suggest no neuroprotection and cognitive improvement by intravenous hDMSCs transplantation after 5 min of TCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bai Hui Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Joon Ha Park
- Department of Biomedical Science and Research Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bich Na Shin
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Kyeong Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwi Cho
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chul Lee
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ran Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Ran Yang
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, and Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Ryoo
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Cheol Shin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hwi Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Jun Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Myeong Kim
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Ho Won
- Department of Neurobiology, and Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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Mirzaie M, Karimi M, Fallah H, Khaksari M, Nazari-Robati M. Downregulation of Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 is Involved in the Protective Effect of Trehalose on Spinal Cord Injury. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2018; 7:8-16. [PMID: 30234068 PMCID: PMC6134419 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.7.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), in particular MMP-2 and MMP-9 contributes to secondary pathogenesis of spinal cord injury (SCI) via promoting inflammation. Recently, we have reported that trehalose suppresses inflammatory responses following SCI. Therefore, we investigated the effect of trehalose on MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in SCI. A weight-drop contusion SCI was induced in male rats. Then, the animals received trehalose at three doses of 10 (T10), 100 (T100) and 1000 (T1000) mM intrathecally. MMP-2 and MMP-9 transcripts were then measured in damaged spinal cord at 1, 3 and 7 days after trauma, and compared with vehicle and sham groups. Additionally, behavioral analysis was conducted for 1 week using Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale. Our data showed an early upregulation of MMP-9 at 1 day post-SCI. However, MMP-2 expression was increased at 3 days after trauma. Treatment with 10 mM trehalose significantly reduced MMP-2 expression in 3 and 7 days (P< 0.01) and MMP-9 expression in 1, 3, and 7 days (P< 0.05) post-damage compared with vehicle. Nonetheless, downregulation of both MMPs was not observed in T100 and T1000 groups. In addition, T10 group showed more rapid recovery of hind limb strength compared with T100 and T1000 groups. We propose that the neuroprotective effect of low dose trehalose is mediated by attenuation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Mirzaie
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Karimi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran
| | - Hossein Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran
| | - Mohammad Khaksari
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Institute of Basic and Clinical Physiology Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nazari-Robati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman , Iran.,Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-containing enzymes required for homeostasis. These enzymes are an important class of drug targets as their over expression is associated with many disease states. Most of the inhibitors reported against this class of proteins have failed in clinical trials due to lack of specificity. In order to assist in drug design endeavors for MMP targets, a computationally tractable pathway is presented, comprising, (1) docking of small molecule inhibitors against the target MMPs, (2) derivation of quantum mechanical charges on the zinc ion in the active site and the amino acids coordinating with zinc including the inhibitor molecule, (3) molecular dynamics simulations on the docked ligand-MMP complexes, and (4) evaluation of binding affinities of the ligand-MMP complexes via an accurate scoring function for zinc containing metalloprotein-ligand complexes. The above pathway was applied to study the interaction of the inhibitor Batimastat with MMPs, which resulted in a high correlation between the predicted and experimental binding free energies, suggesting the potential applicability of the pathway.
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Naphade S, Embusch A, Madushani KL, Ring KL, Ellerby LM. Altered Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Endogenous Inhibitors in a Human Isogenic Stem Cell Model of Huntington's Disease. Front Neurosci 2018; 11:736. [PMID: 29459817 PMCID: PMC5807396 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive movement disorder, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive impairments. HD is caused by a CAG repeat expansion encoding a stretch of polyglutamine residues in the N-terminus of mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Proteolytic processing of mHTT yields toxic fragments, which cause neurotoxicity and massive neuronal cell death predominantly in the striatum and cortex. Inhibition of mHTT cleavage reduces neuronal toxicity suggesting mHTT proteolysis contributes to HD pathogenesis. A previously conducted unbiased siRNA screen in our lab for known human proteases identified matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as modifiers of mHTT proteolysis and toxicity. To further study MMP activation in HD, isogenic HD, and control corrected (C116) neural stem cells (NSCs) prepared from HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells were used to examine the role of MMPs and their endogenous inhibitors in this highly relevant model system. We found altered expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 (gelatinases), MMP-3/10, and MMP-14, activity in HD-NSCs when compared to control C116-NSCs. Dysregulation in MMP activity was accompanied with concomitant changes in levels of endogenous inhibitors of MMPs, called tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Specifically, we observed decreased levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 in HD-NSCs, suggesting part of the altered expression and activity of MMPs is due to lower abundance of these endogenous inhibitors. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed increased MMP/TIMP localization in the nucleus or aggregates of HD-NSCs, suggesting potential interaction with mHTT. TIMP-1 was found to associate with mHTT aggregates in discrete punctate structures in HD-NSCs. These events collectively contribute to increased neurotoxicity in HD. Previous characterization of these NSCs revealed transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway as the top dysregulated pathway in HD. TGF-β was significantly upregulated in HD-NSCs and addition of TGF-β to HD-NSCs was found to be neuroprotective. To determine if TGF-β regulated MMP and TIMP activity, C116- and HD-NSCs were exogenously treated with recombinant TGF-β. TIMP-1 levels were found to be elevated in response to TGF-β treatment, representing a potential mechanism through which elevated TGF-β levels confer neuroprotection in HD. Studying the mechanism of action of MMPs and TIMPs, and their interactions with mHTT in human isogenic patient-derived NSCs elucidates new mechanisms of HD neurotoxicity and will likely provide novel therapeutics for treatment of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Naphade
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Karen L Ring
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States.,California Institute of Regenerative Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lisa M Ellerby
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States
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Zbesko JC, Nguyen TVV, Yang T, Frye JB, Hussain O, Hayes M, Chung A, Day WA, Stepanovic K, Krumberger M, Mona J, Longo FM, Doyle KP. Glial scars are permeable to the neurotoxic environment of chronic stroke infarcts. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 112:63-78. [PMID: 29331263 PMCID: PMC5851450 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Following stroke, the damaged tissue undergoes liquefactive necrosis, a stage of infarct resolution that lasts for months although the exact length of time is currently unknown. One method of repair involves reactive astrocytes and microglia forming a glial scar to compartmentalize the area of liquefactive necrosis from the rest of the brain. The formation of the glial scar is a critical component of the healing response to stroke, as well as other central nervous system (CNS) injuries. The goal of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of the extracellular fluid present in areas of liquefactive necrosis and determine how effectively it is segregated from the remainder of the brain. To accomplish this goal, we used a mouse model of stroke in conjunction with an extracellular fluid toxicity assay, fluorescent and electron microscopy, immunostaining, tracer injections into the infarct, and multiplex immunoassays. We confirmed that the extracellular fluid present in areas of liquefactive necrosis following stroke is toxic to primary cortical and hippocampal neurons for at least 7 weeks following stroke, and discovered that although glial scars are robust physical and endocytic barriers, they are nevertheless permeable. We found that molecules present in the area of liquefactive necrosis can leak across the glial scar and are removed by a combination of paravascular clearance and microglial endocytosis in the adjacent tissue. Despite these mechanisms, there is delayed atrophy, cytotoxic edema, and neuron loss in regions adjacent to the infarct for weeks following stroke. These findings suggest that one mechanism of neurodegeneration following stroke is the failure of glial scars to impermeably segregate areas of liquefactive necrosis from surviving brain tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C Zbesko
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Thuy-Vi V Nguyen
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Omar Hussain
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Megan Hayes
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Amanda Chung
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - W Anthony Day
- Arizona Health Sciences Center Imaging Core Facility, Arizona Research Labs, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - Maj Krumberger
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Justine Mona
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Frank M Longo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kristian P Doyle
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA; Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
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