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Lahane GP, Dhar A, Bhat A. Therapeutic approaches and novel antifibrotic agents in renal fibrosis: A comprehensive review. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23795. [PMID: 39132761 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis (RF) is one of the underlying pathological conditions leading to progressive loss of renal function and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the years, various therapeutic approaches have been explored to combat RF and prevent ESRD. Despite significant advances in understanding the underlying molecular mechanism(s), effective therapeutic interventions for RF are limited. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target these underlying mechanisms to halt or reverse fibrotic progression. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling, a pivotal mediator of RF has emerged as a central strategy to manage RF. Small molecules, peptides, and monoclonal antibodies that target TGF-β receptors or downstream effectors have demonstrated potential in preclinical models. Modulating the renin-angiotensin system and targeting the endothelin system also provide established approaches for controlling fibrosis-related hemodynamic changes. Complementary to pharmacological strategies, lifestyle modifications, and dietary interventions contribute to holistic management. This comprehensive review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms of RF and provide an overview of the therapeutic strategies and novel antifibrotic agents that hold promise in its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Panditrao Lahane
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Arti Dhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences (BITS) Pilani, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Audesh Bhat
- Centre for Molecular Biology, Central University of Jammu, Samba, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Geister E, Ard D, Patel H, Findley A, DeSouza G, Martin L, Knox H, Gavara N, Lugea A, Sabbatini ME. The Role of Twist1 in Chronic Pancreatitis-Associated Pancreatic Stellate Cells. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024:S0002-9440(24)00234-7. [PMID: 39032603 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2024.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In a healthy pancreas, pancreatic stellate cells (PaSCs) synthesize the basement membrane, which is mainly composed of type IV collagen and laminin. In chronic pancreatitis (CP), PaSCs are responsible for the production of a rigid extracellular matrix (ECM) that is mainly composed of fibronectin and type I/III collagen. Reactive oxygen species evoke the formation of the rigid ECM by PaSCs. One source of reactive oxygen species is NADPH oxidase (Nox) enzymes. Nox1 up-regulates the expression of Twist1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in PaSCs from mice with CP. This study determined the functional relationship between Twist1 and MMP-9, and other PaSC-produced proteins, and the extent to which Twist1 regulates digestion of ECM proteins in CP. Twist1 induced the expression of MMP-9 in mouse PaSCs. The action of Twist1 was not selective to MMP-9 because Twist1 induced the expression of types I and IV collagen, fibronectin, transforming growth factor, and α-smooth muscle actin. Using luciferase assay, Twist1 in human primary PaSCs increased the expression of MMP-9 at the transcriptional level in an NF-κB dependent manner. The digestion of type I/III collagen by MMP-9 secreted by PaSCs from mice with CP depended on Twist1. Thus, Twist1 in PaSCs from mice with CP induces rigid ECM production and MMP-9 transcription in an NF-κB-dependent mechanism that selectively displays proteolytic activity toward type I/III collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Geister
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Dalton Ard
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Heer Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Alyssa Findley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Godfrey DeSouza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lyndsay Martin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Henry Knox
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Gavara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Aurelia Lugea
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
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Shakour N, Karami S, Iranshahi M, Butler AE, Sahebkar A. Antifibrotic effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors: A comprehensive review. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2024; 18:102934. [PMID: 38154403 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2023.102934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Scar tissue accumulation in organs is the underlying cause of many fibrotic diseases. Due to the extensive array of organs affected, the long-term nature of fibrotic processes and the large number of people who suffer from the negative impact of these diseases, they constitute a serious health problem for modern medicine and a huge economic burden on society. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are a relatively new class of anti-diabetic pharmaceuticals that offer additional benefits over and above their glucose-lowering properties; these medications modulate a variety of diseases, including fibrosis. Herein, we have collated and analyzed all available research on SGLT2is and their effects on organ fibrosis, together with providing a proposed explanation as to the underlying mechanisms. METHODS PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus were searched spanning the period from 2012 until April 2023 to find relevant articles describing the antifibrotic effects of SGLT2is. RESULTS The majority of reports have shown that SGLT2is are protective against lung, liver, heart and kidney fibrosis as well as arterial stiffness. According to the results of clinical trials and animal studies, many SGLT2 inhibitors are promising candidates for the treatment of fibrosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that SGLT2is affect an array of cellular processes, including hypoxia, inflammation, oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system and metabolic activities, all of which have been linked to fibrosis. CONCLUSION Extensive evidence indicates that SGLT2is are promising treatments for fibrosis, demonstrating protective effects in various organs and influencing key cellular processes linked to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Shakour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shima Karami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Iranshahi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Martínez-Hernández SL, Muñoz-Ortega MH, Ávila-Blanco ME, Medina-Pizaño MY, Ventura-Juárez J. Novel Approaches in Chronic Renal Failure without Renal Replacement Therapy: A Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2828. [PMID: 37893201 PMCID: PMC10604533 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11102828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by renal parenchymal damage leading to a reduction in the glomerular filtration rate. The inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the tissue damage contributing to renal failure. Current therapeutic options encompass dietary control, mineral salt regulation, and management of blood pressure, blood glucose, and fatty acid levels. However, they do not effectively halt the progression of renal damage. This review critically examines novel therapeutic avenues aimed at ameliorating inflammation, mitigating extracellular matrix accumulation, and fostering renal tissue regeneration in the context of CKD. Understanding the mechanisms sustaining a proinflammatory and profibrotic state may offer the potential for targeted pharmacological interventions. This, in turn, could pave the way for combination therapies capable of reversing renal damage in CKD. The non-replacement phase of CKD currently faces a dearth of efficacious therapeutic options. Future directions encompass exploring vaptans as diuretics to inhibit water absorption, investigating antifibrotic agents, antioxidants, and exploring regenerative treatment modalities, such as stem cell therapy and novel probiotics. Moreover, this review identifies pharmaceutical agents capable of mitigating renal parenchymal damage attributed to CKD, targeting molecular-level signaling pathways (TGF-β, Smad, and Nrf2) that predominate in the inflammatory processes of renal fibrogenic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Ags, Mexico
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Ags, Mexico
| | - Manuel Enrique Ávila-Blanco
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Ags, Mexico
| | - Mariana Yazmin Medina-Pizaño
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Ags, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Departamento de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Ags, Mexico
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Huang L, Xing Y, Ning X, Yu Z, Bai X, Liu L, Sun S. Roles of Twist1 in lipid and glucose metabolism. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:270. [PMID: 37784111 PMCID: PMC10544448 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The abnormal lipid and glucose metabolisms are linked to the metabolic disorders, tumorigenesis, and fibrotic diseases, which attracts the increasing attention to find out the key molecules involved in the lipid and glucose metabolism as the possible therapeutic targets on these diseases. A transcriptional factor Twist1 has been associated with not only the embryonic development, cancer, and fibrotic diseases, but also the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. In this review, we will discuss the roles and mechanisms of Twist1 in the obesity-associated white adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, brown adipose tissue metabolism, fatty acid oxidation, and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle to provide a rational perspective to consider Twist1 as a potential treatment target in clinic. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuyifei Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhixiang Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Limin Liu
- School of Medicine, Northwest University, 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Changle Road, No. 127 Changle West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Naas S, Schiffer M, Schödel J. Hypoxia and renal fibrosis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C999-C1016. [PMID: 37661918 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00201.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the final stage of most progressive kidney diseases. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with high comorbidity and mortality. Thus, preventing fibrosis and thereby preserving kidney function increases the quality of life and prolongs the survival of patients with CKD. Many processes such as inflammation or metabolic stress modulate the progression of kidney fibrosis. Hypoxia has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, and oxygen sensing in the kidney is of outstanding importance for the body. The dysregulation of oxygen sensing in the diseased kidney is best exemplified by the loss of stimulation of erythropoietin production from interstitial cells in the fibrotic kidney despite anemia. Furthermore, hypoxia is present in acute or chronic kidney diseases and may affect all cell types present in the kidney including tubular and glomerular cells as well as resident immune cells. Pro- and antifibrotic effects of the transcription factors hypoxia-inducible factors 1 and 2 have been described in a plethora of animal models of acute and chronic kidney diseases, but recent advances in sequencing technologies now allow for novel and deeper insights into the role of hypoxia and its cell type-specific effects on the progression of renal fibrosis, especially in humans. Here, we review existing literature on how hypoxia impacts the development and progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Naas
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Schödel
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Uniklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Huyan Y, Wang C, Kang H, Chen X, Chang Y, Liu S, Song J. Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Molecular Mechanisms of Renal Injury in Essential Hypertension. Kidney Blood Press Res 2023; 48:297-313. [PMID: 37062270 PMCID: PMC10308540 DOI: 10.1159/000530624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hypertensive nephropathy is characterized by glomerular and tubulointerstitial damage, but we know little about changes in cell-specific gene expression in the early stages of hypertensive kidney injury, which usually has no obvious pathological changes. METHODS We performed unbiased single-cell RNA sequencing of rat kidney samples from hypertensive kidney injury to generate 10,602 single-cell transcriptomes from 2 control and 2 early stage hypertensive kidney injury samples. RESULTS All major cell types of the kidney were represented in the final dataset. Side-by-side comparisons showed that cell type-specific changes in gene expression are critical for functional impairment of glomeruli and tubules and activation of immune cells. In particular, we found a significantly reduced gene expression profile of maintaining vascular integrity in glomerular cells of hypertensive kidney injury. Meanwhile, the expression of genes associated with oxidative stress injury and fibrosis in the renal tubules and collecting ducts was elevated, but the degree of tubular cells response to injury differed between parts. We also found a signature of immune cell infiltration in hypertensive kidney injury. CONCLUSION Exploring the changes of gene expression in hypertension-injured kidneys may be helpful to identify the early biomarkers and signal pathways of this disease. Our data provide rich resources for understanding the pathogenesis of hypertensive renal injury and formulating effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Huyan
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongen Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yang L, Gilbertsen A, Xia H, Benyumov A, Smith K, Herrera J, Racila E, Bitterman PB, Henke CA. Hypoxia enhances IPF mesenchymal progenitor cell fibrogenicity via the lactate/GPR81/HIF1α pathway. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e163820. [PMID: 36656644 PMCID: PMC9977506 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a sentinel feature of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The IPF microenvironment contains high lactate levels, and hypoxia enhances cellular lactate production. Lactate, acting through the GPR81 lactate receptor, serves as a signal molecule regulating cellular processes. We previously identified intrinsically fibrogenic mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) that drive fibrosis in the lungs of patients with IPF. However, whether hypoxia enhances IPF MPC fibrogenicity is unclear. We hypothesized that hypoxia increases IPF MPC fibrogenicity via lactate and its cognate receptor GPR81. Here we show that hypoxia promotes IPF MPC self-renewal. The mechanism involves hypoxia-mediated enhancement of LDHA function and lactate production and release. Hypoxia also increases HIF1α levels, and this increase in turn augments the expression of GPR81. Exogenous lactate operating through GPR81 promotes IPF MPC self-renewal. IHC analysis of IPF lung tissue demonstrates IPF MPCs expressing GPR81 and hypoxic markers on the periphery of the fibroblastic focus. We show that hypoxia enhances IPF MPC fibrogenicity in vivo. We demonstrate that knockdown of GPR81 inhibits hypoxia-induced IPF MPC self-renewal in vitro and attenuates hypoxia-induced IPF MPC fibrogenicity in vivo. Our data demonstrate that hypoxia creates a feed-forward loop that augments IPF MPC fibrogenicity via the lactate/GPR81/HIF1α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Karen Smith
- CSENG Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Emil Racila
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Cao Y, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Cellular phenotypic transitions in diabetic nephropathy: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038073. [PMID: 36408221 PMCID: PMC9666367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is the final pathological change in DN. It is widely believed that cellular phenotypic switching is the cause of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Several types of kidney cells undergo activation and differentiation and become reprogrammed to express markers of mesenchymal cells or podocyte-like cells. However, the development of targeted therapy for DN has not yet been identified. Here, we discussed the pathophysiologic changes of DN and delineated the possible origins that contribute to myofibroblasts and podocytes through phenotypic transitions. We also highlight the molecular signaling pathways involved in the phenotypic transition, which would provide valuable information for the activation of phenotypic switching and designing effective therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Chun Zhang,
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Sirtuins and Hypoxia in EMT Control. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060737. [PMID: 35745656 PMCID: PMC9228842 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a physiological process during embryogenesis, can become pathological in the presence of different driving forces. Reduced oxygen tension or hypoxia is one of these forces, triggering a large number of molecular pathways with aberrant EMT induction, resulting in cancer and fibrosis onset. Both hypoxia-induced factors, HIF-1α and HIF-2α, act as master transcription factors implicated in EMT. On the other hand, hypoxia-dependent HIF-independent EMT has also been described. Recently, a new class of seven proteins with deacylase activity, called sirtuins, have been implicated in the control of both hypoxia responses, HIF-1α and HIF-2α activation, as well as EMT induction. Intriguingly, different sirtuins have different effects on hypoxia and EMT, acting as either activators or inhibitors, depending on the tissue and cell type. Interestingly, sirtuins and HIF can be activated or inhibited with natural or synthetic molecules. Moreover, recent studies have shown that these natural or synthetic molecules can be better conveyed using nanoparticles, representing a valid strategy for EMT modulation. The following review, by detailing the aspects listed above, summarizes the interplay between hypoxia, sirtuins, and EMT, as well as the possible strategies to modulate them by using a nanoparticle-based approach.
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Huang X, Guo X, Yan G, Zhang Y, Yao Y, Qiao Y, Wang D, Chen G, Zhang W, Tang C, Cao F. Dapagliflozin Attenuates Contrast-induced Acute Kidney Injury by Regulating the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB Pathway. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 79:904-913. [PMID: 35383661 PMCID: PMC9162274 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) causes clinically acquired nephropathy in patients who undergo coronary interventions. Hypoxic injury to proximal tubular epithelial cells is a pathological mechanism of CI-AKI. Previous studies have shown that hypoxia activates HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB to enhance renal fibrosis, and the SGLT-2 inhibitor luseogliflozin inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α expression to reduce the progression of diabetic nephropathy. However, the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of SGLT-2 inhibitors on CI-AKI are unclear. We explored the role of the HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB pathway in CI-AKI and how dapagliflozin effectively treats CI-AKI by inhibiting this pathway. In vitro, cells were divided into the control, hypoxia, hypoxia + dapagliflozin, and hypoxia + pSilencer-HIF-1α groups. Cellular hypoxia, apoptosis, and related protein expression were evaluated by immunofluorescence, western blotting, and flow cytometry, respectively. Dapagliflozin significantly decreased oxygen consumption, HIF-1α, human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), NF-κB expression, and apoptotic cells compared with the control (P < 0.01). In vivo, rats were divided into the control (C), diabetes (D), diabetes + contrast media, and diabetes + contrast media + dapagliflozin groups. Rats in the latter 2 groups were treated with dapagliflozin for 2 days. CI-AKI was induced by intravenously injecting indomethacin, N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and iohexol. The effects of dapagliflozin on CI-AKI rats were elucidated by assessing renal function, H&E staining, and immunohistochemistry. Serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, TUNEL-positive tubular cells, HIF-1α, HE4, NF-κB expression, and histopathological scores were increased in diabetes + contrast media rats compared with C, D, and diabetes + dapagliflozin + contrast media rats (P < 0.01). Thus, dapagliflozin may ameliorate CI-AKI through suppression of HIF-1α/HE4/NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Guo
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Beijing Luhe Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China;
| | - Gaoliang Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yuyu Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiao
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Gecai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangsu Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
| | - Chengchun Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Geriatric Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China; and
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Shen W, Zhu M, Wang Q, Zhou X, Wang J, Wang T, Zhang J. DARS-AS1 recruits METTL3/METTL14 to bind and enhance DARS mRNA m 6A modification and translation for cytoprotective autophagy in cervical cancer. RNA Biol 2022; 19:751-763. [PMID: 35638109 PMCID: PMC9176263 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2079889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among females. Cytoprotective autophagy could confer cancer cell tolerance to hypoxic stress, promoting cell survival and adaptation. Aspartyl-tRNA synthetase 1 antisense 1 (DARS-AS1) is an oncogenic long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) in various cancers, but how DARS-AS1 regulates cytoprotective autophagy in hypoxic environment in CC remains unclear. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase reporter assays were conducted to explore the interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF1α) and DARS-AS1 promoter. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP) followed by quantitative real-time polymerase-chain reaction (RT-qPCR) detected methylated RNA level. The process of autophagic maturation was monitored by immunofluorescence staining. Higher DARS-AS1 expression was found in CC tissues and cytoprotective. We also uncovered that hypoxic exposure induced cytoprotective autophagy via HIF1α/DARS-AS1/DARS axis. Moreover, DARS-AS1 was validated to facilitate DARS translation via recruiting N6-adenosine-methyltransferase methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) and methyltransferase like 14 (METTL14), which bound with DARS mRNA DARS mRNA 5’ untranslated region (5ʹUTR) and promoting its translation. The present study demonstrated that the ‘HIF1α/DARS-AS1/DARS/ATG5/ATG3’ pathway regulated the hypoxia-induced cytoprotective autophagy of CC and might be a promising target of therapeutic strategies for patients afflicted with CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shen
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Miaohua Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo Women's & Children's Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiming Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo Women's & Children's Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiaying Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Ningbo Women's & Children's Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
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13
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Cao Y, Liang Q, Lan Y, Liu Y. The therapeutic efficacy and safety improvements of crizotinib prodrug micelles on breast cancer treatment. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:469-478. [PMID: 35579888 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2078984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, breast cancer has become a major killer threatening women health. MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that upon binding of its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, activates downstream pathways with diverse cellular functions which are important in occurrence and development of breast cancer. Crizotinib (Cro) is multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting ALK gene recombination, MET gene amplification and ROS gene. Although, Cro has ideal treatment of breast cancer, Cro has stronger hepatotoxicity and lacks targeting capacity to tumor cell, which limited Cro to effectively therapy breast cancer. In this study, we develop a novel prodrug micelle through polymerization reaction polymerizing Cro onto the chain to form POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles, which the drug loading capacity of Cro was significantly increased to improve cumulant of tumor. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies illustrated POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles had significant effect through improving Cro content in tumor. Meanwhile, antitumor mechanism of POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles proved POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles had stronger effect through reducing negative regulatory proteins. POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles had splendid safety through safety study in vivo to account for POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles. Therefore, POEG-b-PCro prodrug micelles are a promising drug delivery strategy for reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of Cro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Qiangwei Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yang Lan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, No. 1160, Shengli Street, Yinchuan, 750004, China.,Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
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14
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Gembillo G, Visconti L, Giuffrida AE, Labbozzetta V, Peritore L, Lipari A, Calabrese V, Piccoli GB, Torreggiani M, Siligato R, Santoro D. Role of Zinc in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071353. [PMID: 35405968 PMCID: PMC9003285 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) represents the most common cause of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) in developed countries. Approximately 30% to 40% of diabetes mellitus (DM) subjects develop DKD, and its presence significantly increases the risk for morbidity and mortality. In this context, Zinc seems to have a potential role in kidney and body homeostasis in diabetic individuals as well as in patients at a high risk of developing this condition. This essential element has functions that may counteract diabetes-related risk factors and complications, which include stabilization of insulin hexamers and pancreatic insulin storage and improved glycemic control. In our review, we analyzed the current knowledge on the role of zinc in the management of renal impairment in course of DM. Several studies underline the critical role of zinc in reducing oxidative stress levels, which is considered the common denominator of the mechanisms responsible for the progression of kidney disease. Reaching and maintaining a proper serum zinc level could represent a valuable target to reduce symptoms related to DM complications and contrast the progression of kidney impairment in patients with the high risk of developing end-stage renal disease. In conclusion, analyzing the beneficial role of zinc in this review would advance our knowledge on the possible strategies of DM and DKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Gembillo
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (D.S.)
| | - Luca Visconti
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia Cervello, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alfio Edoardo Giuffrida
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Labbozzetta
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Luigi Peritore
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonella Lipari
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
| | - Giorgina Barbara Piccoli
- Néphrologie Et Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, 194 Avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France; (G.B.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Massimo Torreggiani
- Néphrologie Et Dialyse, Centre Hospitalier Le Mans, 194 Avenue Rubillard, 72000 Le Mans, France; (G.B.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Rossella Siligato
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Unit of Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Sant’Anna, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Domenico Santoro
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.E.G.); (V.L.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (V.C.)
- Correspondence: (G.G.); (D.S.)
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15
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Afzaal A, Rehman K, Kamal S, Akash MSH. Versatile role of sirtuins in metabolic disorders: From modulation of mitochondrial function to therapeutic interventions. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23047. [PMID: 35297126 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRT1-7) are distinct histone deacetylases (HDACs) whose activity is determined by cellular metabolic status andnicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) levels. HDACs of class III are the members of the SIRT's protein family. SIRTs are the enzymes that modulate mitochondrial activity and energy metabolism. SIRTs have been linked to a number of clinical and physiological operations, such as energy responses to low-calorie availability, aging, stress resistance, inflammation, and apoptosis. Mammalian SIRT2 orthologs have been identified as SIRT1-7 that are found in several subcellular sections, including the cytoplasm (SIRT1, 2), mitochondrial matrix (SIRT3, 4, 5), and the core (SIRT1, 2, 6, 7). For their deacetylase or ADP-ribosyl transferase action, all SIRTs require NAD+ and are linked to cellular energy levels. Evolutionarily, SIRT1 is related to yeast's SIRT2 as well as received primary attention in the circulatory system. An endogenous protein, SIRT1 is involved in the development of heart failure and plays a key role in cell death and survival. SIRT2 downregulation protects against ischemic-reperfusion damage. Increase in human longevity is caused by an increase in SIRT3 expression. Cardiomyocytes are also protected by SIRT3 from oxidative damage and aging, as well as suppressing cardiac hypertrophy. SIRT4 and SIRT5 perform their roles in the heart. SIRT6 has also been linked to a reduction in heart hypertrophy. SIRT7 is known to be involved in the regulation of stress responses and apoptosis in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Afzaal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shagufta Kamal
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Transcriptional and post-transcriptional control of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity: why so many regulators? Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:182. [PMID: 35278142 PMCID: PMC8918127 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04199-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic transition between epithelial-like and mesenchymal-like cell states has been a focus for extensive investigation for decades, reflective of the importance of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) through development, in the adult, and the contributing role EMT has to pathologies including metastasis and fibrosis. Not surprisingly, regulation of the complex genetic networks that underlie EMT have been attributed to multiple transcription factors and microRNAs. What is surprising, however, are the sheer number of different regulators (hundreds of transcription factors and microRNAs) for which critical roles have been described. This review seeks not to collate these studies, but to provide a perspective on the fundamental question of whether it is really feasible that so many regulators play important roles and if so, what does this tell us about EMT and more generally, the genetic machinery that controls complex biological processes.
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17
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Wu Q, Sun S, Wei L, Liu M, Liu H, Liu T, Zhou Y, Jia Q, Wang D, Yang Z, Duan M, Yang X, Gao P, Ning X. Twist1 regulates macrophage plasticity to promote renal fibrosis through galectin-3. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:137. [PMID: 35182235 PMCID: PMC8858306 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Renal interstitial fibrosis is the pathological basis of end-stage renal disease, in which the heterogeneity of macrophages in renal microenvironment plays an important role. However, the molecular mechanisms of macrophage plasticity during renal fibrosis progression remain unclear. In this study, we found for the first time that increased expression of Twist1 in macrophages was significantly associated with the severity of renal fibrosis in IgA nephropathy patients and mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Ablation of Twist1 in macrophages markedly alleviated renal tubular injury and renal fibrosis in UUO mice, accompanied by a lower extent of macrophage infiltration and M2 polarization in the kidney. The knockdown of Twist1 inhibited the chemotaxis and migration of macrophages, at least partially, through the CCL2/CCR2 axis. Twist1 downregulation inhibited M2 macrophage polarization and reduced the secretion of the profibrotic factors Arg-1, MR (CD206), IL-10, and TGF-β. Galectin-3 was decreased in the macrophages of the conditional Twist1-deficient mice, and Twist1 was shown to directly activate galectin-3 transcription. Up-regulation of galectin-3 recovered Twist1-mediated M2 macrophage polarization. In conclusion, Twist1/galectin-3 signaling regulates macrophage plasticity (M2 phenotype) and promotes renal fibrosis. This study could suggest new strategies for delaying kidney fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Geriatrics, Ninth Hospital of Xi'an City, Xi'an, 710054, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lei Wei
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Minna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Menglu Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peisong Gao
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 2B. 71B, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.,Johns Hopkins Asthma and Allergy Center, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Room 3B.71, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Xiaoxuan Ning
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, No. 127 Chang le West Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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18
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Fu Y, Ning L, Feng J, Yu X, Guan F, Li X. Dynamic regulation of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation on STAT3 under hypoxia-induced EMT. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110277. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Hu L, Ding M, He W. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Attenuating Tubular EMT and Kidney Fibrosis by Targeting Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:830340. [PMID: 35082683 PMCID: PMC8784548 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.830340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is defined as a process in which differentiated epithelial cells undergo phenotypic transformation into myofibroblasts capable of producing extracellular matrix, and is generally regarded as an integral part of fibrogenesis after tissue injury. Although there is evidence that the complete EMT of tubular epithelial cells (TECs) is not a major contributor to interstitial myofibroblasts in kidney fibrosis, the partial EMT, a status that damaged TECs remain inside tubules, and co-express both epithelial and mesenchymal markers, has been demonstrated to be a crucial stage for intensifying fibrogenesis in the interstitium. The process of tubular EMT is governed by multiple intracellular pathways, among which Wnt/β-catenin signaling is considered to be essential mainly because it controls the transcriptome associated with EMT, making it a potential therapeutic target against kidney fibrosis. A growing body of data suggest that reducing the hyperactivity of Wnt/β-catenin by natural compounds, specific inhibitors, or manipulation of genes expression attenuates tubular EMT, and interstitial fibrogenesis in the TECs cultured under profibrotic environments and in animal models of kidney fibrosis. These emerging therapeutic strategies in basic researches may provide beneficial ideas for clinical prevention and treatment of chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Hu
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengyuan Ding
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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20
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Arabi T, Shafqat A, Sabbah BN, Fawzy NA, Shah H, Abdulkader H, Razak A, Sabbah AN, Arabi Z. Obesity-related kidney disease: Beyond hypertension and insulin-resistance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1095211. [PMID: 36726470 PMCID: PMC9884830 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1095211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) causes considerable morbidity, mortality, and health expenditures worldwide. Obesity is a significant risk factor for CKD development, partially explained by the high prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in obese patients. However, adipocytes also possess potent endocrine functions, secreting a myriad of cytokines and adipokines that contribute to insulin resistance and induce a chronic low-grade inflammatory state thereby damaging the kidney. CKD development itself is associated with various metabolic alterations that exacerbate adipose tissue dysfunction and insulin resistance. This adipose-renal axis is a major focus of current research, given the rising incidence of CKD and obesity. Cellular senescence is a biologic hallmark of aging, and age is another significant risk factor for obesity and CKD. An elevated senescent cell burden in adipose tissue predicts renal dysfunction in animal models, and senotherapies may alleviate these phenotypes. In this review, we discuss the direct mechanisms by which adipose tissue contributes to CKD development, emphasizing the potential clinical importance of such pathways in augmenting the care of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Arabi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Tarek Arabi,
| | - Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Hassan Shah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Adhil Razak
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ziad Arabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Vaikom House AK, Chetan D, Mital S, Grosse-Wortmann L. Patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot and the HIF1A1744C/T variant have increased imaging markers of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. Int J Cardiol 2021; 350:33-35. [PMID: 34973973 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Right ventricular fibrotic remodeling has been identified pre- and postoperatively in patients with tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) and linked to adverse outcomes. Polymorphisms of hypoxia inducible factor-1-alpha (HIF1A) have been associated with the fibrotic burden by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Their association with diffuse fibrotic myocardial remodeling is unknown. We sought to determine whether polymorphisms in HIF1A are related to CMR markers of diffuse myocardial fibrosis. METHODS Patients with repaired ToF who had undergone CMR with T1 mapping as well as whole genome sequencing were included. Myocardial native T1 was quantified using a modified Look-Locker inversion recovery sequence and measured in the left ventricular free wall, the interventricular septum, and the right ventricular free wall. Patients who had at least one functioning allele of HIF1A were compared to those who did not using the Mann Whitney U test for continuous variables and chi-square or the Fischer test for discrete variables. RESULTS 46 patients had both CMR and whole genome sequencing. Only one HIF1A variant was identified in the cohort and present in 13 patients. There were no significant differences in demographics, surgical variables, right or left ventricular volumes or function between patients with and without the variant. Despite a trend towards a lower age at the time of CMR (11.3 vs 13.7 years; p = 0.07), patients with HIF1A variants had higher native T1 values (1094 vs. 1050; p = 0.027) in the right ventricular outflow tract myocardium, reflecting increased diffuse interstitial ventricular fibrosis in them. CONCLUSION Hypoxia-inducible factor is associated with imaging markers of increased diffuse right ventricular fibrosis late after repair of tetralogy of Fallot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aswathy K Vaikom House
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Cardiology, Oklahoma Children's Hospital - Children's Heart Centre, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Devin Chetan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Seema Mital
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lars Grosse-Wortmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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22
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Vallon V, Nakagawa T. Renal Tubular Handling of Glucose and Fructose in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2021; 12:2995-3044. [PMID: 34964123 PMCID: PMC9832976 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The proximal tubule of the kidney is programmed to reabsorb all filtered glucose and fructose. Glucose is taken up by apical sodium-glucose cotransporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 whereas SGLT5 and potentially SGLT4 and GLUT5 have been implicated in apical fructose uptake. The glucose taken up by the proximal tubule is typically not metabolized but leaves via the basolateral facilitative glucose transporter GLUT2 and is returned to the systemic circulation or used as an energy source by distal tubular segments after basolateral uptake via GLUT1. The proximal tubule generates new glucose in metabolic acidosis and the postabsorptive phase, and fructose serves as an important substrate. In fact, under physiological conditions and intake, fructose taken up by proximal tubules is primarily utilized for gluconeogenesis. In the diabetic kidney, glucose is retained and gluconeogenesis enhanced, the latter in part driven by fructose. This is maladaptive as it sustains hyperglycemia. Moreover, renal glucose retention is coupled to sodium retention through SGLT2 and SGLT1, which induces secondary deleterious effects. SGLT2 inhibitors are new anti-hyperglycemic drugs that can protect the kidneys and heart from failing independent of kidney function and diabetes. Dietary excess of fructose also induces tubular injury. This can be magnified by kidney formation of fructose under pathological conditions. Fructose metabolism is linked to urate formation, which partially accounts for fructose-induced tubular injury, inflammation, and hemodynamic alterations. Fructose metabolism favors glycolysis over mitochondrial respiration as urate suppresses aconitase in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and has been linked to potentially detrimental aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect). © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:2995-3044, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA,VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA,Correspondence to and
| | - Takahiko Nakagawa
- Division of Nephrology, Rakuwakai-Otowa Hospital, Kyoto, Japan,Correspondence to and
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23
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Balvey A, Fernandez M. Translational Control in Liver Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:795298. [PMID: 34912244 PMCID: PMC8667601 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.795298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease is one of the biggest threats to public health worldwide. Worryingly, the incidence of liver disease is dramatically rising due to the aging of the population and the global epidemics of obesity. Both are major risk factors for chronic liver disease and adverse prognostic factors, causing an increase in mortality rate. It is of great concern that 80–95% of obese people have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the major precursor for liver failure and a global health challenge. Currently, the only curative treatment for advanced chronic liver disease is liver transplantation, which is, however, hampered by high treatment costs and the scarcity of donor organs. New strategies are therefore urgently needed to prevent and reverse chronic liver disease. And for that it is essential to understand better the molecular mechanisms underlying human disease. This review focuses on the abnormalities in the regulation of translation by RNA-binding proteins during chronic liver disease and their pathological impact on portal hypertension, fibrosis, steatosis, neovascularization, and cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Balvey
- Laboratory of Translational Control in Liver Disease and Cancer, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernandez
- Laboratory of Translational Control in Liver Disease and Cancer, IDIBAPS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Boussadia Z, Gambardella AR, Mattei F, Parolini I. Acidic and Hypoxic Microenvironment in Melanoma: Impact of Tumour Exosomes on Disease Progression. Cells 2021; 10:3311. [PMID: 34943819 PMCID: PMC8699343 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of melanoma progression have been extensively studied in the last decade, and despite the diagnostic and therapeutic advancements pursued, malignant melanoma still accounts for 60% of skin cancer deaths. Therefore, research efforts are required to better define the intercellular molecular steps underlying the melanoma development. In an attempt to represent the complexity of the tumour microenvironment (TME), here we analysed the studies on melanoma in acidic and hypoxic microenvironments and the interactions with stromal and immune cells. Within TME, acidity and hypoxia force melanoma cells to adapt and to evolve into a malignant phenotype, through the cooperation of the tumour-surrounding stromal cells and the escape from the immune surveillance. The role of tumour exosomes in the intercellular crosstalk has been generally addressed, but less studied in acidic and hypoxic conditions. Thus, this review aims to summarize the role of acidic and hypoxic microenvironment in melanoma biology, as well as the role played by melanoma-derived exosomes (Mexo) under these conditions. We also present a perspective on the characteristics of acidic and hypoxic exosomes to disclose molecules, to be further considered as promising biomarkers for an early detection of the disease. An update on the use of exosomes in melanoma diagnosis, prognosis and response to treatment will be also provided and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaira Boussadia
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Adriana Rosa Gambardella
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Mattei
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Parolini
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Molecular Mechanisms of Hypertensive Nephropathy: Renoprotective Effect of Losartan through Hsp70. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113146. [PMID: 34831368 PMCID: PMC8619557 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis is the second most common cause of end-stage renal disease after diabetes. For years, hypertensive kidney disease has been focused on the afferent arterioles and glomeruli damage and the involvement of the renin angiotensin system (RAS). Nonetheless, in recent years, novel evidence has demonstrated that persistent high blood pressure injures tubular cells, leading to epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Injury primarily determined at the glomerular level by hypertension causes changes in post-glomerular peritubular capillaries that in turn induce endothelial damage and hypoxia. Microvasculature dysfunction, by inducing hypoxic environment, triggers inflammation, EMT with epithelial cells dedifferentiation and fibrosis. Hypertensive kidney disease also includes podocyte effacement and loss, leading to disruption of the filtration barrier. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms and histologic aspects involved in the pathophysiology of hypertensive kidney disease incorporating knowledge about EMT and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. The role of the Hsp70 chaperone on the angiotensin II–induced EMT after angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockage, as a possible molecular target for therapeutic strategy against hypertensive renal damage is discussed.
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Contribution of Oxidative Stress to HIF-1-Mediated Profibrotic Changes during the Kidney Damage. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6114132. [PMID: 34712385 PMCID: PMC8548138 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6114132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia and oxidative stress are the common causes of various types of kidney injury. During recent years, the studies on hypoxia inducible factor- (HIF-) 1 attract more and more attention, which can not only mediate hypoxia adaptation but also contribute to profibrotic changes. Through analyzing related literatures, we found that oxidative stress can regulate the expression and activity of HIF-1α through some signaling molecules, such as prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing protein (PHD), PI-3K, and microRNA. And oxidative stress can take part in inflammation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix deposition mediated by HIF-1 via interacting with classical NF-κB and TGF-β signaling pathways. Therefore, based on previous literatures, this review summarizes the contribution of oxidative stress to HIF-1-mediated profibrotic changes during the kidney damage, in order to further understand the role of oxidative stress in renal fibrosis.
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da Costa VR, Araldi RP, Vigerelli H, D’Ámelio F, Mendes TB, Gonzaga V, Policíquio B, Colozza-Gama GA, Valverde CW, Kerkis I. Exosomes in the Tumor Microenvironment: From Biology to Clinical Applications. Cells 2021; 10:2617. [PMID: 34685596 PMCID: PMC8533895 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important health problems and the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite the advances in oncology, cancer heterogeneity remains challenging to therapeutics. This is because the exosome-mediated crosstalk between cancer and non-cancer cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) contributes to the acquisition of all hallmarks of cancer and leads to the formation of cancer stem cells (CSCs), which exhibit resistance to a range of anticancer drugs. Thus, this review aims to summarize the role of TME-derived exosomes in cancer biology and explore the clinical potential of mesenchymal stem-cell-derived exosomes as a cancer treatment, discussing future prospects of cell-free therapy for cancer treatment and challenges to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Rodrigues da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Rodrigo Pinheiro Araldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Hugo Vigerelli
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Fernanda D’Ámelio
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
| | - Thais Biude Mendes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Vivian Gonzaga
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Bruna Policíquio
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
| | - Gabriel Avelar Colozza-Gama
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetic Bases of Thyroid Tumors Laboratory, Division of Genetics, Department of Morphology and Genetics, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil
| | | | - Irina Kerkis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFES), São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (T.B.M.); (G.A.C.-G.)
- Genetics Laboratory, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05508-010, Brazil; (H.V.); (F.D.); (V.G.); (B.P.)
- Cellavita Pesquisas Científicas Ltd.a., Valinhos 13271-650, Brazil;
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Nagavally RR, Sunilkumar S, Akhtar M, Trombetta LD, Ford SM. Chrysin Ameliorates Cyclosporine-A-Induced Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting TGF-β 1-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910252. [PMID: 34638597 PMCID: PMC8508845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclosporine A (CsA) is a nephrotoxicant that causes fibrosis via induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The flavonoid chrysin has been reported to have anti-fibrotic activity and inhibit signaling pathways that are activated during EMT. This study investigated the nephroprotective role of chrysin in the prevention of CsA-induced renal fibrosis and elucidated a mechanism of inhibition against CsA-induced EMT in proximal tubule cells. Treatment with chrysin prevented CsA-induced renal dysfunction in Sprague Dawley rats measured by blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and creatinine clearance. Chrysin inhibited CsA-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis, characterized by reduced tubular damage and collagen deposition. In vitro, chrysin significantly inhibited EMT in LLC-PK1 cells, evidenced by inhibition of cell migration, decreased collagen expression, reduced presence of mesenchymal markers and elevated epithelial junction proteins. Furthermore, chrysin co-treatment diminished CsA-induced TGF-β1 signaling pathways, decreasing Smad 3 phosphorylation which lead to a subsequent reduction in Snail expression. Chrysin also inhibited activation of the Akt/ GSK-3β pathway. Inhibition of both pathways diminished the cytosolic accumulation of β-catenin, a known trigger for EMT. In conclusion, flavonoids such as chrysin offer protection against CsA-induced renal dysfunction and interstitial fibrosis. Chrysin was shown to inhibit CsA-induced TGF-β1-dependent EMT in proximal tubule cells by modulation of Smad-dependent and independent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohan Reddy Nagavally
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
- Viatris Inc., 1000 Mylan Blvd, Canonsburg, PA 15317, USA
| | - Siddharth Sunilkumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Mumtaz Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
| | - Louis D. Trombetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
| | - Sue M. Ford
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; (R.R.N.); (S.S.); (M.A.); (L.D.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-71-8990-6220
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Kao CN, Moi SH, Hou MF, Luo CW, Chen FM, Pan MR. RNF8-CDH1 Co-Expression Predicts Clinical Benefit of Chemoradiotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070655. [PMID: 34357122 PMCID: PMC8307233 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and exhibits an overall poor outcome. Due to the lack of targeted therapy, conventional systemic chemotherapy has been the main strategy for the treatment of TNBC. Further evidence has shown that combining radiation with chemotherapy is also a suitable treatment based on DNA repair deficiencies in patients with TNBC. However, the preferred treatment for metastatic TNBC remains unclear. Therefore, identification of biomarkers is an unmet need in personalized therapy for TNBC. RNF8 (ring finger protein 8) is a ubiquitin ligase implicated in TNBC metastasis; however, its role in TNBC pathogenesis is unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the roles of the RNF8-CDH1(Cadherin 1) axis in node-positive TNBC patients. We found that the RNF8high/CDH1low index was significantly higher in patients with TNBC than in patients without TNBC. Furthermore, patients with an RNF8high/CDH1low index displayed poorer outcomes than those with an RNF8low-medium/CDH1medium-high index. Notably, as compared to patients with an RNF8low-medium/CDH1medium-high index, those with an RNF8high/CDH1low index had a poorer survival rate with chemotherapy treatment alone. The combination of radiation and chemotherapy resulted in a better survival rate than chemotherapy alone in patients with an RNF8high/CDH1low index. Taken together, the RNF8high/CDH1low index not only functions as a prognostic and therapeutic marker but may also act as a target in the development of anti-cancer agents for patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ni Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Sin-Hua Moi
- Center of Cancer Program Development, E-Da Cancer Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Feng Hou
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.-F.H.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101-6060 (M.-F.H.); +886-7-3121101-5092-94 (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
| | - Chi-Wen Luo
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Fang-Ming Chen
- Division of Breast Oncology and Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; (C.-W.L.); (F.-M.C.)
| | - Mei-Ren Pan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan;
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-F.H.); (M.-R.P.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101-6060 (M.-F.H.); +886-7-3121101-5092-94 (M.-R.P.); Fax: +886-7-3218309 (M.-R.P.)
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30
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Zhang Y, Jin D, Kang X, Zhou R, Sun Y, Lian F, Tong X. Signaling Pathways Involved in Diabetic Renal Fibrosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696542. [PMID: 34327204 PMCID: PMC8314387 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), as the most common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), is the major cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal interstitial fibrosis is a crucial metabolic change in the late stage of DKD, which is always considered to be complex and irreversible. In this review, we discuss the pathological mechanisms of diabetic renal fibrosis and discussed some signaling pathways that are closely related to it, such as the TGF-β, MAPK, Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt, JAK/STAT, and Notch pathways. The cross-talks among these pathways were then discussed to elucidate the complicated cascade behind the tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Finally, we summarized the new drugs with potential therapeutic effects on renal fibrosis and listed related clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the mechanisms and related pathways of renal fibrosis in DKD and to provide novel therapeutic intervention insights for clinical research to delay the progression of renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuting Sun
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Endocrinology Department, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Endocrinology Department, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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31
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González-González R, Ortiz-Sarabia G, Molina-Frechero N, Salas-Pacheco JM, Salas-Pacheco SM, Lavalle-Carrasco J, López-Verdín S, Tremillo-Maldonado O, Bologna-Molina R. Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Associated with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13123027. [PMID: 34204259 PMCID: PMC8234594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13123027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive, recurrent, and metastatic neoplasms with a high occurrence around the world and can lead to death when not treated appropriately. Several molecules and signaling pathways are involved in the malignant conversion process. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been described in HNSCCs, a major type of aggressive carcinoma. EMT describes the development of epithelial cells into mesenchymal cells, which depends on several molecular interactions and signaling pathways that facilitate mesenchymal conversion. This is related to interactions with the microenvironment of the tumor, hypoxia, growth factors, matrix metalloproteinases, and the presence of viral infections. In this review, we focus on the main molecules related to EMT, their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, plasticity phenomena, epigenetic regulation, hypoxia, inflammation, their relationship with immune cells, and the inhibition of EMT in the context of HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogelio González-González
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
| | - Gamaliel Ortiz-Sarabia
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
| | - Nelly Molina-Frechero
- Xochimilco Unit, Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (N.M.-F.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - José Manuel Salas-Pacheco
- Scientific Research Institute, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (J.M.S.-P.); (S.M.S.-P.)
| | - Sergio Manuel Salas-Pacheco
- Scientific Research Institute, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Avenida Universidad S/N, Durango 34000, Mexico; (J.M.S.-P.); (S.M.S.-P.)
| | - Jesús Lavalle-Carrasco
- Xochimilco Unit, Department of Health Care, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM) Xochimilco, Mexico City 04960, Mexico; (N.M.-F.); (J.L.-C.)
| | - Sandra López-Verdín
- Health Science Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 4430, Mexico;
| | - Omar Tremillo-Maldonado
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
| | - Ronell Bologna-Molina
- Department of Research, School of Dentistry, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico; (R.G.-G.); (G.O.-S.); (O.T.-M.)
- Molecular Pathology Area, School of Dentistry, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11600, Uruguay
- Correspondence:
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32
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van Gisbergen MW, Zwilling E, Dubois LJ. Metabolic Rewiring in Radiation Oncology Toward Improving the Therapeutic Ratio. Front Oncol 2021; 11:653621. [PMID: 34041023 PMCID: PMC8143268 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.653621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the anabolic demands of the proliferative potential of tumor cells, malignant cells tend to rewire their metabolic pathways. Although different types of malignant cells share this phenomenon, there is a large intracellular variability how these metabolic patterns are altered. Fortunately, differences in metabolic patterns between normal tissue and malignant cells can be exploited to increase the therapeutic ratio. Modulation of cellular metabolism to improve treatment outcome is an emerging field proposing a variety of promising strategies in primary tumor and metastatic lesion treatment. These strategies, capable of either sensitizing or protecting tissues, target either tumor or normal tissue and are often focused on modulating of tissue oxygenation, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) stabilization, glucose metabolism, mitochondrial function and the redox balance. Several compounds or therapies are still in under (pre-)clinical development, while others are already used in clinical practice. Here, we describe different strategies from bench to bedside to optimize the therapeutic ratio through modulation of the cellular metabolism. This review gives an overview of the current state on development and the mechanism of action of modulators affecting cellular metabolism with the aim to improve the radiotherapy response on tumors or to protect the normal tissue and therefore contribute to an improved therapeutic ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marike W van Gisbergen
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma Zwilling
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Ludwig J Dubois
- The M-Lab, Department of Precision Medicine, GROW-School for Oncology and Developmental Biology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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33
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Huang W, Zhang J, Huo M, Gao J, Yang T, Yin X, Wang P, Leng S, Feng D, Chen Y, Yang Y, Wang Y. CUL4B Promotes Breast Carcinogenesis by Coordinating with Transcriptional Repressor Complexes in Response to Hypoxia Signaling Pathway. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2001515. [PMID: 34026424 PMCID: PMC8132058 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cullin4B (CUL4B) is a scaffold protein of the CUL4B-Ring E3 ligase (CRL4B) complex. However, the role of CUL4B in the development of breast cancer remains poorly understood. Here it is shown that CRL4B interacts with multiple histone deacetylase (HDAC)-containing corepressor complexes, including MTA1/NuRD, SIN3A, CoREST, and NcoR/SMRT complexes. It is demonstrated that CRL4B/NuRD(MTA1) complexes cooccupy the E-cadherin and AXIN2 promoters, and could be recruited by transcription factors including Snail and ZEB2 to promote cell invasion and tumorigenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, CUL4B responded to transformation and migration/invasion stimuli and is essential for multiple epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling pathways such as hypoxia. Furthermore, the transcription of CUL4B is directedly activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and repressed by the ERα-GATA3 axis. Overexpressing of CUL4B successfully induced CSC-like properties. Strikingly, CUL4B expression is markedly upregulated during breast cancer progression and correlated with poor prognosis. The results suggest that CUL4B lies at a critical crossroads between EMT and stem cell properties, supporting CUL4B as a potential novel target for the development of anti-breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jingyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Miaomiao Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Jie Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Xin Yin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Pei Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Shuai Leng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Dandan Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
| | - Yan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis ResearchAdvanced Innovation Center for Human Brain ProtectionDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular OncologyNational Cancer CenterNational Clinical Research Center for CancerCancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing100021China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical EpigeneticsTianjin Key Laboratory of Medical EpigeneticsKey Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education)Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjin300070China
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Rychik J, Goldmuntz E. Invited Commentary: The Hunt for Mechanistic Origins of Liver Fibrosis in the Fontan Circulation. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg 2021; 12:173-175. [PMID: 33684002 DOI: 10.1177/2150135121989974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jack Rychik
- Division of Cardiology, 6567The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Goldmuntz
- Division of Cardiology, 6567The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA
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Weng M, Feng Y, He Y, Yang W, Li J, Zhu Y, Wang T, Wang C, Zhang X, Qiao Y, Li Q, Zhao L, Gao S, Zhang L, Wu Y, Zhao R, Wang G, Li Z, Jin X, Zheng T, Li X. Hypoxia-Induced LIN28A mRNA Promotes the Metastasis of Colon Cancer in a Protein-Coding-Independent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642930. [PMID: 33665193 PMCID: PMC7921329 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoxic microenvironment is beneficial to the metastasis but not to the proliferation of cancer cells. However, the mechanisms regarding to hypoxia differentially regulating cancer metastasis and proliferation are largely unknown. In this study, we revealed that hypoxia induced the expression of LIN28A at mRNA level but segregated LIN28A mRNAs in the P-bodies and thus inhibits the production of LIN28A protein. This unexpected finding suggests that there may be non-coding role for LIN28A mRNA in the progression of colon cancer. We further showed that the non-coding LIN28A mRNA promotes the metastasis but not proliferation of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, we revealed that methionyl aminopeptidase 2 (METAP2) is one of the up-regulated metastasis regulators upon over-expression of non-coding LIN28A identified by mass spectrum, and confirmed that it is non-coding LIN28A mRNA instead of LIN28A protein promotes the expression of METAP2. Moreover, we demonstrated that knockdown of DICER abolished the promotional effects of non-coding LIN28A on the metastasis and METAP2 expression. Conclusively, we showed that hypoxia induces the production of LIN28A mRNAs but segregated them into the P-bodies together with miRNAs targeting both LIN28A and METAP2, and then promotes the metastasis by positively regulating the expression of METAP2. This study uncovered a distinctive role of hypoxia in manipulating the metastasis and proliferation by differently regulating the expression of LIN28A at mRNA and protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjiao Weng
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yukuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Province for Cancer Prevention and Control, School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tianzhen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuhan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuangshu Gao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yiqi Wu
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ran Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Jin
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tongsen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaobo Li
- Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Chen T, Li K, Liu Z, Liu J, Wang Y, Sun R, Li Z, Qiu B, Zhang X, Ren G, Xu Y, Zhang Z. WDR5 facilitates EMT and metastasis of CCA by increasing HIF-1α accumulation in Myc-dependent and independent pathways. Mol Ther 2021; 29:2134-2150. [PMID: 33601056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a highly aggressive malignancy with extremely poor prognoses. The oncogenic role and prognostic value of c-Myc in CCA is not well elucidated. WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) is a critical regulatory factor directly interacting with c-Myc to regulate c-Myc recruitment at chromosomal locations, but the interaction of WDR5 and c-Myc in CCA was uncovered. In our study, we detected WDR5 and c-Myc expression in all CCA types, including intrahepatic (iCCA), perihilar (pCCA), and distal (dCCA) CCA, and evaluated their prognostic significance. Consequently, we demonstrated that WDR5 was significantly correlated with poor prognosis of CCA and that WDR5 and c-Myc co-expression was a more sensitive prognostic factor. With in vitro and in vivo experiments and bioinformatics, we showed that WDR5 interacted with the Myc box IIIb (MBIIIb) motif of c-Myc and facilitated Myc-induced HIF1A transcription, thereby promoting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and metastasis of CCA. Moreover, WDR5 enhanced hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF-1α) accumulation by binding with histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) and increasing histone 3 lysine 4 acetylation (H3K4ac) deacetylation of the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) promoter, resulting in the attenuation of chromatin opening and PHD2 expression, and eventually leading to HIF-1α stabilization and accumulation. In conclusion, WDR5 facilitated EMT and metastasis of CCA by increasing HIF-1α accumulation in a Myc-dependent pathway to promote HIF-1α transcription and a Myc-independent pathway to stabilize HIF-1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Kangshuai Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zengli Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jialiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Rongqi Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zhipeng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China; Department of General Surgery, Shandong Second Provincial General Hospital, Shandong Provincial ENT Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China
| | - Guangli Ren
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Zongli Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Zhu F, Li H, Long T, Zhou M, Wan J, Tian J, Zhou Z, Hu Z, Nie J. Tubular Numb promotes renal interstitial fibrosis via modulating HIF-1α protein stability. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166081. [PMID: 33486098 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is the ultimate common pathway of all manners of chronic kidney disease. We previously demonstrated that specific deletion of Numb in proximal tubular cells (PTCs) prevented G2/M arrest and attenuated renal fibrosis. However, how Numb modulates cell cycle arrest remains unclear. Here, we showed that Numb overexpression significantly increased the protein level of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Numb overexpression-induced G2/M arrest was blocked by silencing endogenous HIF-1α, subsequently downregulated the expression of cyclin G1 which is an atypical cyclin to promote G2/M arrest of PTCs. Further analysis revealed that Numb-augmented HIF-1α protein was blocked by simultaneously overexpressing MDM2. Moreover, silencing Numb decreased TGF-β1-induceded HIF-1α protein expression. While endogenous MDM2 was knocked down this reduction was reversed, indicating that Numb stabilized HIF-1α protein via interfering MDM2-mediated HIF-1α protein degradation. Interestingly, HIF-1α overexpression significantly upregulated the expression of Numb and silencing endogenous HIF-1α blocked CoCl2 or TGF-β1-induced Numb expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays demonstrated that HIF-1α binded to the promoter region of Numb. This binding was significantly increased by TGF-β1. Collectively, these data indicate that Numb and HIF-1α cooperates to promote G2/M arrest of PTCs, and thus aggravates tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Numb might be a potential target for the therapy of tubulointerstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tantan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiao Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhanmei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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Li C, Yang N, Chen Z, Xia N, Shan Q, Wang Z, Lu J, Shang M, Wang Z. Hypoxia-induced Tie1 drives stemness and cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:57. [PMID: 33461544 PMCID: PMC7814430 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Drug resistance and metastasis involving hypoxic tumor environments and persistent stem cell populations are detrimental to the survival of patients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Tie1 is upregulated in hypoxia and is believed to counteract the effectiveness of platinum agents by promoting the stemness properties in cells. We have investigated the association of Tie1 with HIF-1α and cisplatin resistance in NSCLC cell lines. Methods The expression of Tie1 in a pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell line (HPMEC) and NSCLC cell lines was detected using qRT-PCR and western blotting. The effect of Tie1 on cell stemness and migration was examined by sphere-forming and transwell assays in NSCLC cells with Tie1 silenced. The regulation of Tie1 by HIF-1α was evaluated by a dual-luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Results We found that hypoxia could induce stemness and cisplatin resistance in vitro. Tie1 was expressed at low levels in NSCLC cells when compared with human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, however, its expression was increased by hypoxia. Additionally, Tie1 knockdown could reduce stemness properties and increase sensitivity to cisplatin in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. The promoter of Tie1 contains two predicted hypoxia-response elements (HREs). We mutated both HRE sites and conducted chromatin immune-precipitation and promoter luciferase reporter assays and were able to conclude that the induction of Tie1 by hypoxia was HIF-1α-dependent. Conclusions Our findings indicated that Tie1 is upregulated in a hypoxic environment by HIF-1α and contributes to tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance through the promotion of stemness in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaojie Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nannan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zhijin Chen
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ning Xia
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qungang Shan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ziyin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Mingyi Shang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 1111 Xianxia Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, 200025, China. .,Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 197 Ruijin Er Road, Shanghai, 200000, China.
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Li S, Wang Y, Wang Z, Chen L, Zuo B, Liu C, Sun D. Enhanced renoprotective effect of GDNF-modified adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells on renal interstitial fibrosis. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:27. [PMID: 33413640 PMCID: PMC7792009 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-02049-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from human adipose tissue on renal interstitial fibrosis has been demonstrated by several groups. However, the way to enhance the renoprotective effect of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) and the possible mechanisms are still unclear. The present study aimed to determine whether glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-modified AMSCs hold an enhanced protective effect on renal fibrosis. Methods AMSCs were isolated and purified for culture. The gene GDNF has been constructed to transfect into AMSCs. The ability of GFP-AMSCs and GDNF-AMSCs supernatants to promote tube formation of endothelial cells, repair damaged endothelial cell junctions, and improve endothelial cell function was compared by using tube formation assay, immunofluorescence techniques, and vascular ring assay, respectively. Furthermore, HE and Masson staining were used to observe the histological morphology of the kidney in vivo. Peritubular capillary changes were detected and analyzed by fluorescence microangiography (FMA). Meanwhile, the hypoxia, oxidative stress, fibrotic markers, and PI3K/Akt pathway proteins were measured by western blot or qRT-PCR technics. Results Compared with GFP-AMSCs only, GDNF-AMSCs could enhance the repair of injured endothelial cells and promote angiogenesis through secreting more growth factors in the supernatant of GDNF-AMSC culture media demonstrated in vitro studies. Studies in vivo, unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO)-induced mice were injected with transfected AMSCs through their tail veins. We showed that enhanced homing of AMSCs was observed in the GDNF-AMSC group compared with the GFP-AMSC group. The animals treated with GDNF-AMSCs exhibited an improvement of capillary rarefaction and fibrosis induced by obstructed kidney compared with the GFP-AMSC group. Furthermore, we reported that GDNF-AMSCs protect renal tissues against microvascular injuries via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Therefore, GDNF-AMSCs further ameliorated the tissue hypoxia, suppressed oxidative stress, and finally inhibited endothelial to mesenchymal transition noting by decreased coexpression of endothelial cell (CD31) and myofibroblast (a-SMA) markers. Conclusion Collectively, our data indicated that the GDNF gene enhances the ability of AMSCs in improving renal microcirculation through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signaling pathway and afterward inhibit the EndMT process and kidney fibrogenesis, which should have a vast of implications in designing future remedies for chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuojun Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangjie Zuo
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, 99 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Diagnostics, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, China.
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Srivastava SP, Kanasaki K, Goodwin JE. Loss of Mitochondrial Control Impacts Renal Health. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:543973. [PMID: 33362536 PMCID: PMC7756079 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.543973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of mitochondrial biosynthesis or dynamics, or loss of control over mitochondrial regulation leads to a significant alteration in fuel preference and metabolic shifts that potentially affect the health of kidney cells. Mitochondria regulate metabolic networks which affect multiple cellular processes. Indeed, mitochondria have established themselves as therapeutic targets in several diseases. The importance of mitochondria in regulating the pathogenesis of several diseases has been recognized, however, there is limited understanding of mitochondrial biology in the kidney. This review provides an overview of mitochondrial dysfunction in kidney diseases. We describe the importance of mitochondria and mitochondrial sirtuins in the regulation of renal metabolic shifts in diverse cells types, and review this loss of control leads to increased cell-to-cell transdifferentiation processes and myofibroblast-metabolic shifts, which affect the pathophysiology of several kidney diseases. In addition, we examine mitochondrial-targeted therapeutic agents that offer potential leads in combating kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Internal Medicine 1, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Julie E. Goodwin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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Morita M, Kanasaki K. Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors for diabetic kidney disease: Targeting Warburg effects in proximal tubular cells. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2020; 46:353-361. [PMID: 32891754 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) have undoubtedly shifted the paradigm for diabetes medicine and research and, especially, diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The pharmacological action of SGLT2 inhibitors is simply the release of glucose into urine; however, precisely how SGLT2 inhibitors contribute to the health of those with diabetes has still not been completely elucidated. Towards this end, the present review provides a novel insight into the action of SGLT2 inhibitors by highlighting a neglected fuel-burning system found in proximal tubular cells-'glycolysis'. In addition, exploring the details of the molecular mechanisms and clinical biomarkers of the organ protection conferred by SGLT2 inhibitors is now required to prepare for the next stage of clinical diabetes medicine-the 'post-SGLT2 inhibitor era'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miwa Morita
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan
| | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo 693-8501, Japan; Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0293, Japan.
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Ullah MM, Basile DP. Role of Renal Hypoxia in the Progression From Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2020; 39:567-580. [PMID: 31836039 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 20 years, there has been an increased appreciation of the long-term sequelae of acute kidney injury (AKI) and the potential development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Several pathophysiologic features have been proposed to mediate AKI to CKD progression including maladaptive alterations in tubular, interstitial, inflammatory, and vascular cells. These alterations likely interact to culminate in the progression to CKD. In this article we focus primarily on evidence of vascular rarefaction secondary to AKI, and the potential mechanisms by which rarefaction occurs in relation to other alterations in tubular and interstitial compartments. We further focus on the potential that rarefaction contributes to renal hypoxia. Consideration of the role of hypoxia in AKI to CKD transition focuses on experimental evidence of persistent renal hypoxia after AKI and experimental maneuvers to evaluate the influence of hypoxia, per se, in progressive disease. Finally, consideration of methods to evaluate hypoxia in patients is provided with the suggestion that noninvasive measurement of renal hypoxia may provide insight into progression in post-AKI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mahbub Ullah
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - David P Basile
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN.
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Liu L, Zhang P, Bai M, He L, Zhang L, Liu T, Yang Z, Duan M, Liu M, Liu B, Du R, Qian Q, Sun S. p53 upregulated by HIF-1α promotes hypoxia-induced G2/M arrest and renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:371-382. [PMID: 30032308 PMCID: PMC7727266 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia plays an important role in the genesis and progression of renal fibrosis. The underlying mechanisms, however, have not been sufficiently elucidated. We examined the role of p53 in hypoxia-induced renal fibrosis in cell culture (human and rat renal tubular epithelial cells) and a mouse unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. Cell cycle of tubular cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of profibrogenic factors was determined by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter experiments were performed to explore the effect of HIF-1α on p53 expression. We showed that, in hypoxic tubular cells, p53 upregulation suppressed the expression of CDK1 and cyclins B1 and D1, leading to cell cycle (G2/M) arrest (or delay) and higher expression of TGF-β, CTGF, collagens, and fibronectin. p53 suppression by siRNA or by a specific p53 inhibitor (PIF-α) triggered opposite effects preventing the G2/M arrest and profibrotic changes. In vivo experiments in the UUO model revealed similar antifibrotic results following intraperitoneal administration of PIF-α (2.2 mg/kg). Using gain-of-function, loss-of-function, and luciferase assays, we further identified an HRE3 region on the p53 promoter as the HIF-1α-binding site. The HIF-1α–HRE3 binding resulted in a sharp transcriptional activation of p53. Collectively, we show the presence of a hypoxia-activated, p53-responsive profibrogenic pathway in the kidney. During hypoxia, p53 upregulation induced by HIF-1α suppresses cell cycle progression, leading to the accumulation of G2/M cells, and activates profibrotic TGF-β and CTGF-mediated signaling pathways, causing extracellular matrix production and renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ming Bai
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijie He
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Menglu Duan
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Minna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Baojian Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Du
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Navy General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qian
- Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Mayo Graduate School, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Shiren Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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44
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Zhao JY, Wang XL, Yang YC, Zhang B, Wu YB. Upregulated miR-101 inhibits acute kidney injury-chronic kidney disease transition by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Hum Exp Toxicol 2020; 39:1628-1638. [PMID: 32633566 DOI: 10.1177/0960327120937334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an independent risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role and mechanism of microRNA (miRNA, miR) in AKI-CKD transition are elusive. In this study, a murine model of renal ischemia/reperfusion was established to investigate the repairing effect and mechanism of miR-101a-3p on renal injury. The pathological damage of renal tissue was observed by hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining. The levels of miR-101, profibrotic cytokines, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers were analyzed using Western blotting, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and/or immunofluorescence. MiR-101 overexpression caused the downregulation of α-smooth muscle actin, collagen-1, and vimentin, as well as upregulation of E-cadherin, thereby alleviating the degree of renal tissue damage. MiR-101 overexpression mitigated hypoxic HK-2 cell damage. Collagen, type X, alpha 1 and transforming growth factor β receptor 1 levels were downregulated in hypoxic cells transfected with miR-101 mimic. Our study indicates that miR-101 is an anti-EMT miRNA, which provides a novel therapeutic strategy for AKI-CKD transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-Y Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - X-L Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-C Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - B Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Y-B Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, 85024Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
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45
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Li S, Lin Q, Shao X, Zhu X, Wu J, Wu B, Zhang M, Zhou W, Zhou Y, Jin H, Zhang Z, Qi C, Shen J, Mou S, Gu L, Ni Z. Drp1-regulated PARK2-dependent mitophagy protects against renal fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:632-649. [PMID: 31825802 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy is a principle mechanism to degrade damaged mitochondria through PARK2-dependent or PARK2-independent pathway. Mitophagy has been identified to play an important role in acute kidney disease, whereas its role in renal fibrosis remains ill-defined. We sought to investigate the involvement and regulation of mitophagy in renal tubular epithelial cell(RTEC) injury and renal fibrosis after unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO). Mitochondrial damageand mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was increased in kidney after obstruction of the left ureter. Mitophagy was increased in kidneys following UUO and HK-2 cells under hypoxia exposure, assessed by electron microscopy of mitophagosome, colocalization of MitotrackerRed-stained mitochondria and LC3 staining. The upregulation of PINK1, PARK2, and LC3 II in mitochondrial fraction was observed in the obstructed kidney and hypoxia-exposed HK-2 cells. Pink1 or Park2 gene deletion markedly increased mtROS production, mitochondrial damage, TGFβ1 expression in RTEC, and renal fibrosis in UUO. Mitochondrial recruitment of Drp1 was also induced after UUO. The Drp1 inhibitor, Mdivi-1, decreased mitochondrial PINK1, PARK2 and LC3II level, increased mtROS production both in vivo and in vitro, activated TGFβ1-Smad2/3 signaling in HK-2 cells under hypoxia and worsened renal fibrosis following UUO. The upregulation of TGFβ1 signaling in hypoxia-treated HK-2 cells due to PINK1 or PARK2 silencing, or worsened renal fibrosis after UUO due to Pink1-or Park2-KO mice was rescued by mitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant. The findings of this study suggest that Drp1-regulated PARK2-dependent mitophagy plays a critical role in hypoxia-induced renal tubular epithelial cell injury and renal fibrosis in UUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Qisheng Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xinghua Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Xuying Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jingkui Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Bei Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Minfang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yijun Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Haijiao Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chaojun Qi
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Jianxiao Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Shan Mou
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Leyi Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zhaohui Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
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46
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Wei X, Zhu X, Jiang L, Huang X, Zhang Y, Zhao D, Du Y. Recent advances in understanding the role of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α in renal fibrosis. Int Urol Nephrol 2020; 52:1287-1295. [PMID: 32378138 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-020-02474-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is the most common pathological manifestation of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and with numerous influencing factors, its pathogenesis is complex. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is known to promote the progression of renal fibrosis via alterations in the secreted proteome. Moreover, blocking or even reversing EMT can effectively reduce the degree of fibrosis. As such, targeting the key molecules responsible for promoting EMT may be an effective strategy for inhibiting renal fibrosis. Research in recent years has demonstrated that hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) acts to promote renal fibrosis through regulation of EMT. However, the relationship between HIF-1α and EMT remains incompletely understood. In the present review, the underlying mechanism of the interaction between HIF-1α and EMT is explored to provide novel insight into the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis and new ideas for early targeted intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuejiao Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Lili Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiu Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yujun Du
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, 71 XinMin Street, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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47
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Li J, Liu H, Takagi S, Nitta K, Kitada M, Srivastava SP, Takagaki Y, Kanasaki K, Koya D. Renal protective effects of empagliflozin via inhibition of EMT and aberrant glycolysis in proximal tubules. JCI Insight 2020; 5:129034. [PMID: 32134397 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are beneficial in halting diabetic kidney disease; however, the complete mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with the suppression of sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) and aberrant glycolysis. Here, we hypothesized that the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin restores normal kidney histology and function in association with the inhibition of aberrant glycolysis in diabetic kidneys. CD-1 mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes displayed kidney fibrosis that was associated with the EMT at 4 months after diabetes induction. Empagliflozin intervention for 1 month restored all pathological changes; however, adjustment of blood glucose by insulin did not. Empagliflozin normalized the suppressed Sirt3 levels and aberrant glycolysis that was characterized by HIF-1α accumulation, hexokinase 2 induction, and pyruvate kinase isozyme M2 dimer formation in diabetic kidneys. Empagliflozin also suppressed the accumulation of glycolysis byproducts in diabetic kidneys. Another SGLT2 inhibitor, canagliflozin, demonstrated similar in vivo effects. High-glucose media induced the EMT, which was associated with Sirt3 suppression and aberrant glycolysis induction, in the HK2 proximal tubule cell line; SGLT2 knockdown suppressed the EMT, with restoration of all aberrant functions. SGLT2 suppression in tubular cells also inhibited the mesenchymal transition of neighboring endothelial cells. Taken together, SGLT2 inhibitors exhibit renoprotective potential that is partially dependent on the inhibition of glucose reabsorption and subsequent aberrant glycolysis in kidney tubules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinpeng Li
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and
| | - Haijie Liu
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and
| | | | - Kyoko Nitta
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and
| | - Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Swayam Prakash Srivastava
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and.,Nephrology Section, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Keizo Kanasaki
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.,Department of Internal Medicine 1, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Enya-cho, Izumo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology and.,Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
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48
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49
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Ren J, Crowley SD. Twist1: A Double-Edged Sword in Kidney Diseases. KIDNEY DISEASES 2020; 6:247-257. [PMID: 32903940 DOI: 10.1159/000505188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Twist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix domain containing transcription factor that regulates cell differentiation, migration, proliferation, survival, and inflammatory responses by transcriptionally regulating a wide range of downstream target genes. Its homologous protein, Twist2, shares many structural and functional similarities with Twist1. Summary Accumulating evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies suggests that Twist1 is a pivotal regulator of several forms of renal disease. Twist1 is persistently activated following renal insults, particularly in chronic kidney diseases, and contributes to the renal inflammatory responses, tubular cell transformation programs, and possibly fibroblast activation, all of which are involved in the initiation and progression of kidney diseases. Key Message This review will specifically focus on Twist1 and outline our understanding of its functions in kidney disorders along with the introduction of Twist2 where pertinent. The thorough knowledge of Twist1's actions in the pathogenesis of kidney diseases should facilitate the development of novel therapeutics for kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafa Ren
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven D Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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50
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Ota Y, Kuwana M. Endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis. Eur J Rheumatol 2019; 7:S139-S146. [PMID: 31922471 DOI: 10.5152/eurjrheum.2019.19158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by excessive fibrosis, microvasculopathy, and autoimmunity. Endothelial cell (EC) injury and subsequent endothelial cell dysfunction is believed to be an initial event that eventually leads to a vicious pathogenic cycle. This process is further enhanced by defective angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, as the vascular repair machinery does not work properly. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are functionally and quantitatively insufficient to recover the endothelium in SSc patients. The dysfunctional ECs and EPCs not only trigger the formation of typical vascular lesions, such as progressive intimal fibrosis in small arteries and the loss of capillaries, but also promote a series of inflammatory and profibrotic processes, such as endothelial-mesenchymal transition and recruitment and accumulation of monocytic EPCs with profibrotic properties. These processes together contribute to the accumulation of extracellular matrix in the affected tissue. This review features current insights into the roles of ECs and EPCs in the pathogenesis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Ota
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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