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Pharoun J, Berro J, Sobh J, Abou-Younes MM, Nasr L, Majed A, Khalil A, Joseph, Stephan, Faour WH. Mesenchymal stem cells biological and biotechnological advances: Implications for clinical applications. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 977:176719. [PMID: 38849038 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are able to differentiate into multiple lineages including bone, cartilage, muscle and fat. They hold immunomodulatory properties and therapeutic ability to treat multiple diseases, including autoimmune and chronic degenerative diseases. In this article, we reviewed the different biological properties, applications and clinical trials of MSCs. Also, we discussed the basics of manufacturing conditions, quality control, and challenges facing MSCs in the clinical setting. METHODS Extensive review of the literature was conducted through the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane. Papers published since 2015 and covering the clinical applications and research of MSC therapy were considered. Furthermore, older papers were considered when referring to pioneering studies in the field. RESULTS The most widely studied stem cells in cell therapy and tissue repair are bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Adipose tissue-derived stem cells became more common and to a lesser extent other stem cell sources e.g., foreskin derived MSCs. MSCs therapy were also studied in the setting of COVID-19 infections, ischemic strokes, autoimmune diseases, tumor development and graft rejection. Multiple obstacles, still face the standardization and optimization of MSC therapy such as the survival and the immunophenotype and the efficiency of transplanted cells. MSCs used in clinical settings displayed heterogeneity in their function despite their extraction from healthy donors and expression of similar surface markers. CONCLUSION Mesenchymal stem cells offer a rising therapeutic promise in various diseases. However, their potential use in clinical applications requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Pharoun
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Jana Berro
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Jeanine Sobh
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | | | - Leah Nasr
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Ali Majed
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Alia Khalil
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Joseph
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Stephan
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36
| | - Wissam H Faour
- Gilbert & Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, LAU, Byblos, Lebanon, P.O. Box 36.
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Sousa AR, Gonçalves DC, Neves BG, Santos-Coquillat A, Oliveira MB, Mano JF. Encapsulated Mesenchymal Stromal Cells as Cyclic Providers of Immunomodulatory Secretomes: A Living on-Demand Delivery System. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304012. [PMID: 38545848 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The stimulation of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) with inflammatory molecules is often used to boost their therapeutic effect. Prolonged exposure to inflammatory molecules has been explored to improve their action because MSCs therapies seem to be improved transiently with such stimuli. However, the possibility of cyclically stimulating MSCs to recover their optimized therapeutic potential is still to be elucidated, although the efficacy of cell-based therapies may be dependent on the ability to readapt to the relapse pathological conditions. Here, the response of MSCs, encapsulated in alginate hydrogels and cultured for 22 d, is explored using three different regimes: single, continuous, and intermittent stimulation with IFNγ. Exposure to IFNγ leads to a decrease in the secretion of IL-10, which is cyclically countered by IFNγ weaning. Conditioned media collected at different stages of pulsatile stimulation show an immunomodulatory potential toward macrophages, which directly correlates with IL-10 concentration in media. To understand whether the correlation between cyclic stimulation of MSCs and other biological actions can be observed, the effect on endothelial cells is studied, showcasing an overall modest influence on tube formation. Overall, the results describe the response of encapsulated MSCs to unusual pulsatile simulation regimens, exploring encapsulated MSCs as a living on-demand release system of tailored secretomes with recoverable immunomodulatory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Rita Sousa
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Diana C Gonçalves
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Guapo Neves
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Ana Santos-Coquillat
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Mariana B Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, 3810-193, Portugal
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Chandanala S, Mohan G, Manukonda DL, Kumar A, Prasanna J. A novel role of CD73-IFNγ signalling axis in human mesenchymal stromal cell mediated inflammatory macrophage suppression. Regen Ther 2024; 26:89-101. [PMID: 38845846 PMCID: PMC11153905 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Immunomodulation is the predominant mechanism via which Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate their therapeutic benefits. However, inconsistent success in numerous clinical trials warrants a better understating of the molecular mechanisms regulating their immunomodulatory properties. CD73, an ecto-5'-nucleotidase is abundantly expressed by MSCs, however its precise role in regulating their immunomodulatory properties is still elusive. The present study explored the role of CD73 in Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) sensing and in turn their ability to suppress "inflammatory" M1 macrophages. Materials and methods CD73 knockdown MSCs (CD73-KDN) were initially assessed for expression of immunoregulatory molecules and IFNγ sensing ability by analysing expression of IFNγ signalling downstream targets such as pSTAT-1, Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISG) and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygnease (IDO), a prototypic IFNγ-induced immunomodulator. Next CD73-KDN MSCs were co-cultured with inflammatory M1 macrophages and evaluated for their ability to suppress them. To delineate the contributory role of CD73 and IFNγ signalling downstream target IDO, they were overexpressed independently in CD73-KDN MSCs and re-evaluated for their ability to suppress M1 macrophages. Results CD73-KDN MSCs exhibited reduced expression of immunoregulatory molecules and were refractory to IFNγ signalling as indicated by attenuated expression of pSTAT-1, Interferon-Stimulated Genes (ISG) and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygnease (IDO) upon IFNγ exposure. Since sensing of inflammation is critical for MSC mediated immunomodulation, CD73-KDN MSCs were functionally evaluated for their ability to immune-modulate "inflammatory" M1 macrophages wherein they failed to suppress M1 macrophages. Interestingly, ectopic expression of either CD73 or IFNγ signalling target IDO1 in CD73-KDN MSCs restored their ability to suppress M1 macrophages, establishing the importance of CD73-IFNγ signalling axis in MSC-mediated inflammatory macrophage suppression. Conclusion The present study uncovers the unexplored role of CD73-IFNγ axis in MSC-mediated M1 macrophage suppression. MSC-educated macrophages are the actual immune-modulators at MSC transplant sites, thus CD73 can serve as a key immune-potency marker for benchmarking therapeutically relevant MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashank Chandanala
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Govind Mohan
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - David-Luther Manukonda
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Anujith Kumar
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Jyothi Prasanna
- Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
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Dunbar H, Hawthorne IJ, Tunstead C, McNamee EN, Weiss DJ, Armstrong ME, Donnelly SC, English K. Mesenchymal stromal cells dampen trained immunity in house dust mite-primed macrophages expressing human macrophage migration inhibitory factor polymorphism. Cytotherapy 2024:S1465-3249(24)00717-5. [PMID: 38819366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trained immunity results in long-term immunological memory, provoking a faster and greater immune response when innate immune cells encounter a secondary, often heterologous, stimulus. We have previously shown that house dust mite (HDM)-induced innate training is amplified in mice expressing the human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) CATT7 functional polymorphism. AIM This study investigated the ability of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) to modulate MIF-driven trained immunity both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Compared with wild-type mice, in vivo HDM-primed bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from CATT7 mice expressed significantly higher levels of M1-associated genes following lipopolysaccharide stimulation ex vivo. Co-cultures of CATT7 BMDMs with MSCs suppressed this HDM-primed effect, with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) being significantly decreased in a cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2)-dependent manner. Interestingly, interleukin 6 (IL-6) was suppressed by MSCs independently of COX-2. In an in vitro training assay, MSCs significantly abrogated the enhanced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by HDM-trained CATT7 BMDMs when co-cultured at the time of HDM stimulus on day 0, displaying their therapeutic efficacy in modulating an overzealous human MIF-dependent immune response. Utilizing an in vivo model of HDM-induced trained immunity, MSCs administered systemically on day 10 and day 11 suppressed this trained phenomenon by significantly reducing TNF-α and reducing IL-6 and C-C motif chemokine ligand 17 (CCL17) production. CONCLUSIONS This novel study elucidates how MSCs can attenuate an MIF-driven, HDM-trained response in CATT7 mice in a model of allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Dunbar
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Ian J Hawthorne
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Courteney Tunstead
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Eóin N McNamee
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Michelle E Armstrong
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Seamas C Donnelly
- Department of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin and Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Karen English
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Ireland.
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Ali FEM, Ibrahim IM, Althagafy HS, Hassanein EHM. Role of immunotherapies and stem cell therapy in the management of liver cancer: A comprehensive review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 132:112011. [PMID: 38581991 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth most common disease and the third most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The WHO predicts that more than 1 million deaths will occur from LC by 2030. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common form of primary LC. Today, the management of LC involves multiple disciplines, and multimodal therapy is typically selected on an individual basis, considering the intricate interactions between the patient's overall health, the stage of the tumor, and the degree of underlying liver disease. Currently, the treatment of cancers, including LC, has undergone a paradigm shift in the last ten years because of immuno-oncology. To treat HCC, immune therapy approaches have been developed to enhance or cause the body's natural immune response to specifically target tumor cells. In this context, immune checkpoint pathway inhibitors, engineered cytokines, adoptive cell therapy, immune cells modified with chimeric antigen receptors, and therapeutic cancer vaccines have advanced to clinical trials and offered new hope to cancer patients. The outcomes of these treatments are encouraging. Additionally, treatment using stem cells is a new approach for restoring deteriorated tissues because of their strong differentiation potential and capacity to release cytokines that encourage cell division and the formation of blood vessels. Although there is no proof that stem cell therapy works for many types of cancer, preclinical research on stem cells has shown promise in treating HCC. This review provides a recent update regarding the impact of immunotherapy and stem cells in HCC and promising outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fares E M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; Michael Sayegh, Faculty of Pharmacy, Aqaba University of Technology, Aqaba 77110, Jordan.
| | - Islam M Ibrahim
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Hanan S Althagafy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
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Rubio-Casillas A, Cowley D, Raszek M, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131427. [PMID: 38583833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the health emergency created by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, the rapid implementation of a new vaccine technology was necessary. mRNA vaccines, being one of the cutting-edge new technologies, attracted significant interest and offered a lot of hope. The potential of these vaccines in preventing admission to hospitals and serious illness in people with comorbidities has recently been called into question due to the vaccines' rapidly waning immunity. Mounting evidence indicates that these vaccines, like many others, do not generate sterilizing immunity, leaving people vulnerable to recurrent infections. Additionally, it has been discovered that the mRNA vaccines inhibit essential immunological pathways, thus impairing early interferon signaling. Within the framework of COVID-19 vaccination, this inhibition ensures an appropriate spike protein synthesis and a reduced immune activation. Evidence is provided that adding 100 % of N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ) to the mRNA vaccine in a melanoma model stimulated cancer growth and metastasis, while non-modified mRNA vaccines induced opposite results, thus suggesting that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could aid cancer development. Based on this compelling evidence, we suggest that future clinical trials for cancers or infectious diseases should not use mRNA vaccines with a 100 % m1Ψ modification, but rather ones with the lower percentage of m1Ψ modification to avoid immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico; Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - David Cowley
- University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mikolaj Raszek
- Merogenomics (Genomic Sequencing Consulting), Edmonton, AB T5J 3R8, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
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Pignatti E, Maccaferri M, Pisciotta A, Carnevale G, Salvarani C. A comprehensive review on the role of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells in the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024; 20:463-484. [PMID: 38163928 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2299729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease with systemic manifestations. Although the success of immune modulatory drug therapy is considerable, about 40% of patients do not respond to treatment. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential for inflammatory diseases. AREAS COVERED This review provides an update on RA disease and on pre-clinical and clinical studies using MSCs from bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, and dental pulp, to regulate the immune response. Moreover, the clinical use, safety, limitations, and future perspective of MSCs in RA are discussed. Using the PubMed database and ClincalTrials.gov, peer-reviewed full-text papers, abstracts and clinical trials were identified from 1985 through to April 2023. EXPERT OPINION MSCs demonstrated a satisfactory safety profile and potential for clinical efficacy. However, it is mandatory to deepen the investigations on how MSCs affect the proinflammatory deregulated RA patients' cells. MSCs are potentially good candidates for severe RA patients not responding to conventional therapies but a long-term follow-up after stem cells treatment and standardized protocols are needed. Future research should focus on well-designed multicenter randomized clinical trials with adequate sample sizes and properly selected patients satisfying RA criteria for a valid efficacy evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Pignatti
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Monia Maccaferri
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Department of Surgery, Medicine Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with Interest in Transplant, Oncological and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Rheumatology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Kim S, Lee EW, Oh DB, Seo J. BAP1 controls mesenchymal stem cell migration by inhibiting the ERK signaling pathway. BMB Rep 2024; 57:250-255. [PMID: 37964637 PMCID: PMC11139679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their stem-like characteristics and immunosuppressive properties, Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer remarkable potential in regenerative medicine. Much effort has been devoted to enhancing the efficacy of MSC therapy by enhancing MSC migration. In this study, we identified deubiquitinase BRCA1- associated protein 1 (BAP1) as an inhibitor of MSC migration. Using deubiquitinase siRNA library screening based on an in vitro wound healing assay, we found that silencing BAP1 significantly augmented MSC migration. Conversely, BAP1 overexpression reduced the migration and invasion capabilities of MSCs. BAP1 depletion in MSCs upregulates ERK phosphorylation, thereby increasing the expression of the migration factor, osteopontin. Further examination revealed that BAP1 interacts with phosphorylated ERK1/2, deubiquitinating their ubiquitins, and thus attenuating the ERK signaling pathway. Overall, our study highlights the critical role of BAP1 in regulating MSC migration through its deubiquitinase activity, and suggests a novel approach to improve the therapeutic potential of MSCs in regenerative medicine. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(5): 250-255].
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Affiliation(s)
- Seobin Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, UST, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jinho Seo
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Biosystems and Bioengineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Moellerberndt J, Niebert S, Fey K, Hagen A, Burk J. Impact of platelet lysate on immunoregulatory characteristics of equine mesenchymal stromal cells. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1385395. [PMID: 38725585 PMCID: PMC11079816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1385395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) play an increasing role in the treatment of immune-mediated diseases and inflammatory processes. They regulate immune cells via cell-cell contacts and by secreting various anti-inflammatory molecules but are in turn influenced by many factors such as cytokines. For MSC culture, platelet lysate (PL), which contains a variety of cytokines, is a promising alternative to fetal bovine serum (FBS). We aimed to analyze if PL with its cytokines improves MSC immunoregulatory characteristics, with the perspective that PL could be useful for priming the MSC prior to therapeutic application. MSC, activated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and indirect co-cultures of both were cultivated in media supplemented with either PL, FBS, FBS+INF-γ or FBS+IL-10. After incubation, cytokine concentrations were measured in supernatants and control media. MSC were analyzed regarding their expression of immunoregulatory genes and PBMC regarding their proliferation and percentage of FoxP3+ cells. Cytokines, particularly IFN-γ and IL-10, remained at high levels in PL control medium without cells but decreased in cytokine-supplemented control FBS media without cells during incubation. PBMC released IFN-γ and IL-10 in various culture conditions. MSC alone only released IFN-γ and overall, cytokine levels in media were lowest when MSC were cultured alone. Stimulation of MSC either by PBMC or by PL resulted in an altered expression of immunoregulatory genes. In co-culture with PBMC, the MSC gene expression of COX2, TNFAIP6, IDO1, CXCR4 and MHC2 was upregulated and VCAM1 was downregulated. In the presence of PL, COX2, TNFAIP6, VCAM1, CXCR4 and HIF1A were upregulated. Functionally, while no consistent changes were found regarding the percentage of FoxP3+ cells, MSC decreased PBMC proliferation in all media, with the strongest effect in FBS media supplemented with IL-10 or IFN-γ. This study provides further evidence that PL supports MSC functionality, including their immunoregulatory mechanisms. The results justify to investigate functional effects of MSC cultured in PL-supplemented medium on different types of immune cells in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Moellerberndt
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Niebert
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kerstin Fey
- Equine Clinic (Internal Medicine), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Alina Hagen
- Equine Clinic (Surgery, Orthopedics), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Janina Burk
- Institute of Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Biophysics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kamprom W, Tangporncharoen R, Vongthaiwan N, Tragoonlugkana P, Phetfong J, Pruksapong C, Supokawej A. Enhanced potent immunosuppression of intracellular adipose tissue-derived stem cell extract by priming with three-dimensional spheroid formation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9084. [PMID: 38643332 PMCID: PMC11032398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59910-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells are widely studied, supporting the use of MSCs as cell-based therapy in immunological diseases. This study aims to generate cell-free MSC extract and improves their immunomodulatory potential. Intracellular extracts were prepared from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC) spheroid via a freeze-thawing method. The immunomodulatory capacities of ADSC spheroid extracts were investigated in vitro, including lymphocyte proliferation, T regulatory cell expansion, and macrophage assays. A comparative study was conducted with ADSC monolayer extract. The key immunomodulatory mediators presented in ADSC extract were identified. The results revealed that ADSC spheroid extract could suppress lymphocyte activation while enhancing T regulatory cell expansion. Immunomodulatory molecules such as COX-2, TSG-6, and TGF-β1 were upregulated in ADSC priming via spheroid culture. Selective inhibition of COX-2 abrogates the effect of ADSC extract on inducing T regulatory cell expansion. Thus, ADSC spheroid extract gains high efficacy in regulating the immune responses which are associated in part by COX-2 generation. Furthermore, ADSC spheroid extract possessed a potent anti-inflammation by manipulation of TNF-α production from LPS-activated macrophage. Our current study has highlighted the opportunity of using cell-free extracts from adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells spheroid as novel immunomodulators for the treatment of immunological-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witchayapon Kamprom
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Applied Technology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Rattanawan Tangporncharoen
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Nuttapoom Vongthaiwan
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Patcharapa Tragoonlugkana
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Jitrada Phetfong
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Pruksapong
- Department of Surgery, Phramongkutklao Hospital and College of Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aungkura Supokawej
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, 999 Phutthamonthon Sai 4, Salaya, Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
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11
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Vaughan J, Patel M, Suchard M, Gededzha M, Ranchod H, Howard W, Snyman T, Wiggill T. Derangements of immunological proteins in HIV-associated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the frequency and prognostic impact. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1340096. [PMID: 38633747 PMCID: PMC11021765 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1340096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy of B-cells frequently encountered among people living with HIV. Immunological abnormalities are common in immunocompetent individuals with DLBCL, and are often associated with poorer outcomes. Currently, data on derangements of immunological proteins, such as cytokines and acute phase reactants, and their impact on outcomes in HIV-associated DLBCL (HIV-DLBCL) is lacking. This study assessed the levels and prognostic relevance of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ), the acute phase proteins C-reactive protein (CRP) and ferritin; serum free light chains (SFLC) (elevation of which reflects a prolonged pro-inflammatory state); and the activity of the immunosuppressive enzyme Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO)in South African patients with DLBCL. Methods Seventy-six patients with incident DLBCL were enrolled, and peripheral blood IL-6, IL-10, TGFβ, SFLC and IDO-activity measured in selected patients. Additional clinical and laboratory findings (including ferritin and CRP) were recorded from the hospital records. Results Sixty-one (80.3%) of the included patients were people living with HIV (median CD4-count = 148 cells/ul), and survival rates were poor (12-month survival rate 30.0%). The majority of the immunological proteins, except for TGFβ and ferritin, were significantly higher among the people living with HIV. Elevation of IL-6, SFLC and IDO-activity were not associated with survival in HIV-DLBCL, while raised IL-10, CRP, ferritin and TGFβ were. On multivariate analysis, immunological proteins associated with survival independently from the International Prognostic Index (IPI) included TGFβ, ferritin and IL-10. Conclusion Derangements of immunological proteins are common in HIV-DLBCL, and have a differential association with survival compared to that reported elsewhere. Elevation of TGFβ, IL-10 and ferritin were associated with survival independently from the IPI. In view of the poor survival rates in this cohort, investigation of the directed targeting of these cytokines would be of interest in our setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenifer Vaughan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Moosa Patel
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Clinical Haematology Unit, Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Melinda Suchard
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Maemu Gededzha
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Immunology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Heena Ranchod
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Wayne Howard
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Centre for Vaccines and Immunology, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracy Snyman
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tracey Wiggill
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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Kim H, Kim Y, Yun SY, Lee BK. Efficacy of IFN-γ-Primed Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:473-486. [PMID: 38190096 PMCID: PMC10987468 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00620-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) is a degenerative disease affecting the cartilage and subchondral bone, leading to temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction. The complex nature of TMJOA warrants effective alternative treatments, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promise in regenerative therapies. The aim of this study is twofold: firstly, to ascertain the optimal interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-primed MSC cell line for TMJOA treatment, and secondly, to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of IFN-γ-primed mesenchymal stem cells derived from the human umbilical cord matrix in a rat model of TMJOA. METHODS We analyzed changes in the expression of several key genes associated with OA protection in MSC-secreted compounds. Following this, we performed co-culture experiments using a transwell system to predict gene expression changes in primed MSCs in the TMJOA environment. Subsequently, we investigated the efficacy of the selected IFN-γ-primed human umbilical cord matrix-derived MSCs (hUCM-MSCs) for TMJOA treatment in a rat model. RESULTS IFN-γ-primed MSCs exhibited enhanced expression of IDO, TSG-6, and FGF-2. Moreover, co-culturing with rat OA chondrocytes induced a decrease in pro-inflammatory and extracellular matrix degradation factors. In the rat TMJOA model, IFN-γ-primed MSCs with elevated IDO1, TSG-6, and FGF2 expression exhibited robust anti-inflammatory and therapeutic capacities, promoting the improvement of the inflammatory environment and cartilage regeneration. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of prioritizing the mitigation of the inflammatory milieu in TMJOA treatment and highlight IFN-γ-primed MSCs secreting these three factors as a promising, comprehensive therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjeong Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yerin Kim
- Asan Medical Center, AMIST, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Yun
- Asan Medical Center, AMIST, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bu-Kyu Lee
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
- Asan Medical Center, AMIST, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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13
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Barrère-Lemaire S, Vincent A, Jorgensen C, Piot C, Nargeot J, Djouad F. Mesenchymal stromal cells for improvement of cardiac function following acute myocardial infarction: a matter of timing. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:659-725. [PMID: 37589393 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00009.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of cardiovascular death and remains the most common cause of heart failure. Reopening of the occluded artery, i.e., reperfusion, is the only way to save the myocardium. However, the expected benefits of reducing infarct size are disappointing due to the reperfusion paradox, which also induces specific cell death. These ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) lesions can account for up to 50% of final infarct size, a major determinant for both mortality and the risk of heart failure (morbidity). In this review, we provide a detailed description of the cell death and inflammation mechanisms as features of I/R injury and cardioprotective strategies such as ischemic postconditioning as well as their underlying mechanisms. Due to their biological properties, the use of mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) has been considered a potential therapeutic approach in AMI. Despite promising results and evidence of safety in preclinical studies using MSCs, the effects reported in clinical trials are not conclusive and even inconsistent. These discrepancies were attributed to many parameters such as donor age, in vitro culture, and storage time as well as injection time window after AMI, which alter MSC therapeutic properties. In the context of AMI, future directions will be to generate MSCs with enhanced properties to limit cell death in myocardial tissue and thereby reduce infarct size and improve the healing phase to increase postinfarct myocardial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Anne Vincent
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Christian Jorgensen
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Piot
- Département de Cardiologie Interventionnelle, Clinique du Millénaire, Montpellier, France
| | - Joël Nargeot
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- LabEx Ion Channel Science and Therapeutics, Université de Nice, Nice, France
| | - Farida Djouad
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies, Université de Montpellier, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Montpellier, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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14
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Szűcs D, Monostori T, Miklós V, Páhi ZG, Póliska S, Kemény L, Veréb Z. Licensing effects of inflammatory factors and TLR ligands on the regenerative capacity of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1367242. [PMID: 38606318 PMCID: PMC11007080 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1367242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells are promising contributors to regenerative medicine, exhibiting the ability to regenerate tissues and modulate the immune system, which is particularly beneficial for addressing chronic inflammatory ulcers and wounds. Despite their inherent capabilities, research suggests that pretreatment amplifies therapeutic effectiveness. Methods: Our experimental design exposed adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to six inflammatory factors for 24 h. We subsequently evaluated gene expression and proteome profile alterations and observed the wound closure rate post-treatment. Results: Specific pretreatments, such as IL-1β, notably demonstrated an accelerated wound-healing process. Analysis of gene and protein expression profiles revealed alterations in pathways associated with tissue regeneration. Discussion: This suggests that licensed cells exhibit potentially higher therapeutic efficiency than untreated cells, shedding light on optimizing regenerative strategies using adipose tissue-derived stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Szűcs
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Zoltán G. Páhi
- Genome Integrity and DNA Repair Core Group, Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine (HCEMM), University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-USz Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Biobank, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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15
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Gao M, Guo H, Dong X, Wang Z, Yang Z, Shang Q, Wang Q. Regulation of inflammation during wound healing: the function of mesenchymal stem cells and strategies for therapeutic enhancement. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345779. [PMID: 38425646 PMCID: PMC10901993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A wound takes a long time to heal and involves several steps. Following tissue injury, inflammation is the primary cause of tissue regeneration and repair processes. As a result, the pathophysiological processes involving skin damage, healing, and remodeling depend critically on the control of inflammation. The fact that it is a feasible target for improving the prognosis of wound healing has lately become clear. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an innovative and effective therapeutic option for wound healing due to their immunomodulatory and paracrine properties. By controlling the inflammatory milieu of wounds through immunomodulation, transplanted MSCs have been shown to speed up the healing process. In addition to other immunomodulatory mechanisms, including handling neutrophil activity and modifying macrophage polarization, there may be modifications to the activation of T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and dendritic cells (DCs). Furthermore, several studies have shown that pretreating MSCs improves their ability to modulate immunity. In this review, we summarize the existing knowledge about how MSCs influence local inflammation in wounds by influencing immunity to facilitate the healing process. We also provide an overview of MSCs optimizing techniques when used to treat wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qiying Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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16
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Ahmadzadeh F, Esmaili M, Ehsan Enderami S, Ghasemi M, Azadeh H, Abediankenari S. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate maintains Th1/Th2 response balance and mitigates type-1 autoimmune diabetes induced by streptozotocin through promoting the effect of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Gene 2024; 894:148003. [PMID: 37977318 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapy is one of the most promising therapeutic strategies owing to its regenerative and immunomodulatory properties. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a known antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, has beneficial effects on cellular protection. We aimed to elucidate the feasibility of using EGCG, along with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), to improve pancreatic damage through their immune regulatory functions in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) induced by multiple injections of streptozotocin (STZ). BM-MSCs were isolated from C57BL/6 mice and characterized. The diabetic groups were treated intraperitoneally with PBS, MSCs, EGCG, and a combination of MSCs and EGCG. Real-time PCR assays showed that MSCs with EGCG modulated T-bet and GATA-3 expression and upregulated the mRNA levels of Foxp-3 more efficiently. Analyses of spleen-isolated lymphocytes revealed that combinational treatment pronouncedly increased regulatory cytokines and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and splenocyte proliferation. The histopathological assessment demonstrated that co-treatment significantly reduced insulitis and recovered pancreatic islet morphology. Furthermore, the combination of MSCs and EGCG is associated with downregulated blood glucose and enhanced insulin levels. Therefore, combined therapy with EGCG and MSCs holds clinical potential for treating T1DM through synergetic effects in maintaining the Th1/Th2 response balance and promoting the regeneration of damaged pancreatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Esmaili
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Ehsan Enderami
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam Ghasemi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Hossein Azadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Saeid Abediankenari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Immunogenetics Research Center, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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17
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Cheng HY, Anggelia MR, Liu SC, Lin CF, Lin CH. Enhancing Immunomodulatory Function of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells by Hydrogel Encapsulation. Cells 2024; 13:210. [PMID: 38334602 PMCID: PMC10854565 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) showcase remarkable immunoregulatory capabilities in vitro, positioning them as promising candidates for cellular therapeutics. However, the process of administering MSCs and the dynamic in vivo environment may impact the cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of MSCs, consequently influencing their survival, engraftment, and their immunomodulatory efficacy. Addressing these concerns, hydrogel encapsulation emerges as a promising solution to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of MSCs in vivo. Hydrogel, a highly flexible crosslinked hydrophilic polymer with a substantial water content, serves as a versatile platform for MSC encapsulation. Demonstrating improved engraftment and heightened immunomodulatory functions in vivo, MSCs encapsulated by hydrogel are at the forefront of advancing therapeutic outcomes. This review delves into current advancements in the field, with a focus on tuning various hydrogel parameters to elucidate mechanistic insights and elevate functional outcomes. Explored parameters encompass hydrogel composition, involving monomer type, functional modification, and co-encapsulation, along with biomechanical and physical properties like stiffness, viscoelasticity, topology, and porosity. The impact of these parameters on MSC behaviors and immunomodulatory functions is examined. Additionally, we discuss potential future research directions, aiming to kindle sustained interest in the exploration of hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs in the realm of immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yun Cheng
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Madonna Rica Anggelia
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Chin Liu
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Fan Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
| | - Cheng-Hung Lin
- Center for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (M.R.A.)
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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18
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Salaudeen MA, Allan S, Pinteaux E. Hypoxia and interleukin-1-primed mesenchymal stem/stromal cells as novel therapy for stroke. Hum Cell 2024; 37:154-166. [PMID: 37987924 PMCID: PMC10764391 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Promising preclinical stroke research has not yielded meaningful and significant success in clinical trials. This lack of success has prompted the need for refinement of preclinical studies with the intent to optimize the chances of clinical success. Regenerative medicine, especially using mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), has gained popularity in the last decade for treating many disorders, including central nervous system (CNS), such as stroke. In addition to less stringent ethical constraints, the ample availability of MSCs also makes them an attractive alternative to totipotent and other pluripotent stem cells. The ability of MSCs to differentiate into neurons and other brain parenchymal and immune cells makes them a promising therapy for stroke. However, these cells also have some drawbacks that, if not addressed, will render MSCs unfit for treating ischaemic stroke. In this review, we highlighted the molecular and cellular changes that occur following an ischaemic stroke (IS) incidence and discussed the physiological properties of MSCs suitable for tackling these changes. We also went further to discuss the major drawbacks of utilizing MSCs in IS and how adequate priming using both hypoxia and interleukin-1 can optimize the beneficial properties of MSCs while eliminating these drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Adenike Salaudeen
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Stuart Allan
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emmanuel Pinteaux
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Neuroscience, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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19
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Alves DVL, Claudio-da-Silva C, Souza MCA, Pinho RT, da Silva WS, Sousa-Vasconcelos PS, Borojevic R, Nogueira CM, Dutra HDS, Takiya CM, Bonfim DC, Rossi MID. Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Ex-Morbidly Obese Individuals Instruct Macrophages towards a M2-Like Profile In Vitro. Int J Stem Cells 2023; 16:425-437. [PMID: 37643763 PMCID: PMC10686802 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc22172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, which continues to increase worldwide, was shown to irreversibly impair the differentiation potential and angiogenic properties of adipose tissue mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSCs). Because these cells are intended for regenerative medicine, especially for the treatment of inflammatory conditions, and the effects of obesity on the immunomodulatory properties of ADSCs are not yet clear, here we investigated how ADSCs isolated from former obese subjects (Ex-Ob) would influence macrophage differentiation and polarization, since these cells are the main instructors of inflammatory responses. Analysis of the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of overweight (OW) and Ex-Ob subjects showed the maintenance of approximately twice as many macrophages in Ex-Ob SAT, contained within the CD68+/FXIII-A- inflammatory pool. Despite it, in vitro, coculture experiments revealed that Ex-Ob ADSCs instructed monocyte differentiation into a M2-like profile, and under inflammatory conditions induced by LPS treatment, inhibited HLA-DR upregulation by resting M0 macrophages, originated a similar percentage of TNF-α+ cells, and inhibited IL-10 secretion, similar to OW-ADSCs and BMSCs, which were used for comparison, as these are the main alternative cell types available for therapeutic purposes. Our results showed that Ex-Ob ADSCs mirrored OW-ADSCs in macrophage education, favoring the M2 immunophenotype and a mixed (M1/M2) secretory response. These results have translational potential, since they provide evidence that ADSCs from both Ex-Ob and OW subjects can be used in regenerative medicine in eligible therapies. Further in vivo studies will be fundamental to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana V. Lopes Alves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Integrated Laboratory of Morphology, Institute of Biodiversity and Sustainability, NUPEM, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Macaé, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cesar Claudio-da-Silva
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Surgery Department, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. A. Souza
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Surgery Department, Medical School, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosa T. Pinho
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Radovan Borojevic
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carmen M. Nogueira
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Hélio dos S. Dutra
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Christina M. Takiya
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Danielle C. Bonfim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel D. Rossi
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Kholodenko IV, Yarygin KN. Hepatic Macrophages as Targets for the MSC-Based Cell Therapy in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3056. [PMID: 38002056 PMCID: PMC10669188 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11113056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a serious public health issue associated with the obesity pandemic. Obesity is the main risk factor for the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which progresses to NASH and then to end-stage liver disease. Currently, there are no specific pharmacotherapies of NAFLD/NASH approved by the FDA or other national regulatory bodies and the treatment includes lifestyle adjustment and medicines for improving lipid metabolism, enhancing sensitivity to insulin, balancing oxidation, and counteracting fibrosis. Accordingly, further basic research and development of new therapeutic approaches are greatly needed. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and MSC-derived extracellular vesicles prevent induced hepatocyte death in vitro and attenuate NASH symptoms in animal models of the disease. They interact with hepatocytes directly, but also target other liver cells, including Kupffer cells and macrophages recruited from the blood flow. This review provides an update on the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the key role of macrophages in the development of the disease. We examine in detail the mechanisms of the cross-talk between the MSCs and the macrophages, which are likely to be among the key targets of MSCs and their derivatives in the course of NAFLD/NASH cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Kholodenko
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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Dunn CM, Kameishi S, Parker T, Cho YK, Song SU, Grainger DW, Okano T. Cellular Interactions in Cell Sheets Enhance Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Immunomodulatory Properties. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:594-603. [PMID: 37847176 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune-related applications of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in cell therapy seek to exploit immunomodulatory paracrine signaling pathways to reduce inflammation. A key MSC therapeutic challenge is reducing patient outcome variabilities attributed to insufficient engraftment/retention of injected heterogenous MSCs. To address this, we propose directly transplantable human single-cell-derived clonal bone marrow MSC (hcBMSC) sheets. Cell sheet technology is a scaffold-free tissue engineering strategy enabling scalable production of highly engraftable cell constructs retaining endogenous cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, important to cell function. cBMSCs, as unique MSC subset populations, facilitate rational selection of therapeutically relevant MSC clones from donors. Here, we combine human cBMSCs with cell sheet technology, demonstrating cell sheet fabrication as a method to significantly upregulate expression of immunomodulatory molecules interleukin (IL)-10, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2) across GMP-grade hcBMSC lines and whole human bone marrow-derived MSCs compared to respective conventional cell suspensions. When treated with carbenoxolone, a gap junction inhibitor, cell sheets downregulate IL-10 and IDO-1 expression, implicating functional roles for intercellular sheet interactions. Beyond producing directly transferable multicellular hcBMSC constructs, cell sheet technology amplifies hcBMSC expression of immunomodulatory factors important to therapeutic action. In addition, this work demonstrates the importance of cell-cell interactions as a tissue engineering design criterion to enhance consistent MSC functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia M Dunn
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sumako Kameishi
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Tavie Parker
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Sun U Song
- SCM Lifescience Co., Ltd., Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - David W Grainger
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), Department of Molecular Pharmaceutics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang S, Zhang R, Yin X, Lu Y, Cheng H, Pan Y, Liu Y, Lin J. MenSCs Transplantation Improve the Viability of Injured Endometrial Cells Through Activating PI3K/Akt Pathway. Reprod Sci 2023; 30:3325-3338. [PMID: 37308799 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Endometrial injury is one of the leading causes of female infertility and is caused by intrauterine surgery, endometrial infection, repeated abortion, or genital tuberculosis. Currently, there is little effective treatment to restore the fertility of patients with severe intrauterine adhesions and thin endometrium. Recent studies have confirmed the promising therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation on various diseases with definite tissue injury. The aim of this study is to investigate the improvements of menstrual blood-derived endometrial stem cells (MenSCs) transplantation on functional restoration in the endometrium of mouse model. Therefore, ethanol-induced endometrial injury mouse models were randomly divided into two groups: the PBS-treated group, and the MenSCs-treated group. As expected, the endometrial thickness and gland number in the endometrium of MenSCs-treated mice were significantly improved compared to those of PBS-treated mice (P < 0.05), and fibrosis levels were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Subsequent results revealed that MenSCs treatment significantly promoted angiogenesis in the injured endometrium. Simultaneously, MenSCs enhance the proliferation and antiapoptotic capacity of endometrial cells, which is likely contributed by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Further tests also confirmed the chemotaxis of GFP-labeled MenSCs towards the injured uterus. Consequently, MenSCs treatment significantly improved the pregnant mice and the number of embryos in pregnant mice. This study confirmed the superior improvements of MenSCs transplantation on the injured endometrium and uncovered the potential therapeutic mechanism, which provides a promising alternative for patients with serious endometrial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghui Zhang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, NO 601, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (IPPT), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, NO 601, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiyao Yin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, China
| | - Yuyu Lu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Hualan Road, XinxiangHenan Province, 453100, China
| | - Hongbin Cheng
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
- The Third Medical Center of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ying Pan
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, NO 601, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Hualan Road, XinxiangHenan Province, 453100, China.
| | - Yanli Liu
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, NO 601, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Juntang Lin
- Stem Cell and Biotherapy Technology Research Center, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, NO 601, East of JinSui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan Province, China
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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23
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Huang W, Xia D, Bi W, Lai X, Yu B, Chen W. Advances in stem cell therapy for peritoneal fibrosis: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:293. [PMID: 37817212 PMCID: PMC10566108 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03520-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is a pathophysiological condition caused by a variety of pathogenic factors. The most important features of PF are mesothelial-mesenchymal transition and accumulation of activated (myo-)fibroblasts, which hinder effective treatment; thus, it is critical to identify other practical approaches. Recently, stem cell (SC) therapy has been indicated to be a potential strategy for this disease. Increasing evidence suggests that many kinds of SCs alleviate PF mainly by differentiating into mesothelial cells; secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles; or modulating immune cells, particularly macrophages. However, there are relatively few articles summarizing research in this direction. In this review, we summarize the risk factors for PF and discuss the therapeutic roles of SCs from different sources. In addition, we outline effective approaches and potential mechanisms of SC therapy for PF. We hope that our review of articles in this area will provide further inspiration for research on the use of SCs in PF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Demeng Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendi Bi
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueli Lai
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Medicine, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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24
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Herzig MC, Christy BA, Montgomery RK, Cantu-Garza C, Barrera GD, Lee JH, Mucha N, Talackine JR, Abaasah IA, Bynum JA, Cap AP. Short-term assays for mesenchymal stromal cell immunosuppression of T-lymphocytes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1225047. [PMID: 37822938 PMCID: PMC10562633 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1225047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Trauma patients are susceptible to coagulopathy and dysfunctional immune responses. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of the cellular therapy revolution with profound immunomodulatory, regenerative, and therapeutic potential. Routine assays to assess immunomodulation activity examine MSC effects on proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and take 3-7 days. Assays that could be done in a shorter period of time would be beneficial to allow more rapid comparison of different MSC donors. The studies presented here focused on assays for MSC suppression of mitogen-stimulated PBMC activation in time frames of 24 h or less. Methods Three potential assays were examined-assays of apoptosis focusing on caspase activation, assays of phosphatidyl serine externalization (PS+) on PBMCs, and measurement of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) levels using rapid ELISA methods. All assays used the same initial experimental conditions: cryopreserved PBMCs from 8 to 10 pooled donors, co-culture with and without MSCs in 96-well plates, and PBMC stimulation with mitogen for 2-72 h. Results Suppression of caspase activity in activated PBMCs by incubation with MSCs was not robust and was only significant at times after 24 h. Monitoring PS+ of live CD3+ or live CD4+/CD3+ mitogen-activated PBMCs was dose dependent, reproducible, robust, and evident at the earliest time point taken, 2 h, although no increase in the percentage of PS+ cells was seen with time. The ability of MSC in co-culture to suppress PBMC PS+ externalization compared favorably to two concomitant assays for MSC co-culture suppression of PBMC proliferation, at 72 h by ATP assay, or at 96 h by fluorescently labeled protein signal dilution. TNFα release by mitogen-activated PBMCs was dose dependent, reproducible, robust, and evident at the earliest time point taken, with accumulating signal over time. However, suppression levels with MSC co-culture was reliably seen only after 24 h. Discussion Takeaways from these studies are as follows: (1) while early measures of PBMC activation is evident at 2-6 h, immunosuppression was only reliably detected at 24 h; (2) PS externalization at 24 h is a surrogate assay for MSC immunomodulation; and (3) rapid ELISA assay detection of TNFα release by PBMCs is a robust and sensitive assay for MSC immunomodulation at 24 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryanne C. Herzig
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Barbara A. Christy
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robbie K. Montgomery
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Carolina Cantu-Garza
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gema D. Barrera
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ji H. Lee
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas Mucha
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Jennifer R. Talackine
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - Isaac A. Abaasah
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
| | - James A. Bynum
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas, Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Andrew P. Cap
- Blood and Shock Research, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Fort Sam Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Liesveld J, Galipeau J. In Vitro Insights Into the Influence of Marrow Mesodermal/Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells on Acute Myelogenous Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Stem Cells 2023; 41:823-836. [PMID: 37348128 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The study of marrow-resident mesodermal progenitors can provide important insight into their role in influencing normal and aberrant hematopoiesis as occurs in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In addition, the chemokine competency of these cells provides links to the inflammatory milieu of the marrow microenvironment with additional implications for normal and malignant hematopoiesis. While in vivo studies have elucidated the structure and function of the marrow niche in murine genetic models, corollary human studies have not been feasible, and thus the use of culture-adapted mesodermal cells has provided insights into the role these rare endogenous niche cells play in physiologic, malignant, and inflammatory states. This review focuses on culture-adapted human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as they have been utilized in understanding their influence in AML and MDS as well as on their chemokine-mediated responses to myeloid malignancies, injury, and inflammation. Such studies have intrinsic limitations but have provided mechanistic insights and clues regarding novel druggable targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Liesveld
- Department of Medicine, James P. Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jaques Galipeau
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin in Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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26
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Vargas-Rodríguez P, Cuenca-Martagón A, Castillo-González J, Serrano-Martínez I, Luque RM, Delgado M, González-Rey E. Novel Therapeutic Opportunities for Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Focus on Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14117. [PMID: 37762420 PMCID: PMC10531435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders encompass a broad spectrum of profoundly disabling situations that impact millions of individuals globally. While their underlying causes and pathophysiology display considerable diversity and remain incompletely understood, a mounting body of evidence indicates that the disruption of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, resulting in brain damage and neuroinflammation, is a common feature among them. Consequently, targeting the BBB has emerged as an innovative therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological disorders. Within this review, we not only explore the neuroprotective, neurotrophic, and immunomodulatory benefits of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in combating neurodegeneration but also delve into their recent role in modulating the BBB. We will investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms through which MSC treatment impacts primary age-related neurological conditions like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke, as well as immune-mediated diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Our focus will center on how MSCs participate in the modulation of cell transporters, matrix remodeling, stabilization of cell-junction components, and restoration of BBB network integrity in these pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Vargas-Rodríguez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Alejandro Cuenca-Martagón
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Julia Castillo-González
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Ignacio Serrano-Martínez
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.-M.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Mario Delgado
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
| | - Elena González-Rey
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine Lopez-Neyra (IPBLN), CSIC, PT Salud, 18016 Granada, Spain; (P.V.-R.); (J.C.-G.); (I.S.-M.); (M.D.)
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27
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Qin A, Wang XJ, Fu J, Shen A, Huang X, Chen Z, Wu H, Jiang Y, Wang Q, Chen F, Xiang AP, Yu X. hMSCs treatment attenuates murine herpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) pneumonia through altering innate immune response via ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2023; 4:27. [PMID: 37704783 PMCID: PMC10499773 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-023-00137-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised individuals are particularly vulnerable to viral infections and reactivation, especially endogenous herpes viruses such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a member of oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses, which are commonly linked to pneumonia and consequently significant morbidity and mortality. In the study of human and animal oncogenic gammaherpesviruses, the murine gamma-herpesviruses-68 (MHV-68) model has been applied, as it can induce pneumonia in immunocompromised mice. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment has demonstrated therapeutic potential for pneumonia, as well as other forms of acute lung injury, in preclinical models. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of human bone marrow-derived MSC (hMSC) on MHV-68-induced pneumonia. We found that intravenous administration of hMSCs significantly reduced lung damages, diminished inflammatory mediators and somehow inhibited MHV-68 replication. Furthermore, hMSCs treatment can regulate innate immune response and induce macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype, could significantly alter leukocyte infiltration and reduce pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings with co-culture system indicated that hMSCs effectively reduced the secretion of of inflammation-related factors and induced a shift in macrophage polarization, consistent with in vivo results. Further investigations revealed that hMSCs treatment suppressed the activation of macrophage ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, administration of MCC950, a selective NLRP3 inhibitor has been shown to effectively reduce ROS production and subsequently alleviate inflammation induced by MHV-68. Taken together, our work has shown that hMSCs can effectively protect mice from lethal MHV-68 pneumonia, which may throw new light on strategy for combating human EBV-associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiping Qin
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Wang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Jijun Fu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Ao Shen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Xiaotao Huang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Zhida Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Huiting Wu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Institute of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University (Luohu Hospital Group), Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiyong Yu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology, the NMPA and State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, China.
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28
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Sekenova A, Li Y, Issabekova A, Saparov A, Ogay V. TNF-α Preconditioning Improves the Therapeutic Efficacy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Experimental Model of Atherosclerosis. Cells 2023; 12:2262. [PMID: 37759485 PMCID: PMC10526914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is an inflammatory disease involving multiple factors in its initiation and development. In recent years, the potential application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for treating AS has been investigated. This study examined the effect of TNF-α preconditioning on MSCs' therapeutic efficacy in treating AS in ApoE KO mice. TNF-α-treated MSCs were administered to high-fat diet-treated ApoE KO mice. Cytokine and serum lipid levels were measured before and after treatment. Cryosections of the atherosclerotic aorta were stained with Oil-Red-O, and the relative areas of atherosclerotic lesions were measured. The level of Tregs were increased in TNF-α-MSC-treated animals compared to the MSCs group. In addition, the systemic administration of TNF-α-MSCs to ApoE KO mice reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IFN-γ and increased the level of the immunosuppressive IL-10 in the blood serum. Total cholesterol and LDL levels were decreased, and HDL levels were increased in the TNF-α-MSCs group of ApoE KO mice. A histological analysis showed that TNF-α-MSCs decreased the size of the atherosclerotic lesion in the aorta of ApoE KO mice by 38%, although there was no significant difference when compared with untreated MSCs. Thus, our data demonstrate that TNF-α-MSCs are more effective at treating AS than untreated MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliya Sekenova
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yelena Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Assel Issabekova
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Arman Saparov
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vyacheslav Ogay
- Laboratory of Stem Cells, National Center for Biotechnology, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
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29
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Huai Q, Zhu C, Zhang X, Dai H, Li X, Wang H. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases: insights on their immunomodulatory roles and clinical applications. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:162. [PMID: 37670393 PMCID: PMC10478279 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity that is rising globally. Liver dysfunctions are classified into acute and chronic diseases. Various insults, including viral infections, alcohol or drug abuse, and metabolic overload, may cause chronic inflammation and fibrosis, leading to irreversible liver dysfunction. Up to now, liver transplantation could be the last resort for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, liver transplantation still faces unavoidable difficulties. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) with their broad ranging anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties can be effectively used for treating liver diseases but without the limitation that are associated with liver transplantation. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent advances in the characteristics of MSCs and the potential action mechanisms of MSCs-based cell therapies for liver diseases. We also draw attention to strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs through pre-treatments or gene modifications. Finally, we discuss progress toward clinical application of MSCs or their extracellular vesicles in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Hanren Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, China.
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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30
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Sanap A, Kheur S, Kharat A, Bhonde R. Ascorbic acid and IFNγ preconditioning enhance the potency of human mesenchymal stem cells to ameliorate LPS induced cytokine storm. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110643. [PMID: 37453155 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) is one of the leading contender in therapeutic management of cytokine storm implicated in the COVID-19 and other inflammatory conditions. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and Ascorbic Acid (AA) preconditioning on the secretome of the human Umbilical Cord Derived MSCs (UCMSCs) and their potential to ameliorate the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced cytokine storm in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). UCMSCs were preconditioned with IFN-γ, AA and secretome (UCMSCs-S, IFNγ-UCMSCs-S and AA-UCSMCs-S) was analysed for the levels of growth factors and cytokines by flow cytometry. The potential of secretome to ameliorate cytokine storm and augment angiogenesis was assessed in the LPS induced PBMCs and yolk sac membrane (YSM) assay respectively. The mRNA transcript and protein levels of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α was analysed by RT-PCR and flow cytometry respectively. IFNγ-UCMSCs-S and AA-UCSMCs-S ameliorated the LPS induced cytokine storm as revealed by the decreased mRNA and protein expression of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α as compared to the UCMSCs-S. IFNγ-UCMSCs-S and AA-UCSMCs-S augmented angiogenesis in YSM assay. Furthermore, IFNγ and AA preconditioning of UCMSCs exhibited distinct growth factors and cytokine profile in the secretome. Our results unequivocally show that IFNγ and AA preconditioning of MSCs could give better therapeutic outcomes in the cell mediated therapies for COVID-19 and other inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Sanap
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Supriya Kheur
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India; Department of Oral and Maxilofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India.
| | - Avinash Kharat
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
| | - Ramesh Bhonde
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune, India
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Ortiz GGR, Zaidi NH, Saini RS, Ramirez Coronel AA, Alsandook T, Hadi Lafta M, Arias-Gonzáles JL, Amin AH, Maaliw Iii RR. The developing role of extracellular vesicles in autoimmune diseases: special attention to mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110531. [PMID: 37437434 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are complex, chronic inflammatory conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens. Nowadays, there is no effective and useful therapy for autoimmune diseases, and the existing medications have some limitations due to their nonspecific targets and side effects. During the last few decades, it has been established that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions. It is proposed that MSCs can exert an important therapeutic effect on autoimmune disorders. In parallel with these findings, several investigations have shown that MSCs alleviate autoimmune diseases. Intriguingly, the results of studies have demonstrated that the effective roles of MSCs in autoimmune diseases do not depend on direct intercellular communication but on their ability to release a wide spectrum of paracrine mediators such as growth factors, cytokines and extracellular vehicles (EVs). EVs that range from 50 to 5,000 nm were produced by almost any cell type, and these nanoparticles participate in homeostasis and intercellular communication via the transfer of a broad range of biomolecules such as modulatory proteins, nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), lipids, cytokines, and metabolites. EVs derived from MSCs display the exact properties of MSCs and can be safer and more beneficial than their parent cells. In this review, we will discuss the features of MSCs and their EVs, EVs biogenesis, and their cargos, and then we will highlight the existing discoveries on the impacts of EVs from MSCs on autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, arthritis rheumatic, inflammatory bowel disease, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune liver diseases, Sjögren syndrome, and osteoarthritis, suggesting a potential alternative for autoimmune conditions therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny Genaro Reivan Ortiz
- Laboratory of Basic Psychology, Behavioral Analysis and Programmatic Development (PAD-LAB), Catholic University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Neelam Hazoor Zaidi
- Umanand Prasad School of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Fiji, Saweni Campus, Lautoka, Fiji
| | | | | | - Tahani Alsandook
- Dentistry Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ali H Amin
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Renato R Maaliw Iii
- College of Engineering, Southern Luzon State University, Lucban, Quezon, Philippines.
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He C, Yang C, Zeng Q, Liu Z, Wang F, Chen Q, Liu T. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells cultured in the MCL medium for aplastic anemia therapy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:224. [PMID: 37649079 PMCID: PMC10470151 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03417-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a class of adult stem cells with self-renewal and multidirectional differentiation potential that may be a treatment for aplastic anemia (AA). METHOD Umbilical cord-derived MSCs were cultured in three media (Mesencult-XF, MCL, and StemPro MSC SFM CTS). HGF, PGE2, ANG-1, TGF-β1, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were detected using ELISA. The AA mouse model was built via post-irradiation lymphocyte infusion. After different treatments, routine blood, VEGF, and Tregs were detected every week. On day 28, all mice were killed, and their femurs were stained with HE. RESULTS Umbilical cord-derived MSCs cultured in the three media all conformed to the general characteristics of MSCs. HGF secreted by MSCs in the Mesencult-XF, and MCL was greater than that in the StemPro MSC SFM CTS; ANG-1 and TGF-β1 in the MCL were more than that in Mesencult-XF and StemPro MSC SFM CTS; PGE2 in the MCL and StemPro MSC SFM CTS was more than that in the Mesencult-XF. MSCs in the MCL and StemPro MSC SFM CTS inhibited IFN-γ and TNF-α more than those in the Mesencult-XF. The peripheral blood cell in the AA groups was at a low level while that in the MSC group recovered rapidly. The Treg ratio and VEGF level in the MSC group were higher than those in the AA group. The bone marrow (BM) recovered significantly after MSC infusion. CONCLUSION MSCs in the MCL were advantageous in supporting hematopoiesis and modulating immunity and had the potential for effective treatment of AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan He
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China
| | - Qiang Zeng
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zhigang Liu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Sichuan Stem Cell Bank/Sichuan Neo-Life Stem Cell Biotech Inc., 15 Jinquan Road, Chengdu, 610036, China.
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Hematology and Institute of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kolliopoulos V, Polanek M, Xu H, Harley B. Inflammatory Licensed hMSCs Exhibit Enhanced Immunomodulatory Capacity in a Biomaterial Mediated Manner. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4916-4928. [PMID: 37390452 PMCID: PMC10600978 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Craniomaxillofacial (CMF) bone injuries represent particularly challenging environments for regenerative healing due to their large sizes, irregular and unique defect shapes, angiogenic requirements, and mechanical stabilization needs. These defects also exhibit a heightened inflammatory environment that can complicate the healing process. This study investigates the influence of the initial inflammatory stance of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) on key osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory criteria when cultured in a class of mineralized collagen scaffolds under development for CMF bone repair. We previously showed that changes in scaffold pore anisotropy and glycosaminoglycan content can significantly alter the regenerative activity of both MSCs and macrophages. While MSCs are known to adopt an immunomodulatory phenotype in response to inflammatory stimuli, here, we define the nature and persistence of MSC osteogenic, angiogenic, and immunomodulatory phenotypes in a 3D mineralized collagen environment, and further, whether changes to scaffold architecture and organic composition can blunt or accentuate this response as a function of inflammatory licensing. Notably, we found that a one-time licensing treatment of MSCs induced higher immunomodulatory potential compared to basal MSCs as observed by sustained immunomodulatory gene expression throughout the first 7 days as well as an increase in immunomodulatory cytokine (PGE2 and IL-6) expression throughout a 21-day culture period. Further, heparin scaffolds facilitated higher osteogenic cytokine secretion but lower immunomodulatory cytokine secretion compared to chondroitin-6-sulfate scaffolds. Anisotropic scaffolds facilitated higher secretion of both osteogenic protein OPG and immunomodulatory cytokines (PGE2 and IL-6) compared to isotropic scaffolds. These results highlight the importance of scaffold properties on the sustained kinetics of cell response to an inflammatory stimulus. The development of a biomaterial scaffold capable of interfacing with hMSCs to facilitate both immunomodulatory and osteogenic responses is an essential next step to determining the quality and kinetics of craniofacial bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Kolliopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Maxwell Polanek
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hui Xu
- Tumor Engineering and Phenotyping (TEP) Shared Resource, Cancer Center at Illinois University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brendan Harley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 405 N. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave., Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Helsper S, Yuan X, Bagdasarian FA, Athey J, Li Y, Borlongan CV, Grant SC. Multinuclear MRI Reveals Early Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapy in Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2023; 14:545-561. [PMID: 35900719 PMCID: PMC10733402 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01057-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Compromised adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) can impair cell therapy efficacy and further reverse ischemic recovery. However, in vitro assays require extended passage to characterize cells, limiting rapid assessment for therapeutic potency. Multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/S) provides near real-time feedback on disease progression and tissue recovery. Applied to ischemic stroke, 23Na MRI evaluates treatment efficacy within 24 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion, showing recovery of sodium homeostasis and lesion reduction in specimens treated with hMSC while 1H MRS identifies reduction in lactate levels. This combined metric was confirmed by evaluating treatment groups receiving healthy or compromised hMSC versus vehicle (sham saline injection) over 21 days. Behavioral tests to assess functional recovery and cell analysis for immunomodulatory and macrophage activity to detect hMSC potency confirm MR findings. Clinically, these MR metrics may prove critical to early evaluations of therapeutic efficacy and overall stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Helsper
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Xuegang Yuan
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - F Andrew Bagdasarian
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Jacob Athey
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Samuel C Grant
- The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, 1800 E. Paul Dirac Dr, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA.
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35
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Szűcs D, Miklós V, Monostori T, Guba M, Kun-Varga A, Póliska S, Kis E, Bende B, Kemény L, Veréb Z. Effect of Inflammatory Microenvironment on the Regenerative Capacity of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Cells 2023; 12:1966. [PMID: 37566046 PMCID: PMC10416993 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are increasingly being used in regenerative medicine as cell therapy targets, including in the treatment of burns and ulcers. The regenerative potential of AD-MSCs and some of their immunological properties are known from in vitro studies; however, in clinical applications, cells are used in non-ideal conditions and can behave differently in inflammatory environments, affecting the efficacy and outcome of therapy. Our aim was to investigate and map the pathways that the inflammatory microenvironment can induce in these cells. High-throughput gene expression assays were performed on AD-MSCs activated with LPS and TNFα. Analysis of RNA-Seq data showed that control, LPS-treated and TNFα-treated samples exhibited distinct gene expression patterns. LPS treatment increased the expression of 926 genes and decreased the expression of 770 genes involved in cell division, DNA repair, the cell cycle, and several metabolic processes. TNFα treatment increased the expression of 174 genes and decreased the expression of 383 genes, which are related to cell division, the immune response, cell proliferation, and differentiation. We also map the biological pathways by further investigating the most altered genes using the Gene Ontology and KEGG databases. Secreted cytokines, which are important in the immunological response, were also examined at the protein level, and a functional assay was performed to assess wound healing. Activated AD-MSC increased the secretion of IL-6, IL-8 and CXCL-10, and also the closure of wounds. AD-MSCs presented accelerated wound healing under inflammation conditions, suggesting that we could use this cell in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána Szűcs
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.-V.); (L.K.)
- Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vanda Miklós
- Biobank, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tamás Monostori
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.-V.); (L.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda Guba
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.-V.); (L.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anikó Kun-Varga
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.-V.); (L.K.)
| | - Szilárd Póliska
- Genomic Medicine and Bioinformatics Core Facility, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Erika Kis
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Balázs Bende
- Dermatosurgery and Plastic Surgery, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (E.K.); (B.B.)
| | - Lajos Kemény
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.-V.); (L.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Hungarian Centre of Excellence for Molecular Medicine-USz Skin Research Group, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Veréb
- Regenerative Medicine and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; (D.S.); (T.M.); (M.G.); (A.K.-V.); (L.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Lee BW, Kwok SK. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Based Therapies in Systemic Rheumatic Disease: From Challenges to New Approaches for Overcoming Restrictions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10161. [PMID: 37373308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and systemic sclerosis, are chronic autoimmune diseases affecting multiple organs and tissues. Despite recent advances in treatment, patients still experience significant morbidity and disability. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy is promising for treating systemic rheumatic diseases due to the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of MSCs. However, several challenges need to be overcome to use MSCs in clinical practice effectively. These challenges include MSC sourcing, characterization, standardization, safety, and efficacy issues. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of MSC-based therapies in systemic rheumatic diseases, highlighting the challenges and limitations associated with their use. We also discuss emerging strategies and novel approaches that can help overcome the limitations. Finally, we provide insights into the future directions of MSC-based therapies for systemic rheumatic diseases and their potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bong-Woo Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ki Kwok
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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37
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Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu F. Potential functions and therapeutic implications of glioma-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:853-866. [PMID: 37138122 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging crucial regulators in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. MSCs are considered to be the stromal components of several tumors, their ultimate contribution to tumorigenesis and their potential to drive tumor stem cells, especially in the unique microenvironment of gliomas. Glioma-resident MSCs (GR-MSCs) are non-tumorigenic stromal cells. The phenotype of GR-MSCs is similar to that of prototype bone marrow-MSCs and GR-MSCs enhance the GSCs tumorigenicity via the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 pathway. The higher percentage of GR-MSCs in TME results in the poor prognosis of glioma patients and illuminate the tumor-promoting roles for GR-MSCs by secreting specific miRNA. Furthermore, the GR-MSC subpopulations associated with CD90 expression determine their different functions in glioma progression and CD90low MSCs generate therapeutic resistance by increasing IL-6-mediated FOXS1 expression. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting GR-MSCs for GBM patients. Despite that several functions of GR-MSCs have been confirmed, their immunologic landscapes and deeper mechanisms associated with the functions are not still expounded. In this review, we summarize the progress and potential function of GR-MSCs, as well as highlight their therapeutic implications based on GR-MSCs in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China.
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38
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Davies R, Allen S, Mennan C, Platt M, Wright K, Kehoe O. Extracellular Vesicle Depletion Protocols of Foetal Bovine Serum Influence Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Phenotype, Immunomodulation, and Particle Release. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119242. [PMID: 37298194 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of MSCs can be recreated using their extracellular vesicles (EVs). Yet, the true capabilities of the MSC EVs cannot be distinguished from contaminating bovine EVs and protein derived from supplemental foetal bovine serum (FBS). FBS EV depletion protocols can minimise this, but vary in terms of depletion efficiency, which can negatively impact the cell phenotype. We explore the impact of FBS EV depletion strategies, including ultracentrifugation, ultrafiltration, and serum-free, on umbilical cord MSC characteristics. Whilst a greater depletion efficiency, seen in the ultrafiltration and serum-free strategies, did not impact the MSC markers or viability, the MSCs did become more fibroblastic, had slower proliferation, and showed inferior immunomodulatory capabilities. Upon MSC EV enrichment, more particles, with a greater particle/protein ratio, were isolated upon increasing the FBS depletion efficiency, except for serum-free, which showed a decreased particle number. Whilst all conditions showed the presence of EV-associated markers (CD9, CD63, and CD81), serum-free was shown to represent a higher proportion of these markers when normalised by total protein. Thus, we caution MSC EV researchers on the use of highly efficient EV depletion protocols, showing that it can impact the MSC phenotype, including their immunomodulatory properties, and stress the importance of testing in consideration to downstream objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Davies
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Shannen Allen
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Claire Mennan
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Centre for Analytical Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Karina Wright
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
| | - Oksana Kehoe
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Medicine (Keele University), RJAH Orthopaedic Hospital, Shropshire SY10 7AG, UK
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Gao Y, Duan R, Li H, Jiang L, Tao T, Liu X, Zhu L, Li Z, Chen B, Zheng S, Lin X, Su W. Single-cell analysis of immune cells on gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells in experimental autoimmune uveitis. iScience 2023; 26:106729. [PMID: 37216113 PMCID: PMC10192653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gingiva-derived mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) have shown astonishing efficacy in the treatment of various autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms underlying these immunosuppressive properties remain poorly understood. Here, we generated a lymph node single-cell transcriptomic atlas of GMSC-treated experimental autoimmune uveitis mice. GMSC exerted profound rescue effects on T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, and monocytes. GMSCs rescued the proportion of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and increased the proportion of regulatory T cells. In addition to globally altered transcriptional factors (Fosb and Jund), we observed cell type-dependent gene regulation (e.g., Il17a and Rac1 in Th17 cells), highlighting the GMSCs' cell type-dependent immunomodulatory capacity. GMSCs strongly influenced the phenotypes of Th17 cells, suppressing the formation of the highly inflammatory CCR6-CCR2+ phenotype and enhancing the production of interleukin (IL) -10 in the CCR6+CCR2+ phenotype. Integration of the glucocorticoid-treated transcriptome suggests a more specific immunosuppressive effect of GMSCs on lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Runping Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - He Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Loujing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Tianyu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Xiuxing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Zhaohuai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Binyao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Songguo Zheng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Xianchai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
| | - Wenru Su
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 51000, China
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Phinney DG, Hwa Lee R, Boregowda SV. Revisiting the Mesenchymal "Stem vs. Stromal" Cell Dichotomy and Its Implications for Development of Improved Potency Metrics. Stem Cells 2023; 41:444-452. [PMID: 36891977 PMCID: PMC10183967 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies have been evaluated in over 1500 human clinical trials for a diverse array of disease indication, but outcomes remain unpredictable due to knowledge gaps in the quality attributes that confer therapeutic potency onto cells and their mode of action in vivo. Based on accumulated evidence from pre-clinical models, MSCs exert therapeutic effects by repressing inflammatory and immune-mediated response via paracrine action following reprogramming by the host injury microenvironment, and by polarization of tissue resident macrophages following phagocytosis to an alternatively activated (M2) state. An important tenet of this existing paradigm is that well-established stem/progenitor functions of MSCs are independent of paracrine function and dispensable for their anti-inflammatory and immune suppressive functions. Herein, we review evidence that stem/progenitor and paracrine functions of MSCs are mechanistically linked and organized hierarchically and describe how this link may be exploited to develop metrics that predict MSC potency across a spectrum of activities and regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald G Phinney
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Siddaraju V Boregowda
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL, USA
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Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Nakayama S, Kimura K, Yamaguchi S, Kakiuchi Y, Nito C, Hayashi M, Nakaishi T, Ueda Y, Okada T. Immunomodulatory amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells preserve muscle function in a mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:108. [PMID: 37106393 PMCID: PMC10142496 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is an incurable genetic disease characterized by degeneration and necrosis of myofibers, chronic inflammation, and progressive muscle weakness resulting in premature mortality. Immunosuppressive multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy could be an option for DMD patients. We focused on amnion-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AMSCs), a clinically viable cell source owing to their unique characteristics, such as non-invasive isolation, mitotic stability, ethical acceptability, and minimal risk of immune reaction and cancer. We aimed to identify novel immunomodulatory effects of AMSCs on macrophage polarization and their transplantation strategies for the functional recovery of skeletal and cardiac muscles. METHODS We used flow cytometry to analyze the expression of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage markers on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) co-cultured with human AMSCs (hAMSCs). hAMSCs were intravenously injected into DMD model mice (mdx mice) to assess the safety and efficacy of therapeutic interventions. hAMSC-treated and untreated mdx mice were monitored using blood tests, histological examinations, spontaneous wheel-running activities, grip strength, and echocardiography. RESULTS hAMSCs induced M2 macrophage polarization in PBMCs via prostaglandin E2 production. After repeated systemic hAMSC injections, mdx mice exhibited a transient downregulation of serum creatin kinase. Limited mononuclear cell infiltration and a decreased number of centrally nucleated fibers were indicative of regenerated myofibers following degeneration, suggesting an improved histological appearance of the skeletal muscle of hAMSC-treated mdx mice. Upregulated M2 macrophages and altered cytokine/chemokine expressions were observed in the muscles of hAMSC-treated mdx mice. During long-term experiments, a significant decrease in the grip strength in control mdx mice significantly improved in the hAMSC-treated mdx mice. hAMSC-treated mdx mice maintained running activity and enhanced daily running distance. Notably, the treated mice could run longer distances per minute, indicating high running endurance. Left ventricular function in DMD mice improved in hAMSC-treated mdx mice. CONCLUSIONS Early systemic hAMSC administration in mdx mice ameliorated progressive phenotypes, including pathological inflammation and motor dysfunction, resulting in the long-term improvement of skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The therapeutic effects might be associated with the immunosuppressive properties of hAMSCs via M2 macrophage polarization. This treatment strategy could provide therapeutic benefits to DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
| | - Soya Nakayama
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Koichi Kimura
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Yamaguchi
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yuko Kakiuchi
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Chikako Nito
- Laboratory for Clinical Research, Collaborative Research Center, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hayashi
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Nakaishi
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Ueda
- Regenerative Medicine and Cell Therapy Laboratories, Kaneka Corporation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan.
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Giacomini C, Granéli C, Hicks R, Dazzi F. The critical role of apoptosis in mesenchymal stromal cell therapeutics and implications in homeostasis and normal tissue repair. Cell Mol Immunol 2023; 20:570-582. [PMID: 37185486 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-023-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively tested for the treatment of numerous clinical conditions and have demonstrated good safety but mixed efficacy. Although this outcome can be attributed in part to the heterogeneity of cell preparations, the lack of mechanistic understanding and tools to establish cell pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, as well as the poorly defined criteria for patient stratification, have hampered the design of informative clinical trials. We and others have demonstrated that MSCs can rapidly undergo apoptosis after their infusion. Apoptotic MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages that are then reprogrammed to become anti-inflammatory cells. MSC apoptosis occurs when the cells are injected into patients who harbor activated cytotoxic T or NK cells. Therefore, the activation state of cytotoxic T or NK cells can be used as a biomarker to predict clinical responses to MSC treatment. Building on a large body of preexisting data, an alternative view on the mechanism of MSCs is that an inflammation-dependent MSC secretome is largely responsible for their immunomodulatory activity. We will discuss how these different mechanisms can coexist and are instructed by two different types of MSC "licensing": one that is cell-contact dependent and the second that is mediated by inflammatory cytokines. The varied and complex mechanisms by which MSCs can orchestrate inflammatory responses and how this function is specifically driven by inflammation support a physiological role for tissue stroma in tissue homeostasis, and it acts as a sensor of damage and initiator of tissue repair by reprogramming the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giacomini
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Cecilia Granéli
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ryan Hicks
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Francesco Dazzi
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Cell Therapy Department, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Su Y, Ai S, Shen Y, Cheng W, Xu C, Sui L, Zhao Y. Regulatory Effects of Three-Dimensional Cultured Lipopolysaccharide-Pretreated Periodontal Ligament Stem Cell-Derived Secretome on Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086981. [PMID: 37108145 PMCID: PMC10139044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic transformation of macrophages plays important immune response roles in the occurrence, development and regression of periodontitis. Under inflammation or other environmental stimulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert immunomodulatory effects through their secretome. It has been found that secretome derived from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-pretreated or three-dimensional (3D)-cultured MSCs significantly reduced inflammatory responses in inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis, by inducing M2 macrophage polarization. In this study, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) pretreated with LPS were 3D cultured in hydrogel (termed SupraGel) for a certain period of time and the secretome was collected to explore its regulatory effects on macrophages. Expression changes of immune cytokines in the secretome were also examined to speculate on the regulatory mechanisms in macrophages. The results indicated that PDLSCs showed good viability in SupraGel and could be separated from the gel by adding PBS and centrifuging. The secretome derived from LPS-pretreated and/or 3D-cultured PDLSCs all inhibited the polarization of M1 macrophages, while the secretome derived from LPS-pretreated PDLSCs (regardless of 3D culture) had the ability to promote the polarization of M1 to M2 macrophages and the migration of macrophages. Cytokines involved in the production, migration and polarization of macrophages, as well as multiple growth factors, increased in the PDLSC-derived secretome after LPS pretreatment and/or 3D culture, which suggested that the secretome had the potential to regulate macrophages and promote tissue regeneration, and that it could be used in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases such as periodontitis in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Su
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Sifan Ai
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Life Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, and National Institute of Functional Materials, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Lei Sui
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanhong Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Chu S, Yu T, Wang W, Wu H, Zhu F, Wei C, Gao F, Liu C, Fan H. Exosomes derived from EphB2-overexpressing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells regulate immune balance and repair barrier function. Biotechnol Lett 2023; 45:601-617. [PMID: 37036605 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-023-03358-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of intestinal barrier function and an imbalance in intestinal immunity are crucial for the occurrence and development of ulcerative colitis. Because of their important roles in regulating inflammation and immunity, exosomes (Exos) released from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) may be useful for treating ulcerative colitis. The EphB/EphrinB signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the inflammatory process and the development and function of immune cells, and can mediate long-distance intercellular communication through extracellular vesicles. This study was conducted to explore the effects of pre-modified BMSC-Exos expressing EphB2 (EphB2-Exos) on immunoregulation in vitro. METHODS We transfected a lentivirus vector encoding EphB2 into BMSCs and isolated EphB2-Exos from the culture supernatant. Inflammation and oxidative damage in the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (Caco-2) were induced by dextran sulfate sodium/hydrogen peroxide. In addition, spleen CD4+ T lymphocytes of rats were sorted in vitro. We conducted a series of experiments to explore the biological functions of EphB2-Exos. RESULTS EphB2-Exos were successfully isolated and were found to significantly protect the activity, proliferation, and migration of Caco-2 cells that were inhibited by dextran sulfate sodium. EphB2-Exos alleviated inflammation and apoptosis and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes while inhibiting oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells. EphB2-Exos restored intestinal barrier function by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway and regulated the polarization of CD4+T cells. CONCLUSION EphB2-Exos enhanced intestinal barrier function and regulated the immune balance by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK pathway in vitro. These findings suggest that EphB2-Exos can be applied as a cell-free therapy for ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Chu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Ting Yu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wenzhu Wang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chunzhu Wei
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Heng Fan
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1277 Jiefang Road, Jianghan District, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Cortés-Morales VA, Chávez-Sánchez L, Rocha-Zavaleta L, Espíndola-Garibay S, Monroy-García A, Castro-Manrreza ME, Fajardo-Orduña GR, Apresa-García T, Gutiérrez-de la Barrera M, Mayani H, Montesinos JJ. Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Cervical Cancer Promote M2 Macrophage Polarization. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071047. [PMID: 37048119 PMCID: PMC10093665 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages with the M2 phenotype promote tumor development through the immunosuppression of antitumor immunity. We previously demonstrated the presence of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) in cervical cancer (CeCa-MSCs), suggesting an immune protective capacity in tumors, but to date, their effect in modulating macrophage polarization remains unknown. In this study, we compared the capacities of MSCs from normal cervix (NCx) and CeCa to promote M2 macrophage polarization in a coculture system. Our results demonstrated that CeCa-MSCs, in contrast to NCx-MSCs, significantly decreased M1 macrophage cell surface marker expression (HLA-DR, CD80, CD86) and increased M2 macrophage expression (CD14, CD163, CD206, Arg1) in cytokine-induced CD14+ monocytes toward M1- or M2-polarized macrophages. Interestingly, compared with NCx-MSCs, in M2 macrophages generated from CeCa-MSC cocultures, we observed an increase in the percentage of phagocytic cells, in the intracellular production of IL-10 and IDO, the capacity to decrease T cell proliferation and for the generation of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ Tregs. Importantly, this capacity to promote M2 macrophage polarization was correlated with the intracellular expression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and upregulation of IL-10 in CeCa-MSCs. Furthermore, the presence of M2 macrophages was correlated with the increased production of IL-10 and IL-1RA anti-inflammatory molecules. Our in vitro results indicate that CeCa-MSCs, in contrast to NCx-MSCs, display an increased M2-macrophage polarization potential and suggest a role of CeCa-MSCs in antitumor immunity.
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Lopes-Pacheco M, Rocco PRM. Functional enhancement strategies to potentiate the therapeutic properties of mesenchymal stromal cells for respiratory diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1067422. [PMID: 37007034 PMCID: PMC10062457 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1067422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory diseases remain a major health concern worldwide because they subject patients to considerable financial and psychosocial burdens and result in a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the underlying pathologic mechanisms of severe respiratory diseases, most therapies are supportive, aiming to mitigate symptoms and slow down their progressive course but cannot improve lung function or reverse tissue remodeling. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are at the forefront of the regenerative medicine field due to their unique biomedical potential in promoting immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and antimicrobial activities, and tissue repair in various experimental models. However, despite several years of preclinical research on MSCs, therapeutic outcomes have fallen far short in early-stage clinical trials for respiratory diseases. This limited efficacy has been associated with several factors, such as reduced MSC homing, survival, and infusion in the late course of lung disease. Accordingly, genetic engineering and preconditioning methods have emerged as functional enhancement strategies to potentiate the therapeutic actions of MSCs and thus achieve better clinical outcomes. This narrative review describes various strategies that have been investigated in the experimental setting to functionally potentiate the therapeutic properties of MSCs for respiratory diseases. These include changes in culture conditions, exposure of MSCs to inflammatory environments, pharmacological agents or other substances, and genetic manipulation for enhanced and sustained expression of genes of interest. Future directions and challenges in efficiently translating MSC research into clinical practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco
- Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco, ; Patricia R. M. Rocco,
| | - Patricia R. M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Investigation, Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Miquéias Lopes-Pacheco, ; Patricia R. M. Rocco,
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Kugarajah V, Nisha KN, Jayakumar R, Sahabudeen S, Ramakrishnan P, Mohamed SB. Significance of microbial genome in environmental remediation. Microbiol Res 2023; 271:127360. [PMID: 36931127 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants seriously threaten the ecosystem and health of various life forms, particularly with the rapid industrialization and emerging population. Conventionally physical and chemical strategies are being opted for the removal of these pollutants. Bioremediation, through several advancements, has been a boon to combat the existing threat faced today. Microbes with enzymes degrade various pollutants and utilize them as a carbon and energy source. With the existing demand and through several research explorations, Genetically Engineered Microorganisms (GEMs) have paved to be a successful approach to abate pollution through bioremediation. The genome of the microbe determines its biodegradative nature. Thus, methods including pure culture techniques and metagenomics are used for analyzing the genome of microbes, which provides information about catabolic genes. The information obtained along with the aid of biotechnology helps to construct GEMs that are cost-effective and safer thereby exhibiting higher degradation of pollutants. The present review focuses on the role of microbes in the degradation of environmental pollutants, role of evolution in habitat and adaptation of microbes, microbial degenerative genes, their pathways, and the efficacy of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology for creating GEMs for bioremediation. The present review also provides a gist of existing GEMs for bioremediation and their limitations, thereby providing a future scope of implementation of these GEMs for a sustainable environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaidhegi Kugarajah
- Department of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602015, India
| | | | - R Jayakumar
- Department of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602015, India
| | - S Sahabudeen
- Department of Biotechnology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kanchipuram Dist, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, India; Medical Team, Doctoral Institute for Evidence Based Policy, Tokyo, Japan
| | - P Ramakrishnan
- Department of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602015, India.
| | - S B Mohamed
- Department of Materials Science, School of Technology, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610005, Tamil Nadu, India.
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The Role of COX-2 and PGE2 in the Regulation of Immunomodulation and Other Functions of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020445. [PMID: 36830980 PMCID: PMC9952951 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of MSCs to modulate the inflammatory environment is well recognized, but understanding the molecular mechanisms responsible for these properties is still far from complete. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a product of the cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) pathway, is indicated as one of the key mediators in the immunomodulatory effect of MSCs. Due to the pleiotropic effect of this molecule, determining its role in particular intercellular interactions and aspects of cell functioning is very difficult. In this article, the authors attempt to summarize the previous observations regarding the role of PGE2 and COX-2 in the immunomodulatory properties and other vital functions of MSCs. So far, the most consistent results relate to the inhibitory effect of MSC-derived PGE2 on the early maturation of dendritic cells, suppressive effect on the proliferation of activated lymphocytes, and stimulatory effect on the differentiation of macrophages into M2 phenotype. Additionally, COX-2/PGE2 plays an important role in maintaining the basic life functions of MSCs, such as the ability to proliferate, migrate and differentiate, and it also positively affects the formation of niches that are conducive to both hematopoiesis and carcinogenesis.
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Pretreating mesenchymal stem cells with IL-6 regulates the inflammatory response of DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Transpl Immunol 2023; 76:101765. [PMID: 36462558 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2022.101765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been broadly investigated in research on inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis. Treating MSCs with an inflammatory stimulus before transplantation is an adaptive strategy that helps MSCs survive in areas of inflammation and promotes the regulation of local immune responses. This study aimed to examine the effects of pretreating bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) with Interleukin-6 (IL-6) on attenuation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. Experimental ulcerative colitis was induced in Wistar rats by administering 2% DSS in their water for 7 days and normal water for the next 3 days. The experimental group received 1 × 106/0.4 ml of BMSCs that were treated with IL-6 for 24 h. Histological changes, colon length, and disease activity index were compared among groups, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β in homogenate supernatants were evaluated using ELISA. IL-6-pretreated BMSCs significantly reduced the colonic damage score. The colon length shortened by 6.1 ± 0.14 cm for the rats that received IL-6-pretreated BMSCs, whereas the control group rats' value was 3.8 ± 0.14 cm on the 14th day. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in the colons of the IL-6-pretreated BMSCs group compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05). This study revealed that IL-6-pretreated BMSCs ameliorated DSS-induced colitis via local anti-inflammatory action and suggested that IL-6-pretreated BMSCs are a promising therapeutic agent for ulcerative colitis treatment.
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Luo G, Wosinski P, Salazar-Noratto GE, Bensidhoum M, Bizios R, Marashi SA, Potier E, Sheng P, Petite H. Glucose Metabolism: Optimizing Regenerative Functionalities of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Postimplantation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:47-61. [PMID: 35754335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2022.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered promising candidates for regenerative medicine applications. Their clinical performance postimplantation, however, has been disappointing. This lack of therapeutic efficacy is most likely due to suboptimal formulations of MSC-containing material constructs. Tissue engineers, therefore, have developed strategies addressing/incorporating optimized cell, microenvironmental, biochemical, and biophysical cues/stimuli to enhance MSC-containing construct performance. Such approaches have had limited success because they overlooked that maintenance of MSC viability after implantation for a sufficient time is necessary for MSCs to develop their regenerative functionalities fully. Following a brief overview of glucose metabolism and regulation in MSCs, the present literature review includes recent pertinent findings that challenge old paradigms and notions. We hereby report that glucose is the primary energy substrate for MSCs, provides precursors for biomass generation, and regulates MSC functions, including proliferation and immunosuppressive properties. More importantly, glucose metabolism is central in controlling in vitro MSC expansion, in vivo MSC viability, and MSC-mediated angiogenesis postimplantation when addressing MSC-based therapies. Meanwhile, in silico models are highlighted for predicting the glucose needs of MSCs in specific regenerative medicine settings, which will eventually enable tissue engineers to design viable and potent tissue constructs. This new knowledge should be incorporated into developing novel effective MSC-based therapies. Impact statement The clinical use of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been unsatisfactory due to the inability of MSCs to survive and be functional after implantation for sufficient periods to mediate directly or indirectly a successful regenerative tissue response. The present review summarizes the endeavors in the past, but, most importantly, reports the latest findings that elucidate underlying mechanisms and identify glucose metabolism as the crucial parameter in MSC survival and the subsequent functions pertinent to new tissue formation of importance in tissue regeneration applications. These latest findings justify further basic research and the impetus for developing new strategies to improve the modalities and efficacy of MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guotian Luo
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Pauline Wosinski
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Giuliana E Salazar-Noratto
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Morad Bensidhoum
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rena Bizios
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Sayed-Amir Marashi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esther Potier
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Puyi Sheng
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hervé Petite
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, INSERM, B3OA, Paris, France.,École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, B3OA, Maisons-Alfort, France
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