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Wang C, Chen J, Xiong L, Tong S, Xu CY. Trigger thresholds and their dynamics of vegetation production loss under different atmospheric and soil drought conditions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 950:175116. [PMID: 39084387 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Many evidences have shown that both atmospheric and soil droughts can constrain vegetation growth and further threaten its ability to sequester carbon. However, the trigger thresholds of vegetation production loss under different atmospheric and soil drought conditions are still unknown. In this study, we proposed a Copula and Bayesian equations-based framework to investigate trigger thresholds of various vegetation production losses under different atmospheric and soil drought conditions. The trigger thresholds dynamics and their possible causes were also investigated. To achieve this goal, we first simulated the gross primary production, soil moisture, and vapor pressure deficit over China during 1961-2018 using an individual-based, spatially explicit dynamic global vegetation model. The main drivers of the dynamic change in trigger thresholds were then explored by Random Forest model. We found that soil drought caused greater stress on gross primary production loss than atmospheric drought, with a larger impact area and higher probability of damage. In terms of spatial distribution, the risk probability of gross primary production loss was higher in eastern China than in western China, and the drought trigger threshold was also smaller in eastern China. In addition, the trigger thresholds for atmospheric and soil drought in most regions exhibited a decreasing trend from 1961 to 2018, while the CO2 fertilization enhanced the drought tolerance of vegetation. The reduction in CO2 fertilization effect slowed down the downward trend of trigger threshold for soil drought, while the increase in temperature exacerbated the downward trend of trigger threshold for atmospheric drought. This study highlighted the larger effect of soil drought on vegetation production loss than atmospheric drought and implied that climate change can modulate the trigger threshold of vegetation production losses under drought conditions. These findings provide scientific guidance for managing the increasing risk of drought on vegetation and optimizing watershed water allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China.
| | - Lihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Shanlin Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China
| | - Chong-Yu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, PR China; Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo N-0316, Norway
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2
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Wang X, Jones MR, Pan Z, Lu X, Deng Y, Zhu M, Wang Z. Trivalent manganese in dissolved forms: Occurrence, speciation, reactivity and environmental geochemical impact. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 263:122198. [PMID: 39098158 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
The cycling processes of elemental manganese (Mn), including the redox reactions of dissolved Mn(III) (dMn(III)), directly and indirectly influences the biogeochemical processes of many elements. Though increasing evidence indicates the widespread presence of dMn(III) mediates the fate of many elements, its role may be currently underestimated. There is both a lack of clear understanding of the historical research framework of dMn(III) and a systematic overview of its geochemical properties and detection methods. Therefore, the primary aim of this review is to outline the understanding of dMn(III) in multiple fields, including soil science, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, geochemistry, and water treatment, and summarize the formation pathways, species forms, and detection methods of dMn(III) in aquatic systems. This review considers how the characteristics of dMn(III), the intermediate formed in the single-electron reaction processes of Mn(II) oxidation and Mn(IV) reduction, determines its participation in environmental geochemical processes. Its widespread presence in diverse water systems and active redox properties coupling with various elements confirm its significant role in natural elemental geochemistry cycle and artificial water treatment processes. Therefore, further investigation into the role of dissolved Mn(III) in aquatic systems is warranted to unravel unexplored coupled elemental redox reaction processes mediated by dissolved Mn(III), filling in the gaps in our understanding of manganese environmental geochemistry, and providing a theoretical basis for recognizing the role of dMn(III) role in water treatment technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Matthew R Jones
- Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratory, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Zezhen Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaohan Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yamin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Groundwater Quality and Health (China University of Geosciences), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430078, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Source Apportionment and Control of Aquatic Pollution & School of Environmental Studies, China University of, Geosciences, Wuhan 430078, China
| | - Mengqiang Zhu
- Department of Geology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Zimeng Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Shanghai 200438, China; Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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3
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Qu LP, Dong G, Chen J, Xiao J, De Boeck HJ, Chen J, Jiang S, Batkhishig O, Legesse TG, Xin X, Shao C. Soil environmental anomalies dominate the responses of net ecosystem productivity to heatwaves in three Mongolian grasslands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173742. [PMID: 38839012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is causing more frequent and intense heatwaves. Therefore, it is important to understand how heatwaves affect the terrestrial carbon cycle, especially in grasslands, which are especially susceptible to climate extremes. This study assessed the impact of naturally occurring, simultaneous short-term heatwaves on CO2 fluxes in three ecosystems on the Mongolia Plateau: meadow steppe (MDW), typical steppe (TPL), and shrub-grassland (SHB). During three heatwaves, net ecosystem productivity (NEP) was reduced by 86 %, 178 %, and 172 % at MDW, TPL, and SHB, respectively. The changes in ecosystem respiration, gross primary production, evapotranspiration, and water use efficiency were divergent, indicating the mechanisms underlying the observed NEP decreases among the sites. The impact of the heatwave in MDW was mitigated by the high soil water content, which enhanced evapotranspiration and subsequent cooling effects. However, at TPL, insufficient soil water led to combined thermal and drought stress and low resilience. At SHB, the ecosystem's low tolerance to an August heatwave was heavily influenced by species phenology, as it coincided with the key phenological growing phase of plants. The potential key mechanism of divergent NEP response to heatwaves lies in the divergent stability and varying importance of environmental factors, combined with the specific sensitivity of NEP to each factor in ecosystems. Furthermore, our findings suggest that anomalies in soil environment, rather than atmospheric anomalies, are the primary determinants of NEP anomalies during heatwaves. This challenges the conventional understanding of heatwaves as a discrete and ephemeral periods of high air temperatures. Instead, heatwaves should be viewed as chronologically variable, compound, and time-sensitive environmental stressors. The ultimate impact of heatwaves on ecosystems is co-determined by a complex interplay of environmental, biological, and heatwave features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Qu
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
| | - Jingyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Shicheng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Ochirbat Batkhishig
- Institute of Geography, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Ulaanbaartar 210620, Mongolia
| | - Tsegaye Gemechu Legesse
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoping Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Changliang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
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Qiu S, Brandt MS, Horion S, Ding Z, Tong X, Hu T, Peng J, Fensholt R. Facing the challenge of NDVI dataset consistency for improved characterization of vegetation response to climate variability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 944:173308. [PMID: 38795990 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Non-linear trend detection in Earth observation time series has become a standard method to characterize changes in terrestrial ecosystems. However, results are largely dependent on the quality and consistency of the input data, and only few studies have addressed the impact of data artifacts on the interpretation of detected abrupt changes. Here we study non-linear dynamics and turning points (TPs) of temperate grasslands in East Eurasia using two independent state-of-the-art satellite NDVI datasets (CGLS v3 and MODIS C6) and explore the impact of water availability on observed vegetation changes during 2001-2019. By applying the Break For Additive Season and Trend (BFAST01) method, we conducted a classification typology based on vegetation dynamics which was spatially consistent between the datasets for 40.86 % (459,669 km2) of the study area. When considering also the timing of the TPs, 27.09 % of the pixels showed consistent results between datasets, suggesting that careful interpretation was needed for most of the areas of detected vegetation dynamics when applying BFAST to a single dataset. Notably, for these areas showing identical typology we found that interrupted decreases in vegetation productivity were dominant in the transition zone between desert and steppes. Here, a strong link with changes in water availability was found for >80 % of the area, indicating that increasing drought stress had regulated vegetation productivity in recent years. This study shows the necessity of a cautious interpretation of the results when conducting advanced characterization of vegetation response to climate variability, but at the same time also the opportunities of going beyond the use of single dataset in advanced time-series approaches to better understanding dryland vegetation dynamics for improved anthropogenic interventions to combat vegetation productivity decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijing Qiu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Martin Stefan Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Stephanie Horion
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Zihan Ding
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaowei Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
| | - Tao Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Peng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 1350, Denmark
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5
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Wang Y, Wang G, Sun J, Song C, Lin S, Sun S, Hu Z, Wang X, Sun X. The impact of extreme precipitation on water use efficiency along vertical vegetation belts in Hengduan Mountain during 2001 and 2020. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173638. [PMID: 38825202 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
In the context of climate change, extreme precipitation events are continuously increasing and impact the water‑carbon coupling of ecosystems. The vertical vegetation zonation, as a characteristic of mountain ecosystems, reflects the differences in vegetation response to climate change at different elevations. In this study, we used the water use efficiency (WUE) as an indicator to evaluate the water‑carbon relationship. By using MODIS data, we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), and WUE from 2001 to 2020, as well as the responses of WUE to extreme wetness factor Number of precipitation days (R0.1), extreme dryness factor Consecutive dry days (CDD), and meteorological factors under the vertical vegetation zonation. Our results showed that annual GPP and ET displayed a significant increasing trend between 2001 and 2020, whereas WUE showed a weak decreasing trend. Spatially, GPP and WUE decreased with increasing elevation. Analyzing the WUE of mountainous ecosystems as a unified whole may not precisely capture the reactions of vegetation to severe rainfall occurrences. In fact, across different vegetation belts in mountainous areas, there exists a negative correlation between WUE and R0.1, and a positive correlation with CDD. In terms of meteorological factors, the temporal variation of GPP was primarily associated with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and temperature (Ta), while those of ET was mainly related to soil water content (SWC). WUE was affected by a combination of meteorological factors and had a certain degree of variation between different altitude intervals. These findings contribute to a better understanding and prediction of the relationship between extreme rainfall climate and water‑carbon coupling in mountainous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Genxu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Juying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chunlin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shouqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhaoyong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xintong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiangyang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
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Yang J, Li L, Xu Y, Yu Y, Virk AL, Li FM, Yang H, Kan ZR. Effects of straw biochar on microbial-derived carbon: A global meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 368:122233. [PMID: 39168008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.122233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolyzing biomass (e.g., crop straw) to produce biochar is a sustainable strategy in agricultural farmlands. Straw-derived biochar could increase soil organic carbon (SOC) and microbial-derived carbon (C) compared to no addition, while it is imperative to understand the effects of straw-derived biochar compared to its feedstock (e.g., straw). We retrieved 321 and 387 observations to investigate the effects of straw-derived biochar on microbial-derived C (e.g., microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial necromass C (MNC)) taking no addition and straw as control, respectively. Notably, straw-derived biochar significantly increased dissolved organic C (DOC) by 24.9% and provided available substrates for microbial utilization, thus improving MBC by 16.7% and MNC by 19.7% compared to no addition. Nevertheless, compared to its feedstock (crop straw), straw-derived biochar significantly decreased MBC by 26.1% and MNC by 18.0% attributed to lower DOC, supported by a positive correlation between MBC and DOC (R2 = 0.53). A negative correlation between changes in MBC and SOC indicated the adverse of microbial activity for C accrual under conversion from straw to biochar. Moreover, soil layer, experiment duration, and initial C/N ratio are the crucial factors affecting MBC under the conversion from straw to biochar. Specifically, with significant variations among subgroups, when compared to straw addition, straw-derived biochar had lower reduction in MBC observed on 0-5 cm layers, mean annual precipitation ≥550 mm, mean annual temperature ≥10 °C, clay loam soil, experiment duration≥1 yr, initial SOC≥14 g kg-1, pH≥8, and bulk density ≥1.28 g cm-3. Straw-derived biochar even increased MBC by 32.8% in an anaerobic environment, associated with biochar produced under limited oxygen and anaerobic microorganisms dominating the microbial community. This study concludes that the conversion from crop straw to biochar increases SOC but constrains microbial-derived C, which may disturb the microbial-mediated C-cycling process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkang Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yinan Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, China
| | - Yalin Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ahmad Latif Virk
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Feng-Min Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Haishui Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Kan
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Du M, Xu C, Wang A, Lv P, Xu Z, Zhang X. Different drought recovery strategy between Larix spp. and Quercus mongolica in temperate forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173521. [PMID: 38802012 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Forests are experiencing increasingly severe drought stress worldwide. Although most studies have quantified how tree growth was affected by extreme droughts, how trees recover from different drought intensities are still poorly understood for different species. We used a network of tree-ring data comprising 731 Quercus mongolica trees across 29 sites, 312 Larix olgensis Henry trees from 13 sites, and 818 Larix principis-rupprechtii trees from 34 sites, covering most of their distribution range in northern China, to compare the influences of drought intensity on post-drought recovery. The results showed that summer droughts had strong negative influences on tree growth. Post-drought growth varied with drought intensity for the three species. Larix species exhibited strong legacy effects after severe droughts, which is related to the lack of compensatory growth. In contrast, the compensatory growth of Q. mongolica reduced drought legacy effect. However, the compensatory growth of Q. mongolica gradually weaken with increasing drought intensity and disappeared during severe drought. Our findings indicated that influence of drought on Q. mongolica growth mainly shown in drought years, but Larix species suffered from long-term drought legacy effects, implying Q. mongolica rapidly recovered from droughts but Larix species need several years to recover from droughts, thus the two genera have different recovery strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Du
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Chen Xu
- College of Landscape Architecture and Tourism, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Ao Wang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Pengcheng Lv
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Zhongqi Xu
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China
| | - Xianliang Zhang
- College of Forestry, Hebei Agricultural University, 071001 Baoding, China; Long-term Silviculture base in Saihanba, Chengde, Hebei 068456, China; Urban Forest Health Technology Innovation Center, 071001 Baoding, China.
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Jiang Z, Ren S, Cao X, Fan Q, Yu R, Yang J, Mao J. pH-Universal Electrocatalytic CO 2 Reduction with Ampere-Level Current Density on Doping-Engineered Bismuth Sulfide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408412. [PMID: 38801019 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) to form formic acid fuel is hindered by the limited activation of CO2 molecules and the lack of universal feasibility across different pH levels. Herein, we report a doping-engineered bismuth sulfide pre-catalyst (BiS-1) that S is partially retained after electrochemical reconstruction into metallic Bi for CO2RR to formate/formic acid with ultrahigh performance across a wide pH range. The best BiS-1 maintains a Faraday efficiency (FE) of ~95 % at 2000 mA cm-2 in a flow cell under neutral and alkaline solutions. Furthermore, the BiS-1 catalyst shows unprecedentedly high FE (~95 %) with current densities from 100 to 1300 mA cm-2 under acidic solutions. Notably, the current density can reach 700 mA cm-2 while maintaining a FE of above 90 % in a membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer and operate stably for 150 h at 200 mA cm-2. In situ spectra and density functional theory calculations reveals that the S doping modulates the electronic structure of Bi and effectively promotes the formation of the HCOO* intermediate for formate/formic acid generation. This work develops the efficient and stable electrocatalysts for sustainable formate/formic acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Shan Ren
- Center for Materials and Interfaces, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Qikui Fan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, Shaanxi Province Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241002, Anhui, China
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Tian R, Li J, Zheng J, Liu L, Han W, Liu Y. The impact of compound drought and heatwave events from 1982 to 2022 on the phenology of Central Asian grasslands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 365:121624. [PMID: 38968888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
In the context of global warming, the occurrence and severity of extreme events like atmospheric drought (AD) and warm spell duration index (WSDI) have increased, causing significant impacts on terrestrial ecosystems in Central Asia's arid regions. Previous research has focused on single extreme events such as AD and WSDI, but the effect of compound hot and dry events (CHWE) on grassland phenology in the arid regions of Central Asia remains unclear. This study utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) and the Pettitt breakpoint test to quantify the direct and indirect responses of grassland phenology (start of season - SOS, length of season - LOS, and end of season - EOS) to AD, WSDI, and CHWE. Furthermore, this research investigated the threshold of grassland phenology response to compound hot and dry events. The research findings indicate a significant increasing trend in AD, WSDI, and CHWE in the arid regions of Central Asia from 1982 to 2022 (0.51 day/year, P < 0.01; 0.25 day/year, P < 0.01; 0.26 day/year, P < 0.01). SOS in the arid regions of Central Asia showed a significant advancement trend, while EOS exhibited a significant advance. LOS demonstrated an increasing trend (-0.23 day/year, P < 0.01; -0.12 day/year, P < 0.01; 0.56 day/year). The temperature primarily governs the variation in SOS. While higher temperatures promote an earlier SOS, they also offset the delaying effect of CHWE on SOS. AD, temperature, and CHWE have negative impacts on EOS, whereas WSDI has a positive effect on EOS. AD exhibits the strongest negative effect on EOS, with an increase in AD leading to an earlier EOS. Temperature and WSDI are positively correlated with LOS, indicating that higher temperatures and increased WSDI contribute to a longer LOS. The threshold values for the response of SOS, EOS, and LOS to CHWE are 16.14, 18.49, and 16.61 days, respectively. When CHWE exceeds these critical thresholds, there are significant changes in the response of SOS, EOS, and LOS to CHWE. These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms by which extreme climate events influence grassland phenology dynamics in Central Asia. They can contribute to better protection and management of grassland ecosystems and help in addressing the impacts of global warming and climate change in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruikang Tian
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Jianghua Zheng
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China; Xinjiang Oasis Ecology Key Laboratory, Urumqi, 830046, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Wanqiang Han
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
| | - Yujia Liu
- College of Geography and Remote Sensing Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, China
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Peng J, Ma F, Quan Q, Liao J, Chen C, Wang Y, Tang J, Sun C, Zhou Q, Niu S. Nitrogen deposition differentially regulates the sensitivity of gross primary productivity to extreme drought versus wetness. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17428. [PMID: 39021355 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Global hydroclimatic variability is increasing with more frequent extreme dry and wet years, severely destabilizing terrestrial ecosystem productivity. However, what regulates the consequence of precipitation extremes on productivity remains unclear. Based on a 9-year field manipulation experiment on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, we found that the responses of gross primary productivity (GPP) to extreme drought and wetness were differentially regulated by nitrogen (N) deposition. Over increasing N deposition, extreme dry events reduced GPP more. Among the 12 biotic and abiotic factors examined, this was mostly explained by the increased plant canopy height and proportion of drought-sensitive species under N deposition, making photosynthesis more sensitive to hydraulic stress. While extreme wet events increased GPP, their effect did not shift over N deposition. These site observations were complemented by a global synthesis derived from the GOSIF GPP dataset, which showed that GPP sensitivity to extreme drought was larger in ecosystems with higher N deposition, but GPP sensitivity to extreme wetness did not change with N deposition. Our findings indicate that intensified hydroclimatic variability would lead to a greater loss of land carbon sinks in the context of increasing N deposition, due to that GPP losses during extreme dry years are more pronounced, yet without a synchronous increase in GPP gains during extreme wet years. The study implies that the conservation and management against climate extremes merit particular attention in ecosystems subject to N deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangfang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Quan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqiang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanlian Sun
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingping Zhou
- Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Chengdu, China
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Ma N, Ji Y, Dong H, Zhu J, Peng Y, Yue K, Zhang H, Ma Y, Zheng T, Wu Q, Li Y. Effects of seasonal precipitation regimes on microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity during shrub foliar litter decomposition in a subtropical forest. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173098. [PMID: 38729364 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Elucidating the mechanisms underlying microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity responses to the seasonal precipitation regime during foliar litter decomposition is highly important for understanding the material cycle of forest ecosystems in the context of global climate change; however, the specific underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hence, a precipitation manipulation experiment involving a control (CK) and treatments with decreased precipitation in the dry season and extremely increased precipitation in the wet season (IE) and decreased precipitation in the dry season and proportionally increased precipitation in the wet season (IP) was conducted in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in China from October 2020 to October 2021. The moisture, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities of foliar litter from two dominant shrub species, Phyllostachys violascens and Alangium chinense, were measured at six stages during the dry and wet seasons. The results showed that (1) both IE and IP significantly decreased the microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen content and the activities of β-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and cellulase in the dry season, while the opposite effects were observed in the wet season. (2) Compared with those of IE, the effects of IP on foliar litter microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme activity were more significant. (3) The results from the partial least squares model indicated that extracellular enzyme activity during foliar litter decomposition was strongly controlled by the foliar litter water content, microbial biomass nitrogen, the ratio of total carbon to total phosphorus, foliar litter total carbon, and foliar litter total nitrogen. These results provide an important theoretical basis for elucidating the microbial mechanisms driving litter decomposition in a subtropical forest under global climate change scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yongkang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Huihui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Jianxiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Kai Yue
- Key Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-Geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yuandan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Tianli Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Qiqian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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12
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Cardoso P, Pinto R, Lopes T, Figueira E. How Bacteria Cope with Oxidative Stress Induced by Cadmium: Volatile Communication Is Differentially Perceived among Strains. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:565. [PMID: 38790670 PMCID: PMC11118407 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Soil is an environment with numerous niches, where bacteria are exposed to diverse conditions. Some bacteria are exposed earlier than others to pressure, and the emission of signals that other bacteria can receive and perceive may allow a better response to an eminent stimulus. To shed light on how bacteria trigger their response and adapt to changes in the environment, the intra- and interspecific influences of volatiles on bacterial strains growing under non-stressed and cadmium-stressed conditions were assessed. Each strain was exposed to its volatiles emitted by cells growing under different conditions to test whether the environment in which a cell grows influences neighboring cells. The five genera tested showed different responses, with Rhizobium displaying the greatest influence. In a second experiment, 13 strains from different genera were grown under control conditions but exposed to volatiles released by Cd-stressed Rhizobium cells to ascertain whether Rhizobium's observed influence was strain-specific or broader. Our results showed that the volatiles emitted by some bacteria under stress are differentially perceived and translated into biochemical changes (growth, alteration of the antioxidant response, and oxidative damage) by other bacteria, which may increase the adaptability and resilience of bacterial communities to environmental changes, especially those with a prooxidant nature. Cadmium (Cd) contamination of soils constitutes a risk to the environment and human health. Here, we showed the effects of Cd exposure on bacteria and how volatile communication influences the biochemistry related to coping with oxidative stress. This knowledge can be important for remediation and risk assessment and highlights that new biological features, such as volatile communication, should be considered when studying and assessing the impact of contaminants on soil ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Cardoso
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Pinto
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tiago Lopes
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Etelvina Figueira
- Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (P.C.); (R.P.); (T.L.)
- CESAM—Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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13
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Ač A, Jansen MAK, Grace J, Urban O. Unravelling the neglected role of ultraviolet radiation on stomata: A meta-analysis with implications for modelling ecosystem-climate interactions. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024; 47:1769-1781. [PMID: 38314642 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Stomata play a pivotal role in regulating gas exchange between plants and the atmosphere controlling water and carbon cycles. Accordingly, we investigated the impact of ultraviolet-B radiation, a neglected environmental factor varying with ongoing global change, on stomatal morphology and function by a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. The overall UV effect at the leaf level is to decrease stomatal conductance, stomatal aperture and stomatal size, although stomatal density was increased. The significant decline in stomatal conductance is marked (6% in trees and >10% in grasses and herbs) in short-term experiments, with more modest decreases noted in long-term UV studies. Short-term experiments in growth chambers are not representative of long-term field UV effects on stomatal conductance. Important consequences of altered stomatal function are hypothesized. In the short term, UV-mediated stomatal closure may reduce carbon uptake but also water loss through transpiration, thereby alleviating deleterious effects of drought. However, in the long term, complex changes in stomatal aperture, size, and density may reduce the carbon sequestration capacity of plants and increase vegetation and land surface temperatures, potentially exacerbating negative effects of drought and/or heatwaves. Therefore, the expected future strength of carbon sink capacity in high-UV regions is likely overestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ač
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marcel A K Jansen
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental Research Institute, UCC, Cork, Ireland
| | - John Grace
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Otmar Urban
- Global Change Research of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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14
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Teng D, Gong X, He X, Wang J, Lv G, Wang J, Yang X. Impact of meteorological variability on diurnal and seasonal net ecosystem productivity in a desert riparian forest ecosystem. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1332192. [PMID: 38699537 PMCID: PMC11063279 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1332192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The desert riparian forests are susceptible to meteorological changes and contribute significantly to the net ecosystem productivity (NEP) variations of arid ecosystems. However, the responsive patterns of their NEP variations to the meteorological variabilities remain inadequately comprehended. To address this gap, we utilized seven years of eddy covariance flux measurements in a representative desert riparian forest to investigate the NEP variations and its response to changing meteorological factors across diverse temporal scales. The results revealed significant periodic variations in half-hourly NEP, with dominant cycles spanning from five hours to one year, with a principal oscillation period of one day. Key meteorological factors including global solar radiation (Rg), relative humidity (RH), air temperature (Ta), soil temperature (Ts), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) exhibited synchronization with NEP on daily scales. This synchronization, coupled with the observed one-day periodic NEP variations, provides robust evidence supporting the existence of a circadian rhythm in the ecosystem carbon exchange of desert riparian forest regulated by meteorological conditions. Seasonal patterns were significant in the impact of Rg phase, Ta diurnal amplitude, and VPD diurnal amplitude on NEP diurnal amplitude and phase. The NEP diurnal amplitude significantly, directly, and positively affected daily NEP in both the dormant and growing seasons, whereas its phase yielded significant negative effects (P< 0.05). The averages, amplitudes, and phases of diurnal meteorological conditions controlled the daily NEP by regulating NEP diurnal amplitude and phase. These findings provide evidence that the variability in circadian rhythms, caused by the increase in diurnal Ta and VPD, significantly impact the daily NEP at an ecosystem scale. This study enriches our comprehension of the meteorological mechanisms governing diurnal and seasonal carbon uptake dynamics within desert riparian forests, providing fresh insights into the direct and indirect roles of climate change in shaping patterns of ecosystem carbon exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dexiong Teng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuewei Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuemin He
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingzhe Wang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanghui Lv
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China
- Xinjiang Jinghe Observation and Research Station of Temperate Desert Ecosystem, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaodong Yang
- Department of Geography & Spatial Information Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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15
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Zhang Y, Gu T, He S, Cheng F, Wang J, Ye H, Zhang Y, Su H, Li Q. Extreme drought along the tropic of cancer (Yunnan section) and its impact on vegetation. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7508. [PMID: 38553545 PMCID: PMC10980812 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58068-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events is one of the future prospects of climate change, and how ecosystems respond to extreme drought is crucial for response to climate change. Taking the extreme drought event in the Tropic of Cancer (Yunnan section) during 2009-2010 as a case study, used the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index to analyse the impact of extreme drought on enhanced vegetation index (EVI), leaf area index (LAI) and gross primary productivity (GPP), and to analyzed the post extreme drought vegetation recovery status. The results indicate the following: (1) Due to the cumulative effects of drought and vegetation phenology, vegetation growth in the months of March to May in 2010 was more severely affected. (2) Compared to EVI and LAI, GPP is more sensitive to drought and can accurately indicate areas where drought has impacted vegetation. (3) Following an extreme drought event, 70% of the vegetation can recover within 3 months, while 2.87-6.57% of the vegetation will remain unrecovered after 6 months. (4) Cropland and grassland show the strongest response, with longer recovery times, while woodland and shrubland exhibit weaker responses and shorter recovery times. This study provides a reference for the effects of extreme drought on vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanke Zhang
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming, 650500, China
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
- Wuhan Tianjihang Information Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tengfei Gu
- Badong National Observation and Research Station of Geohazards, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Suling He
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming, 650500, China
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Feng Cheng
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming, 650500, China
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Hui Ye
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
- Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Remote Sensing for Universities in Yunnan Kunming, Kunming, 650500, China
- Center for Geospatial Information Engineering and Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Huai Su
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Qinglei Li
- Faculty of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, 650500, China
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Luan J, Li S, Liu S, Wang Y, Ding L, Lu H, Chen L, Zhang J, Zhou W, Han S, Zhang Y, Hättenschwiler S. Biodiversity mitigates drought effects in the decomposer system across biomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2313334121. [PMID: 38498717 PMCID: PMC10990129 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2313334121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple facets of global change affect the earth system interactively, with complex consequences for ecosystem functioning and stability. Simultaneous climate and biodiversity change are of particular concern, because biodiversity may contribute to ecosystem resistance and resilience and may mitigate climate change impacts. Yet, the extent and generality of how climate and biodiversity change interact remain insufficiently understood, especially for the decomposition of organic matter, a major determinant of the biosphere-atmosphere carbon feedbacks. With an inter-biome field experiment using large rainfall exclusion facilities, we tested how drought, a common prediction of climate change models for many parts of the world, and biodiversity in the decomposer system drive decomposition in forest ecosystems interactively. Decomposing leaf litter lost less carbon (C) and especially nitrogen (N) in five different forest biomes following partial rainfall exclusion compared to conditions without rainfall exclusion. An increasing complexity of the decomposer community alleviated drought effects, with full compensation when large-bodied invertebrates were present. Leaf litter mixing increased diversity effects, with increasing litter species richness, which contributed to counteracting drought effects on C and N loss, although to a much smaller degree than decomposer community complexity. Our results show at a relevant spatial scale covering distinct climate zones that both, the diversity of decomposer communities and plant litter in forest floors have a strong potential to mitigate drought effects on C and N dynamics during decomposition. Preserving biodiversity at multiple trophic levels contributes to ecosystem resistance and appears critical to maintain ecosystem processes under ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Luan
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya572022, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siyu Li
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya572022, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Ding
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing100102, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haibo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Environment of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing100091, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Geography, Faculty of Arts and Sciences and Zhuhai Branch of State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai519087, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Chen
- Experimental Center of Tropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Pingxiang532600, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan666303, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijie Han
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu273165, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan666303, People’s Republic of China
| | - Stephan Hättenschwiler
- Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Montpellier34293, France
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17
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Liu L, Zheng N, Yu Y, Zheng Z, Yao H. Soil carbon and nitrogen cycles driven by iron redox: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 918:170660. [PMID: 38325492 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Soil carbon and nitrogen cycles affect agricultural production, environmental quality, and global climate. Iron (Fe), regarded as the most abundant redox-active metal element in the Earth's crust, is involved in a biogeochemical cycle that includes Fe(III) reduction and Fe(II) oxidation. The redox reactions of Fe can be linked to the carbon and nitrogen cycles in soil in various ways. Investigating the transformation processes and mechanisms of soil carbon and nitrogen species driven by Fe redox can provide theoretical guidance for improving soil fertility, and addressing global environmental pollution as well as climate change. Although the widespread occurrence of these coupling processes in soils has been revealed, explorations of the effects of Fe redox on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles remain in the early stages, particularly when considering the broader context of global climate and environmental changes. The key functional microorganisms, mechanisms, and contributions of these coupling processes to soil carbon and nitrogen cycles have not been fully elucidated. Here, we present a systematic review of the research progress on soil carbon and nitrogen cycles mediated by Fe redox, including the underlying reaction processes, the key microorganisms involved, the influencing factors, and their environmental significance. Finally, some unresolved issues and future perspectives are addressed. This knowledge expands our understanding of the interconnected cycles of Fe, carbon and nitrogen in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihu Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Ningguo Zheng
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Yongxiang Yu
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, PR China
| | - Zhaozhi Zheng
- Water Research Centre, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Engineering Process of Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, 206 Guanggu 1st Road, Wuhan 430205, PR China; Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, PR China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, PR China.
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18
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Zhao Y, Zhu D, Wu Z, Cao Z. Extreme rainfall erosivity: Research advances and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170425. [PMID: 38296089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Extreme rainfall erosivity, the capacity of intense rainfall to induce soil erosion, is vital for anticipating future impacts on soil conservation. Despite extensive research, significant differences persist in terms of understanding influencing mechanisms, potential impacts, estimation models and future trends of extreme rainfall erosivity. Quantitatively describing extreme rainfall erosivity remains a key issue in existing research. In this study, we comprehensively reviewed the literature to assess the relationships between extreme rainfall characteristics and rainfall erosivity, between extreme rainfall erosivity and soil erosion, estimation models and trend prediction. The aim was to summarize previous related research and achievements, providing a better understanding of the generation, impacts and future trends of extreme rainfall erosivity. Future research directions should include identifying the thresholds of extreme rainfall events, increasing research attention on tropical cyclones in terms of rainfall erosivity, considering on the impact of extreme rainfall erosivity on soil erosion, and improving rainfall erosivity estimation and simulation prediction methods. This study could contribute to adapting to global climate change and aiding in formulating soil erosion prevention and environmental protection recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Zhao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Dayun Zhu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China.
| | - Zhigao Wu
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China; State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
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19
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Wu W, Huang Z, Sun Z, Zhang J, Wang S, Fang M, Yang H, Lu H, Guo G, Liu W. Simulation and attribution analysis of terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage of Hainan Island from 2015 to 2050. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170348. [PMID: 38281647 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Terrestrial ecosystem carbon storage (TECS) could significantly affect the concentration of atmospheric CO2, which is critical for climate change prediction. Along these lines, the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs model was employed to determine the TECS of Hainan Island (HN) from 2015 to 2050 accurately. Besides, the Future Land-use Simulation model combined with natural and anthropogenic factors was used to forecast the land-use types from 2025 to 2050 in HN by considering different Shared-socioeconomic pathway-Rrepresentative concentration pathway (SSP-RCP) scenarios. Finally, the geographical detector explored the influence mechanism concerning the TECS. Under the SSP1-RCP1.9 scenario, the TECS of HN will be gradually increased to 388.10 million tons in 2050, mainly due to the increase in forest areas and the fact that the majority of grassland in the western part of HN is being converted into forest. Under different SSP-RCP scenarios except for SSP1-RCP1.9, HN's TECS is expected to gradually decrease from 2015 to 2050, mainly due to the loss of grassland and forest in coastal low-altitude areas. From the single/pair factor perspective influenced mechanism concerning the TECS, the elevation (DEM) and DEM∩Slope were found to be the dominant single/pair factor under the SSP1-RCP1.9, SSP1-RCP2.6 and SSP2-RCP4.5 scenarios. The least distance to residential area (LDP) and LDP∩LDR (i.e. LDP and least distance to roads or railways) were found to be the dominant factors under the SSP3-RCP7.0, SSP4-RCP3.4, SSP4-RCP6.0, SSP5-RCP3.4 and SSP5-RCP8.5 scenarios. Besides, the pair factors provided a higher determinant power for TECS than a single factor. Given the results of the TECS and the influence mechanism concerning the TECS under different SSP-RCP scenarios, we suggest reasonably planning the transportation network and limiting the disorderly expansion of construction land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya 572022, PR China.
| | - Zanhui Huang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, PR China; Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya 572022, PR China.
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya 572022, PR China.
| | - Shisheng Wang
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, PR China.
| | - Mengyang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, PR China; Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya 572022, PR China.
| | - Huai Yang
- Institute of Tropical Bamboo, Rattan & Flower, Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya, PR China.
| | - Hua Lu
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agriculture University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
| | - Guoling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Fruit Biology, School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, PR China.
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, School of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, PR China; Sanya Tropical Ecosystem Carbon Source and Sink Field Scientific Observation and Research Station, Sanya 572022, PR China.
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20
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Losos D, Hoffman S, Stoy PC. GOES-R land surface products at Western Hemisphere eddy covariance tower locations. Sci Data 2024; 11:277. [PMID: 38453973 PMCID: PMC10920807 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial carbon cycle varies dynamically on hourly to weekly scales, making it difficult to observe. Geostationary ("weather") satellites like the Geostationary Environmental Operational Satellite - R Series (GOES-R) deliver near-hemispheric imagery at a ten-minute cadence. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aboard GOES-R measures visible and near-infrared spectral bands that can be used to estimate land surface properties and carbon dioxide flux. However, GOES-R data are designed for real-time dissemination and are difficult to link with eddy covariance time series of land-atmosphere carbon dioxide exchange. We compiled three-year time series of GOES-R land surface attributes including visible and near-infrared reflectances, land surface temperature (LST), and downwelling shortwave radiation (DSR) at 314 ABI fixed grid pixels containing eddy covariance towers. We demonstrate how to best combine satellite and in-situ datasets and show how ABI attributes useful for ecosystem monitoring vary across space and time. By connecting observation networks that infer rapid changes to the carbon cycle, we can gain a richer understanding of the processes that control it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Losos
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Sophie Hoffman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Paul C Stoy
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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21
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Wang F, Li T, Zhang R, Wang J, Xu M, Guo H, Niu S, Tian D. Extreme precipitation causes divergent responses of root respiration to nitrogen enrichment in an alpine meadow. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168568. [PMID: 37979856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Grassland roots are fundamental to obtain the most limiting soil water and nitrogen (N) resources. However, this natural pattern could be significantly changed by recent co-occurrence of N deposition and extreme precipitations, likely with complex interactions on grassland root production and respiration. Despite this nonlinearity, we still know little about how extreme precipitation change nonlinearly regulates the responses of root respiration to N enrichment. Here, we conducted a 6-year experiment of N addition in an alpine meadow, coincidently experiencing extreme precipitations among experimental years. Our results demonstrated that root respiration showed divergent responses to N addition along with extreme precipitation changes among years. Under normal rainfall year, root respiration was significantly stimulated by N addition, whereas it was depressed under high or low water. Moreover, we revealed that both root biomass and traits (i.e. specific root length) were critical mechanisms in affecting root respiration response, but their relative importance changed with water condition. For example, specific root length and specific root respiration were more dominant than root biomass in determining root respiration response under low water, or vice versa. Overall, this study comprehensively reveals the nonlinearity of root respiration responses to the interactions of N enrichment and extreme water change. These new findings help to reconcile previously conflicting results that obtain in a specific episode of water gradient, with important implications for understanding grassland belowground carbon dynamics in facing combined N deposition and extreme precipitation events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruiyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongbo Guo
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dashuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Adeyeri OE, Zhou W, Ndehedehe CE, Wang X. Global vegetation, moisture, thermal and climate interactions intensify compound extreme events. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169261. [PMID: 38097089 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Compound extreme events, encompassing drought, vegetation stress, wildfire severity, and heatwave intensity (CDVWHS), pose significant threats to societal, environmental, and health systems. Understanding the intricate relationships governing CDVWHS evolution and their interaction with climate teleconnections is crucial for effective climate adaptation strategies. This study leverages remote sensing, reanalysis data, and climate models to analyze CDVWHS during historical (1982-2014), near-future (2028-2060), and far-future (2068-2100) periods under two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP; 245 and 585). Our results show that reduced vegetation health, unfavorable temperature conditions, and low moisture conditions have negligible effects on vegetation density. However, they worsen the intensity of heatwaves and increase the risk of wildfires. Wildfires can persist when thermal conditions are poor despite favorable moisture levels. For example, despite adequate moisture availability, we link the 2012 Siberian wildfire in the Ob basin to anomalous negative thermal conditions and concurrent unfavorable thermal-moisture conditions. In contrast, the Amazon experiences extreme and exceptional drought associated with unfavorable moisture conditions in the same year. A comparative analysis of Siberian and North American fires reveals distinct burned area anomalies due to variations in vegetation density and wildfire fuel. The North American fires have lower positive anomalies in burned areas because of negative anomalous vegetation density, which reduced the amount of wildfire fuel. Furthermore, we examine basin-specific variability in climate teleconnections related to compound CDVWHS, revealing the primary modes of variability and evolution of CDVWHS through climate teleconnection patterns. Moreover, a substantial increase in the magnitude of heatwave severity emerges between the near and far future under SSP 585. This study underscores the urgency for targeted actions to enhance ecosystem resilience and safeguard vulnerable communities from CDVWHS impacts. Identifying CDVWHS hotspots and comprehending their complex relationships with environmental factors are essential for developing effective adaptation strategies in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwafemi E Adeyeri
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong; Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice System for Weather and Climate, Ministry of Education, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Wen Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polar Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice System for Weather and Climate, Ministry of Education, Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory for Polar Science of the MNR, Polar Research Institute of China, Shanghai, China.
| | - Christopher E Ndehedehe
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Xuan Wang
- Low-Carbon and Climate Impact Research Centre, School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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23
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Chen Z, Wang W, Forzieri G, Cescatti A. Transition from positive to negative indirect CO 2 effects on the vegetation carbon uptake. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1500. [PMID: 38374331 PMCID: PMC10876672 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2) has substantial indirect effects on vegetation carbon uptake via associated climate change, their dynamics remain unclear. Here we investigate how the impacts of eCO2-driven climate change on growing-season gross primary production have changed globally during 1982-2014, using satellite observations and Earth system models, and evaluate their evolution until the year 2100. We show that the initial positive effect of eCO2-induced climate change on vegetation carbon uptake has declined recently, shifting to negative in the early 21st century. Such emerging pattern appears prominent in high latitudes and occurs in combination with a decrease of direct CO2 physiological effect, ultimately resulting in a sharp reduction of the current growth benefits induced by climate warming and CO2 fertilization. Such weakening of the indirect CO2 effect can be partially attributed to the widespread land drying, and it is expected to be further exacerbated under global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiguang Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
- Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Giovanni Forzieri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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24
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Yu J, Hou G, Shi P, Zong N, Peng J. Nitrogen rather than phosphorous addition alters the asymmetric responses of primary productivity to precipitation variability across a precipitation gradient on the northern Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167856. [PMID: 37866615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the response of alpine grassland productivity to precipitation fluctuations is essential for assessing the future changes of ecosystem services. However, the underlying mechanism by which grassland productivity responds to wet and dry years after nitrogen (N) or/and phosphorus (P) nutrient addition remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of plant communities based on eight-year N or/and P addition gradient experiments in four grassland types across a precipitation gradient on the north Tibetan Plateau. The asymmetry index (AI) was used to evaluate the responses of aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) to precipitation fluctuations where AI > 0 indicates a greater increase of ANPP in wet years compared to the decline in dry years, and AI < 0 indicates a greater decline of ANPP in dry years compared to the increase in wet years. Our results showed that the AI values at community level in four natural grasslands were non-significant trend across the precipitation gradient, and showed slightly negative asymmetry, suggesting that the increase of ANPP in wet years was less than the decrease in dry years. N addition resulted in a significant decrease in community-level AI values with increasing mean annual precipitation (MAP), indicating that improved nutrient availability may favor the recovery of productivity in drier grasslands in wet years. At the functional group level, nutrient addition resulted in a significant decrease in the AI values of grasses and legumes and an increase in the AI values of forbs as MAP increased. Furthermore, the coupling of nutrients with precipitation can influence the productivity responses to precipitation changes by affecting soil nutrient availability and species richness. This research provides new insights into better predicting vegetation activity on N deposition rates and precipitation changes exacerbated in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialuo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Ge Hou
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peili Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Ning Zong
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinlong Peng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modelling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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25
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Li D, An L, Zhong S, Shen L, Wu S. Declining coupling between vegetation and drought over the past three decades. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17141. [PMID: 38273520 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Droughts have been implicated as the main driver behind recent vegetation die-off and are projected to drive greater mortality under future climate change. Understanding the coupling relationship between vegetation and drought has been of great global interest. Currently, the coupling relationship between vegetation and drought is mainly evaluated by correlation coefficients or regression slopes. However, the optimal drought timescale of vegetation response to drought, as a key indicator reflecting vegetation sensitivity to drought, has largely been ignored. Here, we apply the optimal drought timescale identification method to examine the change in coupling between vegetation and drought over the past three decades (1982-2015) with long-term satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index data. We find substantial increasing response of vegetation to drought timescales globally, and the correlation coefficient between vegetation and drought under optimal drought timescale overall declines between 1982 and 2015. This decrease in vegetation-drought coupling is mainly observed in regions with water deficit, although its initial correlation is relatively high. However, vegetation in water-surplus regions, with low coupling in earlier stages, is prone to show an increasing trend. The observed changes may be driven by the increasing trend of atmospheric CO2 . Our findings highlight more pressing drought risk in water-surplus regions than in water-deficit regions, which advances our understanding of the long-term vegetation-drought relationship and provides essential insights for mapping future vegetation sensitivity to drought under changing climate conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delong Li
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li An
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Zhong
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Shen
- Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-Pakistan Joint Research Center on Earth Sciences, CAS-HEC, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Key Laboratory of Carrying Capacity Assessment for Resource and Environment, Ministry of Natural Resources of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyao Wu
- Center for Yellow River Ecosystem Products, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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26
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Lí JT, Hicks LC, Brangarí AC, Tájmel D, Cruz-Paredes C, Rousk J. Subarctic winter warming promotes soil microbial resilience to freeze-thaw cycles and enhances the microbial carbon use efficiency. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e17040. [PMID: 38273522 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Climate change is predicted to cause milder winters and thus exacerbate soil freeze-thaw perturbations in the subarctic, recasting the environmental challenges that soil microorganisms need to endure. Historical exposure to environmental stressors can facilitate the microbial resilience to new cycles of that same stress. However, whether and how such microbial memory or stress legacy can modulate microbial responses to cycles of frost remains untested. Here, we conducted an in situ field experiment in a subarctic birch forest, where winter warming resulted in a substantial increase in the number and intensity of freeze-thaw events. After one season of winter warming, which raised mean surface and soil (-8 cm) temperatures by 2.9 and 1.4°C, respectively, we investigated whether the in situ warming-induced increase in frost cycles improved soil microbial resilience to an experimental freeze-thaw perturbation. We found that the resilience of microbial growth was enhanced in the winter warmed soil, which was associated with community differences across treatments. We also found that winter warming enhanced the resilience of bacteria more than fungi. In contrast, the respiration response to freeze-thaw was not affected by a legacy of winter warming. This translated into an enhanced microbial carbon-use efficiency in the winter warming treatments, which could promote the stabilization of soil carbon during such perturbations. Together, these findings highlight the importance of climate history in shaping current and future dynamics of soil microbial functioning to perturbations associated with climate change, with important implications for understanding the potential consequences on microbial-mediated biogeochemical cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Tao Lí
- Department of Biology, Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lettice C Hicks
- Department of Biology, Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Albert C Brangarí
- Department of Biology, Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Dániel Tájmel
- Department of Biology, Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Carla Cruz-Paredes
- Department of Biology, Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Johannes Rousk
- Department of Biology, Microbial Biogeochemistry in Lund (MBLU), Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Microbial Ecology, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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27
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Sun M, Li X, Xu H, Wang K, Anniwaer N, Hong S. Drought thresholds that impact vegetation reveal the divergent responses of vegetation growth to drought across China. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2024; 30:e16998. [PMID: 37899690 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Identifying droughts and accurately evaluating drought impacts on vegetation growth are crucial to understanding the terrestrial carbon balance across China. However, few studies have identified the critical drought thresholds that impact China's vegetation growth, leading to large uncertainty in assessing the ecological consequences of droughts. In this study, we utilize gridded surface soil moisture data and satellite-observed normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) to assess vegetation response to droughts in China during 2001-2018. Based on the nonlinear relationship between changing drought stress and the coincident anomalies of NDVI during the growing season, we derive the spatial patterns of satellite-based drought thresholds (T SM ) that impact vegetation growth in China via a framework for detecting drought thresholds combining the methods of feature extraction, coincidence analysis, and piecewise linear regression. The T SM values represent percentile-based drought threshold levels, with smaller T SM values corresponding to more negative anomalies of soil moisture. On average, T SM is at the 8.7th percentile and detectable in 64.4% of China's vegetated lands, with lower values in North China and Jianghan Plain and higher values in the Inner Mongolia Plateau. Furthermore, T SM for forests is commonly lower than that for grasslands. We also find that agricultural irrigation modifies the drought thresholds for croplands in the Sichuan Basin. For future projections, Earth System Models predict that more regions in China will face an increasing risk for ecological drought, and the Hexi Corridor-Hetao Plain and Shandong Peninsula will become hotspots of ecological drought. This study has important implications for accurately evaluating the impacts of drought on vegetation growth in China and provides a scientific reference for the effective ecomanagement of China's terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingze Sun
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Nazhakaiti Anniwaer
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Hong
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Li X, Song Z, Hu Y, Qiao J, Chen Y, Wang S, Yue P, Chen M, Ke Y, Xu C, Yu Q, Zuo X. Drought intensity and post-drought precipitation determine vegetation recovery in a desert steppe in Inner Mongolia, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167449. [PMID: 37832659 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Extreme drought events are expected to increase in frequency and severity, posing significant threats to ecosystems worldwide. While considerable research has been concentrated on the effects of climate extremes on the stability of grasslands, the process by which grassland productivity may recover after extreme drought events are still not well understood. Here, we conducted a four-year (2019-2022) recovery investigation after four-year's (2015-2018) extreme drought treatments of different intensities (control, press and pulse) to explore the vegetation recovery of desert-grassland ecosystems Inner Mongolia, China. Press drought involved a 66 % reduction in natural precipitation from May to August, while pulse drought reduced it by 100 % during June and July. We found that both press and pulse droughts led to a sharp decrease in aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) after four years, primarily due to reduced growth, density, and productivity of annual and perennial plants. However, ANPP under pulse drought could recover fully after four years of stopping of drought treatment, and it could not under press drought. Additionally, community structure (i.e., species richness, plant density, and height) fully recovered within 1 year after the end of the two extreme drought treatments. Both plant density and height contributed to the ANPP recovery after press and pulse droughts. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results further revealed that the reduction in ANPP during the extreme drought was primarily due to a decrease in plant density caused by reduced soil water content. The recovery of ANPP in pulse drought was directly caused by increased soil water content in the post-extreme drought. These results suggest that drought intensity and precipitation determine ANPP recovery in a degraded desert steppe. Our findings are crucial for deepening understanding of the processes and mechanisms of ecosystem recovery after extreme drought, as well as for the successful management and protection of grassland ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Li
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhaobin Song
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ya Hu
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jingjuan Qiao
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuheng Chen
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ping Yue
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Min Chen
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuguang Ke
- Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Chong Xu
- Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- School of Grassland Science, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 10008, China
| | - Xiaoan Zuo
- Urat Desert-grassland Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Naiman Desertification Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou 730000, China; Key Laboratory of Stress Physiology and Ecology in Cold and Arid Region, Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730000, China.
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Qu LP, Chen J, Xiao J, De Boeck HJ, Dong G, Jiang SC, Hu YL, Wang YX, Shao CL. The complexity of heatwaves impact on terrestrial ecosystem carbon fluxes: Factors, mechanisms and a multi-stage analytical approach. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117495. [PMID: 37890820 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Extreme heatwaves have become more frequent and severe in recent decades, and are expected to significantly influence carbon fluxes at regional scales across global terrestrial ecosystems. Nevertheless, accurate prediction of future heatwave impacts remains challenging due to a lack of a consistent comprehension of intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms. We approached this knowledge gap by analyzing the complexity factors in heatwave studies, including the methodology for determining heatwave events, divergent responses of individual ecosystem components at multiple ecological and temporal scales, and vegetation status and hydrothermal environment, among other factors. We found that heatwaves essentially are continuously changing compound environmental stress that can unfold into multiple chronological stages, and plant physiology and carbon flux responses differs in each of these stages. This approach offers a holistic perspective, recognizing that the impacts of heatwaves on ecosystems can be better understood when evaluated over time. These stages include instantaneous, post-heatwave, legacy, and cumulative effects, each contributing uniquely to the overall impact on the ecosystem carbon cycle. Next, we investigated the importance of the timing of heatwaves and the possible divergent consequences caused by different annual heatwave patterns. Finally, a conceptual framework is proposed to establish a united foundation for the study and comprehension of the consequences of heatwaves on ecosystem carbon cycle. This instrumental framework will assist in guiding regional assessments of heatwave impacts, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the varied responses of terrestrial ecosystems to specific heatwave events, which are imperative for devising efficient adaptation and mitigation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Ping Qu
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Center for Global Change & Earth Observations (CGCEO), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA.
| | - Jingfeng Xiao
- Earth Systems Research Center, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, 03824, USA.
| | - Hans J De Boeck
- Research Group of Plants and Ecosystems (PLECO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Gang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China; School of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.
| | | | - Ya-Lin Hu
- College of JunCao Science and Ecology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chang-Liang Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arid and Semi-arid Arable Land in Northern China, National Hulunber Grassland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Das R, Chaturvedi RK, Roy A, Karmakar S, Ghosh S. Warming inhibits increases in vegetation net primary productivity despite greening in India. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21309. [PMID: 38042916 PMCID: PMC10693629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48614-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
India is the second-highest contributor to the post-2000 global greening. However, with satellite data, here we show that this 18.51% increase in Leaf Area Index (LAI) during 2001-2019 fails to translate into increased carbon uptake due to warming constraints. Our analysis further shows 6.19% decrease in Net Primary Productivity (NPP) during 2001-2019 over the temporally consistent forests in India despite 6.75% increase in LAI. We identify hotspots of statistically significant decreasing trends in NPP over the key forested regions of Northeast India, Peninsular India, and the Western Ghats. Together, these areas contribute to more than 31% of the NPP of India (1274.8 TgC.year-1). These three regions are also the warming hotspots in India. Granger Causality analysis confirms that temperature causes the changes in net-photosynthesis of vegetation. Decreasing photosynthesis and stable respiration, above a threshold temperature, over these regions, as seen in observations, are the key reasons behind the declining NPP. Our analysis shows that warming has already started affecting carbon uptake in Indian forests and calls for improved climate resilient forest management practices in a warming world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ripan Das
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar Chaturvedi
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, India
| | - Adrija Roy
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Subhankar Karmakar
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Subimal Ghosh
- Interdisciplinary Program in Climate Studies, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India.
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Chen T, Wang Y, Peng L. Advanced time-lagged effects of drought on global vegetation growth and its social risk in the 21st century. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 347:119253. [PMID: 37806268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies have demonstrated the restricting effect of past and present drought conditions on vegetation growth over the past three decades. However, the underlying mechanism of the impact of prior drought on vegetation growth - along with the magnitude of its impact over the rest of the 21st century - remains uncertain. Herein, we examined the evolution and characteristics of global vegetation growth and drought for both baseline (1982-2014) and future (2015-2100) periods under four representative pathways using the gross primary productivity (GPP) and the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index from the CMIP6. Further, we investigated the time-lagged effects of drought on vegetation growth and the intensity of population and economy exposure to drought by identifying drought-threatened areas under four emission scenarios. The results show that, at the end of the 21st century, the global terrestrial GPP will experience an increasing trend under four scenarios, especially in SSP5-8.5, with a growth rate of 0.032 kg C m-2/decade, which is 10 times higher than that in SSP1-2.6. From the SSP1-2.6 to the SSP5-8.5 scenario, the SPEI change rates are -0.03, -0.01, -0.017, and -0.018/decade, respectively, indicating that the intensity of global drought events will rise with increases in CO2 emissions. 28.3%, 24.7%, 30.4%, and 35% of global land exhibit downward mean time-lagged months in four scenarios, especially in the middle-high latitudes of the northern hemisphere (>45°N), indicating an advanced response of vegetation to drought. Nearly 8, 9.1, 12.9, and 11.5 billion people - valued at 94,138 (SSP1-2.6), 976,020 (SSP2-4.5), 526,595 (SSP3-7.0), and 204,728 (SSP5-8.5) billion US$, respectively - will be threatened by continuous drought. Globally, the population and economy exposure to moderate and extreme drought zones is larger, and the economic risk from extreme droughts is 8 times greater under the high emissions scenario than the low emissions scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China; Chongqing Field Observation and Research Station of Surface Ecological Process in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Li Peng
- College of Geography and Resources, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China.
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Silvestro R, Mura C, Alano Bonacini D, de Lafontaine G, Faubert P, Mencuccini M, Rossi S. Local adaptation shapes functional traits and resource allocation in black spruce. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21257. [PMID: 38040772 PMCID: PMC10692160 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48530-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is rapidly altering weather patterns, resulting in shifts in climatic zones. The survival of trees in specific locations depends on their functional traits. Local populations exhibit trait adaptations that ensure their survival and accomplishment of growth and reproduction processes during the growing season. Studying these traits offers valuable insights into species responses to present and future environmental conditions, aiding the implementation of measures to ensure forest resilience and productivity. This study investigates the variability in functional traits among five black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) provenances originating from a latitudinal gradient along the boreal forest, and planted in a common garden in Quebec, Canada. We examined differences in bud phenology, growth performance, lifetime first reproduction, and the impact of a late-frost event on tree growth and phenological adjustments. The findings revealed that trees from northern sites exhibit earlier budbreak, lower growth increments, and reach reproductive maturity earlier than those from southern sites. Late-frost damage affected growth performance, but no phenological adjustment was observed in the successive year. Local adaptation in the functional traits may lead to maladaptation of black spruce under future climate conditions or serve as a potent evolutionary force promoting rapid adaptation under changing environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Silvestro
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada.
| | - C Mura
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - D Alano Bonacini
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
| | - G de Lafontaine
- Canada Research Chair in Integrative Biology of the Northern Flora, Département de biologie, chimie et Géographie, Centre for Northern Studies, Centre for Forest Research, Université du Québec à Rimouski, Rimouski, QC, Canada
| | - P Faubert
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
- Carbone boréal, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H 2B1, Canada
| | - M Mencuccini
- Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), 08193, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluis Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rossi
- Laboratoire sur les écosystèmes terrestres boréaux, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 555 Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi, QC, G7H2B1, Canada
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Moreno-de-Las-Heras M, Bochet E, Vicente-Serrano SM, Espigares T, Molina MJ, Monleón V, Nicolau JM, Tormo J, García-Fayos P. Drought conditions, aridity and forest structure control the responses of Iberian holm oak woodlands to extreme droughts: A large-scale remote-sensing exploration in eastern Spain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165887. [PMID: 37517715 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how Mediterranean forests respond to the increasing frequency of extreme droughts and forest densification is crucial for effective land management in the present context of climate change and land abandonment. We study the responses of Iberian holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) woodlands to recent extreme droughts during 2000-2019 along broad gradients of climate aridity and forest structure. To this purpose, we apply large-scale remote-sensing using MODIS EVI as a primary production proxy in 5274 Q. ilex sites distributed within a 100,000 km2 region in eastern Spain. These woodlands were extensively affected by two extreme drought events in 2005 and 2012. Resistance, assessed as the capacity of the ecosystems to maintain primary production during drought, was significantly lower for semi-arid than for sub-humid and dry-transition conditions. Holm oak woodlands located in semi-arid areas of the region showed also poorer resilience to drought, characterized by low capacity to fully recover to their pre-drought production levels. Further, drought intensity and both pre- and post-drought hydric conditions controlled the variations of resistance, recovery and resilience between the two analyzed extreme drought events. Drought effects were particularly negative for dense Q. ilex stands under semi-arid climate conditions, where strong competition for scarce water resources reduced drought resistance. The observed drought vulnerability of semi-arid holm oak woodlands may affect the long-term stability of these dry forests. Adaptive management strategies, such as selective forest thinning, may be useful for improving drought responses in these more vulnerable semi-arid woodlands. Conversely, natural rewilding may more appropriately guide management actions for more humid areas, where densely developed Q. ilex woodlands show in general a high ability to maintain ecosystem primary production during drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moreno-de-Las-Heras
- Mediterranean Environmental Research Group (GRAM), Department of Geography, University of Barcelona, 08001 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - E Bochet
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - S M Vicente-Serrano
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (IPE-CSIC), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - T Espigares
- Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - M J Molina
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - V Monleón
- US Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - J M Nicolau
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain; Environmental Sciences Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - J Tormo
- Department of Agrarian and Environmental Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 22071 Huesca, Spain; Environmental Sciences Institute of Aragon, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P García-Fayos
- Desertification Research Center (CIDE, CSIC-UV-GV), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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Feng H, Wang S, Zou B, Yang Z, Wang S, Wang W. Contribution of land use and cover change (LUCC) to the global terrestrial carbon uptake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 901:165932. [PMID: 37532046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial carbon uptake is critical to the removal of greenhouse gases and mitigation of global warming, which are closely related to land use and cover change (LUCC). However, understanding terrestrial carbon uptake and the LUCC contribution remains unclear because of complex interactions with other drivers (particularly climate change). By proposing an innovative approach of "trajectory analysis", this study aimed to isolate the LUCC contribution to terrestrial carbon uptake over different scales. Methodologically, global land was first divided into sub-regions of land transformations and stable land trajectories. Then, the carbon uptake change in the stable land trajectory was taken as a synthetic influence of climate change, which was used as a reference to isolate the carbon uptake alternation generated from the LUCC contribution in the land transformation trajectories. Finally, future LUCC and the terrestrial carbon uptake response were predicted under different development pathways. The results showed the global mean net ecosystem production (NEP) was 27.44 ± 36.51 g C m-2 yr-1 in the past two decades (2001-2019), generating 3.15 ± 0.88 Pg C yr-1 of the total terrestrial carbon uptake. Both the NEP and total carbon uptake showed significant increasing trends. Specifically, the mean NEP increased from 17.96 g C m-2 yr-1 in 2001 to 37.37 g C m-2 yr-1 in 2019, with the trend written as y = 1.20× + 15.20 (R2 = 0.62, p < 0.01). Meanwhile, the total carbon uptake increased from 2.35 Pg C yr-1 in 2001 to 4.13 Pg C yr-1 in 2019, which could be written as y = 0.12× + 1.93 (R2 = 0.56, p < 0.01). Climate change acted as the dominant factor for the trends at the global scale, which contributed 21.26 g C m-2 yr-1 and 1.59 Pg C yr-1 of the mean NEP and total carbon uptake changes in the stable land trajectories (94.30 million km2 that covered 63.29 % of the global land area), and the historical LUCC contributed -6.30 g C m-2 yr-1 (-40.85 %) and - 0.046 Pg C yr-1 (-57.50 %) of the mean NEP and the total carbon uptake change in the land transformation trajectories (6.64 million km2 that covered 4.46 % of the global land area), respectively. The maximum LUCC contribution (-61.85 g C m-2 yr-1) to the mean NEP occurred in the land transformations from evergreen needleleaf forests to woody savannas, while the maximum contribution (-0.034 Pg C y-1) to total carbon uptake was in the deforested regions from evergreen broadleaf forests to woody savannas. Eight SSP-RCP scenarios predictions demonstrated that future terrestrial carbon uptake would increase by an average of 0.015 Pg C yr-1 in 2100 due to global afforestation. SSP4-3.4 and SSP5-3.4 had the greatest potential for increasing carbon uptake, which is expected to reach a maximum increase (0.045 Pg C yr-1) in 2100. In contrast, the minimum terrestrial carbon uptake would occur in SSP5-8.5, which had the highest CO2 emissions. In conclusion, although relatively limited at the global scale, LUCC (particularly forest change) exerted an unneglectable role on terrestrial carbon uptake in land transformation regions. The results of this study will help to clarify terrestrial carbon uptake dynamics and provide a basis for carbon neutral and climatic adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Feng
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Spatio-temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Chinese Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shu Wang
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Spatio-temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Chinese Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Zhuoling Yang
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Shihan Wang
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; Key Laboratory of Spatio-temporal Information and Intelligent Services, Chinese Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha 410083, China.
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Li H, Zhang F, Li J, Guo X, Zhou H, Li Y. Differential responses of CO 2 and latent heat fluxes to climatic anomalies on two alpine grasslands on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165863. [PMID: 37516184 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Discrete extreme heat events, deluges, and droughts will become more frequent and disproportionately affect the processes and functions of grassland ecosystems. Here, we compared the responses of CO2 and heat fluxes to natural extreme events in 2016 in a lower alpine meadow and neighboring upper shrubland on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Unlike insensitive sensible heat flux, latent heat flux (LE) increased by 21.8 % in the meadow and by 56.4 % in the shrubland during a dry period and subsequent compound hot-dry period in August. Changes (Δ, data for 2016 minus the corresponding means from other years) in the heat flux at both sites were determined by changes in solar radiation (ΔSwin), as sufficient soil moisture was available. ΔLE was more sensitive to ΔSwin in the open-canopy shrubland, reflecting its greater capacity for evaporative cooling to buffer climate anomalies. CO2 fluxes responded weakly to extreme wet or dry events but strongly when those events were accompanied by exceptional heat. During single or compound hot events, the mean changes in total ecosystem respiration (ΔTER) increased by about 30 % in both grasslands, although ΔTER was more sensitive to changes in the topsoil temperature in the more productive meadow than in the shrubland. The mean changes in gross primary productivity (ΔGPP) fluctuated by <10 % in the warmer meadow but increased by 29.3 % in the cooler shrubland relative to the respective baseline, probably because of the differences in canopy structure and root depth and the consequent high-temperature stress on vegetation photosynthesis. The changes in net ecosystem CO2 exchange (ΔNEE) were significantly related to ΔTER in the meadow and increased by 55.8 %, whereas ΔNEE was controlled mainly by ΔGPP in the shrubland and decreased by 22.4 %. Overall, both alpine grasslands were resistant to rainfall anomalies but susceptible to exceptional warmth, with the differential responses being ascribed to canopy structure and root depth. Our results provide helpful insights based on which the carbon sequestration and water-holding functions of alpine grasslands during future climate change can be predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqin Li
- College of Life Sciences, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan 471934, China; Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Fawei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China.
| | - Jiexia Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Xiaowei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Huakun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
| | - Yingnian Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China; Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration Ecology in Cold Region, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai 810008, China
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Lv Y, Ma Y, Li H, Ding Y, Meng Q, Guo J. Analysis of spatiotemporal patterns of atmospheric CO 2 concentration in the Yellow River Basin over the past decade based on time-series remote sensing data. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:115745-115757. [PMID: 37889413 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30553-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatial and temporal variations of CO2 column concentration (CO2-CCs) is crucial for tackling climate change and promoting sustainable human development. This study provides an in-depth analysis of CO2 dynamics in the Yellow River Basin, an area significantly affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors. Using data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) and the Fourier transformation spectrometer (FTS) of the GOSAT satellite remote sensing sensors, supplemented with ground station data from the Waliguan station, we scrutinized the CO2 levels in the region from 2013 to 2022. The regional CO2-CC displayed a 12-month cyclical variation and a continuous upward trend, escalating by approximately 4.26% over the 10-year period. Spatiotemporal differences were evident in the monthly variation of CO2-CC, with peak and minimum values occurring in May and August respectively. Geographically, the highest CO2-CC was found in the central part of the basin, while the lowest was in the northern part of Inner Mongolia. This study underscores the increased significance of the region's CO2-CC, which showed an increase from 17.0 ppm at the start of the period to 21.0 ppm by the end, representing an overall growth of between 4.35 and 5.25%. The findings highlight the urgency of targeted measures to mitigate CO2 emissions and adapt to their consequences in the Yellow River Basin, contributing to the global efforts against climate change and towards sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lv
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuchen Ma
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haoyu Li
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhang Ding
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent Service, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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Gupta S, Deb Burman PK, Tiwari YK, Dumka UC, Kumari N, Srivastava A, Raghubanshi AS. Understanding carbon sequestration trends using model and satellite data under different ecosystems in India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:166381. [PMID: 37595902 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
This study discusses carbon sequestration variability in different ecosystems of India. Four different biosphere regions, each over 0.5° × 0.5° area, have been selected considering the geospatial and climatic variability of these regions expanding from Central India (CI), the Northeast region (NER), the Western Ghats (WG), and the Western Himalayan region (WHNI). The climatic conditions of these four regions are different so are the biosphere constituents of these regions. We expect the Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) to enhance during the all India summer monsoon rainfall season but in varied magnitudes suggesting a role of climatic parameters and flora in these regions. The GPP from FLUXCOM for the duration of 2001 to 2019 (19 years) and satellite-derived vegetation indices like the Normalized Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), and Leaf Area Index (LAI) are used in this study to understand the response of regional vegetation to this variability. EVI seems to be better related to GPP in comparison to NDVI in the preliminary analysis. Further analysis suggests LAI correlates better to GPP than EVI and NDVI in different seasons in these four regions. Also, meteorological parameters like surface temperature, rainfall, soil water, and other derived parameters like Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) are studied. It is also observed that the year-to-year variability in the climatic conditions could also have a role to play in the observed features. It is proven that the climate around the world is experiencing changes. Vegetation is one of the potent markers to monitor the impact of climate change. These long-term data and trends were studied to understand if there is any significant impact of the changing climatic conditions on the vegetation in these regions. Our study shows that there is an increasing (positive) trend in GPP at these locations though at different rates. WG and WHNI have shown a significant high rate of increase (6.44 and 5.36 gCm-2 y-1, respectively) in GPP over the last two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrati Gupta
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India; Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Pramit Kumar Deb Burman
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India; Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Yogesh K Tiwari
- Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Ministry of Earth Sciences, Pune, India; Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India.
| | | | - Nikul Kumari
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ankur Srivastava
- Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Akhilesh S Raghubanshi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kothiyal S, Prabhjyot-Kaur, Sandhu SS, Kaur J. Modelling the climate change impact of mitigation (RCP 2.6) and high emission (RCP 8.5) scenarios on maize yield and possible adaptation measures in different agroclimatic zones of Punjab, India. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:6984-6994. [PMID: 37322817 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A simulation study was performed for assessing climate change impact on maize under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs 2.6 and 8.5) for Punjab, India. The study area comprised five agroclimatic zones (AZs) including seven locations. The bias corrected temperature and rainfall data from four models (CSIRO-Mk-3-6-0, FIO-ESM, IPSL-CM5A-MR and Ensemble) were used as input in CERES-Maize model which was run with constant management practices for two Punjab maize hybrids (PMH 1 and PMH 2). The maize yield for upcoming 70 years (2025-2095) was simulated and its deviations from the baseline (2010-2021) yield were computed under optimized sowing (early-May to early-July) and current sowing (end-May to end-June) period. RESULTS With current sowing dates, the maize yield declined under both RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5 scenarios, respectively in all the AZs, that is, by 4-23% and 60-80% in AZ II, by 5-60% and 60-90% in AZ III, by 9-30% and 50-90% in AZ IV and by 13-40% and 30-90% in AZ V. Though yield decline was lesser under RCP 2.6 as compared to RCP 8.5, but still it indicates that adaptive strategy such as shifting of sowing dates may be helpful in stabilizing the maize yield. CONCLUSION The results for iterative combinations of sowing period revealed that early June sowing in AZ II for both the hybrids, mid- to end-June (Ludhiana and Amritsar) and end-May to mid-June (Patiala) sowings for PMH 1 were able to nullify the negative impact of climate change. Maize cultivation in AZ IV and AZ V would not be a suitable venture for farmers of the region. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kothiyal
- Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Prabhjyot-Kaur
- Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sandeep Singh Sandhu
- Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Kaur
- Department of Climate Change and Agricultural Meteorology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
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Wang J, Yan R, Wu G, Liu Y, Wang M, Zeng N, Jiang F, Wang H, He W, Wu M, Ju W, Chen JM. Unprecedented decline in photosynthesis caused by summer 2022 record-breaking compound drought-heatwave over Yangtze River Basin. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:2160-2163. [PMID: 37598060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Ran Yan
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guoxiong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modelling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Meirong Wang
- Joint Center for Data Assimilation Research and Applications, Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ning Zeng
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science and Earth System Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park MD 20742, USA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hengmao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei He
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mousong Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Weimin Ju
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, International Institute for Earth System Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Key Laboratory for Land Satellite Remote Sensing Applications of Ministry of Natural Resources, School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jing M Chen
- Department of Geography and Planning, University of Toronto, Toronto ON M5S3G3, Canada
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Xu H, Yue C, Zhang Y, Liu D, Piao S. Forestation at the right time with the right species can generate persistent carbon benefits in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304988120. [PMID: 37782782 PMCID: PMC10576152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304988120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evaluations on the biophysical potential of forest carbon sink have focused on forestation area distribution and the associated carbon stock for equilibrium-state forests after centuries-long growth. These approaches, however, have limited relevance for climate policies because they ignore the near-term and mid-term decadal carbon uptake dynamics and suitable forest species for forestation. This study developed a forestation roadmap to support China's "carbon neutrality" objective in 2060 by addressing three key questions of forestation: where, with what forest species, and when to afforest. The results yielded a high-confidence potential forestation map for China at a resolution of 1 km with the identified optimal native forest type or species. Our analysis revealed an additional 78 Mha suitable for forestation up to the 2060s, a 43% increase on the current forest area. Selecting forest species for maximal carbon stock in addition to maximizing local environmental suitability enabled almost a doubling in forest carbon sink potential. Progressive forestation of this area can fix a considerable amount of CO2 and compensate for the carbon sink decline in existing forests. Altogether, the entire forest ecosystem can support a persistent biophysical carbon sink potential of 0.4 Pg C y-1 by 2060 and 0.2 Pg C y-1 by 2100, offsetting 7 to 14% of the current national fossil CO2 emissions. Our research provides an example of building a forestation roadmap toward a sustained forest carbon sink, which creates a critical time window for the emission cuts required by the goal of carbon neutrality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Chao Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Shaanxi712100, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100085, China
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41
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Huang M, Chen X, Degen AA, Guo R, Zhang T, Luo B, Li H, Zhao J, Shang Z. Nitrogen addition stimulated soil respiration more so than carbon addition in alpine meadows. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 233:116501. [PMID: 37356529 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) availability are important in the regulation of soil C cycling under climate change. Fertilizers alter soil C and N availability, which can affect C balance. However, the impact of fertilizers on C balance in grassland restoration has been equivocal and warrants more research. We determined the direct and indirect effects of the addition of three levels of C (sucrose) (0, 60, and 120 kg C ha-1 yr-1), three levels of N (urea) (0, 50, and 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1), and a combination of C plus N at each of the levels on soil respiration (Rs) dynamics and C balance in an alpine meadow in northern Tibet (4700 m above sea level). This study was undertaken during the middle of the growing season in 2011-2012. The addition of C and/or N stimulated CO2 emission, which was 2-fold greater in 2011 (102-144 g C m-2) than in 2012 (43-54 g C m-2). The rate of Rs increased with the addition of N, but was not affected with the addition of C plus N. Microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and inorganic N were the main drivers of Rs. We concluded that N addition stimulated Rs to a greater extent than C addition in the short term. The application of fertilizer in the restoration of degraded grassland should be re-considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Xiaopeng Chen
- College of Grassland Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, China
| | - A Allan Degen
- Desert Animal Adaptations and Husbandry, Wyler Department of Dryland Agriculture, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, 8410500, Israel
| | - Ruiying Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Binyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, China
| | - Jingxue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhanhuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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Liu Q, Peng C, Schneider R, Cyr D, Liu Z, Zhou X, Du M, Li P, Jiang Z, McDowell NG, Kneeshaw D. Vegetation browning: global drivers, impacts, and feedbacks. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 28:1014-1032. [PMID: 37087358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As global climate conditions continue to change, disturbance regimes and environmental drivers will continue to shift, impacting global vegetation dynamics. Following a period of vegetation greening, there has been a progressive increase in remotely sensed vegetation browning globally. Given the many societal benefits that forests provide, it is critical that we understand vegetation dynamic alterations. Here, we review associative drivers, impacts, and feedbacks, revealing the complexity of browning. Concomitant increases in browning include the weakening of ecosystem services and functions and alterations to vegetation structure and species composition, as well as the development of potential positive climate change feedbacks. Also discussed are the current challenges in browning detection and understanding associated impacts and feedbacks. Finally, we outline recommended strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Changhui Peng
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China.
| | - Robert Schneider
- University of Quebec at Rimouski (UQAR), Rimouski, Quebec, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Dominic Cyr
- Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 351 St-Joseph Blvd, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zelin Liu
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhou
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Mingxi Du
- School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Geographic Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China
| | - Zihan Jiang
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Nate G McDowell
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Lab, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA; School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, PO Box 644236, Pullman, WA 99164-4236, USA
| | - Daniel Kneeshaw
- Institute of Environment Sciences, Department of Biology Sciences, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada; Centre for Forest Research, University of Quebec at Montreal, Case Postale 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montreal, H3C 3P8, Canada
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43
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Wang M, Sun X, Cao B, Chiariello NR, Docherty KM, Field CB, Gao Q, Gutknecht JLM, Guo X, He G, Hungate BA, Lei J, Niboyet A, Le Roux X, Shi Z, Shu W, Yuan M, Zhou J, Yang Y. Long-term elevated precipitation induces grassland soil carbon loss via microbe-plant-soil interplay. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5429-5444. [PMID: 37317051 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Global climate models predict that the frequency and intensity of precipitation events will increase in many regions across the world. However, the biosphere-climate feedback to elevated precipitation (eP) remains elusive. Here, we report a study on one of the longest field experiments assessing the effects of eP, alone or in combination with other climate change drivers such as elevated CO2 (eCO2 ), warming and nitrogen deposition. Soil total carbon (C) decreased after a decade of eP treatment, while plant root production decreased after 2 years. To explain this asynchrony, we found that the relative abundances of fungal genes associated with chitin and protein degradation increased and were positively correlated with bacteriophage genes, suggesting a potential viral shunt in C degradation. In addition, eP increased the relative abundances of microbial stress tolerance genes, which are essential for coping with environmental stressors. Microbial responses to eP were phylogenetically conserved. The effects of eP on soil total C, root production, and microbes were interactively affected by eCO2 . Collectively, we demonstrate that long-term eP induces soil C loss, owing to changes in microbial community composition, functional traits, root production, and soil moisture. Our study unveils an important, previously unknown biosphere-climate feedback in Mediterranean-type water-limited ecosystems, namely how eP induces soil C loss via microbe-plant-soil interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Wang
- Institute of Ecological Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Baichuan Cao
- Institute of Ecological Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nona R Chiariello
- Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kathryn M Docherty
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher B Field
- Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qun Gao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jessica L M Gutknecht
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Xue Guo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Genhe He
- School of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environmental Pollution Prevention and Control in Red Soil Hilly Region of Jiangxi Province, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, China
| | - Bruce A Hungate
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jiesi Lei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Audrey Niboyet
- Institut d'Ecologie et des Sciences de l'Environnement de Paris, CNRS, INRAE, IRD, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, UPEC, Paris, France
- AgroParisTech, Palaiseau, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne, INRAE, CNRS, VetAgroSup, UMR INRAE 1418, UMR CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Université de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Zhou Shi
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wensheng Shu
- Institute of Ecological Science and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Yuan
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- Earth and Environmental Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
- School of Computer Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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44
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Shekhar A, Hörtnagl L, Buchmann N, Gharun M. Long-term changes in forest response to extreme atmospheric dryness. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:5379-5396. [PMID: 37381105 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric dryness, as indicated by vapor pressure deficit (VPD), has a strong influence on forest greenhouse gas exchange with the atmosphere. In this study, we used long-term (10-30 years) net ecosystem productivity (NEP) measurements from 60 forest sites across the world (1003 site-years) to quantify long-term changes in forest NEP resistance and NEP recovery in response to extreme atmospheric dryness. We tested two hypotheses: first, across sites differences in NEP resistance and NEP recovery of forests will depend on both the biophysical characteristics (i.e., leaf area index [LAI] and forest type) of the forest as well as on the local meteorological conditions of the site (i.e., mean VPD of the site), and second, forests experiencing an increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme dryness will show an increasing trend in NEP resistance and NEP recovery over time due to emergence of long-term ecological stress memory. We used a data-driven statistical learning approach to quantify NEP resistance and NEP recovery over multiple years. Our results showed that forest types, LAI, and median local VPD conditions explained over 50% of variance in both NEP resistance and NEP recovery, with drier sites showing higher NEP resistance and NEP recovery compared to sites with less atmospheric dryness. The impact of extreme atmospheric dryness events on NEP lasted for up to 3 days following most severe extreme events in most forests, indicated by an NEP recovery of less than 100%. We rejected our second hypothesis as we found no consistent relationship between trends of extreme VPD with trends in NEP resistance and NEP recovery across different forest sites, thus an increase in atmospheric dryness as it is predicted might not increase the resistance or recovery of forests in terms of NEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Shekhar
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Hörtnagl
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mana Gharun
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, Faculty of Geosciences, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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45
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Bernacchi CJ, Ruiz-Vera UM, Siebers MH, DeLucia NJ, Ort DR. Short- and long-term warming events on photosynthetic physiology, growth, and yields of field grown crops. Biochem J 2023; 480:999-1014. [PMID: 37418286 PMCID: PMC10422931 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Global temperatures are rising from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere associated with anthropogenic activities. Global warming includes a warmer shift in mean temperatures as well as increases in the probability of extreme heating events, termed heat waves. Despite the ability of plants to cope with temporal variations in temperature, global warming is increasingly presenting challenges to agroecosystems. The impact of warming on crop species has direct consequences on food security, therefore understanding impacts and opportunities to adapt crops to global warming necessitates experimentation that allows for modification of growth environments to represent global warming scenarios. Published studies addressing crop responses to warming are extensive, however, in-field studies where growth temperature is manipulated to mimic global warming are limited. Here, we provide an overview of in-field heating techniques employed to understand crop responses to warmer growth environments. We then focus on key results associated with season-long warming, as expected with rising global mean temperatures, and with heat waves, as a consequence of increasing temperature variability and rising global mean temperatures. We then discuss the role of rising temperatures on atmospheric water vapor pressure deficit and potential implications for crop photosynthesis and productivity. Finally, we review strategies by which crop photosynthetic processes might be optimized to adapt crops to the increasing temperatures and frequencies of heat waves. Key findings from this review are that higher temperatures consistently reduce photosynthesis and yields of crops even as atmospheric carbon dioxide increases, yet potential strategies to minimize losses from high-temperature exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl J. Bernacchi
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | | | - Matthew H. Siebers
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Nicholas J. DeLucia
- Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
| | - Donald R. Ort
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
- Carl R Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, U.S.A
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46
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Chen L, Keski-Saari S, Kontunen-Soppela S, Zhu X, Zhou X, Hänninen H, Pumpanen J, Mola-Yudego B, Wu D, Berninger F. Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3924-3940. [PMID: 37165918 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Forests are increasingly exposed to extreme global warming-induced climatic events. However, the immediate and carry-over effects of extreme events on forests are still poorly understood. Gross primary productivity (GPP) capacity is regarded as a good proxy of the ecosystem's functional stability, reflecting its physiological response to its surroundings. Using eddy covariance data from 34 forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere, we analyzed the immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost (LSF) and growing season drought on needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. Path analysis was applied to reveal the plausible reasons behind the varied responses of forests to extreme events. The results show that LSF had clear immediate effects on the GPP capacity of both needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. However, GPP capacity in needle-leaf forests was more sensitive to drought than in broadleaf forests. There was no interaction between LSF and drought in either needle-leaf or broadleaf forests. Drought effects were still visible when LSF and drought coexisted in needle-leaf forests. Path analysis further showed that the response of GPP capacity to drought differed between needle-leaf and broadleaf forests, mainly due to the difference in the sensitivity of canopy conductance. Moreover, LSF had a more severe and long-lasting carry-over effect on forests than drought. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of forest response to extreme events across forest types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sarita Keski-Saari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Sari Kontunen-Soppela
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xudan Zhu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Heikki Hänninen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jukka Pumpanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Blas Mola-Yudego
- School of Forest Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Frank Berninger
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Joensuu Campus, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
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47
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Feldman AF, Zhang Z, Yoshida Y, Gentine P, Chatterjee A, Entekhabi D, Joiner J, Poulter B. A multi-satellite framework to rapidly evaluate extreme biosphere cascades: The Western US 2021 drought and heatwave. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3634-3651. [PMID: 37070967 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The increasing frequency and intensity of climate extremes and complex ecosystem responses motivate the need for integrated observational studies at low latency to determine biosphere responses and carbon-climate feedbacks. Here, we develop a satellite-based rapid attribution workflow and demonstrate its use at a 1-2-month latency to attribute drivers of the carbon cycle feedbacks during the 2020-2021 Western US drought and heatwave. In the first half of 2021, concurrent negative photosynthesis anomalies and large positive column CO2 anomalies were detected with satellites. Using a simple atmospheric mass balance approach, we estimate a surface carbon efflux anomaly of 132 TgC in June 2021, a magnitude corroborated independently with a dynamic global vegetation model. Integrated satellite observations of hydrologic processes, representing the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC), show that these surface carbon flux anomalies are largely due to substantial reductions in photosynthesis because of a spatially widespread moisture-deficit propagation through the SPAC between 2020 and 2021. A causal model indicates deep soil moisture stores partially drove photosynthesis, maintaining its values in 2020 and driving its declines throughout 2021. The causal model also suggests legacy effects may have amplified photosynthesis deficits in 2021 beyond the direct effects of environmental forcing. The integrated, observation framework presented here provides a valuable first assessment of a biosphere extreme response and an independent testbed for improving drought propagation and mechanisms in models. The rapid identification of extreme carbon anomalies and hotspots can also aid mitigation and adaptation decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew F Feldman
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Yasuko Yoshida
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc. (SSAI), Lanham, Maryland, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Dara Entekhabi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna Joiner
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Benjamin Poulter
- Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
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48
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Beillouin D, Corbeels M, Demenois J, Berre D, Boyer A, Fallot A, Feder F, Cardinael R. A global meta-analysis of soil organic carbon in the Anthropocene. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3700. [PMID: 37349294 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39338-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities profoundly impact soil organic carbon (SOC), affecting its contribution to ecosystem services such as climate regulation. Here, we conducted a thorough review of the impacts of land-use change, land management, and climate change on SOC. Using second-order meta-analysis, we synthesized findings from 230 first-order meta-analyses comprising over 25,000 primary studies. We show that (i) land conversion for crop production leads to high SOC loss, that can be partially restored through land management practices, particularly by introducing trees and incorporating exogenous carbon in the form of biochar or organic amendments, (ii) land management practices that are implemented in forests generally result in depletion of SOC, and (iii) indirect effects of climate change, such as through wildfires, have a greater impact on SOC than direct climate change effects (e.g., from rising temperatures). The findings of our study provide strong evidence to assist decision-makers in safeguarding SOC stocks and promoting land management practices for SOC restoration. Furthermore, they serve as a crucial research roadmap, identifying areas that require attention to fill the knowledge gaps concerning the factors driving changes in SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Beillouin
- CIRAD, UPR HortSys, Montpellier, France.
- HortSys, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France.
| | - Marc Corbeels
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- IITA, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Julien Demenois
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Turrialba, Costa Rica
- CATIE, Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Turrialba, Costa Rica
| | - David Berre
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- CIRDES, USPAE, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Abigail Fallot
- CIRAD, UMR SENS, Montpellier, France
- SENS, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Feder
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et Risque, Montpellier, France
- Recyclage et Risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Rémi Cardinael
- AIDA, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR AIDA, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Department of Plant Production Sciences and Technologies, University of Zimbabwe, Harare, Zimbabwe
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49
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Andrews HM, Krichels AH, Homyak PM, Piper S, Aronson EL, Botthoff J, Greene AC, Jenerette GD. Wetting-induced soil CO 2 emission pulses are driven by interactions among soil temperature, carbon, and nitrogen limitation in the Colorado Desert. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3205-3220. [PMID: 36907979 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Warming-induced changes in precipitation regimes, coupled with anthropogenically enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition, are likely to increase the prevalence, duration, and magnitude of soil respiration pulses following wetting via interactions among temperature and carbon (C) and N availability. Quantifying the importance of these interactive controls on soil respiration is a key challenge as pulses can be large terrestrial sources of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) over comparatively short timescales. Using an automated sensor system, we measured soil CO2 flux dynamics in the Colorado Desert-a system characterized by pronounced transitions from dry-to-wet soil conditions-through a multi-year series of experimental wetting campaigns. Experimental manipulations included combinations of C and N additions across a range of ambient temperatures and across five sites varying in atmospheric N deposition. We found soil CO2 pulses following wetting were highly predictable from peak instantaneous CO2 flux measurements. CO2 pulses consistently increased with temperature, and temperature at time of wetting positively correlated to CO2 pulse magnitude. Experimentally adding N along the N deposition gradient generated contrasting pulse responses: adding N increased CO2 pulses in low N deposition sites, whereas adding N decreased CO2 pulses in high N deposition sites. At a low N deposition site, simultaneous additions of C and N during wetting led to the highest observed soil CO2 fluxes reported globally at 299.5 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1 . Our results suggest that soils have the capacity to emit high amounts of CO2 within small timeframes following infrequent wetting, and pulse sizes reflect a non-linear combination of soil resource and temperature interactions. Importantly, the largest soil CO2 emissions occurred when multiple resources were amended simultaneously in historically resource-limited desert soils, pointing to regions experiencing simultaneous effects of desertification and urbanization as key locations in future global C balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly M Andrews
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Alexander H Krichels
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Peter M Homyak
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Stephanie Piper
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Emma L Aronson
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Jon Botthoff
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - Aral C Greene
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
| | - G Darrel Jenerette
- Center for Conservation Biology, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California, USA
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50
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Fu J, Jian Y, Wang X, Li L, Ciais P, Zscheischler J, Wang Y, Tang Y, Müller C, Webber H, Yang B, Wu Y, Wang Q, Cui X, Huang W, Liu Y, Zhao P, Piao S, Zhou F. Extreme rainfall reduces one-twelfth of China's rice yield over the last two decades. NATURE FOOD 2023; 4:416-426. [PMID: 37142747 DOI: 10.1038/s43016-023-00753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Extreme climate events constitute a major risk to global food production. Among these, extreme rainfall is often dismissed from historical analyses and future projections, the impacts and mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. Here we used long-term nationwide observations and multi-level rainfall manipulative experiments to explore the magnitude and mechanisms of extreme rainfall impacts on rice yield in China. We find that rice yield reductions due to extreme rainfall were comparable to those induced by extreme heat over the last two decades, reaching 7.6 ± 0.9% (one standard error) according to nationwide observations and 8.1 ± 1.1% according to the crop model incorporating the mechanisms revealed from manipulative experiments. Extreme rainfall reduces rice yield mainly by limiting nitrogen availability for tillering that lowers per-area effective panicles and by exerting physical disturbance on pollination that declines per-panicle filled grains. Considering these mechanisms, we projected ~8% additional yield reduction due to extreme rainfall under warmer climate by the end of the century. These findings demonstrate that it is critical to account for extreme rainfall in food security assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Fu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiwei Jian
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Laurent Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE, Gif sur Yvette, France
- Climate and Atmosphere Research Center (CARE-C), The Cyprus Institute, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jakob Zscheischler
- Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yin Wang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Institute of Ecology, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Christoph Müller
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Heidi Webber
- Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Müncheberg, Germany
| | - Bo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Cui
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weichen Huang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Pengjun Zhao
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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