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Kong C, Yang M, Yue N, Zhang Y, Tian C, Wei D, Shi R, Yao J, Wang L, Li D. Restore Intestinal Barrier Integrity: An Approach for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5389-5413. [PMID: 39161679 PMCID: PMC11330754 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s470520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The intestinal barrier maintained by various types of columnar epithelial cells, plays a crucial role in regulating the interactions between the intestinal contents (such as the intestinal microbiota), the immune system, and other components. Dysfunction of the intestinal mucosa is a significant pathophysiological mechanism and clinical manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, current therapies for IBD primarily focus on suppressing inflammation, and no disease-modifying treatments specifically target the epithelial barrier. Given the side effects associated with chronic immunotherapy, effective alternative therapies that promote mucosal healing are highly attractive. In this review, we examined the function of intestinal epithelial barrier function and the mechanisms of behind its disruption in IBD. We illustrated the complex process of intestinal mucosal healing and proposed therapeutic approaches to promote mucosal healing strategies in IBD. These included the application of stem cell transplantation and organ-like tissue engineering approaches to generate new intestinal tissue. Finally, we discussed potential strategies to restore the function of the intestinal barrier as a treatment for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Kong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meifeng Yang
- Department of Hematology, Yantian District People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ningning Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Medical Administration, Huizhou Institute of Occupational Diseases Control and Prevention, Huizhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengmei Tian
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daoru Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shenzhen People’s Hospital (the Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; the First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiyue Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Yao
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Defeng Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; Shenzhen, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Duplaquet L, So K, Ying AW, Pal Choudhuri S, Li X, Xu GD, Li Y, Qiu X, Li R, Singh S, Wu XS, Hamilton S, Chien VD, Liu Q, Qi J, Somerville TDD, Heiling HM, Mazzola E, Lee Y, Zoller T, Vakoc CR, Doench JG, Forrester WC, Abrams T, Long HW, Niederst MJ, Drapkin BJ, Kadoch C, Oser MG. Mammalian SWI/SNF complex activity regulates POU2F3 and constitutes a targetable dependency in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Cell 2024; 42:1352-1369.e13. [PMID: 39029464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancers (SCLCs) are composed of heterogeneous subtypes marked by lineage-specific transcription factors, including ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3. POU2F3-positive SCLCs, ∼12% of all cases, are uniquely dependent on POU2F3 itself; as such, approaches to attenuate POU2F3 expression may represent new therapeutic opportunities. Here using genome-scale screens for regulators of POU2F3 expression and SCLC proliferation, we define mSWI/SNF complexes as top dependencies specific to POU2F3-positive SCLC. Notably, chemical disruption of mSWI/SNF ATPase activity attenuates proliferation of all POU2F3-positive SCLCs, while disruption of non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) via BRD9 degradation is effective in pure non-neuroendocrine POU2F3-SCLCs. mSWI/SNF targets to and maintains accessibility over gene loci central to POU2F3-mediated gene regulatory networks. Finally, clinical-grade pharmacologic disruption of SMARCA4/2 ATPases and BRD9 decreases POU2F3-SCLC tumor growth and increases survival in vivo. These results demonstrate mSWI/SNF-mediated governance of the POU2F3 oncogenic program and suggest mSWI/SNF inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for POU2F3-positive SCLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Duplaquet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kevin So
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Biological and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexander W Ying
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Shreoshi Pal Choudhuri
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xinyue Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Grace D Xu
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yixiang Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xintao Qiu
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rong Li
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shilpa Singh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xiaoli S Wu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - Seth Hamilton
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Victor D Chien
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Hillary M Heiling
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Emanuele Mazzola
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Yenarae Lee
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Thomas Zoller
- Novartis BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | | | - John G Doench
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Tinya Abrams
- Novartis BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Henry W Long
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Benjamin J Drapkin
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Internal Medicine and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cigall Kadoch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
| | - Matthew G Oser
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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3
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Bildstein T, Charbit-Henrion F, Azabdaftari A, Cerf-Bensussan N, Uhlig HH. Cellular and molecular basis of proximal small intestine disorders. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00962-9. [PMID: 39117867 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
The proximal part of the small intestine, including duodenum and jejunum, is not only dedicated to nutrient digestion and absorption but is also a highly regulated immune site exposed to environmental factors. Host-protective responses against pathogens and tolerance to food antigens are essential functions in the small intestine. The cellular ecology and molecular pathways to maintain those functions are complex. Maladaptation is highlighted by common immune-mediated diseases such as coeliac disease, environmental enteric dysfunction or duodenal Crohn's disease. An expanding spectrum of more than 100 rare monogenic disorders inform on causative molecular mechanisms of nutrient absorption, epithelial homeostasis and barrier function, as well as inflammatory immune responses and immune regulation. Here, after summarizing the architectural and cellular traits that underlie the functions of the proximal intestine, we discuss how the integration of tissue immunopathology and molecular mechanisms can contribute towards our understanding of disease and guide diagnosis. We propose an integrated mechanism-based taxonomy and discuss the latest experimental approaches to gain new mechanistic insight into these disorders with large disease burden worldwide as well as implications for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bildstein
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, London, UK
| | - Fabienne Charbit-Henrion
- Department of Genomic Medicine for Rare Diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- INSERM UMR1163, Intestinal Immunity, Institut Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Aline Azabdaftari
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Holm H Uhlig
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK.
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4
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Perniss A, Bankova LG. Weep and sweep and the broom: tuft cell acetylcholine limits the worm. Trends Parasitol 2024; 40:664-666. [PMID: 38955655 PMCID: PMC11309886 DOI: 10.1016/j.pt.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Two studies defined how tuft cell acetylcholine promotes parasite expulsion. Billip et al. demonstrated that acetylcholine increases water secretion, to promote the 'weep' response. Ndjim et al. found that tuft cell acetylcholine has a direct effect on worm fecundity. Both processes are only effective in the remodeled epithelium when the rare tuft cells have become abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Perniss
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lora G Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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5
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Schemczssen-Graeff Z, Silva CR, de Freitas PNN, Constantin PP, Pileggi SAV, Olchanheski LR, Pileggi M. Probiotics as a strategy for addressing helminth infections in low-income countries: Working smarter rather than richer. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116363. [PMID: 38871336 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Helminth infections, which affect approximately 1.5 billion individuals worldwide (mainly children), are common in low- and middle-income tropical countries and can lead to various diseases. One crucial factor affecting the occurrence of these diseases is the reduced diversity of the gut microbiome due to antibiotic use. This reduced diversity compromises immune health in hosts and alters host gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms. Helminth infections may produce complex biochemical signatures that could serve as therapeutic targets. Such therapies include next-generation probiotics, live biotherapeutic products, and biochemical drug approaches. Probiotics can bind ferric hydroxide, reducing the iron that is available to opportunistic microorganisms. They also produce short-chain fatty acids associated with immune response modulation, oral tolerance facilitation, and inflammation reduction. In this review, we examine the potential link between these effects and epigenetic changes in immune response-related genes by analyzing methyltransferase-related genes within probiotic strains discussed in the literature. The identified genes were only correlated with methylation in bacterial genes. Various metabolic interactions among hosts, helminth parasites, and intestinal microbiomes can impact the immune system, potentially aiding or hindering worm expulsion through chemical signaling. Implementing a comprehensive strategy using probiotics may reduce the impact of drug-resistant helminth strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelinda Schemczssen-Graeff
- Comparative Immunology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Caroline Rosa Silva
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | | | - Paola Pereira Constantin
- Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cell Biology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Brazil
| | - Sônia Alvim Veiga Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Luiz Ricardo Olchanheski
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Pileggi
- Environmental Microbiology Laboratory, Life Sciences and Health Institute, Structural and Molecular Biology, and Genetics Department, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
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6
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Wathieu C, Lavergne A, Xu X, Rolot M, Nemazanyy I, Shostak K, El Hachem N, Maurizy C, Leemans C, Close P, Nguyen L, Desmet C, Tielens S, Dewals BG, Chariot A. Loss of Elp3 blocks intestinal tuft cell differentiation via an mTORC1-Atf4 axis. EMBO J 2024:10.1038/s44318-024-00184-4. [PMID: 39085648 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00184-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells are critical for anti-helminth parasite immunity because they produce IL-25, which triggers IL-13 secretion by activated group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to expand both goblet and tuft cells. We show that epithelial Elp3, a tRNA-modifying enzyme, promotes tuft cell differentiation and is consequently critical for IL-25 production, ILC2 activation, goblet cell expansion and control of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis helminth infection in mice. Elp3 is essential for the generation of intestinal immature tuft cells and for the IL-13-dependent induction of glycolytic enzymes such as Hexokinase 1 and Aldolase A. Importantly, loss of epithelial Elp3 in the intestine blocks the codon-dependent translation of the Gator1 subunit Nprl2, an mTORC1 inhibitor, which consequently enhances mTORC1 activation and stabilizes Atf4 in progenitor cells. Likewise, Atf4 overexpression in mouse intestinal epithelium blocks tuft cell differentiation in response to intestinal helminth infection. Collectively, our data define Atf4 as a negative regulator of tuft cells and provide insights into promotion of intestinal type 2 immune response to parasites through tRNA modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Wathieu
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Xinyi Xu
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marion Rolot
- Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Ivan Nemazanyy
- Platform for Metabolic Analyses, Structure Fédérative de Recherche Necker, INSERM US24/CNRS UMS 3633, Paris, France
| | - Kateryna Shostak
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Najla El Hachem
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Chloé Maurizy
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Leemans
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre Close
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Signaling, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Laurent Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Regulation of Neurogenesis, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Christophe Desmet
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, University of Liege, Liege, GIGA-I3, Belgium
| | - Sylvia Tielens
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Benjamin G Dewals
- Laboratory of Immunology-Vaccinology, Fundamental and Applied Research in Animals and Health (FARAH), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Chariot
- Interdisciplinary Cluster for Applied Genoproteomics, Liege, Belgium.
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, GIGA, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.
- WELBIO department, WEL Research Institute, avenue Pasteur, 6, 1300, Wavre, Belgium.
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7
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Salisbury SJ, Daniels RR, Monaghan SJ, Bron JE, Villamayor PR, Gervais O, Fast MD, Sveen L, Houston RD, Robinson N, Robledo D. Keratinocytes drive the epithelial hyperplasia key to sea lice resistance in coho salmon. BMC Biol 2024; 22:160. [PMID: 39075472 PMCID: PMC11287951 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01952-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonid species have followed markedly divergent evolutionary trajectories in their interactions with sea lice. While sea lice parasitism poses significant economic, environmental, and animal welfare challenges for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) aquaculture, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) exhibit near-complete resistance to sea lice, achieved through a potent epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid louse detachment. The molecular mechanisms underlying these divergent responses to sea lice are unknown. RESULTS We characterized the cellular and molecular responses of Atlantic salmon and coho salmon to sea lice using single-nuclei RNA sequencing. Juvenile fish were exposed to copepodid sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis), and lice-attached pelvic fin and skin samples were collected 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, and 60 h after exposure, along with control samples. Comparative analysis of control and treatment samples revealed an immune and wound-healing response that was common to both species, but attenuated in Atlantic salmon, potentially reflecting greater sea louse immunomodulation. Our results revealed unique but complementary roles of three layers of keratinocytes in the epithelial hyperplasia response leading to rapid sea lice rejection in coho salmon. Our results suggest that basal keratinocytes direct the expansion and mobility of intermediate and, especially, superficial keratinocytes, which eventually encapsulate the parasite. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the key role of keratinocytes in coho salmon's sea lice resistance and the diverged biological response of the two salmonid host species when interacting with this parasite. This study has identified key pathways and candidate genes that could be manipulated using various biotechnological solutions to improve Atlantic salmon sea lice resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Salisbury
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - R Ruiz Daniels
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S J Monaghan
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - J E Bron
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - P R Villamayor
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Genetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - O Gervais
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M D Fast
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Canada
| | | | - R D Houston
- Benchmark Genetics, 1 Pioneer BuildingMilton Bridge, Edinburgh TechnopolePenicuik, UK
| | - N Robinson
- Nofima AS, Tromsø, Norway.
- Sustainable Aquaculture Laboratory - Temperate and Tropical (SALTT), Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, 3225, Australia.
| | - D Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
- Department of Genetics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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8
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Moerkens R, Mooiweer J, Ramírez-Sánchez AD, Oelen R, Franke L, Wijmenga C, Barrett RJ, Jonkers IH, Withoff S. An iPSC-derived small intestine-on-chip with self-organizing epithelial, mesenchymal, and neural cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114247. [PMID: 38907996 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived intestinal organoids are valuable tools for researching developmental biology and personalized therapies, but their closed topology and relative immature state limit applications. Here, we use organ-on-chip technology to develop a hiPSC-derived intestinal barrier with apical and basolateral access in a more physiological in vitro microenvironment. To replicate growth factor gradients along the crypt-villus axis, we locally expose the cells to expansion and differentiation media. In these conditions, intestinal epithelial cells self-organize into villus-like folds with physiological barrier integrity, and myofibroblasts and neurons emerge and form a subepithelial tissue in the bottom channel. The growth factor gradients efficiently balance dividing and mature cell types and induce an intestinal epithelial composition, including absorptive and secretory lineages, resembling the composition of the human small intestine. This well-characterized hiPSC-derived intestine-on-chip system can facilitate personalized studies on physiological processes and therapy development in the human small intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Moerkens
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joram Mooiweer
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aarón D Ramírez-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Oelen
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, 3521 AL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J Barrett
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel Disease Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Iris H Jonkers
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Sebo Withoff
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, the Netherlands.
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9
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Song M, Zhang C, Yang S, Lu J, Sun T, Li H, Tang L, Dai K, Liu C, Meng H, Wang J. Animal healer for refractory diseases: Myth or reality? Heliyon 2024; 10:e33056. [PMID: 39027544 PMCID: PMC11255451 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
A vast amount of knowledge has been acquired through human activities such as farming, hunting, and fishing. Throughout history, humans have utilized living creatures for disease treatment, relying on the natural world's healing powers. The special "healers" may be able to treat patients via the power of nature. However, there was no systematic introduction or summary of these treatments. Therefore, we conducted a literature review based on PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI and WanFang DATA. Here, we defined this unique method as "animal healer" and six common kinds of animal healers were reviewed. These are fish therapy, pet therapy, worm therapy, leech therapy, maggot therapy, and bee therapy. According to the different characteristics of healers, treatment methods mainly included bite, parasitism, contact and communication. With the advantages of green and effectiveness, animal healers have great therapy potential against a variety of refractory diseases. The main purpose of this review is to draw people's attention to animal healer, promote it to become a possible clinical treatment strategy, and make further exploration in species cultivation, mechanism research, animal welfare, standard setting, safety evaluation and other aspects. In the future, animal healers will play an increasingly important role in medicine and hopefully solve more medical problems and dilemmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhi Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changru Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Simengge Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialin Lu
- College of Humanities and Social Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Tianze Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Heyue Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Tang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kerong Dai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chaozong Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedic & Musculoskeletal Science, University College London, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - He Meng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinwu Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Southwest Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Chengdu, China
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10
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Rajeev S, Li S, Leon-Coria A, Wang A, Kraemer L, Wang SJ, Boim A, Flannigan K, Shute A, Baggio CH, Callejas BE, MacNaughton WK, Finney CAM, McKay DM. Enteric tuft cells coordinate timely expulsion of the tapeworm Hymenolepis diminuta from the murine host by coordinating local but not systemic immunity. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012381. [PMID: 39083533 PMCID: PMC11290655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recognizing that enteric tuft cells can signal the presence of nematode parasites, we investigated whether tuft cells are required for the expulsion of the cestode, Hymenolepis diminuta, from the non-permissive mouse host, and in concomitant anti-helminthic responses. BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice infected with H. diminuta expelled the worms by 11 days post-infection (dpi) and displayed DCLK1+ (doublecortin-like kinase 1) tuft cell hyperplasia in the small intestine (not the colon) at 11 dpi. This tuft cell hyperplasia was dependent on IL-4Rα signalling and adaptive immunity, but not the microbiota. Expulsion of H. diminuta was slowed until at least 14 dpi, but not negated, in tuft cell-deficient Pou2f3-/- mice and was accompanied by delayed goblet cell hyperplasia and slowed small bowel transit. Worm antigen and mitogen evoked production of IL-4 and IL-10 by splenocytes from wild-type and Pou2f3-/- mice was not appreciably different, suggesting similar systemic immune reactivity to infection with H. diminuta. Wild-type and Pou2f3-/- mice infected with H. diminuta displayed partial protection against subsequent infection with the nematode Heligmosomoides bakeri. We speculate that, with respect to H. diminuta, enteric tuft cells are important for local immune events driving the rapidity of H. diminuta expulsion but are not critical in initiating or sustaining systemic Th2 responses that provide concomitant immunity against secondary infection with H. bakeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Rajeev
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - ShuHua Li
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aralia Leon-Coria
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arthur Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lucas Kraemer
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Susan Joanne Wang
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annaliese Boim
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kyle Flannigan
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Adam Shute
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cristiane H. Baggio
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Blanca E. Callejas
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K. MacNaughton
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Constance A. M. Finney
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Derek M. McKay
- Gastrointestinal Research Group and Inflammation Research Network, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Calvin, Phoebe and Joan Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Host-Parasite Interactions Program, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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11
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Mao H, Liu Y, Lv Q, Li C, Yang Y, Wu F, Xu N, Jin X. The effect of β-Glucan induced intestinal trained immunity against Trichinella spiralis infection. Vet Parasitol 2024:110238. [PMID: 38944590 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2024.110238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Parasitic helminth Trichinella spiralis (Ts) induce mixed Th1/Th2 response with predominant type 2 immune responses, with protective immunity mediated by interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13. β-Glucan (BG) has been shown to have the ability to induce trained immunity, confers non-specific protection from secondary infections. However, whether BG-induced trained immunity played a role in protective type 2 immunity against Ts infection is unclear. In this study, BG was administered five days before Ts infection to induce trained immunity. Our findings demonstrate that BG pretreatment effectively reduced the number of T. spiralis adults and muscle larvae, whereas inhibition of trained immunity abolished the effect of BG. Additionally, we observed a significant increase in goblet cells and mucus production as evidenced by Alcian blue periodic acid-Schiff staining. Furthermore, quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed a significant upregulation of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 expression in response to BG. Conversely, the inhibitor of trained immunity reversed these effects, suggesting that BG-induced trained immunity confers strong protection against Ts infection. In conclusion, these findings suggest that BG-induced trained immunity may play a role in protection against infections caused by other helminths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhai Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingbo Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengyao Li
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaming Yang
- Department of Helminth, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, China
| | - Fangwei Wu
- Department of Helminth, Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Puer, China
| | - Ning Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Xuemin Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, and College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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12
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Davis KL, Claudio-Etienne E, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA. Atopic dermatitis and food allergy: More than sensitization. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00059-X. [PMID: 38906220 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
The increased risk of food allergy in infants with atopic dermatitis (AD) has long been recognized; an epidemiologic phenomenon termed "the atopic march." Current literature supports the hypothesis that food antigen exposure through the disrupted skin barrier in AD leads to food antigen-specific immunoglobulin E production and food sensitization. However, there is growing evidence that inflammation in the skin drives intestinal remodeling via circulating inflammatory signals, microbiome alterations, metabolites, and the nervous system. We explore how this skin-gut axis helps to explain the link between AD and food allergy beyond sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelin L Davis
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Comparative Biomedical Scientist Training Program, The Molecular Pathology Unit, Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, The National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Comparative Pathobiology Department, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Estefania Claudio-Etienne
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela A Frischmeyer-Guerrerio
- Food Allergy Research Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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13
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Ndjim M, Gasmi I, Herbert F, Joséphine C, Bas J, Lamrani A, Coutry N, Henry S, Zimmermann VS, Dardalhon V, Campillo Poveda M, Turtoi E, Thirard S, Forichon L, Giordano A, Ciancia C, Homayed Z, Pannequin J, Britton C, Devaney E, McNeilly TN, Berrard S, Turtoi A, Maizels RM, Gerbe F, Jay P. Tuft cell acetylcholine is released into the gut lumen to promote anti-helminth immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:1260-1273.e7. [PMID: 38744292 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Upon parasitic helminth infection, activated intestinal tuft cells secrete interleukin-25 (IL-25), which initiates a type 2 immune response during which lamina propria type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) produce IL-13. This causes epithelial remodeling, including tuft cell hyperplasia, the function of which is unknown. We identified a cholinergic effector function of tuft cells, which are the only epithelial cells that expressed choline acetyltransferase (ChAT). During parasite infection, mice with epithelial-specific deletion of ChAT had increased worm burden, fitness, and fecal egg counts, even though type 2 immune responses were comparable. Mechanistically, IL-13-amplified tuft cells release acetylcholine (ACh) into the gut lumen. Finally, we demonstrated a direct effect of ACh on worms, which reduced their fecundity via helminth-expressed muscarinic ACh receptors. Thus, tuft cells are sentinels in naive mice, and their amplification upon helminth infection provides an additional type 2 immune response effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marième Ndjim
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Charlène Joséphine
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Bas
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Ali Lamrani
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Nathalie Coutry
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Henry
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics (PLATON), Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie S Zimmermann
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Valérie Dardalhon
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Marta Campillo Poveda
- Centre for Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Evgenia Turtoi
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics (PLATON), Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Steeve Thirard
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Luc Forichon
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Alicia Giordano
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Claire Ciancia
- Centre for Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - Zeinab Homayed
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Pannequin
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Collette Britton
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eileen Devaney
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Tom N McNeilly
- Disease Control Department, Moredun Research Institute, Penicuik, UK
| | - Sylvie Berrard
- University Paris Cité, Inserm, NeuroDiderot, Paris, France
| | - Andrei Turtoi
- Montpellier Alliance for Metabolomics and Metabolism Analysis, Platform for Translational Oncometabolomics (PLATON), Biocampus, CNRS, INSERM, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Cancer Research Institute of Montpellier (IRCM), University of Montpellier, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Rick M Maizels
- Centre for Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK
| | - François Gerbe
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France.
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14
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Billipp TE, Fung C, Webeck LM, Sargent DB, Gologorsky MB, Chen Z, McDaniel MM, Kasal DN, McGinty JW, Barrow KA, Rich LM, Barilli A, Sabat M, Debley JS, Wu C, Myers R, Howitt MR, von Moltke J. Tuft cell-derived acetylcholine promotes epithelial chloride secretion and intestinal helminth clearance. Immunity 2024; 57:1243-1259.e8. [PMID: 38744291 PMCID: PMC11168877 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Epithelial cells secrete chloride to regulate water release at mucosal barriers, supporting both homeostatic hydration and the "weep" response that is critical for type 2 immune defense against parasitic worms (helminths). Epithelial tuft cells in the small intestine sense helminths and release cytokines and lipids to activate type 2 immune cells, but whether they regulate epithelial secretion is unknown. Here, we found that tuft cell activation rapidly induced epithelial chloride secretion in the small intestine. This response required tuft cell sensory functions and tuft cell-derived acetylcholine (ACh), which acted directly on neighboring epithelial cells to stimulate chloride secretion, independent of neurons. Maximal tuft cell-induced chloride secretion coincided with immune restriction of helminths, and clearance was delayed in mice lacking tuft cell-derived ACh, despite normal type 2 inflammation. Thus, we have uncovered an epithelium-intrinsic response unit that uses ACh to couple tuft cell sensing to the secretory defenses of neighboring epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler E Billipp
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Connie Fung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lily M Webeck
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Derek B Sargent
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matthew B Gologorsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zuojia Chen
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret M McDaniel
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Darshan N Kasal
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John W McGinty
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kaitlyn A Barrow
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lucille M Rich
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Mark Sabat
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jason S Debley
- Center for Respiratory Biology and Therapeutics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Chuan Wu
- Experimental Immunology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Michael R Howitt
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jakob von Moltke
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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15
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Sipos F, Műzes G. Colonic Tuft Cells: The Less-Recognized Therapeutic Targets in Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6209. [PMID: 38892399 PMCID: PMC11172904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are more than guardian chemosensory elements of the digestive tract. They produce a variety of immunological effector molecules in response to stimulation; moreover, they are essential for defense against protozoa and nematodes. Beyond the description of their characteristics, this review aims to elucidate the potential pathogenic and therapeutic roles of colonic tuft cells in inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, focusing on their primarily immunomodulatory action. Regarding inflammatory bowel disease, tuft cells are implicated in both maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier and in tissue repair and regeneration processes. In addition to maintaining intestinal homeostasis, they display complex immune-regulatory functions. During the development of colorectal cancer, tuft cells can promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, alter the gastrointestinal microenvironment, and modulate both the anti-tumor immune response and the tumor microenvironment. A wide variety of their biological functions can be targeted for anti-inflammatory or anti-tumor therapies; however, the adverse side effects of immunomodulatory actions must be strictly considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- Immunology Division, Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, 1088 Budapest, Hungary
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16
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Li YH, Yang YS, Xue YB, Lei H, Zhang SS, Qian J, Yao Y, Zhou R, Huang L. G protein subunit G γ13-mediated signaling pathway is critical to the inflammation resolution and functional recovery of severely injured lungs. eLife 2024; 12:RP92956. [PMID: 38836551 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuft cells are a group of rare epithelial cells that can detect pathogenic microbes and parasites. Many of these cells express signaling proteins initially found in taste buds. It is, however, not well understood how these taste signaling proteins contribute to the response to the invading pathogens or to the recovery of injured tissues. In this study, we conditionally nullified the signaling G protein subunit Gγ13 and found that the number of ectopic tuft cells in the injured lung was reduced following the infection of the influenza virus H1N1. Furthermore, the infected mutant mice exhibited significantly larger areas of lung injury, increased macrophage infiltration, severer pulmonary epithelial leakage, augmented pyroptosis and cell death, greater bodyweight loss, slower recovery, worsened fibrosis and increased fatality. Our data demonstrate that the Gγ13-mediated signal transduction pathway is critical to tuft cells-mediated inflammation resolution and functional repair of the damaged lungs.To our best knowledge, it is the first report indicating subtype-specific contributions of tuft cells to the resolution and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Sen Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Bo Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Lei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai-Sai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbin Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Therapy for Major Gynecological Diseases, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Genetics, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushi Yao
- Institute of Immunology and Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruhong Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Liquan Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study, Shanghai, Shanghai, China
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, United States
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17
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McKay DM, Defaye M, Rajeev S, MacNaughton WK, Nasser Y, Sharkey KA. Neuroimmunophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G712-G725. [PMID: 38626403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00075.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Gut physiology is the epicenter of a web of internal communication systems (i.e., neural, immune, hormonal) mediated by cell-cell contacts, soluble factors, and external influences, such as the microbiome, diet, and the physical environment. Together these provide the signals that shape enteric homeostasis and, when they go awry, lead to disease. Faced with the seemingly paradoxical tasks of nutrient uptake (digestion) and retarding pathogen invasion (host defense), the gut integrates interactions between a variety of cells and signaling molecules to keep the host nourished and protected from pathogens. When the system fails, the outcome can be acute or chronic disease, often labeled as "idiopathic" in nature (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease). Here we underscore the importance of a holistic approach to gut physiology, placing an emphasis on intercellular connectedness, using enteric neuroimmunophysiology as the paradigm. The goal of this opinion piece is to acknowledge the pace of change brought to our field via single-cell and -omic methodologies and other techniques such as cell lineage tracing, transgenic animal models, methods for culturing patient tissue, and advanced imaging. We identify gaps in the field and hope to inspire and challenge colleagues to take up the mantle and advance awareness of the subtleties, intricacies, and nuances of intestinal physiology in health and disease by defining communication pathways between gut resident cells, those recruited from the circulation, and "external" influences such as the central nervous system and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M McKay
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sruthi Rajeev
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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18
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Emanuel E, Arifuzzaman M, Artis D. Epithelial-neuronal-immune cell interactions: Implications for immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis at mucosal sites. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:1169-1180. [PMID: 38369030 PMCID: PMC11070312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
The epithelial lining of the respiratory tract and intestine provides a critical physical barrier to protect host tissues against environmental insults, including dietary antigens, allergens, chemicals, and microorganisms. In addition, specialized epithelial cells communicate directly with hematopoietic and neuronal cells. These epithelial-immune and epithelial-neuronal interactions control host immune responses and have important implications for inflammatory conditions associated with defects in the epithelial barrier, including asthma, allergy, and inflammatory bowel diseases. In this review, we discuss emerging research that identifies the mechanisms and impact of epithelial-immune and epithelial-neuronal cross talk in regulating immunity, inflammation, and tissue homeostasis at mucosal barrier surfaces. Understanding the regulation and impact of these pathways could provide new therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases at mucosal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Emanuel
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Mohammad Arifuzzaman
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY; Allen Discovery Center for Neuroimmune Interactions, New York, NY; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY.
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19
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Aggarwal S, Walker FC, Weagley JS, McCune BT, Wu X, Schriefer LA, Makimaa H, Lawrence D, Sridhar P, Baldridge MT. Interferons and tuft cell numbers are bottlenecks for persistent murine norovirus infection. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1011961. [PMID: 38701091 PMCID: PMC11095769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis. Despite global clinical relevance, our understanding of how host factors, such as antiviral cytokines interferons (IFNs), modulate NoV population dynamics is limited. Murine NoV (MNoV) is a tractable in vivo model for the study of host regulation of NoV. A persistent strain of MNoV, CR6, establishes a reservoir in intestinal tuft cells for chronic viral shedding in stool. However, the influence of host innate immunity and permissive cell numbers on viral population dynamics is an open question. We generated a pool of 20 different barcoded viruses (CR6BC) by inserting 6-nucleotide barcodes at the 3' position of the NS4 gene and used this pool as our viral inoculum for in vivo infections of different mouse lines. We found that over the course of persistent CR6 infection, shed virus was predominantly colon-derived, and viral barcode richness decreased over time irrespective of host immune status, suggesting that persistent infection involves a series of reinfection events. In mice lacking the IFN-λ receptor, intestinal barcode richness was enhanced, correlating with increased viral intestinal replication. IL-4 treatment, which increases tuft cell numbers, also increased barcode richness, indicating the abundance of permissive tuft cells to be a bottleneck during CR6 infection. In mice lacking type I IFN signaling (Ifnar1-/-) or all IFN signaling (Stat1-/-), barcode diversity at extraintestinal sites was dramatically increased, implicating different IFNs as critical bottlenecks at specific tissue sites. Of interest, extraintestinal barcodes were overlapping but distinct from intestinal barcodes, indicating that disseminated virus represents a distinct viral population than that replicating in the intestine. Barcoded viruses are a valuable tool to explore the influence of host factors on viral diversity in the context of establishment and maintenance of infection as well as dissemination and have provided important insights into how NoV infection proceeds in immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somya Aggarwal
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Forrest C. Walker
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - James S. Weagley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Broc T. McCune
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xiaofen Wu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Lawrence A. Schriefer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Heyde Makimaa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dylan Lawrence
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Pratyush Sridhar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Megan T. Baldridge
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences & Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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20
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Zaiss DMW, Pearce EJ, Artis D, McKenzie ANJ, Klose CSN. Cooperation of ILC2s and T H2 cells in the expulsion of intestinal helminth parasites. Nat Rev Immunol 2024; 24:294-302. [PMID: 37798539 DOI: 10.1038/s41577-023-00942-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 immune responses form a critical defence against enteric worm infections. In recent years, mouse models have revealed shared and unique functions for group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells in type 2 immune response to intestinal helminths. Both cell types use similar innate effector functions at the site of infection, whereas each population has distinct roles during different stages of infection. In this Perspective, we review the underlying mechanisms used by group 2 innate lymphoid cells and T helper 2 cells to cooperate with each other and suggest an overarching model of the interplay between these cell types over the course of a helminth infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietmar M W Zaiss
- Department of Immune Medicine, University Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy (LIT), Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Edward J Pearce
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Artis
- Jill Roberts Institute for Research in Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Center for Nutrition and Inflammation, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christoph S N Klose
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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21
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Didriksen BJ, Eshleman EM, Alenghat T. Epithelial regulation of microbiota-immune cell dynamics. Mucosal Immunol 2024; 17:303-313. [PMID: 38428738 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian gastrointestinal tract hosts a diverse community of trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiota, which play a fundamental role in regulating tissue physiology and immunity. Recent studies have sought to dissect the cellular and molecular mechanisms mediating communication between the microbiota and host immune system. Epithelial cells line the intestine and form an initial barrier separating the microbiota from underlying immune cells, and disruption of epithelial function has been associated with various conditions ranging from infection to inflammatory bowel diseases and cancer. From several studies, it is now clear that epithelial cells integrate signals from commensal microbes. Importantly, these non-hematopoietic cells also direct regulatory mechanisms that instruct the recruitment and function of microbiota-sensitive immune cells. In this review, we discuss the central role that has emerged for epithelial cells in orchestrating intestinal immunity and highlight epithelial pathways through which the microbiota can calibrate tissue-intrinsic immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey J Didriksen
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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22
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Strine MS, Fagerberg E, Darcy PW, Barrón GM, Filler RB, Alfajaro MM, D'Angelo-Gavrish N, Wang F, Graziano VR, Menasché BL, Damo M, Wang YT, Howitt MR, Lee S, Joshi NS, Mucida D, Wilen CB. Intestinal tuft cell immune privilege enables norovirus persistence. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eadi7038. [PMID: 38517952 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adi7038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The persistent murine norovirus strain MNVCR6 is a model for human norovirus and enteric viral persistence. MNVCR6 causes chronic infection by directly infecting intestinal tuft cells, rare chemosensory epithelial cells. Although MNVCR6 induces functional MNV-specific CD8+ T cells, these lymphocytes fail to clear infection. To examine how tuft cells promote immune escape, we interrogated tuft cell interactions with CD8+ T cells by adoptively transferring JEDI (just EGFP death inducing) CD8+ T cells into Gfi1b-GFP tuft cell reporter mice. Unexpectedly, some intestinal tuft cells partially resisted JEDI CD8+ T cell-mediated killing-unlike Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells and extraintestinal tuft cells-despite seemingly normal antigen presentation. When targeting intestinal tuft cells, JEDI CD8+ T cells predominantly adopted a T resident memory phenotype with decreased effector and cytotoxic capacity, enabling tuft cell survival. JEDI CD8+ T cells neither cleared nor prevented MNVCR6 infection in the colon, the site of viral persistence, despite targeting a virus-independent antigen. Ultimately, we show that intestinal tuft cells are relatively resistant to CD8+ T cells independent of norovirus infection, representing an immune-privileged niche that can be leveraged by enteric microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison S Strine
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eric Fagerberg
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick W Darcy
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gabriel M Barrón
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Renata B Filler
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mia Madel Alfajaro
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Fang Wang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Vincent R Graziano
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bridget L Menasché
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Martina Damo
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ya-Ting Wang
- SXMU-Tsinghua Collaborative Innovation Center for Frontier Medicine, Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Michael R Howitt
- Program in Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Nikhil S Joshi
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Mucida
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig B Wilen
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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23
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Feng X, Andersson T, Gschwend J, Flüchter P, Berest I, Muff JL, Carchidi D, Lechner A, de Tenorio JC, Brander N, Boehm U, Klose CSN, Artis D, Leinders-Zufall T, Zufall F, Schneider C. Tuft cell IL-17RB restrains IL-25 bioavailability and reveals context-dependent ILC2 hypoproliferation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.04.583299. [PMID: 38496438 PMCID: PMC10942319 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.04.583299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The tuft cell-ILC2 circuit orchestrates rapid type 2 responses upon detecting microbe-derived succinate and luminal helminths. Our findings delineate key mechanistic steps, involving IP3R2 engagement and Ca 2+ flux, governing IL-25 production by tuft cells triggered by succinate detection. While IL-17RB plays a pivotal intrinsic role in ILC2 activation, it exerts a regulatory function in tuft cells. Tuft cells exhibit constitutive Il25 expression, placing them in an anticipatory state that facilitates rapid production of IL-25 protein for ILC2 activation. Tuft cell IL-17RB is crucial for restraining IL-25 bioavailability, preventing excessive tonic ILC2 stimulation due to basal Il25 expression. Suboptimal ILC2 stimulation by IL-25 resulting from tuft cell Il17rb -deficiency or prolonged succinate exposure induces a state of hypoproliferation in ILC2s, also observed in chronic helminth infection. Our study offers critical insights into the regulatory dynamics of IL-25 in this circuit, highlighting the delicate tuning required for responses to diverse luminal states.
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24
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Toledo R, Cociancic P, Fiallos E, Esteban JG, Muñoz-Antoli C. Immunology and pathology of echinostomes and other intestinal trematodes. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 124:1-55. [PMID: 38754926 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal trematodes constitute a major group of helminths that parasitize humans and animals with relevant morbidity and mortality. Despite the importance of the intestinal trematodes in medical and veterinary sciences, immunology and pathology of these helminth infections have been neglected for years. Apart from the work focused on the members of the family Echnistomatidae, there are only very isolated and sporadic studies on the representatives of other families of digeneans, which makes a compilation of all these studies necessary. In the present review, the most salient literature on the immunology and pathology of intestinal trematodes in their definitive hosts in examined. Emphasis will be placed on members of the echinostomatidae family, since it is the group in which the most work has been carried out. However, we also review the information on selected species of the families Brachylaimidae, Diplostomidae, Gymnophallidae, and Heterophyidae. For most of these families, coverage is considered under the following headings: (i) Background; (ii) Pathology of the infection; (iii) Immunology of the infection; and (iv) Human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Toledo
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Paola Cociancic
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emma Fiallos
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Guillermo Esteban
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carla Muñoz-Antoli
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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25
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Wolstenholme AJ, Andersen EC, Choudhary S, Ebner F, Hartmann S, Holden-Dye L, Kashyap SS, Krücken J, Martin RJ, Midha A, Nejsum P, Neveu C, Robertson AP, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Walker R, Wang J, Whitehead BJ, Williams PDE. Getting around the roundworms: Identifying knowledge gaps and research priorities for the ascarids. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2024; 123:51-123. [PMID: 38448148 PMCID: PMC11143470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2023.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The ascarids are a large group of parasitic nematodes that infect a wide range of animal species. In humans, they cause neglected diseases of poverty; many animal parasites also cause zoonotic infections in people. Control measures include hygiene and anthelmintic treatments, but they are not always appropriate or effective and this creates a continuing need to search for better ways to reduce the human, welfare and economic costs of these infections. To this end, Le Studium Institute of Advanced Studies organized a two-day conference to identify major gaps in our understanding of ascarid parasites with a view to setting research priorities that would allow for improved control. The participants identified several key areas for future focus, comprising of advances in genomic analysis and the use of model organisms, especially Caenorhabditis elegans, a more thorough appreciation of the complexity of host-parasite (and parasite-parasite) communications, a search for novel anthelmintic drugs and the development of effective vaccines. The participants agreed to try and maintain informal links in the future that could form the basis for collaborative projects, and to co-operate to organize future meetings and workshops to promote ascarid research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian J Wolstenholme
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Erik C Andersen
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shivani Choudhary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Friederike Ebner
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Susanne Hartmann
- Institute for Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lindy Holden-Dye
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sudhanva S Kashyap
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Jürgen Krücken
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard J Martin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ankur Midha
- Institute for Immunology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cedric Neveu
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Université de Tours, ISP, Nouzilly, France
| | - Alan P Robertson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Robert Walker
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jianbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | | | - Paul D E Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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26
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Hoki M, Yamada Y, Hiratomo E, Hirata M, Takeuchi Y, Yoshimatsu M, Kikuchi M, Kishimoto Y, Marx A, Haga H. Expression of FOXI1 and POU2F3 varies among different salivary gland neoplasms and is higher in Warthin tumor. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:36. [PMID: 38358561 PMCID: PMC10869675 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Salivary gland tumors are histologically diverse. Ionocytes and tuft cells, rare epithelial cells found in normal salivary glands, might be associated with salivary tumors. Here, we explored the expression of FOXI1 and POU2F3, master regulators of ionocytes and tuft cells, respectively, for common salivary neoplasms using immunohistochemistry. METHODS We analyzed normal salivary tissues and nine salivary gland tumors; Warthin tumors (WT), pleomorphic adenomas (PA), basal cell adenomas, and oncocytomas were benign, whereas mucoepidermoid, adenoid cystic, acinic cell, salivary duct carcinomas, and polymorphous adenocarcinomas were malignant. RESULTS Normal salivary glands contained a few FOXI1- and POU2F3-positive cells in the ducts instead of the acini, consistent with ionocytes and tuft cells, respectively. Among the benign tumors, only WTs and PAs consistently expressed FOXI1 (10/10 and 9/10, respectively). The median H-score of WTs was significantly higher than that of PAs (17.5 vs. 4, P = 0.01). While WTs and PAs harbored POU2F3-positive cells (10/10 and 9/10, respectively), the median H-score was higher in WTs than in PAs (10.5 vs 4, respectively). Furthermore, WTs exhibited a unique staining pattern of FOXI1- and POU2F3-positive cells, which were present in luminal and abluminal locations, respectively. Whereas none of the malignant tumors expressed FOXI1, only adenoid cystic carcinoma consistently expressed POU2F3 (5/5), with a median H-score of 4. CONCLUSION The expression patterns of the characteristic transcription factors found in ionocytes and tuft cells vary among salivary gland tumor types and are higher in WT, which might be relevant for understanding and diagnosing salivary gland neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Hoki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Emi Hiratomo
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Takeuchi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yoshimatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kikuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yo Kishimoto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Alexander Marx
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, 54 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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27
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Lammers S, Barrera V, Brennecke P, Miller C, Yoon J, Balolong J, Anderson MS, Ho Sui S, Steinmetz LM, von Andrian UH, Rattay K. Ehf and Fezf2 regulate late medullary thymic epithelial cell and thymic tuft cell development. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1277365. [PMID: 38420512 PMCID: PMC10901246 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Thymic epithelial cells are indispensable for T cell maturation and selection and the induction of central immune tolerance. The self-peptide repertoire expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells is in part regulated by the transcriptional regulator Aire (Autoimmune regulator) and the transcription factor Fezf2. Due to the high complexity of mTEC maturation stages (i.e., post-Aire, Krt10+ mTECs, and Dclk1+ Tuft mTECs) and the heterogeneity in their gene expression profiles (i.e., mosaic expression patterns), it has been challenging to identify the additional factors complementing the transcriptional regulation. We aimed to identify the transcriptional regulators involved in the regulation of mTEC development and self-peptide expression in an unbiased and genome-wide manner. We used ATAC footprinting analysis as an indirect approach to identify transcription factors involved in the gene expression regulation in mTECs, which we validated by ChIP sequencing. This study identifies Fezf2 as a regulator of the recently described thymic Tuft cells (i.e., Tuft mTECs). Furthermore, we identify that transcriptional regulators of the ELF, ESE, ERF, and PEA3 subfamily of the ETS transcription factor family and members of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors play a role in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in late mTEC development and promiscuous gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Lammers
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Victor Barrera
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Philip Brennecke
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Corey Miller
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Joon Yoon
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jared Balolong
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark S. Anderson
- Diabetes Center, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shannan Ho Sui
- Bioinformatics Core, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lars M. Steinmetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Genome Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ulrich H. von Andrian
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Kristin Rattay
- Department of Immunology & HMS Center for Immune Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Pharmacological Institute, Biochemical Pharmacological Center, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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28
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Eshleman EM, Rice T, Potter C, Waddell A, Hashimoto-Hill S, Woo V, Field S, Engleman L, Lim HW, Schumacher MA, Frey MR, Denson LA, Finkelman FD, Alenghat T. Microbiota-derived butyrate restricts tuft cell differentiation via histone deacetylase 3 to modulate intestinal type 2 immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:319-332.e6. [PMID: 38295798 PMCID: PMC10901458 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Tuft cells in mucosal tissues are key regulators of type 2 immunity. Here, we examined the impact of the microbiota on tuft cell biology in the intestine. Succinate induction of tuft cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells was elevated with loss of gut microbiota. Colonization with butyrate-producing bacteria or treatment with butyrate suppressed this effect and reduced intestinal histone deacetylase activity. Epithelial-intrinsic deletion of the epigenetic-modifying enzyme histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) inhibited tuft cell expansion in vivo and impaired type 2 immune responses during helminth infection. Butyrate restricted stem cell differentiation into tuft cells, and inhibition of HDAC3 in adult mice and human intestinal organoids blocked tuft cell expansion. Collectively, these data define a HDAC3 mechanism in stem cells for tuft cell differentiation that is dampened by a commensal metabolite, revealing a pathway whereby the microbiota calibrate intestinal type 2 immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Eshleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Taylor Rice
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Crystal Potter
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amanda Waddell
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Seika Hashimoto-Hill
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Vivienne Woo
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Sydney Field
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Laura Engleman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Schumacher
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mark R Frey
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee A Denson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Fred D Finkelman
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Theresa Alenghat
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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29
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Silverman JB, Vega PN, Tyska MJ, Lau KS. Intestinal Tuft Cells: Morphology, Function, and Implications for Human Health. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:479-504. [PMID: 37863104 PMCID: PMC11193883 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042022-030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are a rare and morphologically distinct chemosensory cell type found throughout many organs, including the gastrointestinal tract. These cells were identified by their unique morphologies distinguished by large apical protrusions. Ultrastructural data have begun to describe the molecular underpinnings of their cytoskeletal features, and tuft cell-enriched cytoskeletal proteins have been identified, although the connection of tuft cell morphology to tuft cell functionality has not yet been established. Furthermore, tuft cells display variations in function and identity between and within tissues, leading to the delineation of distinct tuft cell populations. As a chemosensory cell type, they display receptors that are responsive to ligands specific for their environment. While many studies have demonstrated the tuft cell response to protists and helminths in the intestine, recent research has highlighted other roles of tuft cells as well as implicated tuft cells in other disease processes including inflammation, cancer, and viral infections. Here, we review the literature on the cytoskeletal structure of tuft cells. Additionally, we focus on new research discussing tuft cell lineage, ligand-receptor interactions, tuft cell tropism, and the role of tuft cells in intestinal disease. Finally, we discuss the implication of tuft cell-targeted therapies in human health and how the morphology of tuft cells may contribute to their functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Silverman
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Paige N Vega
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Matthew J Tyska
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
| | - Ken S Lau
- Epithelial Biology Center and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; ,
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30
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Del Vecchio A, Mulé P, Fernández-Pérez D, Amato S, Lattanzi G, Zanotti M, Rustichelli S, Pivetti S, Oldani P, Mariani A, Iommazzo F, Koseki H, Facciotti F, Tamburri S, Ferrari KJ, Pasini D. PCGF6 controls murine Tuft cell differentiation via H3K9me2 modification independently of Polycomb repression. Dev Cell 2024; 59:368-383.e7. [PMID: 38228142 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cell fate is determined by specific transcription programs that are essential for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The E3-ligases RING1A and B represent the core activity of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) that deposits repressive histone H2AK119 mono-ubiquitination (H2AK119ub1), which is essential for mouse intestinal homeostasis by preserving stem cell functions. However, the specific role of different PRC1 forms, which are defined by the six distinct PCGF1-6 paralogs, remains largely unexplored in vivo. We report that PCGF6 regulates mouse intestinal Tuft cell differentiation independently of H2AK119ub1 deposition. We show that PCGF6 chromatin occupancy expands outside Polycomb repressive domains, associating with unique promoter and distal regulatory elements. This occurs in the absence of RING1A/B and involves MGA-mediated E-BOX recognition and specific H3K9me2 promoter deposition. PCGF6 inactivation induces an epithelial autonomous accumulation of Tuft cells that was not phenocopied by RING1A/B loss. This involves direct PCGF6 association with a Tuft cell differentiation program that identified Polycomb-independent properties of PCGF6 in adult tissues homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Del Vecchio
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Mulé
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Daniel Fernández-Pérez
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Amato
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Georgia Lattanzi
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Marika Zanotti
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Samantha Rustichelli
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Pivetti
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Oldani
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Mariani
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabiola Iommazzo
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Haruhiko Koseki
- RIKEN Centre for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Developmental Genetics, 1-7-22 Suehiuro-cho, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Federica Facciotti
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Tamburri
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Karin J Ferrari
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Pasini
- IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Department of Experimental Oncology, Via Adamello 16, 20139 Milan, Italy; University of Milan, Department of Health Sciences, Via A. di Rudinì 8, 20142 Milan, Italy.
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31
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Ualiyeva S, Lemire E, Wong C, Perniss A, Boyd A, Avilés EC, Minichetti DG, Maxfield A, Roditi R, Matsumoto I, Wang X, Deng W, Barrett NA, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Bankova LG, Haber AL. A nasal cell atlas reveals heterogeneity of tuft cells and their role in directing olfactory stem cell proliferation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq4341. [PMID: 38306414 PMCID: PMC11127180 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory neuroepithelium serves as a sensory organ for odors and forms part of the nasal mucosal barrier. Olfactory sensory neurons are surrounded and supported by epithelial cells. Among them, microvillous cells (MVCs) are strategically positioned at the apical surface, but their specific functions are enigmatic, and their relationship to the other specialized epithelial cells is unclear. Here, we establish that the family of MVCs comprises tuft cells and ionocytes in both mice and humans. Integrating analysis of the respiratory and olfactory epithelia, we define the distinct receptor expression of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs compared with Gɑ-gustducinhigh respiratory tuft cells and characterize a previously undescribed population of glandular DCLK1+ tuft cells. To establish how allergen sensing by tuft-MVCs might direct olfactory mucosal responses, we used an integrated single-cell transcriptional and protein analysis. Inhalation of Alternaria induced mucosal epithelial effector molecules including Chil4 and a distinct pathway leading to proliferation of the quiescent olfactory horizontal basal stem cell (HBC) pool, both triggered in the absence of olfactory apoptosis. Alternaria- and ATP-elicited HBC proliferation was dependent on TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs, identifying these specialized epithelial cells as regulators of olfactory stem cell responses. Together, our data provide high-resolution characterization of nasal tuft cell heterogeneity and identify a function of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs in directing the olfactory mucosal response to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Ualiyeva
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan Lemire
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Caitlin Wong
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Perniss
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amelia Boyd
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evelyn C. Avilés
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; currently at Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Dante G. Minichetti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alice Maxfield
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Roditi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenjiang Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lora G. Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam L. Haber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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32
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Cameron O, Neves JF, Gentleman E. Listen to Your Gut: Key Concepts for Bioengineering Advanced Models of the Intestine. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302165. [PMID: 38009508 PMCID: PMC10837392 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The intestine performs functions central to human health by breaking down food and absorbing nutrients while maintaining a selective barrier against the intestinal microbiome. Key to this barrier function are the combined efforts of lumen-lining specialized intestinal epithelial cells, and the supportive underlying immune cell-rich stromal tissue. The discovery that the intestinal epithelium can be reproduced in vitro as intestinal organoids introduced a new way to understand intestinal development, homeostasis, and disease. However, organoids reflect the intestinal epithelium in isolation whereas the underlying tissue also contains myriad cell types and impressive chemical and structural complexity. This review dissects the cellular and matrix components of the intestine and discusses strategies to replicate them in vitro using principles drawing from bottom-up biological self-organization and top-down bioengineering. It also covers the cellular, biochemical and biophysical features of the intestinal microenvironment and how these can be replicated in vitro by combining strategies from organoid biology with materials science. Particularly accessible chemistries that mimic the native extracellular matrix are discussed, and bioengineering approaches that aim to overcome limitations in modelling the intestine are critically evaluated. Finally, the review considers how further advances may extend the applications of intestinal models and their suitability for clinical therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cameron
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Joana F. Neves
- Centre for Host‐Microbiome InteractionsKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
| | - Eileen Gentleman
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative BiologyKing's College LondonLondonSE1 9RTUK
- Department of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of LausanneLausanne1005Switzerland
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33
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Bannier-Hélaouët M, Korving J, Ma Z, Begthel H, Giladi A, Lamers MM, van de Wetering WJ, Yawata N, Yawata M, LaPointe VLS, Dickman MM, Kalmann R, Imhoff SM, van Es JH, López-Iglesias C, Peters PJ, Haagmans BL, Wu W, Clevers H. Human conjunctiva organoids to study ocular surface homeostasis and disease. Cell Stem Cell 2024; 31:227-243.e12. [PMID: 38215738 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The conjunctival epithelium covering the eye contains two main cell types: mucus-producing goblet cells and water-secreting keratinocytes, which present mucins on their apical surface. Here, we describe long-term expanding organoids and air-liquid interface representing mouse and human conjunctiva. A single-cell RNA expression atlas of primary and cultured human conjunctiva reveals that keratinocytes express multiple antimicrobial peptides and identifies conjunctival tuft cells. IL-4/-13 exposure increases goblet and tuft cell differentiation and drastically modifies the conjunctiva secretome. Human NGFR+ basal cells are identified as bipotent conjunctiva stem cells. Conjunctival cultures can be infected by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), human adenovirus 8 (hAdV8), and SARS-CoV-2. HSV1 infection was reversed by acyclovir addition, whereas hAdV8 infection, which lacks an approved drug therapy, was inhibited by cidofovir. We document transcriptional programs induced by HSV1 and hAdV8. Finally, conjunctival organoids can be transplanted. Together, human conjunctiva organoid cultures enable the study of conjunctival (patho)-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Bannier-Hélaouët
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Jeroen Korving
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ziliang Ma
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), and Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Harry Begthel
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amir Giladi
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willine J van de Wetering
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nobuyo Yawata
- Department of Ocular Pathology and Imaging Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Makoto Yawata
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore; Immunology Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUSMED Immunology Translational Research Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, the Netherlands; University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Kalmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Imhoff
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johan H van Es
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wei Wu
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), and Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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34
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Lyu R, Wu J, He Y, You Q, Qian Y, Jiang N, Cai Y, Chen D, Wu Z. Folate supports IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion following enteroviral infections. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23430. [PMID: 38243751 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301928r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells, a kind of epithelial immune cells, rapidly expand in response to pathogenic infections, which is associated with infection-induced interleukin 25 (IL-25) upregulation. However, the metabolic mechanism of IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion is largely unknown. Folate metabolism provides essential purine and methyl substrates for cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, we aim to investigate the roles of folate metabolism playing in IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion by enteroviral infection and recombinant murine IL-25 (rmIL-25) protein-stimulated mouse models. At present, enteroviruses, such as EV71, CVA16, CVB3, and CVB4, upregulated IL-25 expression and induced tuft cell expansion in the intestinal tissues of mice. However, EV71 did not induce intestinal tuft cell expansion in IL-25-/- mice. Interestingly, compared to the mock group, folate was enriched in the intestinal tissues of both the EV71-infected group and the rmIL-25 protein-stimulated group. Moreover, folate metabolism supported IL-25-induced tuft cell expansion since both folate-depletion and anti-folate MTX-treated mice had a disrupted tuft cell expansion in response to rmIL-25 protein stimulation. In summary, our data suggested that folate metabolism supported intestinal tuft cell expansion in response to enterovirus-induced IL-25 expression, which provided a new insight into the mechanisms of tuft cell expansion from the perspective of folate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Lyu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yating He
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiao You
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yajie Qian
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Jiang
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yurong Cai
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Deyan Chen
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Wu
- Center for Public Health Research, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- School of Life Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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35
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Kellogg TD, Ceglia S, Mortzfeld BM, Zeamer AL, Foley SE, Ward DV, Bhattarai SK, McCormick BA, Reboldi A, Bucci V. Microbiota encoded fatty-acid metabolism expands tuft cells to protect tissues homeostasis during Clostridioides difficile infection in the large intestine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.29.574039. [PMID: 38352546 PMCID: PMC10862725 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.574039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic byproducts of the intestinal microbiota are crucial in maintaining host immune tone and shaping inter-species ecological dynamics. Among these metabolites, succinate is a driver of tuft cell (TC) differentiation and consequent type 2 immunity-dependent protection against invading parasites in the small intestine. Succinate is also a growth enhancer of the nosocomial pathogen Clostridioides difficile in the large intestine. To date, no research has shown the role of succinate in modulating TC dynamics in the large intestine, or the relevance of this immune pathway to C. difficile pathophysiology. Here we reveal the existence of a three-way circuit between commensal microbes, C. difficile and host epithelial cells which centers around succinate. Through selective microbiota depletion experiments we demonstrate higher levels of type 2 cytokines leading to expansion of TCs in the colon. We then demonstrate the causal role of the microbiome in modulating colonic TC abundance and subsequent type 2 cytokine induction using rational supplementation experiments with fecal transplants and microbial consortia of succinate-producing bacteria. We show that administration of a succinate-deficient Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron knockout (Δfrd) significantly reduces the enhanced type 2 immunity in mono-colonized mice. Finally, we demonstrate that mice prophylactically administered with the consortium of succinate-producing bacteria show reduced C. difficile-induced morbidity and mortality compared to mice administered with heat-killed bacteria or the vehicle. This effect is reduced in a partial tuft cell knockout mouse, Pou2f3+/-, and nullified in the tuft cell knockout mouse, Pou2f3-/-, confirming that the observed protection occurs via the TC pathway. Succinate is an intermediary metabolite of the production of short-chain fatty acids, and its concentration often increases during dysbiosis. The first barrier to enteric pathogens alike is the intestinal epithelial barrier, and host maintenance and strengthening of barrier integrity is vital to homeostasis. Considering our data, we propose that activation of TC by the microbiota-produced succinate in the colon is a mechanism evolved by the host to counterbalance microbiome-derived cues that facilitate invasion by intestinal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasia D. Kellogg
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Simona Ceglia
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Benedikt M. Mortzfeld
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Abigail L. Zeamer
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Sage E. Foley
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Current address: Transformational and Translational Immunology Discovery Department, AbbVie, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Doyle V. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Shakti K. Bhattarai
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Beth A. McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Reboldi
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Vanni Bucci
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Program in Microbiome Dynamics, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Duplaquet L, So K, Ying AW, Li X, Li Y, Qiu X, Li R, Singh S, Wu XS, Liu Q, Qi J, Somerville TDD, Heiling H, Mazzola E, Lee Y, Zoller T, Vakoc CR, Doench JG, Forrester WC, Abrams T, Long HW, Niederst MJ, Kadoch C, Oser MG. Mammalian SWI/SNF complex activity regulates POU2F3 and constitutes a targetable dependency in small cell lung cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.21.576304. [PMID: 38328215 PMCID: PMC10849479 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.21.576304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Small cell lung cancers (SCLC) are comprised of heterogeneous subtypes marked by lineage-specific transcription factors, including ASCL1, NEUROD1, and POU2F3. POU2F3-positive SCLC, ∼12% of all cases, are uniquely dependent on POU2F3 itself; as such, approaches to attenuate POU2F3 expression may represent new therapeutic opportunities. Here using genome-scale screens for regulators of POU2F3 expression and SCLC proliferation, we define mSWI/SNF complexes, including non-canonical BAF (ncBAF) complexes, as top dependencies specific to POU2F3-positive SCLC. Notably, clinical-grade pharmacologic mSWI/SNF inhibition attenuates proliferation of all POU2F3-positive SCLCs, while disruption of ncBAF via BRD9 degradation is uniquely effective in pure non-neuroendocrine POU2F3-SCLCs. mSWI/SNF maintains accessibility over gene loci central to POU2F3-mediated gene regulatory networks. Finally, chemical targeting of SMARCA4/2 mSWI/SNF ATPases and BRD9 decrease POU2F3-SCLC tumor growth and increase survival in vivo . Taken together, these results characterize mSWI/SNF-mediated global governance of the POU2F3 oncogenic program and suggest mSWI/SNF inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for SCLC.
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37
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Li Y, Han M, Singh S, Breckenridge HA, Kreger JE, Stroupe CC, Sawicky DA, Kuo S, Goldsmith AM, Ke F, Shenoy AT, Bentley JK, Matsumoto I, Hershenson MB. Tuft cells are required for a rhinovirus-induced asthma phenotype in immature mice. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e166136. [PMID: 38061015 PMCID: PMC10906234 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Infection of immature mice with rhinovirus (RV) induces an asthma-like phenotype consisting of type 2 inflammation, mucous metaplasia, eosinophilic inflammation, and airway hyperresponsiveness that is dependent on IL-25 and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). Doublecortin-like kinase 1-positive (DCLK1+) tuft cells are a major source of IL-25. We sought to determine the requirement of tuft cells for the RV-induced asthma phenotype in wild-type mice and mice deficient in Pou2f3, a transcription factor required for tuft cell development. C57BL/6J mice infected with RV-A1B on day 6 of life and RV-A2 on day 13 of life showed increased DCLK1+ tuft cells in the large airways. Compared with wild-type mice, RV-infected Pou2f3-/- mice showed reductions in IL-25 mRNA and protein expression, ILC2 expansion, type 2 cytokine expression, mucous metaplasia, lung eosinophils, and airway methacholine responsiveness. We conclude that airway tuft cells are required for the asthma phenotype observed in immature mice undergoing repeated RV infections. Furthermore, RV-induced tuft cell development provides a mechanism by which early-life viral infections could potentiate type 2 inflammatory responses to future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
| | - Anukul T. Shenoy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | - Marc B. Hershenson
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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38
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Yang H, Huang YX, Xiong PY, Li JQ, Chen JL, Liu X, Gong YJ, Ding WJ. Possible connection between intestinal tuft cells, ILC2s and obesity. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1266667. [PMID: 38283340 PMCID: PMC10811205 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1266667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal tuft cells (TCs) are defined as chemosensory cells that can "taste" danger and induce immune responses. They play a critical role in gastrointestinal parasite invasion, inflammatory bowel diseases and high-fat diet-induced obesity. Intestinal IL-25, the unique product of TCs, is a key activator of type 2 immunity, especially to promote group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) to secret IL-13. Then the IL-13 mainly promotes intestinal stem cell (ISCs) proliferation into TCs and goblet cells. This pathway formulates the circuit in the intestine. This paper focuses on the potential role of the intestinal TC, ILC2 and their circuit in obesity-induced intestinal damage, and discussion on further study and the potential therapeutic target in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Yang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu-Xing Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Pei-Yu Xiong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jin-Qian Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ji-Lan Chen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xia Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Ju Gong
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei-Jun Ding
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Nevo S, Frenkel N, Kadouri N, Gome T, Rosenthal N, Givony T, Avin A, Peligero Cruz C, Kedmi M, Lindzen M, Ben Dor S, Damari G, Porat Z, Haffner-Krausz R, Keren-Shaul H, Yarden Y, Munitz A, Leshkowitz D, Goldfarb Y, Abramson J. Tuft cells and fibroblasts promote thymus regeneration through ILC2-mediated type 2 immune response. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq6930. [PMID: 38215193 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq6930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that is essential for the establishment of adaptive immunity through generation of immunocompetent T cells. In response to various stress signals, the thymus undergoes acute but reversible involution. However, the mechanisms governing its recovery are incompletely understood. Here, we used a dexamethasone-induced acute thymic involution mouse model to investigate how thymic hematopoietic cells (excluding T cells) contribute to thymic regeneration. scRNA-seq analysis revealed marked transcriptional and cellular changes in various thymic populations and highlighted thymus-resident innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2) as a key cell type involved in the response to damage. We identified that ILC2 are activated by the alarmins IL-25 and IL-33 produced in response to tissue damage by thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Moreover, using mouse models deficient in either tuft cells and/or IL-33, we found that these alarmins are required for effective thymus regeneration after dexamethasone-induced damage. We also demonstrate that upon their damage-dependent activation, thymic ILC2 produce several effector molecules linked to tissue regeneration, such as amphiregulin and IL-13, which in turn promote thymic epithelial cell differentiation. Collectively, our study elucidates a previously undescribed role for thymic tuft cells and fibroblasts in thymus regeneration through activation of the type 2 immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shir Nevo
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noga Frenkel
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noam Kadouri
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tom Gome
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Noa Rosenthal
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Tal Givony
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Avin
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Cristina Peligero Cruz
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - Merav Kedmi
- Genomics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshit Lindzen
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shifra Ben Dor
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Golda Damari
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Porat
- Flow Cytometry Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Hadas Keren-Shaul
- Genomics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yosef Yarden
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Dena Leshkowitz
- Bioinformatics Unit, Life Science Core Facility, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yael Goldfarb
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jakub Abramson
- Department of Immunology and Regenerative Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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40
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Schytz Andersen-Civil AI, Arora P, Zhu L, Myhill LJ, Büdeyri Gökgöz N, Castro-Mejia JL, Leppä MM, Hansen LH, Lessard-Lord J, Salminen JP, Thamsborg SM, Sandris Nielsen D, Desjardins Y, Williams AR. Gut microbiota-mediated polyphenol metabolism is restrained by parasitic whipworm infection and associated with altered immune function in mice. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2370917. [PMID: 38944838 PMCID: PMC11216105 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2370917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are phytochemicals commonly found in plant-based diets which have demonstrated immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the interplay between polyphenols and pathogens at mucosal barrier surfaces has not yet been elucidated in detail. Here, we show that proanthocyanidin (PAC) polyphenols interact with gut parasites to influence immune function and gut microbial-derived metabolites in mice. PAC intake inhibited mastocytosis during infection with the small intestinal roundworm Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and altered the host tissue transcriptome at the site of infection with the large intestinal whipworm Trichuris muris, with a notable enhancement of type-1 inflammatory and interferon-driven gene pathways. In the absence of infection, PAC intake promoted the expansion of Turicibacter within the gut microbiota, increased fecal short chain fatty acids, and enriched phenolic metabolites such as phenyl-γ-valerolactones in the cecum. However, these putatively beneficial effects were reduced in PAC-fed mice infected with T. muris, suggesting concomitant parasite infection can attenuate gut microbial-mediated PAC catabolism. Collectively, our results suggest an inter-relationship between a phytonutrient and infection, whereby PAC may augment parasite-induced inflammation (most prominently with the cecum dwelling T. muris), and infection may abrogate the beneficial effects of health-promoting phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pankaj Arora
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Laura J. Myhill
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Milla M. Leppä
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Lars H. Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jacob Lessard-Lord
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Juha-Pekka Salminen
- Natural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Stig M. Thamsborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | | | - Yves Desjardins
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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41
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Marzoog BA. Cytokines and Regulating Epithelial Cell Division. Curr Drug Targets 2024; 25:190-200. [PMID: 38213162 DOI: 10.2174/0113894501279979240101051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Physiologically, cytokines play an extremely important role in maintaining cellular and subcellular homeostasis, as they interact almost with every cell in the organism. Therefore, cytokines play a significantly critical role in the field of pathogenic pharmacological therapy of different types of pathologies. Cytokine is a large family containing many subfamilies and can be evaluated into groups according to their action on epithelial cell proliferation; stimulatory include transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α), Interlukine-22 (IL-22), IL-13, IL-6, IL-1RA and IL-17 and inhibitory include IL-1α, interferon type I (IFN type I), and TGF-β. The balance between stimulatory and inhibitory cytokines is essential for maintaining normal epithelial cell turnover and tissue homeostasis. Dysregulation of cytokine production can contribute to various pathological conditions, including inflammatory disorders, tissue damage, and cancer. Several cytokines have shown the ability to affect programmed cell death (apoptosis) and the capability to suppress non-purpose cell proliferation. Clinically, understanding the role of cytokines' role in epithelial tissue is crucial for evaluating a novel therapeutic target that can be of use as a new tactic in the management of carcinomas and tissue healing capacity. The review provides a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of current knowledge regarding the multifaceted effects of cytokines on epithelial cell proliferation, with a particular emphasis on the intestinal epithelium. Also, the paper will highlight the diverse signaling pathways activated by cytokines and their downstream consequences on epithelial cell division. It will also explore the potential therapeutic implications of targeting cytokine- epithelial cell interactions in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basheer Abdullah Marzoog
- World-Class Research Center «Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare», I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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42
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Coutry N, Gasmi I, Herbert F, Jay P. Mechanisms of intestinal dysbiosis: new insights into tuft cell functions. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2379624. [PMID: 39042424 PMCID: PMC11268228 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2379624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Symbiosis between the host and intestinal microbial communities is essential for human health. Disruption in this symbiosis is linked to gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, as well as extra-gastrointestinal diseases. Unbalanced gut microbiome or gut dysbiosis contributes in multiple ways to disease frequency, severity and progression. Microbiome taxonomic profiling and metabolomics approaches greatly improved our understanding of gut dysbiosis features; however, the precise mechanisms involved in gut dysbiosis establishment still need to be clarified. The aim of this review is to present new actors and mechanisms underlying gut dysbiosis formation following parasitic infection or in a context of altered Paneth cells, revealing the existence of a critical crosstalk between Paneth and tuft cells to control microbiome composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Coutry
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Imène Gasmi
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien Herbert
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Jay
- Institute of Functional Genomics (IGF), University of Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
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43
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Jang B, Kim H, Lee S, Won Y, Kaji I, Coffey RJ, Choi E, Goldenring JR. Dynamic tuft cell expansion during gastric metaplasia and dysplasia. J Pathol Clin Res 2024; 10:e352. [PMID: 38117182 PMCID: PMC10766036 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Tuft cells are chemosensory cells associated with luminal homeostasis, immune response, and tumorigenesis in the gastrointestinal tract. We aimed to elucidate alterations in tuft cell populations during gastric atrophy and tumorigenesis in humans with correlative comparison to relevant mouse models. Tuft cell distribution was determined in human stomachs from organ donors and in gastric pathologies including Ménétrier's disease, Helicobacter pylori gastritis, intestinal metaplasia (IM), and gastric tumors. Tuft cell populations were examined in Lrig1-KrasG12D , Mist1-KrasG12D , and MT-TGFα mice. Tuft cells were evenly distributed throughout the entire normal human stomach, primarily concentrated in the isthmal region in the fundus. Ménétrier's disease stomach showed increased tuft cells. Similarly, Lrig1-Kras mice and mice overexpressing TGFα showed marked foveolar hyperplasia and expanded tuft cell populations. Human stomach with IM or dysplasia also showed increased tuft cell numbers. Similarly, Mist1-Kras mice had increased numbers of tuft cells during metaplasia and dysplasia development. In human gastric cancers, tuft cells were rarely observed, but showed positive associations with well-differentiated lesions. In mouse gastric cancer xenografts, tuft cells were restricted to dysplastic well-differentiated mucinous cysts and were lost in less differentiated cancers. Taken together, tuft cell populations increased in atrophic human gastric pathologies, metaplasia, and dysplasia, but were decreased in gastric cancers. Similar findings were observed in mouse models, suggesting that, while tuft cells are associated with precancerous pathologies, their loss is most associated with the progression to invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogun Jang
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Jeju National University College of MedicineJejuRepublic of Korea
- Department of PathologyJeju National University HospitalJejuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyesung Kim
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Jeju National University College of MedicineJejuRepublic of Korea
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Su‐Hyung Lee
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Epithelial Biology CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Yoonkyung Won
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Epithelial Biology CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Epithelial Biology CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Robert J Coffey
- Epithelial Biology CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Eunyoung Choi
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Epithelial Biology CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
- Epithelial Biology CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
- Nashville VA Medical CenterNashvilleTNUSA
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44
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Lekki-Jóźwiak J, Bąska P. The Roles of Various Immune Cell Populations in Immune Response against Helminths. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:420. [PMID: 38203591 PMCID: PMC10778651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Helminths are multicellular parasites that are a substantial problem for both human and veterinary medicine. According to estimates, 1.5 billion people suffer from their infection, resulting in decreased life quality and burdens for healthcare systems. On the other hand, these infections may alleviate autoimmune diseases and allergy symptoms. The immune system is programmed to combat infections; nevertheless, its effector mechanisms may result in immunopathologies and exacerbate clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the role of the immune response against worms, with an emphasis on the Th2 response, which is a hallmark of helminth infections. We characterize non-immune cells (enteric tuft cells-ETCs) responsible for detecting parasites, as well as the role of hematopoietic-derived cells (macrophages, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, innate lymphoid cells group 2-ILC2s, mast cells, T cells, and B cells) in initiating and sustaining the immune response, as well as the functions they play in granulomas. The aim of this paper is to review the existing knowledge regarding the immune response against helminths, to attempt to decipher the interactions between cells engaged in the response, and to indicate the gaps in the current knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Lekki-Jóźwiak
- Division of Parasitology and Parasitic Diseases, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr Bąska
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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Yamada Y, Iwane K, Nakanishi Y, Haga H. Thymic Carcinoma: Unraveling Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Epithelial Cell Identity Loss. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:115. [PMID: 38201543 PMCID: PMC10778300 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The histogenesis of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) has been a subject of debate. Recent technological advancements have revealed that thymic carcinomas often exhibit a phenotype akin to tuft cells, which is a subset of medullary TECs. Here, we further explored the gene expression signatures of thymic carcinomas in relation to tuft cells and their kinships-ionocytes and neuroendocrine cells (neuroendocrine group). METHODS We analyzed a single-cell RNA sequencing dataset from the normal human thymus. Concurrently, we examined publicly available datasets on the mRNA expression and methylation status of TECs and lung cancers. Real-time quantitative PCR was also conducted with our tissue samples. RESULTS Thymic carcinomas displayed a neuroendocrine phenotype biased toward tuft cells and ionocytes. When exploring the possible regulators of this phenotype, we discovered that HDAC9 and NFATC1 were characteristically expressed in the neuroendocrine group in adult TECs and thymic carcinomas. Additionally, the pan-thymic epithelium markers, exemplified by PAX9 and SIX1, were significantly suppressed in thymic carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Thymic carcinomas might be characterized by unique neuroendocrine differentiation and loss of identity as thymic epithelial cells. Future studies investigating the role of HDAC9 and NFATC1 in thymic epithelium are warranted to explore their potential as therapeutic targets in TETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
| | - Kosuke Iwane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (K.I.); (Y.N.)
| | - Hironori Haga
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan;
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Hu W, Meng L, Wang C, Lu W, Tong X, Lin R, Xu T, Chen L, Cui A, Xu X, Li A, Tang J, Gao H, Pei Z, Zhang R, Wang Y, Wang Y, Han W, Jiang N, Xiong C, Feng Y, Lee K, Chen M. Spatiotemporal observations of host-pathogen interactions in mucosa during SARS-CoV-2 infection indicate a protective role of ILC2s. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0087823. [PMID: 37937994 PMCID: PMC10714800 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00878-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Our study revealed the spatial interaction between humanized ACE2 and pseudovirus expressing Spike, emphasizing the role of type 2 innate lymphoid cells during the initial phase of viral infection. These findings provide a foundation for the development of mucosal vaccines and other treatment approaches for both pre- and post-infection management of coronavirus disease 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Meng
- The Center for Microbes, Development and Health, Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhan Lu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Tong
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - An Cui
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anni Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Tang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongru Gao
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenle Pei
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruonan Zhang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicong Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wendong Han
- Biosafety Level 3 Laboratory, Shanghai Medical College Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglong Xiong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuinyu Lee
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Brain Science Collaborative Innovation Center, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Fudan Institutes of Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingquan Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Biosafety Emergency Response, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Shaikh N, Waterhölter A, Gnirck AC, Becker M, Adamiak V, Henneken L, Wunderlich M, Hartmann W, Linnemann L, Huber TB, Krebs CF, Panzer U, Locksley RM, Wilhelm C, Breloer M, Turner JE. Retinoic acid drives intestine-specific adaptation of effector ILC2s originating from distant sites. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221015. [PMID: 37773047 PMCID: PMC10541314 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of immune cells to tissue-specific microenvironments is a crucial process in homeostasis and inflammation. Here, we show that murine effector type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) from various organs are equally effective in repopulating ILC2 niches in other anatomical locations where they adapt tissue-specific phenotypes of target organs. Single-cell transcriptomics of ILC2 populations revealed upregulation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling in ILC2s during adaptation to the small intestinal microenvironment, and RA signaling mediated reprogramming of kidney effector ILC2s toward the small intestinal phenotype in vitro and in vivo. Inhibition of intestinal ILC2 adaptation by blocking RA signaling impaired worm expulsion during Strongyloides ratti infection, indicating functional importance of ILC2 tissue imprinting. In conclusion, this study highlights that effector ILC2s retain the ability to adapt to changing tissue-specific microenvironments, enabling them to exert tissue-specific functions, such as promoting control of intestinal helminth infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhat Shaikh
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alex Waterhölter
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Christin Gnirck
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina Becker
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Virginia Adamiak
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena Henneken
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malte Wunderlich
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hartmann
- Helminth Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Linnemann
- Helminth Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian F. Krebs
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulf Panzer
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Division of Translational Immunology, III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Richard M. Locksley
- Department of Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Wilhelm
- Unit for Immunopathology, Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Minka Breloer
- Helminth Immunology Group, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan-Eric Turner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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48
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Cunningham KT, Mills KHG. Modulation of haematopoiesis by protozoal and helminth parasites. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12975. [PMID: 36797216 PMCID: PMC10909493 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
During inflammation, haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow (BM) and periphery rapidly expand and preferentially differentiate into myeloid cells that mediate innate immune responses. HSCs can be directed into quiescence or differentiation by sensing alterations to the haematopoietic niche, including cytokines, chemokines, and pathogen-derived products. Most studies attempting to identify the mechanisms of haematopoiesis have focused on bacterial and viral infections. From intracellular protozoan infections to large multicellular worms, parasites are a global health burden and represent major immunological challenges that remain poorly defined in the context of haematopoiesis. Immune responses to parasites vary drastically, and parasites have developed sophisticated immunomodulatory mechanisms that allow development of chronic infections. Recent advances in imaging, genomic sequencing, and mouse models have shed new light on how parasites induce unique forms of emergency haematopoiesis. In addition, parasites can modify the haematopoiesis in the BM and periphery to improve their survival in the host. Parasites can also induce long-lasting modifications to HSCs, altering future immune responses to infection, inflammation or transplantation, a term sometimes referred to as central trained immunity. In this review, we highlight the current understanding of parasite-induced haematopoiesis and how parasites target this process to promote chronic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle T. Cunningham
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative ParasitologyInstitute of Infection and Immunity, University of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Kingston H. G. Mills
- Immune Regulation Research GroupTrinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College DublinDublinIreland
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49
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Ferguson AA, Inclan-Rico JM, Lu D, Bobardt SD, Hung L, Gouil Q, Baker L, Ritchie ME, Jex AR, Schwarz EM, Rossi HL, Nair MG, Dillman AR, Herbert DR. Hookworms dynamically respond to loss of Type 2 immune pressure. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011797. [PMID: 38079450 PMCID: PMC10735188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of the host immune environment on parasite transcription and fitness is currently unknown. It is widely held that hookworm infections have an immunomodulatory impact on the host, but whether the converse is true remains unclear. Immunity against adult-stage hookworms is largely mediated by Type 2 immune responses driven by the transcription factor Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 6 (STAT6). This study investigated whether serial passage of the rodent hookworm Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in STAT6-deficient mice (STAT6 KO) caused changes in parasites over time. After adaptation to STAT6 KO hosts, N. brasiliensis increased their reproductive output, feeding capacity, energy content, and body size. Using an improved N. brasiliensis genome, we found that these physiological changes corresponded with a dramatic shift in the transcriptional landscape, including increased expression of gene pathways associated with egg production, but a decrease in genes encoding neuropeptides, proteases, SCP/TAPS proteins, and transthyretin-like proteins; the latter three categories have been repeatedly observed in hookworm excreted/secreted proteins (ESPs) implicated in immunosuppression. Although transcriptional changes started to appear in the first generation of passage in STAT6 KO hosts for both immature and mature adult stages, downregulation of the genes putatively involved in immunosuppression was only observed after multiple generations in this immunodeficient environment. When STAT6 KO-adapted N. brasiliensis were reintroduced to a naive WT host after up to 26 generations, this progressive change in host-adaptation corresponded to increased production of inflammatory cytokines by the WT host. Surprisingly, however, this single exposure of STAT6 KO-adapted N. brasiliensis to WT hosts resulted in worms that were morphologically and transcriptionally indistinguishable from WT-adapted parasites. This work uncovers remarkable plasticity in the ability of hookworms to adapt to their hosts, which may present a general feature of parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel A. Ferguson
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Juan M. Inclan-Rico
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Dihong Lu
- University of California Riverside, Department of Nematology, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Sarah D. Bobardt
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - LiYin Hung
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Quentin Gouil
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Baker
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew E. Ritchie
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Medical Biology, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron R. Jex
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erich M. Schwarz
- University of Melbourne, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Cornell University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Heather L. Rossi
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Meera G. Nair
- University of California Riverside, School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Adler R. Dillman
- University of California Riverside, Department of Nematology, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - De’Broski R. Herbert
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Pathobiology Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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50
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Yoon SH, Nam JW. Clustering malignant cell states using universally variable genes. Brief Bioinform 2023; 25:bbad460. [PMID: 38084922 PMCID: PMC10783859 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revealed important insights into the heterogeneity of malignant cells. However, sample-specific genomic alterations often confound such analysis, resulting in patient-specific clusters that are difficult to interpret. Here, we present a novel approach to address the issue. By normalizing gene expression variances to identify universally variable genes (UVGs), we were able to reduce the formation of sample-specific clusters and identify underlying molecular hallmarks in malignant cells. In contrast to highly variable genes vulnerable to a specific sample bias, UVGs led to better detection of clusters corresponding to distinct malignant cell states. Our results demonstrate the utility of this approach for analyzing scRNA-seq data and suggest avenues for further exploration of malignant cell heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Yoon
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Advanced BioConvergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-BigData Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wu Nam
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Advanced BioConvergence, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio-BigData Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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