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Zhu W, Fu Y, Zhou H, Zhou Y, Zhang D, Wang Y, Su Y, Li Z, Liang J. RACK1 links phyB and BES1 to coordinate brassinosteroid-dependent root meristem development. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:883-899. [PMID: 39149918 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Light and brassinosteroids (BR) are indispensable for plant growth and control cell division in the apical meristem. However, how external light signals cooperate with internal brassinosteroids to program root meristem development remains elusive. We reveal that the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) guides the scaffold protein RACK1 to coordinate BR signaling for maintaining root meristematic activity. phyB and RACK1 promote early root meristem development. Mechanistically, RACK1 could reinforce the phyB-SPA1 association by interacting with both phyB and SPA1, which indirectly affects COP1-dependent RACK1 degradation, resulting in the accumulation of RACK1 in roots. Subsequently, RACK1 interacts with BES1 to repress its DNA-binding activity toward the target gene CYCD3;1, leading to the release of BES1-mediated inhibition of CYCD3;1 transcription, and hence the promotion of root meristem development. Our study provides mechanistic insights into the regulation of root meristem development by combination of light and phytohormones signals through the photoreceptors and scaffold proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yajuan Fu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yeling Zhou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dayan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuzhu Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yujing Su
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiansheng Liang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Molecular Design, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Cai X, Lee S, Gómez Jaime AP, Tang W, Sun Y, Huq E. PHOSPHATASE 2A dephosphorylates PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR3 to modulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:4457-4471. [PMID: 38996075 PMCID: PMC11449053 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
The phytochrome (phy) family of sensory photoreceptors modulates developmental programs in response to ambient light. Phys also control gene expression in part by directly interacting with the bHLH class of transcription factors, PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORS (PIFs), and inducing their rapid phosphorylation and degradation. Several kinases have been shown to phosphorylate PIFs and promote their degradation. However, the phosphatases that dephosphorylate PIFs are less understood. In this study, we describe 4 regulatory subunits of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) protein PHOSPHATASE 2A (PP2A) family (B'α, B'β, B″α, and B″β) that interact with PIF3 in yeast 2-hybrid, in vitro and in vivo assays. The pp2ab″αβ and b″αβ/b'αβ mutants display short hypocotyls, while the overexpression of the B subunits induces longer hypocotyls compared with the wild type (WT) under red light. The light-induced degradation of PIF3 is faster in the b″αβ/b'αβ quadruple mutant compared with that in the WT. Consistently, immunoprecipitated PP2A A and B subunits directly dephosphorylate PIF3-MYC in vitro. An RNA-sequencing analysis shows that B″α and B″β alter global gene expression in response to red light. PIFs (PIF1, PIF3, PIF4, and PIF5) are epistatic to these B subunits in regulating hypocotyl elongation under red light. Collectively, these data show an essential function of PP2A in dephosphorylating PIF3 to modulate photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbo Cai
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Sanghwa Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrea Paola Gómez Jaime
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050024, China
| | - Enamul Huq
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and the Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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3
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Zebosi B, Vollbrecht E, Best NB. Brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signaling: Conserved and diversified functions of core genes across multiple plant species. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100982. [PMID: 38816993 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are important regulators that control myriad aspects of plant growth and development, including biotic and abiotic stress responses, such that modulating BR homeostasis and signaling presents abundant opportunities for plant breeding and crop improvement. Enzymes and other proteins involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of BRs are well understood from molecular genetics and phenotypic analysis in Arabidopsis thaliana; however, knowledge of the molecular functions of these genes in other plant species, especially cereal crop plants, is minimal. In this manuscript, we comprehensively review functional studies of BR genes in Arabidopsis, maize, rice, Setaria, Brachypodium, and soybean to identify conserved and diversified functions across plant species and to highlight cases for which additional research is in order. We performed phylogenetic analysis of gene families involved in the biosynthesis and signaling of BRs and re-analyzed publicly available transcriptomic data. Gene trees coupled with expression data provide a valuable guide to supplement future research on BRs in these important crop species, enabling researchers to identify gene-editing targets for BR-related functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Zebosi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Erik Vollbrecht
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Interdepartmental Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
| | - Norman B Best
- USDA-ARS, Plant Genetics Research Unit, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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4
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He Z, Zhou M, Feng X, Di Q, Meng D, Yu X, Yan Y, Sun M, Li Y. The Role of Brassinosteroids in Plant Cold Stress Response. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:1015. [PMID: 39202757 PMCID: PMC11355907 DOI: 10.3390/life14081015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature affects plant growth and geographical distribution. Cold stress occurs when temperatures fall below the physiologically optimal range for plants, causing permanent and irreversible damage to plant growth, development, and production. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are steroid hormones that play an important role in plant growth and various stress responses. Recent studies have shown that low temperatures affect BR biosynthesis in many plant species and that BR signaling is involved in the regulation of plant tolerance to low temperatures, both in the CBF-dependent and CBF-independent pathways. These two regulatory pathways correspond to transient and acclimation responses of low temperature, respectively. The crosstalk between BRs and other hormones is a significant factor in low-temperature tolerance. We provide an overview of recent developments in our knowledge of BRs' function in plant responses to cold stress and how they interact with other plant hormones in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mintao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.D.); (D.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yansu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (Z.H.); (M.Z.); (X.F.); (Q.D.); (D.M.); (X.Y.); (Y.Y.)
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5
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Wang F, Liang Z, Ma X, He Z, Li J, Zhao M. LcMPK3 and LcMPK6 positively regulate fruitlet abscission in litchi. MOLECULAR HORTICULTURE 2024; 4:29. [PMID: 39103914 DOI: 10.1186/s43897-024-00109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades have been discovered to play a fundamental role in regulating organ abscission. However, the identity of protein substrates targeted by MAPK cascades, as well as whether the role of MAPK protein cascades in the abscission process is conserved across different plant species, remain unknown. Here, the role of homologs of MPK3 and MPK6 in regulating fruit abscission were characterized in litchi. Ectopic expression of LcMPK3 or LcMPK6 in Arabidopsis mpk3 mpk6 mutant rescued the deficiency in floral organ abscission, while silencing of LcMPK3 or LcMPK6 in litchi significantly decreased fruitlet abscission. Importantly, a total of 49 proteins interacting with LcMPK3 were identified through yeast two-hybrid screening, including two components of the MAPK signaling cascade, five transcription factors, and two aquaporins. Furthermore, the interaction between LcMPK3/6 with LcBZR1/2, core components in brassinosteroids signaling that suppress litchi fruitlet abscission, was confirmed using in vitro and in vivo assays. Moreover, phos-tag assays demonstrated that LcMPK3/6 could phosphorylate LcBZR1/2, with several phosphorylation residues identified. Together, our findings suggest that LcMPK3 and LcMPK6 play a positive regulatory role in fruitlet abscission in litchi, and offer crucial information for the investigation of mechanisms underlying MPK3/6-mediated organ abscission in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhijian Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xingshuai Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zidi He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (South China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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6
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Yang L, Wang B, Zhao D, Li X, Qin Y, Ouyang N, Xiao Z, Zhang Z, Galili G, Li J, Peled-Zehavi H, Wu J. Selective recognition of PTRE1 transcripts mediated by protein-protein interaction between the m 6A reader ECT2 and PTRE1. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024:101043. [PMID: 39091029 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.101043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent internal post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotic RNAs executed by m6A-binding proteins known as "readers." Our previous research demonstrated that the Arabidopsis m6A reader ECT2 positively regulates transcript levels of the proteasome regulator PTRE1 and several 20S proteasome subunits, thereby enhancing 26S proteasome activity. However, mechanism underlying the selective recognition of m6A targets by readers, such as ECT2, remains elusive. In this study, we further demonstrate that ECT2 physically interacts with PTRE1 and several 20S proteasome subunits. This interaction, which occurs on the ribosome, involves the N terminus of PTRE1, suggesting that ECT2 might bind to the nascent PTRE1 polypeptide. Deleting ECT2's protein interaction domain impairs its mRNA-binding ability, whereas mutations in the m6A-RNA-binding site do not affect protein-protein interactions. Moreover, introducing a novel protein-binding domain into ECT2 increases transcript levels of proteins interacting with this domain. Our findings indicate that interaction with the PTRE1 protein enhances ECT2's binding to PTRE1 m6A mRNAs during translation, thereby regulating PTRE1 mRNA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Duanmu Zhao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yifei Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ning Ouyang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhili Xiao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zhibing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Gad Galili
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hadas Peled-Zehavi
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Jian Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding of Guangdong Province, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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7
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Li S, Zhao Z, Lu Q, Li M, Dai X, Shan M, Liu Z, Bai MY, Xiang F. miR394 modulates brassinosteroid signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 119:645-657. [PMID: 38761364 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytohormones allows plants to integrate multiple internal and external signals to optimize their survival of different environmental conditions. Here, we report that miR394 and its target gene LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS (LCR), which are transcriptionally responsive to BR, participate in BR signaling to regulate hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Phenotypic analysis of various transgenic and mutant lines revealed that miR394 negatively regulates BR signaling during hypocotyl elongation, whereas LCR positively regulates this process. Genetically, miR394 functions upstream of BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), BRASSINAZOLEs RESISTANT1 (BZR1), and BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), but interacts with BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) and BRI1 SUPRESSOR PROTEIN (BSU1). RNA-sequencing analysis suggested that miR394 inhibits BR signaling through BIN2, as miR394 regulates a significant number of genes in common with BIN2. Additionally, miR394 increases the accumulation of BIN2 but decreases the accumulation of BZR1 and BES1, which are phosphorylated by BIN2. MiR394 also represses the transcription of PACLOBUTRAZOL RESISTANCE1/5/6 and EXPANSIN8, key genes that regulate hypocotyl elongation and are targets of BZR1/BES1. These findings reveal a new role for a miRNA in BR signaling in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjuan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Ecology Institute of Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Qing Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingru Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehuan Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Shan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, People's Republic of China
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8
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Chagan Z, Nakata G, Suzuki S, Yamagami A, Tachibana R, Surina S, Fujioka S, Matsui M, Kushiro T, Miyakawa T, Asami T, Nakano T. BRZ-INSENSITIVE-LONG HYPOCOTYL8 inhibits kinase-mediated phosphorylation to regulate brassinosteroid signaling. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2389-2405. [PMID: 38635969 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase in eukaryotes. In plants, the GSK3-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 2 (BIN2) functions as a central signaling node through which hormonal and environmental signals are integrated to regulate plant development and stress adaptation. BIN2 plays a major regulatory role in brassinosteroid (BR) signaling and is critical for phosphorylating/inactivating BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1), also known as BRZ-INSENSITIVE-LONG HYPOCOTYL 1 (BIL1), a master transcription factor of BR signaling, but the detailed regulatory mechanism of BIN2 action has not been fully revealed. In this study, we identified BIL8 as a positive regulator of BR signaling and plant growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Genetic and biochemical analyses showed that BIL8 is downstream of the BR receptor BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE 1 (BRI1) and promotes the dephosphorylation of BIL1/BZR1. BIL8 interacts with and inhibits the activity of the BIN2 kinase, leading to the accumulation of dephosphorylated BIL1/BZR1. BIL8 suppresses the cytoplasmic localization of BIL1/BZR1, which is induced via BIN2-mediated phosphorylation. Our study reveals a regulatory factor, BIL8, that positively regulates BR signaling by inhibiting BIN2 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhana Chagan
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Genki Nakata
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Shin Suzuki
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamagami
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Tachibana
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Surina Surina
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shozo Fujioka
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minami Matsui
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kushiro
- School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Tadao Asami
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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9
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Cao X, Wei Y, Shen B, Liu L, Mao J. Interaction of the Transcription Factors BES1/BZR1 in Plant Growth and Stress Response. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6836. [PMID: 38999944 PMCID: PMC11241631 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bri1-EMS Suppressor 1 (BES1) and Brassinazole Resistant 1 (BZR1) are two key transcription factors in the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway, serving as crucial integrators that connect various signaling pathways in plants. Extensive genetic and biochemical studies have revealed that BES1 and BZR1, along with other protein factors, form a complex interaction network that governs plant growth, development, and stress tolerance. Among the interactome of BES1 and BZR1, several proteins involved in posttranslational modifications play a key role in modifying the stability, abundance, and transcriptional activity of BES1 and BZR1. This review specifically focuses on the functions and regulatory mechanisms of BES1 and BZR1 protein interactors that are not involved in the posttranslational modifications but are crucial in specific growth and development stages and stress responses. By highlighting the significance of the BZR1 and BES1 interactome, this review sheds light on how it optimizes plant growth, development, and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehua Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yanni Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Biaodi Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Linchuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Juan Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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10
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Gao X, Li J, Yin J, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Ma L, Zhang B, Zhang H, Huang J. The protein phosphatase qGL3/OsPPKL1 self-regulates its degradation to orchestrate brassinosteroid signaling in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100849. [PMID: 38384133 PMCID: PMC11211515 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of phytohormones that regulate plant growth and development. In previous studies, we cloned and identified PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE WITH KELCH-LIKE1 (OsPPKL1) as the causal gene for the quantitative trait locus GRAIN LENGTH3 (qGL3) in rice (Oryza sativa). We also showed that qGL3/OsPPKL1 is mainly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus and negatively regulates BR signaling and grain length. Because qGL3 is a negative regulator of BR signaling, its turnover is critical for rapid response to changes in BRs. Here, we demonstrate that qGL3 interacts with the WD40-domain-containing protein WD40-REPEAT PROTEIN48 (OsWDR48), which contains a nuclear export signal (NES). The NES signal is crucial for the cytosolic localization of OsWDR48 and also functions in the self-turnover of qGL3. We show that OsWDR48 physically interacts with and genetically acts through qGL3 to modulate BR signaling. Moreover, qGL3 may indirectly promote the phosphorylation of OsWDR48 at the Ser-379 and Ser-386 sites. Substitutions of both phosphorylation sites in OsWDR48 to non-phosphorylatable alanine enhanced the strength of the OsWDR48-qGL3 interaction. Furthermore, we found that brassinolide can promote the accumulation of non-phosphorylated OsWDR48, leading to strong interaction intensity between qGL3 and OsWDR48. Taken together, our results show that OsWDR48 facilitates qGL3 retention and induces degradation of qGL3 in the cytoplasm. These findings suggest that qGL3 self-modulates its turnover by binding to OsWDR48 to regulate its cytoplasmic localization and stability, leading to efficient orchestration of BR signal transduction in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yiheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhongsheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lijuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Baoyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ji Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Seed Industry Science and Technology, Nanjing 210095, China.
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11
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Florido Neto AR, Agostini L, Silva LPD, Nunes MT. Therapeutical Potential of T3 as Adjuvant Therapy in Male Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae066. [PMID: 38862394 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Alloxan-induced diabetic rats present with hypothyroidism. When treated with triiodothyronine (T3), glycemia and proinflammatory cytokine expression are downregulated, improving insulin sensitivity. The effectiveness of associating T3 with insulin (replacement dose [6 U] and [3 U]) in controlling glycemia was investigated in this experimental model. Male Wistar rats were made diabetic by alloxan injection and sorted into groups treated or not with insulin (3 or 6 U) associated or not with T3 (1.5 µg 100 g-1 BW) for 28 days. Nondiabetic rats constituted the control group. Fasting glycemia, glucose decay rate, and thyrotropin (TSH) were measured in the blood/serum of all animals. Immunoblotting was used to assess total GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscles and epididymal white adipose tissue. Cytokine and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression were measured in these tissues and liver. Diabetic rats presented with increased fasting glycemia, inflammatory cytokines, and NF-κB expression, TSH levels, and insulin resistance. In diabetic rats treated with T3 and/or insulin, these parameters were decreased, whereas GLUT4 and anti-inflammatory cytokine expression were increased. T3 combined with 3-U insulin restored the parameters to values of the control group and was more effective at controlling glycemia than 6-U insulin. Thus, a combination of T3 and insulin might represent a promising strategy for diabetes management since it reduces the insulin requirement by half and improves glycemic control of diabetic rats, which could postpone insulin resistance that develops with chronic insulin administration. These findings open a perspective for using thyroid analogues that provide tissue-specific effects, which might result in a potentially more effective treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Ribeiro Florido Neto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Agostini
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Pedro da Silva
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Tereza Nunes
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-000, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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12
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Al-Mamun MH, Cazzonelli CI, Krishna P. BZR1 and BES1 transcription factors mediate brassinosteroid control over root system architecture in response to nitrogen availability. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1387321. [PMID: 38779077 PMCID: PMC11109456 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1387321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Plants modify their root system architecture (RSA) in response to nitrogen (N) deficiency. The plant steroidal hormone, brassinosteroid (BR), plays important roles in root growth and development. This study demonstrates that optimal levels of exogenous BR impact significant increases in lateral root length and numbers in Arabidopsis seedlings under mild N-deficient conditions as compared to untreated seedlings. The impact of BR on RSA was stronger under mild N deficiency than under N-sufficient conditions. The BR effects on RSA were mimicked in dominant mutants of BZR1 and BES1 (bzr1-1D and bes1-D) transcription factors, while the RSA was highly reduced in the BR-insensitive mutant bri1-6, confirming that BR signaling is essential for the development of RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions. Exogenous BR and constitutive activity of BZR1 and BES1 in dominant mutants led to enhanced root meristem, meristematic cell number, and cortical cell length. Under mild N deficiency, bzr1-1D displayed higher fresh and dry shoot weights, chlorophyll content, and N levels in the shoot, as compared to the wild type. These results indicate that BR modulates RSA under both N-sufficient and N-deficient conditions via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 module and confers tolerance to N deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priti Krishna
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Richmond, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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13
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Wiese C, Abele M, Al B, Altmann M, Steiner A, Kalbfuß N, Strohmayr A, Ravikumar R, Park CH, Brunschweiger B, Meng C, Facher E, Ehrhardt DW, Falter-Braun P, Wang ZY, Ludwig C, Assaad FF. Regulation of adaptive growth decisions via phosphorylation of the TRAPPII complex in Arabidopsis. J Cell Biol 2024; 223:e202311125. [PMID: 38558238 PMCID: PMC10983811 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202311125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants often adapt to adverse or stress conditions via differential growth. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) has been implicated in stress responses, but it is not clear in what capacity it mediates adaptive growth decisions. In this study, we assess the role of the TGN in stress responses by exploring the previously identified interactome of the Transport Protein Particle II (TRAPPII) complex required for TGN structure and function. We identified physical and genetic interactions between AtTRAPPII and shaggy-like kinases (GSK3/AtSKs) and provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that the TRAPPII phosphostatus mediates adaptive responses to abiotic cues. AtSKs are multifunctional kinases that integrate a broad range of signals. Similarly, the AtTRAPPII interactome is vast and considerably enriched in signaling components. An AtSK-TRAPPII interaction would integrate all levels of cellular organization and instruct the TGN, a central and highly discriminate cellular hub, as to how to mobilize and allocate resources to optimize growth and survival under limiting or adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wiese
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Miriam Abele
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Benjamin Al
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Melina Altmann
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Steiner
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Nils Kalbfuß
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Alexander Strohmayr
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Raksha Ravikumar
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Barbara Brunschweiger
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Chen Meng
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Eva Facher
- Systematic Botany and Mycology, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität (LMU) München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - David W. Ehrhardt
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pascal Falter-Braun
- Institute of Network Biology (INET), Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center (MTTC), Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christina Ludwig
- Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry (BayBioMS), TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Farhah F. Assaad
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Botany, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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14
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Marathe S, Grotewold E, Otegui MS. Should I stay or should I go? Trafficking of plant extra-nuclear transcription factors. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1524-1539. [PMID: 38163635 PMCID: PMC11062434 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
At the heart of all biological processes lies the control of nuclear gene expression, which is primarily achieved through the action of transcription factors (TFs) that generally contain a nuclear localization signal (NLS) to facilitate their transport into the nucleus. However, some TFs reside in the cytoplasm in a transcriptionally inactive state and only enter the nucleus in response to specific signals, which in plants include biotic or abiotic stresses. These extra-nuclear TFs can be found in the cytosol or associated with various membrane systems, including the endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membrane. They may be integral proteins with transmembrane domains or associate peripherally with the lipid bilayer via acylation or membrane-binding domains. Although over 30 plant TFs, most of them involved in stress responses, have been experimentally shown to reside outside the nucleus, computational predictions suggest that this number is much larger. Understanding how extra-nuclear TFs are trafficked into the nucleus is essential for reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks that govern major cellular pathways in response to biotic and abiotic signals. Here, we provide a perspective on what is known on plant extranuclear-nuclear TF retention, nuclear trafficking, and the post-translational modifications that ultimately enable them to regulate gene expression upon entering the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarika Marathe
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Erich Grotewold
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-6473, USA
| | - Marisa S Otegui
- Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Center for Quantitative Cell Imaging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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15
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Zhu T, Wei C, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Zhu J, Liang Z, Song X, Fu W, Cui Y, Wang ZY, Li C. The BAS chromatin remodeler determines brassinosteroid-induced transcriptional activation and plant growth in Arabidopsis. Dev Cell 2024; 59:924-939.e6. [PMID: 38359831 PMCID: PMC11003849 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling leads to the nuclear accumulation of the BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) transcription factor, which plays dual roles in activating or repressing the expression of thousands of genes. BZR1 represses gene expression by recruiting histone deacetylases, but how it activates transcription of BR-induced genes remains unclear. Here, we show that BR reshapes the genome-wide chromatin accessibility landscape, increasing the accessibility of BR-induced genes and reducing the accessibility of BR-repressed genes in Arabidopsis. BZR1 physically interacts with the BRAHMA-associated SWI/SNF (BAS)-chromatin-remodeling complex on the genome and selectively recruits the BAS complex to BR-activated genes. Depletion of BAS abrogates the capacities of BZR1 to increase chromatin accessibility, activate gene expression, and promote cell elongation without affecting BZR1's ability to reduce chromatin accessibility and expression of BR-repressed genes. Together, these data identify that BZR1 recruits the BAS complex to open chromatin and to mediate BR-induced transcriptional activation of growth-promoting genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Chuangqi Wei
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Institute of Biotechnology and Food Science, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yaoguang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiameng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zhenwei Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuhai Cui
- London Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-food Canada, London, ON N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Chenlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resource, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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16
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Zhao Y, Han Q, Zhang D. Recent Advances in the Crosstalk between Brassinosteroids and Environmental Stimuli. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024:pcae024. [PMID: 38578169 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Due to their sessile lifestyle, plants need to optimize their growth in order to adapt to ever-changing environments. Plants receive stimuli from the environment and convert them into cellular responses. Brassinosteroids (BRs), as growth-promoting steroid hormones, play a significant role in the tradeoff between growth and environmental responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary for understanding the crosstalk between BR and various environmental stresses, including water availability, temperature fluctuations, salinization, nutrient deficiencies and diseases. We also highlight the bottlenecks that need to be addressed in future studies. Ultimately, we suppose to improve plant environmental adaptability and crop yield by excavating natural BR mutants or modifying BR signaling and its targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qing Han
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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17
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Jing T, Wu Y, Yu Y, Li J, Mu X, Xu L, Wang X, Qi G, Tang J, Wang D, Yang S, Hua J, Gou M. Copine proteins are required for brassinosteroid signaling in maize and Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2028. [PMID: 38459051 PMCID: PMC10923931 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Copine proteins are highly conserved and ubiquitously found in eukaryotes, and their indispensable roles in different species were proposed. However, their exact function remains unclear. The phytohormone brassinosteroids (BRs) play vital roles in plant growth, development and environmental responses. A key event in effective BR signaling is the formation of functional BRI1-SERK receptor complex and subsequent transphosphorylation upon ligand binding. Here, we demonstrate that BONZAI (BON) proteins, which are plasma membrane-associated copine proteins, are critical components of BR signaling in both the monocot maize and the dicot Arabidopsis. Biochemical and molecular analyses reveal that BON proteins directly interact with SERK kinases, thereby ensuring effective BRI1-SERK interaction and transphosphorylation. This study advances the knowledge on BR signaling and provides an important target for optimizing valuable agronomic traits, it also opens a way to study steroid hormone signaling and copine proteins of eukaryotes in a broader perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yuying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiankun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaohuan Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Liping Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jihua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Daowen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Shuhua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Hua
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mingyue Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Grain Crops, Center for Crop Genome Engineering, College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
- The Shennong Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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18
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Takahashi N, Suita K, Koike T, Ogita N, Zhang Y, Umeda M. DNA double-strand breaks enhance brassinosteroid signaling to activate quiescent center cell division in Arabidopsis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1364-1375. [PMID: 37882240 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis roots, the quiescent center (QC), a group of slowly dividing cells located at the center of the stem cell niche, functions as an organizing center to maintain the stemness of neighboring cells. Recent studies have shown that they also act as a reservoir for backup cells, which replenish DNA-damaged stem cells by activating cell division. The latter function is essential for maintaining stem cells under stressful conditions, thereby guaranteeing post-embryonic root development in fluctuating environments. In this study, we show that one of the brassinosteroid receptors in Arabidopsis, BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1-LIKE3 (BRL3), plays a major role in activating QC division in response to DNA double-strand breaks. SUPPRESSOR OF GAMMA RESPONSE 1, a master transcription factor governing DNA damage response, directly induces BRL3. DNA damage-induced QC division was completely suppressed in brl3 mutants, whereas QC-specific overexpression of BRL3 activated QC division. Our data also showed that BRL3 is required to induce the AP2-type transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR 115, which triggers regenerative cell division. We propose that BRL3-dependent brassinosteroid signaling plays a unique role in activating QC division and replenishing dead stem cells, thereby enabling roots to restart growing after recovery from genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuki Suita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Toshiya Koike
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Nobuo Ogita
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ye Zhang
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
| | - Masaaki Umeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192, Japan
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19
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Delesalle C, Vert G, Fujita S. The cell surface is the place to be for brassinosteroid perception and responses. NATURE PLANTS 2024; 10:206-218. [PMID: 38388723 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-024-01621-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Adjusting the microenvironment around the cell surface is critical to responding to external cues or endogenous signals and to maintaining cell activities. In plant cells, the plasma membrane is covered by the cell wall and scaffolded with cytoskeletal networks, which altogether compose the cell surface. It has long been known that these structures mutually interact, but the mechanisms that integrate the whole system are still obscure. Here we spotlight the brassinosteroid (BR) plant hormone receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE1 (BRI1) since it represents an outstanding model for understanding cell surface signalling and regulation. We summarize how BRI1 activity and dynamics are controlled by plasma membrane components and their associated factors to fine-tune signalling. The downstream signals, in turn, manipulate cell surface structures by transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Moreover, the changes in these architectures impact BR signalling, resulting in a feedback loop formation. This Review discusses how BRI1 and BR signalling function as central hubs to integrate cell surface regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Delesalle
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Grégory Vert
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Plant Science Research Laboratory (LRSV), UMR5546 CNRS/Université Toulouse 3, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
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Kim SH, Lee SH, Park TK, Tian Y, Yu K, Lee BH, Bai MY, Cho SJ, Kim TW. Comparative analysis of BZR1/BES1 family transcription factors in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:747-765. [PMID: 37926922 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Brassinazole Resistant 1 (BZR1) and bri1 EMS Suppressor 1 (BES1) are key transcription factors that mediate brassinosteroid (BR)-responsive gene expression in Arabidopsis. The BZR1/BES1 family is composed of BZR1, BES1, and four BES1/BZR1 homologs (BEH1-BEH4). However, little is known about whether BEHs are regulated by BR signaling in the same way as BZR1 and BES1. We comparatively analyzed the functional characteristics of six BZR1/BES1 family members and their regulatory mechanisms in BR signaling using genetic and biochemical analyses. We also compared their subcellular localizations regulated by the phosphorylation status, interaction with GSK3-like kinases, and heterodimeric combination. We found that all BZR1/BES1 family members restored the phenotypic defects of bri1-5 by their overexpression. Unexpectedly, BEH2-overexpressing plants showed the most distinct phenotype with enhanced BR responses. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that overexpression of both BZR1 and BEH2 regulates BR-responsive gene expression, but BEH2 has a much greater proportion of BR-independent gene expression than BZR1. Unlike BZR1 and BES1, the BR-regulated subcellular translocation of the four BEHs was not tightly correlated with their phosphorylation status. Notably, BEH1 and BEH2 are predominantly localized in the nucleus, which induces the nuclear accumulation of other BZR1/BES1 family proteins through heterodimerization. Altogether, our comparative analyses suggest that BEH1 and BEH2 play an important role in the functional interaction between BZR1/BES1 family transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Hee Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hwa Lee
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ki Park
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yanchen Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Kyoungjae Yu
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Sung-Jin Cho
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Li R, Zhang B, Li T, Yao X, Feng T, Ai H, Huang X. Identification and Characterization of the BZR Transcription Factor Genes Family in Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) and Their Expression Profiles in Response to Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:407. [PMID: 38337940 PMCID: PMC10856970 DOI: 10.3390/plants13030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Brassinazole resistant (BZR) genes act downstream of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway regulating plant growth and development and participating in plant stress responses. However, the BZR gene family has not systematically been characterized in potato. We identified eight BZR genes in Solanum tuberosum, which were distributed among seven chromosomes unequally and were classified into three subgroups. Potato and tomato BZR proteins were shown to be closely related with high levels of similarity. The BZR gene family members in each subgroup contained similar conserved motifs. StBZR genes exhibited tissue-specific expression patterns, suggesting their functional differentiation during evolution. StBZR4, StBZR7, and StBZR8 were highly expressed under white light in microtubers. StBZR1 showed a progressive up-regulation from 0 to 6 h and a progressive down-regulation from 6 to 24 h after drought and salt stress. StBZR1, StBZR2, StBZR4, StBZR5, StBZR6, StBZR7 and StBZR8 were significantly induced from 0 to 3 h under BR treatment. This implied StBZR genes are involved in phytohormone and stress response signaling pathways. Our results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the functional mechanisms of BZR genes in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Bolin Zhang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Ting Li
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Xuyang Yao
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Hao Ai
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
| | - Xianzhong Huang
- Center for Crop Biotechnology, Anhui Science and Technology University, Chuzhou 239000, China
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22
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Jiang YT, Yang LH, Zheng JX, Geng XC, Bai YX, Wang YC, Xue HW, Lin WH. Vacuolar H +-ATPase and BZR1 form a feedback loop to regulate the homeostasis of BR signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2023; 16:1976-1989. [PMID: 37837193 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) is a vital plant hormone that regulates plant growth and development. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) is a key transcription factor in BR signaling, and its nucleocytoplasmic localization is crucial for BR signaling. However, the mechanisms that regulate BZR1 nucleocytoplasmic distribution and thus the homeostasis of BR signaling remain largely unclear. The vacuole is the largest organelle in mature plant cells and plays a key role in maintenance of cellular pH, storage of intracellular substances, and transport of ions. In this study, we uncovered a novel mechanism of BR signaling homeostasis regulated by the vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) and BZR1 feedback loop. Our results revealed that the vha-a2 vha-a3 mutant (vha2, lacking V-ATPase activity) exhibits enhanced BR signaling with increased total amount of BZR1, nuclear-localized BZR1, and the ratio of BZR1/phosphorylated BZR1 in the nucleus. Further biochemical assays revealed that VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 of V-ATPase interact with the BZR1 protein through a domain that is conserved across multiple species. VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 negatively regulate BR signaling by interacting with BZR1 and promoting its retention in the tonoplast. Interestingly, a series of molecular analyses demonstrated that nuclear-localized BZR1 could bind directly to specific motifs in the promoters of VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 to promote their expression. Taken together, these results suggest that V-ATPase and BZR1 may form a feedback regulatory loop to maintain the homeostasis of BR signaling in Arabidopsis, providing new insights into vacuole-mediated regulation of hormone signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lu-Han Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Zheng
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xian-Chen Geng
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Bai
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Chen Wang
- Zhiyuan College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hong-Wei Xue
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai 200240, China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Hui Lin
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, The Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Agri-Seeds, Joint Center for Single Cell Biology, Shanghai 200240, China.
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23
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Muñiz García MN, Baroli I, Cortelezzi JI, Zubillaga M, Capiati DA. Genetic manipulation of protein phosphatase 2A affects multiple agronomic traits and physiological parameters in potato ( Solanum tuberosum). FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:1117-1129. [PMID: 37899005 DOI: 10.1071/fp23163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, agronomic and functional characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum ) plants constitutively overexpressing the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) catalytic subunit StPP2Ac2b (StPP2Ac2b-OE) were evaluated. StPP2Ac2b-OE plants display reduced vegetative growth, tuber yield and tuber weight under well-watered and drought conditions. Leaves of StPP2Ac2b-OE plants show an increased rate of water loss, associated with an impaired ability to close stomata in response to abscisic acid. StPP2Ac2b-OE lines exhibit larger stomatal size and reduced stomatal density. These altered stomatal characteristics might be responsible for the impaired stomatal closure and the elevated transpiration rates, ultimately leading to increased sensitivity to water-deficit stress and greater yield loss under drought conditions. Overexpression of StPP2Ac2b accelerates senescence in response to water-deficit stress, which could also contribute to the increased sensitivity to drought. Actively photosynthesising leaves of StPP2Ac2b-OE plants exhibit elevated levels of carbohydrates and a down-regulation of the sucrose transporter StSWEET11 , suggesting a reduced sucrose export from leaves to developing tubers. This effect, combined with the hindered vegetative development, may contribute to the reduced tuber weight and yield in StPP2Ac2b-OE plants. These findings offer novel insights into the physiological functions of PP2A in potato plants and provide valuable information for enhancing potato productivity by modulating the expression of StPP2Ac2b .
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Affiliation(s)
- María N Muñiz García
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor N. Torres' (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Irene Baroli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental and Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental Aplicada (IBBEA), Universidad de Buenos Aires and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Int. Güiraldes y Cantilo, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan I Cortelezzi
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor N. Torres' (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martina Zubillaga
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor N. Torres' (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniela A Capiati
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular 'Dr. Héctor N. Torres' (INGEBI), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Vuelta de Obligado 2490, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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24
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Wiese C, Abele M, Al B, Altmann M, Steiner A, Kalbfuß N, Strohmayr A, Ravikumar R, Park CH, Brunschweiger B, Meng C, Facher E, Ehrhardt DW, Falter-Braun P, Wang ZY, Ludwig C, Assaad FF. Regulation of adaptive growth decisions via phosphorylation of the TRAPPII complex in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.24.537966. [PMID: 37986925 PMCID: PMC10659361 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.24.537966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants often adapt to adverse or stress conditions via differential growth. The trans-Golgi Network (TGN) has been implicated in stress responses, but it is not clear in what capacity it mediates adaptive growth decisions. In this study, we assess the role of the TGN in stress responses by exploring the interactome of the Transport Protein Particle II (TRAPPII) complex, required for TGN structure and function. We identified physical and genetic interactions between TRAPPII and shaggy-like kinases (GSK3/AtSKs). Kinase assays and pharmacological inhibition provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that AtSKs target the TRAPPII-specific subunit AtTRS120/TRAPPC9. GSK3/AtSK phosphorylation sites in AtTRS120/TRAPPC9 were mutated, and the resulting AtTRS120 phosphovariants subjected to a variety of single and multiple stress conditions in planta . The non-phosphorylatable TRS120 mutant exhibited enhanced adaptation to multiple stress conditions and to osmotic stress whereas the phosphomimetic version was less resilient. Higher order inducible trappii atsk mutants had a synthetically enhanced defect in root gravitropism. Our results suggest that the TRAPPII phosphostatus mediates adaptive responses to abiotic cues. AtSKs are multifunctional kinases that integrate a broad range of signals. Similarly, the TRAPPII interactome is vast and considerably enriched in signaling components. An AtSK-TRAPPII interaction would integrate all levels of cellular organization and instruct the TGN, a central and highly discriminate cellular hub, as to how to mobilize and allocate resources to optimize growth and survival under limiting or adverse conditions.
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25
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Zhang Z, Zhang H, Gonzalez E, Grismer T, Xu SL, Wang ZY. UPL3 Promotes BZR1 Degradation, Growth Arrest, and Seedling Survival under Starvation Stress in Arabidopsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562997. [PMID: 37904964 PMCID: PMC10614919 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BRASSINAZONE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) is a key transcription factor of the brassinosteroid signaling pathway but also a signaling hub that integrates diverse signals that modulate plant growth. Previous studies have shown that starvation causes BZR1 degradation, but the underlying mechanisms are not understood. Here we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of BZR1 interactome under starvation conditions and identified two BZR1-interacting ubiquitin ligases, BAF1 and UPL3. Compared to the wild type, the upl3 mutants show long hypocotyl and increased BZR1 levels when grown under sugar starvation conditions but not when grown on sugar-containing media, indicating a role of UPL3 in BZR1 degradation specifically under starvation conditions. The upl3 mutants showed a reduced survival rate after starvation treatment, supporting the importance of UPL3-mediated BZR1 degradation and growth arrest for starvation survival. Treatments with inhibitors of TARGET of RAPAMYCIN (TOR) and autophagy altered BZR1 level in the wild type but were less effective in upl3 , suggesting that UPL3 mediates the TOR-regulated and autophagy-dependent degradation of BZR1. Further, the UPL3 protein level is increased posttranscriptionally by starvation but decreased by sugar treatment. Our study identifies UPL3 as a key component that mediates sugar regulation of hormone signaling pathways, important for optimal growth and survival in plants. IN A NUTSHELL Background: The coordination between signaling pathways that monitor the levels of photosynthate and growth hormones is crucial for optimizing growth and survival, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. When the sugar level is low, the BZR1 transcription factor of the brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathway is degraded, and hence growth is attenuated to prevent starvation and enhance survival. When sugar is sufficient, sugar signaling inhibits BZR1 degradation and enables BR promotion of plant growth. The key component that mediates starvation-induced BZR1 degradation remains unknown.Question: What proteins interact with BZR1 and mediate its degradation under sugar starvation?Finding: We performed immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry analysis of BZR1 in starvation-treated Arabidopsis and identified many BZR1-interacting proteins, including two E3 ligases UPL3 and BAF1. Genetic analysis showed that UPL3 plays a specific and prominent role in promoting autophagy-dependent BZR1 degradation and plant survival under sugar-starvation conditions.Next step: How sugar-TOR signaling regulates UPL3 level remains to be studied in the future.
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26
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Zhang Y, Yuan Y, Qu M, Kang C. Brassinosteroid catabolic enzyme CYP734A129 regulates the morphologies of leaves and floral organs in woodland strawberry. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111788. [PMID: 37421982 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) play critical roles in plant growth and development and regulate many important agronomic traits. However, the functions of BRs in strawberry are unclear. This study identified two mutants, named P6 and R87, in woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) from EMS mutagenesis populations that exhibit narrow leaves, petals and sepals. Mapping by sequencing and genetic studies revealed that the F. vesca CYP734A129, encoding a putative BR catabolic enzyme, is the causative gene for both P6 and R87. Overexpression of CYP734A129 in both F. vesca and Arabidopsis causes a severe dwarf phenotype, and the BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR 1 (BES1) protein is less abundant in the CYP734A129-overexpressing Arabidopsis seedlings. This suggests that CYP734A129 is functionally conserved with CYP734A1, as a BR-inactivating enzyme. Transcriptome analysis of young leaves revealed that four BR biosynthetic genes were significantly downregulated in P6 (cyp734a129), and photosynthesis-related genes were highly enriched among the up-regulated genes in P6 compared to the wild type. This further supports that CYP734A129 inactivates BRs in F. vesca. Furthermore, we showed that mutations in CYP734A129 do not affect fruit shape and color during ripening in strawberry. Overall, our results suggest that F. vesca CYP734A129 is a BR catabolic enzyme, and provide insights into the roles of CYP734A129 in strawberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunming Zhang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yingxin Yuan
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Minghao Qu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunying Kang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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27
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Yang R, Liu P, Zhang T, Dong H, Jing Y, Yang Z, Tang S, Zhang Y, Lv M, Liu J, Zhang Y, Qiao W, Liu J, Sun J. Plant-specific BLISTER interacts with kinase BIN2 and BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 during skotomorphogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:1580-1596. [PMID: 37335918 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids play an essential role in promoting skotomorphogenesis, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report that a plant-specific BLISTER (BLI) protein functions as a positive regulator of both BR signaling and skotomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We found that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)-like kinase BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE2 interacts with and phosphorylates BLI at 4 phosphorylation sites (Ser70, Ser146, Thr256, and Ser267) for degradation; in turn, BR inhibits degradation of BLI. Specifically, BLI cooperates with the BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT1 (BZR1) transcription factor to facilitate the transcriptional activation of BR-responsive genes. Genetic analyses indicated that BLI is essentially required for BZR1-mediated hypocotyl elongation in the dark. Intriguingly, we reveal that BLI and BZR1 orchestrate the transcriptional expression of gibberellin (GA) biosynthetic genes to promote the production of bioactive GAs. Our results demonstrate that BLI acts as an essential regulator of Arabidopsis skotomorphogenesis by promoting BR signaling and GA biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Pan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tianren Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huixue Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yexing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ziyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Sha Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Mingjie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Weihua Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Molecular Design Breeding, Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization (MOE), College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Gu Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Qanmber G, Liu Z, Xing K, Lu L, Liu L, Ma S, Li F, Yang Z. Cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6, a direct target of GhBES1.4, participates in BR regulation of cell expansion in cotton. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 115:1729-1745. [PMID: 37326240 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The steroidal hormone brassinosteroid (BR) has been shown to positively regulate cell expansion in plants. However, the specific mechanism by which BR controls this process has not been fully understood. In this study, RNA-seq and DAP-seq analysis of GhBES1.4 (a core transcription factor in BR signaling) were used to identify a cotton cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor called GhKRP6. The study found that GhKRP6 was significantly induced by the BR hormone and that GhBES1.4 directly promoted the expression of GhKRP6 by binding to the CACGTG motif in its promoter region. GhKRP6-silenced cotton plants had smaller leaves with more cells and reduced cell size. Furthermore, endoreduplication was inhibited, which affected cell expansion and ultimately decreased fiber length and seed size in GhKRP6-silenced plants compared with the control. The KEGG enrichment results of control and VIGS-GhKRP6 plants revealed differential expression of genes related to cell wall biosynthesis, MAPK, and plant hormone transduction pathways - all of which are related to cell expansion. Additionally, some cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) genes were upregulated in the plants with silenced GhKRP6. Our study also found that GhKRP6 could interact directly with a cell cycle-dependent kinase called GhCDKG. Taken together, these results suggest that BR signaling influences cell expansion by directly modulating the expression of cell cycle-dependent kinase inhibitor GhKRP6 via GhBES1.4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gu
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110161, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kun Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832003, China
| | - Shuya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
| | - Fuguang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Zuoren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, 455000, Henan, China
- Key Laboratory of China Northwestern Inland Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi, 832003, China
- Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji, 831100, Xinjiang, China
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Liu C, Lin JZ, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zheng HP, Zhou ZK, Zhou YB, Tang XD, Zhao XH, Wu T, Xu SL, Tang DY, Zuo ZC, He H, Bai LY, Yang YZ, Liu XM. The protein phosphatase PC1 dephosphorylates and deactivates CatC to negatively regulate H2O2 homeostasis and salt tolerance in rice. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:3604-3625. [PMID: 37325884 PMCID: PMC10473223 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalase (CAT) is often phosphorylated and activated by protein kinases to maintain hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) homeostasis and protect cells against stresses, but whether and how CAT is switched off by protein phosphatases remains inconclusive. Here, we identified a manganese (Mn2+)-dependent protein phosphatase, which we named PHOSPHATASE OF CATALASE 1 (PC1), from rice (Oryza sativa L.) that negatively regulates salt and oxidative stress tolerance. PC1 specifically dephosphorylates CatC at Ser-9 to inhibit its tetramerization and thus activity in the peroxisome. PC1 overexpressing lines exhibited hypersensitivity to salt and oxidative stresses with a lower phospho-serine level of CATs. Phosphatase activity and seminal root growth assays indicated that PC1 promotes growth and plays a vital role during the transition from salt stress to normal growth conditions. Our findings demonstrate that PC1 acts as a molecular switch to dephosphorylate and deactivate CatC and negatively regulate H2O2 homeostasis and salt tolerance in rice. Moreover, knockout of PC1 not only improved H2O2-scavenging capacity and salt tolerance but also limited rice grain yield loss under salt stress conditions. Together, these results shed light on the mechanisms that switch off CAT and provide a strategy for breeding highly salt-tolerant rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Lin
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - He-Ping Zheng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Zhou
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Yan-Biao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Xiao-Dan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Xin-Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Ting Wu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Shi-Long Xu
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Dong-Ying Tang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Ze-Cheng Zuo
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hang He
- School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and School of Life Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lian-Yang Bai
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Southern Rice Innovation & Improvement, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Hunan Engineering Laboratory of Disease and Pest Resistant Rice Breeding, Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co., Ltd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Xuan-Ming Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, National Center of Technology Innovation for Saline-Alkali Tolerant Rice, College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Han C, Wang L, Lyu J, Shi W, Yao L, Fan M, Bai MY. Brassinosteroid signaling and molecular crosstalk with nutrients in plants. J Genet Genomics 2023; 50:541-553. [PMID: 36914050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to optimize their growth and development in response to fluctuating nutrient levels. Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of plant steroid hormones that play critical roles in plant growth and developmental processes as well as plant responses to environmental stimuli. Recently, multiple molecular mechanisms have been proposed to explain the integration of BRs with different nutrient signaling processes to coordinate gene expression, metabolism, growth, and survival. Here, we review recent advances in understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of the BR signaling pathway and the multifaceted roles of BR in the intertwined sensing, signaling, and metabolic processes of sugar, nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron. Further understanding and exploring these BR-related processes and mechanisms will facilitate advances in crop breeding for higher resource efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Jinyang Lyu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Wen Shi
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Lianmei Yao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Min Fan
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Ming-Yi Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China.
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31
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Heidari B, Nemie-Feyissa D, Lillo C. Distinct Clades of Protein Phosphatase 2A Regulatory B'/B56 Subunits Engage in Different Physiological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12255. [PMID: 37569631 PMCID: PMC10418862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a strongly conserved and major protein phosphatase in all eukaryotes. The canonical PP2A complex consists of a catalytic (C), scaffolding (A), and regulatory (B) subunit. Plants have three groups of evolutionary distinct B subunits: B55, B' (B56), and B''. Here, the Arabidopsis B' group is reviewed and compared with other eukaryotes. Members of the B'α/B'β clade are especially important for chromatid cohesion, and dephosphorylation of transcription factors that mediate brassinosteroid (BR) signaling in the nucleus. Other B' subunits interact with proteins at the cell membrane to dampen BR signaling or harness immune responses. The transition from vegetative to reproductive phase is influenced differentially by distinct B' subunits; B'α and B'β being of little importance, whereas others (B'γ, B'ζ, B'η, B'θ, B'κ) promote transition to flowering. Interestingly, the latter B' subunits have three motifs in a conserved manner, i.e., two docking sites for protein phosphatase 1 (PP1), and a POLO consensus phosphorylation site between these motifs. This supports the view that a conserved PP1-PP2A dephosphorelay is important in a variety of signaling contexts throughout eukaryotes. A profound understanding of these regulators may help in designing future crops and understand environmental issues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cathrine Lillo
- IKBM, Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, 4036 Stavanger, Norway; (B.H.); (D.N.-F.)
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Zhang WJ, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Su YH, Xu T. Protein phosphorylation: A molecular switch in plant signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112729. [PMID: 37405922 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation modification is crucial for signaling transduction in plant development and environmental adaptation. By precisely phosphorylating crucial components in signaling cascades, plants can switch on and off the specific signaling pathways needed for growth or defense. Here, we have summarized recent findings of key phosphorylation events in typical hormone signaling and stress responses. More interestingly, distinct phosphorylation patterns on proteins result in diverse biological functions of these proteins. Thus, we have also highlighted latest findings that show how the different phosphosites of a protein, also named phosphocodes, determine the specificity of downstream signaling in both plant development and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yewei Zhou
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Hua Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Tongda Xu
- Plant Synthetic Biology Center, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Zhao Z, Wu S, Gao H, Tang W, Wu X, Zhang B. The BR signaling pathway regulates primary root development and drought stress response by suppressing the expression of PLT1 and PLT2 in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1187605. [PMID: 37441172 PMCID: PMC10333506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1187605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Introduction With the warming global climate, drought stress has become an important abiotic stress factor limiting plant growth and crop yield. As the most rapidly drought-sensing organs of plants, roots undergo a series of changes to enhance their ability to absorb water, but the molecular mechanism is unclear. Results and methods In this study, we found that PLT1 and PLT2, two important transcription factors of root development in Arabidopsis thaliana, are involved in the plant response to drought and are inhibited by BR signaling. PLT1- and PLT2-overexpressing plants showed greater drought tolerance than wild-type plants. Furthermore, we found that BZR1 could bind to the promoter of PLT1 and inhibit its transcriptional activity in vitro and in vivo. PLT1 and PLT2 were regulated by BR signaling in root development and PLT2 could partially rescue the drought sensitivity of bes1-D. In addition, RNA-seq data analysis showed that BR-regulated root genes and PLT1/2 target genes were also regulated by drought; for example, CIPK3, RCI2A, PCaP1, PIP1;5, ERF61 were downregulated by drought and PLT1/2 but upregulated by BR treatment; AAP4, WRKY60, and AT5G19970 were downregulated by PLT1/2 but upregulated by drought and BR treatment; and RGL2 was upregulated by drought and PLT1/2 but downregulated by BR treatment. Discussion Our findings not only reveal the mechanism by which BR signaling coordinates root growth and drought tolerance by suppressing the expression of PLT1 and PLT2 but also elucidates the relationship between drought and root development. The current study thus provides an important theoretical basis for the improvement of crop yield under drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuting Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Han Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuedan Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Baowen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology; Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, Hebei Collaboration Innovation Center for Cell Signaling and Environmental Adaptation, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Bai Q, Wang L, Huang S, Ali K, Li G, Ren H, Zheng B. The receptor-like kinase EMS1 and BRI1 coordinately regulate stamen elongation via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111673. [PMID: 36931564 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants possess a large family of receptor kinase proteins to mediate cell-to-cell and cell-to-environment communication, and these regulations are essential for plant growth and development as well as resistance to biotic or abiotic stresses. EMS1 is a receptor kinase which involved in tapetum cell fate determination during anther development, while brassinosteroid (BR) receptor, BRI1, controls most aspects of plant growth and development. Although EMS1 and BRI1 are known to regulate independent biological processes, they interact with identical components of the downstream signaling pathways. However, the biological processes other than the tapetum development controlled by the EMS1 signal are not clear. Here, we report that EMS1 signaling-related mutants exhibited an insufficient stamen elongation phenotype, similar to BR signaling mutants. Transgenic expression of BRI1 restored the short filament phenotype of ems1. Conversely, co-expression of EMS1 and TPD1 also restored the short filaments of BRI1 mutants, bri1. Genetic experiments confirmed that EMS1 and BRI1 regulate filament elongation through their downstream transcription factors BES1/BZR1. Molecular analysis suggested that the decrease in BR signaling output in filaments of the ems1 mutant caused deficient filament development. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo experiments proved BES1 interacts with filament-specific transcription factor MYB21. Together, we found that the two receptor-like kinases (RLKs) EMS1 and BRI1 are cooperatively involved in the regulation of filament elongation via the transcription factors BES1/BZR1. These results indicated that the biological processes regulated by EMS1 and BRI1 in plants are both independent and interactive, which provides us with insights into multidimensional molecular control of the RLK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunwei Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Lihaitian Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Shengdi Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Khawar Ali
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Guishuang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Hongyan Ren
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bowen Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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Riekötter J, Oklestkova J, Muth J, Twyman RM, Epping J. Transcriptomic analysis of Chinese yam ( Dioscorea polystachya Turcz.) variants indicates brassinosteroid involvement in tuber development. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1112793. [PMID: 37215221 PMCID: PMC10196131 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1112793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea is an important but underutilized genus of flowering plants that grows predominantly in tropical and subtropical regions. Several species, known as yam, develop large underground tubers and aerial bulbils that are used as food. The Chinese yam (D. polystachya Turcz.) is one of the few Dioscorea species that grows well in temperate regions and has been proposed as a climate-resilient crop to enhance food security in Europe. However, the fragile, club-like tubers are unsuitable for mechanical harvesting, which is facilitated by shorter and thicker storage organs. Brassinosteroids (BRs) play a key role in plant cell division, cell elongation and proliferation, as well as in the gravitropic response. We collected RNA-Seq data from the head, middle and tip of two tuber shape variants: F60 (long, thin) and F2000 (short, thick). Comparative transcriptome analysis of F60 vs. F2000 revealed 30,229 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 1,393 of which were differentially expressed in the growing tip. Several DEGs are involved in steroid/BR biosynthesis or signaling, or may be regulated by BRs. The quantification of endogenous BRs revealed higher levels of castasterone (CS), 28-norCS, 28-homoCS and brassinolide in F2000 compared to F60 tubers. The highest BR levels were detected in the growing tip, and CS was the most abundant (439.6 ± 196.41 pmol/g in F2000 and 365.6 ± 112.78 pmol/g in F60). Exogenous 24-epi-brassinolide (epi-BL) treatment (20 nM) in an aeroponic system significantly increased the width-to-length ratio (0.045 ± 0.002) compared to the mock-treated plants (0.03 ± 0.002) after 7 weeks, indicating that exogenous epi-BL produces shorter and thicker tubers. In this study we demonstrate the role of BRs in D. polystachya tuber shape, providing insight into the role of plant hormones in yam storage organ development. We found that BRs can influence tuber shape in Chinese yam by regulating the expression of genes involved cell expansion. Our data can help to improve the efficiency of Chinese yam cultivation, which could provide an alternative food source and thus contribute to future food security in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Riekötter
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Jana Oklestkova
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Science, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacký University, Faculty of Science, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jost Muth
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Janina Epping
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Luo S, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Wan Z, Liu Z, Lv J, Yu J. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of BZR gene family and associated responses to abiotic stresses in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:214. [PMID: 37095428 PMCID: PMC10123990 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT (BZR) is a class of specific transcription factor (TFs) involved in brassinosteroid (BR) signal transduction. The regulatory mechanism of target genes mediated by BZR has become one of the key research areas in plant BR signaling networks. However, the functions of the BZR gene family in cucumber have not been well characterized. RESULTS In this study, six CsBZR gene family members were identified by analyzing the conserved domain of BES1 N in the cucumber genome. The size of CsBZR proteins ranges from 311 to 698 amino acids and are mostly located in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis divided CsBZR genes into three subgroups. The gene structure and conserved domain showed that the BZR genes domain in the same group was conserved. Cis-acting element analysis showed that cucumber BZR genes were mainly involved in hormone response, stress response and growth regulation. The qRT-PCR results also confirmed CsBZR response to hormones and abiotic stress. CONCLUSION Collectively, the CsBZR gene is involved in regulating cucumber growth and development, particularly in hormone response and response to abiotic stress. These findings provide valuable information for understanding the structure and expression patterns of BZR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guobin Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilong Wan
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zeci Liu
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Lv
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jihua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
- College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
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Liao CY, Pu Y, Nolan TM, Montes C, Guo H, Walley JW, Yin Y, Bassham DC. Brassinosteroids modulate autophagy through phosphorylation of RAPTOR1B by the GSK3-like kinase BIN2 in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2023; 19:1293-1310. [PMID: 36151786 PMCID: PMC10012961 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2124501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved recycling process that maintains cellular homeostasis during environmental stress. Autophagy is negatively regulated by TOR (target of rapamycin), a nutrient-regulated protein kinase that in plants is activated by several phytohormones, leading to increased growth. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms by which TOR integrates autophagy and hormone signaling are poorly understood. Here, we show that TOR modulates brassinosteroid (BR)-regulated plant growth and stress-response pathways. Active TOR was required for full BR-mediated growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. Autophagy was constitutively up-regulated upon blocking BR biosynthesis or signaling, and down-regulated by increasing the activity of the BR pathway. BIN2 (brassinosteroid-insensitive 2) kinase, a GSK3-like kinase functioning as a negative regulator in BR signaling, directly phosphorylated RAPTOR1B (regulatory-associated protein of TOR 1B), a substrate-recruiting subunit in the TOR complex, at a conserved serine residue within a typical BIN2 phosphorylation motif. Mutation of RAPTOR1B serine 916 to alanine, to block phosphorylation by BIN2, repressed autophagy and increased phosphorylation of the TOR substrate ATG13a (autophagy-related protein 13a). By contrast, this mutation had only a limited effect on growth. We present a model in which RAPTOR1B is phosphorylated and inhibited by BIN2 when BRs are absent, activating the autophagy pathway. When BRs signal and inhibit BIN2, RAPTOR1B is thus less inhibited by BIN2 phosphorylation. This leads to increased TOR activity and ATG13a phosphorylation, and decreased autophagy activity. Our studies define a new mechanism by which coordination between BR and TOR signaling pathways helps to maintain the balance between plant growth and stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Yi Liao
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yunting Pu
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Trevor M Nolan
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christian Montes
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hongqing Guo
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Justin W Walley
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Yanhai Yin
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Diane C Bassham
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Yang Z, Qin T, Jin H, Wang J, Li C, Lim KJ, Wang Z. Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals Potential Regulatory Mechanisms of Early Fruit Enlargement in Pecan ( Carya illinoinensis). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:4901-4914. [PMID: 36938622 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) is a popular tree nut. Its fruit development undergoes slow growth, rapid expansion, core hardening, and kernel maturation stages. However, little is known about how pecan initiates fruit development and enlargement after pollination. In this study, we performed the first large-scale identification of potential phosphorylation sites and proteins at early development of pecan fruit by a label-free phosphoproteomic quantification technique. A total of 2155 phosphosites were identified from 1953 phosphopeptides covering 1311 phosphoproteins in unpollinated pistils and fruits at 5 and 9 weeks after pollination. Of these, 699 nonredundant phosphoproteins were differentially phosphorylated (DP). Furthermore, the phosphorylation intensity of DP proteins in brassinolide (BR) and auxin signaling were analyzed, and the function of CiBZR1 was investigated. Ectopic expression of CiBZR1 resulted in BR response phenotypes with curled leaves and fruit, while enlarged seed size in Arabidopsis. Subcellular localization and transcriptional activation activity assay demonstrated that CiBZR1 distributed in both the nucleus and cytoplasm with transcriptional activity. When two phosphosites mutated, CiBZR1S201P,S205G moved to the nucleus completely, while the transcriptional activity remained unchanged. Taken together, our data reveal extensive phosphoproteins and lay a foundation to comprehensively dissect the potential post-translational regulation mechanism of early development of pecan fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengfu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongmiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiani Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Caiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kean-Jin Lim
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengjia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Lin'an District, 311300 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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39
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Liu L, Chen G, Li S, Gu Y, Lu L, Qanmber G, Mendu V, Liu Z, Li F, Yang Z. A brassinosteroid transcriptional regulatory network participates in regulating fiber elongation in cotton. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:1985-2000. [PMID: 36542688 PMCID: PMC10022633 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) participate in the regulation of plant growth and development through BRI1-EMS-SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1)/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1) family transcription factors. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) fibers are highly elongated single cells, and BRs play a vital role in the regulation of fiber elongation. However, the mode of action on how BR is involved in the regulation of cotton fiber elongation remains unexplored. Here, we generated GhBES1.4 over expression lines and found that overexpression of GhBES1.4 promoted fiber elongation, whereas silencing of GhBES1.4 reduced fiber length. DNA affinity purification and sequencing (DAP-seq) identified 1,531 target genes of GhBES1.4, and five recognition motifs of GhBES1.4 were identified by enrichment analysis. Combined analysis of DAP-seq and RNA-seq data of GhBES1.4-OE/RNAi provided mechanistic insights into GhBES1.4-mediated regulation of cotton fiber development. Further, with the integrated approach of GWAS, RNA-seq, and DAP-seq, we identified seven genes related to fiber elongation that were directly regulated by GhBES1.4. Of them, we showed Cytochrome P450 84A1 (GhCYP84A1) and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 1 (GhHMG1) promote cotton fiber elongation. Overall, the present study established the role of GhBES1.4-mediated gene regulation and laid the foundation for further understanding the mechanism of BR participation in regulating fiber development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Guoquan Chen
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Shengdong Li
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Yu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Lili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang 455000, Henan, China
| | - Ghulam Qanmber
- Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Venugopal Mendu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Zhao Liu
- Author for correspondence: (Z.Y.), (F.L.), (Z.L.)
| | - Fuguang Li
- Author for correspondence: (Z.Y.), (F.L.), (Z.L.)
| | - Zuoren Yang
- Author for correspondence: (Z.Y.), (F.L.), (Z.L.)
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40
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Kim TW, Park CH, Hsu CC, Kim YW, Ko YW, Zhang Z, Zhu JY, Hsiao YC, Branon T, Kaasik K, Saldivar E, Li K, Pasha A, Provart NJ, Burlingame AL, Xu SL, Ting AY, Wang ZY. Mapping the signaling network of BIN2 kinase using TurboID-mediated biotin labeling and phosphoproteomics. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:975-993. [PMID: 36660928 PMCID: PMC10015162 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Elucidating enzyme-substrate relationships in posttranslational modification (PTM) networks is crucial for understanding signal transduction pathways but is technically difficult because enzyme-substrate interactions tend to be transient. Here, we demonstrate that TurboID-based proximity labeling (TbPL) effectively and specifically captures the substrates of kinases and phosphatases. TbPL-mass spectrometry (TbPL-MS) identified over 400 proximal proteins of Arabidopsis thaliana BRASSINOSTEROID-INSENSITIVE2 (BIN2), a member of the GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE KINASE 3 (GSK3) family that integrates signaling pathways controlling diverse developmental and acclimation processes. A large portion of the BIN2-proximal proteins showed BIN2-dependent phosphorylation in vivo or in vitro, suggesting that these are BIN2 substrates. Protein-protein interaction network analysis showed that the BIN2-proximal proteins include interactors of BIN2 substrates, revealing a high level of interactions among the BIN2-proximal proteins. Our proteomic analysis establishes the BIN2 signaling network and uncovers BIN2 functions in regulating key cellular processes such as transcription, RNA processing, translation initiation, vesicle trafficking, and cytoskeleton organization. We further discovered significant overlap between the GSK3 phosphorylome and the O-GlcNAcylome, suggesting an evolutionarily ancient relationship between GSK3 and the nutrient-sensing O-glycosylation pathway. Our work presents a powerful method for mapping PTM networks, a large dataset of GSK3 kinase substrates, and important insights into the signaling network that controls key cellular functions underlying plant growth and acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Chan Ho Park
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Chuan-Chih Hsu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yeong-Woo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Yeong-Woo Ko
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, South Korea
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Jia-Ying Zhu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yu-Chun Hsiao
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tess Branon
- Departments of Genetics, Biology, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Krista Kaasik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Evan Saldivar
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Li
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Asher Pasha
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Provart
- Department of Cell & Systems Biology/Centre for the Analysis of Genome Evolution and Function, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Alma L Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Alice Y Ting
- Departments of Genetics, Biology, and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhi-Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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41
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Liu D, Zhang X, Li Q, Xiao Y, Zhang G, Yin W, Niu M, Meng W, Dong N, Liu J, Yang Y, Xie Q, Chu C, Tong H. The U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 promotes brassinosteroid-induced GSK2 degradation in rice. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 4:100450. [PMID: 36127877 PMCID: PMC10030317 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a class of steroid hormones with great potential for use in crop improvement. De-repression is usually one of the key events in hormone signaling. However, how the stability of GSK2, the central negative regulator of BR signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), is regulated by BRs remains elusive. Here, we identify the U-box ubiquitin ligase TUD1 as a GSK2-interacting protein by yeast two-hybrid screening. We show that TUD1 is able to directly interact with GSK2 and ubiquitinate the protein. Phenotypes of the tud1 mutant are highly similar to those of plants with constitutively activated GSK2. Consistent with this finding, GSK2 protein accumulates in the tud1 mutant compared with the wild type. In addition, inhibition of BR synthesis promotes GSK2 accumulation and suppresses TUD1 stability. By contrast, BRs can induce GSK2 degradation but promote TUD1 accumulation. Furthermore, the GSK2 degradation process is largely impaired in tud1 in response to BR. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the role of TUD1 in BR-induced GSK2 degradation, thereby advancing our understanding of a critical step in the BR signaling pathway of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapu Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoxing Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qingliang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yunhua Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guoxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wenchao Yin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Mei Niu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjing Meng
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Nana Dong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanzhao Yang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chengcai Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; National Nanfan Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, China.
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42
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Zhang G, Liu Y, Xie Q, Tong H, Chu C. Crosstalk between brassinosteroid signaling and variable nutrient environments. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-022-2319-0. [PMID: 36907968 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-022-2319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) represents a group of steroid hormones that regulate plant growth and development as well as environmental adaptation. The fluctuation of external nutrient elements is a situation that plants frequently face in the natural environment, in which nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two of the most critical nutrients restraint of the early growth of plants. As the macronutrients, N and P are highly required by plants, but their availability or solubility in the soil is relatively low. Since iron (Fe) and P always modulate each other's content and function in plants mutually antagonistically, the regulatory mechanisms of Fe and P are inextricably linked. Recently, BR has emerged as a critical regulator in nutrient acquisition and phenotypic plasticity in response to the variable nutrient levels in Arabidopsis and rice. Here, we review the current understanding of the crosstalk between BR and the three major nutrients (N, P, and Fe), highlighting how nutrient signaling regulates BR synthesis and signaling to accommodate plant growth and development in Arabidopsis and rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxia Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yongqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qingjun Xie
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hongning Tong
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chengcai Chu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Key Laboratory for Enhancing Resource Use Efficiency of Crops in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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43
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Máthé C, Freytag C, Kelemen A, M-Hamvas M, Garda T. "B" Regulatory Subunits of PP2A: Their Roles in Plant Development and Stress Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065147. [PMID: 36982222 PMCID: PMC10049431 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase PP2A is an enzyme complex consisting of C (catalytic), A (scaffold) and B (regulatory) subunits. B subunits are a large family of proteins that regulate activity, substrate specificity and subcellular localization of the holoenzyme. Knowledge on the molecular functions of PP2A in plants is less than for protein kinases, but it is rapidly increasing. B subunits are responsible for the large diversity of PP2A functioning. This paper intends to give a survey on their multiple regulatory mechanisms. Firstly, we give a short description on our current knowledge in terms of "B"-mediated regulation of metabolic pathways. Next, we present their subcellular localizations, which extend from the nucleus to the cytosol and membrane compartments. The next sections show how B subunits regulate cellular processes from mitotic division to signal transduction pathways, including hormone signaling, and then the emerging evidence for their regulatory (mostly modulatory) roles in both abiotic and biotic stress responses in plants. Knowledge on these issues should be increased in the near future, since it contributes to a better understanding of how plant cells work, it may have agricultural applications, and it may have new insights into how vascular plants including crops face diverse environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Máthé
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Csongor Freytag
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Kelemen
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Márta M-Hamvas
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garda
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Yu Z, Ma J, Zhang M, Li X, Sun Y, Zhang M, Ding Z. Auxin promotes hypocotyl elongation by enhancing BZR1 nuclear accumulation in Arabidopsis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade2493. [PMID: 36598987 PMCID: PMC9812374 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Auxin and brassinosteroids (BRs) are two major growth-promoting phytohormones that shape hypocotyl elongation; however, the cross-talk between auxin and BR in this process is not fully understood. In this study, we found that auxin-induced hypocotyl elongation is dependent on brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1), a core BR signaling component. Auxin promotes BZR1 nuclear accumulation in hypocotyl cells, a process dependent on mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MPK3) and MPK6, which are both activated by auxin and whose encoding genes are highly expressed in hypocotyls. We determined that MPK3/MPK6 phosphorylate and reduce the protein stability of general regulatory factor 4 (GRF4), a member of the 14-3-3 family of proteins that retain BZR1 in the cytoplasm. In summary, this study reveals the molecular mechanism by which auxin promotes hypocotyl elongation by enhancing BZR1 nuclear accumulation via MPK3/MPK6-regulated GRF4 protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zipeng Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jinxin Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengyue Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Mengxin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaojun Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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45
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Chen L. Emerging roles of protein phosphorylation in regulation of stomatal development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 280:153882. [PMID: 36493667 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, tiny epidermal spores, control gas exchange between plants and their external environment, thereby playing essential roles in plant development and physiology. Stomatal development requires rapid regulation of components in signaling pathways to respond flexibly to numerous intrinsic and extrinsic signals. In support of this, reversible phosphorylation, which is particularly suitable for rapid signal transduction, has been implicated in this process. This review highlights the current understanding of the essential roles of reversible phosphorylation in the regulation of stomatal development, most of which comes from the dicot Arabidopsis thaliana. Protein phosphorylation tightly controls the activity of SPEECHLESS (SPCH)-SCREAM (SCRM), the stomatal lineage switch, and the activity of several mitogen-activated protein kinases and receptor kinases upstream of SPCH-SCRM, thereby regulating stomatal cell differentiation and patterning. In addition, protein phosphorylation is involved in the establishment of cell polarity during stomatal asymmetric cell division. Finally, cyclin-dependent kinase-mediated protein phosphorylation plays essential roles in cell cycle control during stomatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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46
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Saini LK, Bheri M, Pandey GK. Protein phosphatases and their targets: Comprehending the interactions in plant signaling pathways. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2023; 134:307-370. [PMID: 36858740 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation is a vital reversible post-translational modification. This process is established by two classes of enzymes: protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Protein kinases phosphorylate proteins while protein phosphatases dephosphorylate phosphorylated proteins, thus, functioning as 'critical regulators' in signaling pathways. The eukaryotic protein phosphatases are classified as phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP), metallo-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM), protein tyrosine (Tyr) phosphatases (PTP), and aspartate (Asp)-dependent phosphatases. The PPP and PPM families are serine (Ser)/threonine (Thr) specific phosphatases (STPs) that dephosphorylate Ser and Thr residues. The PTP family dephosphorylates Tyr residues while dual-specificity phosphatases (DsPTPs/DSPs) dephosphorylate Ser, Thr, and Tyr residues. The composition of these enzymes as well as their substrate specificity are important determinants of their functional significance in a number of cellular processes and stress responses. Their role in animal systems is well-understood and characterized. The functional characterization of protein phosphatases has been extensively covered in plants, although the comprehension of their mechanistic basis is an ongoing pursuit. The nature of their interactions with other key players in the signaling process is vital to our understanding. The substrates or targets determine their potential as well as magnitude of the impact they have on signaling pathways. In this article, we exclusively overview the various substrates of protein phosphatases in plant signaling pathways, which are a critical determinant of the outcome of various developmental and stress stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lokesh K Saini
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Malathi Bheri
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India.
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47
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Zhang K, Duan M, Zhang L, Li J, Shan L, Zheng L, Liu J. HOP1 and HOP2 are involved in salt tolerance by facilitating the brassinosteroid-related nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of the HSP90-BIN2 complex. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:3551-3565. [PMID: 36123951 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The co-chaperone heat shock protein (HSP)70-HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) is involved in plant thermotolerance. However, its function in plant salinity tolerance was not yet studied. We found that Arabidopsis HOP1 and HOP2 play critical roles in salt tolerance by affecting the nucleo-cytoplasmic partitioning of HSP90 and brassinosteroid-insensitive 2 (BIN2). A hop1/2 double mutant was hypersensitive to salt-stress. Interestingly, this sensitivity was remedied by exogenous brassinolide application, while the application of brassinazole impeded growth of both wild-type (WT) and hop1/2 plants under normal and salt stress conditions. This suggested that the insufficient brassinosteroid (BR) content was responsible for the salt-sensitivity of hop1/2. After WT was transferred to salt stress conditions, HOP1/2, BIN2 and HSP90 accumulated in the nucleus, brassinazole-resistant 1 (BZR1) was phosphorylated and accumulated in the cytoplasm, and BR content significantly increased. This initial response resulted in dephosphorylation of BZR1 and BR response. This dynamic regulation of BR content was impeded in salt-stressed hop1/2. Thus, we propose that HOP1 and HOP2 are involved in salt tolerance by affecting BR signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyue Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Meijie Duan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jinge Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lele Shan
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Lina Zheng
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
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Shao Z, Zhao B, Kotla P, Burns JG, Tran J, Ke M, Chen X, Browning KS, Qiao H. Phosphorylation status of Bβ subunit acts as a switch to regulate the function of phosphatase PP2A in ethylene-mediated root growth inhibition. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1762-1778. [PMID: 36073540 PMCID: PMC9828452 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The various combinations and regulations of different subunits of phosphatase PP2A holoenzymes underlie their functional complexity and importance. However, molecular mechanisms governing the assembly of PP2A complex in response to external or internal signals remain largely unknown, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. We found that the phosphorylation status of Bβ of PP2A acts as a switch to regulate the activity of PP2A. In the absence of ethylene, phosphorylated Bβ leads to an inactivation of PP2A; the substrate EIR1 remains to be phosphorylated, preventing the EIR1-mediated auxin transport in epidermis, leading to normal root growth. Upon ethylene treatment, the dephosphorylated Bβ mediates the formation of the A2-C4-Bβ protein complex to activate PP2A, resulting in the dephosphorylation of EIR1 to promote auxin transport in epidermis of elongation zone, leading to root growth inhibition. Altogether, our research revealed a novel molecular mechanism by which the dephosphorylation of Bβ subunit switches on PP2A activity to dephosphorylate EIR1 to establish EIR1-mediated auxin transport in the epidermis in elongation zone for root growth inhibition in response to ethylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyao Shao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Bo Zhao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Prashanth Kotla
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Jackson G. Burns
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Jaclyn Tran
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Meiyu Ke
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Xu Chen
- Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Horticultural Plant Biology and Metabolomics CenterFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhouFujian350002China
| | - Karen S. Browning
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Hong Qiao
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular BiologyThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- Department of Molecular BiosciencesThe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
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49
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Nosaki S, Mitsuda N, Sakamoto S, Kusubayashi K, Yamagami A, Xu Y, Bui TBC, Terada T, Miura K, Nakano T, Tanokura M, Miyakawa T. Brassinosteroid-induced gene repression requires specific and tight promoter binding of BIL1/BZR1 via DNA shape readout. NATURE PLANTS 2022; 8:1440-1452. [PMID: 36522451 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BRZ-INSENSITIVE-LONG 1 (BIL1)/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and its homologues are plant-specific transcription factors that convert the signalling of the phytohormones brassinosteroids (BRs) to transcriptional responses, thus controlling various physiological processes in plants. Although BIL1/BZR1 upregulates some BR-responsive genes and downregulates others, the molecular mechanism underlying the dual roles of BIL1/BZR1 is still poorly understood. Here we show that BR-responsive transcriptional repression by BIL1/BZR1 requires the tight binding of BIL1/BZR1 alone to the 10 bp elements of DNA fragments containing the known 6 bp core-binding motifs at the centre. Furthermore, biochemical and structural evidence demonstrates that the selectivity for two nucleobases flanking the core motifs is realized by the DNA shape readout of BIL1/BZR1 without direct recognition of the nucleobases. These results elucidate the molecular and structural basis of transcriptional repression by BIL1/BZR1 and contribute to further understanding of the dual roles of BIL1/BZR1 in BR-responsive gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Nosaki
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Mitsuda
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Global Zero Emission Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kusubayashi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamagami
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuqun Xu
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thi Bao Chau Bui
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Terada
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Miura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant-Innovation Research Center (T-PIRC), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakano
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
- Gene Discovery Research Group, RIKEN CSRS, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan.
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50
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Sang K, Li J, Qian X, Yu J, Zhou Y, Xia X. The APETALA2a/DWARF/BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT 1 module contributes to carotenoid synthesis in tomato fruits. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:1238-1251. [PMID: 36271694 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ethylene (ET) signaling plays a critical role in the ripening of climacteric fruits such as tomato. Brassinosteroids (BRs) were found to promote the ripening of both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits. However, the mechanism of interaction between ET and BRs during fruit ripening is unclear. Here, we found that BR synthesis and signaling increased after the onset of fruit ripening. Overexpression of the BR synthesis gene DWARF (DWF) promotedfruit softening, lycopene synthesis and ET production, whereas defect of DWF inhibited them. BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) as a key component of BR signaling, enhanced fruit lycopene content by directly activating the transcription of PSY1 gene. Interestingly, the increases in BR synthesis and BZR1 protein levels were dependent on ET signaling. Knocking out the ET-induced APETALA2a (AP2a) suppressed the expression of DWF and BR accumulation. Molecular assays demonstrated that AP2a was a positive regulator of DWF expression. Furthermore, 28-homobrassinolide, a bioactive BR, partially compensated the defects of lycopene accumulation and expression of PSY1 in ap2a mutant fruits. The results demonstrated that AP2a mediated ET signaling to regulate BR synthesis and signaling. BRs played critical roles in lycopene synthesis after onset of fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangqi Sang
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Li
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangjie Qian
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Yu
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plants Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Agricultural Ministry of China, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojian Xia
- Department of Horticulture, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, People's Republic of China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572025, People's Republic of China
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