1
|
Mou X, He B, Zhang M, Zhu Y, Ou Y, Chen X. Causal influence of muscle weakness on cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19974. [PMID: 37968290 PMCID: PMC10651997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The causal roles of muscle weakness in cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporosis remain elusive. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to explore the causal roles of muscle weakness in the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporosis. 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, P < 5 × 10-8) associated with muscle weakness were used as instrumental variables. Genetic predisposition to muscle weakness led to increased risk of coronary artery disease (inverse variance weighted [IVW] analysis, beta-estimate: 0.095, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.023 to 0.166, standard error [SE]:0.036, P-value = 0.009) and reduced risk of heart failure (weight median analysis, beta-estimate: - 0.137, 95% CI - 0.264 to - 0.009, SE:0.065, P-value = 0.036). In addition, muscle weakness may reduce the estimated bone mineral density (eBMD, weight median analysis, beta-estimate: - 0.059, 95% CI - 0.110 to - 0.008, SE:0.026, P-value = 0.023). We found no MR associations between muscle weakness and atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes or fracture. This study provides robust evidence that muscle weakness is causally associated with the incidence of coronary artery disease and heart failure, which may provide new insight to prevent and treat these two cardiometabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Mou
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin He
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunsheng Ou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lagou V, Jiang L, Ulrich A, Zudina L, González KSG, Balkhiyarova Z, Faggian A, Maina JG, Chen S, Todorov PV, Sharapov S, David A, Marullo L, Mägi R, Rujan RM, Ahlqvist E, Thorleifsson G, Gao Η, Εvangelou Ε, Benyamin B, Scott RA, Isaacs A, Zhao JH, Willems SM, Johnson T, Gieger C, Grallert H, Meisinger C, Müller-Nurasyid M, Strawbridge RJ, Goel A, Rybin D, Albrecht E, Jackson AU, Stringham HM, Corrêa IR, Farber-Eger E, Steinthorsdottir V, Uitterlinden AG, Munroe PB, Brown MJ, Schmidberger J, Holmen O, Thorand B, Hveem K, Wilsgaard T, Mohlke KL, Wang Z, Shmeliov A, den Hoed M, Loos RJF, Kratzer W, Haenle M, Koenig W, Boehm BO, Tan TM, Tomas A, Salem V, Barroso I, Tuomilehto J, Boehnke M, Florez JC, Hamsten A, Watkins H, Njølstad I, Wichmann HE, Caulfield MJ, Khaw KT, van Duijn CM, Hofman A, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Whitfield JB, Martin NG, Montgomery G, Scapoli C, Tzoulaki I, Elliott P, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Brittain EL, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Sexton PM, Wootten D, Groop L, Dupuis J, Meigs JB, Deganutti G, Demirkan A, Pers TH, Reynolds CA, Aulchenko YS, Kaakinen MA, Jones B, Prokopenko I. GWAS of random glucose in 476,326 individuals provide insights into diabetes pathophysiology, complications and treatment stratification. Nat Genet 2023; 55:1448-1461. [PMID: 37679419 PMCID: PMC10484788 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Conventional measurements of fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels investigated in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) cannot capture the effects of DNA variability on 'around the clock' glucoregulatory processes. Here we show that GWAS meta-analysis of glucose measurements under nonstandardized conditions (random glucose (RG)) in 476,326 individuals of diverse ancestries and without diabetes enables locus discovery and innovative pathophysiological observations. We discovered 120 RG loci represented by 150 distinct signals, including 13 with sex-dimorphic effects, two cross-ancestry and seven rare frequency signals. Of these, 44 loci are new for glycemic traits. Regulatory, glycosylation and metagenomic annotations highlight ileum and colon tissues, indicating an underappreciated role of the gastrointestinal tract in controlling blood glucose. Functional follow-up and molecular dynamics simulations of lower frequency coding variants in glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP1R), a type 2 diabetes treatment target, reveal that optimal selection of GLP-1R agonist therapy will benefit from tailored genetic stratification. We also provide evidence from Mendelian randomization that lung function is modulated by blood glucose and that pulmonary dysfunction is a diabetes complication. Our investigation yields new insights into the biology of glucose regulation, diabetes complications and pathways for treatment stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Longda Jiang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Liudmila Zudina
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Karla Sofia Gutiérrez González
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Clinical Laboratory, Clinica Biblica Hospital, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Zhanna Balkhiyarova
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Alessia Faggian
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Laboratory for Artificial Biology, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Jared G Maina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Shiqian Chen
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Petar V Todorov
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sodbo Sharapov
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessia David
- Centre for Bioinformatics and System Biology, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Genetic Section, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Roxana-Maria Rujan
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Emma Ahlqvist
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Ηe Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Εvangelos Εvangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Beben Benyamin
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aaron Isaacs
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sara M Willems
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Toby Johnson
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Meisinger
- Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denis Rybin
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eva Albrecht
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Eric Farber-Eger
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Morris J Brown
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julian Schmidberger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Oddgeir Holmen
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Barbara Thorand
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K G Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epdiemiology, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Aleksey Shmeliov
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Marcel den Hoed
- The Beijer Laboratory and Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University and SciLifeLab, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Wolfgang Kratzer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mark Haenle
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Medical Centre, Ulm, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Koenig
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore and Department of Endocrinology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Tricia M Tan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alejandra Tomas
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Victoria Salem
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Exeter Centre of Excellence for Diabetes Research (EXCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Diabetes Research Unit, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
| | - H-Erich Wichmann
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Grant Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Imperial College London Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc., Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Evan L Brittain
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Patrick M Sexton
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Denise Wootten
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- ARC Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leif Groop
- Lund University Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Deganutti
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
| | - Ayse Demirkan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tune H Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christopher A Reynolds
- Centre for Sports, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Conventry, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Yurii S Aulchenko
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Glycogenomics, Institute of Cytology and Genetics SD RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia
- MSU Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | - Ben Jones
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- People-Centred Artificial Intelligence Institute, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- UMR 8199-EGID, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, University of Lille, Lille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kanoni S, Graham SE, Wang Y, Surakka I, Ramdas S, Zhu X, Clarke SL, Bhatti KF, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Zajac GJM, Wu KHH, Ntalla I, Hui Q, Klarin D, Hilliard AT, Wang Z, Xue C, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Hwang MY, Han S, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Pacheco JA, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Feng Q, Kullo IJ, Narita A, Takayama J, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Trivedi B, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Rasheed A, Hindy G, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Choudhury A, Sengupta D, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Yousri NA, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Bjerregaard AA, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Hwu CM, Hung YJ, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Mauro P, Matteo F, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Ruotsalainen SE, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Vazquez-Moreno M, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Wang Z, Preuss MH, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Tsao NL, Verma A, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Demirkan A, Leonard HL, Marten J, Frank M, Schmidt B, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Nongmaithem SS, Bayyana S, Stringham HM, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Banas B, Nardone GG, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Bentley AR, Doumatey AP, Adeyemo AA, Lee JY, Petersen ERB, Nielsen AA, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hidalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Liang J, Tang H, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Zimmermann ME, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Peyser PA, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Böger CA, Jung B, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Mercader JM, Costanzo MC, Jang D, Burtt NP, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Jin ZB, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, Hart LM', Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Rotimi CN, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Francesco C, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Chuang LM, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Li H, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, Willemsen AHM, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Baras A, Justice AE, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, van Heel DA, Trembath RC, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Kim BJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Zhang J, Chen YE, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson PWF, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Mohlke KL, Sun YV, Morris AP, Boehnke M, Brown CD, Natarajan P, Deloukas P, Willer CJ, Assimes TL, Peloso GM. Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis. Genome Biol 2022; 23:268. [PMID: 36575460 PMCID: PMC9793579 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02837-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. RESULTS To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3-5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Boston Children's Hospital, EndocrinologyBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | | | - Anna Helgadottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali - National University Hospital of Iceland, Hringbraut, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Clinic of Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Division of Medicine and Laboratory Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Allen Pacheco
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gonda Vascular Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Jun Takayama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 9810, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Nine, Edinburgh Bioquarter, 9 Little France Road, Edinburgh, EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dhriti Sengupta
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol, BS1 2LY, UK
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne A Bjerregaard
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Chii-Min Hwu
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Postbox 90048~700, Sanhsia Dist, New Taipei City, 237101, Taiwan
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Aragon Institute of Engineering Research, University of Zaragoza and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red - Bioingeniería, Biomateriales Y Nanomedicina, Spain
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Unit of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Pala Mauro
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Floris Matteo
- Istituto Di Ricerca Genetica E Biomedica, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Biomediche, Università Degli Studi Di Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, 1011, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Dept of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck and Charité - University Medicine Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik Für Herz- Und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Azra Kurbasic
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Claudia Lamina
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lukas Forer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - EWarwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Miguel Vazquez-Moreno
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Paraskevi Christofidou
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Noah L Tsao
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Nuno R Zilhao
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
| | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- SYNLAB MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim GmbH, 68163, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Hangzhou, 310024, Zhejiang, China
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ayşe Demirkan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Section of Statistical Multi-Omics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Mirjam Frank
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
- Genomic Oncology Area, GENYO, Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
- Hematology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de Las Nieves, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs.GRANADA), Granada, Spain
| | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Tampere Centre for Skills Training and Simulation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- CONACYT, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica Y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Swati Bayyana
- Genomic Research On Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Heather M Stringham
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06355, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 04514, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 03181, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Health Services and Systems Research, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110020, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Fumihiko Takeuchi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing, 100005, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 1 Dong Jiao Min Xiang, Beijing, 100730, Dong Cheng District, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Bernhard Banas
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 20892-9205, USA
- Department of Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Sugarland, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ayo P Doumatey
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Adebowale A Adeyemo
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Jong Young Lee
- , Oneomics. Co. Ltd. 2F, Soonchunhyang Mirai Medical Center 173, Buheuyng-Ro, Bucheon-Si Gyeonggi-Do, 14585, Korea
| | - Eva R B Petersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunology, Hospital of Southern Jutland, Kresten Philipsens Vej 15, 6200, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Aneta A Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Kolding, Denmark
| | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Kent St, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Rønne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hidalgo
- Department of Epidemiology, Ryals School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, Palo Alto, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Rebecca D Jackson
- Division of Endocrinology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Paul-List-Strasse 13/15, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute On Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, 20892-9205, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, 6938501, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, 17676, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 5650871, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, 5650871, Japan
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Saevit Eye Hospital, SeoulIlsan, 03722, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Dept of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Latin American Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, 3584CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Hawkesbury Rd, Sydney, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- School of Medicine, Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Liverpool St, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3002, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, 33521, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- Centre Nutrition, Santé Et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Québec, Canada
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Anke Tönjes
- University of Leipzig Medical Center, Liebigstr. 18, 04103, Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, RheumatologyLeipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, 2308, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Discipline of Internal Medicine, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 24252, Gangwon-Do, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, EwhaWomans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 117609, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute On Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIH 251 Bayview Blvd, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- University of Split School of Medicine, Šoltanska 2, HR-21000, Split, Croatia
- Algebra University College, Ilica 242, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physical Activity and Health, Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, 1628655, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Strada Di Fiume 447, 34149, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, , Traunstein Hospital, Diabetology, RheumatologyTraunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Bettina Jung
- Dept of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, , Traunstein Hospital, Diabetology, RheumatologyTraunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, 75 M. Assias Street, 115 27, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, 124 61, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso" - CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, 17 Hougou Lane, Chong Wen Men, Beijing, 100005, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Kutzerufer 1, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology, Basel, Switzerland
- Privatpraxis Prof Jonas Und Dr Panda-Jonas, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular Y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología Y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, 14080, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, 6000, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ananda R Wickremasinghe
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, 11010, Sri Lanka
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Anneke Iden Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Philips Van Leydenlaan 15, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Human Resource Development Centre, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, 39216, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and Khoo Teck Puat - National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- Office of the Provost, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84132, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 4, P.O.Box 340, 00029, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, 00290, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Josep M Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria C Costanzo
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dongkeun Jang
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Noël P Burtt
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Laboratorio de Inmunogenómica Y Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - EShyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, 33520, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Nish Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dermot F Reilly
- Genetics, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., Kenilworth, NJ, 07033, USA
| | - Amy Jayne McKnight
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, Scotland
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute On Aging, 3001 S. Hanover St., Baltimore, MD, 21225, USA
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zi-Bing Jin
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing, 100730, China
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, SYNLAB Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim and Augsburg, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, 201, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, 5000 Belanger Street, Montreal, PQ, H1T1C8, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333ZA, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Department of General Practice, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Health Behaviours and Chronic Diseases, Amsterdam, 1081HV, the Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Via Galvani 31, 39100, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research On Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 12 South Drive, Room 1025, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Haertelstrasse 16-18, 04107, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik Für Herz- Und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul W Franks
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Verve Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Rte de Berne 113, 1010, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cucca Francesco
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
| | - Lee-Ming Chuang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, No. 7, Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hengtong Li
- Data Science, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, 168751, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) E.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Medical School, University of Exeter, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Allegonda H M Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - LAdrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27516, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Computational Medicine, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Middlesex, UB1 3HW, UK
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 7RH, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, W12 0HS, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Brisbane, QLD, 4006, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science,1:042 Polwarth Building School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Anne E Justice
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, 17822, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 9810, USA
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Washington, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60618, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Research, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Research Centre, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7600, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Division of Genome Science, Department of Precision Medicine, National Institute of Health, Chungcheongbuk-Do, South Korea
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Sæmundargötu 2, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Inc. Sturlugata 8, Reykjavik, 102, Iceland
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - YEugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Boston Children's Hospital, EndocrinologyBoston, MA, 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care Systems, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 801 Massachusetts Ave, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pan-Lizcano R, Mariñas-Pardo L, Núñez L, Rebollal-Leal F, López-Vázquez D, Pereira A, Molina-Nieto A, Calviño R, Vázquez-Rodríguez JM, Hermida-Prieto M. Rare Variants in Genes of the Cholesterol Pathway Are Present in 60% of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416127. [PMID: 36555767 PMCID: PMC9786046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a pandemic in which conventional risk factors are inadequate to detect who is at risk early in the asymptomatic stage. Although gene variants in genes related to cholesterol, which may increase the risk of AMI, have been identified, no studies have systematically screened the genes involved in this pathway. In this study, we included 105 patients diagnosed with AMI with an elevation of the ST segment (STEMI) and treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Using next-generation sequencing, we examined the presence of rare variants in 40 genes proposed to be involved in lipid metabolism and we found that 60% of AMI patients had a rare variant in the genes involved in the cholesterol pathway. Our data show the importance of considering the wide scope of the cholesterol pathway in order to assess the genetic risk related to AMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pan-Lizcano
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Luis Mariñas-Pardo
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), 46002 Valencia, Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, GRINCAR Research Group, Universidade da Coruña, 15403 A Coruña, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-981-178-150
| | - Fernando Rebollal-Leal
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Domingo López-Vázquez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ana Pereira
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Aranzazu Molina-Nieto
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Calviño
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Vázquez-Rodríguez
- Servicio de Cardiología, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
- CIBERCV (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Hermida-Prieto
- Grupo de Investigación en Cardiología, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC-SERGAS), GRINCAR-Universidade da Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chun S, Akle S, Teodosiadis A, Cade BE, Wang H, Sofer T, Evans DS, Stone KL, Gharib SA, Mukherjee S, Palmer LJ, Hillman D, Rotter JI, Hanis CL, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Redline S, Cotsapas C, Sunyaev SR. Leveraging pleiotropy to discover and interpret GWAS results for sleep-associated traits. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010557. [PMID: 36574455 PMCID: PMC9829185 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic association studies of many heritable traits resulting from physiological testing often have modest sample sizes due to the cost and burden of the required phenotyping. This reduces statistical power and limits discovery of multiple genetic associations. We present a strategy to leverage pleiotropy between traits to both discover new loci and to provide mechanistic hypotheses of the underlying pathophysiology. Specifically, we combine a colocalization test with a locus-level test of pleiotropy. In simulations, we show that this approach is highly selective for identifying true pleiotropy driven by the same causative variant, thereby improves the chance to replicate the associations in underpowered validation cohorts and leads to higher interpretability. Here, as an exemplar, we use Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), a common disorder diagnosed using overnight multi-channel physiological testing. We leverage pleiotropy with relevant cellular and cardio-metabolic phenotypes and gene expression traits to map new risk loci in an underpowered OSA GWAS. We identify several pleiotropic loci harboring suggestive associations to OSA and genome-wide significant associations to other traits, and show that their OSA association replicates in independent cohorts of diverse ancestries. By investigating pleiotropic loci, our strategy allows proposing new hypotheses about OSA pathobiology across many physiological layers. For example, we identify and replicate the pleiotropy across the plateletcrit, OSA and an eQTL of DNA primase subunit 1 (PRIM1) in immune cells. We find suggestive links between OSA, a measure of lung function (FEV1/FVC), and an eQTL of matrix metallopeptidase 15 (MMP15) in lung tissue. We also link a previously known genome-wide significant peak for OSA in the hexokinase 1 (HK1) locus to hematocrit and other red blood cell related traits. Thus, the analysis of pleiotropic associations has the potential to assemble diverse phenotypes into a chain of mechanistic hypotheses that provide insight into the pathogenesis of complex human diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Chun
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Akle
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Brian E. Cade
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Heming Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Daniel S. Evans
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Katie L. Stone
- California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Sina A. Gharib
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Computational Medicine Core at Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sutapa Mukherjee
- Respiratory and Sleep Services, Southern Adelaide Local Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Adelaide Institute for Sleep Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lyle J. Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Hillman
- Centre for Sleep Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States of America
| | - Craig L. Hanis
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John A. Stamatoyannopoulos
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chris Cotsapas
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Shamil R. Sunyaev
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Altius Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Causal associations of circulating adiponectin with cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporotic fracture. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6689. [PMID: 35461346 PMCID: PMC9035157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10586-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating adiponectin shows some relationships with the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporotic fracture, but little is known about their causal associations. This two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to explore the causal roles of circulating adiponectin in cardiometabolic diseases and osteoporotic fracture. We used 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with circulating adiponectin as the instrumental variables. Inverse variance weighted, weighted median and MR-Egger regression methods were applied to study the causal associations. The results found that high circulating adiponectin was causally associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes (beta-estimate: -0.030, 95% CI: -0.048 to -0.011, SE: 0.009, P-value = 0.002) and may be the risk factor of coronary artery disease (beta-estimate: 0.012, 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.023, SE: 0.006, P-value = 0.030). No causal associations were seen between circulating adiponectin and other outcomes including heart failure, atrial fibrillation, cerebral ischemia, intracerebral hemorrhage or osteoporotic fracture. This study found the potential causal roles of high circulating adiponectin in reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and increased risk of coronary artery disease, which may help prevent and treat these two diseases.
Collapse
|
7
|
Little A, Hu Y, Sun Q, Jain D, Broome J, Chen MH, Thibord F, McHugh C, Surendran P, Blackwell TW, Brody JA, Bhan A, Chami N, de Vries PS, Ekunwe L, Heard-Costa N, Hobbs BD, Manichaikul A, Moon JY, Preuss MH, Ryan K, Wang Z, Wheeler M, Yanek LR, Abecasis GR, Almasy L, Beaty TH, Becker LC, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Butterworth AS, Choquet H, Correa A, Curran JE, Faraday N, Fornage M, Glahn DC, Hou L, Jorgenson E, Kooperberg C, Lewis JP, Lloyd-Jones DM, Loos RJF, Min YI, Mitchell BD, Morrison AC, Nickerson DA, North KE, O'Connell JR, Pankratz N, Psaty BM, Vasan RS, Rich SS, Rotter JI, Smith AV, Smith NL, Tang H, Tracy RP, Conomos MP, Laurie CA, Mathias RA, Li Y, Auer PL, Thornton T, Reiner AP, Johnson AD, Raffield LM. Whole genome sequence analysis of platelet traits in the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) initiative. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:347-361. [PMID: 34553764 PMCID: PMC8825339 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets play a key role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Platelet count (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV) are highly heritable quantitative traits, with hundreds of genetic signals previously identified, mostly in European ancestry populations. We here utilize whole genome sequencing (WGS) from NHLBI's Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine initiative (TOPMed) in a large multi-ethnic sample to further explore common and rare variation contributing to PLT (n = 61 200) and MPV (n = 23 485). We identified and replicated secondary signals at MPL (rs532784633) and PECAM1 (rs73345162), both more common in African ancestry populations. We also observed rare variation in Mendelian platelet-related disorder genes influencing variation in platelet traits in TOPMed cohorts (not enriched for blood disorders). For example, association of GP9 with lower PLT and higher MPV was partly driven by a pathogenic Bernard-Soulier syndrome variant (rs5030764, p.Asn61Ser), and the signals at TUBB1 and CD36 were partly driven by loss of function variants not annotated as pathogenic in ClinVar (rs199948010 and rs571975065). However, residual signal remained for these gene-based signals after adjusting for lead variants, suggesting that additional variants in Mendelian genes with impacts in general population cohorts remain to be identified. Gene-based signals were also identified at several genome-wide association study identified loci for genes not annotated for Mendelian platelet disorders (PTPRH, TET2, CHEK2), with somatic variation driving the result at TET2. These results highlight the value of WGS in populations of diverse genetic ancestry to identify novel regulatory and coding signals, even for well-studied traits like platelet traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amarise Little
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Yao Hu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Florian Thibord
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Caitlin McHugh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | | | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marsha Wheeler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Lewis C Becker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, School of Medicine, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Yuan-I Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, Human Genetics Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
- Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Department of Pediatrics, The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle WA 98101, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of Biostatistics, Genetics, Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201, USA
| | | | - Timothy Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01702, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu Y, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L, Ruiz-Narváez EA. Admixture mapping of anthropometric traits in the Black Women's Health Study: evidence of a shared African ancestry component with birth weight and type 2 diabetes. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:331-338. [PMID: 35017682 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01010-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and being born with low birth weight are much higher in African American women compared to U.S. white women. Genetic factors may contribute to the excess risk of these conditions. We conducted admixture mapping of body mass index (BMI) at age 18, adult BMI, and adult waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI using 2918 ancestral informative markers in 2596 participants of the Black Women's Health Study. We also searched for evidence of shared African genetic ancestry components among the four examined anthropometric traits and among birth weight and T2D. We found that global percent African ancestry was associated with higher adult BMI. We also found that African ancestry at 9q34 was associated with lower BMI at age 18. Our shared ancestry analysis identified ten genomic regions with local African ancestry associated with multiple traits. Seven out of these ten genomic loci were related to T2D risk. Of special interest is the 12q14-21 region where local African ancestry was associated with low birth weight, low BMI, high BMI-adjusted waist-to-hip ratio, and high T2D risk. Findings in the 12q14-21 genomic locus are consistent with the fetal insulin hypothesis that postulates that low birth weight and T2D have a common genetic basis, and they support the hypothesis of a shared African genetic ancestry component linking low birth weight and T2D in African Americans. Future studies should identify the actual genetic variants responsible for the clustering of these conditions in African Americans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julie R Palmer
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward A Ruiz-Narváez
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Graham SE, Clarke SL, Wu KHH, Kanoni S, Zajac GJM, Ramdas S, Surakka I, Ntalla I, Vedantam S, Winkler TW, Locke AE, Marouli E, Hwang MY, Han S, Narita A, Choudhury A, Bentley AR, Ekoru K, Verma A, Trivedi B, Martin HC, Hunt KA, Hui Q, Klarin D, Zhu X, Thorleifsson G, Helgadottir A, Gudbjartsson DF, Holm H, Olafsson I, Akiyama M, Sakaue S, Terao C, Kanai M, Zhou W, Brumpton BM, Rasheed H, Ruotsalainen SE, Havulinna AS, Veturi Y, Feng Q, Rosenthal EA, Lingren T, Pacheco JA, Pendergrass SA, Haessler J, Giulianini F, Bradford Y, Miller JE, Campbell A, Lin K, Millwood IY, Hindy G, Rasheed A, Faul JD, Zhao W, Weir DR, Turman C, Huang H, Graff M, Mahajan A, Brown MR, Zhang W, Yu K, Schmidt EM, Pandit A, Gustafsson S, Yin X, Luan J, Zhao JH, Matsuda F, Jang HM, Yoon K, Medina-Gomez C, Pitsillides A, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, Wood AR, Ji Y, Gao Z, Haworth S, Mitchell RE, Chai JF, Aadahl M, Yao J, Manichaikul A, Warren HR, Ramirez J, Bork-Jensen J, Kårhus LL, Goel A, Sabater-Lleal M, Noordam R, Sidore C, Fiorillo E, McDaid AF, Marques-Vidal P, Wielscher M, Trompet S, Sattar N, Møllehave LT, Thuesen BH, Munz M, Zeng L, Huang J, Yang B, Poveda A, Kurbasic A, Lamina C, Forer L, Scholz M, Galesloot TE, Bradfield JP, Daw EW, Zmuda JM, Mitchell JS, Fuchsberger C, Christensen H, Brody JA, Feitosa MF, Wojczynski MK, Preuss M, Mangino M, Christofidou P, Verweij N, Benjamins JW, Engmann J, Kember RL, Slieker RC, Lo KS, Zilhao NR, Le P, Kleber ME, Delgado GE, Huo S, Ikeda DD, Iha H, Yang J, Liu J, Leonard HL, Marten J, Schmidt B, Arendt M, Smyth LJ, Cañadas-Garre M, Wang C, Nakatochi M, Wong A, Hutri-Kähönen N, Sim X, Xia R, Huerta-Chagoya A, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Lyssenko V, Ahmed M, Jackson AU, Yousri NA, Irvin MR, Oldmeadow C, Kim HN, Ryu S, Timmers PRHJ, Arbeeva L, Dorajoo R, Lange LA, Chai X, Prasad G, Lorés-Motta L, Pauper M, Long J, Li X, Theusch E, Takeuchi F, Spracklen CN, Loukola A, Bollepalli S, Warner SC, Wang YX, Wei WB, Nutile T, Ruggiero D, Sung YJ, Hung YJ, Chen S, Liu F, Yang J, Kentistou KA, Gorski M, Brumat M, Meidtner K, Bielak LF, Smith JA, Hebbar P, Farmaki AE, Hofer E, Lin M, Xue C, Zhang J, Concas MP, Vaccargiu S, van der Most PJ, Pitkänen N, Cade BE, Lee J, van der Laan SW, Chitrala KN, Weiss S, Zimmermann ME, Lee JY, Choi HS, Nethander M, Freitag-Wolf S, Southam L, Rayner NW, Wang CA, Lin SY, Wang JS, Couture C, Lyytikäinen LP, Nikus K, Cuellar-Partida G, Vestergaard H, Hildalgo B, Giannakopoulou O, Cai Q, Obura MO, van Setten J, Li X, Schwander K, Terzikhan N, Shin JH, Jackson RD, Reiner AP, Martin LW, Chen Z, Li L, Highland HM, Young KL, Kawaguchi T, Thiery J, Bis JC, Nadkarni GN, Launer LJ, Li H, Nalls MA, Raitakari OT, Ichihara S, Wild SH, Nelson CP, Campbell H, Jäger S, Nabika T, Al-Mulla F, Niinikoski H, Braund PS, Kolcic I, Kovacs P, Giardoglou T, Katsuya T, Bhatti KF, de Kleijn D, de Borst GJ, Kim EK, Adams HHH, Ikram MA, Zhu X, Asselbergs FW, Kraaijeveld AO, Beulens JWJ, Shu XO, Rallidis LS, Pedersen O, Hansen T, Mitchell P, Hewitt AW, Kähönen M, Pérusse L, Bouchard C, Tönjes A, Chen YDI, Pennell CE, Mori TA, Lieb W, Franke A, Ohlsson C, Mellström D, Cho YS, Lee H, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Rhee SY, Woo JT, Heid IM, Stark KJ, Völzke H, Homuth G, Evans MK, Zonderman AB, Polasek O, Pasterkamp G, Hoefer IE, Redline S, Pahkala K, Oldehinkel AJ, Snieder H, Biino G, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Chen YE, Bandinelli S, Dedoussis G, Thanaraj TA, Kardia SLR, Kato N, Schulze MB, Girotto G, Jung B, Böger CA, Joshi PK, Bennett DA, De Jager PL, Lu X, Mamakou V, Brown M, Caulfield MJ, Munroe PB, Guo X, Ciullo M, Jonas JB, Samani NJ, Kaprio J, Pajukanta P, Adair LS, Bechayda SA, de Silva HJ, Wickremasinghe AR, Krauss RM, Wu JY, Zheng W, den Hollander AI, Bharadwaj D, Correa A, Wilson JG, Lind L, Heng CK, Nelson AE, Golightly YM, Wilson JF, Penninx B, Kim HL, Attia J, Scott RJ, Rao DC, Arnett DK, Hunt SC, Walker M, Koistinen HA, Chandak GR, Yajnik CS, Mercader JM, Tusié-Luna T, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Villalpando CG, Orozco L, Fornage M, Tai ES, van Dam RM, Lehtimäki T, Chaturvedi N, Yokota M, Liu J, Reilly DF, McKnight AJ, Kee F, Jöckel KH, McCarthy MI, Palmer CNA, Vitart V, Hayward C, Simonsick E, van Duijn CM, Lu F, Qu J, Hishigaki H, Lin X, März W, Parra EJ, Cruz M, Gudnason V, Tardif JC, Lettre G, 't Hart LM, Elders PJM, Damrauer SM, Kumari M, Kivimaki M, van der Harst P, Spector TD, Loos RJF, Province MA, Psaty BM, Brandslund I, Pramstaller PP, Christensen K, Ripatti S, Widén E, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Kiemeney LALM, de Graaf J, Loeffler M, Kronenberg F, Gu D, Erdmann J, Schunkert H, Franks PW, Linneberg A, Jukema JW, Khera AV, Männikkö M, Jarvelin MR, Kutalik Z, Cucca F, Mook-Kanamori DO, van Dijk KW, Watkins H, Strachan DP, Grarup N, Sever P, Poulter N, Rotter JI, Dantoft TM, Karpe F, Neville MJ, Timpson NJ, Cheng CY, Wong TY, Khor CC, Sabanayagam C, Peters A, Gieger C, Hattersley AT, Pedersen NL, Magnusson PKE, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC, Cupples LA, van Meurs JBJ, Ghanbari M, Gordon-Larsen P, Huang W, Kim YJ, Tabara Y, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Zeggini E, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Ingelsson E, Abecasis G, Chambers JC, Kooner JS, de Vries PS, Morrison AC, North KE, Daviglus M, Kraft P, Martin NG, Whitfield JB, Abbas S, Saleheen D, Walters RG, Holmes MV, Black C, Smith BH, Justice AE, Baras A, Buring JE, Ridker PM, Chasman DI, Kooperberg C, Wei WQ, Jarvik GP, Namjou B, Hayes MG, Ritchie MD, Jousilahti P, Salomaa V, Hveem K, Åsvold BO, Kubo M, Kamatani Y, Okada Y, Murakami Y, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Ho YL, Lynch JA, Rader DJ, Tsao PS, Chang KM, Cho K, O'Donnell CJ, Gaziano JM, Wilson P, Rotimi CN, Hazelhurst S, Ramsay M, Trembath RC, van Heel DA, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Kim BJ, Mohlke KL, Frayling TM, Hirschhorn JN, Kathiresan S, Boehnke M, Natarajan P, Peloso GM, Brown CD, Morris AP, Assimes TL, Deloukas P, Sun YV, Willer CJ. The power of genetic diversity in genome-wide association studies of lipids. Nature 2021; 600:675-679. [PMID: 34887591 PMCID: PMC8730582 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04064-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 349] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased blood lipid levels are heritable risk factors of cardiovascular disease with varied prevalence worldwide owing to different dietary patterns and medication use1. Despite advances in prevention and treatment, in particular through reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels2, heart disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide3. Genome-wideassociation studies (GWAS) of blood lipid levels have led to important biological and clinical insights, as well as new drug targets, for cardiovascular disease. However, most previous GWAS4-23 have been conducted in European ancestry populations and may have missed genetic variants that contribute to lipid-level variation in other ancestry groups. These include differences in allele frequencies, effect sizes and linkage-disequilibrium patterns24. Here we conduct a multi-ancestry, genome-wide genetic discovery meta-analysis of lipid levels in approximately 1.65 million individuals, including 350,000 of non-European ancestries. We quantify the gain in studying non-European ancestries and provide evidence to support the expansion of recruitment of additional ancestries, even with relatively small sample sizes. We find that increasing diversity rather than studying additional individuals of European ancestry results in substantial improvements in fine-mapping functional variants and portability of polygenic prediction (evaluated in approximately 295,000 individuals from 7 ancestry groupings). Modest gains in the number of discovered loci and ancestry-specific variants were also achieved. As GWAS expand emphasis beyond the identification of genes and fundamental biology towards the use of genetic variants for preventive and precision medicine25, we anticipate that increased diversity of participants will lead to more accurate and equitable26 application of polygenic scores in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kuan-Han H Wu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Greg J M Zajac
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shweta Ramdas
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sailaja Vedantam
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas W Winkler
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Adam E Locke
- McDonnell Genome Institute and Department of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Eirini Marouli
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mi Yeong Hwang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Sohee Han
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ananyo Choudhury
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amy R Bentley
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth Ekoru
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anurag Verma
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bhavi Trivedi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Karen A Hunt
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qin Hui
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Derek Klarin
- Malcolm Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiang Zhu
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Isleifur Olafsson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Landspitali-National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Masato Akiyama
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Sakaue
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ben M Brumpton
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Humaira Rasheed
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sanni E Ruotsalainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yogasudha Veturi
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - QiPing Feng
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elisabeth A Rosenthal
- Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Todd Lingren
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Haessler
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuki Bradford
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jason E Miller
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - George Hindy
- Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University College of Medicine, QU Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Constance Turman
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mariaelisa Graff
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael R Brown
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ketian Yu
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hye-Mi Jang
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Kyungheon Yoon
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Achilleas Pitsillides
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jouke Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew R Wood
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Yingji Ji
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Zishan Gao
- Department of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ruth E Mitchell
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jin Fang Chai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mette Aadahl
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Julia Ramirez
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line L Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Sabater-Lleal
- Group of Genomics of Complex Diseases, Research Institute of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari,, Italy
| | - Edoardo Fiorillo
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Lanusei, Italy
| | - Aaron F McDaid
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - Line T Møllehave
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Betina H Thuesen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias Munz
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Berlin Institute of Health, Institute for Dental and Craniofacial Sciences, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lingyao Zeng
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jianfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Claudia Lamina
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lukas Forer
- Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tessel E Galesloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joseph M Zmuda
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan S Mitchell
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Christian Fuchsberger
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Henry Christensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary F Feitosa
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mary K Wojczynski
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W Benjamins
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorgen Engmann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Sin Lo
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Phuong Le
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab MVZ Humangenetik Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graciela E Delgado
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shaofeng Huo
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Daisuke D Ikeda
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Iha
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Jian Yang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Advanced Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hampton L Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Marten
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marina Arendt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laura J Smyth
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Chaolong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Masahiro Nakatochi
- Public Health Informatics Unit, Department of Integrated Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andrew Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, London, UK
| | - Nina Hutri-Kähönen
- Department of Pediatrics, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Xueling Sim
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Xia
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez
- Departamento de Genómica Computacional, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Center for Diabetes Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden
| | - Meraj Ahmed
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Noha A Yousri
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Computer and Systems Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - Han-Na Kim
- Medical Research Institute, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul R H J Timmers
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Liubov Arbeeva
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaoran Chai
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gauri Prasad
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Laura Lorés-Motta
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Pauper
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jirong Long
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA,, USA
| | | | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, MA,, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sailalitha Bollepalli
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophie C Warner
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ya Xing Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen B Wei
- Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Teresa Nutile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Ruggiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Yun Ju Sung
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tri-Service General Hospital Songshan Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shufeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fangchao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mathias Gorski
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marco Brumat
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Karina Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Prashantha Hebbar
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Pina Concas
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Simona Vaccargiu
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council of Italy, UOS of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Peter J van der Most
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Niina Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Brian E Cade
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jiwon Lee
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, NIA, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martina E Zimmermann
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Hyeok Sun Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Maria Nethander
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Freitag-Wolf
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism, Oxford, UK
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Sing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kjell Nikus
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Cardiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Gabriel Cuellar-Partida
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Henrik Vestergaard
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Bornholms Hospital, Ronne, Denmark
| | - Bertha Hildalgo
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Morgan O Obura
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jessica van Setten
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Karen Schwander
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae Hun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | | | | | - Lisa Warsinger Martin
- School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Young
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Takahisa Kawaguchi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Joachim Thiery
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Girish N Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Huaixing Li
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Mike A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Sahoko Ichihara
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Japan
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Christopher P Nelson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Jäger
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Toru Nabika
- Department of Functional Pathology, Shimane University School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Harri Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Physiology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ivana Kolcic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tota Giardoglou
- Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, Harokopio University, Eleftheriou Venizelou, Athens, Greece
| | - Tomohiro Katsuya
- Department of Clinical Gene Therapy, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Geriatric and General Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konain Fatima Bhatti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dominique de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Division of Surgical Specialties, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan O Kraaijeveld
- Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joline W J Beulens
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Loukianos S Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Center for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Louis Pérusse
- Department of Kinesiology, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III-Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Drug Treatment, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dan Mellström
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Yoon Shin Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyejin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sang Youl Rhee
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong-Taek Woo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Iris M Heid
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus J Stark
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Henry Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University of Greifswald and University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michele K Evans
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alan B Zonderman
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, NIH Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Imo E Hoefer
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Redline
- Sleep Medicine and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Katja Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Biino
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council of Italy, Pavia, Italy
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Norihiro Kato
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giorgia Girotto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Bettina Jung
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Carsten A Böger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Diabetology, Rheumatology, Traunstein Hospital, Traunstein, Germany
- KfH Kidney Center Traunstein, Traunstein, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Xiangfeng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Vasiliki Mamakou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University Athens, Athens, Greece
- Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Morris Brown
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Marina Ciullo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso"-CNR, Naples, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - Jost B Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Pajukanta
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linda S Adair
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sonny Augustin Bechayda
- USC-Office of Population Studies Foundation, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
- Department of Anthropology, Sociology, and History, University of San Carlos, Cebu City, Philippines
| | - H Janaka de Silva
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Ronald M Krauss
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jer-Yuarn Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Zheng
- Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anneke I den Hollander
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dwaipayan Bharadwaj
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology Campus, New Delhi, India
- Systems Genomics Laboratory, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - James G Wilson
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Chew-Kiat Heng
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amanda E Nelson
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yvonne M Golightly
- Thurston Arthritis Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Physical Therapy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brenda Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hyung-Lae Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - John Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D C Rao
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Donna K Arnett
- University of Kentucky, College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Steven C Hunt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Mark Walker
- Institute of Cellular Medicine (Diabetes), The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- University of Helsinki and Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giriraj R Chandak
- Genomic Research on Complex Diseases (GRC Group), CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | | | - Josep M Mercader
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa Tusié-Luna
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico
- Unidad de Biología Molecular y Medicina Genómica, Instituto de Investigaciones Bimédicas UNAM/ Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas
- Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
- Dirección de Nutrición and Unidad de Estudios de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - Lorena Orozco
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - E Shyong Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | | | | | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometrie and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Population Health and Genomics, University of Dundee, Ninwells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Eleanor Simonsick
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Fan Lu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jia Qu
- The Eye Hospital, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haretsugu Hishigaki
- Biomedical Technology Research Center, Tokushima Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab, Mannheim, Germany
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Esteban J Parra
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miguel Cruz
- Unidad de Investigacion Medica en Bioquimica, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico, Mexico
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medecine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Leen M 't Hart
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Section Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra J M Elders
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of General Practice and Elderly Care, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Scott M Damrauer
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meena Kumari
- Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Essex, Essex, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Departments of Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanent Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Institute for Biomedicine, Eurac Research, Affiliated Institute of the University of Lübeck, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widén
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lambertus A L M Kiemeney
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline de Graaf
- Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Markus Loeffler
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- German Chronic Kidney Disease Study, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Genetics and Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, DZHK (German Research Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, and University Heart Center Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Amit V Khera
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Northern Finland Birth Cohorts, Infrastructure for Population Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter of Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Zoltan Kutalik
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, Italian National Council of Research (IRGB CNR), Cagliari, Italy
- University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovations (Formerly LABioMed) at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Matt J Neville
- OCDEM, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tien-Yin Wong
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Ocular Epidemiology, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eco J C de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Framingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Penny Gordon-Larsen
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center at Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Young Jin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Yasuharu Tabara
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust, Southall, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martha Daviglus
- Institute for Minority Health Research, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - John B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shahid Abbas
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faislabad, Pakistan
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robin G Walters
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals, Oxford, UK
| | - Corri Black
- Aberdeen Centre for Health Data Science, School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Anne E Justice
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Wei-Qi Wei
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bahram Namjou
- Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Bjørn Olav Åsvold
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Endocrinology, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukinori Okada
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Yuk-Lam Ho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lynch
- VA Informatics and Computing Infrastructure, VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Cho
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Gaziano
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Wilson
- Atlanta VA Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Charles N Rotimi
- Center for Research on Genomics and Global Health, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Scott Hazelhurst
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michèle Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Human Genetics, National Health Laboratory Service and School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Richard C Trembath
- School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - David A van Heel
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Bong-Jo Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Genome Science, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si, South Korea
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Program of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistics Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher D Brown
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Themistocles L Assimes
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Atlanta VA Health Care System, Decatur, GA, USA
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mikhaylova AV, McHugh CP, Polfus LM, Raffield LM, Boorgula MP, Blackwell TW, Brody JA, Broome J, Chami N, Chen MH, Conomos MP, Cox C, Curran JE, Daya M, Ekunwe L, Glahn DC, Heard-Costa N, Highland HM, Hobbs BD, Ilboudo Y, Jain D, Lange LA, Miller-Fleming TW, Min N, Moon JY, Preuss MH, Rosen J, Ryan K, Smith AV, Sun Q, Surendran P, de Vries PS, Walter K, Wang Z, Wheeler M, Yanek LR, Zhong X, Abecasis GR, Almasy L, Barnes KC, Beaty TH, Becker LC, Blangero J, Boerwinkle E, Butterworth AS, Chavan S, Cho MH, Choquet H, Correa A, Cox N, DeMeo DL, Faraday N, Fornage M, Gerszten RE, Hou L, Johnson AD, Jorgenson E, Kaplan R, Kooperberg C, Kundu K, Laurie CA, Lettre G, Lewis JP, Li B, Li Y, Lloyd-Jones DM, Loos RJF, Manichaikul A, Meyers DA, Mitchell BD, Morrison AC, Ngo D, Nickerson DA, Nongmaithem S, North KE, O'Connell JR, Ortega VE, Pankratz N, Perry JA, Psaty BM, Rich SS, Soranzo N, Rotter JI, Silverman EK, Smith NL, Tang H, Tracy RP, Thornton TA, Vasan RS, Zein J, Mathias RA, Reiner AP, Auer PL. Whole-genome sequencing in diverse subjects identifies genetic correlates of leukocyte traits: The NHLBI TOPMed program. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1836-1851. [PMID: 34582791 PMCID: PMC8546043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Many common and rare variants associated with hematologic traits have been discovered through imputation on large-scale reference panels. However, the majority of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been conducted in Europeans, and determining causal variants has proved challenging. We performed a GWAS of total leukocyte, neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil counts generated from 109,563,748 variants in the autosomes and the X chromosome in the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program, which included data from 61,802 individuals of diverse ancestry. We discovered and replicated 7 leukocyte trait associations, including (1) the association between a chromosome X, pseudo-autosomal region (PAR), noncoding variant located between cytokine receptor genes (CSF2RA and CLRF2) and lower eosinophil count; and (2) associations between single variants found predominantly among African Americans at the S1PR3 (9q22.1) and HBB (11p15.4) loci and monocyte and lymphocyte counts, respectively. We further provide evidence indicating that the newly discovered eosinophil-lowering chromosome X PAR variant might be associated with reduced susceptibility to common allergic diseases such as atopic dermatitis and asthma. Additionally, we found a burden of very rare FLT3 (13q12.2) variants associated with monocyte counts. Together, these results emphasize the utility of whole-genome sequencing in diverse samples in identifying associations missed by European-ancestry-driven GWASs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Asthma/epidemiology
- Asthma/genetics
- Asthma/metabolism
- Asthma/pathology
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/epidemiology
- Dermatitis, Atopic/genetics
- Dermatitis, Atopic/metabolism
- Dermatitis, Atopic/pathology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome, Human
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Humans
- Leukocytes/pathology
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.)
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Prognosis
- Proteome/analysis
- Proteome/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/genetics
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- United Kingdom/epidemiology
- United States/epidemiology
- Whole Genome Sequencing
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Mikhaylova
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Caitlin P McHugh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Linda M Polfus
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meher Preethi Boorgula
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Corey Cox
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Michelle Daya
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02155, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Heather M Highland
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yann Ilboudo
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tyne W Miller-Fleming
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Nancy Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jonathon Rosen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Marsha Wheeler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Xue Zhong
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kathleen C Barnes
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Sameer Chavan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94601, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Nancy Cox
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Institute for Public Health and Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | | | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montréal Heart Institute, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of Biostatistics, Genetics, and Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Donald M Lloyd-Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, USA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60661, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Geriatrics Research and Education Clinical Center, Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debby Ngo
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Deborah A Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Suraj Nongmaithem
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Victor E Ortega
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James A Perry
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Health Service, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, Colchester, VT 05446, USA
| | - Timothy A Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joe Zein
- Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McCaffrey TA, Toma I, Yang Z, Katz R, Reiner J, Mazhari R, Shah P, Tackett M, Jones D, Jepson T, Falk Z, Wargodsky R, Shtakalo D, Antonets D, Ertle J, Kim JH, Lai Y, Arslan Z, Aledort E, Alfaraidy M, Laurent GS. RNA sequencing of blood in coronary artery disease: involvement of regulatory T cell imbalance. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:216. [PMID: 34479557 PMCID: PMC8414682 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular disease had a global prevalence of 523 million cases and 18.6 million deaths in 2019. The current standard for diagnosing coronary artery disease (CAD) is coronary angiography. Surprisingly, despite well-established clinical indications, up to 40% of the one million invasive cardiac catheterizations return a result of 'no blockage'. The present studies employed RNA sequencing of whole blood to identify an RNA signature in patients with angiographically confirmed CAD. METHODS Whole blood RNA was depleted of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and analyzed by single-molecule sequencing of RNA (RNAseq) to identify transcripts associated with CAD (TRACs) in a discovery group of 96 patients presenting for elective coronary catheterization. The resulting transcript counts were compared between groups to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). RESULTS Surprisingly, 98% of DEGs/TRACs were down-regulated ~ 1.7-fold in patients with mild to severe CAD (> 20% stenosis). The TRACs were independent of comorbid risk factors for CAD, such as sex, hypertension, and smoking. Bioinformatic analysis identified an enrichment in transcripts such as FoxP1, ICOSLG, IKZF4/Eos, SMYD3, TRIM28, and TCF3/E2A that are likely markers of regulatory T cells (Treg), consistent with known reductions in Tregs in CAD. A validation cohort of 80 patients confirmed the overall pattern (92% down-regulation) and supported many of the Treg-related changes. TRACs were enriched for transcripts associated with stress granules, which sequester RNAs, and ciliary and synaptic transcripts, possibly consistent with changes in the immune synapse of developing T cells. CONCLUSIONS These studies identify a novel mRNA signature of a Treg-like defect in CAD patients and provides a blueprint for a diagnostic test for CAD. The pattern of changes is consistent with stress-related changes in the maturation of T and Treg cells, possibly due to changes in the immune synapse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A McCaffrey
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
- The St. Laurent Institute, Vancouver, WA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
- True Bearing Diagnostics, Washington, DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Ian Toma
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
- True Bearing Diagnostics, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zhaoquing Yang
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Richard Katz
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Jonathan Reiner
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ramesh Mazhari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Palak Shah
- Inova Heart and Vascular Institute, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Tisha Jepson
- SeqLL, Inc., Woburn, MA, USA
- The St. Laurent Institute, Vancouver, WA, USA
- True Bearing Diagnostics, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zachary Falk
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Richard Wargodsky
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Dmitry Shtakalo
- A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, 6, Acad. Lavrentjeva Ave, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Denis Antonets
- A.P. Ershov Institute of Informatics Systems SB RAS, 6, Acad. Lavrentjeva Ave, Novosibirsk, Russia, 630090
| | - Justin Ertle
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Ju H Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University , Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Yinglei Lai
- Department of Statistics, Biostatistics Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Zeynep Arslan
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Emily Aledort
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | - Maha Alfaraidy
- Division of Genomic Medicine, Department of Medicine, The George Washington Medical Center, The George Washington University, 2300 I Street NW, Ross Hall 443A, Washington, DC, 20037, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Prioritization of candidate causal genes for asthma in susceptibility loci derived from UK Biobank. Commun Biol 2021; 4:700. [PMID: 34103634 PMCID: PMC8187656 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02227-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify candidate causal genes of asthma, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in UK Biobank on a broad asthma definition (n = 56,167 asthma cases and 352,255 controls). We then carried out functional mapping through transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) and Mendelian randomization in lung (n = 1,038) and blood (n = 31,684) tissues. The GWAS reveals 72 asthma-associated loci from 116 independent significant variants (PGWAS < 5.0E-8). The most significant lung TWAS gene on 17q12-q21 is GSDMB (PTWAS = 1.42E-54). Other TWAS genes include TSLP on 5q22, RERE on 1p36, CLEC16A on 16p13, and IL4R on 16p12, which all replicated in GTEx lung (n = 515). We demonstrate that the largest fold enrichment of regulatory and functional annotations among asthma-associated variants is in the blood. We map 485 blood eQTL-regulated genes associated with asthma and 50 of them are causal by Mendelian randomization. Prioritization of druggable genes reveals known (IL4R, TSLP, IL6, TNFSF4) and potentially new therapeutic targets for asthma.
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu Y, Stilp AM, McHugh CP, Rao S, Jain D, Zheng X, Lane J, Méric de Bellefon S, Raffield LM, Chen MH, Yanek LR, Wheeler M, Yao Y, Ren C, Broome J, Moon JY, de Vries PS, Hobbs BD, Sun Q, Surendran P, Brody JA, Blackwell TW, Choquet H, Ryan K, Duggirala R, Heard-Costa N, Wang Z, Chami N, Preuss MH, Min N, Ekunwe L, Lange LA, Cushman M, Faraday N, Curran JE, Almasy L, Kundu K, Smith AV, Gabriel S, Rotter JI, Fornage M, Lloyd-Jones DM, Vasan RS, Smith NL, North KE, Boerwinkle E, Becker LC, Lewis JP, Abecasis GR, Hou L, O'Connell JR, Morrison AC, Beaty TH, Kaplan R, Correa A, Blangero J, Jorgenson E, Psaty BM, Kooperberg C, Walton RT, Kleinstiver BP, Tang H, Loos RJF, Soranzo N, Butterworth AS, Nickerson D, Rich SS, Mitchell BD, Johnson AD, Auer PL, Li Y, Mathias RA, Lettre G, Pankratz N, Laurie CC, Laurie CA, Bauer DE, Conomos MP, Reiner AP. Whole-genome sequencing association analysis of quantitative red blood cell phenotypes: The NHLBI TOPMed program. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:874-893. [PMID: 33887194 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS), a powerful tool for detecting novel coding and non-coding disease-causing variants, has largely been applied to clinical diagnosis of inherited disorders. Here we leveraged WGS data in up to 62,653 ethnically diverse participants from the NHLBI Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program and assessed statistical association of variants with seven red blood cell (RBC) quantitative traits. We discovered 14 single variant-RBC trait associations at 12 genomic loci, which have not been reported previously. Several of the RBC trait-variant associations (RPN1, ELL2, MIDN, HBB, HBA1, PIEZO1, and G6PD) were replicated in independent GWAS datasets imputed to the TOPMed reference panel. Most of these discovered variants are rare/low frequency, and several are observed disproportionately among non-European Ancestry (African, Hispanic/Latino, or East Asian) populations. We identified a 3 bp indel p.Lys2169del (g.88717175_88717177TCT[4]) (common only in the Ashkenazi Jewish population) of PIEZO1, a gene responsible for the Mendelian red cell disorder hereditary xerocytosis (MIM: 194380), associated with higher mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). In stepwise conditional analysis and in gene-based rare variant aggregated association analysis, we identified several of the variants in HBB, HBA1, TMPRSS6, and G6PD that represent the carrier state for known coding, promoter, or splice site loss-of-function variants that cause inherited RBC disorders. Finally, we applied base and nuclease editing to demonstrate that the sentinel variant rs112097551 (nearest gene RPN1) acts through a cis-regulatory element that exerts long-range control of the gene RUVBL1 which is essential for hematopoiesis. Together, these results demonstrate the utility of WGS in ethnically diverse population-based samples and gene editing for expanding knowledge of the genetic architecture of quantitative hematologic traits and suggest a continuum between complex trait and Mendelian red cell disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Adrienne M Stilp
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Caitlin P McHugh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Shuquan Rao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Xiuwen Zheng
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - John Lane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | | | - Laura M Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ming-Huei Chen
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Lisa R Yanek
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Marsha Wheeler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chunyan Ren
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jai Broome
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Jee-Young Moon
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine and Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Quan Sun
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Thomas W Blackwell
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94601, USA
| | - Kathleen Ryan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Ravindranath Duggirala
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Nancy Heard-Costa
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nathalie Chami
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nancy Min
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Lynette Ekunwe
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Leslie A Lange
- Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, School of Medicine University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Mary Cushman
- Department of Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Nauder Faraday
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joanne E Curran
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Genetics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kousik Kundu
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Albert V Smith
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA; Departments of Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nicholas L Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Research and Development, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Kari E North
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lewis C Becker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Joshua P Lewis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- TOPMed Informatics Research Center, University of Michigan, Department of Biostatistics, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lifang Hou
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jeffrey R O'Connell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Terri H Beaty
- School of Public Health, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Robert Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - John Blangero
- Department of Human Genetics and South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA
| | - Eric Jorgenson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA 94601, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Kaiser Permanente Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Russell T Walton
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Benjamin P Kleinstiver
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hua Tang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Debbie Nickerson
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Braxton D Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Nutrition, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's and Boston University's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA 01701, USA
| | - Paul L Auer
- Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53205, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Departments of Biostatistics, Genetics, Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Rasika A Mathias
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MA 21205, USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- Montreal Heart Institute, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada; Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Cathy C Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Cecelia A Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Broad Institute, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Matthew P Conomos
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | - Alexander P Reiner
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Charon C, Allodji R, Meyer V, Deleuze JF. Impact of pre- and post-variant filtration strategies on imputation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6214. [PMID: 33737531 PMCID: PMC7973508 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85333-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Quality control (QC) methods for genome-wide association studies and fine mapping are commonly used for imputation, however they result in loss of many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To investigate the consequences of filtration on imputation, we studied the direct effects on the number of markers, their allele frequencies, imputation quality scores and post-filtration events. We pre-phrased 1031 genotyped individuals from diverse ethnicities and compared the imputed variants to 1089 NCBI recorded individuals for additional validation. Without QC-based variant pre-filtration, we observed no impairment in the imputation of SNPs that failed QC whereas with pre-filtration there was an overall loss of information. Significant differences between frequencies with and without pre-filtration were found only in the range of very rare (5E-04-1E-03) and rare variants (1E-03-5E-03) (p < 1E-04). Increasing the post-filtration imputation quality score from 0.3 to 0.8 reduced the number of single nucleotide variants (SNVs) < 0.001 2.5 fold with or without QC pre-filtration and halved the number of very rare variants (5E-04). Thus, to maintain confidence and enough SNVs, we propose here a two-step filtering procedure which allows less stringent filtering prior to imputation and post-imputation in order to increase the number of very rare and rare variants compared to conservative filtration methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Charon
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Institut François Jacob, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France.
| | - Rodrigue Allodji
- Radiation Epidemiology Group CESP, Inserm Unit 1018, Gustave Roussy Université Paris Saclay, 114 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Institut François Jacob, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- CEA Paris-Saclay, Institut François Jacob, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 2 rue Gaston Crémieux, Evry, 91057, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lagou V, Mägi R, Hottenga JJ, Grallert H, Perry JRB, Bouatia-Naji N, Marullo L, Rybin D, Jansen R, Min JL, Dimas AS, Ulrich A, Zudina L, Gådin JR, Jiang L, Faggian A, Bonnefond A, Fadista J, Stathopoulou MG, Isaacs A, Willems SM, Navarro P, Tanaka T, Jackson AU, Montasser ME, O'Connell JR, Bielak LF, Webster RJ, Saxena R, Stafford JM, Pourcain BS, Timpson NJ, Salo P, Shin SY, Amin N, Smith AV, Li G, Verweij N, Goel A, Ford I, Johnson PCD, Johnson T, Kapur K, Thorleifsson G, Strawbridge RJ, Rasmussen-Torvik LJ, Esko T, Mihailov E, Fall T, Fraser RM, Mahajan A, Kanoni S, Giedraitis V, Kleber ME, Silbernagel G, Meyer J, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ganna A, Sarin AP, Yengo L, Shungin D, Luan J, Horikoshi M, An P, Sanna S, Boettcher Y, Rayner NW, Nolte IM, Zemunik T, Iperen EV, Kovacs P, Hastie ND, Wild SH, McLachlan S, Campbell S, Polasek O, Carlson O, Egan J, Kiess W, Willemsen G, Kuusisto J, Laakso M, Dimitriou M, Hicks AA, Rauramaa R, Bandinelli S, Thorand B, Liu Y, Miljkovic I, Lind L, Doney A, Perola M, Hingorani A, Kivimaki M, Kumari M, Bennett AJ, Groves CJ, Herder C, Koistinen HA, Kinnunen L, Faire UD, Bakker SJL, Uusitupa M, Palmer CNA, Jukema JW, Sattar N, Pouta A, Snieder H, Boerwinkle E, Pankow JS, Magnusson PK, Krus U, Scapoli C, de Geus EJCN, Blüher M, Wolffenbuttel BHR, Province MA, Abecasis GR, Meigs JB, Hovingh GK, Lindström J, Wilson JF, Wright AF, Dedoussis GV, Bornstein SR, Schwarz PEH, Tönjes A, Winkelmann BR, Boehm BO, März W, Metspalu A, Price JF, Deloukas P, Körner A, Lakka TA, Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi SM, Saaristo TE, Bergman RN, Tuomilehto J, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Männistö S, Franks PW, Hayward C, Vitart V, Kaprio J, Visvikis-Siest S, Balkau B, Altshuler D, Rudan I, Stumvoll M, Campbell H, van Duijn CM, Gieger C, Illig T, Ferrucci L, Pedersen NL, Pramstaller PP, Boehnke M, Frayling TM, Shuldiner AR, Peyser PA, Kardia SLR, Palmer LJ, Penninx BW, Meneton P, Harris TB, Navis G, Harst PVD, Smith GD, Forouhi NG, Loos RJF, Salomaa V, Soranzo N, Boomsma DI, Groop L, Tuomi T, Hofman A, Munroe PB, Gudnason V, Siscovick DS, Watkins H, Lecoeur C, Vollenweider P, Franco-Cereceda A, Eriksson P, Jarvelin MR, Stefansson K, Hamsten A, Nicholson G, Karpe F, Dermitzakis ET, Lindgren CM, McCarthy MI, Froguel P, Kaakinen MA, Lyssenko V, Watanabe RM, Ingelsson E, Florez JC, Dupuis J, Barroso I, Morris AP, Prokopenko I. Sex-dimorphic genetic effects and novel loci for fasting glucose and insulin variability. Nat Commun 2021; 12:24. [PMID: 33402679 PMCID: PMC7785747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differences between sexes contribute to variation in the levels of fasting glucose and insulin. Epidemiological studies established a higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in men and impaired glucose tolerance in women, however, the genetic component underlying this phenomenon is not established. We assess sex-dimorphic (73,089/50,404 women and 67,506/47,806 men) and sex-combined (151,188/105,056 individuals) fasting glucose/fasting insulin genetic effects via genome-wide association study meta-analyses in individuals of European descent without diabetes. Here we report sex dimorphism in allelic effects on fasting insulin at IRS1 and ZNF12 loci, the latter showing higher RNA expression in whole blood in women compared to men. We also observe sex-homogeneous effects on fasting glucose at seven novel loci. Fasting insulin in women shows stronger genetic correlations than in men with waist-to-hip ratio and anorexia nervosa. Furthermore, waist-to-hip ratio is causally related to insulin resistance in women, but not in men. These results position dissection of metabolic and glycemic health sex dimorphism as a steppingstone for understanding differences in genetic effects between women and men in related phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Lagou
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Adaptive Immunity, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jouke- Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harald Grallert
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - John R B Perry
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center PARCC, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Letizia Marullo
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Denis Rybin
- Boston University Data Coordinating Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Antigone S Dimas
- Institute for Bioinnovation, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Al. Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Anna Ulrich
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Jesper R Gådin
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Longda Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | | | - Amélie Bonnefond
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Joao Fadista
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Aaron Isaacs
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases and Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sara M Willems
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pau Navarro
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - May E Montasser
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeff R O'Connell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca J Webster
- Laboratory for Cancer Medicine, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia Centre for Medical Research, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richa Saxena
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Departmentartment of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, MGH, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeanette M Stafford
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Perttu Salo
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert V Smith
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Guo Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anuj Goel
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul C D Johnson
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health & Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Toby Johnson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Karen Kapur
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Rona J Strawbridge
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura J Rasmussen-Torvik
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Evelin Mihailov
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Tove Fall
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ross M Fraser
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Synpromics Ltd, Roslin Innovation Centre, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Vilmantas Giedraitis
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marcus E Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günther Silbernagel
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Meyer
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology,Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Epidemiology and Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55101, Mainz, Germany
| | - Andrea Ganna
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Antti-Pekka Sarin
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Loic Yengo
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Dmitry Shungin
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Momoko Horikoshi
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- RIKEN, Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Endocrinology, Metabolism and Kidney Disease, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ping An
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica, CNR, Monserrato, Italy
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Boettcher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ilja M Nolte
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erik van Iperen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Kovacs
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicholas D Hastie
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Susan Campbell
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Olga Carlson
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Josephine Egan
- Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wieland Kiess
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Pediatric Research Center, Department of Women's & Child Health, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Maria Dimitriou
- Department of Dietetics-Nutrition, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew A Hicks
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Barbara Thorand
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Iva Miljkovic
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Aging and Population Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Akademiska sjukhuset, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Alex Doney
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Public Health Genomics Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aroon Hingorani
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Meena Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Amanda J Bennett
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J Groves
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christian Herder
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, P.O. Box 340, Haartmaninkatu 4, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Tukholmankatu 8, Helsinki, FI-00290, Finland
| | - Leena Kinnunen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Ulf de Faire
- Division of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stephan J L Bakker
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Pat McPherson Centre for Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics, Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Dept of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anneli Pouta
- Department of Government Services, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Harold Snieder
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- IMM Center for Human Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James S Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MiI, USA
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Krus
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Chiara Scapoli
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Eco J C N de Geus
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, VU University medical center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bruce H R Wolffenbuttel
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Goncalo R Abecasis
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - G Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Novo Nordisk A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Diabetes Prevention Unit, Helsinki, Finland
| | - James F Wilson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alan F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Stefan R Bornstein
- Department of Medicine, Division for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter E H Schwarz
- Department for Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Bernhard O Boehm
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University Singapore and Imperial College London, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winfried März
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Synlab Academy, Synlab Holding Deutschland GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Antje Körner
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirkka M Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi
- Faculty of Medicine, Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of General Practice, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo E Saaristo
- Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland
- Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland
| | - Richard N Bergman
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria
- Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Units of Medicine and Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Veronique Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Beverley Balkau
- Inserm, CESP Center for Research in Epidemiology and Public Health, U1018, Villejuif, France
- Univ Paris-Saclay, Univ Paris Sud, UVSQ, UMRS 1018, UMRS 1018, Villejuif, France
| | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- IFB AdiposityDiseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Centre for Medical Systems Biology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD, München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Hannover Unified Biobank, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter P Pramstaller
- Center for Biomedicine, European Academy Bozen/Bolzano (EURAC) (Affiliated Institute of the University of LübeckLübeckGermany), Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, General Central Hospital, Bolzano, Italy
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Genetics of Complex Traits, Peninsula Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Alan R Shuldiner
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Regeneron Genetics Center, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY, USA
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lyle J Palmer
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pierre Meneton
- U872 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Geriatric Epidemiology Section, Laboratory of Epidemiology, Demography, and Biometry, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leif Groop
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Endocrinology, Abdominal Centre, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki and Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Consortium for healthy ageing, the Hague, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- NIHR Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hugh Watkins
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cecile Lecoeur
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Franco-Cereceda
- Cardiothoracic Surgery Unit, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and HPA-MRC Center, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Institue of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Anders Hamsten
- Cardiovascular Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, 340 Point San Bruno Boulevard, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Philippe Froguel
- University of Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
- CNRS UMR8199, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Marika A Kaakinen
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Valeriya Lyssenko
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Richard M Watanabe
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology & Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- USC Diabetes and Obesity Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jose C Florez
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Research Center, Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Inês Barroso
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, UK
- Exeter Centre of ExcEllence in Diabetes (ExCEED), University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Inga Prokopenko
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Federal Research Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, Russian Federation.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Surendran P, Feofanova EV, Lahrouchi N, Ntalla I, Karthikeyan S, Cook J, Chen L, Mifsud B, Yao C, Kraja AT, Cartwright JH, Hellwege JN, Giri A, Tragante V, Thorleifsson G, Liu DJ, Prins BP, Stewart ID, Cabrera CP, Eales JM, Akbarov A, Auer PL, Bielak LF, Bis JC, Braithwaite VS, Brody JA, Daw EW, Warren HR, Drenos F, Nielsen SF, Faul JD, Fauman EB, Fava C, Ferreira T, Foley CN, Franceschini N, Gao H, Giannakopoulou O, Giulianini F, Gudbjartsson DF, Guo X, Harris SE, Havulinna AS, Helgadottir A, Huffman JE, Hwang SJ, Kanoni S, Kontto J, Larson MG, Li-Gao R, Lindström J, Lotta LA, Lu Y, Luan J, Mahajan A, Malerba G, Masca NGD, Mei H, Menni C, Mook-Kanamori DO, Mosen-Ansorena D, Müller-Nurasyid M, Paré G, Paul DS, Perola M, Poveda A, Rauramaa R, Richard M, Richardson TG, Sepúlveda N, Sim X, Smith AV, Smith JA, Staley JR, Stanáková A, Sulem P, Thériault S, Thorsteinsdottir U, Trompet S, Varga TV, Velez Edwards DR, Veronesi G, Weiss S, Willems SM, Yao J, Young R, Yu B, Zhang W, Zhao JH, Zhao W, Zhao W, Evangelou E, Aeschbacher S, Asllanaj E, Blankenberg S, Bonnycastle LL, Bork-Jensen J, Brandslund I, Braund PS, Burgess S, Cho K, Christensen C, Connell J, Mutsert RD, Dominiczak AF, Dörr M, Eiriksdottir G, Farmaki AE, Gaziano JM, Grarup N, Grove ML, Hallmans G, Hansen T, Have CT, Heiss G, Jørgensen ME, Jousilahti P, Kajantie E, Kamat M, Käräjämäki A, Karpe F, Koistinen HA, Kovesdy CP, Kuulasmaa K, Laatikainen T, Lannfelt L, Lee IT, Lee WJ, Linneberg A, Martin LW, Moitry M, Nadkarni G, Neville MJ, Palmer CNA, Papanicolaou GJ, Pedersen O, Peters J, Poulter N, Rasheed A, Rasmussen KL, Rayner NW, Mägi R, Renström F, Rettig R, Rossouw J, Schreiner PJ, Sever PS, Sigurdsson EL, Skaaby T, Sun YV, Sundstrom J, Thorgeirsson G, Esko T, Trabetti E, Tsao PS, Tuomi T, Turner ST, Tzoulaki I, Vaartjes I, Vergnaud AC, Willer CJ, Wilson PWF, Witte DR, Yonova-Doing E, Zhang H, Aliya N, Almgren P, Amouyel P, Asselbergs FW, Barnes MR, Blakemore AI, Boehnke M, Bots ML, Bottinger EP, Buring JE, Chambers JC, Chen YDI, Chowdhury R, Conen D, Correa A, Davey Smith G, Boer RAD, Deary IJ, Dedoussis G, Deloukas P, Di Angelantonio E, Elliott P, Felix SB, Ferrières J, Ford I, Fornage M, Franks PW, Franks S, Frossard P, Gambaro G, Gaunt TR, Groop L, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hayward C, Hennig BJ, Herzig KH, Ingelsson E, Tuomilehto J, Järvelin MR, Jukema JW, Kardia SLR, Kee F, Kooner JS, Kooperberg C, Launer LJ, Lind L, Loos RJF, Majumder AAS, Laakso M, McCarthy MI, Melander O, Mohlke KL, Murray AD, Nordestgaard BG, Orho-Melander M, Packard CJ, Padmanabhan S, Palmas W, Polasek O, Porteous DJ, Prentice AM, Province MA, Relton CL, Rice K, Ridker PM, Rolandsson O, Rosendaal FR, Rotter JI, Rudan I, Salomaa V, Samani NJ, Sattar N, Sheu WHH, Smith BH, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Starr JM, Sebert S, Taylor KD, Lakka TA, Timpson NJ, Tobin MD, van der Harst P, van der Meer P, Ramachandran VS, Verweij N, Virtamo J, Völker U, Weir DR, Zeggini E, Charchar FJ, Wareham NJ, Langenberg C, Tomaszewski M, Butterworth AS, Caulfield MJ, Danesh J, Edwards TL, Holm H, Hung AM, Lindgren CM, Liu C, Manning AK, Morris AP, Morrison AC, O'Donnell CJ, Psaty BM, Saleheen D, Stefansson K, Boerwinkle E, Chasman DI, Levy D, Newton-Cheh C, Munroe PB, Howson JMM. Discovery of rare variants associated with blood pressure regulation through meta-analysis of 1.3 million individuals. Nat Genet 2020; 52:1314-1332. [PMID: 33230300 PMCID: PMC7610439 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-020-00713-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic studies of blood pressure (BP) to date have mainly analyzed common variants (minor allele frequency > 0.05). In a meta-analysis of up to ~1.3 million participants, we discovered 106 new BP-associated genomic regions and 87 rare (minor allele frequency ≤ 0.01) variant BP associations (P < 5 × 10-8), of which 32 were in new BP-associated loci and 55 were independent BP-associated single-nucleotide variants within known BP-associated regions. Average effects of rare variants (44% coding) were ~8 times larger than common variant effects and indicate potential candidate causal genes at new and known loci (for example, GATA5 and PLCB3). BP-associated variants (including rare and common) were enriched in regions of active chromatin in fetal tissues, potentially linking fetal development with BP regulation in later life. Multivariable Mendelian randomization suggested possible inverse effects of elevated systolic and diastolic BP on large artery stroke. Our study demonstrates the utility of rare-variant analyses for identifying candidate genes and the results highlight potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Surendran
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Rutherford Fund Fellow, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elena V Feofanova
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Najim Lahrouchi
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Savita Karthikeyan
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lingyan Chen
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Borbala Mifsud
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Chen Yao
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aldi T Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - James H Cartwright
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ayush Giri
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Vinicius Tragante
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Dajiang J Liu
- Institute of Personalized Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Bram P Prins
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isobel D Stewart
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia P Cabrera
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - James M Eales
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Artur Akbarov
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul L Auer
- Joseph J Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Lawrence F Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vickie S Braithwaite
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Nutrition and Bone Health Group, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
| | - Jennifer A Brody
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - E Warwick Daw
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Helen R Warren
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fotios Drenos
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sune Fallgaard Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric B Fauman
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cristiano Fava
- Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Teresa Ferreira
- The Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher N Foley
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nora Franceschini
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Olga Giannakopoulou
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College of London, London, UK
| | - Franco Giulianini
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jennifer E Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Shih-Jen Hwang
- Population Sciences Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jukka Kontto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin G Larson
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Biostatistics Department, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruifang Li-Gao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luca A Lotta
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yingchang Lu
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Nicholas G D Masca
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Hao Mei
- Department of Data Science, School of Population Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Cristina Menni
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis O Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - David Mosen-Ansorena
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, IBE, Faculty of Medicine, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Guillaume Paré
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dirk S Paul
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical and Molecular Metabolism Research Program (CAMM), Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alaitz Poveda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rainer Rauramaa
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Melissa Richard
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tom G Richardson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nuno Sepúlveda
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre of Statistics and Applications of University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Xueling Sim
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James R Staley
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alena Stanáková
- University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Sébastien Thériault
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tibor V Varga
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Health Systems VA, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Giovanni Veronesi
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sara M Willems
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jie Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Robin Young
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bing Yu
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UK
| | - Jing-Hua Zhao
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Eralda Asllanaj
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lori L Bonnycastle
- Medical Genomics and Metabolic Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jette Bork-Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ivan Brandslund
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Lillebaelt Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter S Braund
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kelly Cho
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - John Connell
- University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Renée de Mutsert
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anna F Dominiczak
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Marcus Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Department of Population Science and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Michael Gaziano
- Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC), VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Aging, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niels Grarup
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Megan L Grove
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Göran Hallmans
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian T Have
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- PEDEGO Research Unit, MRC Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Helsinki University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mihir Kamat
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - AnneMari Käräjämäki
- Department of Primary Health Care, Vaasa Central Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
- Diabetes Center, Vaasa Health Care Center, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Fredrik Karpe
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Heikki A Koistinen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Csaba P Kovesdy
- Nephrology Section, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Laatikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Lars Lannfelt
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - I-Te Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, , Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Science, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jane Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Social Work, Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lisa W Martin
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington DC, USA
| | - Marie Moitry
- Department of Public health, Strasbourg University Hospital, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Girish Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matt J Neville
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Colin N A Palmer
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Oluf Pedersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James Peters
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Neil Poulter
- International Centre for Circulatory Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Asif Rasheed
- Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Katrine L Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - N William Rayner
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Reedik Mägi
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Frida Renström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rainer Rettig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - Jacques Rossouw
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, NHLBI, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Pamela J Schreiner
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Peter S Sever
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Emil L Sigurdsson
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Development Centre for Primary Health Care in Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tea Skaaby
- Center for Clinical Research and Disease Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yan V Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Biomedical Informatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Johan Sundstrom
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gudmundur Thorgeirsson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Landspitali-The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabetta Trabetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Tiinamaija Tuomi
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Endocrinology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden Institute for Molecular Medicine Helsinki (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stephen T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire Vergnaud
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter W F Wilson
- Atlanta VAMC and Emory Clinical Cardiovascular Research Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Daniel R Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ekaterina Yonova-Doing
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Naheed Aliya
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Peter Almgren
- Department of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies Liées au Vieillissement, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1167, Lille, France
- CHU Lille, U1167, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167, Lille, France
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart & Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michael R Barnes
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra I Blakemore
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Center for Circulatory Health, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julie E Buring
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UK
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Non-communicable Disease Research (CNCR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - David Conen
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Jackson Heart Study, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Genomic Health, Life Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Princess Al-Jawhara Al-Brahim Centre of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders (PACER-HD), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK-London at Imperial College London, London, UK
- UKDRI, Dementia Research Institute at Imperial College London, London, UK
- British Heart Foundation (BHF) Centre of Research Excellence, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stephan B Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jean Ferrières
- Department of Cardiology and Department of Epidemiology, INSERM UMR 1027, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Myriam Fornage
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genetics Center, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paul W Franks
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Oxford Center for Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Radcliff Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen Franks
- Institute of Reproductive & Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Helsinki (FIMM), Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Branwen J Hennig
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- Wellcome Trust, London, UK
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine, Medical Research Center (MRC), University of Oulu, and University Hospital Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Diabetes Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- National Institute of Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UK
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Kajaanintie, Oulu, Finland
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital, Middlesex, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Charles Kooperberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute of Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford University Hospitals Trust, Oxford, UK
- Genentech, South San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karen L Mohlke
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alison D Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Børge Grønne Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Walter Palmas
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M Prentice
- MRC Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Banjul, Gambia
- MRC International Nutrition Group at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel St, London, UK
| | - Michael A Province
- Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics and Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Caroline L Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenneth Rice
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olov Rolandsson
- Department of Public Health & Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Frits R Rosendaal
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nilesh J Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Wayne H-H Sheu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Technology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life-Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Timo A Lakka
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine/Physiology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, UK
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pim van der Harst
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van der Meer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Cardiology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vasan S Ramachandran
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Niek Verweij
- University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jarmo Virtamo
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Fadi J Charchar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Health Innovation and Transformation Center, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maciej Tomaszewski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark J Caulfield
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - John Danesh
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Blood and Transplant Research Unit (BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (626)/Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hilma Holm
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Adriana M Hung
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alanna C Morrison
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Donnell
- VA Boston Healthcare, Section of Cardiology and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Danish Saleheen
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Inc, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Boston University and National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
- Population Sciences, Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Christopher Newton-Cheh
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia B Munroe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge and Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Genetics, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Novo Nordisk Ltd, Oxford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Kessler T, Schunkert H, von Hundelshausen P. Novel Approaches to Fine-Tune Therapeutic Targeting of Platelets in Atherosclerosis: A Critical Appraisal. Thromb Haemost 2020; 120:1492-1504. [PMID: 32772352 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1714352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular disease is driven by a multitude of risk factors intertwining metabolic and inflammatory pathways. Increasing knowledge about platelet biology sheds light on how platelets take part in these processes from early to later stages of plaque development. Recent insights from experimental studies and mouse models substantiate platelets as initiators and amplifiers in atherogenic leukocyte recruitment. These studies are complemented by results from genetics studies shedding light on novel molecular mechanisms which provide an interesting prospect as novel targets. For instance, experimental studies provide further details how platelet-decorated von Willebrand factor tethered to activated endothelial cells plays a role in atherogenic monocyte recruitment. Novel aspects of platelets as atherogenic inductors of neutrophil extracellular traps and particularities in signaling pathways such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate and the inhibitory adaptor molecule SHB23/LNK associating platelets with atherogenesis are shared. In summary, it was our intention to balance insights from recent experimental data that support a plausible role for platelets in atherogenesis against a paucity of clinical evidence needed to validate this concept in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Kessler
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Klinik für Herz- und Kreislauferkrankungen, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.,Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) e.V., Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institut für Prophylaxe und Epidemiologie der Kreislaufkrankheiten, Klinikum der Universität, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Transcriptional States and Chromatin Accessibility Underlying Human Erythropoiesis. Cell Rep 2020; 27:3228-3240.e7. [PMID: 31189107 PMCID: PMC6579117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human erythropoiesis serves as a paradigm of physiologic cellular differentiation. This process is also of considerable interest for better understanding anemias and identifying new therapies. Here, we apply deep transcriptomic and accessible chromatin profiling to characterize a faithful ex vivo human erythroid differentiation system from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. We reveal stage-specific transcriptional states and chromatin accessibility during various stages of erythropoiesis, including 14,260 differentially expressed genes and 63,659 variably accessible chromatin peaks. Our analysis suggests differentiation stage-predominant roles for specific master regulators, including GATA1 and KLF1. We integrate chromatin profiles with common and rare genetic variants associated with erythroid cell traits and diseases, finding that variants regulating different erythroid phenotypes likely act at variable points during differentiation. In addition, we identify a regulator of terminal erythropoiesis, TMCC2, more broadly illustrating the value of this comprehensive analysis to improve our understanding of erythropoiesis in health and disease. Ludwig et al. chart the dynamic transcriptional and chromatin landscapes as hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells differentiate into mature red blood cells. This multi-omic profiling reveals dynamic transcription factor activities and human genetic variation that modulate this process.
Collapse
|
19
|
Cheng W, Ramachandran S, Crawford L. Estimation of non-null SNP effect size distributions enables the detection of enriched genes underlying complex traits. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008855. [PMID: 32542026 PMCID: PMC7316356 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional univariate genome-wide association studies generate false positives and negatives due to difficulties distinguishing associated variants from variants with spurious nonzero effects that do not directly influence the trait. Recent efforts have been directed at identifying genes or signaling pathways enriched for mutations in quantitative traits or case-control studies, but these can be computationally costly and hampered by strict model assumptions. Here, we present gene-ε, a new approach for identifying statistical associations between sets of variants and quantitative traits. Our key insight is that enrichment studies on the gene-level are improved when we reformulate the genome-wide SNP-level null hypothesis to identify spurious small-to-intermediate SNP effects and classify them as non-causal. gene-ε efficiently identifies enriched genes under a variety of simulated genetic architectures, achieving greater than a 90% true positive rate at 1% false positive rate for polygenic traits. Lastly, we apply gene-ε to summary statistics derived from six quantitative traits using European-ancestry individuals in the UK Biobank, and identify enriched genes that are in biologically relevant pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Sohini Ramachandran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SR); (LC)
| | - Lorin Crawford
- Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Center for Statistical Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SR); (LC)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hodonsky CJ, Baldassari AR, Bien SA, Raffield LM, Highland HM, Sitlani CM, Wojcik GL, Tao R, Graff M, Tang W, Thyagarajan B, Buyske S, Fornage M, Hindorff LA, Li Y, Lin D, Reiner AP, North KE, Loos RJF, Kooperberg C, Avery CL. Ancestry-specific associations identified in genome-wide combined-phenotype study of red blood cell traits emphasize benefits of diversity in genomics. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:228. [PMID: 32171239 PMCID: PMC7071748 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative red blood cell (RBC) traits are highly polygenic clinically relevant traits, with approximately 500 reported GWAS loci. The majority of RBC trait GWAS have been performed in European- or East Asian-ancestry populations, despite evidence that rare or ancestry-specific variation contributes substantially to RBC trait heritability. Recently developed combined-phenotype methods which leverage genetic trait correlation to improve statistical power have not yet been applied to these traits. Here we leveraged correlation of seven quantitative RBC traits in performing a combined-phenotype analysis in a multi-ethnic study population. RESULTS We used the adaptive sum of powered scores (aSPU) test to assess combined-phenotype associations between ~ 21 million SNPs and seven RBC traits in a multi-ethnic population (maximum n = 67,885 participants; 24% African American, 30% Hispanic/Latino, and 43% European American; 76% female). Thirty-nine loci in our multi-ethnic population contained at least one significant association signal (p < 5E-9), with lead SNPs at nine loci significantly associated with three or more RBC traits. A majority of the lead SNPs were common (MAF > 5%) across all ancestral populations. Nineteen additional independent association signals were identified at seven known loci (HFE, KIT, HBS1L/MYB, CITED2/FILNC1, ABO, HBA1/2, and PLIN4/5). For example, the HBA1/2 locus contained 14 conditionally independent association signals, 11 of which were previously unreported and are specific to African and Amerindian ancestries. One variant in this region was common in all ancestries, but exhibited a narrower LD block in African Americans than European Americans or Hispanics/Latinos. GTEx eQTL analysis of all independent lead SNPs yielded 31 significant associations in relevant tissues, over half of which were not at the gene immediately proximal to the lead SNP. CONCLUSION This work identified seven loci containing multiple independent association signals for RBC traits using a combined-phenotype approach, which may improve discovery in genetically correlated traits. Highly complex genetic architecture at the HBA1/2 locus was only revealed by the inclusion of African Americans and Hispanics/Latinos, underscoring the continued importance of expanding large GWAS to include ancestrally diverse populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chani J. Hodonsky
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- University of Virginia Center for Public Health Genomics, 1355 Lee St, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Antoine R. Baldassari
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Stephanie A. Bien
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
| | - Laura M. Raffield
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Heather M. Highland
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Colleen M. Sitlani
- University of Washington, 1730 Minor Ave, Ste 1360, Seattle, WA 98101 USA
| | - Genevieve L. Wojcik
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 291 Campus Dr, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Ran Tao
- Vanderbilt University, 2525 West End Ave #1100, Nashville, TN 37203 USA
| | - Marielisa Graff
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Weihong Tang
- University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | | | - Steve Buyske
- Rutgers University, 683 Hoes Ln W, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA
| | - Myriam Fornage
- University of Texas Houston, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Lucia A. Hindorff
- National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD 20894 USA
| | - Yun Li
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Danyu Lin
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Seattle, WA 98109 USA
- University of Washington, 1705 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Kari E. North
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 120 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1468 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | | | - Christy L. Avery
- University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, 135 Dauer Dr, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kim HJ, Trinh NT, Choi Y, Kim W, Min KH, Kang SO, Kim JH, Kim HA, Jung JY, Choi IA, Lee KE. <p>ADAM17 Genetic Variants and the Response of TNF-α Inhibitor in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients</p>. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2020; 13:81-88. [PMID: 32214841 PMCID: PMC7083627 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s235035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose TNF-α is a transmembrane protein which requires cleavage by ADAM17 in order to act systemically. The activation of ADAM17 to generate soluble TNF‑α results in an increased inflammatory activity. We hypothesized that variants spanning the ADAM17 gene contribute towards the observed variation in patient response defined by the number of changes in TNF‑α inhibitors. Patients and Methods Seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADAM17 in 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis who received TNF-α inhibitors were analyzed: rs57467365, rs62117540, rs117645314, rs6432013, rs532704607, rs117179141, and rs12692386. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis were employed to investigate the independent predictable factors for changes in TNF-α inhibitors. Results ADAM17 rs117645314 and rs117179141 showed significant association with the number of changes in TNF-α inhibitors. Patients with GA in rs117645314 and AT in rs117179141 had significantly higher chance of two or more changes of TNF-α inhibitors than those with wild homozygous alleles. Multivariate analysis showed that rs117179141 explained 5.7% of the 23.8% variability in TNF-α inhibitor response. Conclusion This study showed that the number of changes in TNF-α inhibitor is associated with ADAM17 SNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Nga Thi Trinh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Woorim Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hyun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Oh Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Ah Choi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Eun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: Kyung Eun Lee College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, 660-1 Yeonje-ri, Osong-eup, Heungdeok-gu, Cheongju-si28160, Republic of KoreaTel +82 43 261 3590Fax +82 43 268 2732 Email
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The common forms of metabolic diseases are highly complex, involving hundreds of genes, environmental and lifestyle factors, age-related changes, sex differences and gut-microbiome interactions. Systems genetics is a population-based approach to address this complexity. In contrast to commonly used 'reductionist' approaches, such as gain or loss of function, that examine one element at a time, systems genetics uses high-throughput 'omics' technologies to quantitatively assess the many molecular differences among individuals in a population and then to relate these to physiologic functions or disease states. Unlike genome-wide association studies, systems genetics seeks to go beyond the identification of disease-causing genes to understand higher-order interactions at the molecular level. The purpose of this review is to introduce the systems genetics applications in the areas of metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Here, we explain how large clinical and omics-level data and databases from both human and animal populations are available to help researchers place genes in the context of pathways and networks and formulate hypotheses that can then be experimentally examined. We provide lists of such databases and examples of the integration of reductionist and systems genetics data. Among the important applications emerging is the development of improved nutritional and pharmacological strategies to address the rise of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Seldin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
López-Isac E, Acosta-Herrera M, Kerick M, Assassi S, Satpathy AT, Granja J, Mumbach MR, Beretta L, Simeón CP, Carreira P, Ortego-Centeno N, Castellvi I, Bossini-Castillo L, Carmona FD, Orozco G, Hunzelmann N, Distler JHW, Franke A, Lunardi C, Moroncini G, Gabrielli A, de Vries-Bouwstra J, Wijmenga C, Koeleman BPC, Nordin A, Padyukov L, Hoffmann-Vold AM, Lie B, Proudman S, Stevens W, Nikpour M, Vyse T, Herrick AL, Worthington J, Denton CP, Allanore Y, Brown MA, Radstake TRDJ, Fonseca C, Chang HY, Mayes MD, Martin J. GWAS for systemic sclerosis identifies multiple risk loci and highlights fibrotic and vasculopathy pathways. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4955. [PMID: 31672989 PMCID: PMC6823490 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12760-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease that shows one of the highest mortality rates among rheumatic diseases. We perform a large genome-wide association study (GWAS), and meta-analysis with previous GWASs, in 26,679 individuals and identify 27 independent genome-wide associated signals, including 13 new risk loci. The novel associations nearly double the number of genome-wide hits reported for SSc thus far. We define 95% credible sets of less than 5 likely causal variants in 12 loci. Additionally, we identify specific SSc subtype-associated signals. Functional analysis of high-priority variants shows the potential function of SSc signals, with the identification of 43 robust target genes through HiChIP. Our results point towards molecular pathways potentially involved in vasculopathy and fibrosis, two main hallmarks in SSc, and highlight the spectrum of critical cell types for the disease. This work supports a better understanding of the genetic basis of SSc and provides directions for future functional experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena López-Isac
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Martin Kerick
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain
| | - Shervin Assassi
- The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Ansuman T Satpathy
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Granja
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maxwell R Mumbach
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo Beretta
- Referral Center for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen P Simeón
- Department of Internal Medicine, Valle de Hebrón Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Patricia Carreira
- Department of Rheumatology, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ivan Castellvi
- Department of Rheumatology, Santa Creu i Sant Pau University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - F David Carmona
- Department of Genetics and Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Gisela Orozco
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudio Lunardi
- Department of Medicine, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Clinica Medica, Department of Clinical and Molecular Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Annika Nordin
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Benedicte Lie
- Department of Medical Genetics, and the Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Royal Adelaide Hospital and University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Mandana Nikpour
- The University of Melbourne at St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Timothy Vyse
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, The University of Manchester, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Jane Worthington
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Genetics and Genomics, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yannick Allanore
- Department of Rheumatology A, Cochin Hospital, INSERM U1016, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Timothy R D J Radstake
- Department of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Laboratory of Translational Immunology, department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Carmen Fonseca
- Centre for Rheumatology, Royal Free and University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, USA
| | - Javier Martin
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Thériault S, Dina C, Messika-Zeitoun D, Le Scouarnec S, Capoulade R, Gaudreault N, Rigade S, Li Z, Simonet F, Lamontagne M, Clavel MA, Arsenault BJ, Boureau AS, Lecointe S, Baron E, Bonnaud S, Karakachoff M, Charpentier E, Fellah I, Roussel JC, Philippe Verhoye J, Baufreton C, Probst V, Roussel R, Redon R, Dagenais F, Pibarot P, Mathieu P, Le Tourneau T, Bossé Y, Schott JJ. Genetic Association Analyses Highlight IL6, ALPL, and NAV1 As 3 New Susceptibility Genes Underlying Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 12:e002617. [PMID: 32141789 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.119.002617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic valve stenosis (CAVS) is a frequent and life-threatening cardiovascular disease for which there is currently no medical treatment available. To date, only 2 genes, LPA and PALMD, have been identified as causal for CAVS. We aimed to identify additional susceptibility genes for CAVS. METHODS A GWAS (genome-wide association study) meta-analysis of 4 cohorts, totaling 5115 cases and 354 072 controls of European descent, was performed. A TWAS (transcriptome-wide association study) was completed to integrate transcriptomic data from 233 human aortic valves. A series of post-GWAS analyses were performed, including fine-mapping, colocalization, phenome-wide association studies, pathway, and tissue enrichment as well as genetic correlation with cardiovascular traits. RESULTS In the GWAS meta-analysis, 4 loci achieved genome-wide significance, including 2 new loci: IL6 (interleukin 6) on 7p15.3 and ALPL (alkaline phosphatase) on 1p36.12. A TWAS integrating gene expression from 233 human aortic valves identified NAV1 (neuron navigator 1) on 1q32.1 as a new candidate causal gene. The CAVS risk alleles were associated with higher mRNA expression of NAV1 in valve tissues. Fine-mapping identified rs1800795 as the most likely causal variant in the IL6 locus. The signal identified colocalizes with the expression of the IL6 RNA antisense in various tissues. Phenome-wide association analyses in the UK Biobank showed colocalized associations between the risk allele at the IL6 lead variant and higher eosinophil count, pulse pressure, systolic blood pressure, and carotid artery procedures, implicating modulation of the IL6 pathways. The risk allele at the NAV1 lead variant colocalized with higher pulse pressure and higher prevalence of carotid artery stenosis. Association results at the genome-wide scale indicated genetic correlation between CAVS, coronary artery disease, and cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS Our study implicates 3 new genetic loci in CAVS pathogenesis, which constitute novel targets for the development of therapeutic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Thériault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology (S.T.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.)
| | - David Messika-Zeitoun
- Cardiology Department, AP-HP, Bichat Hospital (D.M.-Z.), Univ Paris 7, France.,INSERM U698 (D.M.-Z.), Univ Paris 7, France.,Division of Cardiology, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, ON, Canada (D.M.-Z.)
| | - Solena Le Scouarnec
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.)
| | - Romain Capoulade
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Nathalie Gaudreault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Sidwell Rigade
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.)
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Floriane Simonet
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Maxime Lamontagne
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Medicine, (M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Medicine, (M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Anne-Sophie Boureau
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Simon Lecointe
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Estelle Baron
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Bonnaud
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Matilde Karakachoff
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Eric Charpentier
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Imen Fellah
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Jean-Christian Roussel
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes.,Service de chirurgie Thoracique et CardioVasculaire, CHU Nantes (J.-C.R.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Jean Philippe Verhoye
- Service de chirurgie cardio vasculaire (J.P.V.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | | | - Vincent Probst
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Inserm U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (R. Roussel).,University Paris Diderot, Paris University (R. Roussel).,Diabetology, Endocrinology & Nutrition Department, DHU FIRE, Hopital Bichat, AP-HP, Paris (R. Roussel)
| | -
- IRSA, Institut inter-Regional pour la Santé, La Riche, France (the D.E.S.I.R. Study Group)
| | - Richard Redon
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | | | - Philippe Pibarot
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Medicine, (M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec (S.T., R.C., N.G., Z.L., M.L., M.-A.C., B.J.A., P.P., P.M., Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.,Department of Molecular Medicine (Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- l'institut du thorax, INSERM, CNRS, UNIV Nantes, Nantes, France (C.D., S.L.S., R.C., S.R., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., E.B., S.B., M.K., E.C., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.).,l'institut du thorax, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France (R.C., F.S., A.-S.B., S.L., S.B., M.K., I.F., J.-C.R., V.P., R. Redon, T.L.T., J.-J.S.), Hopital Pontchaillou, Inserm 1099, Rennes
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
A missense variant in PER2 is associated with delayed sleep-wake phase disorder in a Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2019; 64:1219-1225. [PMID: 31527662 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0665-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder (DSWPD) is a subtype of circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, and is characterized by an inability to fall asleep until late at night and wake up at a socially acceptable time in the morning. The study aim was to identify low-frequency nonsense and missense variants that are associated with DSWPD. Candidate variants in circadian rhythm-related genes were extracted by integration of genetic variation databases and in silico assessment. We narrowed down the candidates to six variants. To examine whether the six variants are associated with DSWPD, we performed an association study in 236 Japanese patients with DSWPD and 1436 controls. A low-frequency missense variant (p.Val1205Met) in PER2 showed a significant association with DSWPD (2.5% in cases and 1.1% in controls, P = 0.026, odds ratio (OR) = 2.32). The variant was also associated with idiopathic hypersomnia known to have a tendency toward phase delay (P = 0.038, OR = 2.07). PER2 forms a heterodimer with CRY, and the heterodimer plays an important role in the regulation of circadian rhythms. Val1205 is located in the CRY-binding domain of PER2 and was hypothesized to interact with CRY. The p.Val1205Met substitution could be a potential genetic marker for DSWPD.
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang D, Yi X, Zhang S, Zheng Z, Wang P, Xuan C, Sham PC, Wang J, Li MJ. GWAS4D: multidimensional analysis of context-specific regulatory variant for human complex diseases and traits. Nucleic Acids Res 2019; 46:W114-W120. [PMID: 29771388 PMCID: PMC6030885 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have generated over thousands of susceptibility loci for many human complex traits, and yet for most of these associations the true causal variants remain unknown. Tissue/cell type-specific prediction and prioritization of non-coding regulatory variants will facilitate the identification of causal variants and underlying pathogenic mechanisms for particular complex diseases and traits. By leveraging recent large-scale functional genomics/epigenomics data, we develop an intuitive web server, GWAS4D (http://mulinlab.tmu.edu.cn/gwas4d or http://mulinlab.org/gwas4d), that systematically evaluates GWAS signals and identifies context-specific regulatory variants. The updated web server includes six major features: (i) updates the regulatory variant prioritization method with our new algorithm; (ii) incorporates 127 tissue/cell type-specific epigenomes data; (iii) integrates motifs of 1480 transcriptional regulators from 13 public resources; (iv) uniformly processes Hi-C data and generates significant interactions at 5 kb resolution across 60 tissues/cell types; (v) adds comprehensive non-coding variant functional annotations; (vi) equips a highly interactive visualization function for SNP-target interaction. Using a GWAS fine-mapped set for 161 coronary artery disease risk loci, we demonstrate that GWAS4D is able to efficiently prioritize disease-causal regulatory variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianfu Yi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhanye Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Panwen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research & Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Chenghao Xuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pak Chung Sham
- Center for Genomic Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Departments of Psychiatry, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Junwen Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research & Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Acosta-Herrera M, González-Serna D, Martín J. The Potential Role of Genomic Medicine in the Therapeutic Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8060826. [PMID: 31185701 PMCID: PMC6617101 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8060826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, important advances have occurred regarding understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nevertheless, response to treatment is not universal, and choosing among different therapies is currently based on a trial and error approach. The specific patient’s genetic background influences the response to therapy for many drugs: In this sense, genomic studies on RA have produced promising insights that could help us find an effective therapy for each patient. On the other hand, despite the great knowledge generated regarding the genetics of RA, most of the investigations performed to date have focused on identifying common variants associated with RA, which cannot explain the complete heritability of the disease. In this regard, rare variants could also contribute to this missing heritability as well as act as biomarkers that help in choosing the right therapy. In the present article, different aspects of genetics in the pathogenesis and treatment of RA are reviewed, from large-scale genomic studies to specific rare variant analyses. We also discuss the shared genetic architecture existing among autoimmune diseases and its implications for RA therapy, such as drug repositioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marialbert Acosta-Herrera
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Av. del Conocimiento 17. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - David González-Serna
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Av. del Conocimiento 17. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| | - Javier Martín
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, CSIC, Av. del Conocimiento 17. Armilla, 18016 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kovacic JC. Unraveling the Complex Genetics of Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 69:837-840. [PMID: 28209225 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C Kovacic
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Shrine N, Guyatt AL, Erzurumluoglu AM, Jackson VE, Hobbs BD, Melbourne CA, Batini C, Fawcett KA, Song K, Sakornsakolpat P, Li X, Boxall R, Reeve NF, Obeidat M, Zhao JH, Wielscher M, Weiss S, Kentistou KA, Cook JP, Sun BB, Zhou J, Hui J, Karrasch S, Imboden M, Harris SE, Marten J, Enroth S, Kerr SM, Surakka I, Vitart V, Lehtimäki T, Allen RJ, Bakke PS, Beaty TH, Bleecker ER, Bossé Y, Brandsma CA, Chen Z, Crapo JD, Danesh J, DeMeo DL, Dudbridge F, Ewert R, Gieger C, Gulsvik A, Hansell AL, Hao K, Hoffman JD, Hokanson JE, Homuth G, Joshi PK, Joubert P, Langenberg C, Li X, Li L, Lin K, Lind L, Locantore N, Luan J, Mahajan A, Maranville JC, Murray A, Nickle DC, Packer R, Parker MM, Paynton ML, Porteous DJ, Prokopenko D, Qiao D, Rawal R, Runz H, Sayers I, Sin DD, Smith BH, Soler Artigas M, Sparrow D, Tal-Singer R, Timmers PRHJ, Van den Berge M, Whittaker JC, Woodruff PG, Yerges-Armstrong LM, Troyanskaya OG, Raitakari OT, Kähönen M, Polašek O, Gyllensten U, Rudan I, Deary IJ, Probst-Hensch NM, Schulz H, James AL, Wilson JF, Stubbe B, Zeggini E, Jarvelin MR, Wareham N, Silverman EK, Hayward C, Morris AP, Butterworth AS, Scott RA, Walters RG, Meyers DA, Cho MH, Strachan DP, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. New genetic signals for lung function highlight pathways and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease associations across multiple ancestries. Nat Genet 2019; 51:481-493. [PMID: 30804560 PMCID: PMC6397078 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Reduced lung function predicts mortality and is key to the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In a genome-wide association study in 400,102 individuals of European ancestry, we define 279 lung function signals, 139 of which are new. In combination, these variants strongly predict COPD in independent populations. Furthermore, the combined effect of these variants showed generalizability across smokers and never smokers, and across ancestral groups. We highlight biological pathways, known and potential drug targets for COPD and, in phenome-wide association studies, autoimmune-related and other pleiotropic effects of lung function-associated variants. This new genetic evidence has potential to improve future preventive and therapeutic strategies for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nick Shrine
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Victoria E Jackson
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Population Health and Immunity Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brian D Hobbs
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Chiara Batini
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Kijoung Song
- Target Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Phuwanat Sakornsakolpat
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Xingnan Li
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ruth Boxall
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola F Reeve
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ma'en Obeidat
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jing Hua Zhao
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthias Wielscher
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Katherine A Kentistou
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James P Cook
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Benjamin B Sun
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jian Zhou
- Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennie Hui
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine of WA, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Stefan Karrasch
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Medea Imboden
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Marten
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stefan Enroth
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shona M Kerr
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ida Surakka
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Richard J Allen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Per S Bakke
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Terri H Beaty
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eugene R Bleecker
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Corry-Anke Brandsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James D Crapo
- National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | - John Danesh
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawn L DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ralf Ewert
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Gieger
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Amund Gulsvik
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anna L Hansell
- Centre for Environmental Health & Sustainability, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- UK Small Area Health Statistics Unit, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, St Mary's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Ke Hao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John E Hokanson
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Georg Homuth
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, Department of Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry, and Pathology, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xuan Li
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Kuang Lin
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lars Lind
- Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alison Murray
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - David C Nickle
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
- Gossamer Bio, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Richard Packer
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan L Paynton
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dandi Qiao
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rajesh Rawal
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Heiko Runz
- MRL, Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Ian Sayers
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR-Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Don D Sin
- The University of British Columbia Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Respiratory Division, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blair H Smith
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - María Soler Artigas
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sparrow
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Paul R H J Timmers
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maarten Van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonology, GRIAC Research Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - John C Whittaker
- Target Sciences - R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Prescott G Woodruff
- UCSF Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Olga G Troyanskaya
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ozren Polašek
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - Ulf Gyllensten
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicole M Probst-Hensch
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich (CPC-M), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Munich, Germany
| | - Alan L James
- Busselton Population Medical Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Beate Stubbe
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marjo-Riitta Jarvelin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- MRC/BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert A Scott
- Target Sciences - R&D, GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Deborah A Meyers
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Michael H Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David P Strachan
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ian P Hall
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and NIHR-Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research, Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Alasoo K, Rodrigues J, Danesh J, Freitag DF, Paul DS, Gaffney DJ. Genetic effects on promoter usage are highly context-specific and contribute to complex traits. eLife 2019; 8:e41673. [PMID: 30618377 PMCID: PMC6349408 DOI: 10.7554/elife.41673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants regulating RNA splicing and transcript usage have been implicated in both common and rare diseases. Although transcript usage quantitative trait loci (tuQTLs) have been mapped across multiple cell types and contexts, it is challenging to distinguish between the main molecular mechanisms controlling transcript usage: promoter choice, splicing and 3' end choice. Here, we analysed RNA-seq data from human macrophages exposed to three inflammatory and one metabolic stimulus. In addition to conventional gene-level and transcript-level analyses, we also directly quantified promoter usage, splicing and 3' end usage. We found that promoters, splicing and 3' ends were predominantly controlled by independent genetic variants enriched in distinct genomic features. Promoter usage QTLs were also 50% more likely to be context-specific than other tuQTLs and constituted 25% of the transcript-level colocalisations with complex traits. Thus, promoter usage might be an underappreciated molecular mechanism mediating complex trait associations in a context-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaur Alasoo
- Institute of Computer ScienceUniversity of TartuTartuEstonia
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - Julia Rodrigues
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| | - John Danesh
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics, Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel F Freitag
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Dirk S Paul
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, Division of Cardiovascular MedicineAddenbrooke’s HospitalCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel J Gaffney
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome CampusHinxtonUnited Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Reiner AP, Johnson AD. Platelet Genomics. Platelets 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-813456-6.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
32
|
Acosta-Herrera M, Kerick M, González-Serna D, Wijmenga C, Franke A, Gregersen PK, Padyukov L, Worthington J, Vyse TJ, Alarcón-Riquelme ME, Mayes MD, Martin J. Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals shared new loci in systemic seropositive rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:311-319. [PMID: 30573655 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are heterogeneous and complex conditions with overlapping clinical symptoms and elevated familial aggregation, which suggests the existence of a shared genetic component. In order to identify this genetic background in a systematic fashion, we performed the first cross-disease genome-wide meta-analysis in systemic seropositive rheumatic diseases, namely, systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. METHODS We meta-analysed ~6.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 11 678 cases and 19 704 non-affected controls of European descent populations. The functional roles of the associated variants were interrogated using publicly available databases. RESULTS Our analysis revealed five shared genome-wide significant independent loci that had not been previously associated with these diseases: NAB1, KPNA4-ARL14, DGQK, LIMK1 and PRR12. All of these loci are related with immune processes such as interferon and epidermal growth factor signalling, response to methotrexate, cytoskeleton dynamics and coagulation cascade. Remarkably, several of the associated loci are known key players in autoimmunity, which supports the validity of our results. All the associated variants showed significant functional enrichment in DNase hypersensitivity sites, chromatin states and histone marks in relevant immune cells, including shared expression quantitative trait loci. Additionally, our results were significantly enriched in drugs that are being tested for the treatment of the diseases under study. CONCLUSIONS We have identified shared new risk loci with functional value across diseases and pinpoint new potential candidate loci that could be further investigated. Our results highlight the potential of drug repositioning among related systemic seropositive rheumatic IMIDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Kerick
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David González-Serna
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Robert S Boas Center for Genomics and Human Genetics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Worthington
- Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy James Vyse
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.,Division of Immunology, Infection and Inflammatory Disease, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marta Eugenia Alarcón-Riquelme
- Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research (GENYO), Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Regional Government, Granada, Spain
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Javier Martin
- Institute of Parasitology and Biomedicine López-Neyra, IPBLN-CSIC, PTS Granada, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Vasudeva K, Munshi A. Genetics of platelet traits in ischaemic stroke: focus on mean platelet volume and platelet count. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:511-522. [PMID: 30371123 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1538991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose/Aim of the study: The aim of this review is to summarize the role of genetic variants affecting mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT) leading to higher platelet reactivity and in turn to thrombotic events like stroke and cardiovascular diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS A search was conducted in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PROQUEST, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar related to the studies focussing on genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) and multi-omic analysis that have been employed to identify the genetic variants influencing MPV and PLT. RESULTS Antiplatelet agents underscore the crucial role of platelets in the pathogenesis of stroke. Higher platelet reactivity in terms of mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet count (PLT) contributes significantly to the interindividual variation in platelet reaction at the site of vessel wall injury. Some individuals encounter thrombotic events as platelets get occluded at the site of vessel wall injury whereas others heal the injury without occluding the circulation. Evidence suggests that MPV and PLT have a strong genetic component. High throughput techniques including genome-wide association studies (GWAS), whole exome sequencing (WES), whole genome sequencing (WGS), phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) and multi-omic analysis have identified different genetic variants influencing MPV and PLT. CONCLUSIONS Identification of complex genetic cross talks affecting PLT and MPV might help to develop novel treatment strategies in treating neurovascular diseases like stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Vasudeva
- a Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , Central University of Punjab Bathinda , Punjab , India
| | - Anjana Munshi
- a Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine , Central University of Punjab Bathinda , Punjab , India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hughes MF, Lenighan YM, Godson C, Roche HM. Exploring Coronary Artery Disease GWAs Targets With Functional Links to Immunometabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:148. [PMID: 30460244 PMCID: PMC6232936 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Finding genetic variants that cause functional disruption or regulatory change among the many implicated GWAs variants remains a key challenge to translating the findings from GWAs to therapeutic treatments. Defining the causal mechanisms behind the variants require functional screening experiments that can be complex and costly. Prioritizing variants for functional characterization using techniques that capture important functional and regulatory elements can assist this. The genetic architecture of complex traits such as cardiovascular disease and type II diabetes comprise an enormously large number of variants of small effect contributing to heritability and spread throughout the genome. This makes it difficult to distinguish which variants or core genes are most relevant for prioritization and how they contribute to the regulatory networks that become dysregulated leading to disease. Despite these challenges, recent GWAs for CAD prioritized genes associated with lipid metabolism, coagulation and adhesion along with novel signals related to innate immunity, adipose tissue and, vascular function as important core drivers of risk. We focus on three examples of novel signals associated with CAD which affect risk through missense or UTR mutations indicating their potential for therapeutic modification. These variants play roles in adipose tissue function vascular function and innate immunity which form the cornerstones of immuno-metabolism. In addition we have explored the putative, but potentially important interactions between the environment, specifically food and nutrition, with respect to key processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria F Hughes
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yvonne M Lenighan
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Godson
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Helen M Roche
- UCD Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,UCD Institute of Food and Health, School of Public Health Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Li Y, Hu M, Shen Y. Gene regulation in the 3D genome. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:R228-R233. [PMID: 29767704 PMCID: PMC6061806 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial organization of the genome is essential for the precise control of gene expression. Recent advances in sequencing and imaging technologies allow us to explore the 3D genome and its relationship to gene regulation at an unprecedented scale. In this review, we provide an overview of lessons learned from studying the chromatin structure and their implications in communications between gene promoters and distal cis-regulatory elements, such as enhancers. We first review the current knowledge of general genome organization, followed by the importance of chromatin folding in gene regulation. Next, we proceed to a brief survey of the recently developed chromosome conformation capture technologies, as well as most widely adopted read-outs from such data. We then introduce two emerging models that offer explanations regarding how distal enhancers achieve transcriptional control of target genes in the 3D genome. Last, we discuss the promising prospects of leveraging knowledge in chromatin spatial organization for studying complex diseases and traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Wang B, Wu Z, Li Z, Zhang Q, Hu J, Xiao Y, Cai D, Wu J, King GJ, Li H, Liu K. Dissection of the genetic architecture of three seed-quality traits and consequences for breeding in Brassica napus. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1336-1348. [PMID: 29265559 PMCID: PMC5999192 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) combining high-throughput genome resequencing and phenotyping can accelerate the dissection of genetic architecture and identification of genes for plant complex traits. In this study, we developed a rapeseed genomic variation map consisting of 4 542 011 SNPs and 628 666 INDELs. GWAS was performed for three seed-quality traits, including erucic acid content (EAC), glucosinolate content (GSC) and seed oil content (SOC) using 3.82 million polymorphisms in an association panel. Six, 49 and 17 loci were detected to be associated with EAC, GSC and SOC in multiple environments, respectively. The mean total contribution of these loci in each environment was 94.1% for EAC and 87.9% for GSC, notably higher than that for SOC (40.1%). A high correlation was observed between phenotypic variance and number of favourable alleles for associated loci, which will contribute to breeding improvement by pyramiding these loci. Furthermore, candidate genes were detected underlying associated loci, based on functional polymorphisms in gene regions where sequence variation was found to correlate with phenotypic variation. Our approach was validated by detection of well-characterized FAE1 genes at each of two major loci for EAC on chromosomes A8 and C3, along with MYB28 genes at each of three major loci for GSC on chromosomes A9, C2 and C9. Four novel candidate genes were detected by correlation between GSC and SOC and observed sequence variation, respectively. This study provides insights into the genetic architecture of three seed-quality traits, which would be useful for genetic improvement of B. napus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhikun Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Zhaohong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jianlin Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Yingjie Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Dongfang Cai
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Jiangsheng Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Graham J. King
- Southern Cross Plant ScienceSouthern Cross UniversityLismoreNSWAustralia
| | - Haitao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| | - Kede Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubeiChina
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zengini E, Hatzikotoulas K, Tachmazidou I, Steinberg J, Hartwig FP, Southam L, Hackinger S, Boer CG, Styrkarsdottir U, Gilly A, Suveges D, Killian B, Ingvarsson T, Jonsson H, Babis GC, McCaskie A, Uitterlinden AG, van Meurs JBJ, Thorsteinsdottir U, Stefansson K, Davey Smith G, Wilkinson JM, Zeggini E. Genome-wide analyses using UK Biobank data provide insights into the genetic architecture of osteoarthritis. Nat Genet 2018; 50:549-558. [PMID: 29559693 PMCID: PMC5896734 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-018-0079-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a common complex disease imposing a large public-health burden. Here, we performed a genome-wide association study for osteoarthritis, using data across 16.5 million variants from the UK Biobank resource. After performing replication and meta-analysis in up to 30,727 cases and 297,191 controls, we identified nine new osteoarthritis loci, in all of which the most likely causal variant was noncoding. For three loci, we detected association with biologically relevant radiographic endophenotypes, and in five signals we identified genes that were differentially expressed in degraded compared with intact articular cartilage from patients with osteoarthritis. We established causal effects on osteoarthritis for higher body mass index but not for triglyceride levels or genetic predisposition to type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zengini
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- 5th Psychiatric Department, Dromokaiteio Psychiatric Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Ioanna Tachmazidou
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- GSK, R&D Target Sciences, Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fernando P Hartwig
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Cindy G Boer
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arthur Gilly
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Daniel Suveges
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Britt Killian
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Thorvaldur Ingvarsson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Akureyri Hospital, Akureyri, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Institution of Health Science, University of Akureyri, Akureyri, Iceland
| | - Helgi Jonsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Medicine, Landspitali, National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - George C Babis
- 2nd Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Konstantopouleio General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrew McCaskie
- Division of Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andre G Uitterlinden
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce B J van Meurs
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Unnur Thorsteinsdottir
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - George Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- National Institute for Health Research, Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol, NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jeremy M Wilkinson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Timpson NJ, Greenwood CMT, Soranzo N, Lawson DJ, Richards JB. Genetic architecture: the shape of the genetic contribution to human traits and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2018; 19:110-124. [PMID: 29225335 DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic architecture describes the characteristics of genetic variation that are responsible for heritable phenotypic variability. It depends on the number of genetic variants affecting a trait, their frequencies in the population, the magnitude of their effects and their interactions with each other and the environment. Defining the genetic architecture of a complex trait or disease is central to the scientific and clinical goals of human genetics, which are to understand disease aetiology and aid in disease screening, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Recent technological advances have enabled genome-wide association studies and emerging next-generation sequencing studies to begin to decipher the nature of the heritable contribution to traits and disease. Here, we describe the types of genetic architecture that have been observed, how architecture can be measured and why an improved understanding of genetic architecture is central to future advances in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Departments of Human Genetics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, UK.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Long Road, Cambridge CB2 0PT, UK
| | - Daniel J Lawson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Clifton, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - J Brent Richards
- Departments of Human Genetics and Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755 Cote Ste Catherine, Montréal, Québec H3T 1E2, Canada.,Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Campus, Lambeth Palace Road, London SE1 7EH, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Nielsen JB, Fritsche LG, Zhou W, Teslovich TM, Holmen OL, Gustafsson S, Gabrielsen ME, Schmidt EM, Beaumont R, Wolford BN, Lin M, Brummett CM, Preuss MH, Refsgaard L, Bottinger EP, Graham SE, Surakka I, Chu Y, Skogholt AH, Dalen H, Boyle AP, Oral H, Herron TJ, Kitzman J, Jalife J, Svendsen JH, Olesen MS, Njølstad I, Løchen ML, Baras A, Gottesman O, Marcketta A, O'Dushlaine C, Ritchie MD, Wilsgaard T, Loos RJF, Frayling TM, Boehnke M, Ingelsson E, Carey DJ, Dewey FE, Kang HM, Abecasis GR, Hveem K, Willer CJ. Genome-wide Study of Atrial Fibrillation Identifies Seven Risk Loci and Highlights Biological Pathways and Regulatory Elements Involved in Cardiac Development. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:103-115. [PMID: 29290336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia and a major risk factor for stroke, heart failure, and premature death. The pathogenesis of AF remains poorly understood, which contributes to the current lack of highly effective treatments. To understand the genetic variation and biology underlying AF, we undertook a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 6,337 AF individuals and 61,607 AF-free individuals from Norway, including replication in an additional 30,679 AF individuals and 278,895 AF-free individuals. Through genotyping and dense imputation mapping from whole-genome sequencing, we tested almost nine million genetic variants across the genome and identified seven risk loci, including two novel loci. One novel locus (lead single-nucleotide variant [SNV] rs12614435; p = 6.76 × 10-18) comprised intronic and several highly correlated missense variants situated in the I-, A-, and M-bands of titin, which is the largest protein in humans and responsible for the passive elasticity of heart and skeletal muscle. The other novel locus (lead SNV rs56202902; p = 1.54 × 10-11) covered a large, gene-dense chromosome 1 region that has previously been linked to cardiac conduction. Pathway and functional enrichment analyses suggested that many AF-associated genetic variants act through a mechanism of impaired muscle cell differentiation and tissue formation during fetal heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas B Nielsen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lars G Fritsche
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Oddgeir L Holmen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; Department of Cardiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim 7030, Norway
| | - Stefan Gustafsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden
| | - Maiken E Gabrielsen
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Ellen M Schmidt
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Robin Beaumont
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust and University of Exeter Barrack Road Exeter, Exeter EX2 5WD, UK
| | - Brooke N Wolford
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maoxuan Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chad M Brummett
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michael H Preuss
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lena Refsgaard
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Erwin P Bottinger
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sarah E Graham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ida Surakka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yunhan Chu
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Cardiology, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim 7030, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger 7600, Norway; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Alan P Boyle
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hakan Oral
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Todd J Herron
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jacob Kitzman
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - José Jalife
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Arrhythmia Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Fundacion Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Jesper H Svendsen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Morten S Olesen
- Laboratory for Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark; Department of Biomedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark
| | - Inger Njølstad
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Aris Baras
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Tom Wilsgaard
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9019, Norway
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Timothy M Frayling
- Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust and University of Exeter Barrack Road Exeter, Exeter EX2 5WD, UK
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Erik Ingelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Epidemiology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75237, Sweden; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | - Hyun M Kang
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gonçalo R Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Centre, Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger 7600, Norway; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger 7600, Norway.
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
van der Harst P, Verweij N. Identification of 64 Novel Genetic Loci Provides an Expanded View on the Genetic Architecture of Coronary Artery Disease. Circ Res 2017; 122:433-443. [PMID: 29212778 PMCID: PMC5805277 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.117.312086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 727] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex phenotype driven by genetic and environmental factors. Ninety-seven genetic risk loci have been identified to date, but the identification of additional susceptibility loci might be important to enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of CAD. Objective: To expand the number of genome-wide significant loci, catalog functional insights, and enhance our understanding of the genetic architecture of CAD. Methods and Results: We performed a genome-wide association study in 34 541 CAD cases and 261 984 controls of UK Biobank resource followed by replication in 88 192 cases and 162 544 controls from CARDIoGRAMplusC4D. We identified 75 loci that replicated and were genome-wide significant (P<5×10−8) in meta-analysis, 13 of which had not been reported previously. Next, to further identify novel loci, we identified all promising (P<0.0001) loci in the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D data and performed reciprocal replication and meta-analyses with UK Biobank. This led to the identification of 21 additional novel loci reaching genome-wide significance (P<5×10−8) in meta-analysis. Finally, we performed a genome-wide meta-analysis of all available data revealing 30 additional novel loci (P<5×10−8) without further replication. The increase in sample size by UK Biobank raised the number of reconstituted gene sets from 4.2% to 13.9% of all gene sets to be involved in CAD. For the 64 novel loci, 155 candidate causal genes were prioritized, many without an obvious connection to CAD. Fine mapping of the 161 CAD loci generated lists of credible sets of single causal variants and genes for functional follow-up. Genetic risk variants of CAD were linked to development of atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and death. Conclusions: We identified 64 novel genetic risk loci for CAD and performed fine mapping of all 161 risk loci to obtain a credible set of causal variants. The large expansion of reconstituted gene sets argues in favor of an expanded omnigenic model view on the genetic architecture of CAD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pim van der Harst
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.v.d.H., N.V.) and Department of Genetics (P.v.d.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; and Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (P.v.d.H.).
| | - Niek Verweij
- From the Department of Cardiology (P.v.d.H., N.V.) and Department of Genetics (P.v.d.H.), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; and Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht (P.v.d.H.)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
What do polymorphisms tell us about the mechanisms of COPD? Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2847-2863. [PMID: 29203722 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is characterized by irreversible lung airflow obstruction. Cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for COPD development. However, only a minority number of smokers develop COPD, and there are substantial variations in lung function among smokers, suggesting that genetic determinants in COPD susceptibility. During the past decade, genome-wide association studies and exome sequencing have been instrumental to identify the genetic determinants of complex traits, including COPD. Focused studies have revealed mechanisms by which genetic variants contribute to COPD and have led to novel insights in COPD pathogenesis. Through functional investigations of causal variants in COPD, from the proteinase-antiproteinase theory to emerging roles of developmental pathways (such as Hedgehog and Wnt pathways) in COPD, we have greatly expanded our understanding on this complex pulmonary disease. In this review, we critically review functional investigations on roles of genetic polymorphisms in COPD, and discuss future challenges and opportunities in discovering novel mechanisms of functional variants.
Collapse
|
42
|
Brown AA, Viñuela A, Delaneau O, Spector TD, Small KS, Dermitzakis ET. Predicting causal variants affecting expression by using whole-genome sequencing and RNA-seq from multiple human tissues. Nat Genet 2017; 49:1747-1751. [PMID: 29058714 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association mapping produces statistical links between phenotypes and genomic regions, but identifying causal variants remains difficult. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) can help by providing complete knowledge of all genetic variants, but it is financially prohibitive for well-powered GWAS studies. We performed mapping of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) with WGS and RNA-seq, and found that lead eQTL variants called with WGS were more likely to be causal. Through simulations, we derived properties of causal variants and used them to develop a method for identifying likely causal SNPs. We estimated that 25-70% of causal variants were located in open-chromatin regions, depending on the tissue and experiment. Finally, we identified a set of high-confidence causal variants and showed that these were more enriched in GWAS associations than other eQTLs. Of those, we found 65 associations with GWAS traits and provide examples in which genes implicated by expression are functionally validated as being relevant for complex traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Anand Brown
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland.,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Viñuela
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Delaneau
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland.,Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Benner C, Havulinna AS, Järvelin MR, Salomaa V, Ripatti S, Pirinen M. Prospects of Fine-Mapping Trait-Associated Genomic Regions by Using Summary Statistics from Genome-wide Association Studies. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:539-551. [PMID: 28942963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
During the past few years, various novel statistical methods have been developed for fine-mapping with the use of summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs). Although these approaches require information about the linkage disequilibrium (LD) between variants, there has not been a comprehensive evaluation of how estimation of the LD structure from reference genotype panels performs in comparison with that from the original individual-level GWAS data. Using population genotype data from Finland and the UK Biobank, we show here that a reference panel of 1,000 individuals from the target population is adequate for a GWAS cohort of up to 10,000 individuals, whereas smaller panels, such as those from the 1000 Genomes Project, should be avoided. We also show, both theoretically and empirically, that the size of the reference panel needs to scale with the GWAS sample size; this has important consequences for the application of these methods in ongoing GWAS meta-analyses and large biobank studies. We conclude by providing software tools and by recommending practices for sharing LD information to more efficiently exploit summary statistics in genetics research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Benner
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aki S Havulinna
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjo-Riitta Järvelin
- Center for Life-Course Health Research and Northern Finland Cohort Center, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, 90220 Oulu, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matti Pirinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Institute for Information Technology and Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wheeler E, Marenne G, Barroso I. Genetic aetiology of glycaemic traits: approaches and insights. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:R172-R184. [PMID: 28977447 PMCID: PMC5886471 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycaemic traits such as fasting and post-challenge glucose and insulin measures, as well as glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), are used to diagnose and monitor diabetes. These traits are risk factors for cardiovascular disease even below the diabetic threshold, and their study can additionally yield insights into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. To date, a diverse set of genetic approaches have led to the discovery of over 97 loci influencing glycaemic traits. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the genetic aetiology of glycaemic traits, and the resulting biological insights. We will provide a brief overview of results ranging from common, to low- and rare-frequency variant-trait association studies, studies leveraging the diversity across populations, and studies harnessing the power of genetic and genomic approaches to gain insights into the biological underpinnings of these traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Wheeler
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Gaëlle Marenne
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Inês Barroso
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Manry J, Nédélec Y, Fava VM, Cobat A, Orlova M, Thuc NV, Thai VH, Laval G, Barreiro LB, Schurr E. Deciphering the genetic control of gene expression following Mycobacterium leprae antigen stimulation. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006952. [PMID: 28793313 PMCID: PMC5565194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leprosy is a human infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. A strong host genetic contribution to leprosy susceptibility is well established. However, the modulation of the transcriptional response to infection and the mechanism(s) of disease control are poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge of leprosy pathogenicity, we conducted a genome-wide search for expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) that are associated with transcript variation before and after stimulation with M. leprae sonicate in whole blood cells. We show that M. leprae antigen stimulation mainly triggered the upregulation of immune related genes and that a substantial proportion of the differential gene expression is genetically controlled. Indeed, using stringent criteria, we identified 318 genes displaying cis-eQTL at an FDR of 0.01, including 66 genes displaying response-eQTL (reQTL), i.e. cis-eQTL that showed significant evidence for interaction with the M. leprae stimulus. Such reQTL correspond to regulatory variations that affect the interaction between human whole blood cells and M. leprae sonicate and, thus, likely between the human host and M. leprae bacilli. We found that reQTL were significantly enriched among binding sites of transcription factors that are activated in response to infection, and that they were enriched among single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with susceptibility to leprosy per se and Type-I Reaction, and seven of them have been targeted by recent positive selection. Our study suggested that natural selection shaped our genomic diversity to face pathogen exposure including M. leprae infection. Each year, 200,000 new leprosy cases are reported worldwide. While there is unambiguous evidence for a role of host genetics in leprosy pathogenesis, the mechanisms by which the human host fights the infection are poorly understood. Here, we highlight the search for naturally occurring genetic variations that modulate gene expression levels following exposure to sonicate of Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium causing the disease. Because M. leprae is not cultivable and the genuine immune cells involved in the host response during infection are still unknown, we performed a genome-wide search for such genetic variations after stimulation of whole-blood from leprosy patients with M. leprae sonicate. This design allowed to provide a general framework for the genetic control of host responses to M. leprae and outlined the contribution of host genetics to leprosy pathogenesis. Among the M. leprae-dependent genetic regulators of gene expression levels there was an enrichment of variants (i) associated with leprosy, (ii) located in transcription factor binding sites and (iii) targeted by recent positive selection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Manry
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (ES); (JM)
| | - Yohann Nédélec
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vinicius M. Fava
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aurélie Cobat
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U.1163, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marianna Orlova
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Vu Hong Thai
- Hospital for Dermato-Venerology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Guillaume Laval
- Institut Pasteur, Unit of Human Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Genomes and Genetics, Paris, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, URA3012, Paris, France
- Center of Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Integrative Biology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Luis B. Barreiro
- Department of Genetics, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erwin Schurr
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- McGill International TB Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail: (ES); (JM)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
The last decade has witnessed an explosion in the depth, variety, and amount of human genetic data that can be generated. This revolution in technical and analytical capacities has enabled the genetic investigation of human traits and disease in thousands to now millions of participants. Investigators have taken advantage of these advancements to gain insight into platelet biology and the platelet's role in human disease. To do so, large human genetics studies have examined the association of genetic variation with two quantitative traits measured in many population and patient based cohorts: platelet count (PLT) and mean platelet volume (MPV). This article will review the many human genetic strategies-ranging from genome-wide association study (GWAS), Exomechip, whole exome sequencing (WES), to whole genome sequencing (WGS)-employed to identify genes and variants that contribute to platelet traits. Additionally, we will discuss how these investigations have examined and interpreted the functional implications of these newly identified genetic factors and whether they also impart risk to human disease. The depth and size of genetic, phenotypic, and other -omic data are primed to continue their growth in the coming years and provide unprecedented opportunities to gain critical insights into platelet biology and how platelets contribute to disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Eicher
- a Population Sciences Branch , National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study , Framingham , MA , USA
| | - Guillaume Lettre
- b Department of Medicine , Université de Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada.,c Montreal Heart Institute , Montréal , Québec , Canada
| | - Andrew D Johnson
- a Population Sciences Branch , National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, The Framingham Heart Study , Framingham , MA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tachmazidou I, Süveges D, Min JL, Ritchie GRS, Steinberg J, Walter K, Iotchkova V, Schwartzentruber J, Huang J, Memari Y, McCarthy S, Crawford AA, Bombieri C, Cocca M, Farmaki AE, Gaunt TR, Jousilahti P, Kooijman MN, Lehne B, Malerba G, Männistö S, Matchan A, Medina-Gomez C, Metrustry SJ, Nag A, Ntalla I, Paternoster L, Rayner NW, Sala C, Scott WR, Shihab HA, Southam L, St Pourcain B, Traglia M, Trajanoska K, Zaza G, Zhang W, Artigas MS, Bansal N, Benn M, Chen Z, Danecek P, Lin WY, Locke A, Luan J, Manning AK, Mulas A, Sidore C, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Varbo A, Zoledziewska M, Finan C, Hatzikotoulas K, Hendricks AE, Kemp JP, Moayyeri A, Panoutsopoulou K, Szpak M, Wilson SG, Boehnke M, Cucca F, Di Angelantonio E, Langenberg C, Lindgren C, McCarthy MI, Morris AP, Nordestgaard BG, Scott RA, Tobin MD, Wareham NJ, Burton P, Chambers JC, Smith GD, Dedoussis G, Felix JF, Franco OH, Gambaro G, Gasparini P, Hammond CJ, Hofman A, Jaddoe VWV, Kleber M, Kooner JS, Perola M, Relton C, Ring SM, Rivadeneira F, Salomaa V, Spector TD, Stegle O, Toniolo D, Uitterlinden AG, Barroso I, Greenwood CMT, Perry JRB, Walker BR, Butterworth AS, Xue Y, Durbin R, Small KS, Soranzo N, Timpson NJ, Zeggini E. Whole-Genome Sequencing Coupled to Imputation Discovers Genetic Signals for Anthropometric Traits. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 100:865-884. [PMID: 28552196 PMCID: PMC5473732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Deep sequence-based imputation can enhance the discovery power of genome-wide association studies by assessing previously unexplored variation across the common- and low-frequency spectra. We applied a hybrid whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and deep imputation approach to examine the broader allelic architecture of 12 anthropometric traits associated with height, body mass, and fat distribution in up to 267,616 individuals. We report 106 genome-wide significant signals that have not been previously identified, including 9 low-frequency variants pointing to functional candidates. Of the 106 signals, 6 are in genomic regions that have not been implicated with related traits before, 28 are independent signals at previously reported regions, and 72 represent previously reported signals for a different anthropometric trait. 71% of signals reside within genes and fine mapping resolves 23 signals to one or two likely causal variants. We confirm genetic overlap between human monogenic and polygenic anthropometric traits and find signal enrichment in cis expression QTLs in relevant tissues. Our results highlight the potential of WGS strategies to enhance biologically relevant discoveries across the frequency spectrum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Tachmazidou
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Dániel Süveges
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Josine L Min
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Graham R S Ritchie
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences & Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK; MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4UX, UK
| | - Julia Steinberg
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Klaudia Walter
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Valentina Iotchkova
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | | | - Jie Huang
- Boston VA Research Institute, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Yasin Memari
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Shane McCarthy
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrew A Crawford
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Cristina Bombieri
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Cocca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Aliki-Eleni Farmaki
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Tom R Gaunt
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Marjolein N Kooijman
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Benjamin Lehne
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Giovanni Malerba
- Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona 37134, Italy
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Angela Matchan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Sarah J Metrustry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Abhishek Nag
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Lavinia Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nigel W Rayner
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Cinzia Sala
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - William R Scott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - Hashem A Shihab
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Lorraine Southam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen 6500, the Netherlands
| | - Michela Traglia
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Katerina Trajanoska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Gialuigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Verona University Hospital, Verona 37126, Italy
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK
| | - María S Artigas
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Narinder Bansal
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Marianne Benn
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Zhongsheng Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Petr Danecek
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Wei-Yu Lin
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Adam Locke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63108, USA
| | - Jian'an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alisa K Manning
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Medicine, Harvard University Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonella Mulas
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR), Cagliari 09100, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Carlo Sidore
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR), Cagliari 09100, Italy
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Anette Varbo
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | | | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - Audrey E Hendricks
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO 80204, USA
| | - John P Kemp
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK; University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Alireza Moayyeri
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London NW1 2DA, UK
| | | | - Michal Szpak
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Francesco Cucca
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB-CNR), Cagliari 09100, Italy; Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari 07100, Italy
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Claudia Langenberg
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Cecilia Lindgren
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, The Big Data Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mark I McCarthy
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK; Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Andrew P Morris
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK; Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Tartumaa 51010, Estonia
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2200, Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Robert A Scott
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
| | - Nicholas J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Burton
- D2K Research Group, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - John C Chambers
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK; Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens 17671, Greece
| | - Janine F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital, Catholic University, Rome 00168, Italy
| | - Paolo Gasparini
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste 34100, Italy; Medical Genetics, Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS "Burlo Garofolo", Trieste 34100, Italy
| | - Christopher J Hammond
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus Kleber
- Vth Department of Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim 68167, Germany
| | - Jaspal S Kooner
- Department of Cardiology, Ealing Hospital NHS Trust, Middlesex UB1 3EU, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London W2 1NY, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland; Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Tartumaa 51010, Estonia; Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00290, Finland
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Susan M Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki 00271, Finland
| | - Timothy D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Daniela Toniolo
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3000 CA, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Inês Barroso
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Celia M T Greenwood
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A2, Canada; Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H2W 1S6, Canada
| | - John R B Perry
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK; MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brian R Walker
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health & Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Yali Xue
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Richard Durbin
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Kerrin S Small
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB1 8RN, UK; Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hodonsky CJ, Jain D, Schick UM, Morrison JV, Brown L, McHugh CP, Schurmann C, Chen DD, Liu YM, Auer PL, Laurie CA, Taylor KD, Browning BL, Li Y, Papanicolaou G, Rotter JI, Kurita R, Nakamura Y, Browning SR, Loos RJF, North KE, Laurie CC, Thornton TA, Pankratz N, Bauer DE, Sofer T, Reiner AP. Genome-wide association study of red blood cell traits in Hispanics/Latinos: The Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006760. [PMID: 28453575 PMCID: PMC5428979 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior GWAS have identified loci associated with red blood cell (RBC) traits in populations of European, African, and Asian ancestry. These studies have not included individuals with an Amerindian ancestral background, such as Hispanics/Latinos, nor evaluated the full spectrum of genomic variation beyond single nucleotide variants. Using a custom genotyping array enriched for Amerindian ancestral content and 1000 Genomes imputation, we performed GWAS in 12,502 participants of Hispanic Community Health Study and Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) for hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, RBC distribution width (RDW), and RBC indices. Approximately 60% of previously reported RBC trait loci generalized to HCHS/SOL Hispanics/Latinos, including African ancestral alpha- and beta-globin gene variants. In addition to the known 3.8kb alpha-globin copy number variant, we identified an Amerindian ancestral association in an alpha-globin regulatory region on chromosome 16p13.3 for mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin. We also discovered and replicated three genome-wide significant variants in previously unreported loci for RDW (SLC12A2 rs17764730, PSMB5 rs941718), and hematocrit (PROX1 rs3754140). Among the proxy variants at the SLC12A2 locus we identified rs3812049, located in a bi-directional promoter between SLC12A2 (which encodes a red cell membrane ion-transport protein) and an upstream anti-sense long-noncoding RNA, LINC01184, as the likely causal variant. We further demonstrate that disruption of the regulatory element harboring rs3812049 affects transcription of SLC12A2 and LINC01184 in human erythroid progenitor cells. Together, these results reinforce the importance of genetic study of diverse ancestral populations, in particular Hispanics/Latinos.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chani J. Hodonsky
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Deepti Jain
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ursula M. Schick
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jean V. Morrison
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Lisa Brown
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Caitlin P. McHugh
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Claudia Schurmann
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Diane D. Chen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Yong Mei Liu
- School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - Paul L. Auer
- Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Cecilia A. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Kent D. Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA United States of America
| | - Brian L. Browning
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA United States of America
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - George Papanicolaou
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA United States of America
| | - Ryo Kurita
- Research and Development Department, Central Blood Institute, Blood Service Headquarters, Japanese Red Cross Society, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakamura
- Cell Engineering Division, RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Comprehensive Human Sciences, Tsukuba University, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sharon R. Browning
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Ruth J. F. Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kari E. North
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Cathy C. Laurie
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Thornton
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Division of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Tamar Sofer
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Alex P. Reiner
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Despite thousands of genetic loci identified to date, a large proportion of genetic variation predisposing to complex disease and traits remains unaccounted for. Advances in sequencing technology enable focused explorations on the contribution of low-frequency and rare variants to human traits. Here we review experimental approaches and current knowledge on the contribution of these genetic variants in complex disease and discuss challenges and opportunities for personalised medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Bomba
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Klaudia Walter
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, CB10 1HH, UK. .,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Hills Rd, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK. .,The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit (NIHR BTRU) in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human genetic studies have been successfully used to identify genes and pathways relevant to human biology. Using genetic instruments composed of loci associated with human lipid traits, recent studies have begun to clarify the causal role of major lipid fractions in risk of cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS The causal relationship between LDL cholesterol and coronary disease has been firmly established. Of the remaining two major fractions, recent studies have found that HDL cholesterol is not likely to be a causal particle in atherogenesis, and have instead shifted the causal focus to triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. Subsequent results are refining this view to suggest that triglycerides themselves might not be causal, but instead may be a surrogate for the causal cholesterol content within this fraction. Other studies have used a similar approach to address the association between lipid fractions and risk of type 2 diabetes. Beyond genetic variation in the target of statin medications, reduced LDL cholesterol associated with multiple genes encoding current or prospective drug targets associated with increased diabetic risk. In addition, genetically lower HDL cholesterol and genetically lower triglycerides both appear to increase risk of type 2 diabetes. SUMMARY Results of these and future human genetic studies are positioned to provide substantive insights into the causal relationship between lipids and human disease, and should highlight mechanisms with important implications for our understanding of human biology and future lipid-altering therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan O Stitziel
- aCardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine bDepartment of Genetics cMcDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| |
Collapse
|