1
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Burgess MO, Janas P, Berry K, Mayr H, Mack M, Jenkins SJ, Bain CC, McSorley HJ, Schwarze J. Helminth induced monocytosis conveys protection from respiratory syncytial virus infection in mice. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 38924546 DOI: 10.1111/all.16206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infants is a major cause of viral bronchiolitis and hospitalisation. We have previously shown in a murine model that ongoing infection with the gut helminth Heligmosomoides polygyrus protects against RSV infection through type I interferon (IFN-I) dependent reduction of viral load. Yet, the cellular basis for this protection has remained elusive. Given that recruitment of mononuclear phagocytes to the lung is critical for early RSV infection control, we assessed their role in this coinfection model. METHODS Mice were infected by oral gavage with H. polygyrus. Myeloid immune cell populations were assessed by flow cytometry in lung, blood and bone marrow throughout infection and after secondary infection with RSV. Monocyte numbers were depleted by anti-CCR2 antibody or increased by intravenous transfer of enriched monocytes. RESULTS H. polygyrus infection induces bone marrow monopoiesis, increasing circulatory monocytes and lung mononuclear phagocytes in a IFN-I signalling dependent manner. This expansion causes enhanced lung mononuclear phagocyte counts early in RSV infection that may contribute to the reduction of RSV load. Depletion or supplementation of circulatory monocytes prior to RSV infection confirms that these are both necessary and sufficient for helminth induced antiviral protection. CONCLUSIONS H. polygyrus infection induces systemic monocytosis contributing to elevated mononuclear phagocyte numbers in the lung. These cells are central to an anti-viral effect that reduces the peak viral load in RSV infection. Treatments to promote or modulate these cells may provide novel paths to control RSV infection in high risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew O Burgess
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Piotr Janas
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Karla Berry
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Hannah Mayr
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Mack
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stephen J Jenkins
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Calum C Bain
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Henry J McSorley
- Cell Signalling and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Jurgen Schwarze
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Child Life and Health, Centre for Inflammation Research, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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2
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Huff LK, Amurgis CM, Kokai LE, Abbott RD. Optimization and validation of a fat-on-a-chip model for non-invasive therapeutic drug discovery. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1404327. [PMID: 38988864 PMCID: PMC11235003 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1404327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a significant public health concern that is closely associated with various comorbidities such as heart disease, stroke, type II diabetes (T2D), and certain cancers. Due to the central role of adipose tissue in many disease etiologies and the pervasive nature in the body, engineered adipose tissue models are essential for drug discovery and studying disease progression. This study validates a fat-on-a-chip (FOAC) model derived from primary mature adipocytes. Our FOAC model uses a Micronit perfusion device and introduces a novel approach for collecting continuous data by using two non-invasive readout techniques, resazurin and glucose uptake. The Micronit platform proved to be a reproducible model that can effectively maintain adipocyte viability, metabolic activity, and basic functionality, and is capable of mimicking physiologically relevant responses such as adipocyte hypertrophy and insulin-mediated glucose uptake. Importantly, we demonstrate that adipocyte size is highly dependent on extracellular matrix properties, as adipocytes derived from different patients with variable starting lipid areas equilibrate to the same size in the hyaluronic acid hydrogel. This model can be used to study T2D and monitor adipocyte responses to insulin for longitudinally tracking therapeutic efficacy of novel drugs or drug combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K. Huff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Charles M. Amurgis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Lauren E. Kokai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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3
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Ahmad Z, Kahloan W, Rosen ED. Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0. [PMID: 38769435 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) comprise a family of nine transcription factors in mammals. IRFs exert broad effects on almost all aspects of immunity but are best known for their role in the antiviral response. Over the past two decades, IRFs have been implicated in metabolic physiology and pathophysiology, partly as a result of their known functions in immune cells, but also because of direct actions in adipocytes, hepatocytes, myocytes and neurons. This Review focuses predominantly on IRF3 and IRF4, which have been the subject of the most intense investigation in this area. IRF3 is located in the cytosol and undergoes activation and nuclear translocation in response to various signals, including stimulation of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors and the cGAS-STING pathways. IRF3 promotes weight gain, primarily by inhibiting adipose thermogenesis, and also induces inflammation and insulin resistance using both weight-dependent and weight-independent mechanisms. IRF4, meanwhile, is generally pro-thermogenic and anti-inflammatory and has profound effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis. Finally, new data are emerging on the role of other IRF family members in metabolic homeostasis. Taken together, data indicate that IRFs serve as critical yet underappreciated integrators of metabolic and inflammatory stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunair Ahmad
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Bahrain
| | - Wahab Kahloan
- AdventHealth Orlando Family Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Evan D Rosen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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4
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Roca-Rivada A, Do Cruzeiro M, Denis RG, Zhang Q, Rouault C, Rouillé Y, Launay JM, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Mattot V, Clément K, Jockers R, Dam J. Whole-body deletion of Endospanin 1 protects from obesity-associated deleterious metabolic alterations. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e168418. [PMID: 38716728 PMCID: PMC11141941 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.168418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The importance of the proper localization of most receptors at the cell surface is often underestimated, although this feature is essential for optimal receptor response. Endospanin 1 (Endo1) (also known as OBRGRP or LEPROT) is a protein generated from the same gene as the human leptin receptor and regulates the trafficking of proteins to the surface, including the leptin receptor. The systemic role of Endo1 on whole-body metabolism has not been studied so far. Here, we report that general Endo1-KO mice fed a high-fat diet develop metabolically healthy obesity with lipid repartitioning in organs and preferential accumulation of fat in adipose tissue, limited systematic inflammation, and better controlled glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, Endo1 interacts with the lipid translocase CD36, thus regulating its surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes. In humans, the level of Endo1 transcripts is increased in the adipose tissue of patients with obesity, but low levels rather correlate with a profile of metabolically healthy obesity. We suggest here that Endo1, most likely by controlling CD36 cell surface abundance and lipid uptake in adipocytes, dissociates obesity from diabetes and that its absence participates in metabolically healthy obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Roca-Rivada
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Marcio Do Cruzeiro
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Raphaël G.P. Denis
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Christine Rouault
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Université de Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
| | | | | | - Virginie Mattot
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, CHU Lille, Laboratory of Development and Plasticity of the Neuroendocrine Brain, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, UMR-S1172, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Karine Clément
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm, Nutrition and obesities: systemic approaches, Nutriomics, Department of Nutrition, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Assistance Publique Hopitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ralf Jockers
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Julie Dam
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, F-75014 Paris, France
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5
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Peng C, Chen J, Wu R, Jiang H, Li J. Unraveling the complex roles of macrophages in obese adipose tissue: an overview. Front Med 2024; 18:205-236. [PMID: 38165533 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, a heterogeneous population of innate immune cells, exhibit remarkable plasticity and play pivotal roles in coordinating immune responses and maintaining tissue homeostasis within the context of metabolic diseases. The activation of inflammatory macrophages in obese adipose tissue leads to detrimental effects, inducing insulin resistance through increased inflammation, impaired thermogenesis, and adipose tissue fibrosis. Meanwhile, adipose tissue macrophages also play a beneficial role in maintaining adipose tissue homeostasis by regulating angiogenesis, facilitating the clearance of dead adipocytes, and promoting mitochondrial transfer. Exploring the heterogeneity of macrophages in obese adipose tissue is crucial for unraveling the pathogenesis of obesity and holds significant potential for targeted therapeutic interventions. Recently, the dual effects and some potential regulatory mechanisms of macrophages in adipose tissue have been elucidated using single-cell technology. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the intricate activation mechanisms and diverse functions of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity, as well as explore the potential of drug delivery systems targeting macrophages, aiming to enhance the understanding of current regulatory mechanisms that may be potentially targeted for treating obesity or metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Dental Technology and Materials, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Rui Wu
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Haowen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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6
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Al-Onaizi M, Braysh K, Alkafeef SS, Altarrah D, Dannoon S, Alasousi D, Adel H, Al-Ajmi M, Kandari A, Najem R, Nizam R, Williams MR, John S, Thanaraj TA, Ahmad R, Al-Hussaini H, Al-Mulla F, Alzaid F. Glucose intolerance induces anxiety-like behaviors independent of obesity and insulin resistance in a novel model of nutritional metabolic stress. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38319634 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2310419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease of major public health concern. It impacts peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, leading to systemic dysmetabolism and neurocognitive impairments, including memory deficits, anxiety, and depression. The metabolic determinants of these neurocognitive impairments remain unidentified. Here, we sought to address this question by developing a proprietary (P-) high-fat diet (HFD), in which glucose intolerance precedes weight gain and insulin resistance. METHODS The P-HFD model was nutritionally characterized, and tested in vivo in mice that underwent behavioral and metabolic testing. The diet was benchmarked against reference models. . RESULTS P-HFD has 42% kcal from fat, high monounsaturated/polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio, and 10% (w/v) sucrose in drinking water. When administered, from the early stages of glucose intolerance alone, animals exhibit anxiety-like behavior, without depression nor recognition memory deficits. Long-term P-HFD feeding leads to weight gain, brain glucose hypometabolism as well as impaired recognition memory. Using an established genetic model of T2D (db/db) and of diet-induced obesity (60% kcal from fat) we show that additional insulin resistance and obesity are associated with depressive-like behaviors and recognition memory deficits. DISCUSSION Our findings demonstrate that glucose intolerance alone can elicit anxiety-like behavior. Through this study, we also provide a novel nutritional model (P-HFD) to characterize the discrete effects of glucose intolerance on cognition, behavior, and the physiology of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Al-Onaizi
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Kawthar Braysh
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Selma S Alkafeef
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dana Altarrah
- Faculty of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Shorouk Dannoon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alasousi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hawraa Adel
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Ajmi
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biochemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anwar Kandari
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rawan Najem
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Sumi John
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Heba Al-Hussaini
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | | | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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7
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Wang Y, Liu Z, Song S, Wang J, Jin C, Jia L, Ma Y, Yuan T, Cai Z, Xiang M. IRF5 governs macrophage adventitial infiltration to fuel abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e171488. [PMID: 38175709 PMCID: PMC11143966 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.171488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the expansion of the aortic wall. One of the most significant features is the infiltration of macrophages in the adventitia, which drives vasculature remodeling. The role of macrophage-derived interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) in macrophage infiltration and AAA formation remains unknown. RNA sequencing of AAA adventitia identified Irf5 as the top significantly increased transcription factor that is predominantly expressed in macrophages. Global and myeloid cell-specific deficiency of Irf5 reduced AAA progression, with a marked reduction in macrophage infiltration. Further cellular investigations indicated that IRF5 promotes macrophage migration by direct regulation of downstream phosphoinositide 3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ, Pik3cg). Pik3cg ablation hindered AAA progression, and myeloid cell-specific salvage of Pik3cg restored AAA progression and macrophage infiltration derived from Irf5 deficiency. Finally, we found that IRF5 and PI3Kγ expression in the adventitia is significantly increased in patients with AAA. These findings reveal that the IRF5-dependent regulation of PI3Kγ is essential for AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidong Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Chunna Jin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Liangliang Jia
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Yuankun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Tan Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Zhejun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, and
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8
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Fumeron F, Velho G, Alzaid F, El Boustany R, Vandiedonck C, Bonnefond A, Froguel P, Potier L, Marre M, Balkau B, Roussel R, Venteclef N. Genetic variants of interferon-response factor 5 are associated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease: the D.E.S.I.R. study. Genes Immun 2023; 24:303-308. [PMID: 37978231 PMCID: PMC10721545 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00229-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation has been associated with renal diseases. The Interferon Regulatory Factor (IRF)-5 is a key transcription factor in the pro-inflammatory polarization of M1-like macrophages. GWAS have reported that the IRF5 locus is associated with autoimmune diseases and with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). We study whether allelic variations in IRF5 are associated with the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a general population. We genotyped eleven IRF5 SNPs in the French D.E.S.I.R. cohort from the general population (n = 4820). Associations of SNPs with baseline renal parameters were assessed. Data were analyzed for three endpoints during a 9-year follow-up, incidence of:at least stage 3 CKD, the KDIGO criterion "certain drop in eGFR", and incidence of micro/macro albuminuria. In the cross-sectional analysis, rs10954213 and rs10954214 were associated with eGFR and rs1874328 with urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR). Rs3807306, rs11761199, rs78658945, rs1874328, rs10954213 and rs11770589 were associated with the incidence of stage 3 CKD in multi-adjusted models. Rs4731532, rs3807306, and rs11761199 were associated with the incidence of CKD defined by the KDIGO. Rs4731532, rs3807306, rs11761199 and rs79288514 were associated with the incidence of micro/macro albuminuria. Our results support the hypothesis of the importance of IRF5 mediated macrophage polarization in the etiology of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Fumeron
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France.
| | - Gilberto Velho
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ray El Boustany
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Claire Vandiedonck
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Amélie Bonnefond
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philippe Froguel
- Inserm U1283, CNRS UMR 8199, European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
- University of Lille, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Louis Potier
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Michel Marre
- Clinique Ambroise Paré, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, UMR-S 1018, University Paris-Sud, University Versailles Saint-Quentin, Villejuif, France
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Bichat Hospital, DHU FIRE, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
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9
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Rashid M, Kondoh K, Palfalvi G, Nakajima KI, Minokoshi Y. Inhibition of high-fat diet-induced inflammatory responses in adipose tissue by SF1-expressing neurons of the ventromedial hypothalamus. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112627. [PMID: 37339627 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and thermogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) at different sites influence the overall effects of obesity on metabolic health. In mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD), inflammatory responses are less pronounced in inguinal WAT (ingWAT) than in epididymal WAT (epiWAT). Here we show that ablation and activation of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF1)-expressing neurons in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) oppositely affect the expression of inflammation-related genes and the formation of crown-like structures by infiltrating macrophages in ingWAT, but not in epiWAT, of HFD-fed mice, with these effects being mediated by sympathetic nerves innervating ingWAT. In contrast, SF1 neurons of the VMH preferentially regulated the expression of thermogenesis-related genes in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of HFD-fed mice. These results suggest that SF1 neurons of the VMH differentially regulate inflammatory responses and thermogenesis among various adipose tissue depots and restrain inflammation associated with diet-induced obesity specifically in ingWAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Rashid
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Kunio Kondoh
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
| | - Gergo Palfalvi
- Division of Evolutionary Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Nakajima
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Minokoshi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Homeostatic Regulation, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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10
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Chavakis T, Alexaki VI, Ferrante AW. Macrophage function in adipose tissue homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:757-766. [PMID: 37012544 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01479-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic organ inflammation contributes to cardiometabolic disorders. In obese individuals, changes in lipid fluxes and storage elicit immune responses in the adipose tissue (AT), including expansion of immune cell populations and qualitative changes in the function of these cells. Although traditional models of metabolic inflammation posit that these immune responses disturb metabolic organ function, studies now suggest that immune cells, especially AT macrophages (ATMs), also have important adaptive functions in lipid homeostasis in states in which the metabolic function of adipocytes is taxed. Adverse consequences of AT metabolic inflammation might result from failure to maintain local lipid homeostasis and long-term effects on immune cells beyond the AT. Here we review the complex function of ATMs in AT homeostasis and metabolic inflammation. Additionally, we hypothesize that trained immunity, which involves long-term functional adaptations of myeloid cells and their bone marrow progenitors, can provide a model by which metabolic perturbations trigger chronic systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Chavakis
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anthony W Ferrante
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Human Nutrition, Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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11
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An autoimmune pleiotropic SNP modulates IRF5 alternative promoter usage through ZBTB3-mediated chromatin looping. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1208. [PMID: 36869052 PMCID: PMC9984425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36897-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic sharing is extensively observed for autoimmune diseases, but the causal variants and their underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. Through systematic investigation of autoimmune disease pleiotropic loci, we found most of these shared genetic effects are transmitted from regulatory code. We used an evidence-based strategy to functionally prioritize causal pleiotropic variants and identify their target genes. A top-ranked pleiotropic variant, rs4728142, yielded many lines of evidence as being causal. Mechanistically, the rs4728142-containing region interacts with the IRF5 alternative promoter in an allele-specific manner and orchestrates its upstream enhancer to regulate IRF5 alternative promoter usage through chromatin looping. A putative structural regulator, ZBTB3, mediates the allele-specific loop to promote IRF5-short transcript expression at the rs4728142 risk allele, resulting in IRF5 overactivation and M1 macrophage polarization. Together, our findings establish a causal mechanism between the regulatory variant and fine-scale molecular phenotype underlying the dysfunction of pleiotropic genes in human autoimmunity.
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12
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Mo H, Wang Z, He Z, Wan J, Lu R, Wang C, Chen A, Cheng P. Decreased Peli1 expression attenuates osteoarthritis by protecting chondrocytes and inhibiting M1-polarization of macrophages. Bone Joint Res 2023; 12:121-132. [PMID: 36718653 PMCID: PMC9950670 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.122.bjr-2022-0214.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Pellino1 (Peli1) has been reported to regulate various inflammatory diseases. This study aims to explore the role of Peli1 in the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA), so as to find new targets for the treatment of OA. METHODS After inhibiting Peli1 expression in chondrocytes with small interfering RNA (siRNA), interleukin (IL)-1β was used to simulate inflammation, and OA-related indicators such as synthesis, decomposition, inflammation, and apoptosis were detected. Toll-like receptor (TLR) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling pathway were detected. After inhibiting the expression of Peli1 in macrophages Raw 264.7 with siRNA and intervening with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the polarization index of macrophages was detected, and the supernatant of macrophage medium was extracted as conditioned medium to act on chondrocytes and detect the apoptosis index. The OA model of mice was established by destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) surgery, and adenovirus was injected into the knee cavity to reduce the expression of Peli1. The degree of cartilage destruction and synovitis were evaluated by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Safranin O/Fast Green staining, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS In chondrocytes, knockdown of Peli1 produced anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects by targeting the TLR and NF-κB signalling pathways. We found that in macrophages, knockdown of Peli1 can inhibit M1-type polarization of macrophages. In addition, the corresponding conditioned culture medium of macrophages applied to chondrocytes can also produce an anti-apoptotic effect. During in vivo experiments, the results have also shown that knockdown Peli1 reduces cartilage destruction and synovial inflammation. CONCLUSION Knockdown of Peli1 has a therapeutic effect on OA, which therefore makes it a potential therapeutic target for OA.Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2023;12(2):121-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haokun Mo
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhiyi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junlai Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenwen Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Anmin Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, Anmin Chen. E-mail:
| | - Peng Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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13
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Mercnik MH, Schliefsteiner C, Fluhr H, Wadsack C. Placental macrophages present distinct polarization pattern and effector functions depending on clinical onset of preeclampsia. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1095879. [PMID: 36713449 PMCID: PMC9878680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1095879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hofbauer cells (HBCs) are resident macrophages of the human placenta, regulating immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis. HBCs of a normal placenta (CTR) exhibit mainly an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Under exaggerated chronic inflammation during pregnancy, as in preeclampsia (PE), a phenotypic switch towards M1 polarization has been proposed. PE, defined as maternally derived syndrome can be distinguished into two different entities: early-onset (EO) preeclampsia and late-onset (LO) preeclampsia. Although the clinical presenting characteristics overlap, both can be identified by biochemical markers, heritability, and different maternal and fetal outcomes. To date, no study has specifically investigated polarization and phenotype of EO- and LO-PE HBCs and looked at possible changes in HBC functionality. Primary HBCs were isolated from CTR and PE placentae. First, in vitro morphological differences were observed between CTR and PE HBCs, with both PE groups exhibiting features of M1 macrophages alongside M2 forms. Interestingly, a different polarization pattern was observed between EO- and LO-PE HBCs. EO-PE HBCs develop a tissue remodeling M2 phenotype that is strongly shifted toward M1 polarization and showed a significant upregulation of CD86, TLR4, and HLA-DR. Furthermore, this pro-inflammatory signature is corroborated by higher expression of IRF5 and of NOS2 (p ≤ 0.05). However, their M2 characteristics is reflected by significant TGF-β secretion and ARG1 expression. In contrast, LO-PE HBCs developed a phagocytic CD209-low M2 phenotype in which the M1 pattern was not as pronounced as they downregulated the NOS2 gene, but expressed increased levels of pro-inflammatory CD80 and TLR1 (p ≤ 0.05). The enhanced phagocytosis and MMP-9 secretion alongside the increased secretion of anti-inflammatory IL -4, IL -13 and TGF-β in both EO- and LO-PE HBCs suggests their adaptive role and plasticity in resolving inflammation and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Herbert Fluhr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Christian Wadsack,
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14
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Jung HR, Oh Y, Jang D, Shin S, Lee SJ, Kim J, Lee SE, Oh J, Jang G, Kwon O, Lee Y, Lee HY, Cho SY. Gut bacteria-derived 3-phenylpropionylglycine mitigates adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells by inhibiting adiponectin-PPAR pathway. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:71-81. [PMID: 36434390 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01332-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gut microbiota provide numerous types of metabolites that humans cannot produce and have a huge influence on the host metabolism. Accordingly, gut bacteria-derived metabolites can be employed as a resource to develop anti-obesity and metabolism-modulating drugs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the anti-adipogenic effect of 3-phenylpropionylglycine (PPG), which is a glycine conjugate of bacteria-derived 3-phenylpropionic acid (PPA). METHODS The effect of PPG on preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation was evaluated in 3T3-L1 differentiation models and the degree of the differentiation was estimated by Oil red O staining. The molecular mechanisms of the PPG effect were investigated with transcriptome analyses using RNA-sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS PPG suppressed lipid droplet accumulation during the adipogenic differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells, which is attributed to down-regulation of lipogenic genes such as acetyl CoA carboxylase 1 (Acc1) and fatty acid synthase (Fasn). However, other chemicals with chemical structures similar to PPG, including cinnamoylglycine and hippuric acid, had little effect on the lipid accumulation of 3T3-L1 cells. In transcriptomic analysis, PPG suppressed the expression of adipogenesis and metabolism-related gene sets, which is highly associated with downregulation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway. Protein-protein association network analysis suggested adiponectin as a hub gene in the network of genes that were differentially expressed genes in response to PPG treatment. CONCLUSION PPG inhibits preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation by suppressing the adiponectin-PPAR pathway. These data provide a potential candidate from bacteria-derived metabolites with anti-adipogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Rim Jung
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumi Oh
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjae Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eun Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeik Oh
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Giyong Jang
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Obin Kwon
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonmi Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Young Lee
- Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999, Republic of Korea.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Yup Cho
- Medical Research Center, Genomic Medicine Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophages as a therapeutic target to promote diabetic wound healing. Mol Ther 2022; 30:2891-2908. [PMID: 35918892 PMCID: PMC9482022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that macrophages are key regulators of wound healing, displaying impressive plasticity and an evolving phenotype, from an aggressive pro-inflammatory or "M1" phenotype to a pro-healing or "M2" phenotype, depending on the wound healing stage, to ensure proper healing. Because dysregulated macrophage responses have been linked to impaired healing of diabetic wounds, macrophages are being considered as a therapeutic target for improved wound healing. In this review, we first discuss the role of macrophages in a normal skin wound healing process and discuss the aberrations that occur in macrophages under diabetic conditions. Next we provide an overview of recent macrophage-based therapeutic approaches, including delivery of ex-vivo-activated macrophages and delivery of pharmacological strategies aimed at eliminating or re-educating local skin macrophages. In particular, we focus on strategies to silence key regulator genes to repolarize wound macrophages to the M2 phenotype, and we provide a discussion of their potential future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Orliaguet L, Ejlalmanesh T, Humbert A, Ballaire R, Diedisheim M, Julla JB, Chokr D, Cuenco J, Michieletto J, Charbit J, Lindén D, Boucher J, Potier C, Hamimi A, Lemoine S, Blugeon C, Legoix P, Lameiras S, Baudrin LG, Baulande S, Soprani A, Castelli FA, Fenaille F, Riveline JP, Dalmas E, Rieusset J, Gautier JF, Venteclef N, Alzaid F. Early macrophage response to obesity encompasses Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 regulated mitochondrial architecture remodelling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5089. [PMID: 36042203 PMCID: PMC9427774 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32813-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) adapt to changes in their energetic microenvironment. Caloric excess, in a range from transient to diet-induced obesity, could result in the transition of ATMs from highly oxidative and protective to highly inflammatory and metabolically deleterious. Here, we demonstrate that Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is a key regulator of macrophage oxidative capacity in response to caloric excess. ATMs from mice with genetic-deficiency of Irf5 are characterised by increased oxidative respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential. Transient inhibition of IRF5 activity leads to a similar respiratory phenotype as genomic deletion, and is reversible by reconstitution of IRF5 expression. We find that the highly oxidative nature of Irf5-deficient macrophages results from transcriptional de-repression of the mitochondrial matrix component Growth Hormone Inducible Transmembrane Protein (GHITM) gene. The Irf5-deficiency-associated high oxygen consumption could be alleviated by experimental suppression of Ghitm expression. ATMs and monocytes from patients with obesity or with type-2 diabetes retain the reciprocal regulatory relationship between Irf5 and Ghitm. Thus, our study provides insights into the mechanism of how the inflammatory transcription factor IRF5 controls physiological adaptation to diet-induced obesity via regulating mitochondrial architecture in macrophages. Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 levels have been shown to increase in adipose tissue macrophages in diet-induced obesity. Here authors show that IRF5 transcriptionally represses the Growth Hormone Inducible Transmembrane Protein gene encoding a mitochondrial protein important for oxidative respiration in macrophages, thus driving the detrimental metabolic changes observed in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Orliaguet
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - T Ejlalmanesh
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - A Humbert
- CarMeN Laboratory, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA U1397, Lyon 1 University, F-69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - R Ballaire
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - M Diedisheim
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France.,Department of Diabetes, Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - J B Julla
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France.,Department of Diabetes, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - D Chokr
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - J Cuenco
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - J Michieletto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J Charbit
- Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie, maladies métaboliques, Hôpital Avicenne, 127 Rte de Stalingrad, 93 009, Bobigny, France
| | - D Lindén
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Boucher
- Bioscience Metabolism, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism (CVRM), BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Potier
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - A Hamimi
- INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - S Lemoine
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - C Blugeon
- GenomiqueENS, Institut de Biologie de l'ENS (IBENS), Département de biologie, École normale supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Université PSL, 75005, Paris, France
| | - P Legoix
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - S Lameiras
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - L G Baudrin
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - S Baulande
- Institut Curie Genomics of Excellence Platform, Institut Curie Research Center, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - A Soprani
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France.,Department of Digestive Surgery, Générale de Santé (GDS), Geoffroy Saint Hilaire Clinic, 75005, Paris, France
| | - F A Castelli
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - F Fenaille
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), MetaboHUB, F-91191, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - J P Riveline
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France.,Department of Diabetes, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - E Dalmas
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France
| | - J Rieusset
- CarMeN Laboratory, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA U1397, Lyon 1 University, F-69310, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - J F Gautier
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France.,Department of Diabetes, Lariboisière Hospital, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - N Venteclef
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France.
| | - F Alzaid
- INSERM UMR-S1151, CNRS UMR-S8253, Université Paris Cité, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, F-75015, Paris, France. .,INSERM UMR-S1138, Université Paris Cité, Sorbonne Université, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Paris, France. .,Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait, Kuwait.
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17
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The Role of Interferon Regulatory Factors in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent13020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common chronic liver disease with many metabolic comorbidities, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an advanced form of NAFLD, accompanies the progression of hepatic steatosis, inflammation, cell death, and varying degree of liver fibrosis. Interferons (IFNs) have been shown to play important roles in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and NASH. Their regulating transcriptional factors such as interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) can regulate IFN expression, as well as genes involved in macrophage polarization, which are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and advanced liver disease. In this review, the roles of IRF-involved signaling pathways in hepatic inflammation, insulin resistance, and immune cell activation are reviewed. IRFs such as IRF1 and IRF4 are also involved in the polarization of macrophages that contribute to critical roles in NAFLD or NASH pathogenesis. In addition, IRFs have been shown to be regulated by treatments including microRNAs, PPAR modulators, anti-inflammatory agents, and TLR agonists or antagonists. Modulating IRF-mediated factors through these treatments in chronic liver disease can ameliorate the progression of NAFLD to NASH. Furthermore, adenoviruses and CRISPR activation plasmids can also be applied to regulate IRF-mediated effects in chronic liver disease. Pre-clinical and clinical trials for evaluating IRF regulators in NAFLD treatment are essential in the future direction.
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18
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Espinosa De Ycaza AE, Søndergaard E, Morgan-Bathke M, Lytle K, Delivanis DA, Ramos P, Carranza Leon BG, Jensen MD. Adipose Tissue Inflammation Is Not Related to Adipose Insulin Resistance in Humans. Diabetes 2022; 71:381-393. [PMID: 34857544 PMCID: PMC8893944 DOI: 10.2337/db21-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in AT function in humans is unclear. We tested whether AT macrophage (ATM) content, cytokine gene expression, and senescent cell burden (markers of AT inflammation) predict AT insulin resistance measured as the insulin concentration that suppresses lipolysis by 50% (IC50). We studied 86 volunteers with normal weight or obesity at baseline and a subgroup of 25 volunteers with obesity before and after weight loss. There was a strong positive relationship between IC50 and abdominal subcutaneous and femoral fat cell size (FCS). The positive, univariate relationships between IC50 and abdominal AT inflammatory markers CD68, CD14, CD206 ATM/100 adipocytes, senescent cells, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA were not significant after adjustment for FCS. A 10% weight loss significantly reduced IC50; however, there was no reduction in adipose ATM content, senescent cells, or cytokine gene expression. Our study suggests that commonly used markers of AT inflammation are not causally linked to AT insulin resistance, whereas FCS is a strong predictor of AT insulin resistance with respect to lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Espinosa De Ycaza
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Panamá, Panama City, Republic of Panama
- Panamanian Institute of Biological Research, Panama City, Republic of Panama
| | - Esben Søndergaard
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Danish Diabetes Academy, Odense, Denmark
| | - Maria Morgan-Bathke
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Nutrition and Dietetics, Viterbo University, La Crosse, WI
| | - Kelli Lytle
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Paola Ramos
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Barbara Gisella Carranza Leon
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Michael D. Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
- Corresponding author: Michael D. Jensen,
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19
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Edsfeldt A, Swart M, Singh P, Dib L, Sun J, Cole JE, Park I, Al-Sharify D, Persson A, Nitulescu M, Borges PDN, Kassiteridi C, Goddard ME, Lee R, Volkov P, Orho-Melander M, Maegdefessel L, Nilsson J, Udalova I, Goncalves I, Monaco C. Interferon regulatory factor-5-dependent CD11c+ macrophages contribute to the formation of rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaques. Eur Heart J 2022; 43:1864-1877. [PMID: 35567557 PMCID: PMC9113304 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is a key factor in atherosclerosis. The transcription factor interferon regulatory factor-5 (IRF5) drives macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory state. We investigated the role of IRF5 in human atherosclerosis and plaque stability. METHODS AND RESULTS Bulk RNA sequencing from the Carotid Plaque Imaging Project biobank were used to mine associations between major macrophage associated genes and transcription factors and human symptomatic carotid disease. Immunohistochemistry, proximity extension assays, and Helios cytometry by time of flight (CyTOF) were used for validation. The effect of IRF5 deficiency on carotid plaque phenotype and rupture in ApoE-/- mice was studied in an inducible model of plaque rupture. Interferon regulatory factor-5 and ITGAX/CD11c were identified as the macrophage associated genes with the strongest associations with symptomatic carotid disease. Expression of IRF5 and ITGAX/CD11c correlated with the vulnerability index, pro-inflammatory plaque cytokine levels, necrotic core area, and with each other. Macrophages were the predominant CD11c-expressing immune cells in the plaque by CyTOF and immunohistochemistry. Interferon regulatory factor-5 immunopositive areas were predominantly found within CD11c+ areas with a predilection for the shoulder region, the area of the human plaque most prone to rupture. Accordingly, an inducible plaque rupture model of ApoE-/-Irf5-/- mice had significantly lower frequencies of carotid plaque ruptures, smaller necrotic cores, and less CD11c+ macrophages than their IRF5-competent counterparts. CONCLUSION Using complementary evidence from data from human carotid endarterectomies and a murine model of inducible rupture of carotid artery plaque in IRF5-deficient mice, we demonstrate a mechanistic link between the pro-inflammatory transcription factor IRF5, macrophage phenotype, plaque inflammation, and its vulnerability to rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Edsfeldt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden,Department of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund/Malmö, Sweden,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maarten Swart
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Pratibha Singh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lea Dib
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Jiangming Sun
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jennifer E Cole
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Inhye Park
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Dania Al-Sharify
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ana Persson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Mihaela Nitulescu
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Patricia Das Neves Borges
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Kassiteridi
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael E Goddard
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Regent Lee
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Oxford, University of Oxford
| | - Petr Volkov
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich and DZHK Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Irina Udalova
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Claudia Monaco
- Corresponding author. Tel: +44 1865 612636, Fax: +44 1865 612601,
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20
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Al-Koofee DA, Omara AM, Abulrazzaq AB, Zaid R. The risk factor for instability metabolic health and severity. MATERIALS TODAY: PROCEEDINGS 2022; 60:1606-1610. [PMID: 34976745 PMCID: PMC8715316 DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease -19 (COVID-19) pandemic has extended from late 2019 and continues to this day. The degree of the disease is related to some factors, including age and comorbidities. Obesity is now more widely considered as a main factor of infection, mainly because it has been shown that individuals who are obese have a more severe course of infection with COVID-19. This review study summarized the relationship between the risk of obesity and COVID-19 and detected a difference in reporting from the period of the first pandemic in China to more recent studies. Obesity is a risk factor for developing signs and symptoms of patients with COVID-19 and this review will benefit clinicians by recognizing the role of obesity when giving COVID-19 diagnosis, follow-up, and treatment programs.
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21
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Liu L, Hu J, Wang Y, Lei H, Xu D. The role and research progress of the balance and interaction between regulatory T cells and other immune cells in obesity with insulin resistance. Adipocyte 2021; 10:66-79. [PMID: 33472506 PMCID: PMC7834085 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2021.1876375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue plays a major role in obesity-related insulin resistance (IR). Regulatory T (Treg) cells have been recorded to regulate metabolic homoeostasis in adipose tissue. However, their specific mechanism is not yet known. This review aims to present the role of Treg cells and other immune cells in obesity-associated IR, focusing on the balance of numbers and functions of Treg cells and other immune cells as well as the crucial role of their interactions in maintaining adipose tissue homoeostasis. Th1 cells, Th17 cells, CD8+ T cells, and pro-inflammatory macrophages mediate the occurrence of obesity and IR by antagonizing Treg cells, while anti-inflammatory dendritic cells, eosinophils and type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) regulate the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue by promoting the proliferation and differentiation of Treg cells. γ δ T cells and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells have complex effects on Treg cells, and their roles in obesity-associated IR are controversial. The balance of Treg cells and other immune cells can help maintain the metabolic homoeostasis of adipose tissue. Further research needs to explore more specific molecular mechanisms, thus providing more precise directions for the treatment of obesity with IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiahui Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Lei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danyan Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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22
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Leipner J, Dederichs TS, von Ehr A, Rauterberg S, Ehlert C, Merz J, Dufner B, Hoppe N, Krebs K, Heidt T, von Zur Muehlen C, Stachon P, Ley K, Wolf D, Zirlik A, Bode C, Hilgendorf I, Härdtner C. Myeloid cell-specific Irf5 deficiency stabilizes atherosclerotic plaques in Apoe -/- mice. Mol Metab 2021; 53:101250. [PMID: 33991749 PMCID: PMC8178123 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interferon regulatory factor (IRF) 5 is a transcription factor known for promoting M1 type macrophage polarization in vitro. Given the central role of inflammatory macrophages in promoting atherosclerotic plaque progression, we hypothesize that myeloid cell-specific deletion of IRF5 is protective against atherosclerosis. METHODS Female Apoe-/-LysmCre/+Irf5fl/fl and Apoe-/-Irf5fl/fl mice were fed a high-cholesterol diet for three months. Atherosclerotic plaque size and compositions as well as inflammatory gene expression were analyzed. Mechanistically, IRF5-dependent bone marrow-derived macrophage cytokine profiles were tested under M1 and M2 polarizing conditions. Mixed bone marrow chimeras were generated to determine intrinsic IRF5-dependent effects on macrophage accumulation in atherosclerotic plaques. RESULTS Myeloid cell-specific Irf5 deficiency blunted LPS/IFNγ-induced inflammatory gene expression in vitro and in the atherosclerotic aorta in vivo. While atherosclerotic lesion size was not reduced in myeloid cell-specific Irf5-deficient Apoe-/- mice, plaque composition was favorably altered, resembling a stable plaque phenotype with reduced macrophage and lipid contents, reduced inflammatory gene expression and increased collagen deposition alongside elevated Mertk and Tgfβ expression. Irf5-deficient macrophages, when directly competing with wild type macrophages in the same mouse, were less prone to accumulate in atherosclerotic lesion, independent of monocyte recruitment. Irf5-deficient monocytes, when exposed to oxidized low density lipoprotein, were less likely to differentiate into macrophage foam cells, and Irf5-deficient macrophages proliferated less in the plaque. CONCLUSION Our study provides genetic evidence that selectively altering macrophage polarization induces a stable plaque phenotype in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Leipner
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Tsai-Sang Dederichs
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Alexander von Ehr
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Simon Rauterberg
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Carolin Ehlert
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Julian Merz
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Bianca Dufner
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Natalie Hoppe
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Katja Krebs
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Timo Heidt
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Constantin von Zur Muehlen
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Peter Stachon
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, Division of Inflammation Biology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Dennis Wolf
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- LKH-University Hospital Graz, Department of Cardiology, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| | - Christoph Bode
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Carmen Härdtner
- University Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, 55 Hugstetter St, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Vega-Beyhart A, Ibarzabal A, Balibrea JM, Graupera I, Rimola J, Vidal J, de Hollanda A. A Distinctive NAFLD Signature in Adipose Tissue from Women with Severe Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910541. [PMID: 34638880 PMCID: PMC8509058 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Development and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) have been linked to obesity and white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction plays a key role in this relation. We compared the main features of subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral WAT (VAT) tissue dysfunction in 48 obese women without (Ob) and with NAFLD (Ob-NAFLD) undergoing bariatric surgery and matched for age, BMI and T2D status. Fat cell area, adipocyte size distribution, the degree of histological fibrosis and the mRNA expression of adipokines and genes implicated in inflammation, adipogenesis, angiogenesis, metabolism and extracellular matrix remodeling were measured by RT-qPCR in both fat depots. Ob-NAFLD group showed higher TG and lower HDL circulating levels, increased VAT fat cell area and similar WAT fibrosis in comparison with Ob group. A sPLS-DA was performed in order to identify the set of genes that better characterize the presence of NAFLD. Finally, we build a multinomial logistic model including seven genes that explained 100% of the variance in NAFLD and correctly predicted 100% of cases. Our data support the existence of distinctive NAFLD signatures in WAT from women with severe obesity. A better understanding of these pathways may help in future strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló Street 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-932-275-707 (ext. 2910)
| | - Arturo Vega-Beyhart
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (J.R.); (A.d.H.)
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (J.M.B.)
| | - José María Balibrea
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.I.); (J.M.B.)
| | - Isabel Graupera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Jordi Rimola
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (J.R.); (A.d.H.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló Street 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (A.V.-B.); (J.R.); (A.d.H.)
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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24
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Understanding the heterogeneity and functions of metabolic tissue macrophages. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:130-139. [PMID: 34561168 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence places tissue-resident macrophages as essential gatekeepers of metabolic organ homeostasis, including the adipose tissue and the pancreatic islets. Therein, macrophages may adopt specific phenotypes and ensure local functions. Recent advances in single cell genomic analyses provide a comprehensive map of adipose tissue macrophage subsets and their potential roles are now better apprehended. Whether they are beneficial or detrimental, macrophages overall contribute to the proper adipose tissue expansion under steady state and during obesity. By contrast, macrophages residing inside pancreatic islets, which may exert fundamental functions to fine tune insulin secretion, have only started to attract attention and their cellular heterogeneity remains to be established. The present review will focus on the latest findings exploring the phenotype and the properties of macrophages in adipose tissue and pancreatic islets, questioning early beliefs and future perspectives in the field of immunometabolism.
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25
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Sharifiaghdam M, Shaabani E, Sharifiaghdam Z, De Keersmaecker H, Lucas B, Lammens J, Ghanbari H, Teimoori-Toolabi L, Vervaet C, De Beer T, Faridi-Majidi R, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Macrophage reprogramming into a pro-healing phenotype by siRNA delivered with LBL assembled nanocomplexes for wound healing applications. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:15445-15463. [PMID: 34505619 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr03830c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Excessive inflammatory responses in wounds are characterized by the presence of high levels of pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages rather than pro-healing M2 macrophages, which leads to delayed wound healing. Macrophage reprogramming from the M1 to M2 phenotype through knockdown of interferon regulatory factor 5 (irf5) has emerged as a possible therapeutic strategy. While downregulation of irf5 could be achieved by siRNA, it very much depends on successful intracellular delivery by suitable siRNA carriers. Here, we report on highly stable selenium-based layer-by-layer (LBL) nanocomplexes (NCs) for siRNA delivery with polyethyleneimine (PEI-LBL-NCs) as the final polymer layer. PEI-LBL-NCs showed good protection of siRNA with only 40% siRNA release in a buffer of pH = 8.5 after 72 h or in simulated wound fluid after 4 h. PEI-LBL-NCs also proved to be able to transfect RAW 264.7 cells with irf5-siRNA, resulting in successful reprogramming to the M2 phenotype as evidenced by a 3.4 and 2.6 times decrease in NOS-2 and TNF-α mRNA expression levels, respectively. Moreover, irf5-siRNA transfected cells exhibited a 2.5 times increase of the healing mediator Arg-1 and a 64% increase in expression of the M2 cell surface marker CD206+. Incubation of fibroblast cells with conditioned medium isolated from irf5-siRNA transfected RAW 264.7 cells resulted in accelerated wound healing in an in vitro scratch assay. These results show that irf5-siRNA loaded PEI-LBL-NCs are a promising therapeutic approach to tune macrophage polarization for improved wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elnaz Shaabani
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zeynab Sharifiaghdam
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Lucas
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Joris Lammens
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Hossein Ghanbari
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas De Beer
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Process Analytical Technology (LPPAT), Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ghent, B-9000, Belgium.
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26
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Painter JD, Akbari O. Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells: Protectors in Type 2 Diabetes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727008. [PMID: 34489979 PMCID: PMC8416625 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are the innate counterparts of Th2 cells and are critically involved in the maintenance of homeostasis in a variety of tissues. Instead of expressing specific antigen receptors, ILC2s respond to external stimuli such as alarmins released from damage. These cells help control the delicate balance of inflammation in adipose tissue, which is a determinant of metabolic outcome. ILC2s play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through their protective effects on tissue homeostasis. A variety of crosstalk takes place between resident adipose cells and ILC2s, with each interaction playing a key role in controlling this balance. ILC2 effector function is associated with increased browning of adipose tissue and an anti-inflammatory immune profile. Trafficking and maintenance of ILC2 populations are critical for tissue homeostasis. The metabolic environment and energy source significantly affect the number and function of ILC2s in addition to affecting their interactions with resident cell types. How ILC2s react to changes in the metabolic environment is a clear determinant of the severity of disease. Treating sources of metabolic instability via critical immune cells provides a clear avenue for modulation of systemic homeostasis and new treatments of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob D Painter
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Omid Akbari
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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27
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Findley AS, Zhang X, Boye C, Lin YL, Kalita CA, Barreiro L, Lohmueller KE, Pique-Regi R, Luca F. A signature of Neanderthal introgression on molecular mechanisms of environmental responses. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009493. [PMID: 34570765 PMCID: PMC8509894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ancient human migrations led to the settlement of population groups in varied environmental contexts worldwide. The extent to which adaptation to local environments has shaped human genetic diversity is a longstanding question in human evolution. Recent studies have suggested that introgression of archaic alleles in the genome of modern humans may have contributed to adaptation to environmental pressures such as pathogen exposure. Functional genomic studies have demonstrated that variation in gene expression across individuals and in response to environmental perturbations is a main mechanism underlying complex trait variation. We considered gene expression response to in vitro treatments as a molecular phenotype to identify genes and regulatory variants that may have played an important role in adaptations to local environments. We investigated if Neanderthal introgression in the human genome may contribute to the transcriptional response to environmental perturbations. To this end we used eQTLs for genes differentially expressed in a panel of 52 cellular environments, resulting from 5 cell types and 26 treatments, including hormones, vitamins, drugs, and environmental contaminants. We found that SNPs with introgressed Neanderthal alleles (N-SNPs) disrupt binding of transcription factors important for environmental responses, including ionizing radiation and hypoxia, and for glucose metabolism. We identified an enrichment for N-SNPs among eQTLs for genes differentially expressed in response to 8 treatments, including glucocorticoids, caffeine, and vitamin D. Using Massively Parallel Reporter Assays (MPRA) data, we validated the regulatory function of 21 introgressed Neanderthal variants in the human genome, corresponding to 8 eQTLs regulating 15 genes that respond to environmental perturbations. These findings expand the set of environments where archaic introgression may have contributed to adaptations to local environments in modern humans and provide experimental validation for the regulatory function of introgressed variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony S. Findley
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carly Boye
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Yen Lung Lin
- Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Cynthia A. Kalita
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Luis Barreiro
- Genetics Section, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kirk E. Lohmueller
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Roger Pique-Regi
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Francesca Luca
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
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28
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Ealey KN, Phillips J, Sung HK. COVID-19 and obesity: fighting two pandemics with intermittent fasting. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:706-720. [PMID: 34275726 PMCID: PMC8226104 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is strongly and independently associated with an increased risk of severe illness and death from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathophysiological changes that result from elevated body weight lead to metabolic dysfunction, chronic inflammation, impaired immunological responses, and multisystem disorders, which increase vulnerability to severe illness from COVID-19. While vaccination strategies are under way across the world, the second and third waves of the pandemic, along with the emergence of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains, continue to threaten the stability of medical systems worldwide. Furthermore, evidence from previous pandemics suggests that vaccines are less effective in obese individuals than in their healthy-weight counterparts over the long term. Therefore, a consideration of lifestyle changes that can boost metabolic health and immunity is critical to reduce the risk of complications and severe illness from viral infection. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms linking excess body weight with COVID-19 morbidity. We also present evidence that intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary program that has gained popularity in recent years, may be an effective strategy to improve metabolic health and immunity and thus reduce the impact of obesity on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kafi N Ealey
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Joy Phillips
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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29
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Orozco SL, Canny SP, Hamerman JA. Signals governing monocyte differentiation during inflammation. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 73:16-24. [PMID: 34411882 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Monocytes are innate immune cells that develop in the bone marrow and are continually released into circulation, where they are poised to enter tissues in response to homeostatic or inflammatory cues. Monocytes are highly plastic cells that can differentiate in tissues into a variety of monocyte-derived cells to replace resident tissue macrophages, promote inflammatory responses, or resolution of inflammation. As such, monocytes can support tissue homeostasis as well as productive and pathogenic immune responses. Recent work shows previously unappreciated heterogeneity in monocyte development and differentiation in the steady state and during infectious, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases. Monocyte-derived cells can differentiate via signals from cytokines, pattern recognition receptors or other factors, which can influence development in the bone marrow or in tissues. An improved understanding of these monocyte-derived cells and the signals that drive their differentiation in distinct inflammatory settings could allow for targeting these pathways in pathological inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana L Orozco
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA
| | - Susan P Canny
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle 98195, WA, USA
| | - Jessica A Hamerman
- Center for Fundamental Immunology, Benaroya Research Institute, 1201 9th Avenue, Seattle 98101, WA, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle 98109, WA, USA.
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30
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Karimi E, Yarizadeh H, Setayesh L, Sajjadi SF, Ghodoosi N, Khorraminezhad L, Mirzaei K. High carbohydrate intakes may predict more inflammatory status than high fat intakes in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:279. [PMID: 34289902 PMCID: PMC8296741 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05699-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The associations between dietary carbohydrate, fat intake, and inflammation are controversial. Most existing data are from industrialized societies which low-carbohydrate and high-fat diet is common and so their attribution to other populations remains unclear. We evaluated the association of fat and carbohydrate intakes with inflammatory markers in pre-menopause women with overweight or obesity in Iran. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty women with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 were included to this study. The levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) indicated a trend towards significance across tertiles of total dietary carbohydrate. We found that the levels of galectin-3 were negatively associated with dietary carbohydrate in adjusted model. In addition, the levels of MCP-1 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) were positively correlated to dietary carbohydrate. No significant relationship was demonstrated between inflammatory parameters and total fat intake). However, there was a borderline significant negative association between total fat intake and TGF-β level in adjusted model. Therefore, a total dietary carbohydrate were related to elevated inflammation risk, while a total fat intake were not associated to higher inflammation. This study suggests reconsideration of applying global dietary guidelines in societies with high carbohydrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habib Yarizadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh Forough Sajjadi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Ghodoosi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leil Khorraminezhad
- Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec-Laval University, Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Khadijeh Mirzaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), P.O. Box: 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Nono Nankam PA, Blüher M. Retinol-binding protein 4 in obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 531:111312. [PMID: 33957191 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Excessive increased adipose tissue mass in obesity is associated with numerous co-morbid disorders including increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, dementia, airway disease and some cancers. The causal mechanisms explaining these associations are not fully understood. Adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ that secretes many adipokines, cytokines and releases metabolites. These biomolecules referred to as adipocytokines play a significant role in the regulation of whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolism by influencing and altering target tissues function. Understanding the mechanisms of adipocytokine actions represents a hot topic in obesity research. Among several secreted bioactive signalling molecules from adipose tissue and liver, retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) has been associated with systemic insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Here, we aim to review and discuss the current knowledge on RBP4 with a focus on its role in the pathogenesis of obesity comorbid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Germany; Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Germany
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32
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Qin Q, Shou J, Li M, Gu M, Meng Z, Xu P, Meng H, Wang X. Stk24 protects against obesity-associated metabolic disorders by disrupting the NLRP3 inflammasome. Cell Rep 2021; 35:109161. [PMID: 34038725 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate the occurrence of obesity and its related diseases. Here, we found that serine/threonine protein kinase 24 (Stk24) expression is downregulated significantly in ATMs in obese subjects or obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). We further identified that glucolipotoxicity downregulated Stk24 expression in ATMs. Stk24-deficient mice develop severe HFD-induced metabolic disorders and insulin insensitivity. Mechanistically, Stk24 intervenes in NLRP3 inflammasome assembly in ATMs by associating directly with NLRP3, decreasing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) secretion. Accordingly, Stk24 deficiency in the hematopoietic system promotes NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which contributes to exacerbation of metabolic disorders. Intriguingly, Stk24 expression correlates negatively with body mass index (BMI) and the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein in human subjects. These findings provide insights into the function and clinical implications of Stk24 in obesity-mediated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qin
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Jia'nan Shou
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mengjie Li
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Meidi Gu
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Zhuoxian Meng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Chronic Disease Research Institute of School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Pinglong Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Hua Meng
- Department of General Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Institute of Immunology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.
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33
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Yan J, Pandey SP, Barnes BJ, Turner JR, Abraham C. T Cell-Intrinsic IRF5 Regulates T Cell Signaling, Migration, and Differentiation and Promotes Intestinal Inflammation. Cell Rep 2021; 31:107820. [PMID: 32610123 PMCID: PMC7409536 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
IRF5 polymorphisms are associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases, including ulcerative colitis. IRF5 contributions are attributed to its role in myeloid lineages. How T cell-intrinsic IRF5 contributes to inflammatory outcomes is not well understood. We identify a previously undefined key role for T cell-intrinsic IRF5. In mice, IRF5 in CD4+ T cells promotes Th1- and Th17-associated cytokines and decreases Th2-associated cytokines. IRF5 is required for the optimal assembly of the TCR-initiated signaling complex and downstream signaling at early times, and at later times binds to promoters of Th1- and Th17-associated transcription factors and cytokines. IRF5 also regulates chemokine receptor-initiated signaling and, in turn, T cell migration. In vivo, IRF5 in CD4+ T cells enhances the severity of experimental colitis. Importantly, human CD4+ T cells from high IRF5-expressing disease-risk genetic carriers demonstrate increased chemokine-induced migration and Th1/Th17 cytokines and reduced Th2-associated and anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data demonstrate key roles for T cell-intrinsic IRF5 in inflammatory outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Surya P Pandey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Betsy J Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune and Musculoskeletal Diseases, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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34
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Thibaut R, Gage MC, Pineda-Torra I, Chabrier G, Venteclef N, Alzaid F. Liver macrophages and inflammation in physiology and physiopathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. FEBS J 2021; 289:3024-3057. [PMID: 33860630 PMCID: PMC9290065 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, being a common comorbidity of type 2 diabetes and with important links to inflammation and insulin resistance. NAFLD represents a spectrum of liver conditions ranging from steatosis in the form of ectopic lipid storage, to inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Macrophages that populate the liver play important roles in maintaining liver homeostasis under normal physiology and in promoting inflammation and mediating fibrosis in the progression of NAFLD toward to NASH. Liver macrophages are a heterogenous group of innate immune cells, originating from the yolk sac or from circulating monocytes, that are required to maintain immune tolerance while being exposed portal and pancreatic blood flow rich in nutrients and hormones. Yet, liver macrophages retain a limited capacity to raise the alarm in response to danger signals. We now know that macrophages in the liver play both inflammatory and noninflammatory roles throughout the progression of NAFLD. Macrophage responses are mediated first at the level of cell surface receptors that integrate environmental stimuli, signals are transduced through multiple levels of regulation in the cell, and specific transcriptional programmes dictate effector functions. These effector functions play paramount roles in determining the course of disease in NAFLD and even more so in the progression towards NASH. The current review covers recent reports in the physiological and pathophysiological roles of liver macrophages in NAFLD. We emphasise the responses of liver macrophages to insulin resistance and the transcriptional machinery that dictates liver macrophage function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibaut
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Gage
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Inès Pineda-Torra
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Cardiometabolic and Vascular Science, University College London, UK
| | - Gwladys Chabrier
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France
| | - Fawaz Alzaid
- Cordeliers Research Centre, INSERM, IMMEDIAB Laboratory, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, France
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35
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Michailidou Z, Gomez-Salazar M, Alexaki VI. Innate Immune Cells in the Adipose Tissue in Health and Metabolic Disease. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:4-30. [PMID: 33849008 DOI: 10.1159/000515117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, are characterized by chronic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. During obesity, the adipose tissue undergoes immunometabolic and functional transformation. Adipose tissue inflammation is driven by innate and adaptive immune cells and instigates insulin resistance. Here, we discuss the role of innate immune cells, that is, macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid type 2 cells, dendritic cells, and mast cells, in the adipose tissue in the healthy (lean) and diseased (obese) state and describe how their function is shaped by the obesogenic microenvironment, and humoral, paracrine, and cellular interactions. Moreover, we particularly outline the role of hypoxia as a central regulator in adipose tissue inflammation. Finally, we discuss the long-lasting effects of adipose tissue inflammation and its potential reversibility through drugs, caloric restriction, or exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Michailidou
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Gomez-Salazar
- Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileia Ismini Alexaki
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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36
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Posadas-Sánchez R, Cardoso-Saldaña G, Fragoso JM, Vargas-Alarcón G. Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 ( IRF5) Gene Haplotypes Are Associated with Premature Coronary Artery Disease. Association of the IRF5 Polymorphisms with Cardiometabolic Parameters. The Genetics of Atherosclerotic Disease (GEA) Mexican Study. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030443. [PMID: 33802675 PMCID: PMC8002496 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) has an important role in the inflammatory process, a fundamental component of coronary artery disease (CAD). Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the association of IRF5 polymorphisms with the development of premature CAD (pCAD) and cardiometabolic parameters. IRF5 polymorphisms (rs1874330, rs3778754, rs3757386, rs3757385, rs3807134, rs3807135, and rs6968563) were determined in 1116 pCAD patients and 1003 controls. Polymorphism distribution was similar in patients and controls; however, the haplotype analysis showed five haplotypes with a different distribution. TGCGTCT (OR (odds ratio) = 1.248, p = 0005) and TCTGCCT (OR = 10.73, p < 0.0001) were associated with a high risk, whereas TCCGTCT (OR = 0.155, p < 0.0001), CGCTTTT (OR = 0.108, p < 0.0001), and TCCGCCT (OR = 0.014, p < 0.0001) were associated with a low risk of pCAD. Associations with aspartate aminotransferase, hypertriglyceridemia, magnesium deficiency, triglycerides/HDL-C index, LDL-C, and adiponectin levels were observed in pCAD patients. In controls, associations with hypoalphalipoproteinemia, non-HDL-C, apolipoprotein B, hyperuricemia, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-15, valvular calcification, and subclinical hypothyroidism were observed. In summary, five haplotypes were associated with pCAD, two with high risk and three with low risk. Some IRF5 polymorphisms were associated with cardiometabolic parameters in pCAD patients and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalinda Posadas-Sánchez
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - Guillermo Cardoso-Saldaña
- Department of Endocrinology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico; (R.P.-S.); (G.C.-S.)
| | - José Manuel Fragoso
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico;
| | - Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
- Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, 14080 Mexico City, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5573-2911 (ext. 20134)
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37
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Gokulan K, Kumar A, Lahiani MH, Sutherland VL, Cerniglia CE, Khare S. Differential Toxicological Outcome of Corn Oil Exposure in Rats and Mice as Assessed by Microbial Composition, Epithelial Permeability, and Ileal Mucosa-Associated Immune Status. Toxicol Sci 2021; 180:89-102. [PMID: 33263755 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies to evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics on the human gut microbiome and related health effects require a diligent selection of (1) an appropriate animal model to facilitate toxicity assessment in predicting human exposure, and (2) an appropriate non-interfering vehicle for the administration of water insoluble compounds. In biomedical studies with water insoluble xenobiotics, corn oil is one of the most commonly used nonaqueous vehicles. This study evaluated the suitability of corn oil as a vehicle in adult female Sprague Dawley rats and adult CD-1 mice; the rodent models that are often utilized in toxicological studies. We studied the host response in terms of change in the intestinal microbiome and mRNA expression of intestinal permeability and immune response-related genes when water (control) and corn oil (2 ml/kg) were administered as a vehicle through oral gavage. The results showed that the use of corn oil as a vehicle has no adverse impact in rats for either the immune response or the intestinal microbial population. On the other hand, mice treated with corn oil showed changes in bacterial community adhered to the ileum, as well as changes in the mRNA expression of intestinal permeability-related and ileal mucosa-associated immune response genes. Overall, results of this study suggest that the type of rodent species and vehicle used in toxicological risk assessments of xenobiotics studies should be taken into consideration in the experimental setup and study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuppan Gokulan
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Amit Kumar
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Mohamed H Lahiani
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Vicki L Sutherland
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, USA
| | - Carl E Cerniglia
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
| | - Sangeeta Khare
- Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas 72079, USA
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38
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Yang C, Zhang J, Wu T, Zhao K, Wu X, Shi J, Sun W, Kong X. Multi-Omics Analysis to Examine Gene Expression and Metabolites From Multisite Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Genet 2021; 12:627347. [PMID: 33679891 PMCID: PMC7930907 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at exploring the gene expression and metabolites among multisite adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) and investigate the metabolic pathway using a multi-omics analysis. Subcutaneous adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (SASCs), perirenal adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PASCs), and epididymal adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (EASCs) were isolated from Sprague Dawley rats. RNA and metabolites were extracted and sequenced using transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses, respectively. There were 720 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in EASCs and 688 DEGs in PASCs compared with SASCs; there were 166 unique DEGs in EASCs, 134 unique DEGs in PASCs, and 554 common DEGs between EASCs and PASCs. Furthermore, there were 226 differential metabolites in EASCs, 255 differential metabolites in PASCs, 83 unique differential metabolites in EASCs, 112 unique differential metabolites in PASCs, and 143 common differential metabolites between EASCs and PASCs. The transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses identified four hub genes, one in EASCs and three in PASCs. There are functional differences among multisite ASCs that may be related to the hub genes Atac2, Rrm1, Rrm2, and Gla. The relevant signaling pathways are the Ras signaling pathway, HIF-1 signaling pathway, and the p53 signaling pathway. In conclusion, compared with SASCs, our multi-omics analysis identified that EASCs with higher Acat2 expression may be more correlated to fat metabolism and insulin resistance, while PASCs with abnormal expression of Rrm1/2 and Gla may be more correlated with some malignant tumors and cardiac-cerebral vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangqing Kong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen L, Zhang J, Zou Y, Wang F, Li J, Sun F, Luo X, Zhang M, Guo Y, Yu Q, Yang P, Zhou Q, Chen Z, Zhang H, Gong Q, Zhao J, Eizirik DL, Zhou Z, Xiong F, Zhang S, Wang CY. Kdm2a deficiency in macrophages enhances thermogenesis to protect mice against HFD-induced obesity by enhancing H3K36me2 at the Pparg locus. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1880-1899. [PMID: 33462408 PMCID: PMC8185071 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Kdm2a catalyzes H3K36me2 demethylation to play an intriguing epigenetic regulatory role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Herein we found that myeloid-specific knockout of Kdm2a (LysM-Cre-Kdm2af/f, Kdm2a−/−) promoted macrophage M2 program by reprograming metabolic homeostasis through enhancing fatty acid uptake and lipolysis. Kdm2a−/− increased H3K36me2 levels at the Pparg locus along with augmented chromatin accessibility and Stat6 recruitment, which rendered macrophages with preferential M2 polarization. Therefore, the Kdm2a−/− mice were highly protected from high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis, and featured by the reduced accumulation of adipose tissue macrophages and repressed chronic inflammation following HFD challenge. Particularly, Kdm2a−/− macrophages provided a microenvironment in favor of thermogenesis. Upon HFD or cold challenge, the Kdm2a−/− mice manifested higher capacity for inducing adipose browning and beiging to promote energy expenditure. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the importance of Kdm2a-mediated H3K36 demethylation in orchestrating macrophage polarization, providing novel insight that targeting Kdm2a in macrophages could be a viable therapeutic approach against obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longmin Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Zou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Faxi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyi Li
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Sun
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Luo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nephrology,Tongji Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanchao Guo
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nephrology,Tongji Hospital, Tongji College of Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhishui Chen
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Huilan Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Quan Gong
- Clinical Molecular Immunology Center, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Decio L Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 808 Route de Lennik, B-1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Diabetes Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Zhang S, Chu C, Wu Z, Liu F, Xie J, Yang Y, Qiu H. IFIH1 Contributes to M1 Macrophage Polarization in ARDS. Front Immunol 2021; 11:580838. [PMID: 33519803 PMCID: PMC7841399 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.580838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that the macrophage phenotypic switch from M0 to M1 is crucial in the initiation of the inflammatory process of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Better insight into the molecular control of M1 macrophages in ARDS may identify potential therapeutic targets. In the current study, 36 candidate genes associated with the severity of ARDS and simultaneously involved in M1-polarized macrophages were first screened through a weighted network algorithm on all gene expression profiles from the 26 ARDS patients and empirical Bayes analysis on the gene expression profiles of macrophages. STAT1, IFIH1, GBP1, IFIT3, and IRF1 were subsequently identified as hub genes according to connectivity degree analysis and multiple external validations. Among these candidate genes, IFIH1 had the strongest connection with ARDS through the RobustRankAggreg algorithm. It was selected as a crucial gene for further investigation. For in vitro validation, the RAW264.7 cell line and BMDMs were transfected with shIFIH1 lentivirus and plasmid expression vectors of IFIH1. Cellular experimental studies further confirmed that IFIH1 was a novel regulator for promoting M1 macrophage polarization. Moreover, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and in vitro validations indicated that IFIH1 regulated M1 polarization by activating IRF3. In addition, previous studies demonstrated that activation of IFIH1-IRF3 was stimulated by viral RNAs or RNA mimics. Surprisingly, the current study found that LPS could also induce IFIH1-IRF3 activation via a MyD88-dependent mechanism. We also found that only IFIH1 expression without LPS or RNA mimic stimulation could not affect IRF3 activation and M1 macrophage polarization. These findings were validated on two types of macrophages, RAW264.7 cells and BMDMs, which expanded the knowledge on the inflammatory roles of IFIH1 and IRF3, suggesting IFIH1 as a potential target for ARDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cuilin Chu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongsheng Wu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Gessani S, Belardelli F. Type I Interferons as Joint Regulators of Tumor Growth and Obesity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13020196. [PMID: 33430520 PMCID: PMC7827047 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13020196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The escalating global epidemic of overweight and obesity is a major public health and economic problem, as excess body weight represents a significant risk factor for several chronic diseases including cancer. Despite the strong scientific evidence for a link between obesity and cancer, the mechanisms involved in this interplay have not yet been fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of type I interferons, a family of antiviral cytokines with key roles in the regulation of both obesity and cancer, highlighting how the dysregulation of the interferon system can differently affect these pathological conditions. Abstract Type I interferons (IFN-I) are antiviral cytokines endowed with multiple biological actions, including antitumor activity. Studies in mouse models and cancer patients support the concept that endogenous IFN-I play important roles in the control of tumor development and growth as well as in response to several chemotherapy/radiotherapy treatments. While IFN-I signatures in the tumor microenvironment are often considered as biomarkers for a good prognostic response to antitumor therapies, prolonged IFN-I signaling can lead to immune dysfunction, thereby promoting pathogen or tumor persistence, thus revealing the “Janus face” of these cytokines in cancer control, likely depending on timing, tissue microenvironment and cumulative levels of IFN-I signals. Likewise, IFN-I exhibit different and even opposite effects on obesity, a pathologic condition linked to cancer development and growth. As an example, evidence obtained in mouse models shows that localized expression of IFN-I in the adipose tissue results in inhibition of diet–induced obesity, while hyper-production of these cytokines by specialized cells such as plasmacytoid dendritic cells in the same tissue, can induce systemic inflammatory responses leading to obesity. Further studies in mouse models and humans should reveal the mechanisms by which IFN-I can regulate both tumor growth and obesity and to understand the role of factors such as genetic background, diet and microbioma in shaping the production and action of these cytokines under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
| | - Filippo Belardelli
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (F.B.)
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Marku M, Verstraete N, Raynal F, Madrid-Mencía M, Domagala M, Fournié JJ, Ysebaert L, Poupot M, Pancaldi V. Insights on TAM Formation from a Boolean Model of Macrophage Polarization Based on In Vitro Studies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123664. [PMID: 33297362 PMCID: PMC7762229 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The recent success of immunotherapy treatments against cancer relies on helping our own body’s defenses in the fight against tumours, namely reinvigorating the cancer killing action of T cells. Unfortunately, in a large proportion of patients these therapies are ineffective, in part due to the presence of other immune cells, macrophages, which are mis-educated by the cancer cells into promoting tumour growth. Here we start from an existing model of macrophage polarization and extend it to the specific conditions encountered inside a tumour by adding signals, receptors, transcription factors and cytokines that are known to be the key components in establishing the cancer cell-macrophage interaction. Then we use a mathematical Boolean model applied to a gene regulatory network of this biological process to simulate its temporal behaviour and explore scenarios that have not been experimentally tested so far. Additionally, the KO and overexpression simulations successfully reproduce the known experimental results while predicting the potential role of regulators (such as STAT1 and EGF) in preventing the formation of pro-tumoural macrophages, which can be tested experimentally. Abstract The tumour microenvironment is the surrounding of a tumour, including blood vessels, fibroblasts, signaling molecules, the extracellular matrix and immune cells, especially neutrophils and monocyte-derived macrophages. In a tumour setting, macrophages encompass a spectrum between a tumour-suppressive (M1) or tumour-promoting (M2) state. The biology of macrophages found in tumours (Tumour Associated Macrophages) remains unclear, but understanding their impact on tumour progression is highly important. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive analysis of a macrophage polarization network, following two lines of enquiry: (i) we reconstruct the macrophage polarization network based on literature, extending it to include important stimuli in a tumour setting, and (ii) we build a dynamical model able to reproduce macrophage polarization in the presence of different stimuli, including the contact with cancer cells. Our simulations recapitulate the documented macrophage phenotypes and their dependencies on specific receptors and transcription factors, while also unravelling the formation of a special type of tumour associated macrophages in an in vitro model of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. This model constitutes the first step towards elucidating the cross-talk between immune and cancer cells inside tumours, with the ultimate goal of identifying new therapeutic targets that could control the formation of tumour associated macrophages in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Marku
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.P.); Tel.: +33-5-82-74-17-74 (M.M.)
| | - Nina Verstraete
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Flavien Raynal
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Miguel Madrid-Mencía
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Marcin Domagala
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Fournié
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Loïc Ysebaert
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse-Oncopole, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Mary Poupot
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
| | - Vera Pancaldi
- INSERM, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, 2 Avenue Hubert Curien, 31037 Toulouse, France; (N.V.); (F.R.); (M.M.-M.); (M.D.); (J.-J.F.); (L.Y.); (M.P.)
- Université III Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Route de Narbonne, 31330 Toulouse, France
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Carrer de Jordi Girona, 29, 31, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (V.P.); Tel.: +33-5-82-74-17-74 (M.M.)
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Abstract
Over the last decade, our understanding of the physiological role of senescent cells has drastically evolved, from merely indicators of cellular stress and ageing to having a central role in regeneration and repair. Increasingly, studies have identified senescent cells and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) as being critical in the regenerative process following injury; however, the timing and context at which the senescence programme is activated can lead to distinct outcomes. For example, a transient induction of senescent cells followed by rapid clearance at the early stages following injury promotes repair, while the long-term accumulation of senescent cells impairs tissue function and can lead to organ failure. A key role of the SASP is the recruitment of immune cells to the site of injury and the subsequent elimination of senescent cells. Among these cell types are macrophages, which have well-documented regulatory roles in all stages of regeneration and repair. However, while the role of senescent cells and macrophages in this process is starting to be explored, the specific interactions between these cell types and how these are important in the different stages of injury/reparative response still require further investigation. In this review, we consider the current literature regarding the interaction of these cell types, how their cooperation is important for regeneration and repair, and what questions remain to be answered to advance the field.
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Alzaid F, Julla J, Diedisheim M, Potier C, Potier L, Velho G, Gaborit B, Manivet P, Germain S, Vidal‐Trecan T, Roussel R, Riveline J, Dalmas E, Venteclef N, Gautier J. Monocytopenia, monocyte morphological anomalies and hyperinflammation characterise severe COVID-19 in type 2 diabetes. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e13038. [PMID: 32816392 PMCID: PMC7461002 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Early in the COVID-19 pandemic, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was marked as a risk factor for severe disease and mortality. Inflammation is central to the aetiology of both conditions where variations in immune responses can mitigate or aggravate disease course. Identifying at-risk groups based on immunoinflammatory signatures is valuable in directing personalised care and developing potential targets for precision therapy. This observational study characterised immunophenotypic variation associated with COVID-19 severity in T2D. Broad-spectrum immunophenotyping quantified 15 leucocyte populations in peripheral circulation from a cohort of 45 hospitalised COVID-19 patients with and without T2D. Lymphocytopenia and specific loss of cytotoxic CD8+ lymphocytes were associated with severe COVID-19 and requirement for intensive care in both non-diabetic and T2D patients. A morphological anomaly of increased monocyte size and monocytopenia restricted to classical CD14Hi CD16- monocytes was specifically associated with severe COVID-19 in patients with T2D requiring intensive care. Increased expression of inflammatory markers reminiscent of the type 1 interferon pathway (IL6, IL8, CCL2, INFB1) underlaid the immunophenotype associated with T2D. These immunophenotypic and hyperinflammatory changes may contribute to increased voracity of COVID-19 in T2D. These findings allow precise identification of T2D patients with severe COVID-19 as well as provide evidence that the type 1 interferon pathway may be an actionable therapeutic target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Alzaid
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Baptiste Julla
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Marc Diedisheim
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetologyCochin HospitalAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de ParisUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Charline Potier
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Louis Potier
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and NutritionBichat HospitalAssistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Gilberto Velho
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | | | - Philippe Manivet
- Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Nutrition DepartmentAssistance Publique Hôpitaux de MarseilleMarseilleFrance
- Centre de Ressources Biologique “biobank Lariboisière”BB‐0033-00064APHPNordUniversité de ParisParis DiderotHôpital LariboisièreParisFrance
| | - Stéphane Germain
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Biology (CIRB)College de France – Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Tiphaine Vidal‐Trecan
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Ronan Roussel
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of Diabetology, Endocrinology and NutritionBichat HospitalAssistance Publique ‐ Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐Pierre Riveline
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
| | - Elise Dalmas
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Nicolas Venteclef
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Jean‐François Gautier
- Cordeliers Research CentreINSERMIMMEDIAB LaboratorySorbonne UniversitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
- Department of DiabetesClinical Investigation Centre (CIC‐9504)Lariboisière HospitalAssistance Publique – Hôpitaux de ParisParisFrance
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Wang C, Xu W, Chao Y, Liang M, Zhang F, Huang K. E3 Ligase FBXW2 Is a New Therapeutic Target in Obesity and Atherosclerosis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001800. [PMID: 33101872 PMCID: PMC7578860 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic low-grade inflammation orchestrated by macrophages plays a critical role in metabolic chronic diseases, like obesity and atherosclerosis. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, the E3 ubiquitin ligase F-box/WD Repeat-Containing Protein 2 (FBXW2), the substrate-binding subunit of E3 ubiquitin ligase SCF (a complex of FBXW2, SKP1, and cullin-1), as an inflammatory mediator in macrophages, is identified. Myeloid-specific FBXW2 gene deficiency improves both obesity-associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis in murine models. The beneficial effects by FBXW2 knockout are accompanied by decreased proinflammatory responses and macrophage infiltration in the microenvironment. Mechanistically, it is identified that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP) is a new bona fide ubiquitin substrate of SCFFBXW2. Inhibition of KSRP prevents FBXW2-deficient macrophages from exerting a protective effect on inflammatory reactions, insulin resistance and plaque formation. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the C-terminus (P3) of FBXW2 competitively ablates the function of FBXW2 in KSRP degradation and serves as an effective inhibitor of obesity and atherogenesis progression. Thus, the data strongly suggest that SCFFBXW2 is an important mediator in the context of metabolic diseases. The development of FBXW2 (P3)-mimicking inhibitors and small-molecular drugs specifically abrogating KSRP ubiquitination-dependent inflammatory responses are viable approaches for obesity and atherosclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
- Department of RheumatologyUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Yuelin Chao
- Department of CardiologyNanjing First HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing210029China
| | - Minglu Liang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Fengxiao Zhang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
| | - Kai Huang
- Clinic Center of Human Gene ResearchUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China
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Zhao L, Fan M, Zhao L, Yun H, Yang Y, Wang C, Qin D. Fibroblast growth factor 1 ameliorates adipose tissue inflammation and systemic insulin resistance via enhancing adipocyte mTORC2/Rictor signal. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12813-12825. [PMID: 32979037 PMCID: PMC7687011 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity‐induced activation and proliferation of resident macrophages and infiltration of circulating monocytes in adipose tissues contribute to adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance. These effects further promote the development of metabolic syndromes, such as type 2 diabetes, which is one of the most prevalent health conditions severely threatening human health worldwide. Our study examined the potential molecular mechanism employed by fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) to improve insulin sensitivity. The leptin receptor‐deficient obese mice (db/db) served as an insulin‐resistant model. Our results demonstrated that FGF1‐induced amelioration of insulin resistance in obese mice was related to the decreased levels of pro‐inflammatory adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and plasma inflammatory factors. We found that FGF1 enhanced the adipocyte mTORC2/Rictor signalling pathway to inhibit C‐C chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) production, the major cause of circulating monocytes infiltration, activation and proliferation of resident macrophages in adipose tissues. Conversely, these alleviating effects of FGF1 were substantially abrogated in adipocytes with reduced expression of mTORC2/rictor. Furthermore, a model of adipocyte‐specific mTORC2/Rictor‐knockout (AdRiKO) obese mice was developed to further understand the in vitro result. Altogether, these results demonstrated adipocyte mTORC2/Rictor was a crucial target for FGF1 function on adipose tissue inflammation and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longwei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaojuan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Lang, Pingliang, China
| | - Hongyan Yun
- Foshan Chancheng Central Hospital, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Zhuang Lang, Pingliang, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Qin
- School of Sports and Health, Nanjing Sport Institute, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Sports and Health Engineering Collaborative Innovation Center, Nanjing, China
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Eicosapentaenoic Acid Regulates Inflammatory Pathways through Modulation of Transcripts and miRNA in Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091292. [PMID: 32906847 PMCID: PMC7564513 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the global profiling of genes and miRNAs expression to explore the regulatory effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of obese mice. We used male mice, fed either a high-fat diet (HF) or HF supplemented with EPA (HF-EPA), for 11 weeks. RNA, and small RNA profiling, were performed by RNAseq analysis. We conducted analyses using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software (IPA®) and validated candidate genes and miRNAs related to lipid mediators and inflammatory pathways using qRT-PCR. We identified 153 genes differentially downregulated, and 62 microRNAs differentially expressed in VAT from HF-EPA compared to HF. Genes with a positive association with inflammation, chemotaxis, insulin resistance, and inflammatory cell death, such as Irf5, Alox5ap, Tlrs, Cd84, Ccr5, Ccl9, and Casp1, were downregulated by EPA. Moreover, EPA significantly reduced LTB4 levels, a lipid mediator with a central role in inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity. The pathways and mRNA/microRNA interactions identified in our study corroborated with data validated for inflammatory genes and miRNAs. Together, our results identified key VAT inflammatory targets and pathways, which are regulated by EPA. These targets merit further investigation to better understand the protective mechanisms of EPA in obesity-associated inflammation.
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Repetitive Intermittent Hyperglycemia Drives the M1 Polarization and Inflammatory Responses in THP-1 Macrophages Through the Mechanism Involving the TLR4-IRF5 Pathway. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081892. [PMID: 32806763 PMCID: PMC7463685 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive intermittent hyperglycemia (RIH) is an independent risk factor for complications associated with type-2 diabetes (T2D). Glucose fluctuations commonly occur in T2D patients with poor glycemic control or following intensive therapy. Reducing blood glucose as well as glucose fluctuations is critical to the control of T2D and its macro-/microvascular complications. The interferon regulatory factor (IRF)-5 located downstream of the nutrient sensor toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, is emerging as a key metabolic regulator. It remains unclear how glucose fluctuations may alter the IRF5/TLR4 expression and inflammatory responses in monocytes/macrophages. To investigate this, first, we determined IRF5 gene expression by real-time qRT-PCR in the white adipose tissue samples from 39 T2D and 48 nondiabetic individuals. Next, we cultured THP-1 macrophages in hypo- and hyperglycemic conditions and compared, at the protein and transcription levels, the expressions of IRF5, TLR4, and M1/M2 polarization profile and inflammatory markers against control (normoglycemia). Protein expression was assessed using flow cytometry, ELISA, Western blotting, and/or confocal microscopy. IRF5 silencing was achieved by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. The data show that adipose IRF5 gene expression was higher in T2D than nondiabetic counterparts (p = 0.006), which correlated with glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (r = 0.47/p < 0.001), homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.23/p = 0.03), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (r = 0.56/p < 0.0001), interleukin (IL)-1β (r = 0.40/p = 0.0009), and C-C motif chemokine receptor (CCR)-2 (r = 0.49/p < 0.001) expression. IRF5 expression in macrophages was induced/upregulated (p < 0.05) by hypoglycemia (3 mM/L), persistent hyperglycemia (15 mM/L–25 mM/L), and RIH/glucose fluctuations (3–15 mM/L) as compared to normoglycemia (5 mM/L). RIH/glucose fluctuations also induced M1 polarization and an inflammatory profile (CD11c, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1) in macrophages. RIH/glucose fluctuations also drove the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 (p < 0.001), which is a known marker for cardiovascular complication in T2D patients. Notably, all these changes were counteracted by IRF5 silencing in macrophages. In conclusion, RIH/glucose fluctuations promote the M1 polarization and inflammatory responses in macrophages via the mechanism involving TLR4-IRF5 pathway, which may have significance for metabolic inflammation.
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Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms of Macrophage Polarisation and Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165731. [PMID: 32785109 PMCID: PMC7460862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in the development and progression of type-2 diabetes (T2D), a disease characterised by peripheral insulin resistance and systemic glucolipotoxicity. Visceral adipose tissue (AT) is the main source of inflammation early in the disease course. Macrophages are innate immune cells that populate all peripheral tissues, including AT. Dysregulated AT macrophage (ATM) responses to microenvironmental changes are at the root of aberrant inflammation and development of insulin resistance, locally and systemically. The inflammatory activation of macrophages is regulated at multiple levels: cell surface receptor stimulation, intracellular signalling, transcriptional and metabolic levels. This review will cover the main mechanisms involved in AT inflammation and insulin resistance in T2D. First, we will describe the physiological and pathological changes in AT that lead to inflammation and insulin resistance. We will next focus on the transcriptional and metabolic mechanisms described that lead to the activation of ATMs. We will discuss more novel metabolic mechanisms that influence macrophage polarisation in other disease or tissue contexts that may be relevant to future work in insulin resistance and T2D.
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Yan J, Hedl M, Abraham C. Myeloid Cell-Intrinsic IRF5 Promotes T Cell Responses through Multiple Distinct Checkpoints In Vivo, and IRF5 Immune-Mediated Disease Risk Variants Modulate These Myeloid Cell Functions. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 205:1024-1038. [PMID: 32690658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Common IRF5 genetic risk variants associated with multiple immune-mediated diseases are a major determinant of interindividual variability in pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced cytokines in myeloid cells. However, how myeloid cell-intrinsic IRF5 regulates the multiple distinct checkpoints mediating T cell outcomes in vivo and IRF5-dependent mechanisms contributing to these distinct checkpoints are not well defined. Using an in vivo Ag-specific adoptive T cell transfer approach into Irf5-/- mice, we found that T cell-extrinsic IRF5 regulated T cell outcomes at multiple critical checkpoints, including chemokine-mediated T cell trafficking into lymph nodes and PDK1-dependent soluble Ag uptake, costimulatory molecule upregulation, and secretion of Th1 (IL-12)- and Th17 (IL-23, IL-1β, and IL-6)-conditioning cytokines by myeloid cells, which then cross-regulated Th2 and regulatory T cells. IRF5 was required for PRR-induced MAPK and NF-κB activation, which, in turn, regulated these key outcomes in myeloid cells. Importantly, mice with IRF5 deleted from myeloid cells demonstrated T cell outcomes similar to those observed in Irf5-/- mice. Complementation of IL-12 and IL-23 was able to restore T cell differentiation both in vitro and in vivo in the context of myeloid cell-deficient IRF5. Finally, human monocyte-derived dendritic cells from IRF5 disease-associated genetic risk carriers leading to increased IRF5 expression demonstrated increased Ag uptake and increased PRR-induced costimulatory molecule expression and chemokine and cytokine secretion compared with monocyte-derived dendritic cells from low-expressing IRF5 genetic variant carriers. These data establish that myeloid cell-intrinsic IRF5 regulates multiple distinct checkpoints in T cell activation and differentiation and that these are modulated by IRF5 disease risk variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Matija Hedl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
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