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Hao P, Yang Z, So KF, Li X. A core scientific problem in the treatment of central nervous system diseases: newborn neurons. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2588-2601. [PMID: 38595278 PMCID: PMC11168522 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
It has long been asserted that failure to recover from central nervous system diseases is due to the system's intricate structure and the regenerative incapacity of adult neurons. Yet over recent decades, numerous studies have established that endogenous neurogenesis occurs in the adult central nervous system, including humans'. This has challenged the long-held scientific consensus that the number of adult neurons remains constant, and that new central nervous system neurons cannot be created or renewed. Herein, we present a comprehensive overview of the alterations and regulatory mechanisms of endogenous neurogenesis following central nervous system injury, and describe novel treatment strategies that target endogenous neurogenesis and newborn neurons in the treatment of central nervous system injury. Central nervous system injury frequently results in alterations of endogenous neurogenesis, encompassing the activation, proliferation, ectopic migration, differentiation, and functional integration of endogenous neural stem cells. Because of the unfavorable local microenvironment, most activated neural stem cells differentiate into glial cells rather than neurons. Consequently, the injury-induced endogenous neurogenesis response is inadequate for repairing impaired neural function. Scientists have attempted to enhance endogenous neurogenesis using various strategies, including using neurotrophic factors, bioactive materials, and cell reprogramming techniques. Used alone or in combination, these therapeutic strategies can promote targeted migration of neural stem cells to an injured area, ensure their survival and differentiation into mature functional neurons, and facilitate their integration into the neural circuit. Thus can integration replenish lost neurons after central nervous system injury, by improving the local microenvironment. By regulating each phase of endogenous neurogenesis, endogenous neural stem cells can be harnessed to promote effective regeneration of newborn neurons. This offers a novel approach for treating central nervous system injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hao
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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2
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Wang S, He Q, Qu Y, Yin W, Zhao R, Wang X, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Emerging strategies for nerve repair and regeneration in ischemic stroke: neural stem cell therapy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2430-2443. [PMID: 38526280 PMCID: PMC11090435 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, with limited treatment options available in clinical practice. The emergence of stem cell therapy has provided new hope to the field of stroke treatment via the restoration of brain neuron function. Exogenous neural stem cells are beneficial not only in cell replacement but also through the bystander effect. Neural stem cells regulate multiple physiological responses, including nerve repair, endogenous regeneration, immune function, and blood-brain barrier permeability, through the secretion of bioactive substances, including extracellular vesicles/exosomes. However, due to the complex microenvironment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and the low survival rate of neural stem cells following transplantation, limitations in the treatment effect remain unresolved. In this paper, we provide a detailed summary of the potential mechanisms of neural stem cell therapy for the treatment of ischemic stroke, review current neural stem cell therapeutic strategies and clinical trial results, and summarize the latest advancements in neural stem cell engineering to improve the survival rate of neural stem cells. We hope that this review could help provide insight into the therapeutic potential of neural stem cells and guide future scientific endeavors on neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siji Wang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qianyan He
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenjing Yin
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Ruoyu Zhao
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xuyutian Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery Center, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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3
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Ruetz TJ, Pogson AN, Kashiwagi CM, Gagnon SD, Morton B, Sun ED, Na J, Yeo RW, Leeman DS, Morgens DW, Tsui CK, Li A, Bassik MC, Brunet A. CRISPR-Cas9 screens reveal regulators of ageing in neural stem cells. Nature 2024:10.1038/s41586-024-07972-2. [PMID: 39358505 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Ageing impairs the ability of neural stem cells (NSCs) to transition from quiescence to proliferation in the adult mammalian brain. Functional decline of NSCs results in the decreased production of new neurons and defective regeneration following injury during ageing1-4. Several genetic interventions have been found to ameliorate old brain function5-8, but systematic functional testing of genes in old NSCs-and more generally in old cells-has not been done. Here we develop in vitro and in vivo high-throughput CRISPR-Cas9 screening platforms to systematically uncover gene knockouts that boost NSC activation in old mice. Our genome-wide screens in primary cultures of young and old NSCs uncovered more than 300 gene knockouts that specifically restore the activation of old NSCs. The top gene knockouts are involved in cilium organization and glucose import. We also establish a scalable CRISPR-Cas9 screening platform in vivo, which identified 24 gene knockouts that boost NSC activation and the production of new neurons in old brains. Notably, the knockout of Slc2a4, which encodes the GLUT4 glucose transporter, is a top intervention that improves the function of old NSCs. Glucose uptake increases in NSCs during ageing, and transient glucose starvation restores the ability of old NSCs to activate. Thus, an increase in glucose uptake may contribute to the decline in NSC activation with age. Our work provides scalable platforms to systematically identify genetic interventions that boost the function of old NSCs, including in vivo, with important implications for countering regenerative decline during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyson J Ruetz
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Angela N Pogson
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Bhek Morton
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric D Sun
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeeyoon Na
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Robin W Yeo
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dena S Leeman
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David W Morgens
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C Kimberly Tsui
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amy Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Anne Brunet
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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4
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Chaker Z, Makarouni E, Doetsch F. The Organism as the Niche: Physiological States Crack the Code of Adult Neural Stem Cell Heterogeneity. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2024; 40:381-406. [PMID: 38985883 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-120320-040213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) persist in the adult mammalian brain and are able to give rise to new neurons and glia throughout life. The largest stem cell niche in the adult mouse brain is the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles. Adult NSCs in the V-SVZ coexist in quiescent and actively proliferating states, and they exhibit a regionalized molecular identity. The importance of such spatial diversity is just emerging, as depending on their position within the niche, adult NSCs give rise to distinct subtypes of olfactory bulb interneurons and different types of glia. However, the functional relevance of stem cell heterogeneity in the V-SVZ is still poorly understood. Here, we put into perspective findings highlighting the importance of adult NSC diversity for brain plasticity, and how the body signals to brain stem cells in different physiological states to regulate their behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zayna Chaker
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; , ,
| | | | - Fiona Doetsch
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; , ,
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5
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Wilson KL, Joseph NI, Onweller LA, Anderson AR, Darling NJ, David-Bercholz J, Segura T. SDF-1 Bound Heparin Nanoparticles Recruit Progenitor Cells for Their Differentiation and Promotion of Angiogenesis after Stroke. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302081. [PMID: 38009291 PMCID: PMC11128481 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis after stroke is correlated with enhanced tissue repair and functional outcomes. The existing body of research in biomaterials for stroke focuses on hydrogels for the delivery of stem cells, growth factors, or small molecules or drugs. Despite the ability of hydrogels to enhance all these delivery methods, no material has significantly regrown vasculature within the translatable timeline of days to weeks after stroke. Here, two novel biomaterial formulations of granular hydrogels are developed for tissue regeneration after stroke: highly porous microgels (i.e., Cryo microgels) and microgels bound with heparin-norbornene nanoparticles with covalently bound SDF-1α. The combination of these materials results in perfused vessels throughout the stroke core in only 10 days, in addition to increased neural progenitor cell recruitment, maintenance, and increased neuronal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina L. Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Neica I. Joseph
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Lauren A. Onweller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Alexa R. Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0281, USA
| | - Nicole J. Darling
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708-0281, USA
- Department of Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0281 USA
- Department of Dermatology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708-0281 USA
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6
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He J, Zhang Y, Guo Y, Guo J, Chen X, Xu S, Xu X, Wu C, Liu C, Chen J, Ding Y, Fisher M, Jiang M, Liu G, Ji X, Wu D. Blood-derived factors to brain communication in brain diseases. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024:S2095-9273(24)00672-8. [PMID: 39353815 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2024.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Brain diseases, mainly including acute brain injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental disorders, have posed a significant threat to human health worldwide. Due to the limited regenerative capability and the existence of the blood-brain barrier, the brain was previously thought to be separated from the rest of the body. Currently, various cross-talks between the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral organs have been widely described, including the brain-gut axis, the brain-liver axis, the brain-skeletal muscle axis, and the brain-bone axis. Moreover, several lines of evidence indicate that leveraging systemic biology intervention approaches, including but not limited to lifestyle interventions, exercise, diet, blood administration, and peripheral immune responses, have demonstrated a significant influence on the progress and prognosis of brain diseases. The advancement of innovative proteomic and transcriptomic technologies has enriched our understanding of the nuanced interplay between peripheral organs and brain diseases. An array of novel or previously underappreciated blood-derived factors have been identified to play pivotal roles in mediating these communications. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of blood-to-brain communication following brain diseases. Special attention is given to the instrumental role of blood-derived signals, positing them as significant contributors to the complex process of brain diseases. The insights presented here aim to bridge the current knowledge gaps and inspire novel therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen He
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Department of Neurobiology, Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yansu Guo
- Beijing Geriatric Healthcare Center, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jiaqi Guo
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Shuaili Xu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xiaohan Xu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chuanjie Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chengeng Liu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yuchuan Ding
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 46801, USA
| | - Marc Fisher
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Miaowen Jiang
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Guiyou Liu
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Ministry of Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, China; Brain Hospital, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying 257034, China.
| | - Xunming Ji
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Neurology and China-America Institute of Neuroscience, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China; Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China.
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7
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Stins MF, Mtaja A, Mulendele E, Mwimbe D, Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Mutengo M, Pardo CA, Chipeta J. Inflammation and Elevated Osteopontin in Plasma and CSF in Cerebral Malaria Compared to Plasmodium-Negative Neurological Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9620. [PMID: 39273566 PMCID: PMC11394774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral malaria in young African children is associated with high mortality, and persisting neurological deficits often remain in survivors. Sequestered Plasmodium-infected red blood cells lead to cerebrovascular inflammation and subsequent neuroinflammation. Brain inflammation can play a role in the pathogenesis of neurologic sequelae. Therefore, we assessed a select set of proinflammatory analytes (IP10, IL23, MIP3α, GRO, MCP-1, and osteopontin in both the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) of Zambian children with cerebral malaria and compared this with children with neurological symptoms that were negative for Plasmodium falciparum (non-cerebral malaria). Several similarities in plasma and CSF levels were found, as were some striking differences. We confirmed that IP10 levels were higher in the plasma of cerebral malaria patients, but this was not found in CSF. Levels of osteopontin were elevated in both the plasma and CSF of CM patients compared to the non-CM patients. These results show again a highly inflammatory environment in both groups but a different profile for CM when compared to non-cerebral malaria. Osteopontin may play an important role in neurological inflammation in CM and the resulting sequelae. Therefore, osteopontin could be a valid target for further biomarker research and potentially for therapeutic interventions in neuroinflammatory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monique F Stins
- Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Biomedical Research Institute of Southern California, Oceanside, CA 92046, USA
| | - Agnes Mtaja
- University Teaching Hospital Malaria Research Unit (SMUTH-MRU), Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Evans Mulendele
- University Teaching Hospital Malaria Research Unit (SMUTH-MRU), Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Daniel Mwimbe
- University Teaching Hospital Malaria Research Unit (SMUTH-MRU), Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Gabriel D Pinilla-Monsalve
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21285, USA
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 Edouard Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Mable Mutengo
- University Teaching Hospital Malaria Research Unit (SMUTH-MRU), Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
- Institute of Basic and Biomedical Sciences, Levy Mwanawasa Medical University, Lusaka P.O. Box 33991, Zambia
| | - Carlos A Pardo
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neuroinfectious Diseases, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21285, USA
| | - James Chipeta
- University Teaching Hospital Malaria Research Unit (SMUTH-MRU), Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Zambia School of Medicine, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
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Fukui Y, Morihara R, Hu X, Nakano Y, Yunoki T, Takemoto M, Abe K, Yamashita T. Suppression of PTBP1 in hippocampal astrocytes promotes neurogenesis and ameliorates recognition memory in mice with cerebral ischemia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:20521. [PMID: 39227632 PMCID: PMC11372044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-71212-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic potential of suppressing polypyrimidine tract-binding protein 1 (Ptbp1) messenger RNA by viral transduction in a post-stroke dementia mouse model has not yet been examined. In this study, 3 days after cerebral ischemia, we injected a viral vector cocktail containing adeno-associated virus (AAV)-pGFAP-mCherry and AAV-pGFAP-CasRx (control vector) or a cocktail of AAV-pGFAP-mCherry and AAV-pGFAP-CasRx-SgRNA-(Ptbp1) (1:5, 1.0 × 1011 viral genomes) into post-stroke mice via the tail vein. We observed new mCherry/NeuN double-positive neuron-like cells in the hippocampus 56 days after cerebral ischemia. A portion of mCherry/GFAP double-positive astrocyte-like glia could have been converted into new mCherry/NeuN double-positive neuron-like cells with morphological changes. The new neuronal cells integrated into the dentate gyrus and recognition memory was significantly ameliorated. These results demonstrated that the in vivo conversion of hippocampal astrocyte-like glia into functional new neurons by the suppression of Ptbp1 might be a therapeutic strategy for post-stroke dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Fukui
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryuta Morihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Xinran Hu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nakano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Taijun Yunoki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Mami Takemoto
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Koji Abe
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toru Yamashita
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikatacho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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9
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Lin S, Chang Y, Lee W, Chiang C, Liu S, Lee H, Jeng L, Shyu W. Role of STAT3-FOXO3 Signaling in the Modulation of Neuroplasticity by PD-L1-HGF-Decorated Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in a Murine Stroke Model. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404882. [PMID: 39049677 PMCID: PMC11423231 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The limited therapeutic strategies available for stroke leave many patients disabled for life. This study assessed the potential of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-engineered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (EXO-PD-L1-HGF) in enhancing neurological recovery post-stroke. EXO-PD-L1-HGF, which efficiently endocytosed into target cells, significantly diminishes the H2O2-induced neurotoxicity and increased the antiapoptotic proteins in vitro. EXO-PD-L1-HGF attenuates inflammation by inhibiting T-cell proliferation and increasing the number of CD8+CD122+IL-10+ regulatory T cells. Intravenous injection of EXO-PD-L1-HGF could target stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α+) cells over the peri-infarcted area of the ischemic brain through CXCR4 upregulation and accumulation in neuroglial cells post-stroke. EXO-PD-L1-HGF facilitates endogenous nestin+ neural progenitor cell (NPC)-induced neurogenesis via STAT3-FOXO3 signaling cascade, which plays a pivotal role in cell survival and neuroprotection, thereby mitigating infarct size and enhancing neurological recovery in a murine stroke model. Moreover, increasing populations of the immune-regulatory CD19+IL-10+ and CD8+CD122+IL-10+ cells, together with reducing populations of proinflammatory cells, created an anti-inflammatory microenvironment in the ischemic brain. Thus, innovative approaches employing EXO-PD-L1-HGF intervention, which targets SDF-1α+ expression, modulates the immune system, and enhances the activation of resident nestin+ NPCs, might significantly alter the brain microenvironment and create a niche conducive to inducing neuroplastic regeneration post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syuan‐Ling Lin
- Translational Medicine Research Center and Department of NeurologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
| | - Yi‐Wen Chang
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchNational Taiwan University HospitalTaipei100Taiwan
| | - Wei Lee
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
| | - Chih‐Sheng Chiang
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung404Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Ping Liu
- Translational Medicine Research Center and Department of NeurologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung404Taiwan
| | - Hsu‐Tung Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical SciencesNational Defense Medical CenterTaipei114Taiwan
- Department of Post‐Baccalaureate Medicine, College of MedicineNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
- Division of neurosurgical Oncology Neurological InstituteTaichung Veterans General HospitalTaichung407Taiwan
| | - Long‐Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
- Organ Transplantation CenterChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
| | - Woei‐Cherng Shyu
- Translational Medicine Research Center and Department of NeurologyChina Medical University HospitalTaichung404Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and New Drug Development CenterChina Medical UniversityTaichung404Taiwan
- Department of Occupational TherapyAsia UniversityTaichung413Taiwan
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10
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Iwasa SN, Liu X, Naguib HE, Kalia SK, Popovic MR, Morshead CM. Electrical Stimulation for Stem Cell-Based Neural Repair: Zapping the Field to Action. eNeuro 2024; 11:ENEURO.0183-24.2024. [PMID: 39256040 PMCID: PMC11391505 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0183-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie N Iwasa
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
| | - Xilin Liu
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Hani E Naguib
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4, Canada
| | - Suneil K Kalia
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Milos R Popovic
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G4, Canada
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- The KITE Research Institute, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute-University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- CRANIA, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2A2, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1P5, Canada
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11
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Yılmaz E, Baltaci SB, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. The impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic process in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults: a narrative review. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:1025-1041. [PMID: 38151886 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ischemic stroke is the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide with more than half of survivors living with serious neurological sequelae thus, it has recently attracted considerable attention in the field of medical research. Neurogenesis is the process of formation of new neurons in the brain, including the human brain, from neural stem/progenitor cells [NS/PCs] which reside in neurogenic niches that contain the necessary substances for NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons which can integrate into a pre-existing neural network.Neurogenesis can be modulated by many exogenous and endogenous factors, pathological conditions. Both brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and flavonoids can modulate the neurogenic process in physiological conditions and after various pathological conditions including ischemic insults. AIM This review aims to discuss neurogenesis after ischemic insults and to determine the role of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenesis under physiological and pathological conditions with a concentration on ischemic insults to the brain in particular. METHOD Relevant articles assessing the impact of flavonoids and BDNF on neurogenic processes in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults within the timeline of 1965 until 2023 were searched using the PubMed database. CONCLUSIONS The selected studies have shown that ischemic insults to the brain induce NS/PC proliferation, differentiation, migration, and maturation into functioning neurons integrating into a pre-existing neural network. Flavonoids and BDNF can modulate neurogenesis in the brain in various physiological/pathological conditions including ischemic insults. In conclusion, flavonoids and BDNF may be involved in post-ischemic brain repair processes through enhancing endogenous neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Yılmaz
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Selcuk University, Medical Faculty, Department of Physiology, Konya, Turkey
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12
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Liu YF, Liu HT, Chang C, Yang CX, Liu XN, Wang X, Ge W, Wang RZ, Bao XJ. Stereotactically intracerebral transplantation of neural stem cells for ischemic stroke attenuated inflammatory responses and promoted neurogenesis: an experimental study with monkeys. Int J Surg 2024; 110:5417-5433. [PMID: 38874473 PMCID: PMC11392141 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemic stroke is a common neurovascular disorder with high morbidity and mortality. However, the underlying mechanism of stereotactically intracerebral transplantation of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) is not well elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four days after ischemic stroke induced by Rose Bengal photothrombosis, seven cynomolgus monkeys were transplanted with hNSCs or vehicles stereotactically and followed up for 84 days. Behavioral assessments, magnetic resonance imaging, blood tests, and pathological analysis were performed before and after treatment. The proteome profiles of the left and right precentral gyrus and hippocampus were evaluated. Extracellular vesicle micro-RNA (miRNA) from the peripheral blood was extracted and analyzed. RESULTS hNSC transplantation reduced the remaining infarcted lesion volume of cynomolgus monkeys with ischemic stroke without remarkable side effects. Proteomic analyses indicated that hNSC transplantation promoted GABAergic and glutamatergic neurogenesis and restored the mitochondrial electron transport chain function in the ischemic infarcted left precentral gyrus or hippocampus. Immunohistochemical staining and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR confirmed the promoting effects on neurogenesis and revealed that hNSCs attenuated post-infarct inflammatory responses by suppressing resident glia activation and mediating peripheral immune cell infiltration. Consistently, miRNA-sequencing revealed the miRNAs that were related to these pathways were downregulated after hNSC transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that hNSCs can be effectively and safely used to treat ischemic stroke by promoting neurogenesis, regulating post-infarct inflammatory responses, and restoring mitochondrial function in both the infarct region and hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan
| | - Hao-Tian Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Chuheng Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Cheng-Xian Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing
| | - Xin-Nan Liu
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
| | - Ren-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- School of Medicine, Life and Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong
| | - Xin-Jie Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
- State Key Laboratory of Common Mechanism Research for Major Diseases, Beijing, China
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13
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Blanco-Acevedo C, Aguera-Morales E, Fuentes-Fayos AC, Pelaez-Viña N, Diaz-Pernalete R, Infante-Santos N, Muñoz-Jurado A, Porras-Pantojo MF, Ibáñez-Costa A, Luque RM, Solivera-Vela J. Decompressive Hemicraniectomy without Evacuation of Acute Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1666. [PMID: 39200131 PMCID: PMC11352014 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) are prevalent, with high morbidity and mortality. We analyzed whether decompressive craniectomy (DC) without evacuation of the acute intraparenchymal hematoma could produce better functional outcomes than treatment with evacuation. METHODS Patients with acute ICH treated with DC without clot evacuation, or evacuation with or without associated craniectomy were included. Matched univariate analyses were performed, and a binary logistic regression model was constructed using the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and modified Rankin scale (mRS) as dependent variables. RESULTS 27 patients treated with DC without clot evacuation were compared to 36 patients with clot evacuation; eleven of the first group were matched with 18 patients with evacuation. A significantly better functional prognosis in the group treated with DC without clot evacuation was found. Patients aged < 55 years and treated with DC without clot evacuation had a significantly better functional prognosis (p = 0.008 and p = 0.039, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the intervention performed was the greatest predictor of functional status at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS DC without clot evacuation improves the functional prognosis of patients with acute intraparenchymal hematomas. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to determine whether a change in the management of acute ICH should be recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristóbal Blanco-Acevedo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (E.A.-M.); (N.P.-V.); (J.S.-V.)
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
| | - Eduardo Aguera-Morales
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (E.A.-M.); (N.P.-V.); (J.S.-V.)
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio C. Fuentes-Fayos
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Nazareth Pelaez-Viña
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (E.A.-M.); (N.P.-V.); (J.S.-V.)
| | - Rosa Diaz-Pernalete
- Intensive Care Service, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (R.D.-P.)
| | | | - Ana Muñoz-Jurado
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Ibáñez-Costa
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Raúl M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, 14014 Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Juan Solivera-Vela
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Reina Sofia University Hospital (HURS), 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (E.A.-M.); (N.P.-V.); (J.S.-V.)
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofia University, Hospital University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain; (A.C.F.-F.); (A.M.-J.); (A.I.-C.); (R.M.L.)
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Cordoba, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
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14
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Ouzikov S, Edwards KM, Anandampillai T, Watanabe S, Lozano Casasbuenas D, Siu KK, Harkins D, Dou A, Jeong D, Lee JE, Yuzwa SA. LRIG1 controls proliferation of adult neural stem cells by facilitating TGFβ and BMP signalling pathways. Commun Biol 2024; 7:845. [PMID: 38987622 PMCID: PMC11237139 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSCs) in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) are largely quiescent. Here, we characterize the mechanism underlying the functional role of a cell-signalling inhibitory protein, LRIG1, in the control of aNSCs proliferation. Using Lrig1 knockout models, we show that Lrig1 ablation results in increased aNSCs proliferation with no change in neuronal progeny and that this hyperproliferation likely does not result solely from activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Loss of LRIG1, however, also leads to impaired activation of transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling. Biochemically, we show that LRIG1 binds TGFβ/BMP receptors and the TGFβ1 ligand. Finally, we show that the consequences of these interactions are to facilitate SMAD phosphorylation. Collectively, these data suggest that unlike in embryonic NSCs where EGFR may be the primary mechanism of action, in aNSCs, LRIG1 and TGFβ pathways function together to fulfill their inhibitory roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ouzikov
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Kyshona M Edwards
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Tanvi Anandampillai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Samuel Watanabe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Daniela Lozano Casasbuenas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Karen K Siu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Danyon Harkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Aaron Dou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Danielle Jeong
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Scott A Yuzwa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada.
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15
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Detante O, Legris L, Moisan A, Rome C. Cell Therapy and Functional Recovery of Stroke. Neuroscience 2024; 550:79-88. [PMID: 38013148 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the most common cause of disability. Brain repair mechanisms are often insufficient to allow a full recovery. Stroke damage involve all brain cell type and extracellular matrix which represent the crucial "glio-neurovascular niche" useful for brain plasticity. Regenerative medicine including cell therapies hold great promise to decrease post-stroke disability of many patients, by promoting both neuroprotection and neural repair through direct effects on brain lesion and/or systemic effects such as immunomodulation. Mechanisms of action vary according to each grafted cell type: "peripheral" stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), can provide paracrine trophic support, and neural stem/progenitor cells (NSC) or neurons can act as direct cells' replacements. Optimal time window, route, and doses are still debated, and may depend on the chosen medicinal product and its expected mechanism such as neuroprotection, delayed brain repair, systemic effects, or graft survival and integration in host network. MSC, mononuclear cells (MNC), umbilical cord stem cells and NSC are the most investigated. Innovative approaches are implemented concerning combinatorial approaches with growth factors and biomaterials such as injectable hydrogels which could protect a cell graft and/or deliver drugs into the post-stroke cavity at chronic stages. Through main publications of the last two decades, we provide in this review concepts and suggestions to improve future translational researches and larger clinical trials of cell therapy in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Detante
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Stroke Unit, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Loic Legris
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Stroke Unit, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Anaick Moisan
- Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France; Cell Therapy and Engineering Unit, EFS Rhône Alpes, 464 route de Lancey, 38330 Saint Ismier, France.
| | - Claire Rome
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institute Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France; Stroke Unit, Neurology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, CS10217, 38043 Grenoble, France; Axe Neurosciences Cliniques - Innovative Brain Therapies, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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16
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Alhadidi QM, Bahader GA, Arvola O, Kitchen P, Shah ZA, Salman MM. Astrocytes in functional recovery following central nervous system injuries. J Physiol 2024; 602:3069-3096. [PMID: 37702572 PMCID: PMC11421637 DOI: 10.1113/jp284197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are increasingly recognised as partaking in complex homeostatic mechanisms critical for regulating neuronal plasticity following central nervous system (CNS) insults. Ischaemic stroke and traumatic brain injury are associated with high rates of disability and mortality. Depending on the context and type of injury, reactive astrocytes respond with diverse morphological, proliferative and functional changes collectively known as astrogliosis, which results in both pathogenic and protective effects. There is a large body of research on the negative consequences of astrogliosis following brain injuries. There is also growing interest in how astrogliosis might in some contexts be protective and help to limit the spread of the injury. However, little is known about how astrocytes contribute to the chronic functional recovery phase following traumatic and ischaemic brain insults. In this review, we explore the protective functions of astrocytes in various aspects of secondary brain injury such as oedema, inflammation and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. We also discuss the current knowledge on astrocyte contribution to tissue regeneration, including angiogenesis, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, dendrogenesis and axogenesis. Finally, we discuss diverse astrocyte-related factors that, if selectively targeted, could form the basis of astrocyte-targeted therapeutic strategies to better address currently untreatable CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qasim M Alhadidi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Al-Yarmok University College, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Ghaith A Bahader
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Oiva Arvola
- Division of Anaesthesiology, Jorvi Hospital, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philip Kitchen
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Zahoor A Shah
- Department of Medicinal and Biological Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Mootaz M Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Kavli Institute for NanoScience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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17
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Venketasubramanian N, Yeo TT, Chen CLH. Translational Medicine in Acute Ischemic Stroke and Traumatic Brain Injury-NeuroAiD Trials, from Traditional Beliefs to Evidence-Based Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:680. [PMID: 38927083 PMCID: PMC11202287 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are two severe neurological events, both being major causes of death and prolonged impairment. Their incidence continues to rise due to the global increase in the number of people at risk, representing a significant burden on those remaining impaired, their families, and society. These molecular and cellular mechanisms of both stroke and TBI present similarities that can be targeted by treatments with a multimodal mode of action, such as traditional Chinese medicine. Therefore, we performed a detailed review of the preclinical and clinical development of MLC901 (NeuroAiDTMII), a natural multi-herbal formulation targeting several biological pathways at the origin of the clinical deficits. The endogenous neurobiological processes of self-repair initiated by the brain in response to the onset of brain injury are often insufficient to achieve complete recovery of impaired functions. This review of MLC901 and its parent formulation MLC601 confirms that it amplifies the natural self-repair process of brain tissue after AIS or TBI. Following AIS and TBI where "time is brain", many patients enter the post-acute phase with their functions still impaired, a period when "the brain needs time to repair itself". The treatment goal must be to accelerate recovery as much as possible. MLC901/601 demonstrated a significant reduction by 18 months of recovery time compared to a placebo, indicating strong potential for facilitating the improvement of health outcomes and the more efficient use of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tseng Tsai Yeo
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Christopher Li Hsian Chen
- Memory Aging and Cognition Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Blk MD3, 16 Medical Drive, #04-01, Singapore 117600, Singapore;
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18
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Ruscu M, Glavan D, Surugiu R, Doeppner TR, Hermann DM, Gresita A, Capitanescu B, Popa-Wagner A. Pharmacological and stem cell therapy of stroke in animal models: Do they accurately reflect the response of humans? Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114753. [PMID: 38490317 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death worldwide. Despite significant research investment, the only available therapeutic options are mechanical thrombectomy and tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis. None of the more than a thousand drugs tested on animal models have proven successful in human clinical trials. Several factors contribute to this poor translation of data from stroke-related animal models to human stroke patients. Firstly, our understanding of the molecular and cellular processes involved in recovering from an ischemic stroke is severely limited. Secondly, although the risk of stroke is particularly high among older patients with comorbidities, most drugs are tested on young, healthy animals in controlled laboratory conditions. Furthermore, in animal models, the tracking of post-stroke recovery typically spans only 3 to 28 days, with occasional extensions to 60 days, whereas human stroke recovery is a more extended and complex process. Thirdly, young animal models often exhibit a considerably higher rate of spontaneous recovery compared to humans following a stroke. Fourth, only a very limited number of animals are utilized for each condition, including control groups. Another contributing factor to the much smaller beneficial effects in humans is that positive outcomes from numerous animal studies are more readily accepted than results reported in human trials that do not show a clear benefit to the patient. Useful recommendations for conducting experiments in animal models, with increased chances of translatability to humans, have been issued by both the STEPS investigative team and the STAIR committee. However, largely, due to economic factors, these recommendations are largely ignored. Furthermore, one might attribute the overall failures in predicting and subsequently developing effective acute stroke therapies beyond thrombolysis to potential design deficiencies in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Ruscu
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniela Glavan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Roxana Surugiu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany
| | - Thorsten R Doeppner
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen 37075, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Giessen Medical School, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Dirk M Hermann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen 45147, Germany
| | - Andrei Gresita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 115680-8000, USA
| | - Bogdan Capitanescu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 115680-8000, USA.
| | - Aurel Popa-Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; Department of Biomedical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Old Westbury, NY 115680-8000, USA.
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19
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Bernard M, Menet R, Lecordier S, ElAli A. Endothelial PDGF-D contributes to neurovascular protection after ischemic stroke by rescuing pericyte functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:225. [PMID: 38769116 PMCID: PMC11106055 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05244-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke induces neovascularization of the injured tissue as an attempt to promote structural repair and neurological recovery. Angiogenesis is regulated by pericytes that potently react to ischemic stroke stressors, ranging from death to dysfunction. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor (PDGFR)β controls pericyte survival, migration, and interaction with brain endothelial cells. PDGF-D a specific ligand of PDGFRβ is expressed in the brain, yet its regulation and role in ischemic stroke pathobiology remains unexplored. Using experimental ischemic stroke mouse model, we found that PDGF-D is transiently induced in brain endothelial cells at the injury site in the subacute phase. To investigate the biological significance of PDGF-D post-ischemic stroke regulation, its subacute expression was either downregulated using siRNA or upregulated using an active recombinant form. Attenuation of PDGF-D subacute induction exacerbates neuronal loss, impairs microvascular density, alters vascular permeability, and increases microvascular stalling. Increasing PDGF-D subacute bioavailability rescues neuronal survival and improves neurological recovery. PDGF-D subacute enhanced bioavailability promotes stable neovascularization of the injured tissue and improves brain perfusion. Notably, PDGF-D enhanced bioavailability improves pericyte association with brain endothelial cells. Cell-based assays using human brain pericyte and brain endothelial cells exposed to ischemia-like conditions were applied to investigate the underlying mechanisms. PDGF-D stimulation attenuates pericyte loss and fibrotic transition, while increasing the secretion of pro-angiogenic and vascular protective factors. Moreover, PDGF-D stimulates pericyte migration required for optimal endothelial coverage and promotes angiogenesis. Our study unravels new insights into PDGF-D contribution to neurovascular protection after ischemic stroke by rescuing the functions of pericytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Bernard
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec (CHUQ)-Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Romain Menet
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec (CHUQ)-Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Sarah Lecordier
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec (CHUQ)-Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec (CHUQ)-Université Laval, 2705 Laurier Boulevard, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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20
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Yaqubi S, Karimian M. Stem cell therapy as a promising approach for ischemic stroke treatment. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100183. [PMID: 38831867 PMCID: PMC11144755 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia as the most common type of stroke is the main cause of death and disability in the world. However, there are few therapeutic approaches to treat ischemic stroke. The common approach to the treatment of ischemia includes surgery-cum-chemical drugs. Surgery and chemical drugs are used to remove blood clots to prevent the deterioration of the nervous system. Given the surgical hazards and the challenges associated with chemical drugs, these cannot be considered safe approaches to the treatment of brain ischemia. Besides surgery-cum-chemical drugs, different types of stem cells including mesenchymal stem cells and neurological stem cells have been considered to treat ischemic stroke. Therapeutic approaches utilizing stem cells to treat strokes are promising because of their neuroprotective and regenerative benefits. However, the mechanisms by which the transplanted stem cells perform their precisely actions are unknown. The purpose of this study is to critically review stem cell-based therapeutic approaches for ischemia along with related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Yaqubi
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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21
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Berlin E, Lork AA, Bornecrantz M, Ernst C, Phan NTN. Lipid organization and turnover in the plasma membrane of human differentiating neural progenitor cells revealed by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging. Talanta 2024; 272:125762. [PMID: 38394748 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.125762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Membrane lipids have been known to influence multiple signalling and cellular processes. Dysregulation of lipids at the neuronal membrane is connected to a significant alteration of the brain function and morphology, leading to brain diseases and neurodegeneration. Understanding the lipid composition and turnover of neuronal membrane will provide a significant insight into the molecular events underlying the regulatory effects of these biomolecules in a neuronal system. In this study, we aimed to characterize the composition and turnover of the plasma membrane lipids in human neural progenitor cells (NPCs) at an early differentiation stage into midbrain neurons using ToF-SIMS imaging. Lipid composition of the native plasma membrane was explored, followed by an examination of the lipid turnover using different isotopically labelled lipid precursors, including 13C-choline, 13C-lauric acid, 15N-linoleic, and 13C-stearic. Our results showed that differentiating NPCs contain a high abundance of ceramides, glycerophosphoserines, neutral glycosphingolipids, diradylglycerols, and glycerophosphocholines at the plasma membrane. In addition, different precursors were found to incorporate into different membrane lipids which are specific for the short- or long-carbon chains, and the unsaturation or saturation stage of the precursors. The lipid structure of neuronal membrane reflects the differentiation status of NPCs, and it can be altered significantly using a particular lipid precursor. Our study illustrates a potential of ToF-SIMS imaging to study native plasma membrane lipids and elucidate complex cellular processes by providing molecular -rich information at a single cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Berlin
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alicia A Lork
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Bornecrantz
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carl Ernst
- McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Nhu T N Phan
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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22
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Kvistad CE, Kråkenes T, Gavasso S, Bø L. Neural regeneration in the human central nervous system-from understanding the underlying mechanisms to developing treatments. Where do we stand today? Front Neurol 2024; 15:1398089. [PMID: 38803647 PMCID: PMC11129638 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1398089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Mature neurons in the human central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate after injuries. This is a common denominator across different aetiologies, including multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury and ischemic stroke. The lack of regeneration leads to permanent functional deficits with a substantial impact on patient quality of life, representing a significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Great efforts have been made to decipher the responsible mechanisms and we now know that potent intra- and extracellular barriers prevent axonal repair. This knowledge has resulted in numerous clinical trials, aiming to promote neuroregeneration through different approaches. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the causes to the poor regeneration within the human CNS. We also review the results of the treatment attempts that have been translated into clinical trials so far.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torbjørn Kråkenes
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sonia Gavasso
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lars Bø
- Neuro-SysMed, Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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23
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Duan M, Xu Y, Li Y, Feng H, Chen Y. Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:102. [PMID: 38637850 PMCID: PMC11025216 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has changed over the past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system, both in the healthy state and after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Although primary injury after stroke is certainly important, the limited therapeutic efficacy, poor neurological prognosis and high mortality have led researchers to realize that secondary injury and damage may also play important roles in influencing long-term neurological prognosis and mortality and that the neuroinflammatory process in secondary injury is one of the most important influences on disease progression. Here, we summarize the interactions of the central nervous system with the peripheral immune system after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, in particular, how the central nervous system activates and recruits peripheral immune components, and we review recent advances in corresponding therapeutic approaches and clinical studies, emphasizing the importance of the role of the peripheral immune system in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanshu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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24
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Zhao J, Liu S, Xiang X, Zhu X. Versatile strategies for adult neurogenesis: avenues to repair the injured brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:774-780. [PMID: 37843211 PMCID: PMC10664121 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injuries due to trauma or stroke are major causes of adult death and disability. Unfortunately, few interventions are effective for post-injury repair of brain tissue. After a long debate on whether endogenous neurogenesis actually happens in the adult human brain, there is now substantial evidence to support its occurrence. Although neurogenesis is usually significantly stimulated by injury, the reparative potential of endogenous differentiation from neural stem/progenitor cells is usually insufficient. Alternatively, exogenous stem cell transplantation has shown promising results in animal models, but limitations such as poor long-term survival and inefficient neuronal differentiation make it still challenging for clinical use. Recently, a high focus was placed on glia-to-neuron conversion under single-factor regulation. Despite some inspiring results, the validity of this strategy is still controversial. In this review, we summarize historical findings and recent advances on neurogenesis strategies for neurorepair after brain injury. We also discuss their advantages and drawbacks, as to provide a comprehensive account of their potentials for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhao
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Siyu Liu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xianyuan Xiang
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinzhou Zhu
- The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
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25
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Wu X, Zhang T, Jia J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Fang Z, Zhang C, Bai Y, Li Z, Li Y. Perspective insights into versatile hydrogels for stroke: From molecular mechanisms to functional applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116309. [PMID: 38479180 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
As the leading killer of life and health, stroke leads to limb paralysis, speech disorder, dysphagia, cognitive impairment, mental depression and other symptoms, which entail a significant financial burden to society and families. At present, physiology, clinical medicine, engineering, and materials science, advanced biomaterials standing on the foothold of these interdisciplinary disciplines provide new opportunities and possibilities for the cure of stroke. Among them, hydrogels have been endowed with more possibilities. It is well-known that hydrogels can be employed as potential biosensors, medication delivery vectors, and cell transporters or matrices in tissue engineering in tissue engineering, and outperform many traditional therapeutic drugs, surgery, and materials. Therefore, hydrogels become a popular scaffolding treatment option for stroke. Diverse synthetic hydrogels were designed according to different pathophysiological mechanisms from the recently reported literature will be thoroughly explored. The biological uses of several types of hydrogels will be highlighted, including pro-angiogenesis, pro-neurogenesis, anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis. Finally, considerations and challenges of using hydrogels in the treatment of stroke are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Tiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Yining Chen
- Key laboratory for Leather Chemistry and Engineering of the Education Ministry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhenwei Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
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26
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Sun X, Pan Y, Luo Y, Guo H, Zhang Z, Wang D, Li C, Sun X. Naoxinqing tablet protects against cerebral ischemic/reperfusion injury by regulating ampkα/NAMPT/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117672. [PMID: 38159826 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Naoxinqing (NXQ) tablets are derived from persimmon leaves and are widely used in China for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in China. We aimed to explore whether NXQ has the therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke and explored its possible mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion (MCAO/R) surgery was used to establish the cerebral ischemic/reperfusion rat model. NXQ (60 mg/kg and 120 mg/kg) were administered orally. The TTC staining, whole brain water content, histopathology staining, immunofluorescent staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot analyses were performed to determine the therapeutical effect of NXQ on MCAO/R rats. RESULTS The study demonstrated that NXQ reduced the cerebral infarction volumes and neurologic deficits in MCAO/R rats. The neuroprotective effects of NXQ were accompanied by inhibited oxidative stress and inflammation. The nerve regeneration effects of NXQ were related to regulating the AMPKα/NAMPT/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway. CONCLUSION In summary, our results revealed that NXQ had a significant protective effect on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. This study broadens the therapeutic scope of NXQ tablets and provides new neuroprotective mechanisms of NXQ as an anti-stroke therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haibiao Guo
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Deqin Wang
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuyuan Li
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Beijing, China.
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27
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Valcárcel-Hernández V, Mayerl S, Guadaño-Ferraz A, Remaud S. Thyroid hormone action in adult neurogliogenic niches: the known and unknown. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1347802. [PMID: 38516412 PMCID: PMC10954857 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1347802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, thyroid hormones (THs) signaling has been established as a key signaling cue for the proper maintenance of brain functions in adult mammals, including humans. One of the most fascinating roles of THs in the mature mammalian brain is their ability to regulate adult neurogliogenic processes. In this respect, THs control the generation of new neuronal and glial progenitors from neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as their final differentiation and maturation programs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the cellular organization of adult rodent neurogliogenic niches encompassing well-established niches in the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles, the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), and the hypothalamus, but also less characterized niches in the striatum and the cerebral cortex. We then discuss critical questions regarding how THs availability is regulated in the respective niches in rodents and larger mammals as well as how modulating THs availability in those niches interferes with lineage decision and progression at the molecular, cellular, and functional levels. Based on those alterations, we explore the novel therapeutic avenues aiming at harnessing THs regulatory influences on neurogliogenic output to stimulate repair processes by influencing the generation of either new neurons (i.e. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases), oligodendrocytes (multiple sclerosis) or both (stroke). Finally, we point out future challenges, which will shape research in this exciting field in the upcoming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Valcárcel-Hernández
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ana Guadaño-Ferraz
- Department of Neurological Diseases and Aging, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sylvie Remaud
- Laboratory Molecular Physiology and Adaptation, CNRS UMR 7221, Department Adaptations of Life, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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28
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Zhang S, Cui K, Li Y, Fan Y, Wang D, Yao X, Fang B. The m 6A methylation and expression profiles of mouse neural stem cells after hypoxia/reoxygenation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:43. [PMID: 38360659 PMCID: PMC10870567 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03658-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion injury to the central nervous system often causes severe complications. The activation of endogenous neural stem cells (NSCs) is considered a promising therapeutic strategy for nerve repair. However, the specific biological processes and molecular mechanisms of NSC activation remain unclear, and the role of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation modification in this process has not been explored. METHODS NSCs were subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to simulate ischemia-reperfusion in vivo. m6A RNA methylation quantitative kit was used to measure the total RNA m6A methylation level. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect methyltransferase and demethylase mRNA expression levels. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were conducted for NSCs in control and H/R groups, and the sequencing results were analyzed using bioinformatics. Finally, the migration ability of NSCs was identified by wound healing assays, and the proliferative capacity of NSCs was assessed using the cell counting kit-8, EdU assays and cell spheroidization assays. RESULTS Overall of m6A modification level and Mettl14 mRNA expression increased in NSCs after H/R treatment. The m6A methylation and expression profiles of mRNAs in NSCs after H/R are described for the first time. Through the joint analysis of MeRIP-seq and RNA-seq results, we verified the proliferation of NSCs after H/R, which was regulated by m6A methylation modification. Seven hub genes were identified to play key roles in the regulatory process. Knockdown of Mettl14 significantly inhibited the proliferation of NSCs. In addition, separate analysis of the MeRIP-seq results suggested that m6A methylation regulates cell migration and differentiation in ways other than affecting mRNA expression. Subsequent experiments confirmed the migration ability of NSCs was suppressed by knockdown of Mettl14. CONCLUSION The biological behaviors of NSCs after H/R are closely related to m6A methylation of mRNAs, and Mettl14 was confirmed to be involved in cell proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoqiong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kaile Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiting Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xingen Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Di Martino E, Rayasam A, Vexler ZS. Brain Maturation as a Fundamental Factor in Immune-Neurovascular Interactions in Stroke. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:69-86. [PMID: 36705821 PMCID: PMC10796425 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01111-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Injuries in the developing brain cause significant long-term neurological deficits. Emerging clinical and preclinical data have demonstrated that the pathophysiology of neonatal and childhood stroke share similar mechanisms that regulate brain damage, but also have distinct molecular signatures and cellular pathways. The focus of this review is on two different diseases-neonatal and childhood stroke-with emphasis on similarities and distinctions identified thus far in rodent models of these diseases. This includes the susceptibility of distinct cell types to brain injury with particular emphasis on the role of resident and peripheral immune populations in modulating stroke outcome. Furthermore, we discuss some of the most recent and relevant findings in relation to the immune-neurovascular crosstalk and how the influence of inflammatory mediators is dependent on specific brain maturation stages. Finally, we comment on the current state of treatments geared toward inducing neuroprotection and promoting brain repair after injury and highlight that future prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for stroke should be age-specific and consider gender differences in order to achieve optimal translational success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Di Martino
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA
| | - Aditya Rayasam
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA
| | - Zinaida S Vexler
- Department of Neurology, University California San Francisco, 675 Nelson Rising Lane, San Francisco, CA, 94158-0663, USA.
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30
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Islam R, Ahlfors JE, Siu R, Noman H, Akbary R, Morshead CM. Inhibition of Apoptosis in a Model of Ischemic Stroke Leads to Enhanced Cell Survival, Endogenous Neural Precursor Cell Activation and Improved Functional Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1786. [PMID: 38339065 PMCID: PMC10855341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke results in neuronal cell death, which causes long-term disabilities in adults. Treatment options are limited and rely on a narrow window of opportunity. Apoptosis inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in improving neuronal cell survival in animal models of stroke. However, many inhibitors non-specifically target apoptosis pathways and high doses are needed for treatment. We explored the use of a novel caspase-3/7 inhibitor, New World Laboratories (NWL) 283, with a lower IC50 than current caspase-3/7 inhibitors. We performed in vitro and in vivo assays to determine the efficacy of NWL283 in modulating cell death in a preclinical model of stroke. In vitro and in vivo assays show that NWL283 enhances cell survival of neural precursor cells. Delivery of NWL283 following stroke enhances endogenous NPC migration and leads to increased neurogenesis in the stroke-injured cortex. Furthermore, acute NWL283 administration is neuroprotective at the stroke injury site, decreasing neuronal cell death and reducing microglia activation. Coincident with NWL283 delivery for 8 days, stroke-injured mice exhibited improved functional outcomes that persisted following cessation of the drug. Therefore, we propose that NWL283 is a promising therapeutic warranting further investigation to enhance stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehnuma Islam
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Jan-Eric Ahlfors
- New World Laboratories, 275 Boul. Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC H7V 4A7, Canada
| | - Ricky Siu
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Humna Noman
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Roya Akbary
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
| | - Cindi M. Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, 149 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
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31
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Huang L, Lai X, Liang X, Chen J, Yang Y, Xu W, Qin Q, Qin R, Huang X, Xie M, Chen L. A promise for neuronal repair: reprogramming astrocytes into neurons in vivo. Biosci Rep 2024; 44:BSR20231717. [PMID: 38175538 PMCID: PMC10830445 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20231717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Massive loss of neurons following brain injury or disease is the primary cause of central nervous system dysfunction. Recently, much research has been conducted on how to compensate for neuronal loss in damaged parts of the nervous system and thus restore functional connectivity among neurons. Direct somatic cell differentiation into neurons using pro-neural transcription factors, small molecules, or microRNAs, individually or in association, is the most promising form of neural cell replacement therapy available. This method provides a potential remedy for cell loss in a variety of neurodegenerative illnesses, and the development of reprogramming technology has made this method feasible. This article provides a comprehensive review of reprogramming, including the selection and methods of reprogramming starting cell populations as well as the signaling methods involved in this process. Additionally, we thoroughly examine how reprogramming astrocytes into neurons can be applied to treat stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss the challenges of neuronal reprogramming and offer insights about the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xinyu Lai
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Regenerative Medicine and Medical BioResource Development and Application Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Jiafeng Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Qingchun Qin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
- State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-Targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Rongxing Qin
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Minshan Xie
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, China
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32
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Radoszkiewicz K, Bzinkowska A, Chodkowska M, Rybkowska P, Sypecka M, Zembrzuska-Kaska I, Sarnowska A. Deciphering the impact of cerebrospinal fluid on stem cell fate as a new mechanism to enhance clinical therapy development. Front Neurosci 2024; 17:1332751. [PMID: 38282622 PMCID: PMC10811009 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1332751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) hold a very significant promise as candidates for cell therapy due to their robust neuroprotective and regenerative properties. Preclinical studies using NSCs have shown enough encouraging results to perform deeper investigations into more potential clinical applications. Nevertheless, our knowledge regarding neurogenesis and its underlying mechanisms remains incomplete. To understand them better, it seems necessary to characterize all components of neural stem cell niche and discover their role in physiology and pathology. Using NSCs in vivo brings challenges including limited cell survival and still inadequate integration within host tissue. Identifying overlooked factors that might influence these outcomes becomes pivotal. In this review, we take a deeper examination of the influence of a fundamental element that is present in the brain, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which still remains relatively unexplored. Its role in neurogenesis could be instrumental to help find novel therapeutic solutions for neurological disorders, eventually advancing our knowledge on central nervous system (CNS) regeneration and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anna Sarnowska
- Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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33
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Boyle BR, Berghella AP, Blanco-Suarez E. Astrocyte Regulation of Neuronal Function and Survival in Stroke Pathophysiology. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 39:233-267. [PMID: 39190078 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-64839-7_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between astrocytes and neurons in the context of stroke play crucial roles in the disease's progression and eventual outcomes. After a stroke, astrocytes undergo significant changes in their morphology, molecular profile, and function, together termed reactive astrogliosis. Many of these changes modulate how astrocytes relate to neurons, inducing mechanisms both beneficial and detrimental to stroke recovery. For example, excessive glutamate release and astrocytic malfunction contribute to excitotoxicity in stroke, eventually causing neuronal death. Astrocytes also provide essential metabolic support and neurotrophic signals to neurons after stroke, ensuring homeostatic stability and promoting neuronal survival. Furthermore, several astrocyte-secreted molecules regulate synaptic plasticity in response to stroke, allowing for the rewiring of neural circuits to compensate for damaged areas. In this chapter, we highlight the current understanding of the interactions between astrocytes and neurons in response to stroke, explaining the varied mechanisms contributing to injury progression and the potential implications for future therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget R Boyle
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrea P Berghella
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elena Blanco-Suarez
- Department of Neuroscience, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Jefferson College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Vickie & Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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34
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Goodman GW, Do TH, Tan C, Ritzel RM. Drivers of Chronic Pathology Following Ischemic Stroke: A Descriptive Review. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:7. [PMID: 38112809 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01437-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is the third leading cause of death and long-term disability in the world. Considered largely a disease of aging, its global economic and healthcare burden is expected to rise as more people survive into advanced age. With recent advances in acute stroke management, including the expansion of time windows for treatment with intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, we are likely to see an increase in survival rates. It is therefore critically important to understand the complete pathophysiology of ischemic stroke, both in the acute and subacute stages and during the chronic phase in the months and years following an ischemic event. One of the most clinically relevant aspects of the chronic sequelae of stroke is its extended negative effect on cognition. Cognitive impairment may be related to the deterioration and dysfunctional reorganization of white matter seen at later timepoints after stroke, as well as ongoing progressive neurodegeneration. The vasculature of the brain also undergoes significant insult and remodeling following stroke, undergoing changes which may further contribute to chronic stroke pathology. While inflammation and the immune response are well established drivers of acute stroke pathology, the chronicity and functional role of innate and adaptive immune responses in the post-ischemic brain and in the peripheral environment remain largely uncharacterized. In this review, we summarize the current literature on post-stroke injury progression, its chronic pathological features, and the putative secondary injury mechanisms underlying the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. We present findings from clinical and experimental studies and discuss the long-term effects of ischemic stroke on both brain anatomy and functional outcome. Identifying mechanisms that occur months to years after injury could lead to treatment strategies in the chronic phase of stroke to help mitigate stroke-associated cognitive decline in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant W Goodman
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Trang H Do
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rodney M Ritzel
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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35
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Riley VA, Shankar V, Holmberg JC, Sokolov AM, Neckles VN, Williams K, Lyman R, Mackay TF, Feliciano DM. Tsc2 coordinates neuroprogenitor differentiation. iScience 2023; 26:108442. [PMID: 38107199 PMCID: PMC10724693 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) of the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) generate numerous cell types. The uncoupling of mRNA transcript availability and translation occurs during the progression from stem to differentiated states. The mTORC1 kinase pathway acutely controls proteins that regulate mRNA translation. Inhibiting mTORC1 during differentiation is hypothesized to be critical for brain development since somatic mutations of mTORC1 regulators perturb brain architecture. Inactivating mutations of TSC1 or TSC2 genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). TSC patients have growths near the striatum and ventricles. Here, it is demonstrated that V-SVZ NSC Tsc2 inactivation causes striatal hamartomas. Tsc2 removal altered translation factors, translatomes, and translational efficiency. Single nuclei RNA sequencing following in vivo loss of Tsc2 revealed changes in NSC activation states. The inability to decouple mRNA transcript availability and translation delayed differentiation leading to the retention of immature phenotypes in hamartomas. Taken together, Tsc2 is required for translational repression and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A. Riley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Vijay Shankar
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | | | - Aidan M. Sokolov
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Kaitlyn Williams
- Clemson University Genomics and Bioinformatics Facility (CUGBF), Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Rachel Lyman
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - Trudy F.C. Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
| | - David M. Feliciano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Center for Human Genetics, Clemson University, Greenwood, SC, USA
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36
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Yao N, Li Y, Han J, Wu S, Liu X, Wang Q, Li Z, Shi FD. Microglia-derived CCL20 deteriorates neurogenesis following intraventricular hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114561. [PMID: 37802382 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) commonly occurs as an extension of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) into the brain ventricular system, leading to worse outcomes without effective management. Using a mouse model of IVH, we found that impaired neurogenesis is evident in the subventricular zone (SVZ), along with persistent microglia activation, leukocyte infiltration and cell death. Pharmacological depletion of microglia using PLX3397, an inhibitor of colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), promotes neurogenesis, and alleviated delayed functional impairments in IVH mice. Meanwhile, an elevated level of microglia-derived CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) is observed in the SVZ following IVH, which can induce the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors in microglia and impair the proliferation and survival of neural stem cells (NSCs) in vitro. Blocking CCL20 in microglia leads to downregulation of protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which may contribute to CCL20-dependent pro-inflammatory responses and neural injury. These findings demonstrate a detrimental role of microglia in the neurogenesis and neurorepair after IVH in which CCL20 likely plays a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yao
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yulin Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinrui Han
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Siting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroimmunology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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37
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Gómez-Oliva R, Geribaldi-Doldán N, Domínguez-García S, Pardillo-Díaz R, Martínez-Ortega S, Oliva-Montero JM, Pérez-García P, García-Cózar FJ, Muñoz-Miranda JP, Sánchez-Gomar I, Nunez-Abades P, Castro C. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor to recruit newly generated neuroblasts in cortical brain injuries. J Transl Med 2023; 21:867. [PMID: 38037126 PMCID: PMC10687845 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04707-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurogenesis is stimulated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of mice with cortical brain injuries. In most of these injuries, newly generated neuroblasts attempt to migrate toward the injury, accumulating within the corpus callosum not reaching the perilesional area. METHODS We use a murine model of mechanical cortical brain injury, in which we perform unilateral cortical injuries in the primary motor cortex of adult male mice. We study neurogenesis in the SVZ and perilesional area at 7 and 14 dpi as well as the expression and concentration of the signaling molecule transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) and its receptor the epidermal growth factor (EGFR). We use the EGFR inhibitor Afatinib to promote neurogenesis in brain injuries. RESULTS We show that microglial cells that emerge within the injured area and the SVZ in response to the injury express high levels of TGF-α leading to elevated concentrations of TGF-α in the cerebrospinal fluid. Thus, the number of neuroblasts in the SVZ increases in response to the injury, a large number of these neuroblasts remain immature and proliferate expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the proliferation marker Ki67. Restraining TGF-α release with a classical protein kinase C inhibitor reduces the number of these proliferative EGFR+ immature neuroblasts in the SVZ. In accordance, the inhibition of the TGF-α receptor, EGFR promotes migration of neuroblasts toward the injury leading to an elevated number of neuroblasts within the perilesional area. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that in response to an injury, microglial cells activated within the injury and the SVZ release TGF-α, activating the EGFR present in the neuroblasts membrane inducing their proliferation, delaying maturation and negatively regulating migration. The inactivation of this signaling pathway stimulates neuroblast migration toward the injury and enhances the quantity of neuroblasts within the injured area. These results suggest that these proteins may be used as target molecules to regenerate brain injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Gómez-Oliva
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Noelia Geribaldi-Doldán
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Anatomía y Embriología Humanas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Samuel Domínguez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Biomedicum, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ricardo Pardillo-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Puerta del Mar, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Sergio Martínez-Ortega
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - José M Oliva-Montero
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Patricia Pérez-García
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-Cózar
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Área de Inmunología, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz-Miranda
- Servicios Centrales de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Ismael Sánchez-Gomar
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Pedro Nunez-Abades
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Castro
- Área de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain.
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Songsaad AT, Thairat S, Seemaung P, Thongsuk A, Balit T, Ruangsawasdi N, Phruksaniyom C, Gonmanee T, White KL, Thonabulsombat C. Characterization of neural stem cells derived from human stem cells from the apical papilla undergoing three-dimensional neurosphere induction. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230209. [PMID: 37970885 PMCID: PMC10697670 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The endogenous repairing based on the activation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is impaired by neurodegenerative diseases. The present study aims to characterize human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs) with features of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and to demonstrate the neuronal differentiation of hSCAPs into NSCs through the formation of three-dimensional (3D) neurospheres, verifying the structural, immunophenotyping, self-renewal, gene expression and neuronal activities of these cells to help further improve NSCs transplantation. METHODOLOGY The hSCAPs were isolated from healthy impacted human third molar teeth and characterized as MSCs. They were then induced into 3D-neurospheres using a specific neural induction medium. Subsequently, the intra-neurospheral cells were confirmed to be NSCs by the identification of Nissl substance and the analysis of immunofluorescence staining, self-renewal ability, and gene expression of the cells. Moreover, the neuronal activity was investigated using intracellular calcium oscillation. RESULTS The isolated cells from the human apical papilla expressed many markers of MSCs, such as self-renewal ability and multilineage differentiation. These cells were thus characterized as MSCs, specifically as hSCAPs. The neurospheres induced from hSCAPs exhibited a 3D-floating spheroidal shape and larger neurospheres, and consisted of a heterogeneous population of intra-neurospheral cells. Further investigation showed that these intra-neurospheral cells had Nissl body staining and also expressed both Nestin and SOX2. They presented a self-renewal ability as well, which was observed after their disaggregation. Their gene expression profiling also exhibited a significant amount of NSC markers (NES, SOX1, and PAX6). Lastly, a large and dynamic change of the fluorescent signal that indicated calcium ions (Ca2+) was detected in the intracellular calcium oscillation, which indicated the neuronal activity of NSCs-derived hSCAPs. CONCLUSIONS The hSCAPs exhibited properties of MSCs and could differentiate into NSCs under 3D-neurosphere generation. The present findings suggest that NSCs-derived hSCAPs may be used as an alternative candidates for cell-based therapy, which uses stem cell transplantation to further treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarut Thairat
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral Tissues, Cells and Molecular Biology Analysis and Research Center, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peeratchai Seemaung
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Department of Anatomy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Amarin Thongsuk
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Department of Anatomy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tatcha Balit
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Science, Department of Anatomy, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nisarat Ruangsawasdi
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Thanasup Gonmanee
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Kenneth L White
- Utah State University, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, Utah, The United States of America
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Ghuman H, Kim K, Barati S, Ganguly K. Emergence of task-related spatiotemporal population dynamics in transplanted neurons. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7320. [PMID: 37951968 PMCID: PMC10640594 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43081-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of nervous system tissue after severe brain injury is a main determinant of poor functional recovery. Cell transplantation is a promising method to restore lost tissue and function, yet it remains unclear if transplanted neurons can demonstrate the population level dynamics important for movement control. Here we present a comprehensive approach for long-term single neuron monitoring and manipulation of transplanted embryonic cortical neurons after cortical injury in adult male mice performing a prehension task. The observed patterns of population activity in the transplanted network strongly resembled that of healthy networks. Specifically, the task-related spatiotemporal activity patterns of transplanted neurons could be represented by latent factors that evolve within a low dimensional manifold. We also demonstrate reliable modulation of the transplanted networks using minimally invasive epidural stimulation. Our approach may allow greater insight into how restoration of cell-type specific network dynamics in vivo can restore motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harman Ghuman
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kyungsoo Kim
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sapeeda Barati
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karunesh Ganguly
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neurology Service, San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Alpirez J, Leon-Moreno LC, Aguilar-García IG, Castañeda-Arellano R, Dueñas-Jiménez JM, Asencio-Piña CR, Dueñas-Jiménez SH. Walk Locomotion Kinematic Changes in a Model of Penetrating Hippocampal Injury in Male/Female Mice and Rats. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1545. [PMID: 38002505 PMCID: PMC10669690 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13111545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury has been the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in human beings. One of the most susceptible structures to this damage is the hippocampus due to cellular and synaptic loss and impaired hippocampal connectivity to the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. Thus, hippocampal damage in rodents using a stereotaxic device could be an adequate method to study a precise lesion from CA1 to the dentate gyrus structures. We studied male and female rats and mice, analyzing hindlimb locomotion kinematics changes to compare the locomotion kinematics using the same methodology in rodents. We measure (1) the vertical hindlimb metatarsus, ankle, and knee joint vertical displacements (VD) and (2) the factor of dissimilarity (DF). The VD in intact rats in metatarsus, ankle, and knee joints differs from that in intact mice in similar joints. In rats, the vertical displacement through the step cycle changed in the left and right metatarsus, ankle, and knee joints compared to the intact group versus the lesioned group. More subtle changes were also observed in mice. DF demonstrates contrasting results when studying locomotion kinematics of mice or rats and sex-dependent differences. Thus, a precise lesion in a rodent's hippocampal structure discloses some hindlimb locomotion changes related to species and sex. Thus, we only have a qualitative comparison between murine species. In order to make a comparison with other species, we should standardize the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Alpirez
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.A.); (L.C.L.-M.); (I.G.A.-G.)
| | - Lilia Carolina Leon-Moreno
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.A.); (L.C.L.-M.); (I.G.A.-G.)
| | - Irene Guadalupe Aguilar-García
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.A.); (L.C.L.-M.); (I.G.A.-G.)
| | - Rolando Castañeda-Arellano
- Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico;
| | - Judith Marcela Dueñas-Jiménez
- Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico;
| | - Cesar Rodolfo Asencio-Piña
- Departamento de Electronica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Horacio Dueñas-Jiménez
- Departamento de Neurociencias, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico; (J.A.); (L.C.L.-M.); (I.G.A.-G.)
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Hill NM, Malone LA, Sun LR. Stroke in the Developing Brain: Neurophysiologic Implications of Stroke Timing, Location, and Comorbid Factors. Pediatr Neurol 2023; 148:37-43. [PMID: 37651976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric stroke, which is unique in that it represents a static insult to a developing brain, often leads to long-term neurological disability. Neuroplasticity in infants and children influences neurophysiologic recovery patterns after stroke; therefore outcomes depend on several factors including the timing and location of stroke and the presence of comorbid conditions. METHODS In this review, we discuss the unique implications of stroke occurring in the fetal, perinatal, and childhood/adolescent time periods. First, we highlight the impact of the developmental stage of the brain at the time of insult on the motor, sensory, cognitive, speech, and behavioral domains. Next, we consider the influence of location of stroke on the presence and severity of motor and nonmotor outcomes. Finally, we discuss the impact of associated conditions on long-term outcomes and risk for stroke recurrence. RESULTS Hemiparesis is common after stroke at any age, although the severity of impairment differs by age group. Risk of epilepsy is elevated in all age groups compared with those without stroke. Outcomes in other domains vary by age, although several studies suggest worse cognitive outcomes when stroke occurs in early childhood compared with fetal and later childhood epochs. Conditions such as congenital heart disease, sickle cell disease, and moyamoya increase the risk of stroke and leave patients differentially vulnerable to neurodevelopmental delay, stroke recurrence, silent infarcts, and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS A comprehensive understanding of the interplay of various factors is essential in guiding the clinical care of patients with pediatric stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayo M Hill
- Center for Movement Studies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Laura A Malone
- Center for Movement Studies, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lisa R Sun
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Sun S, Xu Y, Yu N, Zhang M, Wang J, Wan D, Tian Z, Zhu H. Catalpol Alleviates Ischemic Stroke Through Promoting Angiogenesis and Facilitating Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via the VEGF-A/KDR Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6227-6247. [PMID: 37439957 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is one of the leading causes of disability and death globally with a lack of effective therapeutic strategies. Catalpol is a bioactive compound derived from the traditional Chinese medicine Rehmannia glutinosa and it has been shown to be protective against various neurological diseases. The potential roles of catalpol against ischemic stroke are still not completely clear. In this study, we examined the effect and mechanism of catalpol against ischemic stroke using in vivo rat distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (dMCAO) and in vitro oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) models. We demonstrated that catalpol indeed attenuated the neurological deficits caused by dMCAO and improved neurological function. Catalpol remarkably promoted angiogenesis, promoted proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ), and prevented neuronal loss and astrocyte activation in the ischemic cortex or hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) in vivo. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (KDR, VEGFR-2) inhibitor SU5416 and VEGF-A shRNA were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that SU5416 administration or VEGF-A-shRNA transfection both attenuated the effects of catalpol. We also found that catalpol promoted the proliferation of cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs subjected to OGD insult in vitro. Interestingly, the impact of catalpol on cultured cells was also inhibited by SU5416. Moreover, catalpol was shown to protect NSCs against OGD indirectly by promoting BMEC proliferation in the co-cultured system. Taken together, catalpol showed therapeutic potential in cerebral ischemia by promoting angiogenesis and NSC proliferation and differentiation. The protective effects of catalpol were mediated through VEGF-A/KDR pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yitong Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Ningxi Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Meifeng Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Huifeng Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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43
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Pranoto IKA, Lee J, Kwon YV. The roles of the native cell differentiation program aberrantly recapitulated in Drosophila intestinal tumors. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113245. [PMID: 37837622 PMCID: PMC10872463 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Many tumors recapitulate the developmental and differentiation program of their tissue of origin, a basis for tumor cell heterogeneity. Although stem-cell-like tumor cells are well studied, the roles of tumor cells undergoing differentiation remain to be elucidated. We employ Drosophila genetics to demonstrate that the differentiation program of intestinal stem cells is crucial for enabling intestinal tumors to invade and induce non-tumor-autonomous phenotypes. The differentiation program that generates absorptive cells is aberrantly recapitulated in the intestinal tumors generated by activation of the Yap1 ortholog Yorkie. Inhibiting it allows stem-cell-like tumor cells to grow but suppresses invasiveness and reshapes various phenotypes associated with cachexia-like wasting by altering the expression of tumor-derived factors. Our study provides insight into how a native differentiation program determines a tumor's capacity to induce advanced cancer phenotypes and suggests that manipulating the differentiation programs co-opted in tumors might alleviate complications of cancer, including cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Young V Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Irie T, Matsuda T, Hayashi Y, Matsuda-Ito K, Kamiya A, Masuda T, Prinz M, Isobe N, Kira JI, Nakashima K. Direct neuronal conversion of microglia/macrophages reinstates neurological function after stroke. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307972120. [PMID: 37812721 PMCID: PMC10589698 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307972120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although generating new neurons in the ischemic injured brain would be an ideal approach to replenish the lost neurons for repairing the damage, the adult mammalian brain retains only limited neurogenic capability. Here, we show that direct conversion of microglia/macrophages into neurons in the brain has great potential as a therapeutic strategy for ischemic brain injury. After transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult mice, microglia/macrophages converge at the lesion core of the striatum, where neuronal loss is prominent. Targeted expression of a neurogenic transcription factor, NeuroD1, in microglia/macrophages in the injured striatum enables their conversion into induced neuronal cells that functionally integrate into the existing neuronal circuits. Furthermore, NeuroD1-mediated induced neuronal cell generation significantly improves neurological function in the mouse stroke model, and ablation of these cells abolishes the gained functional recovery. Our findings thus demonstrate that neuronal conversion contributes directly to functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Irie
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taito Matsuda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hayashi
- Department of Physiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry, 101-8310Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kanae Matsuda-Ito
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihide Kamiya
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, 259-1193Isehara, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, 108-8639Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Masuda
- Division of Molecular Neuroinflammation, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Marco Prinz
- Institute of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, D-79106Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres Centre for Biological Signalling Studies and Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, D-79106Freiburg, Germany
| | - Noriko Isobe
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Kira
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
- Translational Neuroscience Center, Graduate School of Medicine, and School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 831-8501Okawa, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Brain and Nerve Center, Fukuoka Central Hospital, International University of Health and Welfare, 810-0022Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kinichi Nakashima
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 812-8582Fukuoka, Japan
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Williamson MR, Le SP, Franzen RL, Donlan NA, Rosow JL, Nicot-Cartsonis MS, Cervantes A, Deneen B, Dunn AK, Jones TA, Drew MR. Subventricular zone cytogenesis provides trophic support for neural repair in a mouse model of stroke. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6341. [PMID: 37816732 PMCID: PMC10564905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42138-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stroke enhances proliferation of neural precursor cells within the subventricular zone (SVZ) and induces ectopic migration of newborn cells towards the site of injury. Here, we characterize the identity of cells arising from the SVZ after stroke and uncover a mechanism through which they facilitate neural repair and functional recovery. With genetic lineage tracing, we show that SVZ-derived cells that migrate towards cortical photothrombotic stroke in mice are predominantly undifferentiated precursors. We find that ablation of neural precursor cells or conditional knockout of VEGF impairs neuronal and vascular reparative responses and worsens recovery. Replacement of VEGF is sufficient to induce neural repair and recovery. We also provide evidence that CXCL12 from peri-infarct vasculature signals to CXCR4-expressing cells arising from the SVZ to direct their ectopic migration. These results support a model in which vasculature surrounding the site of injury attracts cells from the SVZ, and these cells subsequently provide trophic support that drives neural repair and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Williamson
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Stephanie P Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ronald L Franzen
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole A Donlan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jill L Rosow
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Alexis Cervantes
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin Deneen
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Cancer Neuroscience and Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Theresa A Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael R Drew
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Gatto A, Capossela L, Conti G, Eftimiadi G, Ferretti S, Manni L, Curatola A, Graglia B, Di Sarno L, Calcagni ML, Di Giuda D, Cecere S, Romeo DM, Soligo M, Picconi E, Piastra M, Della Marca G, Staccioli S, Ruggiero A, Cocciolillo F, Pulitanò S, Chiaretti A. Intranasal human-recombinant NGF administration improves outcome in children with post-traumatic unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. Biol Direct 2023; 18:61. [PMID: 37789391 PMCID: PMC10546699 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most dramatic events in pediatric age and, despite advanced neuro-intensive care, the survival rate of these patients remains low. Children suffering from severe TBI show long-term sequelae, more pronounced in behavioral, neurological and neuropsychological functions leading to, in the most severe cases, an unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS). Currently, no effective treatments can restore neuronal loss or produce significant improvement in these patients. In experimental animal models, human- recombinant Nerve Growth Factor (hr-NGF) promotes neural recovery supporting neuronal growth, differentiation and survival of brain cells and up-regulating the neurogenesis-associated processes. Only a few studies reported the efficacy of intranasal hr-NGF administration in children with post- traumatic UWS. METHODS Children with the diagnosis of post-traumatic UWS were enrolled. These patients underwent a treatment with intranasal hr-NGF administration, at a total dose of 50 gamma/kg, three times a day for 7 consecutive days. The treatment schedule was performed for 4 cycles, at one month distance each. Neuroradiogical evaluation by Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET), Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT), Electroencephalography (EEG), and Power Spectral Density (PSD) was determined before the treatment and one month after the end. Neurological assessment was also deepened by using modified Ashworth Scale, Gross Motor Function Measure, and Disability Rating Scale. RESULTS Three children with post-traumatic UWS were treated. hr-NGF administration improved functional (PET and SPECT) and electrophysiological (EEG and PSD) assessment. Also clinical conditions improved, mainly for the reduction of spasticity and with the acquisition of voluntary movements, facial mimicry, attention and verbal comprehension, ability to cry, cough reflex, oral motility, and feeding capacity, with a significant improvement of their neurological scores. No side effects were reported. CONCLUSION These promising results and the ease of administration of this treatment make it worthwhile to be investigated further, mainly in the early stages from severe TBI and in patients with better baseline neurological conditions, to explore more thoroughly the benefits of this new approach on neuronal function recovery after traumatic brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Gatto
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lavinia Capossela
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Conti
- Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Eftimiadi
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Serena Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Manni
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Antonietta Curatola
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Benedetta Graglia
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Sarno
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Lucia Calcagni
- UOC di Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Di Giuda
- UOC di Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Cecere
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Marco Romeo
- Unità di Neurologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Soligo
- Istituto di Farmacologia Traslazionale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Picconi
- Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Piastra
- Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Della Marca
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, Neurologiche, Ortopediche e della Testa-Collo, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Susanna Staccioli
- Dipartimento di Neuroriabilitazione Intensiva, Ospedale Pediatrico "Bambino Gesù", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Ruggiero
- Oncologia Pediatrica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCS - Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna, del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Cocciolillo
- UOC di Medicina Nucleare, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS - Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Pulitanò
- Terapia Intensiva Pediatrica, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Emergenza, Anestesiologiche e Rianimazione, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Chiaretti
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Women's Health Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli - IRCCS, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Torres-López C, Cuartero MI, García-Culebras A, de la Parra J, Fernández-Valle ME, Benito M, Vázquez-Reyes S, Jareño-Flores T, de Castro-Millán FJ, Hurtado O, Buckwalter MS, García-Segura JM, Lizasoain I, Moro MA. Ipsilesional Hippocampal GABA Is Elevated and Correlates With Cognitive Impairment and Maladaptive Neurogenesis After Cortical Stroke in Mice. Stroke 2023; 54:2652-2665. [PMID: 37694402 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.043516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent stroke sequela, but its pathogenesis and treatment remain unresolved. Involvement of aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and maladaptive circuitry remodeling has been proposed, but their mechanisms are unknown. Our aim was to evaluate potential underlying molecular/cellular events implicated. METHODS Stroke was induced by permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery occlusion in 2-month-old C57BL/6 male mice. Hippocampal metabolites/neurotransmitters were analyzed longitudinally by in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Cognitive function was evaluated with the contextual fear conditioning test. Microglia, astrocytes, neuroblasts, interneurons, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and c-fos were analyzed by immunofluorescence. RESULTS Approximately 50% of mice exhibited progressive post-middle cerebral artery occlusion cognitive impairment. Notably, immature hippocampal neurons in the impaired group displayed more severe aberrant phenotypes than those from the nonimpaired group. Using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, significant bilateral changes in hippocampal metabolites, such as myo-inositol or N-acetylaspartic acid, were found that correlated, respectively, with numbers of glia and immature neuroblasts in the ischemic group. Importantly, some metabolites were specifically altered in the ipsilateral hippocampus suggesting its involvement in aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis and remodeling processes. Specifically, middle cerebral artery occlusion animals with higher hippocampal GABA levels displayed worse cognitive outcome. Implication of GABA in this setting was supported by the amelioration of ischemia-induced memory deficits and aberrant hippocampal neurogenesis after blocking pharmacologically GABAergic neurotransmission, an intervention which was ineffective when neurogenesis was inhibited. These data suggest that GABA exerts its detrimental effect, at least partly, by affecting morphology and integration of newborn neurons into the hippocampal circuits. CONCLUSIONS Hippocampal GABAergic neurotransmission could be considered a novel diagnostic and therapeutic target for poststroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Torres-López
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.M.G.-S., I.L.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., I.L., M.A.M.)
| | - Maria I Cuartero
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.M.G.-S., I.L.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., I.L., M.A.M.)
| | - Alicia García-Culebras
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.M.G.-S., I.L.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina (A.G.-C.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., I.L., M.A.M.)
| | - Juan de la Parra
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - María E Fernández-Valle
- Infraestructura Científica y Técnica Singular (ICTS) Centro de Bioimagen Complutense (M.E.F.-V., J.M.G.-S.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Marina Benito
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos de Toledo, Spain (M.B.)
| | - Sandra Vázquez-Reyes
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Tania Jareño-Flores
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Francisco J de Castro-Millán
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Olivia Hurtado
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA (M.S.B.)
| | - Juan M García-Segura
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.M.G.-S., I.L.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Infraestructura Científica y Técnica Singular (ICTS) Centro de Bioimagen Complutense (M.E.F.-V., J.M.G.-S.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular (J.M.G.-S.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
| | - Ignacio Lizasoain
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Neuroquímica (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.M.G.-S., I.L.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., I.L., M.A.M.)
| | - María A Moro
- Neurovascular Pathophysiology, Cardiovascular Risk Factor and Brain Function Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., O.H., M.A.M.)
- Unidad de Investigación Neurovascular, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., J.d.l.P., S.V.-R., T.J.-F., F.J.d.C.-M., I.L., M.A.M.), Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain (C.T.-L., M.I.C., A.G.-C., I.L., M.A.M.)
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48
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Tian J, Zhu J, Fan Q, Luo X, Nie Q, Yu J, Wu X, Tang Y, Liu T, Yin H. Interleukin-33 improves the neurogenesis of neural stem cells in perinatal brain after hypoxia-ischemia. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110778. [PMID: 37573691 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) insult is an important cause of neonatal encephalopathy, and the effective therapeutic approaches are currently limited. Interleukin (IL)-33 acts as a member of the IL-1 superfamily and has been shown to be neuroprotective following experimental neonatal HI and adult stroke. Here, we explore the effect of IL-33 and its specific receptor ST2 axis on endogenous neurogenesis in neonatal brain after HI. ST2 was found on the surface of NSCs, and the expression of ST2 was further enhanced after HI challenge. Delivery of IL-33 obviously repopulated the size of NSC pool, whereas ST2 deficiency worsened the neurogenesis of NSCs in neonatal brain post HI insult. Further in vivo and in vitro studies showed IL-33 regulates the survival, proliferation and differentiation of NSCs through ST2 signaling pathways. Intriguingly, IL-33 facilitated translocation of Nrf2 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, which is involved in neural differentiation of NSCs. These data demonstrate a critical role of IL-33/ST2 axis in regulation of endogenous neurogenesis of NSCs via activation of the Nrf2 signaling, which provide a new insight into the effect of IL-33 in neonatal brain following HI injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jieqiong Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qiuxiang Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaotian Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qianying Nie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyong Wu
- School of Food Science, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528453, China
| | - Yanli Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Longgang District Maternity & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hui Yin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Bioactive Substances, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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49
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Marquez-Ortiz RA, Tesic V, Hernandez DR, Akhter B, Aich N, Boudreaux PM, Clemons GA, Wu CYC, Lin HW, Rodgers KM. Neuroimmune Support of Neuronal Regeneration and Neuroplasticity following Cerebral Ischemia in Juvenile Mice. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1337. [PMID: 37759938 PMCID: PMC10526826 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic damage to the brain and loss of neurons contribute to functional disabilities in many stroke survivors. Recovery of neuroplasticity is critical to restoration of function and improved quality of life. Stroke and neurological deficits occur in both adults and children, and yet it is well documented that the developing brain has remarkable plasticity which promotes increased post-ischemic functional recovery compared with adults. However, the mechanisms underlying post-stroke recovery in the young brain have not been fully explored. We observed opposing responses to experimental cerebral ischemia in juvenile and adult mice, with substantial neural regeneration and enhanced neuroplasticity detected in the juvenile brain that was not found in adults. We demonstrate strikingly different stroke-induced neuroimmune responses that are deleterious in adults and protective in juveniles, supporting neural regeneration and plasticity. Understanding age-related differences in neuronal repair and regeneration, restoration of neural network function, and neuroimmune signaling in the stroke-injured brain may offer new insights for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for stroke rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricaurte A. Marquez-Ortiz
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Vesna Tesic
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| | - Daniel R. Hernandez
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Bilkis Akhter
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Nibedita Aich
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Porter M. Boudreaux
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Garrett A. Clemons
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
| | - Celeste Yin-Chieh Wu
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| | - Hung Wen Lin
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Neuroscience, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
| | - Krista M. Rodgers
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA (B.A.)
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University, Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 70803, USA
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50
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Zeng CW, Tsai HJ. The Promising Role of a Zebrafish Model Employed in Neural Regeneration Following a Spinal Cord Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13938. [PMID: 37762240 PMCID: PMC10530783 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241813938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating event that results in a wide range of physical impairments and disabilities. Despite the advances in our understanding of the biological response to injured tissue, no effective treatments are available for SCIs at present. Some studies have addressed this issue by exploring the potential of cell transplantation therapy. However, because of the abnormal microenvironment in injured tissue, the survival rate of transplanted cells is often low, thus limiting the efficacy of such treatments. Many studies have attempted to overcome these obstacles using a variety of cell types and animal models. Recent studies have shown the utility of zebrafish as a model of neural regeneration following SCIs, including the proliferation and migration of various cell types and the involvement of various progenitor cells. In this review, we discuss some of the current challenges in SCI research, including the accurate identification of cell types involved in neural regeneration, the adverse microenvironment created by SCIs, attenuated immune responses that inhibit nerve regeneration, and glial scar formation that prevents axonal regeneration. More in-depth studies are needed to fully understand the neural regeneration mechanisms, proteins, and signaling pathways involved in the complex interactions between the SCI microenvironment and transplanted cells in non-mammals, particularly in the zebrafish model, which could, in turn, lead to new therapeutic approaches to treat SCIs in humans and other mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Huai-Jen Tsai
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
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