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Xia F, Rimoli CV, Akemann W, Ventalon C, Bourdieu L, Gigan S, de Aguiar HB. Neurophotonics beyond the surface: unmasking the brain's complexity exploiting optical scattering. NEUROPHOTONICS 2024; 11:S11510. [PMID: 38617592 PMCID: PMC11014413 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.11.s1.s11510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
The intricate nature of the brain necessitates the application of advanced probing techniques to comprehensively study and understand its working mechanisms. Neurophotonics offers minimally invasive methods to probe the brain using optics at cellular and even molecular levels. However, multiple challenges persist, especially concerning imaging depth, field of view, speed, and biocompatibility. A major hindrance to solving these challenges in optics is the scattering nature of the brain. This perspective highlights the potential of complex media optics, a specialized area of study focused on light propagation in materials with intricate heterogeneous optical properties, in advancing and improving neuronal readouts for structural imaging and optical recordings of neuronal activity. Key strategies include wavefront shaping techniques and computational imaging and sensing techniques that exploit scattering properties for enhanced performance. We discuss the potential merger of the two fields as well as potential challenges and perspectives toward longer term in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xia
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Caio Vaz Rimoli
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Walther Akemann
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Cathie Ventalon
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Bourdieu
- Université PSL, Institut de Biologie de l’ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Hilton B. de Aguiar
- Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Paris, France
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2
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Komar K. Two-photon vision - Seeing colors in infrared. Vision Res 2024; 220:108404. [PMID: 38608547 DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2024.108404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
This review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon called two-photon vision. It involves the visual perception of pulsed infrared beams in the range of 850-1200 nm as having colors corresponding to one-half of the IR wavelengths. It is caused by two-photon absorption (TPA), which occurs when the visual photopigment interacts simultaneously with two infrared photons. The physical mechanism of TPA is described, and implications about the efficiency of the process are considered. The spectral range of two-photon vision is defined, along with a detailed discussion of the known differences in color perception between normal and two-photon vision. The quadratic dependence of the luminance of two-photon stimuli on the power of the stimulating beam is also explained. Examples of recording two-photon vision in the retinas of mice and monkeys are provided from the literature. Finally, applications of two-photon vision are discussed, particularly two-photon microperimetry, which has been under development for several years; and the potential advantages of two-photon retinal displays are explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Komar
- International Centre for Translational Eye Research, Skierniewicka 10a, 01-230 Warsaw, Poland; Department of Physical Chemistry of Biological Systems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland.
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3
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Guo R, Yang Q, Chang AS, Hu G, Greene J, Gabel CV, You S, Tian L. EventLFM: event camera integrated Fourier light field microscopy for ultrafast 3D imaging. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:144. [PMID: 38918363 PMCID: PMC11199625 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01502-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Ultrafast 3D imaging is indispensable for visualizing complex and dynamic biological processes. Conventional scanning-based techniques necessitate an inherent trade-off between acquisition speed and space-bandwidth product (SBP). Emerging single-shot 3D wide-field techniques offer a promising alternative but are bottlenecked by the synchronous readout constraints of conventional CMOS systems, thus restricting data throughput to maintain high SBP at limited frame rates. To address this, we introduce EventLFM, a straightforward and cost-effective system that overcomes these challenges by integrating an event camera with Fourier light field microscopy (LFM), a state-of-the-art single-shot 3D wide-field imaging technique. The event camera operates on a novel asynchronous readout architecture, thereby bypassing the frame rate limitations inherent to conventional CMOS systems. We further develop a simple and robust event-driven LFM reconstruction algorithm that can reliably reconstruct 3D dynamics from the unique spatiotemporal measurements captured by EventLFM. Experimental results demonstrate that EventLFM can robustly reconstruct fast-moving and rapidly blinking 3D fluorescent samples at kHz frame rates. Furthermore, we highlight EventLFM's capability for imaging of blinking neuronal signals in scattering mouse brain tissues and 3D tracking of GFP-labeled neurons in freely moving C. elegans. We believe that the combined ultrafast speed and large 3D SBP offered by EventLFM may open up new possibilities across many biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruipeng Guo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Qianwan Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Andrew S Chang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Guorong Hu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Joseph Greene
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Christopher V Gabel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sixian You
- Research Laboratory of Electronics (RLE) in the Department of Electrical Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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4
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Liu R, Qian Y. Near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers for two-photon excited singlet oxygen generation and tumor cell photodynamic therapy. Org Biomol Chem 2024. [PMID: 38887040 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00706a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, two near-infrared BODIPY photosensitizers, Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI, were obtained by modifying the indole and carbazole aromatic heterocycles in the core of BODIPY. The maximum absorption wavelengths of Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI were 694 nm and 722 nm, and their singlet oxygen yields were 48% and 48.4%, respectively. In the simulated tumor cell photodynamic therapy, Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI could effectively inhibit the growth of A549 tumor cells under near-infrared light. Meanwhile, the lysosomal co-localization coefficients of Id-BDPI and Cz-BDPI with A549 tumor cells were 0.94 and 0.89, respectively, showing high lysosomal targeting ability and biocompatibility. The two-photon absorption cross sections measured at 1050 nm by the Z-scanning method were 661.8 GM and 715.6 GM, respectively, and Cz-BDPI was further successfully applied to two-photon fluorescence imaging and two-photon excited singlet oxygen generation in zebrafish. The above results indicate that the introduction of aromatic heterocycles can effectively enhance the photodynamic efficacy of BODIPY photosensitizers, and the larger two-photon absorption cross section also brings potential for two-photon photodynamic therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibo Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Ying Qian
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
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5
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Katoh TA, Fukai YT, Ishibashi T. Optical microscopic imaging, manipulation, and analysis methods for morphogenesis research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2024; 73:226-242. [PMID: 38102756 PMCID: PMC11154147 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogenesis is a developmental process of organisms being shaped through complex and cooperative cellular movements. To understand the interplay between genetic programs and the resulting multicellular morphogenesis, it is essential to characterize the morphologies and dynamics at the single-cell level and to understand how physical forces serve as both signaling components and driving forces of tissue deformations. In recent years, advances in microscopy techniques have led to improvements in imaging speed, resolution and depth. Concurrently, the development of various software packages has supported large-scale, analyses of challenging images at the single-cell resolution. While these tools have enhanced our ability to examine dynamics of cells and mechanical processes during morphogenesis, their effective integration requires specialized expertise. With this background, this review provides a practical overview of those techniques. First, we introduce microscopic techniques for multicellular imaging and image analysis software tools with a focus on cell segmentation and tracking. Second, we provide an overview of cutting-edge techniques for mechanical manipulation of cells and tissues. Finally, we introduce recent findings on morphogenetic mechanisms and mechanosensations that have been achieved by effectively combining microscopy, image analysis tools and mechanical manipulation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanobu A Katoh
- Department of Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yohsuke T Fukai
- Nonequilibrium Physics of Living Matter RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoki Ishibashi
- Laboratory for Physical Biology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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6
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Cosco ED, Bogyo M. Recent advances in ratiometric fluorescence imaging of enzyme activity in vivo. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2024; 80:102441. [PMID: 38457961 PMCID: PMC11164639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.102441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Among molecular imaging modalities that can monitor enzyme activity in vivo, optical imaging provides sensitive, molecular-level information at low-cost using safe and non-ionizing wavelengths of light. Yet, obtaining quantifiable optical signals in vivo poses significant challenges. Benchmarking using ratiometric signals can overcome dependence on dosing, illumination variability, and pharmacokinetics to provide quantitative in vivo optical data. This review highlights recent advances using fluorescent probes that are processed by enzymes to induce photophysical changes that can be monitored by ratiometric imaging. These diverse strategies include caged fluorophores that change photophysical properties upon enzymatic cleavage, as well as multi-fluorophore systems that are triggered by enzymatic cleavage to alter optical outputs in one or more fluorescent channels. The strategies discussed here have great potential for further development as well as potential broad applications for targeting diverse enzymes important for a wide range of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D Cosco
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Bogyo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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7
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Sarafraz H, Nöbauer T, Kim H, Soldevila F, Gigan S, Vaziri A. Speckle-enabled in vivo demixing of neural activity in the mouse brain. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3586-3608. [PMID: 38867774 PMCID: PMC11166431 DOI: 10.1364/boe.524521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Functional imaging of neuronal activity in awake animals, using a combination of fluorescent reporters of neuronal activity and various types of microscopy modalities, has become an indispensable tool in neuroscience. While various imaging modalities based on one-photon (1P) excitation and parallel (camera-based) acquisition have been successfully used for imaging more transparent samples, when imaging mammalian brain tissue, due to their scattering properties, two-photon (2P) microscopy systems are necessary. In 2P microscopy, the longer excitation wavelengths reduce the amount of scattering while the diffraction-limited 3D localization of excitation largely eliminates out-of-focus fluorescence. However, this comes at the cost of time-consuming serial scanning of the excitation spot and more complex and expensive instrumentation. Thus, functional 1P imaging modalities that can be used beyond the most transparent specimen are highly desirable. Here, we transform light scattering from an obstacle into a tool. We use speckles with their unique patterns and contrast, formed when fluorescence from individual neurons propagates through rodent cortical tissue, to encode neuronal activity. Spatiotemporal demixing of these patterns then enables functional recording of neuronal activity from a group of discriminable sources. For the first time, we provide an experimental, in vivo characterization of speckle generation, speckle imaging and speckle-assisted demixing of neuronal activity signals in the scattering mammalian brain tissue. We found that despite an initial fast speckle decorrelation, substantial correlation was maintained over minute-long timescales that contributed to our ability to demix temporal activity traces in the mouse brain in vivo. Informed by in vivo quantifications of speckle patterns from single and multiple neurons excited using 2P scanning excitation, we recorded and demixed activity from several sources excited using 1P oblique illumination. In our proof-of-principle experiments, we demonstrate in vivo speckle-assisted demixing of functional signals from groups of sources in a depth range of 220-320 µm in mouse cortex, limited by available speckle contrast. Our results serve as a basis for designing an in vivo functional speckle imaging modality and for maximizing the key resource in any such modality, the speckle contrast. We anticipate that our results will provide critical quantitative guidance to the community for designing techniques that overcome light scattering as a fundamental limitation in bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Sarafraz
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tobias Nöbauer
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyewon Kim
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fernando Soldevila
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS–Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, College de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS–Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, College de France, 24 Rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Alipasha Vaziri
- Laboratory of Neurotechnology and Biophysics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- The Kavli Neural Systems Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Sun T, Zhao H, Hu L, Shao X, Lu Z, Wang Y, Ling P, Li Y, Zeng K, Chen Q. Enhanced optical imaging and fluorescent labeling for visualizing drug molecules within living organisms. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:2428-2446. [PMID: 38828150 PMCID: PMC11143489 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The visualization of drugs in living systems has become key techniques in modern therapeutics. Recent advancements in optical imaging technologies and molecular design strategies have revolutionized drug visualization. At the subcellular level, super-resolution microscopy has allowed exploration of the molecular landscape within individual cells and the cellular response to drugs. Moving beyond subcellular imaging, researchers have integrated multiple modes, like optical near-infrared II imaging, to study the complex spatiotemporal interactions between drugs and their surroundings. By combining these visualization approaches, researchers gain supplementary information on physiological parameters, metabolic activity, and tissue composition, leading to a comprehensive understanding of drug behavior. This review focuses on cutting-edge technologies in drug visualization, particularly fluorescence imaging, and the main types of fluorescent molecules used. Additionally, we discuss current challenges and prospects in targeted drug research, emphasizing the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation in advancing drug visualization. With the integration of advanced imaging technology and molecular design, drug visualization has the potential to redefine our understanding of pharmacology, enabling the analysis of drug micro-dynamics in subcellular environments from new perspectives and deepening pharmacological research to the levels of the cell and organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Huanxin Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Luyao Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xintian Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
- School of Life Sciences, Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
| | - Yuli Wang
- Tianjin Pharmaceutical DA REN TANG Group Corporation Limited Traditional Chinese Pharmacy Research Institute, Tianjin 300457, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education), School of Chemistry Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Postdoctoral Scientific Research Workstation, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Science, Jinan 250098, China
| | - Yubo Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Kewu Zeng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery System, Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan 250062, China
- Departments of Diagnostic Radiology, Surgery, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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9
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He B, Wang W, Wen J, Zhang R, Lin W, Guo Y, Xu Y, Huser T, Wei X, Yang Z. Behavioral dynamics of neuroprotective macrophage polarization in neuropathic pain observed by GHz femtosecond laser two-photon excitation microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202400026. [PMID: 38453163 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202400026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization in neurotoxic (M1) or neuroprotective (M2) phenotypes is known to play a significant role in neuropathic pain, but its behavioral dynamics and underlying mechanism remain largely unknown. Two-photon excitation microscopy (2PEM) is a promising functional imaging tool for investigating the mechanism of cellular behavior, as using near-infrared excitation wavelengths is less subjected to light scattering. However, the higher-order photobleaching effect in 2PEM can seriously hamper its applications to long-term live-cell studies. Here, we demonstrate a GHz femtosecond (fs) 2PEM that enables hours-long live-cell imaging of macrophage behavior with reduced higher-order photobleaching effect-by leveraging the repetition rate of fs pulses according to the fluorescence lifetime of fluorophores. Using this new functional 2PEM platform, we measure the polarization characteristics of macrophages, especially the long-term cellular behavior in efferocytosis, unveiling the dynamic mechanism of neuroprotective macrophage polarization in neuropathic pain. These efforts can create new opportunities for understanding long-term cellular dynamic behavior in neuropathic pain, as well as other neurobiological problems, and thus dissecting the underlying complex pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin He
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junpeng Wen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Runsen Zhang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Thomas Huser
- Biomolecular Photonics, Department of Physics, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Wei
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronics; State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices; Guangdong Engineering Technology Research and Development Center of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Laser Materials and Applied Techniques, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute of Future Technology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Yang J, Van Gasse K, Lukin DM, Guidry MA, Ahn GH, White AD, Vučković J. Titanium:sapphire-on-insulator integrated lasers and amplifiers. Nature 2024; 630:853-859. [PMID: 38926612 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Titanium:sapphire (Ti:sapphire) lasers have been essential for advancing fundamental research and technological applications, including the development of the optical frequency comb1, two-photon microscopy2 and experimental quantum optics3,4. Ti:sapphire lasers are unmatched in bandwidth and tuning range, yet their use is restricted because of their large size, cost and need for high optical pump powers5. Here we demonstrate a monocrystalline titanium:sapphire-on-insulator (Ti:SaOI) photonics platform that enables dramatic miniaturization, cost reduction and scalability of Ti:sapphire technology. First, through the fabrication of low-loss whispering-gallery-mode resonators, we realize a Ti:sapphire laser operating with an ultralow, sub-milliwatt lasing threshold. Then, through orders-of-magnitude improvement in mode confinement in Ti:SaOI waveguides, we realize an integrated solid-state (that is, non-semiconductor) optical amplifier operating below 1 μm. We demonstrate unprecedented distortion-free amplification of picosecond pulses to peak powers reaching 1.0 kW. Finally, we demonstrate a tunable integrated Ti:sapphire laser, which can be pumped with low-cost, miniature, off-the-shelf green laser diodes. This opens the doors to new modalities of Ti:sapphire lasers, such as massively scalable Ti:sapphire laser-array systems for several applications. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we use a Ti:SaOI laser array as the sole optical control for a cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment with artificial atoms in silicon carbide6. This work is a key step towards the democratization of Ti:sapphire technology through a three-orders-of-magnitude reduction in cost and footprint and introduces solid-state broadband amplification of sub-micron wavelength light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Yang
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kasper Van Gasse
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Photonics Research Group, Ghent University-imec, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniil M Lukin
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Melissa A Guidry
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geun Ho Ahn
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Jelena Vučković
- E. L. Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Jiao Z, Pan M, Yousaf K, Doveiko D, Maclean M, Griffin D, Chen Y, Li DDU. Smartphone-based optical sectioning (SOS) microscopy with a telecentric design for fluorescence imaging. J Microsc 2024. [PMID: 38808665 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
We propose a smartphone-based optical sectioning (SOS) microscope based on the HiLo technique, with a single smartphone replacing a high-cost illumination source and a camera sensor. We built our SOS with off-the-shelf optical, mechanical cage systems with 3D-printed adapters to seamlessly integrate the smartphone with the SOS main body. The liquid light guide can be integrated with the adapter, guiding the smartphone's LED light to the digital mirror device (DMD) with neglectable loss. We used an electrically tuneable lens (ETL) instead of a mechanical translation stage to realise low-cost axial scanning. The ETL was conjugated to the objective lens's back pupil plane (BPP) to construct a telecentric design by a 4f configuration to maintain the lateral magnification for different axial positions. SOS has a 571.5 µm telecentric scanning range and an 11.7 µm axial resolution. The broadband smartphone LED torch can effectively excite fluorescent polystyrene (PS) beads. We successfully used SOS for high-contrast fluorescent PS beads imaging with different wavelengths and optical sectioning imaging of multilayer fluorescent PS beads. To our knowledge, the proposed SOS is the first smartphone-based HiLo optical sectioning microscopy (£1965), which can save around £7035 compared with a traditional HiLo system (£9000). It is a powerful tool for biomedical research in resource-limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Jiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mingliang Pan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Khadija Yousaf
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Daniel Doveiko
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Michelle Maclean
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, The Robertson Trust Laboratory for Electronic Sterilisation Technologies (ROLEST), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Griffin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David Day Uei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
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12
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Kim ES, Lee JM, Kwak JY, Lee HW, Lee IJ, Kim HM. Multicolor Two-Photon Microscopy Imaging of Lipid Droplets and Liver Capsule Macrophages In Vivo. Anal Chem 2024; 96:8467-8473. [PMID: 38723271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) store energy and supply fatty acids and cholesterol. LDs are a hallmark of chronic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Recently, studies have focused on the role of hepatic macrophages in NAFLD. Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is used for labeling the characteristic targets in bioimaging analysis. Cx3cr1-GFP mice are widely used in studying the liver macrophages such as the NAFLD model. Here, we have developed a tool for two-photon microscopic observation to study the interactions between LDs labeled with LD2 and liver capsule macrophages labeled with GFP in vivo. LD2, a small-molecule two-photon excitation fluorescent probe for LDs, exhibits deep-red (700 nm) fluorescence upon excitation at 880 nm, high cell staining ability and photostability, and low cytotoxicity. This probe can clearly observe LDs through two-photon microscopy (TPM) and enables the simultaneous imaging of GFP+ liver capsule macrophages (LCMs) in vivo in the liver capsule of Cx3cr1-GFP mice. In the NAFLD mouse model, Cx3cr1+ LCMs and LDs increased with the progress of fatty liver disease, and spatiotemporal changes in LCMs were observed through intravital 3D TPM images. LD2 will aid in studying the interactions and immunological roles of hepatic macrophages and LDs to better understand NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Seo Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jeong-Mi Lee
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Jong-Young Kwak
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hyo Won Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - In-Jeong Lee
- Three-Dimensional Immune System Imaging Core Facility, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hwan Myung Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research and Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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13
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Cauzzo S, Bruno E, Boulet D, Nazac P, Basile M, Callara AL, Tozzi F, Ahluwalia A, Magliaro C, Danglot L, Vanello N. A modular framework for multi-scale tissue imaging and neuronal segmentation. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4102. [PMID: 38778027 PMCID: PMC11111705 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48146-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of robust tools for segmenting cellular and sub-cellular neuronal structures lags behind the massive production of high-resolution 3D images of neurons in brain tissue. The challenges are principally related to high neuronal density and low signal-to-noise characteristics in thick samples, as well as the heterogeneity of data acquired with different imaging methods. To address this issue, we design a framework which includes sample preparation for high resolution imaging and image analysis. Specifically, we set up a method for labeling thick samples and develop SENPAI, a scalable algorithm for segmenting neurons at cellular and sub-cellular scales in conventional and super-resolution STimulated Emission Depletion (STED) microscopy images of brain tissues. Further, we propose a validation paradigm for testing segmentation performance when a manual ground-truth may not exhaustively describe neuronal arborization. We show that SENPAI provides accurate multi-scale segmentation, from entire neurons down to spines, outperforming state-of-the-art tools. The framework will empower image processing of complex neuronal circuitries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cauzzo
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
| | - Ester Bruno
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - David Boulet
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, 75014, Paris, France
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane traffic and diseased brain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Paul Nazac
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane traffic and diseased brain, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Miriam Basile
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Tozzi
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Arti Ahluwalia
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Magliaro
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lydia Danglot
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, NeurImag Core Facility, 75014, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, Membrane traffic and diseased brain, 75014, Paris, France.
| | - Nicola Vanello
- Research Center "E. Piaggio", University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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14
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Huang Y, Chen X, Zhu Z, Mukherjee A. A Dual-Gene Reporter-Amplifier Architecture for Enhancing the Sensitivity of Molecular MRI by Water Exchange. Chembiochem 2024; 25:e202400087. [PMID: 38439618 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The development of genetic reporters for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is essential for investigating biological functions in vivo. However, current MRI reporters have low sensitivity, making it challenging to create significant contrast against the tissue background, especially when only a small fraction of cells express the reporter. To overcome this limitation, we developed an approach for amplifying the sensitivity of molecular MRI by combining a chemogenetic contrast mechanism with a biophysical approach to increase water diffusion through the co-expression of a dual-gene construct comprising an organic anion transporting polypeptide, Oatp1b3, and a water channel, Aqp1. We first show that the expression of Aqp1 amplifies MRI contrast in cultured cells engineered to express Oatp1b3. We demonstrate that the contrast amplification is caused by Aqp1-driven increase in water exchange, which provides the gadolinium ions internalized by Oatp1b3-expressing cells with access to a larger water pool compared with exchange-limited conditions. We further show that our methodology allows cells to be detected using approximately 10-fold lower concentrations of gadolinium than that in the Aqp1-free scenario. Finally, we show that our approach enables the imaging of mixed-cell cultures containing a low fraction of Oatp1b3-labeled cells that are undetectable on the basis of Oatp1b3 expression alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimeng Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080
| | - Xinyue Chen
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080
| | - Ziyue Zhu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080
| | - Arnab Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5080
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15
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Suthya AR, Wong CHY, Bourne JH. Diving head-first into brain intravital microscopy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1372996. [PMID: 38817606 PMCID: PMC11137164 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1372996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue microenvironments during physiology and pathology are highly complex, meaning dynamic cellular activities and their interactions cannot be accurately modelled ex vivo or in vitro. In particular, tissue-specific resident cells which may function and behave differently after isolation and the heterogenous vascular beds in various organs highlight the importance of observing such processes in real-time in vivo. This challenge gave rise to intravital microscopy (IVM), which was discovered over two centuries ago. From the very early techniques of low-optical resolution brightfield microscopy, limited to transparent tissues, IVM techniques have significantly evolved in recent years. Combined with improved animal surgical preparations, modern IVM technologies have achieved significantly higher speed of image acquisition and enhanced image resolution which allow for the visualisation of biological activities within a wider variety of tissue beds. These advancements have dramatically expanded our understanding in cell migration and function, especially in organs which are not easily accessible, such as the brain. In this review, we will discuss the application of rodent IVM in neurobiology in health and disease. In particular, we will outline the capability and limitations of emerging technologies, including photoacoustic, two- and three-photon imaging for brain IVM. In addition, we will discuss the use of these technologies in the context of neuroinflammation.
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16
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Han X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Li L, Zheng L, Qiu L, Chen J, Zhan Z, Wang S, Ma J, Kang D, Chen J. Improving the diagnosis of ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion without immunohistochemistry: An innovative method with H&E-stained and multiphoton microscopy images. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1802-1813. [PMID: 38268429 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ with microinvasion (DCISM) is a challenging subtype of breast cancer with controversial invasiveness and prognosis. Accurate diagnosis of DCISM from ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is crucial for optimal treatment and improved clinical outcomes. However, there are often some suspicious small cancer nests in DCIS, and it is difficult to diagnose the presence of intact myoepithelium by conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained images. Although a variety of biomarkers are available for immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of myoepithelial cells, no single biomarker is consistently sensitive to all tumor lesions. Here, we introduced a new diagnostic method that provides rapid and accurate diagnosis of DCISM using multiphoton microscopy (MPM). Suspicious foci in H&E-stained images were labeled as regions of interest (ROIs), and the nuclei within these ROIs were segmented using a deep learning model. MPM was used to capture images of the ROIs in H&E-stained sections. The intensity of two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) in the myoepithelium was significantly different from that in tumor parenchyma and tumor stroma. Through the use of MPM, the myoepithelium and basement membrane can be easily observed via TPEF and second-harmonic generation (SHG), respectively. By fusing the nuclei in H&E-stained images with MPM images, DCISM can be differentiated from suspicious small cancer clusters in DCIS. The proposed method demonstrated good consistency with the cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) myoepithelial staining method (kappa coefficient = 0.818).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiahui Han
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lianhuang Li
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liqin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lida Qiu
- College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Life Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhan
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shu Wang
- College of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianli Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Deyong Kang
- Department of Pathology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
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17
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Xue Y, Boivin JR, Wadduwage DN, Park JK, Nedivi E, So PTC. Multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing (mosTF) microscopy for scattering reduction in in vivo brain imaging. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10954. [PMID: 38740797 PMCID: PMC11091065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporal focusing two-photon microscopy has been utilized for high-resolution imaging of neuronal and synaptic structures across volumes spanning hundreds of microns in vivo. However, a limitation of temporal focusing is the rapid degradation of the signal-to-background ratio and resolution with increasing imaging depth. This degradation is due to scattered emission photons being widely distributed, resulting in a strong background. To overcome this challenge, we have developed multiline orthogonal scanning temporal focusing (mosTF) microscopy. mosTF captures a sequence of images at each scan location of the excitation line. A reconstruction algorithm then reassigns scattered photons back to their correct scan positions. We demonstrate the effectiveness of mosTF by acquiring neuronal images of mice in vivo. Our results show remarkable improvements in in vivo brain imaging with mosTF, while maintaining its speed advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xue
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Josiah R Boivin
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Dushan N Wadduwage
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Jong Kang Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Elly Nedivi
- Picower Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
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18
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Nicolas P, Abdallah S, Dok A, de Coene Y, Jeannin O, Bellec N, Malval JP, Verbiest T, Clays K, Van Cleuvenbergen S, Bilgin-Eran B, Akdas-Kiliç H, Camerel F. Non-Linear Optical Activity of Chiral Bipyrimidine-Based Thin Films. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400112. [PMID: 38353579 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
An original series of bipyrimidine-based chromophores featuring alkoxystyryl donor groups bearing short chiral (S)-2-methylbutyl chains in positions 4, 3,4 and 3,5, connected to electron-accepting 2,2-bipyrimidine rings, has been developed. Their linear and non-linear optical properties were studied using a variety of techniques, including one- and two-photon absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence measurements, as well as Hyper-Rayleigh scattering to determine the first hyperpolarizabilities. Their electronic and geometrical properties were rationalized by TD-DFT calculations. The thermal properties of the compounds were also investigated by a combination of polarized light optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry measurements and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments. The derivatives were found not to have mesomorphic properties, but to exhibit melting temperatures or cold crystallization behavior that enabled the isolation of well-organized thin films. The nonlinear optical properties of amorphous or crystalline thin films were studied by wide-field second harmonic generation and multiphoton fluorescence imaging, confirming that non-centrosymmetric crystal organization enables strong second and third harmonic generation. This new series confirms that our strategy of functionalizing 3D organic octupoles with short chiral chains to generate non-centrosymmetric organized thin films enables the development of highly second order nonlinear optical active materials without the use of corona-poling or tedious deposition techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prescillia Nicolas
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Stephania Abdallah
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Ahmet Dok
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yovan de Coene
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivier Jeannin
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Bellec
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Malval
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, CNRS-UMR 7361, Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France
| | - Thierry Verbiest
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Clays
- Department of Chemistry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Huriye Akdas-Kiliç
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Franck Camerel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, CNRS-UMR 6226, Université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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19
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Nuerbahati A, Liao J, Lyu J, Abduwali S, Chiang LY. An actively stabilized, miniaturized epi-fluorescence widefield microscope for real-time observation in vivo. Microsc Res Tech 2024; 87:1044-1051. [PMID: 38217330 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in real-time, in vivo micro-imaging have allowed for the visualization of tissue pathological changes, facilitating rapid diagnosis. However, miniaturization, magnification, the field of view, and in vivo image stabilization remain challenging factors to reconcile. A key issue for this technology is ensuring it is user friendly for surgeons, enabling them to use the device manually and obtain instantaneous information necessary for surgical decision-making. This descriptive study introduces a handheld, actively stabilized, miniaturized epi-fluorescence widefield microscope (MEW-M) for real-time observation in vivo with high resolution. The methodology of MEW-M system includes high resolution microscopy miniaturization technology, thousandfold shaking suppression (actively stabilized), ultra-photosensitivity, and tailored image signal processing cell image capture and processing technology, which support for the excellent real-time imaging performance of MEW-M system in brain, mammary, liver, lung, and kidney tissue imaging of rats in vivo. With a single-objective and high-frame-rate imaging, the MEW-M system facilitates roving image acquisition, enabling contiguous analysis of large tissue areas. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: A handheld, actively stabilized MEW-M system was introduced. Excellent real-time, in vivo imaging with high resolution and active stabilization in brain, mammary, liver, lung, and kidney tissue of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiasheng Liao
- Dendrite Precision Medical Ltd, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Jing Lyu
- Dendrite Precision Medical Ltd, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
| | - Serk Abduwali
- Dendrite Precision Medical Ltd, Tel Aviv-Jaffa, Israel
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20
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Thornton MA, Futia GL, Stockton ME, Budoff SA, Ramirez AN, Ozbay B, Tzang O, Kilborn K, Poleg-Polsky A, Restrepo D, Gibson EA, Hughes EG. Long-term in vivo three-photon imaging reveals region-specific differences in healthy and regenerative oligodendrogenesis. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:846-861. [PMID: 38539013 PMCID: PMC11104262 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-024-01613-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The generation of new myelin-forming oligodendrocytes in the adult central nervous system is critical for cognitive function and regeneration following injury. Oligodendrogenesis varies between gray and white matter regions, suggesting that local cues drive regional differences in myelination and the capacity for regeneration. However, the layer- and region-specific regulation of oligodendrocyte populations is unclear due to the inability to monitor deep brain structures in vivo. Here we harnessed the superior imaging depth of three-photon microscopy to permit long-term, longitudinal in vivo three-photon imaging of the entire cortical column and subcortical white matter in adult mice. We find that cortical oligodendrocyte populations expand at a higher rate in the adult brain than those of the white matter. Following demyelination, oligodendrocyte replacement is enhanced in the white matter, while the deep cortical layers show deficits in regenerative oligodendrogenesis and the restoration of transcriptional heterogeneity. Together, our findings demonstrate that regional microenvironments regulate oligodendrocyte population dynamics and heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Thornton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Gregory L Futia
- Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael E Stockton
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Samuel A Budoff
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexandra N Ramirez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Baris Ozbay
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Omer Tzang
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Karl Kilborn
- Intelligent Imaging Innovations, Denver, CO, USA
| | - Alon Poleg-Polsky
- Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Emily A Gibson
- Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ethan G Hughes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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21
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Gilinsky SD, Jung DN, Futia GL, Zohrabi M, Welton TA, Supekar OD, Gibson EA, Restrepo D, Bright VM, Gopinath JT. Tunable liquid lens for three-photon excitation microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3285-3300. [PMID: 38855666 PMCID: PMC11161341 DOI: 10.1364/boe.516956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel electrowetting liquid combination using a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) and a nonpolar liquid, 1-phenyl-1-cyclohexene (PCH) suitable for focus-tunable 3-photon microscopy. We show that both liquids have over 90% transmission at 1300 nm over a 1.1 mm pathlength and an index of refraction contrast of 0.123. A lens using these liquids can be tuned from a contact angle of 133 to 48° with applied voltages of 0 and 60 V, respectively. Finally, a three-photon imaging system including an RTIL electrowetting lens was used to image a mouse brain slice. Axial scans taken with an electrowetting lens show excellent agreement with images acquired using a mechanically scanned objective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel D. Gilinsky
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Diane N. Jung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Greg L. Futia
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Mo Zohrabi
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Tarah A. Welton
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Omkar D. Supekar
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Emily A. Gibson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Diego Restrepo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Victor M. Bright
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Juliet T. Gopinath
- Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
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22
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Wu Y, Xu Z, Liang S, Wang L, Wang M, Jia H, Chen X, Zhao Z, Liao X. NeuroSeg-III: efficient neuron segmentation in two-photon Ca 2+ imaging data using self-supervised learning. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2910-2925. [PMID: 38855703 PMCID: PMC11161377 DOI: 10.1364/boe.521478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Two-photon Ca2+ imaging technology increasingly plays an essential role in neuroscience research. However, the requirement for extensive professional annotation poses a significant challenge to improving the performance of neuron segmentation models. Here, we present NeuroSeg-III, an innovative self-supervised learning approach specifically designed to achieve fast and precise segmentation of neurons in imaging data. This approach consists of two modules: a self-supervised pre-training network and a segmentation network. After pre-training the encoder of the segmentation network via a self-supervised learning method without any annotated data, we only need to fine-tune the segmentation network with a small amount of annotated data. The segmentation network is designed with YOLOv8s, FasterNet, efficient multi-scale attention mechanism (EMA), and bi-directional feature pyramid network (BiFPN), which enhanced the model's segmentation accuracy while reducing the computational cost and parameters. The generalization of our approach was validated across different Ca2+ indicators and scales of imaging data. Significantly, the proposed neuron segmentation approach exhibits exceptional speed and accuracy, surpassing the current state-of-the-art benchmarks when evaluated using a publicly available dataset. The results underscore the effectiveness of NeuroSeg-III, with employing an efficient training strategy tailored for two-photon Ca2+ imaging data and delivering remarkable precision in neuron segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukun Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine and Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhehao Xu
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Shanshan Liang
- Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Lukang Wang
- Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hongbo Jia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine and Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Brain Research Instrument Innovation Center, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215163, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaowei Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Special Biomedicine and Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiang Liao
- Center for Neurointelligence, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
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23
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Shcherban IV, Fedotova VS, Matukhno AE, Shepelev IE, Shcherban OG, Lysenko LV. A method for detecting spatiotemporal patterns of cancer biomarkers-evoked activity using radial basis function network extracted time-domain features from calcium imaging data. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 405:110097. [PMID: 38408525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-photon calcium imaging is widely used to study the odor-evoked glomerular activity in the dorsal olfactory bulb of macrosmatic animals. The nonstationary character of activated patterns sets a limit on the use of a traditional image processing approaches. NEW METHOD The developed method makes it possible to automatically map cancer biomarkers-activated glomeruli in the rat dorsal olfactory bulb. We interpolated fluorescence intensity of calcium dynamics based on the Gaussian RBF network and synthesized the physiological fluorescence model of the receptive glomerular field. RESULTS The experiments on 5 rats confirmed the correctness of the developed approach. Patterns evoked by the 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (stomach cancer biomarker) and benzene (lung cancer biomarker) were correctly identified. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The proposed method was compared with the nonnegative matrix factorization method and with the method based on computer vision algorithms. The developed approach showed better accuracy in experiments and provided the mathematical models of the odor-evoked patterns synthesis. These models can be used to generate synthetic images of odor-evoked glomerular activity and thus to overcome the problem of small experimental data collected in calcium imaging. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method should be considered part of the toolkit for fully automatic analysis of calcium imaging-based studies. Currently available methodology is not able to use breath biomarkers to reliably discriminate between cancer patients and healthy controls. Nevertheless, the effective identification of the spatial patterns of cancer biomarkers-evoked glomerular activity can serve as the foundation for highly sensitive biohybrid systems for cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Shcherban
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation.
| | - Victoria S Fedotova
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Aleksey E Matukhno
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Igor E Shepelev
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Oxana G Shcherban
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
| | - Larisa V Lysenko
- Southern Federal University (SFedU), Research Center for Neurotechnology, 105/42 Bolshaya Sadovaya Str., Rostov-on-Don 344006, the Russian Federation
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24
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Bueno JM, Martínez-Ojeda RM, Pérez-Zabalza M, García-Mendívil L, Asensio MC, Ordovás L, Pueyo E. Analysis of age-related changes in the left ventricular myocardium with multiphoton microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:3251-3264. [PMID: 38855691 PMCID: PMC11161339 DOI: 10.1364/boe.509227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Aging induces cardiac remodeling, resulting in an increase in the risk of suffering heart diseases, including heart failure. Collagen deposition increases with age and, together with sarcomeric changes in cardiomyocytes, may lead to ventricular stiffness. Multiphoton (MP) microscopy is a useful technique to visualize and detect variations in cardiac structures in a label free fashion. Here, we propose a method based on MP imaging (both two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) modalities) to explore and objectively quantify age-related structural differences in various components of cardiac tissues. Results in transmural porcine left ventricle (LV) sections reveal significant differences when comparing samples from young and old animals. Collagen and myosin SHG signals in old specimens are respectively 3.8x and >6-fold larger than in young ones. Differences in TPEF signals from cardiomyocyte were ∼3x. Moreover, the increased amount of collagen in old specimens results in a more organized pattern when compared to young LV tissues. Since changes in collagen and myosin are associated with cardiac dysfunction, the technique used herein might be a useful tool to accurately predict and measure changes associated with age-related myocardium fibrosis, tissue remodeling and sarcomeric alterations, with potential implications in preventing heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M. Bueno
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Martínez-Ojeda
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Pérez-Zabalza
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro Universitario de la Defensa (CUD), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - M. Carmen Asensio
- Laboratorio de Óptica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Óptica y Nanofísica, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo (Ed. 34), 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Laura Ordovás
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Esther Pueyo
- BSICoS group, I3A, IIS Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
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25
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Zhou Q, Glück C, Tang L, Glandorf L, Droux J, El Amki M, Wegener S, Weber B, Razansky D, Chen Z. Cortex-wide transcranial localization microscopy with fluorescently labeled red blood cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3526. [PMID: 38664419 PMCID: PMC11045747 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47892-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Large-scale imaging of brain activity with high spatio-temporal resolution is crucial for advancing our understanding of brain function. The existing neuroimaging techniques are largely limited by restricted field of view, slow imaging speed, or otherwise do not have the adequate spatial resolution to capture brain activities on a capillary and cellular level. To address these limitations, we introduce fluorescence localization microscopy aided with sparsely-labeled red blood cells for cortex-wide morphological and functional cerebral angiography with 4.9 µm spatial resolution and 1 s temporal resolution. When combined with fluorescence calcium imaging, the proposed method enables extended recordings of stimulus-evoked neuro-vascular changes in the murine brain while providing simultaneous multiparametric readings of intracellular neuronal activity, blood flow velocity/direction/volume, and vessel diameter. Owing to its simplicity and versatility, the proposed approach will become an invaluable tool for deciphering the regulation of cortical microcirculation and neurovascular coupling in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanyu Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Chaim Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lin Tang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Glandorf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Droux
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad El Amki
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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26
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Yang Q, Vazquez AL, Cui XT. Revealing in vivo cellular mechanisms of cerebral microbleeds on neurons and microglia across cortical layers. iScience 2024; 27:109371. [PMID: 38510113 PMCID: PMC10951986 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are associated with higher risk for various neurological diseases including stroke, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. However, the understanding of cellular pathology of CMBs, particularly in deep brain regions, remains limited. Utilizing two-photon microscopy and microprism implantation, we longitudinally imaged the impact of CMBs on neuronal and microglial activities across cortical depths in awake mice. A temporary decline in spontaneous neuronal activity occurred throughout cortical layers, followed by recovery within a week. However, significant changes of neuron-neuron activity correlations persisted for weeks. Moreover, microglial contact with neuron soma significantly increased post-microbleeds, indicating an important modulatory role of microglia. Notably, microglial contact, negatively correlated with neuronal firing rate in normal conditions, became uncorrelated after microbleeds, suggesting a decreased neuron-microglia inhibition. These findings reveal chronic alterations in cortical neuronal networks and microglial-neuronal interactions across cortical depths, shedding light on the pathology of CMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianru Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alberto L. Vazquez
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - X. Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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27
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Thirumurugan S, Ramanathan S, Muthiah KS, Lin YC, Hsiao M, Dhawan U, Wang AN, Liu WC, Liu X, Liao MY, Chung RJ. Inorganic nanoparticles for photothermal treatment of cancer. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3569-3593. [PMID: 38494982 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02797j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention as potential theranostic agents in the field of oncology. Photothermal therapy (PTT) is a minimally invasive technique that uses nanoparticles to produce heat from light to kill cancer cells. PTT requires two essential elements: a photothermal agent (PTA) and near-infrared (NIR) radiation. The role of PTAs is to absorb NIR, which subsequently triggers hyperthermia within cancer cells. By raising the temperature in the tumor microenvironment (TME), PTT causes damage to the cancer cells. Nanoparticles (NPs) are instrumental in PTT given that they facilitate the passive and active targeting of the PTA to the TME, making them crucial for the effectiveness of the treatment. In addition, specific targeting can be achieved through their enhanced permeation and retention effect. Thus, owing to their significant advantages, such as altering the morphology and surface characteristics of nanocarriers comprised of PTA, NPs have been exploited to facilitate tumor regression significantly. This review highlights the properties of PTAs, the mechanism of PTT, and the results obtained from the improved curative efficacy of PTT by utilizing NPs platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Thirumurugan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Susaritha Ramanathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Kayalvizhi Samuvel Muthiah
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chien Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Michael Hsiao
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Udesh Dhawan
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, Division of Biomedical Engineering, James Watt School of Engineering, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G116EW, UK
| | - An-Ni Wang
- Scrona AG, Grubenstrasse 9, 8045 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wai-Ching Liu
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Xinke Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Chinese Engineering and Research Institute of Microelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Mei-Yi Liao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 90003, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Jei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), No. 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd, Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
- High-value Biomaterials Research and Commercialization Center, National Taipei University of Technology (Taipei Tech), Taipei 106, Taiwan
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28
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Bimbard C, Takács F, Catarino JA, Fabre JMJ, Gupta S, Lenzi SC, Melin MD, O’Neill N, Orsolic I, Robacha M, Street JS, Teixeira J, Townsend S, van Beest EH, Zhang AM, Churchland AK, Duan CA, Harris KD, Kullmann DM, Lignani G, Mainen ZF, Margrie TW, Rochefort N, Wikenheiser AM, Carandini M, Coen P. An adaptable, reusable, and light implant for chronic Neuropixels probes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551752. [PMID: 37577563 PMCID: PMC10418246 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Electrophysiology has proven invaluable to record neural activity, and the development of Neuropixels probes dramatically increased the number of recorded neurons. These probes are often implanted acutely, but acute recordings cannot be performed in freely moving animals and the recorded neurons cannot be tracked across days. To study key behaviors such as navigation, learning, and memory formation, the probes must be implanted chronically. An ideal chronic implant should (1) allow stable recordings of neurons for weeks; (2) allow reuse of the probes after explantation; (3) be light enough for use in mice. Here, we present the "Apollo Implant", an open-source and editable device that meets these criteria and accommodates up to two Neuropixels 1.0 or 2.0 probes. The implant comprises a "payload" module which is attached to the probe and is recoverable, and a "docking" module which is cemented to the skull. The design is adjustable, making it easy to change the distance between probes, the angle of insertion, and the depth of insertion. We tested the implant across eight labs in head-fixed mice, freely moving mice, and freely moving rats. The number of neurons recorded across days was stable, even after repeated implantations of the same probe. The Apollo implant provides an inexpensive, lightweight, and flexible solution for reusable chronic Neuropixels recordings.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Bimbard
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - F. Takács
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. A. Catarino
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasilia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. M. J. Fabre
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - S. Gupta
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - S. C. Lenzi
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. D. Melin
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - N. O’Neill
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - I. Orsolic
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - M. Robacha
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. S. Street
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - J. Teixeira
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasilia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - S. Townsend
- The FabLab, Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, UK
| | - E. H. van Beest
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - A. M. Zhang
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. K. Churchland
- Department of Neurobiology, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - C. A. Duan
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - K. D. Harris
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - D. M. Kullmann
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - G. Lignani
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z. F. Mainen
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Av. Brasilia, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - T. W. Margrie
- Sainsbury Wellcome Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour, University College London, London, UK
| | - N.L. Rochefort
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, UK
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. M. Wikenheiser
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - M. Carandini
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - P. Coen
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, UK
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29
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Ocklenburg S, Guo ZV. Cross-hemispheric communication: Insights on lateralized brain functions. Neuron 2024; 112:1222-1234. [PMID: 38458199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
On the surface, the two hemispheres of vertebrate brains look almost perfectly symmetrical, but several motor, sensory, and cognitive systems show a deeply lateralized organization. Importantly, the two hemispheres are connected by various commissures, white matter tracts that cross the brain's midline and enable cross-hemispheric communication. Cross-hemispheric communication has been suggested to play an important role in the emergence of lateralized brain functions. Here, we review current advances in understanding cross-hemispheric communication that have been made using modern neuroscientific tools in rodents and other model species, such as genetic labeling, large-scale recordings of neuronal activity, spatiotemporally precise perturbation, and quantitative behavior analyses. These findings suggest that the emergence of lateralized brain functions cannot be fully explained by largely static factors such as genetic variation and differences in structural brain asymmetries. In addition, learning-dependent asymmetric interactions between the left and right hemispheres shape lateralized brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Ocklenburg
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; ICAN Institute for Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany; Biopsychology, Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Zengcai V Guo
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, Beijing 100084, China; IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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30
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Tatarinov DA, Skurlov ID, Sokolova AV, Shimko AA, Danilov DV, Timkina YA, Rider MA, Zakharov VV, Cherevkov SA, Kuzmenko NK, Koroleva AV, Zhizhin EV, Maslova NA, Stovpiaga EY, Kurdyukov DA, Golubev VG, Zhang X, Zheng W, Tcypkin AN, Litvin AP, Rogach AL. Near-infrared two-photon excited photoluminescence from Yb 3+-doped CsPbCl xBr 3-x perovskite nanocrystals embedded into amphiphilic silica microspheres. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38623897 DOI: 10.1039/d4nr00892h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Nonlinear absorption of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) makes them an ideal candidate for applications which require multiphoton-excited photoluminescence. By doping perovskite NCs with lanthanides, their emission can be extended into the near-infrared (NIR) spectral region. We demonstrate how the combination of Yb3+ doping and bandgap engineering of cesium lead halide perovskite NCs performed by anion exchange (from Cl- to Br-) leads to efficient and tunable emitters that operate under two-photon excitation in the NIR spectral region. By optimizing the anion composition, Yb3+-doped CsPbClxBr3-x NCs exhibited high values of two-photon absorption cross-section reaching 2.3 × 105 GM, and displayed dual-band emission located both in the visible (407-493 nm) and NIR (985 nm). With a view of practical applications of bio-visualisation in the NIR spectral range, these NCs were embedded into silica microspheres which were further wrapped with amphiphilic polymer shells to ensure their water-compatibility. The resulting microspheres with embedded NCs could be easily dispersed in both toluene and water, while still exhibiting a dual-band emission in visible and NIR under both one- and two-photon excitation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan D Skurlov
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Anastasiia V Sokolova
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Alexander A Shimko
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Denis V Danilov
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Yuliya A Timkina
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Maxim A Rider
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Viktor V Zakharov
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | | | - Natalya K Kuzmenko
- Research Center for Optical Materials Science, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Evgeniy V Zhizhin
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Maslova
- Research Park, Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | | | | | - Valery G Golubev
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Weitao Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Anton N Tcypkin
- Laboratory of Quantum Processes and Measurements, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Aleksandr P Litvin
- PhysNano Department, ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia.
- Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials MOE, School of Materials Science & Engineering, and Jilin Provincial International Cooperation Key Laboratory of High-Efficiency Clean Energy Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Laboratory of Quantum Processes and Measurements, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Andrey L Rogach
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Functional Photonics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
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31
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Chen Y, Yang Y, Zhang F. Noninvasive in vivo microscopy of single neutrophils in the mouse brain via NIR-II fluorescent nanomaterials. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3. [PMID: 38605264 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-00983-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
In vivo microscopy of single cells enables following pathological changes in tissues, revealing signaling networks and cell interactions critical to disease progression. However, conventional intravital microscopy at visible and near-infrared wavelengths <900 nm (NIR-I) suffers from attenuation and is typically performed following the surgical creation of an imaging window. Such surgical procedures cause the alteration of the local vasculature and induce inflammation in skin, muscle and skull, inevitably altering the microenvironment in the imaging area. Here, we detail the use of near-infrared fluorescence (NIR-II, 1,000-1,700 nm) for in vivo microscopy to circumvent attenuation in living tissues. This approach enables the noninvasive visualization of cell migration in deep tissues by labeling specific cells with NIR-II lanthanide downshifting nanoparticles exhibiting high physicochemical stability and photostability. We further developed a NIR-II fluorescence microscopy setup for in vivo imaging through the intact skull with high spatiotemporal resolution, which we use for the real-time dynamic visualization of single-neutrophil behavior in the deep brain of a mouse model of ischemic stroke. The labeled downshifting nanoparticle synthesis takes 5-6 d, the imaging system setup takes 1-2 h, the in vivo cell labeling takes 1-3 h, the in vivo NIR-II microscopic imaging takes 3-5 h and the data analysis takes 3-8 h. The procedures can be performed by users with standard laboratory training in nanomaterials research and appropriate animal handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Yang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers and iChem, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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32
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Ipus E, Lenz AJM, Lancis J, Paniagua-Diaz AM, Artal P, Tajahuerce E. Single-pixel imaging through non-homogeneous turbid media with adaptive illumination. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:13797-13808. [PMID: 38859340 DOI: 10.1364/oe.519382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The presence of scattering media limits the quality of images obtained by optical systems. Single-pixel imaging techniques based on structured illumination are highly tolerant to the presence of scattering between the object and the sensor, but very sensitive when the scattering medium is between the light source and the object. This makes it difficult to develop single-pixel imaging techniques for the case of objects immersed in scattering media. We present what we believe to be a new system for imaging objects through inhomogeneous scattering media in an epi-illumination configuration. It works in an adaptive way by combining diffuse optical imaging (DOI) and single pixel imaging (SPI) techniques in two stages. First, the turbid media is characterized by projecting light patterns with an LED array and applying DOI techniques. Second, the LED array is programmed to project light only through the less scattering areas of the media, while simultaneously using a digital micromirror device (DMD) to project light patterns onto the target using Hadamard basis coding functions. With this adaptive technique, we are able to obtain images of targets through two different scattering media with better quality than using conventional illumination. We also show that the system works with fluorescent targets.
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33
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Ko J, Hyung S, Cheong S, Chung Y, Li Jeon N. Revealing the clinical potential of high-resolution organoids. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 207:115202. [PMID: 38336091 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The symbiotic interplay of organoid technology and advanced imaging strategies yields innovative breakthroughs in research and clinical applications. Organoids, intricate three-dimensional cell cultures derived from pluripotent or adult stem/progenitor cells, have emerged as potent tools for in vitro modeling, reflecting in vivo organs and advancing our grasp of tissue physiology and disease. Concurrently, advanced imaging technologies such as confocal, light-sheet, and two-photon microscopy ignite fresh explorations, uncovering rich organoid information. Combined with advanced imaging technologies and the power of artificial intelligence, organoids provide new insights that bridge experimental models and real-world clinical scenarios. This review explores exemplary research that embodies this technological synergy and how organoids reshape personalized medicine and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Ko
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Gyeonggi 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Hyung
- Precision Medicine Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghun Cheong
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoojin Chung
- Division of Computer Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin 17035, Republic of Korea
| | - Noo Li Jeon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; Qureator, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.
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34
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Galli R, Uckermann O. Vibrational spectroscopy and multiphoton microscopy for label-free visualization of nervous system degeneration and regeneration. Biophys Rev 2024; 16:219-235. [PMID: 38737209 PMCID: PMC11078905 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01158-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, pose significant challenges in terms of diagnosis, treatment, and understanding the underlying pathophysiological processes. Label-free multiphoton microscopy techniques, such as coherent Raman scattering, two-photon excited autofluorescence, and second and third harmonic generation microscopy, have emerged as powerful tools for visualizing nervous tissue with high resolution and without the need for exogenous labels. Coherent Raman scattering processes as well as third harmonic generation enable label-free visualization of myelin sheaths, while their combination with two-photon excited autofluorescence and second harmonic generation allows for a more comprehensive tissue visualization. They have shown promise in assessing the efficacy of therapeutic interventions and may have future applications in clinical diagnostics. In addition to multiphoton microscopy, vibrational spectroscopy methods such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy offer insights into the molecular signatures of injured nervous tissues and hold potential as diagnostic markers. This review summarizes the application of these label-free optical techniques in preclinical models and illustrates their potential in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders with a special focus on injury, degeneration, and regeneration. Furthermore, it addresses current advancements and challenges for bridging the gap between research findings and their practical applications in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Galli
- Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ortrud Uckermann
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Division of Medical Biology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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35
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Deng J, Sun C, Zheng Y, Gao J, Cui X, Wang Y, Zhang L, Tang P. In vivo imaging of the neuronal response to spinal cord injury: a narrative review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:811-817. [PMID: 37843216 PMCID: PMC10664102 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deciphering the neuronal response to injury in the spinal cord is essential for exploring treatment strategies for spinal cord injury (SCI). However, this subject has been neglected in part because appropriate tools are lacking. Emerging in vivo imaging and labeling methods offer great potential for observing dynamic neural processes in the central nervous system in conditions of health and disease. This review first discusses in vivo imaging of the mouse spinal cord with a focus on the latest imaging techniques, and then analyzes the dynamic biological response of spinal cord sensory and motor neurons to SCI. We then summarize and compare the techniques behind these studies and clarify the advantages of in vivo imaging compared with traditional neuroscience examinations. Finally, we identify the challenges and possible solutions for spinal cord neuron imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Jianpeng Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Cui
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Licheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
| | - Peifu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing, China
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36
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Zhou C, Huang M, Wang S, Chu S, Zhang Z, Chen N. Tunneling nanotubes: The transport highway for astrocyte-neuron communication in the central nervous system. Brain Res Bull 2024; 209:110921. [PMID: 38447659 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) have emerged as pivotal structures for intercellular communication, enabling the transfer of cellular components across distant cells. Their involvement in neurological disorders has attracted considerable scientific interest. This review delineates the functions of TNTs within the central nervous system, examining their role in the transmission of bioenergetic substrates, and signaling molecules, and their multifaceted impact on both physiological and pathological processes, with an emphasis on neurodegenerative diseases. The review highlights the selectivity and specificity of TNTs as dedicated pathways for intercellular cargo delivery, particularly under stress conditions that provoke increased TNT formation. The potential of TNTs as therapeutic targets is explored in depth. We pay particular attention to the interactions between astrocytes and neurons mediated by TNTs, which are fundamental to brain architecture and function. Dysfunctions in these interactions are implicated in the spread of protein aggregates and mitochondrial anomalies, contributing to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The review culminates with a synthesis of the current understanding of TNT biology and identifies research gaps, advocating for intensified exploration into TNTs as a promising therapeutic frontier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuixiang Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Shifeng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Naihong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica & Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China.
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37
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Lorca-Cámara A, Tourain C, de Sars V, Emiliani V, Accanto N. Multicolor two-photon light-patterning microscope exploiting the spatio-temporal properties of a fiber bundle. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:2094-2109. [PMID: 38633065 PMCID: PMC11019707 DOI: 10.1364/boe.507690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The development of efficient genetically encoded indicators and actuators has opened up the possibility of reading and manipulating neuronal activity in living tissues with light. To achieve precise and reconfigurable targeting of large numbers of neurons with single-cell resolution within arbitrary volumes, different groups have recently developed all-optical strategies based on two-photon excitation and spatio-temporal shaping of ultrashort laser pulses. However, such techniques are often complex to set up and typically operate at a single wavelength only. To address these issues, we have developed a novel optical approach that uses a fiber bundle and a spatial light modulator to achieve simple and dual-color two-photon light patterning in three dimensions. By leveraging the core-to-core temporal delay and the wavelength-independent divergence characteristics of fiber bundles, we have demonstrated the capacity to generate high-resolution excitation spots in a 3D region with two distinct laser wavelengths simultaneously, offering a suitable and simple alternative for precise multicolor cell targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Tourain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Vincent de Sars
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Valentina Emiliani
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
| | - Nicolò Accanto
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Institut de la Vision, 75012 Paris, France
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38
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Luu P, Fraser SE, Schneider F. More than double the fun with two-photon excitation microscopy. Commun Biol 2024; 7:364. [PMID: 38531976 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06057-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
For generations researchers have been observing the dynamic processes of life through the lens of a microscope. This has offered tremendous insights into biological phenomena that span multiple orders of time- and length-scales ranging from the pure magic of molecular reorganization at the membrane of immune cells, to cell migration and differentiation during development or wound healing. Standard fluorescence microscopy techniques offer glimpses at such processes in vitro, however, when applied in intact systems, they are challenged by reduced signal strengths and signal-to-noise ratios that result from deeper imaging. As a remedy, two-photon excitation (TPE) microscopy takes a special place, because it allows us to investigate processes in vivo, in their natural environment, even in a living animal. Here, we review the fundamental principles underlying TPE aimed at basic and advanced microscopy users interested in adopting TPE for intravital imaging. We focus on applications in neurobiology, present current trends towards faster, wider and deeper imaging, discuss the combination with photon counting technologies for metabolic imaging and spectroscopy, as well as highlight outstanding issues and drawbacks in development and application of these methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Luu
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Scott E Fraser
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Division of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
- Alfred Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Falk Schneider
- Translational Imaging Center, Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
- Dana and David Dornsife College of Letters, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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39
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Pulfer A, Pizzagalli DU, Gagliardi PA, Hinderling L, Lopez P, Zayats R, Carrillo-Barberà P, Antonello P, Palomino-Segura M, Grädel B, Nicolai M, Giusti A, Thelen M, Gambardella LM, Murooka TT, Pertz O, Krause R, Gonzalez SF. Transformer-based spatial-temporal detection of apoptotic cell death in live-cell imaging. eLife 2024; 12:RP90502. [PMID: 38497754 PMCID: PMC10948145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.90502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has revolutionized live-cell imaging by allowing the study of spatial-temporal cell dynamics in living animals. However, the complexity of the data generated by this technology has limited the development of effective computational tools to identify and quantify cell processes. Amongst them, apoptosis is a crucial form of regulated cell death involved in tissue homeostasis and host defense. Live-cell imaging enabled the study of apoptosis at the cellular level, enhancing our understanding of its spatial-temporal regulation. However, at present, no computational method can deliver robust detection of apoptosis in microscopy timelapses. To overcome this limitation, we developed ADeS, a deep learning-based apoptosis detection system that employs the principle of activity recognition. We trained ADeS on extensive datasets containing more than 10,000 apoptotic instances collected both in vitro and in vivo, achieving a classification accuracy above 98% and outperforming state-of-the-art solutions. ADeS is the first method capable of detecting the location and duration of multiple apoptotic events in full microscopy timelapses, surpassing human performance in the same task. We demonstrated the effectiveness and robustness of ADeS across various imaging modalities, cell types, and staining techniques. Finally, we employed ADeS to quantify cell survival in vitro and tissue damage in mice, demonstrating its potential application in toxicity assays, treatment evaluation, and inflammatory dynamics. Our findings suggest that ADeS is a valuable tool for the accurate detection and quantification of apoptosis in live-cell imaging and, in particular, intravital microscopy data, providing insights into the complex spatial-temporal regulation of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Pulfer
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH ZurichZürichSwitzerland
| | - Diego Ulisse Pizzagalli
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Euler Institute, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Pau Carrillo-Barberà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), Universitat de ValènciaValenciaSpain
| | - Paola Antonello
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Benjamin Grädel
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Alessandro Giusti
- Dalle Molle Institute for Artificial Intelligence, IDSIALuganoSwitzerland
| | - Marcus Thelen
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, USILuganoSwitzerland
| | | | | | - Olivier Pertz
- Institute of Cell Biology, University of BernBernSwitzerland
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40
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Park WY, Yun J, Shin J, Oh BH, Yoon G, Hong SM, Kim KH. Open-top Bessel beam two-photon light sheet microscopy for three-dimensional pathology. eLife 2024; 12:RP92614. [PMID: 38488831 PMCID: PMC10942781 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Nondestructive pathology based on three-dimensional (3D) optical microscopy holds promise as a complement to traditional destructive hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slide-based pathology by providing cellular information in high throughput manner. However, conventional techniques provided superficial information only due to shallow imaging depths. Herein, we developed open-top two-photon light sheet microscopy (OT-TP-LSM) for intraoperative 3D pathology. An extended depth of field two-photon excitation light sheet was generated by scanning a nondiffractive Bessel beam, and selective planar imaging was conducted with cameras at 400 frames/s max during the lateral translation of tissue specimens. Intrinsic second harmonic generation was collected for additional extracellular matrix (ECM) visualization. OT-TP-LSM was tested in various human cancer specimens including skin, pancreas, and prostate. High imaging depths were achieved owing to long excitation wavelengths and long wavelength fluorophores. 3D visualization of both cells and ECM enhanced the ability of cancer detection. Furthermore, an unsupervised deep learning network was employed for the style transfer of OT-TP-LSM images to virtual H&E images. The virtual H&E images exhibited comparable histological characteristics to real ones. OT-TP-LSM may have the potential for histopathological examination in surgical and biopsy applications by rapidly providing 3D information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yeong Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jieun Yun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jinho Shin
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, SeoulSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Byung Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gilsuk Yoon
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
- Medical Science and Engineering Program, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
- Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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41
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Wen J, Pilger C, Wang W, Erapaneedi R, Xiu H, Fan Y, Hu X, Huser T, Kiefer F, Wei X, Yang Z. Watt-level all polarization-maintaining femtosecond fiber laser source at 1100 nm. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:9625-9633. [PMID: 38571192 DOI: 10.1364/oe.514197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate a compact watt-level all polarization-maintaining (PM) femtosecond fiber laser source at 1100 nm. The fiber laser source is seeded by an all PM fiber mode-locked laser employing a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. The seed laser can generate stable pulses at a fundamental repetition rate of 40.71 MHz with a signal-to-noise rate of >100 dB and an integrated relative intensity noise of only ∼0.061%. After two-stage external amplification and pulse compression, an output power of ∼1.47 W (corresponding to a pulse energy of ∼36.1 nJ) and a pulse duration of ∼251 fs are obtained. The 1100 nm femtosecond fiber laser is then employed as the excitation light source for multicolor multi-photon fluorescence microscopy of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells stably expressing red fluorescent proteins.
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Soumier A, Lio G, Demily C. Current and future applications of light-sheet imaging for identifying molecular and developmental processes in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02487-8. [PMID: 38443634 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02487-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is identified by a set of neurodevelopmental divergences that typically affect the social communication domain. ASD is also characterized by heterogeneous cognitive impairments and is associated with cooccurring physical and medical conditions. As behaviors emerge as the brain matures, it is particularly essential to identify any gaps in neurodevelopmental trajectories during early perinatal life. Here, we introduce the potential of light-sheet imaging for studying developmental biology and cross-scale interactions among genetic, cellular, molecular and macroscale levels of circuitry and connectivity. We first report the core principles of light-sheet imaging and the recent progress in studying brain development in preclinical animal models and human organoids. We also present studies using light-sheet imaging to understand the development and function of other organs, such as the skin and gastrointestinal tract. We also provide information on the potential of light-sheet imaging in preclinical drug development. Finally, we speculate on the translational benefits of light-sheet imaging for studying individual brain-body interactions in advancing ASD research and creating personalized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Soumier
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France.
- iMIND, Center of Excellence for Autism, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France.
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France.
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France.
| | - Guillaume Lio
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- iMIND, Center of Excellence for Autism, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
| | - Caroline Demily
- Le Vinatier Hospital Center, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- iMIND, Center of Excellence for Autism, 95 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, UMR 5229, 67 boulevard Pinel, 69675, Bron cedex, France
- University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne cedex, France
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Nolte DD. Coherent light scattering from cellular dynamics in living tissues. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:036601. [PMID: 38433567 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad2229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
This review examines the biological physics of intracellular transport probed by the coherent optics of dynamic light scattering from optically thick living tissues. Cells and their constituents are in constant motion, composed of a broad range of speeds spanning many orders of magnitude that reflect the wide array of functions and mechanisms that maintain cellular health. From the organelle scale of tens of nanometers and upward in size, the motion inside living tissue is actively driven rather than thermal, propelled by the hydrolysis of bioenergetic molecules and the forces of molecular motors. Active transport can mimic the random walks of thermal Brownian motion, but mean-squared displacements are far from thermal equilibrium and can display anomalous diffusion through Lévy or fractional Brownian walks. Despite the average isotropic three-dimensional environment of cells and tissues, active cellular or intracellular transport of single light-scattering objects is often pseudo-one-dimensional, for instance as organelle displacement persists along cytoskeletal tracks or as membranes displace along the normal to cell surfaces, albeit isotropically oriented in three dimensions. Coherent light scattering is a natural tool to characterize such tissue dynamics because persistent directed transport induces Doppler shifts in the scattered light. The many frequency-shifted partial waves from the complex and dynamic media interfere to produce dynamic speckle that reveals tissue-scale processes through speckle contrast imaging and fluctuation spectroscopy. Low-coherence interferometry, dynamic optical coherence tomography, diffusing-wave spectroscopy, diffuse-correlation spectroscopy, differential dynamic microscopy and digital holography offer coherent detection methods that shed light on intracellular processes. In health-care applications, altered states of cellular health and disease display altered cellular motions that imprint on the statistical fluctuations of the scattered light. For instance, the efficacy of medical therapeutics can be monitored by measuring the changes they induce in the Doppler spectra of livingex vivocancer biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David D Nolte
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States of America
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Xu M, Wang H, Tian X, Li B, Wang S, Zhao X, He H. Opsin-Free Activation of Bmp Receptors by a Femtosecond Laser. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308072. [PMID: 38239021 PMCID: PMC10933676 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling plays a vital role in differentiation, organogenesis, and various cell processes. As a member of TGF-β superfamily, the BMP initiation usually accompanies crosstalk with other signaling pathways and simultaneously activates some of them. It is quite challenging to solely initiate an individual pathway. In this study, an opsin-free optical method to specifically activate BMP receptors (BMPR) and subsequent pSmad1/5/8 cascades by a single-time scan of a tightly-focused femtosecond laser in the near infrared range is reported. Via transient two-photon excitation to intrinsic local flavins near the cell membrane, the photoactivation drives conformational changes of preformed BMPR complexes to enable their bonding and phosphorylation of the GS domain in BMPR-I by BMPR-II. The pSmad1/5/8 signaling is initiated by this method, while p38 and pSmad2 are rarely perturbed. Based on a microscopic system, primary adipose-derived stem cells in an area of 420 × 420 µm2 are photoactivated by a single-time laser scanning for 1.5 s and exhibit pSmad1/5/8 upregulation and osteoblastic differentiation after 21 days. Hence, an opsin-free, specific, and noninvasive optical method to initiate BMP signaling, easily accomplished by a two-photon microscope system is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Xu
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Haipeng Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Xiaoying Tian
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Bingyi Li
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Shaoyang Wang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringHainan UniversityHaikou570228China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Hao He
- School of Biomedical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200031China
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Ma J, Sun R, Xia K, Xia Q, Liu Y, Zhang X. Design and Application of Fluorescent Probes to Detect Cellular Physical Microenvironments. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1738-1861. [PMID: 38354333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The microenvironment is indispensable for functionality of various biomacromolecules, subcellular compartments, living cells, and organisms. In particular, physical properties within the biological microenvironment could exert profound effects on both the cellular physiology and pathology, with parameters including the polarity, viscosity, pH, and other relevant factors. There is a significant demand to directly visualize and quantitatively measure the fluctuation in the cellular microenvironment with spatiotemporal resolution. To satisfy this need, analytical methods based on fluorescence probes offer great opportunities due to the facile, sensitive, and dynamic detection that these molecules could enable in varying biological settings from in vitro samples to live animal models. Herein, we focus on various types of small molecule fluorescent probes for the detection and measurement of physical parameters of the microenvironment, including pH, polarity, viscosity, mechanical force, temperature, and electron potential. For each parameter, we primarily describe the chemical mechanisms underlying how physical properties are correlated with changes of various fluorescent signals. This review provides both an overview and a perspective for the development of small molecule fluorescent probes to visualize the dynamic changes in the cellular environment, to expand the knowledge for biological process, and to enrich diagnostic tools for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kaifu Xia
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
- Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiuxuan Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics, National Chromatographic R. & A. Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian Liaoning 116023, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, 600 Dunyu Road, Hangzhou 310030, Zhejiang Province, China
- Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, 18 Shilongshan Road, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang Province, China
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Rzepiela J, Liberka M, Zychowicz M, Wang J, Tokoro H, Piotrowska K, Baś S, Ohkoshi SI, Chorazy S. SHG-active luminescent thermometers based on chiral cyclometalated dicyanidoiridate(iii) complexes. Inorg Chem Front 2024; 11:1366-1380. [PMID: 38420599 PMCID: PMC10897766 DOI: 10.1039/d3qi02482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional optical materials can be realized by combining stimuli-responsive photoluminescence (PL), e.g., optical thermometry, with non-linear optical (NLO) effects, such as second-harmonic generation (SHG). We report a novel approach towards SHG-active luminescent thermometers achieved by constructing unique iridium(iii) complexes, cis-[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]- (R,R-pinppy = (R,R)-2-phenyl-4,5-pinenopyridine), bearing both a chiral 2-phenylpyridine derivative and cyanido ligands, the latter enabling the formation of a series of molecular materials: (TBA)[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]·2MeCN (1) (TBA+ = tetrabutylammonium) and (nBu-DABCO)2[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2](i)·MeCN (2) (nBu-DABCO+ = 1-(n-butyl)-1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) hybrid salts, (TBA)2{[LaIII(NO3)3(H2O)0.5]2[IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]2} (3) square molecules, and {[LaIII(NO3)2(dmf)3][IrIII(CN)2(R,R-pinppy)2]}·MeCN (4) coordination chains. Thanks to the chiral pinene group, 1-4 crystallize in non-centrosymmetric space groups leading to SHG activity, while the N,C-coordination of ppy-type ligands to Ir(iii) centers generates visible charge-transfer (CT) photoluminescence. The PL characteristics are distinctly temperature-dependent which was utilized in achieving ratiometric optical thermometry below 220 K. The PL phenomena were rationalized by DFT/TD-DFT calculations indicating an MLCT-type of the emission in obtained Ir(iii) complexes with the rich vibronic structure providing a few emission bands that variously depend on temperature due to the role of thermally activated vibrations. As these crucial vibrational modes depend on the crystal lattice, the thermometry performance differs within 1-4 being the most efficient in 4 while the SHG is by far the best also for 4. This proves that pinene-functionalized cyclometalated dicyanidoiridates(iii) are great prerequisites for tunable PL-NLO conjunction with the most effective multifunctionality ensured by the insertion of these anions into bimetallic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rzepiela
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Michal Liberka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Mikolaj Zychowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Junhao Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Hiroko Tokoro
- Department of Materials Science, Faculty of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba 1-1-1 Tennodai Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8573 Japan
| | - Kinga Piotrowska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
- Jagiellonian University, Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Sebastian Baś
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan
| | - Szymon Chorazy
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30-387 Kraków Poland
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Mertens TF, Liebheit AT, Ehl J, Köhler R, Rakhymzhan A, Woehler A, Katthän L, Ebel G, Liublin W, Kasapi A, Triantafyllopoulou A, Schulz TJ, Niesner RA, Hauser AE. MarShie: a clearing protocol for 3D analysis of single cells throughout the bone marrow at subcellular resolution. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1764. [PMID: 38409121 PMCID: PMC10897183 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45827-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Analyzing immune cell interactions in the bone marrow is vital for understanding hematopoiesis and bone homeostasis. Three-dimensional analysis of the complete, intact bone marrow within the cortex of whole long bones remains a challenge, especially at subcellular resolution. We present a method that stabilizes the marrow and provides subcellular resolution of fluorescent signals throughout the murine femur, enabling identification and spatial characterization of hematopoietic and stromal cell subsets. By combining a pre-processing algorithm for stripe artifact removal with a machine-learning approach, we demonstrate reliable cell segmentation down to the deepest bone marrow regions. This reveals age-related changes in the marrow. It highlights the interaction between CX3CR1+ cells and the vascular system in homeostasis, in contrast to other myeloid cell types, and reveals their spatial characteristics after injury. The broad applicability of this method will contribute to a better understanding of bone marrow biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Fabian Mertens
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Tabea Liebheit
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Ehl
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Köhler
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Asylkhan Rakhymzhan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Woehler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 10115, Berlin, Germany
- Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, 20147, USA
| | - Lukas Katthän
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. and Co. Bertha-von-Suttner-Straße 5, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gernot Ebel
- Miltenyi Biotec B.V. and Co. Bertha-von-Suttner-Straße 5, 37085, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wjatscheslaw Liublin
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ana Kasapi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Innate Immunity in Rheumatic Diseases, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antigoni Triantafyllopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Innate Immunity in Rheumatic Diseases, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Julius Schulz
- Department of Adipocyte Development and Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbruecke, 14558, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Raluca Aura Niesner
- Biophysical Analytics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Dynamic and Functional in vivo Imaging, Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Erika Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Immune Dynamics, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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48
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Wang Z, Han W, Shi R, Han X, Zheng Y, Xu J, Bu XH. Mechanoresponsive Flexible Crystals. JACS AU 2024; 4:279-300. [PMID: 38425899 PMCID: PMC10900217 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible crystals have gained significant attention owing to their remarkable pliability, plasticity, and adaptability, making them highly popular in various research and application fields. The main challenges in developing flexible crystals lie in the rational design, preparation, and performance optimization of such crystals. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental origins of crystal flexibility is crucial for establishing evaluation criteria and design principles. This Perspective offers a retrospective analysis of the development of flexible crystals over the past two decades. It summarizes the elastic standards and possible plastic bending mechanisms tailored to diverse flexible crystals and analyzes the assessment of their theoretical basis and applicability. Meanwhile, the compatibility between crystal elasticity and plasticity has been discussed, unveiling the immense prospects of elastic/plastic crystals for applications in biomedicine, flexible electronic devices, and flexible optics. Furthermore, this Perspective presents state-of-the-art experimental avenues and analysis methods for investigating molecular interactions in molecular crystals, which is vital for the future exploration of the mechanisms of crystal flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Shi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongshen Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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49
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Mester JR, Rozak MW, Dorr A, Goubran M, Sled JG, Stefanovic B. Network response of brain microvasculature to neuronal stimulation. Neuroimage 2024; 287:120512. [PMID: 38199427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2024.120512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC), or the adjustment of blood flow in response to local increases in neuronal activity is a hallmark of healthy brain function, and the physiological foundation for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, it remains only partly understood due to the high complexity of the structure and function of the cerebrovascular network. Here we set out to understand NVC at the network level, i.e. map cerebrovascular network reactivity to activation of neighbouring neurons within a 500×500×500 μm3 cortical volume (∼30 high-resolution 3-nL fMRI voxels). Using 3D two-photon fluorescence microscopy data, we quantified blood volume and flow changes in the brain vessels in response to spatially targeted optogenetic activation of cortical pyramidal neurons. We registered the vessels in a series of image stacks acquired before and after stimulations and applied a deep learning pipeline to segment the microvascular network from each time frame acquired. We then performed image analysis to extract the microvascular graphs, and graph analysis to identify the branch order of each vessel in the network, enabling the stratification of vessels by their branch order, designating branches 1-3 as precapillary arterioles and branches 4+ as capillaries. Forty-five percent of all vessels showed significant calibre changes; with 85 % of responses being dilations. The largest absolute CBV change was in the capillaries; the smallest, in the venules. Capillary CBV change was also the largest fraction of the total CBV change, but normalized to the baseline volume, arterioles and precapillary arterioles showed the biggest relative CBV change. From linescans along arteriole-venule microvascular paths, we measured red blood cell velocities and hematocrit, allowing for estimation of pressure and local resistance along these paths. While diameter changes following neuronal activation gradually declined along the paths; the pressure drops from arterioles to venules increased despite decreasing resistance: blood flow thus increased more than local resistance decreases would predict. By leveraging functional volumetric imaging and high throughput deep learning-based analysis, our study revealed distinct hemodynamic responses across the vessel types comprising the microvascular network. Our findings underscore the need for large, dense sampling of brain vessels for characterization of neurovascular coupling at the network level in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Mester
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew W Rozak
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrienne Dorr
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maged Goubran
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John G Sled
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mouse Imaging Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bojana Stefanovic
- University of Toronto, Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Sosa M, Plitt MH, Giocomo LM. Hippocampal sequences span experience relative to rewards. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.27.573490. [PMID: 38234842 PMCID: PMC10793396 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.27.573490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hippocampal place cells fire in sequences that span spatial environments and non-spatial modalities, suggesting that hippocampal activity can anchor to the most behaviorally salient aspects of experience. As reward is a highly salient event, we hypothesized that sequences of hippocampal activity can anchor to rewards. To test this, we performed two-photon imaging of hippocampal CA1 neurons as mice navigated virtual environments with changing hidden reward locations. When the reward moved, the firing fields of a subpopulation of cells moved to the same relative position with respect to reward, constructing a sequence of reward-relative cells that spanned the entire task structure. The density of these reward-relative sequences increased with task experience as additional neurons were recruited to the reward-relative population. Conversely, a largely separate subpopulation maintained a spatially-based place code. These findings thus reveal separate hippocampal ensembles can flexibly encode multiple behaviorally salient reference frames, reflecting the structure of the experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marielena Sosa
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark H. Plitt
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley; Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lisa M. Giocomo
- Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
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