1
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Aitken TJ, Liu Z, Ly T, Shehata S, Sivakumar N, La Santa Medina N, Gray LA, Zhang J, Dundar N, Barnes C, Knight ZA. Negative feedback control of hypothalamic feeding circuits by the taste of food. Neuron 2024:S0896-6273(24)00539-7. [PMID: 39153476 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
The rewarding taste of food is critical for motivating animals to eat, but whether taste has a parallel function in promoting meal termination is not well understood. Here, we show that hunger-promoting agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons are rapidly inhibited during each bout of ingestion by a signal linked to the taste of food. Blocking these transient dips in activity via closed-loop optogenetic stimulation increases food intake by selectively delaying the onset of satiety. We show that upstream leptin-receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHLepR) are tuned to respond to sweet or fatty tastes and exhibit time-locked activation during feeding that is the mirror image of downstream AgRP cells. These findings reveal an unexpected role for taste in the negative feedback control of ingestion. They also reveal a mechanism by which AgRP neurons, which are the primary cells that drive hunger, are able to influence the moment-by-moment dynamics of food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J Aitken
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zhengya Liu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Truong Ly
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah Shehata
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nilla Sivakumar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Naymalis La Santa Medina
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lindsay A Gray
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Jingkun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Naz Dundar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chris Barnes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary A Knight
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
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2
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Catalbas K, Pattnaik T, Congdon S, Nelson C, Villano LC, Sweeney P. Hypothalamic AgRP neurons regulate the hyperphagia of lactation. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101975. [PMID: 38925247 PMCID: PMC11268337 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lactational period is associated with profound hyperphagia to accommodate the energy demands of nursing. These changes are important for the long-term metabolic health of the mother and children as altered feeding during lactation increases the risk of mothers and offspring developing metabolic disorders later in life. However, the specific behavioral mechanisms and neural circuitry mediating the hyperphagia of lactation are incompletely understood. METHODS Here, we utilized home cage feeding devices to characterize the dynamics of feeding behavior in lactating mice. A combination of pharmacological and behavioral assays were utilized to determine how lactation alters meal structure, circadian aspects of feeding, hedonic feeding, and sensitivity to hunger and satiety signals in lactating mice. Finally, we utilized chemogenetic, immunohistochemical, and in vivo imaging approaches to characterize the role of hypothalamic agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons in lactational-hyperphagia. RESULTS The lactational period is associated with increased meal size, altered circadian patterns of feeding, reduced sensitivity to gut-brain satiety signals, and enhanced sensitivity to negative energy balance. Hypothalamic AgRP neurons display increased sensitivity to negative energy balance and altered in vivo activity during the lactational state. Further, using in vivo imaging approaches we demonstrate that AgRP neurons are directly activated by lactation. Chemogenetic inhibition of AgRP neurons acutely reduces feeding in lactating mice, demonstrating an important role for these neurons in lactational-hyperphagia. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results show that lactation collectively alters multiple components of feeding behavior and position AgRP neurons as an important cellular substrate mediating the hyperphagia of lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Catalbas
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Neuroscience Program, USA
| | - Tanya Pattnaik
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - Samuel Congdon
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - Christina Nelson
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - Lara C Villano
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, USA; University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Neuroscience Program, USA.
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3
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Kim KS, Park JS, Hwang E, Park MJ, Shin HY, Lee YH, Kim KM, Gautron L, Godschall E, Portillo B, Grose K, Jung SH, Baek SL, Yun YH, Lee D, Kim E, Ajwani J, Yoo SH, Güler AD, Williams KW, Choi HJ. GLP-1 increases preingestive satiation via hypothalamic circuits in mice and humans. Science 2024; 385:438-446. [PMID: 38935778 DOI: 10.1126/science.adj2537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are effective antiobesity drugs. However, the precise central mechanisms of GLP-1RAs remain elusive. We administered GLP-1RAs to patients with obesity and observed a heightened sense of preingestive satiation. Analysis of human and mouse brain samples pinpointed GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) as candidates for encoding preingestive satiation. Optogenetic manipulation of DMHGLP-1R neurons caused satiation. Calcium imaging demonstrated that these neurons are actively involved in encoding preingestive satiation. GLP-1RA administration increased the activity of DMHGLP-1R neurons selectively during eating behavior. We further identified that an intricate interplay between DMHGLP-1R neurons and neuropeptide Y/agouti-related peptide neurons of the arcuate nucleus (ARCNPY/AgRP neurons) occurs to regulate food intake. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic mechanism through which GLP-1RAs control preingestive satiation, offering previously unexplored neural targets for obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Sik Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Seok Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunsang Hwang
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Min Jung Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Yun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hee Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Laurent Gautron
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Bryan Portillo
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Kyle Grose
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sang-Ho Jung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - So Lin Baek
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Hyun Yun
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Eunseong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jason Ajwani
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Seong Ho Yoo
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali D Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, 101 Dabyeonbat-gil, Hwachon-myeon, Gangwon-do 25159, Republic of Korea
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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4
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Dahir NS, Gui Y, Wu Y, Sweeney PR, Rouault AA, Williams SY, Gimenez LE, Sawyer TK, Joy ST, Mapp AK, Cone RD. Subthreshold activation of the melanocortin system causes generalized sensitization to anorectic agents in mice. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e178250. [PMID: 39007271 PMCID: PMC11245150 DOI: 10.1172/jci178250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) regulates GABA release from agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals and thus tonically suppresses multiple circuits involved in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Here, we examined the role of the MC3R and the melanocortin system in regulating the response to various anorexigenic agents. The genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of the MC3R, or subthreshold doses of an MC4R agonist, improved the dose responsiveness to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists, as assayed by inhibition of food intake and weight loss. An enhanced anorectic response to the acute satiety factors peptide YY (PYY3-36) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and the long-term adipostatic factor leptin demonstrated that increased sensitivity to anorectic agents was a generalized result of MC3R antagonism. We observed enhanced neuronal activation in multiple hypothalamic nuclei using Fos IHC following low-dose liraglutide in MC3R-KO mice (Mc3r-/-), supporting the hypothesis that the MC3R is a negative regulator of circuits that control multiple aspects of feeding behavior. The enhanced anorectic response in Mc3r-/- mice after administration of GLP1 analogs was also independent of the incretin effects and malaise induced by GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) analogs, suggesting that MC3R antagonists or MC4R agonists may have value in enhancing the dose-response range of obesity therapeutics.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Appetite Depressants/pharmacology
- Cholecystokinin/metabolism
- Eating/drug effects
- Glucagon-Like Peptide 1/metabolism
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Leptin/metabolism
- Liraglutide/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptide YY/metabolism
- Peptide YY/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 3/agonists
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/metabolism
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/genetics
- Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4/agonists
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima S. Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanan Wu
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Patrick R. Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Alix A.J. Rouault
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna K. Mapp
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Chemistry, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Life Sciences Institute
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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5
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Webster AN, Becker JJ, Li C, Schwalbe DC, Kerspern D, Karolczak EO, Godschall EN, Belmont-Rausch DM, Pers TH, Lutas A, Habib N, Güler AD, Krashes MJ, Campbell JN. Molecular Connectomics Reveals a Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Sensitive Neural Circuit for Satiety. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.31.564990. [PMID: 37961449 PMCID: PMC10635031 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.31.564990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Liraglutide and other agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1RAs) are effective weight loss drugs, but how they suppress appetite remains unclear. One potential mechanism is by activating neurons which inhibit hunger-promoting Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons of the arcuate hypothalamus (Arc). To identify these afferents, we developed a method combining rabies-based connectomics with single-nuclei transcriptomics. Applying this method to AgRP neurons predicted at least 21 afferent subtypes in the mouse mediobasal and paraventricular hypothalamus. Among these are Trh+ Arc neurons, inhibitory neurons which express the Glp1r gene and are activated by the GLP-1RA liraglutide. Activating Trh+ Arc neurons inhibits AgRP neurons and feeding in an AgRP neuron-dependent manner. Silencing Trh+ Arc neurons causes over-eating and weight gain and attenuates liraglutide's effect on body weight. Our results demonstrate a widely applicable method for molecular connectomics, comprehensively identify local inputs to AgRP neurons, and reveal a circuit through which GLP-1RAs suppress appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison N. Webster
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Jordan J. Becker
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Chia Li
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Dana C. Schwalbe
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Damien Kerspern
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Eva O. Karolczak
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | | | | | - Tune H. Pers
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - Naomi Habib
- Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Krashes
- Section on Motivational Processes Underlying Appetite, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, U.S.A
| | - John N. Campbell
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, U.S.A
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6
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Guan D, Men Y, Bartlett A, Hernández MAS, Xu J, Yi X, Li HS, Kong D, Mazitschek R, Ozcan U. Central inhibition of HDAC6 re-sensitizes leptin signaling during obesity to induce profound weight loss. Cell Metab 2024; 36:857-876.e10. [PMID: 38569472 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Leptin resistance during excess weight gain significantly contributes to the recidivism of obesity to leptin-based pharmacological therapies. The mechanisms underlying the inhibition of leptin receptor (LepR) signaling during obesity are still elusive. Here, we report that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) interacts with LepR, reducing the latter's activity, and that pharmacological inhibition of HDAC6 activity disrupts this interaction and augments leptin signaling. Treatment of diet-induced obese mice with blood-brain barrier (BBB)-permeable HDAC6 inhibitors profoundly reduces food intake and leads to potent weight loss without affecting the muscle mass. Genetic depletion of Hdac6 in Agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons or administration with BBB-impermeable HDAC6 inhibitors results in a lack of such anti-obesity effect. Together, these findings represent the first report describing a mechanistically validated and pharmaceutically tractable therapeutic approach to directly increase LepR activity as well as identifying centrally but not peripherally acting HDAC6 inhibitors as potent leptin sensitizers and anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxian Guan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yuqin Men
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Bartlett
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jie Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinchi Yi
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hu-Song Li
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dong Kong
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Systems Biology, Boston, MA, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Umut Ozcan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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7
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Harvey T, Rios M. The Role of BDNF and TrkB in the Central Control of Energy and Glucose Balance: An Update. Biomolecules 2024; 14:424. [PMID: 38672441 PMCID: PMC11048226 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The global rise in obesity and related health issues, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is alarming. Gaining a deeper insight into the central neural pathways and mechanisms that regulate energy and glucose homeostasis is crucial for developing effective interventions to combat this debilitating condition. A significant body of evidence from studies in humans and rodents indicates that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling plays a key role in regulating feeding, energy expenditure, and glycemic control. BDNF is a highly conserved neurotrophin that signals via the tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) receptor to facilitate neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity and function. Recent studies have shed light on the mechanisms through which BDNF influences energy and glucose balance. This review will cover our current understanding of the brain regions, neural circuits, and cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the metabolic actions of BDNF and TrkB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Harvey
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Maribel Rios
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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8
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Price NL, Fernández-Tussy P, Varela L, Cardelo MP, Shanabrough M, Aryal B, de Cabo R, Suárez Y, Horvath TL, Fernández-Hernando C. microRNA-33 controls hunger signaling in hypothalamic AgRP neurons. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2131. [PMID: 38459068 PMCID: PMC10923783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
AgRP neurons drive hunger, and excessive nutrient intake is the primary driver of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. While many factors impacting central regulation of feeding behavior have been established, the role of microRNAs in this process is poorly understood. Utilizing unique mouse models, we demonstrate that miR-33 plays a critical role in the regulation of AgRP neurons, and that loss of miR-33 leads to increased feeding, obesity, and metabolic dysfunction in mice. These effects include the regulation of multiple miR-33 target genes involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acid metabolism. Our findings elucidate a key regulatory pathway regulated by a non-coding RNA that impacts hunger by controlling multiple bioenergetic processes associated with the activation of AgRP neurons, providing alternative therapeutic approaches to modulate feeding behavior and associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Price
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Pablo Fernández-Tussy
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Luis Varela
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Laboratory of Glia -Neuron Interactions in the control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain
| | - Magdalena P Cardelo
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marya Shanabrough
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Binod Aryal
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Laboratory of Glia -Neuron Interactions in the control of Hunger. Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, 48940, Leioa, Vizcaya, Spain.
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Vizcaya, Spain.
- Department of Neuroscience. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Yale Center for Molecular and System Metabolism. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Pathology. Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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9
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Riera CE. Wiring the Brain for Wellness: Sensory Integration in Feeding and Thermogenesis: A Report on Research Supported by Pathway to Stop Diabetes. Diabetes 2024; 73:338-347. [PMID: 38377445 PMCID: PMC10882152 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The recognition of sensory signals from within the body (interoceptive) and from the external environment (exteroceptive), along with the integration of these cues by the central nervous system, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance. This orchestration is vital for regulating processes related to both food intake and energy expenditure. Animal model studies indicate that manipulating specific populations of neurons in the central nervous system which influence these processes can effectively modify energy balance. This body of work presents an opportunity for the development of innovative weight loss therapies for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this overview, we delve into the sensory cues and the neuronal populations responsible for their integration, exploring their potential in the development of weight loss treatments for obesity and type 2 diabetes. This article is the first in a series of Perspectives that report on research funded by the American Diabetes Association Pathway to Stop Diabetes program. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline E. Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
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10
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Lorch CM, Hayes NW, Xia JL, Fleps SW, McMorrow HE, Province HS, Frydman JA, Parker JG, Beutler LR. Sucrose overconsumption impairs AgRP neuron dynamics and promotes palatable food intake. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113675. [PMID: 38224492 PMCID: PMC10922425 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rapid gut-brain communication is critical to maintain energy balance and is disrupted in diet-induced obesity. In particular, the role of carbohydrate overconsumption in the regulation of interoceptive circuits in vivo requires further investigation. Here, we report that an obesogenic high-sucrose diet (HSD) selectively blunts silencing of hunger-promoting agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons following intragastric delivery of glucose, whereas we previously showed that overconsumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) selectively attenuates lipid-induced neural silencing. By contrast, both HSD and HFD reversibly dampen rapid AgRP neuron inhibition following chow presentation and promote intake of more palatable foods. Our findings reveal that excess sugar and fat pathologically modulate feeding circuit activity in both macronutrient-dependent and -independent ways and thus may additively exacerbate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn M Lorch
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nikolas W Hayes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jessica L Xia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Stefan W Fleps
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Hayley E McMorrow
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Haley S Province
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Interdepartmental Neuroscience Graduate Program, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua A Frydman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jones G Parker
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lisa R Beutler
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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11
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Sayar-Atasoy N, Yavuz Y, Laule C, Dong C, Kim H, Rysted J, Flippo K, Davis D, Aklan I, Yilmaz B, Tian L, Atasoy D. Opioidergic signaling contributes to food-mediated suppression of AgRP neurons. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113630. [PMID: 38165803 PMCID: PMC10865729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Opioids are generally known to promote hedonic food consumption. Although much of the existing evidence is primarily based on studies of the mesolimbic pathway, endogenous opioids and their receptors are widely expressed in hypothalamic appetite circuits as well; however, their role in homeostatic feeding remains unclear. Using a fluorescent opioid sensor, deltaLight, here we report that mediobasal hypothalamic opioid levels increase by feeding, which directly and indirectly inhibits agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons through the μ-opioid receptor (MOR). AgRP-specific MOR expression increases by energy surfeit and contributes to opioid-induced suppression of appetite. Conversely, its antagonists diminish suppression of AgRP neuron activity by food and satiety hormones. Mice with AgRP neuron-specific ablation of MOR expression have increased fat preference without increased motivation. These results suggest that post-ingestion release of endogenous opioids contributes to AgRP neuron inhibition to shape food choice through MOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Connor Laule
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chunyang Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Jacob Rysted
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle Flippo
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Debbie Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul 34755, Turkey
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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12
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Wee RWS, Mishchanchuk K, AlSubaie R, Church TW, Gold MG, MacAskill AF. Internal-state-dependent control of feeding behavior via hippocampal ghrelin signaling. Neuron 2024; 112:288-305.e7. [PMID: 37977151 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Hunger is an internal state that not only invigorates feeding but also acts as a contextual cue for higher-order control of anticipatory feeding-related behavior. The ventral hippocampus is crucial for differentiating optimal behavior across contexts, but how internal contexts such as hunger influence hippocampal circuitry is unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of the ventral hippocampus during feeding behavior across different states of hunger in mice. We found that activity of a unique subpopulation of neurons that project to the nucleus accumbens (vS-NAc neurons) increased when animals investigated food, and this activity inhibited the transition to begin eating. Increases in the level of the peripheral hunger hormone ghrelin reduced vS-NAc activity during this anticipatory phase of feeding via ghrelin-receptor-dependent increases in postsynaptic inhibition and promoted the initiation of eating. Together, these experiments define a ghrelin-sensitive hippocampal circuit that informs the decision to eat based on internal state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W S Wee
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karyna Mishchanchuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rawan AlSubaie
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Timothy W Church
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew G Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew F MacAskill
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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13
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Andrews ZB. Daily feeding entrains hunger-sensing neurons. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:10-12. [PMID: 37990115 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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14
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Ameroso D, Rios M. Synaptic plasticity and the role of astrocytes in central metabolic circuits. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1632. [PMID: 37833830 PMCID: PMC10842964 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Neural circuits in the brain, primarily in the hypothalamus, are paramount to the homeostatic control of feeding and energy utilization. They integrate hunger, satiety, and body adiposity cues from the periphery and mediate the appropriate behavioral and physiological responses to satisfy the energy demands of the animal. Notably, perturbations in central homeostatic circuits have been linked to the etiology of excessive feeding and obesity. Considering the ever-changing energy requirements of the animal and required adaptations, it is not surprising that brain-feeding circuits remain plastic in adulthood and are subject to changes in synaptic strength as a consequence of nutritional status. Indeed, synapse density, probability of presynaptic transmitter release, and postsynaptic responses in hypothalamic energy balance centers are tailored to behavioral and physiological responses required to sustain survival. Mounting evidence supports key roles of astrocytes facilitating some of this plasticity. Here we discuss these synaptic plasticity mechanisms and the emerging roles of astrocytes influencing energy and glucose balance control in health and disease. This article is categorized under: Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology Neurological Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ameroso
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Maribel Rios
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111
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15
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Sayar-Atasoy N, Aklan I, Yavuz Y, Laule C, Kim H, Rysted J, Alp MI, Davis D, Yilmaz B, Atasoy D. AgRP neurons encode circadian feeding time. Nat Neurosci 2024; 27:102-115. [PMID: 37957320 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01482-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Food intake follows a predictable daily pattern and synchronizes metabolic rhythms. Neurons expressing agouti-related protein (AgRP) read out physiological energetic state and elicit feeding, but the regulation of these neurons across daily timescales is poorly understood. Using a combination of neuron dynamics measurements and timed optogenetic activation in mice, we show that daily AgRP-neuron activity was not fully consistent with existing models of homeostatic regulation. Instead of operating as a 'deprivation counter', AgRP-neuron activity primarily followed the circadian rest-activity cycle through a process that required an intact suprachiasmatic nucleus and synchronization by light. Imposing novel feeding patterns through time-restricted food access or periodic AgRP-neuron stimulation was sufficient to resynchronize the daily AgRP-neuron activity rhythm and drive anticipatory-like behavior through a process that required DMHPDYN neurons. These results indicate that AgRP neurons integrate time-of-day information of past feeding experience with current metabolic needs to predict circadian feeding time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilufer Sayar-Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Iltan Aklan
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Connor Laule
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Hyojin Kim
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jacob Rysted
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Muhammed Ikbal Alp
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Debbie Davis
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Atasoy
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center (FOEDRC), Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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16
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Xu L, Lin W, Zheng Y, Wang Y, Chen Z. The Diverse Network of Brain Histamine in Feeding: Dissect its Functions in a Circuit-Specific Way. Curr Neuropharmacol 2024; 22:241-259. [PMID: 36424776 PMCID: PMC10788888 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221117153755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding is an intrinsic and important behavior regulated by complex molecular, cellular and circuit-level mechanisms, one of which is the brain histaminergic network. In the past decades, many studies have provided a foundation of knowledge about the relationship between feeding and histamine receptors, which are deemed to have therapeutic potential but are not successful in treating feeding- related diseases. Indeed, the histaminergic circuits underlying feeding are poorly understood and characterized. This review describes current knowledge of histamine in feeding at the receptor level. Further, we provide insight into putative histamine-involved feeding circuits based on the classic feeding circuits. Understanding the histaminergic network in a circuit-specific way may be therapeutically relevant for increasing the drug specificity and precise treatment in feeding-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Xu
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenkai Lin
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanrong Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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17
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Song J, Choi SY. Arcuate Nucleus of the Hypothalamus: Anatomy, Physiology, and Diseases. Exp Neurobiol 2023; 32:371-386. [PMID: 38196133 PMCID: PMC10789173 DOI: 10.5607/en23040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The hypothalamus is part of the diencephalon and has several nuclei, one of which is the arcuate nucleus. The arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus (ARH) consists of neuroendocrine neurons and centrally-projecting neurons. The ARH is the center where the homeostasis of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction are maintained. As such, dysfunction of the ARH can lead to disorders of nutrition/metabolism and reproduction. Here, we review various types of neurons in the ARH and several genetic disorders caused by mutations in the ARH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Seok-Yong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
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18
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Dahir NS, Gui Y, Wu Y, Sweeney PR, Williams SY, Gimenez LE, Sawyer TK, Joy ST, Mapp AK, Cone RD. Inhibition of the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) causes generalized sensitization to anorectic agents. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.05.570114. [PMID: 38106197 PMCID: PMC10723368 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.05.570114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) acts presynaptically to regulate GABA release from agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals and thus may be a negative regulator of multiple circuits involved in feeding behavior and energy homeostasis. Here, we examined the role of MC3R in regulating the response to various anorexigenic agents. Our findings reveal that genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of MC3R improves the dose responsiveness to Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) agonists, as assayed by inhibition of food intake and weight loss. An enhanced anorectic response to other agents, including the acute satiety factors peptide YY (PYY3-36) and cholecystokinin (CCK) and the long-term adipostatic factor, leptin, demonstrated that increased sensitivity to anorectic agents is a generalized result of MC3R antagonism. Enhanced neuronal activation in multiple nuclei, including ARH, VMH, and DMH, was observed using Fos immunohistochemistry following low-dose liraglutide in MC3R knockout mice (Mc3r-/-), supporting the hypothesis that the MC3R is a negative regulator of circuits regulating multiple aspects of feeding behavior. The enhanced anorectic response in Mc3r -/- mice after administration of GLP1 analogs was also independent of the incretin effects and malaise induced by GLP1R analogs, suggesting that MC3R antagonists may have value in enhancing the dose-response range of obesity therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima S. Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Yanan Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Patrick R. Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL
| | | | - Luis E. Gimenez
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Tomi K. Sawyer
- Courage Therapeutics, 64 Homer Street, Newton, Massachusetts 02459, United States
| | - Stephen T. Joy
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anna K. Mapp
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Department of Chemistry, School of Literature, Science, and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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19
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Aitken TJ, Ly T, Shehata S, Sivakumar N, Medina NLS, Gray LA, Dundar N, Barnes C, Knight ZA. Negative feedback control of hunger circuits by the taste of food. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.30.569492. [PMID: 38077047 PMCID: PMC10705440 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.30.569492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The rewarding taste of food is critical for motivating animals to eat, but whether taste has a parallel function in promoting meal termination is not well understood. Here we show that hunger-promoting AgRP neurons are rapidly inhibited during each bout of ingestion by a signal linked to the taste of food. Blocking these transient dips in activity via closed-loop optogenetic stimulation increases food intake by selectively delaying the onset of satiety. We show that upstream leptin receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMHLepR) are tuned to respond to sweet or fatty tastes and exhibit time-locked activation during feeding that is the mirror image of downstream AgRP cells. These findings reveal an unexpected role for taste in the negative feedback control of ingestion. They also reveal a mechanism by which AgRP neurons, which are the primary cells that drive hunger, are able to influence the moment-by-moment dynamics of food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara J Aitken
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Truong Ly
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sarah Shehata
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nilla Sivakumar
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Naymalis La Santa Medina
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Lindsay A Gray
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Naz Dundar
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Chris Barnes
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Zachary A Knight
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Kavli Institute for Fundamental Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Francisco; San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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20
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So WL, Hu J, Jeffs L, Dempsey H, Lockie SH, Zigman JM, Stark R, Reichenbach A, Andrews ZB. Ghrelin signalling in AgRP neurons links metabolic state to the sensory regulation of AgRP neural activity. Mol Metab 2023; 78:101826. [PMID: 37898450 PMCID: PMC10643323 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The sensory detection of food and food cues suppresses Agouti related peptide (AgRP) neuronal activity prior to consumption with greatest suppression occurring in response to highly caloric food or interoceptive energy need. However, the interoceptive mechanisms priming an appropriate AgRP neural response to external sensory information of food availability remain unexplored. Since hunger increases plasma ghrelin, we hypothesized that ghrelin receptor (GHSR) signalling on AgRP neurons is a key interoceptive mechanism integrating energy need with external sensory cues predicting caloric availability. METHODS We used in vivo photometry to measure the effects of ghrelin administration or fasting on AgRP neural activity with GCaMP6s and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with GRAB-DA in mice lacking ghrelin receptors in AgRP neurons. RESULTS The deletion of GHSR on AgRP neurons prevented ghrelin-induced food intake, motivation and AgRP activity. The presentation of food (peanut butter pellet) or a wooden dowel suppressed AgRP activity in fasted WT but not mice lacking GHSRs in AgRP neurons. Similarly, peanut butter and a wooden dowel increased dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens after ip ghrelin injection in WT but not mice lacking GHSRs in AgRP neurons. No difference in dopamine release was observed in fasted mice. Finally, ip ghrelin administration did not directly increase dopamine neural activity in the ventral tegmental area. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AgRP GHSRs integrate an interoceptive state of energy need with external sensory information to produce an optimal change in AgRP neural activity. Thus, ghrelin signalling on AgRP neurons is more than just a feedback signal to increase AgRP activity during hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Lok So
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jiachen Hu
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lotus Jeffs
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Dempsey
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Mental Health Division, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah H Lockie
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Zigman
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Reichenbach
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Li SY, Cao JJ, Tan K, Fan L, Wang YQ, Shen ZX, Li SS, Wu C, Zhou H, Xu HT. CRH neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area regulate feeding behavior of mice. Curr Biol 2023; 33:4827-4843.e7. [PMID: 37848038 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Food cues serve as pivotal triggers for eliciting physiological responses that subsequently influence food consumption. The magnitude of response induced by these cues stands as a critical determinant in the context of obesity risk. Nonetheless, the underlying neural mechanism that underpins how cues associated with edible food potentiate feeding behaviors remains uncertain. In this study, we revealed that corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-expressing neurons in the lateral hypothalamic area played a crucial role in promoting consummatory behaviors in mice, shedding light on this intricate process. By employing an array of diverse assays, we initially established the activation of these neurons during feeding. Manipulations using optogenetic and chemogenetic assays revealed that their activation amplified appetite and promoted feeding behaviors, whereas inhibition decreased them. Additionally, our investigation identified downstream targets, including the ventral tegmental area, and underscored the pivotal involvement of the CRH neuropeptide itself in orchestrating this regulatory network. This research casts a clarifying light on the neural mechanism underlying the augmentation of appetite and the facilitation of feeding behaviors in response to food cues. VIDEO ABSTRACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yun Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing-Juan Cao
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kang Tan
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liu Fan
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Ya-Qian Wang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Shen
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuai-Shuai Li
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chao Wu
- Institute of Neuroscience and State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hua-Tai Xu
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, 555 Qiangye Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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22
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Mirabella PN, Fenselau H. Advanced neurobiological tools to interrogate metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2023; 19:639-654. [PMID: 37674015 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-023-00885-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Engineered neurobiological tools for the manipulation of cellular activity, such as chemogenetics and optogenetics, have become a cornerstone of modern neuroscience research. These tools are invaluable for the interrogation of the central control of metabolism as they provide a direct means to establish a causal relationship between brain activity and biological processes at the cellular, tissue and organismal levels. The utility of these methods has grown substantially due to advances in cellular-targeting strategies, alongside improvements in the resolution and potency of such tools. Furthermore, the potential to recapitulate endogenous cellular signalling has been enriched by insights into the molecular signatures and activity dynamics of discrete brain cell types. However, each modulatory tool has a specific set of advantages and limitations; therefore, tool selection and suitability are of paramount importance to optimally interrogate the cellular and circuit-based underpinnings of metabolic outcomes within the organism. Here, we describe the key principles and uses of engineered neurobiological tools. We also highlight inspiring applications and outline critical considerations to be made when using these tools within the field of metabolism research. We contend that the appropriate application of these biotechnological advances will enable the delineation of the central circuitry regulating systemic metabolism with unprecedented potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nicholas Mirabella
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany.
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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23
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Reed F, Reichenbach A, Dempsey H, Clarke RE, Mequinion M, Stark R, Rawlinson S, Foldi CJ, Lockie SH, Andrews ZB. Acute inhibition of hunger-sensing AgRP neurons promotes context-specific learning in mice. Mol Metab 2023; 77:101803. [PMID: 37690518 PMCID: PMC10523265 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An environmental context, which reliably predicts food availability, can increase the appetitive food drive within the same environment context. However, hunger is required for the development of such a context-induced feeding (CIF) response, suggesting the neural circuits sensitive to hunger link an internal energy state with a particular environment context. Since Agouti related peptide (AgRP) neurons are activated by energy deficit, we hypothesised that AgRP neurons are both necessary and sufficient to drive CIF. METHODS To examine the role of AgRP neurons in the CIF process, we used fibre photometry with GCaMP7f, chemogenetic activation of AgRP neurons, as well as optogenetic control of AgRP neurons to facilitate acute temporal control not permitted with chemogenetics. RESULTS A CIF response at test was only observed when mice were fasted during context training and AgRP population activity at test showed an attenuated inhibitory response to food, suggesting increased food-seeking and/or decreased satiety signalling drives the increased feeding response at test. Intriguingly, chemogenetic activation of AgRP neurons during context training did not increase CIF, suggesting precise temporal firing properties may be required. Indeed, termination of AgRP neuronal photostimulation during context training (ON-OFF in context), in the presence or absence of food, increased CIF. Moreover, photoinhibition of AgRP neurons during context training in fasted mice was sufficient to drive a subsequent CIF in the absence of food. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that AgRP neurons regulate the acquisition of CIF when the acute inhibition of AgRP activity is temporally matched to context exposure. These results establish acute AgRP inhibition as a salient neural event underscoring the effect of hunger on associative learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Reed
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Reichenbach
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Harry Dempsey
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel E Clarke
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Mathieu Mequinion
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Romana Stark
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sasha Rawlinson
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claire J Foldi
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah H Lockie
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zane B Andrews
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia.
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24
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Gui Y, Dahir NS, Wu Y, Downing G, Sweeney P, Cone RD. Melanocortin-3 receptor expression in AgRP neurons is required for normal activation of the neurons in response to energy deficiency. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113188. [PMID: 37792535 PMCID: PMC10728878 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on agouti-related protein (AgRP) nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. However, MC3R knockout (KO) mice also exhibit defective behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to fasting. Here, we demonstrate that MC3R KO mice exhibit defective activation of AgRP neurons in response to fasting, cold exposure, or ghrelin while exhibiting normal inhibition of AgRP neurons by sensory detection of food in the ad libitum-fed state. Using a conditional MC3R KO model, we show that the control of AgRP neuron activation by fasting and ghrelin requires the specific presence of MC3R within AgRP neurons. Thus, MC3R is a crucial player in the responsiveness of the AgRP soma to both hormonal and neuronal signals of energy need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Gui
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Naima S Dahir
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Yanan Wu
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Griffin Downing
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA
| | - Patrick Sweeney
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801-3633, USA
| | - Roger D Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2216, USA.
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25
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Rupp AC, Tomlinson AJ, Affinati AH, Yacawych WT, Duensing AM, True C, Lindsley SR, Kirigiti MA, MacKenzie A, Polex-Wolf J, Li C, Knudsen LB, Seeley RJ, Olson DP, Kievit P, Myers MG. Suppression of food intake by Glp1r/Lepr-coexpressing neurons prevents obesity in mouse models. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e157515. [PMID: 37581939 PMCID: PMC10541203 DOI: 10.1172/jci157515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The adipose-derived hormone leptin acts via its receptor (LepRb) in the brain to control energy balance. A potentially unidentified population of GABAergic hypothalamic LepRb neurons plays key roles in the restraint of food intake and body weight by leptin. To identify markers for candidate populations of LepRb neurons in an unbiased manner, we performed single-nucleus RNA-Seq of enriched mouse hypothalamic LepRb cells, identifying several previously unrecognized populations of hypothalamic LepRb neurons. Many of these populations displayed strong conservation across species, including GABAergic Glp1r-expressing LepRb (LepRbGlp1r) neurons, which expressed more Lepr than other LepRb cell populations. Ablating Lepr from LepRbGlp1r cells provoked hyperphagic obesity without impairing energy expenditure. Similarly, improvements in energy balance caused by Lepr reactivation in GABA neurons of otherwise Lepr-null mice required Lepr expression in GABAergic Glp1r-expressing neurons. Furthermore, restoration of Glp1r expression in LepRbGlp1r neurons in otherwise Glp1r-null mice enabled food intake suppression by the GLP1R agonist, liraglutide. Thus, the conserved GABAergic LepRbGlp1r neuron population plays crucial roles in the suppression of food intake by leptin and GLP1R agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Warren T. Yacawych
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison M. Duensing
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cadence True
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Chien Li
- Novo Nordisk, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - David P. Olson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Martin G. Myers
- Department of Internal Medicine and
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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26
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Iosif CI, Bashir ZI, Apps R, Pickford J. Cerebellar Prediction and Feeding Behaviour. CEREBELLUM (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 22:1002-1019. [PMID: 36121552 PMCID: PMC10485105 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance of the cerebellum in controlling movements, it might be expected that its main role in eating would be the control of motor elements such as chewing and swallowing. Whilst such functions are clearly important, there is more to eating than these actions, and more to the cerebellum than motor control. This review will present evidence that the cerebellum contributes to homeostatic, motor, rewarding and affective aspects of food consumption.Prediction and feedback underlie many elements of eating, as food consumption is influenced by expectation. For example, circadian clocks cause hunger in anticipation of a meal, and food consumption causes feedback signals which induce satiety. Similarly, the sight and smell of food generate an expectation of what that food will taste like, and its actual taste will generate an internal reward value which will be compared to that expectation. Cerebellar learning is widely thought to involve feed-forward predictions to compare expected outcomes to sensory feedback. We therefore propose that the overarching role of the cerebellum in eating is to respond to prediction errors arising across the homeostatic, motor, cognitive, and affective domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana I Iosif
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
| | - Zafar I Bashir
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Richard Apps
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Jasmine Pickford
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
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27
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Zapata RC, Zhang D, Yoon D, Nasamran CA, Chilin-Fuentes DR, Libster A, Chaudry BS, Lopez-Valencia M, Ponnalagu D, Singh H, Petrascheck M, Osborn O. Targeting Clic1 for the treatment of obesity: A novel therapeutic strategy to reduce food intake and body weight. Mol Metab 2023; 76:101794. [PMID: 37604246 PMCID: PMC10480059 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite great advances in obesity therapeutics in recent years, there is still a need to identify additional therapeutic targets for the treatment of this disease. We previously discovered a signature of genes, including Chloride intracellular channel 1 (Clic1), whose expression was associated with drug-induced weight gain, and in these studies, we assess the effect of Clic1 inhibition on food intake and body weight in mice. METHODS We studied the impact of Clic1 inhibition in mouse models of binge-eating, diet-induced obese mice and genetic models of obesity (Magel2 KO mice). RESULTS Clic1 knockout (KO) mice ate significantly less and had a lower body weight than WT littermates when either fed chow or high fat diet. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Clic1 in diet-induced obese mice resulted in suppression of food intake and promoted highly efficacious weight loss. Clic1 inhibition also reduced food intake in binge-eating models and hyperphagic Magel2 KO mice. We observed that chronic obesity resulted in a significant change in subcellular localization of Clic1 with an increased ratio of Clic1 in the membrane in the obese state. These observations provide a novel therapeutic strategy to block Clic1 translocation as a potential mechanism to reduce food intake and lower body weight. CONCLUSIONS These studies attribute a novel role of Clic1 as a driver of food intake and overconsumption. In summary, we have identified hypothalamic expression of Clic1 plays a key role in food intake, providing a novel therapeutic target to treat overconsumption that is the root cause of modern obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizaldy C Zapata
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dinghong Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dongmin Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Chanond A Nasamran
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daisy R Chilin-Fuentes
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Avraham Libster
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Besma S Chaudry
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Mariela Lopez-Valencia
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Devasena Ponnalagu
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Harpreet Singh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA; Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael Petrascheck
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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28
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Brüning JC, Fenselau H. Integrative neurocircuits that control metabolism and food intake. Science 2023; 381:eabl7398. [PMID: 37769095 DOI: 10.1126/science.abl7398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Systemic metabolism has to be constantly adjusted to the variance of food intake and even be prepared for anticipated changes in nutrient availability. Therefore, the brain integrates multiple homeostatic signals with numerous cues that predict future deviations in energy supply. Recently, our understanding of the neural pathways underlying these regulatory principles-as well as their convergence in the hypothalamus as the key coordinator of food intake, energy expenditure, and glucose metabolism-have been revealed. These advances have changed our view of brain-dependent control of metabolic physiology. In this Review, we discuss new concepts about how alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of prevalent metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and how this emerging knowledge may provide new targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens C Brüning
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- National Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Policlinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Preventive Medicine (PEDP), University Hospital Cologne, 50924 Cologne, Germany
- Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD) and Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Research Group Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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29
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de Araujo Salgado I, Li C, Burnett CJ, Rodriguez Gonzalez S, Becker JJ, Horvath A, Earnest T, Kravitz AV, Krashes MJ. Toggling between food-seeking and self-preservation behaviors via hypothalamic response networks. Neuron 2023; 111:2899-2917.e6. [PMID: 37442130 PMCID: PMC10528369 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Motivated behaviors are often studied in isolation to assess labeled lines of neural connections underlying innate actions. However, in nature, multiple systems compete for expression of goal-directed behaviors via complex neural networks. Here, we examined flexible survival decisions in animals tasked with food seeking under predation threat. We found that predator exposure rapidly induced physiological, neuronal, and behavioral adaptations in mice highlighted by reduced food seeking and consumption contingent on current threat level. Diminishing conflict via internal state or external environment perturbations shifted feeding strategies. Predator introduction and/or selective manipulation of danger-responsive cholecystokinin (Cck) cells of the dorsal premammilary nucleus (PMd) suppressed hunger-sensitive Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) neurons, providing a mechanism for threat-evoked hypophagia. Increased caloric need enhanced food seeking under duress through AgRP pathways to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and/or lateral hypothalamus (LH). Our results suggest oscillating interactions between systems underlying self-preservation and food seeking to promote optimal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de Araujo Salgado
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chia Li
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - C Joseph Burnett
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shakira Rodriguez Gonzalez
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jordan J Becker
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Allison Horvath
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas Earnest
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alexxai V Kravitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Krashes
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
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30
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Tang Q, Godschall E, Brennan CD, Zhang Q, Abraham-Fan RJ, Williams SP, Güngül TB, Onoharigho R, Buyukaksakal A, Salinas R, Sajonia IR, Olivieri JJ, Calhan OY, Deppmann CD, Campbell JN, Podyma B, Güler AD. Leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus input to the circadian feeding network. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh9570. [PMID: 37624889 PMCID: PMC10456850 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh9570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Salient cues, such as the rising sun or availability of food, entrain biological clocks for behavioral adaptation. The mechanisms underlying entrainment to food availability remain elusive. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing during scheduled feeding, we identified a dorsomedial hypothalamus leptin receptor-expressing (DMHLepR) neuron population that up-regulates circadian entrainment genes and exhibits calcium activity before an anticipated meal. Exogenous leptin, silencing, or chemogenetic stimulation of DMHLepR neurons disrupts the development of molecular and behavioral food entrainment. Repetitive DMHLepR neuron activation leads to the partitioning of a secondary bout of circadian locomotor activity that is in phase with the stimulation and dependent on an intact suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Last, we found a DMHLepR neuron subpopulation that projects to the SCN with the capacity to influence the phase of the circadian clock. This direct DMHLepR-SCN connection is well situated to integrate the metabolic and circadian systems, facilitating mealtime anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Elizabeth Godschall
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Charles D. Brennan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Sydney P. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Taha Buğra Güngül
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Roberta Onoharigho
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Aleyna Buyukaksakal
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ricardo Salinas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Isabelle R. Sajonia
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Joey J. Olivieri
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - O. Yipkin Calhan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - John N. Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Brandon Podyma
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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Jovanovic P, Pool AH, Morones N, Wang Y, Novinbakht E, Keshishian N, Jang K, Oka Y, Riera CE. A sex-specific thermogenic neurocircuit induced by predator smell recruiting cholecystokinin neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4937. [PMID: 37582805 PMCID: PMC10427624 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Olfactory cues are vital for prey animals like rodents to perceive and evade predators. Stress-induced hyperthermia, via brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis, boosts physical performance and facilitates escape. However, many aspects of this response, including thermogenic control and sex-specific effects, remain enigmatic. Our study unveils that the predator odor trimethylthiazoline (TMT) elicits BAT thermogenesis, suppresses feeding, and drives glucocorticoid release in female mice. Chemogenetic stimulation of olfactory bulb (OB) mitral cells recapitulates the thermogenic output of this response and associated stress hormone corticosterone release in female mice. Neuronal projections from OB to medial amygdala (MeA) and dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) exhibit female-specific cFos activity toward odors. Cell sorting and single-cell RNA-sequencing of DMH identify cholecystokinin (CCK)-expressing neurons as recipients of predator odor cues. Chemogenetic manipulation and neuronal silencing of DMHCCK neurons further implicate these neurons in the propagation of predator odor-associated thermogenesis and food intake suppression, highlighting their role in female stress-induced hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Jovanovic
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Allan-Hermann Pool
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Management, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nancy Morones
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yidan Wang
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Edward Novinbakht
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Nareg Keshishian
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Jang
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Yuki Oka
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Celine E Riera
- Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 South San Vicente Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA.
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32
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Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3185572. [PMID: 37546985 PMCID: PMC10402269 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3185572/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP. How cAMP integrates opposing peptide signals to regulate energy balance, and the in vivo spatiotemporal dynamics of endogenous peptidergic signaling, remain largely unknown. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVHMC4R). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. Release of either peptide impacts a ~100 μm diameter region, and when these peptide signals overlap, they compete to control cAMP. The competition is reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients: hunger peptides are more efficacious in the fasted state, satiety peptides in the fed state. Feeding resolves the competition by simultaneously elevating αMSH release and suppressing NPY release, thereby sustaining elevated cAMP in PVHMC4R neurons. In turn, cAMP potentiates feeding-related excitatory inputs and promotes satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how biochemical integration of opposing, quantal peptide signals during energy intake orchestrates a gradual transition between stable states of hunger and satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen X Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
| | - Angela Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Paula K Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lauren F Christenson
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew Lutas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Present address: Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Peter N Kalugin
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yihan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Akash Pal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Lin Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mark L Andermann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Co-corresponding authors
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33
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Zhang SX, Kim A, Madara JC, Zhu PK, Christenson LF, Lutas A, Kalugin PN, Jin Y, Pal A, Tian L, Lowell BB, Andermann ML. Competition between stochastic neuropeptide signals calibrates the rate of satiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.11.548551. [PMID: 37503012 PMCID: PMC10369917 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.11.548551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigated how transmission of hunger- and satiety-promoting neuropeptides, NPY and αMSH, is integrated at the level of intracellular signaling to control feeding. Receptors for these peptides use the second messenger cAMP, but the messenger's spatiotemporal dynamics and role in energy balance are controversial. We show that AgRP axon stimulation in the paraventricular hypothalamus evokes probabilistic and spatially restricted NPY release that triggers stochastic cAMP decrements in downstream MC4R-expressing neurons (PVH MC4R ). Meanwhile, POMC axon stimulation triggers stochastic, αMSH-dependent cAMP increments. NPY and αMSH competitively control cAMP, as reflected by hunger-state-dependent differences in the amplitude and persistence of cAMP transients evoked by each peptide. During feeding bouts, elevated αMSH release and suppressed NPY release cooperatively sustain elevated cAMP in PVH MC4R neurons, thereby potentiating feeding-related excitatory inputs and promoting satiation across minutes. Our findings highlight how state-dependent integration of opposing, quantal peptidergic events by a common biochemical target calibrates energy intake.
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Becetti I, Bwenyi EL, de Araujo IE, Ard J, Cryan JF, Farooqi IS, Ferrario CR, Gluck ME, Holsen LM, Kenny PJ, Lawson EA, Lowell BB, Schur EA, Stanley TL, Tavakkoli A, Grinspoon SK, Singhal V. The Neurobiology of Eating Behavior in Obesity: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets: A Report from the 23rd Annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 118:314-328. [PMID: 37149092 PMCID: PMC10375463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasing at an alarming rate. The effectiveness of currently available strategies for the treatment of obesity (including pharmacologic, surgical, and behavioral interventions) is limited. Understanding the neurobiology of appetite and the important drivers of energy intake (EI) can lead to the development of more effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of obesity. Appetite regulation is complex and is influenced by genetic, social, and environmental factors. It is intricately regulated by a complex interplay of endocrine, gastrointestinal, and neural systems. Hormonal and neural signals generated in response to the energy state of the organism and the quality of food eaten are communicated by paracrine, endocrine, and gastrointestinal signals to the nervous system. The central nervous system integrates homeostatic and hedonic signals to regulate appetite. Although there has been an enormous amount of research over many decades regarding the regulation of EI and body weight, research is only now yielding potentially effective treatment strategies for obesity. The purpose of this article is to summarize the key findings presented in June 2022 at the 23rd annual Harvard Nutrition Obesity Symposium entitled "The Neurobiology of Eating Behavior in Obesity: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets." Findings presented at the symposium, sponsored by NIH P30 Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard, enhance our current understanding of appetite biology, including innovative techniques used to assess and systematically manipulate critical hedonic processes, which will shape future research and the development of therapeutics for obesity prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Becetti
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Esther L Bwenyi
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ivan E de Araujo
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Jamy Ard
- Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Bariatric and Weight Management Center, Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Center on Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Prevention, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States; Maya Angelou Center for Healthy Equity, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ismaa Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wellcome-Medical Research Council (MRC) Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Department of Pharmacology, Psychology Department (Biopsychology Area), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Marci E Gluck
- National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, Obesity and Diabetes Clinical Research Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Laura M Holsen
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Paul J Kenny
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States; Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, United States
| | - Elizabeth A Lawson
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ellen A Schur
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Univeristy of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Univeristy of Washington Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Clinical and Translational Research Services Core, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Takara L Stanley
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ali Tavakkoli
- Division of General and Gastrointestinal (GI) Surgery, Center for Weight Management and Wellness, Advanced Minimally Invasive Fellowship, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Steven K Grinspoon
- Metabolism Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Nutrition Obesity Research Center at Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vibha Singhal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatric Endocrinology and Obesity Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Pediatric Program MGH Weight Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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35
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Gui Y, Dahir NS, Downing G, Sweeney P, Cone RD. Cell autonomous regulation of the activation of AgRP neurons by the melanocortin-3 receptor. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.28.546874. [PMID: 37425887 PMCID: PMC10327035 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.28.546874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) is a negative regulator of the central melanocortin circuitry via presynaptic expression on AgRP nerve terminals, from where it regulates GABA release onto secondary MC4R-expressing neurons. Hence, animals lacking MC3R (MC3R KO) exhibit hypersensitivity to MC4R agonists. However, MC3R KO mice also exhibit defective behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to fasting. Here, we demonstrate that MC3R KO mice exhibit defective activation of AgRP neurons in response to fasting and cold exposure, while exhibiting normal inhibition of AgRP neurons by sensory detection of food. Further, using an AgRP-specific MC3R knockout model, we show that the control of AgRP neuron activation by MC3R is cell-autonomous. One mechanism underlying this involves the response to ghrelin, which is also blunted in mice with AgRP-specific deletion of the MC3R. Thus, MC3R is a crucial player in the control of energy homeostasis by the central melanocortin system, not only acting presynaptically on AgRP neurons, but via AgRP cell-autonomous regulation of fasting- and cold-induced neuronal activation as well.
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36
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Grzelka K, Wilhelms H, Dodt S, Dreisow ML, Madara JC, Walker SJ, Wu C, Wang D, Lowell BB, Fenselau H. A synaptic amplifier of hunger for regaining body weight in the hypothalamus. Cell Metab 2023; 35:770-785.e5. [PMID: 36965483 PMCID: PMC10160008 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
Restricting caloric intake effectively reduces body weight, but most dieters fail long-term adherence to caloric deficit and eventually regain lost weight. Hypothalamic circuits that control hunger drive critically determine body weight; yet, how weight loss sculpts these circuits to motivate food consumption until lost weight is regained remains unclear. Here, we probe the contribution of synaptic plasticity in discrete excitatory afferents on hunger-promoting AgRP neurons. We reveal a crucial role for activity-dependent, remarkably long-lasting amplification of synaptic activity originating from paraventricular hypothalamus thyrotropin-releasing (PVHTRH) neurons in long-term body weight control. Silencing PVHTRH neurons inhibits the potentiation of excitatory input to AgRP neurons and diminishes concomitant regain of lost weight. Brief stimulation of the pathway is sufficient to enduringly potentiate this glutamatergic hunger synapse and triggers an NMDAR-dependent gaining of body weight that enduringly persists. Identification of this activity-dependent synaptic amplifier provides a previously unrecognized target to combat regain of lost weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Grzelka
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hannah Wilhelms
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Dodt
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Dreisow
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Joseph C Madara
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samuel J Walker
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chen Wu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Daqing Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Bradford B Lowell
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Henning Fenselau
- Synaptic Transmission in Energy Homeostasis Group, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Gleueler Strasse 50, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Preventive Medicine (CEDP), University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Strasse 26, 50924 Cologne, Germany; Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Straße 26, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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37
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Yavuz Y, Ozen DO, Erol ZY, Goren H, Yilmaz B. Effects of endocrine disruptors on the electrical activity of leptin receptor neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus and anxiety-like behavior in male mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 324:121366. [PMID: 36858099 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing concern about the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on human health. Recently, some EDCs are suggested to affect energy metabolism leading to increased risk of obesity. Obesogenic effects of some EDCs on adipogenesis have been reported, however, there is no study examining their potential actions on the brain circuits controlling feeding and metabolism. We have investigated effects of tributyltin (TBT) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p'-DDT) on electrical activity on dorsomedial hypothalamic leptin receptor neurons (DMHLepR), morphological adaptations in neuronal anatomy of DMHLepR, locomotion, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Twenty-three Lep-Cre transgenic mice were intracranially injected with GFP virus. Control animals received intraperitoneal corn oil alone while group 2 and 3 received TBT (25 μg/kg) and p,p'-DDT (2 mg/kg) for one month. Locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior of the animals were determined by open field test. Electrophysiological effects of TBT and p,p'-DDT on DMHLepR neurons were determined by patch clamp method. Neuronal anatomy was determined by confocal microscopy. Spontaneous firing frequency of DMHLepR neurons of TBT group of mice was significantly higher than both p,p'-DDT and control groups (p < 0.01). TBT and p,p'-DDT significantly decreased frequency of the spontaneous inhibitory post-synaptic currents to DMHLepR neurons compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The time spent in the center and the number of entrances to the center by the TBT-administered mice were significantly lower than other groups (p < 0.01). The total distance traveled and mean speed of the control group of mice were significantly higher than the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals (p < 0.0001). c-Fos activity of the p,p'-DDT- and TBT-administered animals were significantly elevated compared to the control group (p < 0.001), while no change in the number of dendritic spines were observed. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that exposure to TBT and p,p'-DDT alters electrical activity in DMHLepR neurons and behavioral state in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Yavuz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Oyku Ozen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zehra Yagmur Erol
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Habibe Goren
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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38
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Han Y, He Y, Harris L, Xu Y, Wu Q. Identification of a GABAergic neural circuit governing leptin signaling deficiency-induced obesity. eLife 2023; 12:e82649. [PMID: 37043384 PMCID: PMC10097419 DOI: 10.7554/elife.82649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone leptin is known to robustly suppress food intake by acting upon the leptin receptor (LepR) signaling system residing within the agouti-related protein (AgRP) neurons of the hypothalamus. However, clinical studies indicate that leptin is undesirable as a therapeutic regiment for obesity, which is at least partly attributed to the poorly understood complex secondary structure and key signaling mechanism of the leptin-responsive neural circuit. Here, we show that the LepR-expressing portal neurons send GABAergic projections to a cohort of α3-GABAA receptor expressing neurons within the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) for the control of leptin-mediated obesity phenotype. We identified the DMH as a key brain region that contributes to the regulation of leptin-mediated feeding. Acute activation of the GABAergic AgRP-DMH circuit promoted food intake and glucose intolerance, while activation of post-synaptic MC4R neurons in the DMH elicited exactly opposite phenotypes. Rapid deletion of LepR from AgRP neurons caused an obesity phenotype which can be rescued by blockage of GABAA receptor in the DMH. Consistent with behavioral results, these DMH neurons displayed suppressed neural activities in response to hunger or hyperglycemia. Furthermore, we identified that α3-GABAA receptor signaling within the DMH exerts potent bi-directional regulation of the central effects of leptin on feeding and body weight. Together, our results demonstrate a novel GABAergic neural circuit governing leptin-mediated feeding and energy balance via a unique α3-GABAA signaling within the secondary leptin-responsive neural circuit, constituting a new avenue for therapeutic interventions in the treatment of obesity and associated comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Han
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yang He
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Lauren Harris
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yong Xu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Qi Wu
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
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Starnes AN, Jones JR. Inputs and Outputs of the Mammalian Circadian Clock. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040508. [PMID: 37106709 PMCID: PMC10136320 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms in mammals are coordinated by the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Light and other environmental inputs change the timing of the SCN neural network oscillator, which, in turn, sends output signals that entrain daily behavioral and physiological rhythms. While much is known about the molecular, neuronal, and network properties of the SCN itself, the circuits linking the outside world to the SCN and the SCN to rhythmic outputs are understudied. In this article, we review our current understanding of the synaptic and non-synaptic inputs onto and outputs from the SCN. We propose that a more complete description of SCN connectivity is needed to better explain how rhythms in nearly all behaviors and physiological processes are generated and to determine how, mechanistically, these rhythms are disrupted by disease or lifestyle.
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40
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Elwyn R, Mitchell J, Kohn MR, Driver C, Hay P, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF. Novel ketamine and zinc treatment for anorexia nervosa and the potential beneficial interactions with the gut microbiome. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 148:105122. [PMID: 36907256 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe illness with diverse aetiological and maintaining contributors including neurobiological, metabolic, psychological, and social determining factors. In addition to nutritional recovery, multiple psychological and pharmacological therapies and brain-based stimulations have been explored; however, existing treatments have limited efficacy. This paper outlines a neurobiological model of glutamatergic and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic dysfunction, exacerbated by chronic gut microbiome dysbiosis and zinc depletion at a brain and gut level. The gut microbiome is established early in development, and early exposure to stress and adversity contribute to gut microbial disturbance in AN, early dysregulation to glutamatergic and GABAergic networks, interoceptive impairment, and inhibited caloric harvest from food (e.g., zinc malabsorption, competition for zinc ions between gut bacteria and host). Zinc is a key part of glutamatergic and GABAergic networks, and also affects leptin and gut microbial function; systems dysregulated in AN. Low doses of ketamine in conjunction with zinc, could provide an efficacious combination to act on NMDA receptors and normalise glutamatergic, GABAergic and gut function in AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiel Elwyn
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jules Mitchell
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael R Kohn
- AYA Medicine Westmead Hospital, CRASH (Centre for Research into Adolescent's Health) Western Sydney Local Health District, Sydney University, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Christina Driver
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Phillipa Hay
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI) School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Jim Lagopoulos
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel F Hermens
- Thompson Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Birtinya, QLD, Australia; SouthWest Sydney Local Health District, Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
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41
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Liu Q, Yang X, Luo M, Su J, Zhong J, Li X, Chan RHM, Wang L. An iterative neural processing sequence orchestrates feeding. Neuron 2023; 111:1651-1665.e5. [PMID: 36924773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Feeding requires sophisticated orchestration of neural processes to satiate appetite in natural, capricious settings. However, the complementary roles of discrete neural populations in orchestrating distinct behaviors and motivations throughout the feeding process are largely unknown. Here, we delineate the behavioral repertoire of mice by developing a machine-learning-assisted behavior tracking system and show that feeding is fragmented and divergent motivations for food consumption or environment exploration compete throughout the feeding process. An iterative activation sequence of agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in arcuate (ARC) nucleus, GABAergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus (LH), and in dorsal raphe (DR) orchestrate the preparation, initiation, and maintenance of feeding segments, respectively, via the resolution of motivational conflicts. The iterative neural processing sequence underlying the competition of divergent motivations further suggests a general rule for optimizing goal-directed behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Liu
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Moxuan Luo
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junying Su
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jinling Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaofen Li
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rosa H M Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Neuropsychiatric Modulation, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Behavior, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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42
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Kuang D, Hanchate NK, Lee CY, Heck A, Ye X, Erdenebileg M, Buck LB. Olfactory and neuropeptide inputs to appetite neurons in the arcuate nucleus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.28.530282. [PMID: 36909633 PMCID: PMC10002664 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.28.530282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The sense of smell has potent effects on appetite, but the underlying neural mechanisms are largely a mystery. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus contains two subsets of neurons linked to appetite: AgRP (agouti-related peptide) neurons, which enhance appetite, and POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) neurons, which suppress appetite. Here, we find that AgRP and POMC neurons receive indirect inputs from partially overlapping areas of the olfactory cortex, thus identifying their sources of odor signals. We also find neurons directly upstream of AgRP or POMC neurons in numerous other areas, identifying potential relays between the olfactory cortex and AgRP or POMC neurons. Transcriptome profiling of individual AgRP neurons reveals differential expression of receptors for multiple neuromodulators. Notably, known ligands of the receptors define subsets of neurons directly upstream of AgRP neurons in specific brain areas. Together, these findings indicate that higher olfactory areas can differentially influence AgRP and POMC appetite neurons, that subsets of AgRP neurons can be regulated by different neuromodulators, and that subsets of neurons upstream of AgRP neurons in specific brain areas use different neuromodulators, together or in distinct combinations to modulate AgRP neurons and thus appetite.
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Korgan AC, Oliveira-Abreu K, Wei W, Martin SLA, Bridges ZJD, Leal-Cardoso JH, Kaczorowski CC, O'Connell KMS. High sucrose consumption decouples intrinsic and synaptic excitability of AgRP neurons without altering body weight. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023; 47:224-235. [PMID: 36725979 PMCID: PMC10023568 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01265-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE As the obesity epidemic continues, the understanding of macronutrient influence on central nervous system function is critical for understanding diet-induced obesity and potential therapeutics, particularly in light of the increased sugar content in processed foods. Previous research showed mixed effects of sucrose feeding on body weight gain but has yet to reveal insight into the impact of sucrose on hypothalamic functioning. Here, we explore the impact of liquid sucrose feeding for 12 weeks on body weight, body composition, caloric intake, and hypothalamic AgRP neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. METHODS Patch-clamp electrophysiology of hypothalamic AgRP neurons, metabolic phenotyping and food intake were performed on C57BL/6J mice. RESULTS While mice given sugar-sweetened water do not gain significant weight, they do show subtle differences in body composition and caloric intake. When given sugar-sweetened water, mice show similar alterations to AgRP neuronal excitability as in high-fat diet obese models. Increased sugar consumption also primes mice for increased caloric intake and weight gain when given access to a HFD. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that elevated sucrose consumption increased activity of AgRP neurons and altered synaptic excitability. This may contribute to obesity in mice and humans with access to more palatable (HFD) diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Korgan
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Klausen Oliveira-Abreu
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Instituto Superior de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Wei Wei
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Zoey J D Bridges
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | | | - Catherine C Kaczorowski
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kristen M S O'Connell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Mammalian Genetics, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
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44
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Tang Q, Godschall E, Brennan CD, Zhang Q, Abraham-Fan RJ, Williams SP, Güngül TB, Onoharigho R, Buyukaksakal A, Salinas R, Olivieri JJ, Deppmann CD, Campbell JN, Podyma B, Güler AD. A leptin-responsive hypothalamic circuit inputs to the circadian feeding network. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.24.529901. [PMID: 36865258 PMCID: PMC9980144 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.24.529901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Salient cues, such as the rising sun or the availability of food, play a crucial role in entraining biological clocks, allowing for effective behavioral adaptation and ultimately, survival. While the light-dependent entrainment of the central circadian pacemaker (suprachiasmatic nucleus, SCN) is relatively well defined, the molecular and neural mechanisms underlying entrainment associated with food availability remains elusive. Using single nucleus RNA sequencing during scheduled feeding (SF), we identified a leptin receptor (LepR) expressing neuron population in the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) that upregulates circadian entrainment genes and exhibits rhythmic calcium activity prior to an anticipated meal. We found that disrupting DMHLepR neuron activity had a profound impact on both molecular and behavioral food entrainment. Specifically, silencing DMHLepR neurons, mis-timed exogenous leptin administration, or mis-timed chemogenetic stimulation of these neurons all interfered with the development of food entrainment. In a state of energy abundance, repetitive activation of DMHLepR neurons led to the partitioning of a secondary bout of circadian locomotor activity that was in phase with the stimulation and dependent on an intact SCN. Lastly, we discovered that a subpopulation of DMHLepR neurons project to the SCN with the capacity to influence the phase of the circadian clock. This leptin regulated circuit serves as a point of integration between the metabolic and circadian systems, facilitating the anticipation of meal times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijun Tang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Elizabeth Godschall
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Charles D. Brennan
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | | | - Sydney P. Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Taha Buğra Güngül
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Roberta Onoharigho
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Aleyna Buyukaksakal
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Ricardo Salinas
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Joey J. Olivieri
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
| | - Christopher D. Deppmann
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - John N. Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Brandon Podyma
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Ali D. Güler
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
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45
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Buchman AS, Capuano AW, VanderHorst V, Wilson RS, Oveisgharan S, Schneider JA, Bennett DA. Brain β-Amyloid Links the Association of Change in Body Mass Index With Cognitive Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:277-285. [PMID: 34679171 PMCID: PMC9951050 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested the hypothesis that indices of Alzheimer's disease and related dementia (ADRD) pathologies may explain associations between change in body mass index (BMI) and cognitive decline in old age. METHOD We used data from 436 older decedents participating in a prospective longitudinal cohort study who had undergone annual cognitive and BMI assessments and postmortem collection of indices of 12 brain pathologies. We identified ADRD brain pathologies associated with BMI range, a previously published metric of change in BMI. We employed sigmoidal mixed-effect models of cognitive decline to examine the associations of change in BMI and cognitive decline with and without terms for ADRD brain pathologies. RESULTS Average age at baseline was 78.6 years, SD = 6.5 years with 64% female. On average, 9 cognitive assessments were obtained with average age at death 88.4 years (SD = 6.2 years). Change in BMI as measured by BMI range was associated with cognitive decline (θ 2 = 0.260). β-Amyloid, hippocampal sclerosis, and substantia nigra neuronal loss were associated with BMI range. β-Amyloid strongly attenuated the association of BMI range with cognitive decline. Hippocampal sclerosis showed only partial attenuation of the association of BMI range and cognitive decline and nigral neuronal loss did not attenuate this association. CONCLUSION Changes in BMI and cognitive decline in older adults may be affected by similar mechanisms underlying the accumulation of brain pathologies like β-amyloid in aging brains. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations may provide novel targets for developing interventions that maintain brain health and metabolic homeostasis in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron S Buchman
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Robert S Wilson
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shahram Oveisgharan
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Julie A Schneider
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pathology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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46
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Shan Y, Chen Y, Gu H, Wang Y, Sun Y. Regulatory Basis of Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin in Epilepsy: from Signaling Pathways to Glucose Metabolism. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2017-2028. [PMID: 36797447 PMCID: PMC10181973 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and severe neurological disorder in which impaired glucose metabolism leads to changes in neuronal excitability that slow or promote the development of epilepsy. Leptin and adiponectin are important mediators regulating glucose metabolism in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Many studies have reported a strong association between epilepsy and these two adipokines involved in multiple signaling cascades and glucose metabolism. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms between them and various signal activation networks, their role in epilepsy involves many aspects, including the release of inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and neuronal apoptosis. This paper aims to summarize the signaling pathways involved in leptin and adiponectin and the regulation of glucose metabolism from the perspective of the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In particular, we discuss the dual effects of leptin in epilepsy and the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and changes in the levels of these two adipokines. Clinical practitioners may need to consider these factors in evaluating clinical drugs. Through this review, we can better understand the specific involvement of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, provide ideas for further exploration, and bring about practical significance for the treatment of epilepsy, especially for the development of personalized treatment according to individual metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Shan
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.,Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yeting Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Zhangjiagang Second People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.
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Lin CY, Yeh KY, Lai HH, Her GM. AgRP Neuron-Specific Ablation Represses Appetite, Energy Intake, and Somatic Growth in Larval Zebrafish. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020499. [PMID: 36831035 PMCID: PMC9953713 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal circuits regulating appetite are dominated by arcuate nucleus neurons, which include appetite-promoting and -suppressing neurons that release the orexigenic neuropeptide agouti-related protein (AgRP) and anorexigenic neuropeptide pro-opiomelanocortin, respectively, to compete for melanocortin receptors to modulate feeding behavior. In this study, we expressed novel agrp promoters, including different lengths of the 5' flanking regions of the agrp gene (4749 bp) in the zebrafish genome. We used the agrp promoter to derive the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein, allowing expression of the green fluorescence signal in the AgRP neurons. Then, we treated the transgenic zebrafish AgRP4.7NTR (Tg [agrp-EGFP-NTR]) with metronidazole to ablate the AgRP neurons in the larvae stage and observed a decline in their appetite and growth. The expression of most orexigenic and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis genes decreased, whereas that of several anorexigenic genes increased. Our findings demonstrate that AgRP is a critical regulator of neuronal signaling for zebrafish appetite and energy intake control. Thus, AgRP4.7NTR can be used as a drug-screening platform for therapeutic targets to treat human appetite disorders, including obesity. Furthermore, the unique agrp promoter we identified can be a powerful tool for research on AgRP neurons, especially AgRP neuron-mediated pathways in the hypothalamus, and appetite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu-Ya Lin
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung City 202, Taiwan
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yun Yeh
- Division of Hemato-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung City 204, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hung Lai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Guor Mour Her
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2826-7000 (ext. 67990)
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Martinez-Sanchez N, Sweeney O, Sidarta-Oliveira D, Caron A, Stanley SA, Domingos AI. The sympathetic nervous system in the 21st century: Neuroimmune interactions in metabolic homeostasis and obesity. Neuron 2022; 110:3597-3626. [PMID: 36327900 PMCID: PMC9986959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The sympathetic nervous system maintains metabolic homeostasis by orchestrating the activity of organs such as the pancreas, liver, and white and brown adipose tissues. From the first renderings by Thomas Willis to contemporary techniques for visualization, tracing, and functional probing of axonal arborizations within organs, our understanding of the sympathetic nervous system has started to grow beyond classical models. In the present review, we outline the evolution of these findings and provide updated neuroanatomical maps of sympathetic innervation. We offer an autonomic framework for the neuroendocrine loop of leptin action, and we discuss the role of immune cells in regulating sympathetic terminals and metabolism. We highlight potential anti-obesity therapeutic approaches that emerge from the modern appreciation of SNS as a neural network vis a vis the historical fear of sympathomimetic pharmacology, while shifting focus from post- to pre-synaptic targeting. Finally, we critically appraise the field and where it needs to go.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen Sweeney
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Davi Sidarta-Oliveira
- Physician-Scientist Graduate Program, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Caron
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah A Stanley
- Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ana I Domingos
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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49
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Jiang H. Hypothalamic GABAergic neurocircuitry in the regulation of energy homeostasis and sleep/wake control. MEDICAL REVIEW (BERLIN, GERMANY) 2022; 2:531-540. [PMID: 37724165 PMCID: PMC10388747 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAergic) neuron, as one of important cell types in synaptic transmission, has been widely involved in central nervous system (CNS) regulation of organismal physiologies including cognition, emotion, arousal and reward. However, upon their distribution in various brain regions, effects of GABAergic neurons in the brain are very diverse. In current report, we will present an overview of the role of GABAergic mediated inhibitory neurocircuitry in the hypothalamus, underlying mechanism of feeding and sleep homeostasis as well as the characteristics of latest transcriptome profile in order to call attention to the GABAergic system as potentially a promising pharmaceutical intervention or a deep brain stimulation target in eating and sleep disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission of China, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Hwang E, Scarlett JM, Baquero AF, Bennett CM, Dong Y, Chau D, Brown JM, Mercer AJ, Meek TH, Grove KL, Phan BAN, Morton GJ, Williams KW, Schwartz MW. Sustained inhibition of NPY/AgRP neuronal activity by FGF1. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e160891. [PMID: 35917179 PMCID: PMC9536267 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In rodent models of type 2 diabetes (T2D), central administration of FGF1 normalizes elevated blood glucose levels in a manner that is sustained for weeks or months. Increased activity of NPY/AgRP neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is implicated in the pathogenesis of hyperglycemia in these animals, and the ARC is a key brain area for the antidiabetic action of FGF1. We therefore sought to determine whether FGF1 inhibits NPY/AgRP neurons and, if so, whether this inhibitory effect is sufficiently durable to offer a feasible explanation for sustained diabetes remission induced by central administration of FGF1. Here, we show that FGF1 inhibited ARC NPY/AgRP neuron activity, both after intracerebroventricular injection in vivo and when applied ex vivo in a slice preparation; we also showed that the underlying mechanism involved increased input from presynaptic GABAergic neurons. Following central administration, the inhibitory effect of FGF1 on NPY/AgRP neurons was also highly durable, lasting for at least 2 weeks. To our knowledge, no precedent for such a prolonged inhibitory effect exists. Future studies are warranted to determine whether NPY/AgRP neuron inhibition contributes to the sustained antidiabetic action elicited by intracerebroventricular FGF1 injection in rodent models of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsang Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jarrad M. Scarlett
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Arian F. Baquero
- Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Camdin M. Bennett
- Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dominic Chau
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jenny M. Brown
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
- University of Copenhagen, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aaron J. Mercer
- Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas H. Meek
- Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Discovery Technologies & Genomics, Novo Nordisk Research Centre Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin L. Grove
- Obesity Research, Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Bao Anh N. Phan
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Gregory J. Morton
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kevin W. Williams
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Hypothalamic Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael W. Schwartz
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medicine Diabetes Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
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