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Zhu J, Pan S, Chai H, Zhao P, Feng Y, Cheng Z, Zhang S, Wang W. Microfluidic Impedance Cytometry Enabled One-Step Sample Preparation for Efficient Single-Cell Mass Spectrometry. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310700. [PMID: 38483007 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) is significant in biochemical analysis and holds great potential in biomedical applications. Efficient sample preparation like sorting (i.e., separating target cells from the mixed population) and desalting (i.e., moving the cells off non-volatile salt solution) is urgently required in single-cell MS. However, traditional sample preparation methods suffer from complicated operation with various apparatus, or insufficient performance. Herein, a one-step sample preparation strategy by leveraging label-free impedance flow cytometry (IFC) based microfluidics is proposed. Specifically, the IFC framework to characterize and sort single-cells is adopted. Simultaneously with sorting, the target cell is transferred from the local high-salinity buffer to the MS-compatible solution. In this way, one-step sorting and desalting are achieved and the collected cells can be directly fed for MS analysis. A high sorting efficiency (>99%), cancer cell purity (≈87%), and desalting efficiency (>99%), and the whole workflow of impedance-based separation and MS analysis of normal cells (MCF-10A) and cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) are verified. As a standalone sample preparation module, the microfluidic chip is compatible with a variety of MS analysis methods, and envisioned to provide a new paradigm in efficient MS sample preparation, and further in multi-modal (i.e., electrical and metabolic) characterization of single-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Siyuan Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huichao Chai
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yongxiang Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instrument, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Huang Z, Gong Z, Lin Y, Yang F, Chen W, Xiang S, Huang Y, Xiao H, Xu S, Duan J. Treatment with glatiramer acetate in APPswe/PS1dE9 mice at an early stage of Alzheimer's disease prior to amyloid-beta deposition delays the disease's pathological development and ameliorates cognitive decline. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1267780. [PMID: 38352237 PMCID: PMC10861656 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1267780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by neuroinflammation, which is frequently accompanied by immune system dysfunction. Although the mechanism of neurodegenerative lesions is unclear, various clinical trials have highlighted that early intervention in AD is crucial to the success of treatment. In order to explore the potential of immunotherapy in the early period of AD, the present study evaluated whether application of glatiramer acetate (GA), an immunomodulatory agent approved for remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis (RRMS), in the early stages of AD prior to amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition altered the Aβ pathology and cognitive impairments in APPswe/PSEN1dE9 (APP/PS1) transgenic mice. Methods We treated two cohorts of pre-depositing and amyloid-depositing (2- and 6-month-old) APP/PS1 mice with weekly-GA subcutaneous injection over a 12-week period. We then tested spatial learning and memory using the Morris water maze (MWM) and the Y maze. Immunohistochemistry staining was utilized to analyze Aβ burden in the brain as well as activated microglia. Furthermore, the inflammatory cytokine milieu within brains was estimated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the peripheral CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the spleen were measured by flow cytometry. Results We found that early GA administration reduced Aβ burden and ameliorated cognitive decline. Meanwhile, the immune microenvironment had changed in the brain, with an increase in the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and a decrease in microglial activation. Interestingly, early GA administration also modulated the peripheral immune system through the amplification of Tregs in the spleen. Conclusion Overall, our findings revealed that GA treatment might enhance the central and peripheral immune systems' protective capabilities in the early stages of AD, eventually improving cognitive deficits. Our research supports the advantages of immunomodulatory treatments for AD at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengyong Huang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Zhuo Gong
- Shantou Central Hospital, Shantou, China
| | - Yongtai Lin
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weiping Chen
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaotong Xiang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuedong Huang
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Xu
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinhai Duan
- Eastern Department of Neurology, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Geriatrics Institute and Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Walker II WH, Liu JA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, May LE, Kisamore CO, Brundage KM, Nelson RJ, DeVries AC. Social enrichment alters the response of brain leukocytes to chemotherapy and tumor development in aged mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23366. [PMID: 38148808 PMCID: PMC10750159 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Foundational science studies have supported associations among neuroinflammation, breast cancer, and chemotherapy, but to date, these associations are based on studies using young adult rodents. The current study examined the neuroinflammatory effects of chemotherapy in aged, tumor-naïve and tumor-bearing mice with or without social enrichment. Mice received two intravenous injections of doxorubicin (A) and cyclophosphamide (C) at a two-week interval. Brain immune cells were enriched/assessed via flow cytometry, seven days following the second chemotherapy injection. Social enrichment enhanced peripheral immune cell trafficking in aged tumor-naive mice treated with AC. Group housed aged tumor bearing mice receiving AC had reduced percentage of IL-6+ monocytes and granulocytes relative to their singly housed counterparts. Notably, group housing aged experimental mice with young cage partners significantly reduced TNF + monocytes, tumor volume, and tumor mass. These data illustrate the importance of social enrichment in attenuating neuroinflammation and are the first to demonstrate that social support with young housing partners reduces tumor growth in aged mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Walker II
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, USA
| | - Jennifer A. Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, USA
| | | | - Laura E. May
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, USA
| | | | - Kathleen M. Brundage
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, USA
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, USA
- Department of Medicine, USA
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Wu A, Zhang J. Neuroinflammation, memory, and depression: new approaches to hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:283. [PMID: 38012702 PMCID: PMC10683283 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02964-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of most common and severe mental disorders, major depressive disorder (MDD) significantly increases the risks of premature death and other medical conditions for patients. Neuroinflammation is the abnormal immune response in the brain, and its correlation with MDD is receiving increasing attention. Neuroinflammation has been reported to be involved in MDD through distinct neurobiological mechanisms, among which the dysregulation of neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus (HPC) is receiving increasing attention. The DG of the hippocampus is one of two niches for neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain, and neurotrophic factors are fundamental regulators of this neurogenesis process. The reported cell types involved in mediating neuroinflammation include microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, meningeal leukocytes, and peripheral immune cells which selectively penetrate the blood-brain barrier and infiltrate into inflammatory regions. This review summarizes the functions of the hippocampus affected by neuroinflammation during MDD progression and the corresponding influences on the memory of MDD patients and model animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anbiao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Jiyan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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Man QW, Li RF, Liu JF, Zhao Y, Liu B. Single-cell analysis reveals immune cellular components in odontogenic keratocysts. Oral Dis 2023; 29:3420-3432. [PMID: 35765210 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Various types of cells comprising a complex and diverse cell population are required for the biological activities of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). Immune and non-immune cells collaborate via cytokine- or chemokine-mediated communication and direct cell-cell interactions. This study aimed to characterize the immune ecosystem and understand the potential chemotactic role of OKC fibroblasts in immune cell migration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mass cytometry of 41 markers was employed for the classification of OKC cells from six OKC samples. Immunofluorescence staining and single-cell RNA sequencing (GSE176351) were used for the detection of fibroblast subpopulations. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunofluorescence staining were employed for chemokine detection in hypoxia- and/or HIF-1α inhibitor-treated OKC fibroblasts and tissues. Chemotaxis assay was employed to determine the chemotactic effect of fibroblasts via co-culture with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. A cell communication network was constructed based on the single-cell RNA sequencing data. RESULTS The characterization of the immune cell types of OKC evidenced the enrichment of macrophages, neutrophils and B cells. The majority (41.5%) of fibroblast subsets consisted of chemokine ligand-enriched myofibroblasts. The activation of the HIF-1α signaling pathway in fibroblasts was associated with chemokine release. The chemokines released by OKC fibroblasts remarkably promoted the migration of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the co-culture system. Close interactions between myofibroblasts and immune cells were validated by cell-cell interaction analysis. Increased RANKL expression was detected in OKC fibroblasts in the co-culture system with peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provided deep insights into the immune ecosystem and highlighted the potential chemotactic effects of chemokine-enriched myofibroblasts within OKCs. The close interaction between immune cells and fibroblasts demonstrated in this study may be responsible for the osteoclastogenic effects of OKC fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Wen Man
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Fang Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Feng Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST), Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head Neck Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Brito RMDM, da Silva MCM, Vieira-Santos F, de Almeida Lopes C, Souza JLN, Bastilho AL, de Barros Fernandes H, de Miranda AS, de Oliveira ACP, de Almeida Vitor RW, de Andrade-Neto VF, Bueno LL, Fujiwara RT, Magalhães LMD. Chronic infection by atypical Toxoplasma gondii strain induces disturbance in microglia population and altered behaviour in mice. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 30:100652. [PMID: 37396335 PMCID: PMC10308216 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii chronic infection is characterized by the establishment of tissue cysts in the brain and increased levels of IFN-γ, which can lead to brain circuitry interference and consequently abnormal behaviour in mice. In this sense, the study presented here sought to investigate the impact of chronic infection by two T. gondii strains in the brain of infection-resistant mice, as a model for studying the involvement of chronic neuroinflammation with the development of behavioural alterations. For that, male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: non-infected (Ni), infected with T. gondii ME49 clonal strain (ME49), and infected with TgCkBrRN2 atypical strain (CK2). Mice were monitored for 60 days to establish the chronic infection and then submitted to behavioural assessment. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for measurement of specific IgG in the blood and levels of inflammatory cytokines and neurotrophic factors in the brain, and the cell's immunophenotype was determined by multiparametric flow cytometry. Mice infected with ME49 clonal strain displayed hyperlocomotor activity and memory deficit, although no signs of depressive- and/or anxiety-like behaviour were detected; on the other hand, chronic infection with CK2 atypical strain induced anxiety- and depressive-like behaviour. During chronic infection by CK2 atypical strain, mice displayed a higher number of T. gondii brain tissue cysts and inflammatory infiltrate, composed mainly of CD3+ T lymphocytes and Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes, compared to mice infected with the ME49 clonal strain. Infected mice presented a marked decrease of microglia population compared to non-infected group. Chronic infection with CK2 strain produced elevated levels of IFN-γ and TNF-ɑ in the brain, decreased NGF levels in the prefrontal cortex and striatum, and altered levels of fractalkine (CX3CL1) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. The persistent inflammation and the disturbance in the cerebral homeostasis may contribute to altered behaviour in mice, as the levels of IFN-γ were shown to be correlated with the behavioural parameters assessed here. Considering the high incidence and life-long persistence of T. gondii infection, this approach can be considered a suitable model for studying the impact of chronic infections in the brain and how it impacts in behavioural responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramayana Morais de Medeiros Brito
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Maria Carolina Machado da Silva
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Flaviane Vieira-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Camila de Almeida Lopes
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jorge Lucas Nascimento Souza
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Lazoski Bastilho
- Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Heliana de Barros Fernandes
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aline Silva de Miranda
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Pinheiro de Oliveira
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Wagner de Almeida Vitor
- Laboratory of Toxoplasmosis, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Valter Ferreira de Andrade-Neto
- Laboratory of Malaria and Toxoplasmosis Biology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biosciences Centre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Lilian Lacerda Bueno
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luísa Mourão Dias Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunobiology and Control of Parasites, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Sunna S, Bowen CA, Ramelow CC, Santiago JV, Kumar P, Rangaraju S. Advances in proteomic phenotyping of microglia in neurodegeneration. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200183. [PMID: 37060300 PMCID: PMC10528430 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are dynamic resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that sense, survey, and respond to changes in their environment. In disease states, microglia transform from homeostatic to diverse molecular phenotypic states that play complex and causal roles in neurologic disease pathogenesis, as evidenced by the identification of microglial genes as genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative disease. While advances in transcriptomic profiling of microglia from the CNS of humans and animal models have provided transformative insights, the transcriptome is only modestly reflective of the proteome. Proteomic profiling of microglia is therefore more likely to provide functionally and therapeutically relevant targets. In this review, we discuss molecular insights gained from transcriptomic studies of microglia in the context of Alzheimer's disease as a prototypic neurodegenerative disease, and highlight existing and emerging approaches for proteomic profiling of microglia derived from in vivo model systems and human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Sunna
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christine A. Bowen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christina C. Ramelow
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juliet V. Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Xue C, Gu X, Zheng Q, Shi Q, Yuan X, Chu Q, Jia J, Su Y, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Effects of 3-HAA on HCC by Regulating the Heterogeneous Macrophages-A scRNA-Seq Analysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207074. [PMID: 37013458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine derivative 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-HAA) is known to regulate the immune system and exhibit anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting T-cell cytokine secretion and influencing macrophage activity. However, the definite role of 3-HAA in the immunomodulation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is largely unexplored. An orthotopic HCC model and treated with 3-HAA by intraperitoneal injection is developed. Furthermore, cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses are carried out to define the immune landscape of HCC. It is found that 3-HAA treatment can significantly suppress tumor growth in the HCC model and alter the level of various cytokines in plasma. CyTOF data shows that 3-HAA significantly increases the percentage of F4/80hi CX3CR1lo Ki67lo MHCIIhi macrophages and decreases the percentage of F4/80lo CD64+ PD-L1lo macrophages. scRNA-seq analyses demonstrate that 3-HAA treatment is proved to regulate the function of M1 macrophages, M2 macrophages, and proliferating macrophages. Notably, 3-HAA inhibits the proinflammatory factors TNF and IL-6 in multiple cell subsets, including resident macrophages, proliferating macrophages, and pDCs. This study reveals the landscape of immune cell subsets in HCC in response to 3-HAA, indicating that 3-HAA may be a promising therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qiuxian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Junjun Jia
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Yuanshuai Su
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
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Su Y, Zheng H, Shi C, Li X, Zhang S, Guo G, Yu W, Zhang S, Hu Z, Yang J, Xia Z, Mao C, Xu Y. Meningeal immunity and neurological diseases: new approaches, new insights. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:125. [PMID: 37231449 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02803-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The meninges, membranes surrounding the central nervous system (CNS) boundary, harbor a diverse array of immunocompetent immune cells, and therefore, serve as an immunologically active site. Meningeal immunity has emerged as a key factor in modulating proper brain function and social behavior, performing constant immune surveillance of the CNS, and participating in several neurological diseases. However, it remains to be determined how meningeal immunity contributes to CNS physiology and pathophysiology. With the advances in single-cell omics, new approaches, such as single-cell technologies, unveiled the details of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying meningeal immunity in CNS homeostasis and dysfunction. These new findings contradict some previous dogmas and shed new light on new possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we focus on the complicated multi-components, powerful meningeal immunosurveillance capability, and its crucial involvement in physiological and neuropathological conditions, as recently revealed by single-cell technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Su
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Changhe Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuyu Zhang
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Guangyu Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Wenkai Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zhengwei Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Zongping Xia
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Chengyuan Mao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- The Academy of Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yuming Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, No.1 Eastern Jian-She Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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10
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Hata K, Yanagihara T, Matsubara K, Kunimura K, Suzuki K, Tsubouchi K, Eto D, Ando H, Uehara M, Ikegame S, Baba Y, Fukui Y, Okamoto I. Mass cytometry identifies characteristic immune cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from interstitial lung diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1145814. [PMID: 36949950 PMCID: PMC10027011 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1145814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune cells have been implicated in interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), although their phenotypes and effector mechanisms remain poorly understood. To better understand these cells, we conducted an exploratory mass cytometry analysis of immune cell subsets in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), connective-tissue disease (CTD)-related ILD, and sarcoidosis, using two panels including 64 markers. Among myeloid cells, we observed the expansion of CD14+ CD36hi CD84hiCCR2- monocyte populations in IPF. These CD14+ CD36hi CD84hi CCR2- subsets were also increased in ILDs with a progressive phenotype, particularly in a case of acute exacerbation (AEx) of IPF. Analysis of B cells revealed the presence of cells at various stages of differentiation in BALF, with a higher percentage of IgG memory B cells in CTD-ILDs and a trend toward more FCRL5+ B cells. These FCRL5+ B cells were also present in the patient with AEx-IPF and sarcoidosis with advanced lung lesions. Among T cells, we found increased levels of IL-2R+ TIGIT+ LAG3+ CD4+ T cells in IPF, increased levels of CXCR3+ CD226+ CD4+ T cells in sarcoidosis, and increased levels of PD1+ TIGIT+ CD57+ CD8+ T cells in CTD-ILDs. Together, these findings underscore the diverse immunopathogenesis of ILDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Hata
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toyoshi Yanagihara,
| | - Keisuke Matsubara
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Kunimura
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Tsubouchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Eto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ando
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Maki Uehara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikegame
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Baba
- Division of Immunology and Genome Biology, Department of Molecular Genetics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fukui
- Division of Immunogenetics, Department of Immunobiology and Neuroscience, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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11
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Recent advances and typical applications in mass spectrometry-based technologies for single-cell metabolite analysis. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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12
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Single-cell RNA and protein profiling of immune cells from the mouse brain and its border tissues. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:2354-2388. [PMID: 35931780 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00716-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Brain-immune cross-talk and neuroinflammation critically shape brain physiology in health and disease. A detailed understanding of the brain immune landscape is essential for developing new treatments for neurological disorders. Single-cell technologies offer an unbiased assessment of the heterogeneity, dynamics and functions of immune cells. Here we provide a protocol that outlines all the steps involved in performing single-cell multi-omic analysis of the brain immune compartment. This includes a step-by-step description on how to microdissect the border regions of the mouse brain, together with dissociation protocols tailored to each of these tissues. These combine a high yield with minimal dissociation-induced gene expression changes. Next, we outline the steps involved for high-dimensional flow cytometry and droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing via the 10x Genomics platform, which can be combined with cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and offers a higher throughput than plate-based methods. Importantly, we detail how to implement CITE-seq with large antibody panels to obtain unbiased protein-expression screening coupled to transcriptome analysis. Finally, we describe the main steps involved in the analysis and interpretation of the data. This optimized workflow allows for a detailed assessment of immune cell heterogeneity and activation in the whole brain or specific border regions, at RNA and protein level. The wet lab workflow can be completed by properly trained researchers (with basic proficiency in cell and molecular biology) and takes between 6 and 11 h, depending on the chosen procedures. The computational analysis requires a background in bioinformatics and programming in R.
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13
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Neuronal-Immune Cell Units in Allergic Inflammation in the Nose. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136938. [PMID: 35805946 PMCID: PMC9266453 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells and immune-derived molecules, endocrine glands and hormones, the nervous system and neuro molecules form the combined tridirectional neuroimmune network, which plays a significant role in the communication pathways and regulation at the level of the whole organism and local levels, in both healthy persons and patients with allergic rhinitis based on an allergic inflammatory process. This review focuses on a new research paradigm devoted to neuronal-immune cell units, which are involved in allergic inflammation in the nose and neuroimmune control of the nasal mucociliary immunologically active epithelial barrier. The categorization, cellular sources of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, and their prevalent profiles in constituting allergen tolerance maintenance or its breakdown are discussed. Novel data on the functional structure of the nasal epithelium based on a transcriptomic technology, single-cell RNA-sequencing results, are considered in terms of neuroimmune regulation. Notably, the research of pathogenesis and therapy for atopic allergic diseases, including recently identified local forms, from the viewpoint of the tridirectional interaction of the neuroimmune network and discrete neuronal-immune cell units is at the cutting-edge.
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14
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Nelson RS, Dammer EB, Santiago JV, Seyfried NT, Rangaraju S. Brain Cell Type-Specific Nuclear Proteomics Is Imperative to Resolve Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanisms. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:902146. [PMID: 35784845 PMCID: PMC9243337 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.902146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) involve complex cellular mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Emerging findings have revealed that disruption of nuclear processes play key roles in ND pathogenesis. The nucleus is a nexus for gene regulation and cellular processes that together, may underlie pathomechanisms of NDs. Furthermore, many genetic risk factors for NDs encode proteins that are either present in the nucleus or are involved in nuclear processes (for example, RNA binding proteins, epigenetic regulators, or nuclear-cytoplasmic transport proteins). While recent advances in nuclear transcriptomics have been significant, studies of the nuclear proteome in brain have been relatively limited. We propose that a comprehensive analysis of nuclear proteomic alterations of various brain cell types in NDs may provide novel biological and therapeutic insights. This may be feasible because emerging technical advances allow isolation and investigation of intact nuclei from post-mortem frozen human brain tissue with cell type-specific and single-cell resolution. Accordingly, nuclei of various brain cell types harbor unique protein markers which can be used to isolate cell-type specific nuclei followed by down-stream proteomics by mass spectrometry. Here we review the literature providing a rationale for investigating proteomic changes occurring in nuclei in NDs and then highlight the potential for brain cell type-specific nuclear proteomics to enhance our understanding of distinct cellular mechanisms that drive ND pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth S. Nelson
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Eric B. Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | | | | | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Srikant Rangaraju
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15
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Campisi L, Chizari S, Ho JSY, Gromova A, Arnold FJ, Mosca L, Mei X, Fstkchyan Y, Torre D, Beharry C, Garcia-Forn M, Jiménez-Alcázar M, Korobeynikov VA, Prazich J, Fayad ZA, Seldin MM, De Rubeis S, Bennett CL, Ostrow LW, Lunetta C, Squatrito M, Byun M, Shneider NA, Jiang N, La Spada AR, Marazzi I. Clonally expanded CD8 T cells characterize amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-4. Nature 2022; 606:945-952. [PMID: 35732742 PMCID: PMC10089623 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04844-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogenous neurodegenerative disorder that affects motor neurons and voluntary muscle control1. ALS heterogeneity includes the age of manifestation, the rate of progression and the anatomical sites of symptom onset. Disease-causing mutations in specific genes have been identified and define different subtypes of ALS1. Although several ALS-associated genes have been shown to affect immune functions2, whether specific immune features account for ALS heterogeneity is poorly understood. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-4 (ALS4) is characterized by juvenile onset and slow progression3. Patients with ALS4 show motor difficulties by the time that they are in their thirties, and most of them require devices to assist with walking by their fifties. ALS4 is caused by mutations in the senataxin gene (SETX). Here, using Setx knock-in mice that carry the ALS4-causative L389S mutation, we describe an immunological signature that consists of clonally expanded, terminally differentiated effector memory (TEMRA) CD8 T cells in the central nervous system and the blood of knock-in mice. Increased frequencies of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in knock-in mice mirror the progression of motor neuron disease and correlate with anti-glioma immunity. Furthermore, bone marrow transplantation experiments indicate that the immune system has a key role in ALS4 neurodegeneration. In patients with ALS4, clonally expanded TEMRA CD8 T cells circulate in the peripheral blood. Our results provide evidence of an antigen-specific CD8 T cell response in ALS4, which could be used to unravel disease mechanisms and as a potential biomarker of disease state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Campisi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shahab Chizari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Jessica S Y Ho
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anastasia Gromova
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Frederick J Arnold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lorena Mosca
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Xueyan Mei
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yesai Fstkchyan
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis Torre
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cindy Beharry
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marta Garcia-Forn
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miguel Jiménez-Alcázar
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jack Prazich
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Zahi A Fayad
- BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Center for Epigenetics and Metabolism, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Silvia De Rubeis
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Craig L Bennett
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Lyle W Ostrow
- Neuromuscular Division of the Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christian Lunetta
- NEMO Clinical Center, Fondazione Serena Onlus, Milan, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Department, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Squatrito
- Seve Ballesteros Foundation Brain Tumor Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Minji Byun
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neil A Shneider
- Department of Neurology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- UCI Institute for Neurotherapeutics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Ivan Marazzi
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Abstract
Mass cytometry has revolutionized immunophenotyping, particularly in exploratory settings where simultaneous breadth and depth of characterization of immune populations is needed with limited samples such as in preclinical and clinical tumor immunotherapy. Mass cytometry is also a powerful tool for single-cell immunological assays, especially for complex and simultaneous characterization of diverse intratumoral immune subsets or immunotherapeutic cell populations. Through the elimination of spectral overlap seen in optical flow cytometry by replacement of fluorescent labels with metal isotopes, mass cytometry allows, on average, robust analysis of 60 individual parameters simultaneously. This is, however, associated with significantly increased complexity in the design, execution, and interpretation of mass cytometry experiments. To address the key pitfalls associated with the fragmentation, complexity, and analysis of data in mass cytometry for immunologists who are novices to these techniques, we have developed a comprehensive resource guide. Included in this review are experiment and panel design, antibody conjugations, sample staining, sample acquisition, and data pre-processing and analysis. Where feasible multiple resources for the same process are compared, allowing researchers experienced in flow cytometry but with minimal mass cytometry expertise to develop a data-driven and streamlined project workflow. It is our hope that this manuscript will prove a useful resource for both beginning and advanced users of mass cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay Iyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anouk A. J. Hamers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Anouk A. J. Hamers, ; Asha B. Pillai,
| | - Asha B. Pillai
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sheila and David Fuente Program in Cancer Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Anouk A. J. Hamers, ; Asha B. Pillai,
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17
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Onoshima D, Baba Y. Cancer diagnosis and analysis devices based on multimolecular crowding. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:13655-13661. [PMID: 34854439 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc05556a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of the multimolecular crowding around cancer cells has opened up the possibility of developing new devices for cancer diagnosis and analysis through the measurement of intercellular communication related to cell proliferation and invasive metastasis associated with cancer malignancy. In particular, cells and extracellular vesicles that flow into the bloodstream contain metabolites and secreted products of the cancer microenvironment. These are positioned as targets for the development of new devices for the understanding and application of multimolecular crowding around cancer cells. Examples include the separation analysis of cancer cells in blood for the next generation of less invasive testing techniques, and mapping analysis using Raman scattering to detect cancer cells without staining. Another example is the evaluation of the relationship between exosomes and cancer traits for the exploration of new anti-cancer drugs, and the commercialization of exosome separation devices for ultra-early cancer diagnosis. The development of nanobiodevice engineering, which applies multimolecular crowding to conventional nanobioscience, is expected to contribute to the diagnosis and analysis of various diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Onoshima
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
| | - Yoshinobu Baba
- Institute of Nano-Life-Systems, Institutes of Innovation for Future Society, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan. .,Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.,Institute of Quantum Life Science, Quantum Life and Medical Science Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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18
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Tsai MS, Wang LC, Tsai HY, Lin YJ, Wu HL, Tzeng SF, Hsu SM, Chen SH. Microglia Reduce Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Lethality of Mice with Decreased T Cell and Interferon Responses in Brains. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212457. [PMID: 34830340 PMCID: PMC8624831 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infects the majority of the human population and can induce encephalitis, which is the most common cause of sporadic, fatal encephalitis. An increase of microglia is detected in the brains of encephalitis patients. The issues regarding whether and how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection remain elusive. Using a murine infection model, we showed that HSV-1 infection on corneas increased the number of microglia to outnumber those of infiltrating leukocytes (macrophages, neutrophils, and T cells) and enhanced microglia activation in brains. HSV-1 antigens were detected in brain neurons, which were surrounded by microglia. Microglia depletion increased HSV-1 lethality of mice with elevated brain levels of viral loads, infected neurons, neuron loss, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, neutrophils, interferon (IFN)-β, and IFN-γ. In vitro studies demonstrated that microglia from infected mice reduced virus infectivity. Moreover, microglia induced IFN-β and the signaling pathway of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 to inhibit viral replication and damage of neurons. Our study reveals how microglia protect the host and neurons from HSV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Shan Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
| | - Li-Chiu Wang
- School of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Yang Tsai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tzu Chi Hospital, Taichung 427, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Jheng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Hua-Lin Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fen Tzeng
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Biological Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Min Hsu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Shun-Hua Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan; (M.-S.T.); (H.-L.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-M.H.); (S.-H.C.)
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19
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Kaduri M, Sela M, Kagan S, Poley M, Abumanhal-Masarweh H, Mora-Raimundo P, Ouro A, Dahan N, Hershkovitz D, Shklover J, Shainsky-Roitman J, Buganim Y, Schroeder A. Targeting neurons in the tumor microenvironment with bupivacaine nanoparticles reduces breast cancer progression and metastases. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:eabj5435. [PMID: 34613777 PMCID: PMC8494443 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj5435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Neurons within the tumor microenvironment promote cancer progression; thus, their local targeting has potential clinical benefits. We designed PEGylated lipid nanoparticles loaded with a non-opioid analgesic, bupivacaine, to target neurons within breast cancer tumors and suppress nerve-to-cancer cross-talk. In vitro, 100-nm nanoparticles were taken up readily by primary neurons, trafficking from the neuronal body and along the axons. We demonstrate that signaling between triple-negative breast cancer cells (4T1) and neurons involves secretion of cytokines stimulating neurite outgrowth. Reciprocally, neurons stimulated 4T1 proliferation, migration, and survival through secretion of neurotransmitters. Bupivacaine curbs neurite growth and signaling with cancer cells, inhibiting cancer cell viability. In vivo, bupivacaine-loaded nanoparticles intravenously administered suppressed neurons in orthotopic triple-negative breast cancer tumors, inhibiting tumor growth and metastatic dissemination. Overall, our findings suggest that reducing nerve involvement in tumors is important for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kaduri
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Mor Sela
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shaked Kagan
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Maria Poley
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Hanan Abumanhal-Masarweh
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- The Norman Seiden Multidisciplinary Program for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Patricia Mora-Raimundo
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Alberto Ouro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48080 Bilbao, Spain
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
- Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratory, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nitsan Dahan
- Life Sciences and Engineering Infrastructure Center, Lorry I. Lokey Interdisciplinary Center, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Pathology Institute, Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jeny Shklover
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Janna Shainsky-Roitman
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research and The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Avi Schroeder
- The Louis Family Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Immune cell compartmentalization for brain surveillance and protection. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:1083-1092. [PMID: 34429552 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades, it was commonly accepted that the brain is secluded from peripheral immune activity and is self-sufficient for its maintenance and repair. This simplistic perception was based on the presence of resident immune cells, the microglia, and barrier systems within the brain, and the assumption that the central nervous system (CNS) lacks lymphatic drainage. This view was revised with the discoveries that higher functions of the CNS, homeostasis and repair are supported by peripheral innate and adaptive immune cells. The findings of bone marrow-derived immune cells in specialized niches, and the renewed observation that a lymphatic drainage system exists within the brain, further contributed to this revised model. In this Review, we describe the immune niches within the brain, the contribution of professional immune cells to brain functions, the bidirectional relationships between the CNS and the immune system and the relevance of immune components to brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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21
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Tracey LJ, An Y, Justice MJ. CyTOF: An Emerging Technology for Single-Cell Proteomics in the Mouse. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e118. [PMID: 33887117 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ability to analyze the proteome of single cells is critical for the advancement of studies of steady-state and pathological processes. Mass cytometry, or CyTOF, combines principles of mass spectrometry and flow cytometry to enable single-cell analysis of protein expression. CyTOF can simultaneously assess DNA content and proteins and has the capacity to measure 40 to 100 parameters in each cell. Applying this technology to tissues or cells on slides, termed imaging mass cytometry (IMC), allows for visualization of normal and diseased tissues in situ. The high-dimensional proteomic analysis that can be undertaken with CyTOF and IMC has the potential to enhance our understanding of complex and heterogeneous developmental and disease pathways. This article will describe the CyTOF experimental workflow, including reagent selection, sample preparation, and data analysis. CyTOF is compared to flow cytometry, focusing on the strengths and weaknesses of these powerful techniques. Importantly, we review key studies in mouse models of human disease that highlight the strength of CyTOF and IMC to drive discovery research and therapeutic advancement. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Tracey
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yeji An
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Program in Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica J Justice
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Genetics and Genome Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Yao Y, Li Y, Ni W, Li Z, Feng L, Wang Y, Meng J, Zhao H. Systematic Study of Immune Cell Diversity in ischemic postconditioning Using High-Dimensional Single-Cell Analysis with Mass Cytometry. Aging Dis 2021; 12:812-825. [PMID: 34094644 PMCID: PMC8139206 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2020.1115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) is a concept of ischemic stroke treatment, in which several cycles of brief reocclusion after reperfusion are repeated. It is essential to have an accurate understanding of the immune response in IPostC. By using high parametric single-cell mass cytometry, immune cell subsets and characterize their unique functions from ischemic brain and peripheral blood were identified after IPostC. This study enabled us to better understand the immune cell phenotypical and functional characteristics in ischemic brain and peripheral blood at the single-cell and protein levels. Since some cell surface markers can serve as functional markers, reflecting the degree of inflammation, the cell surface marker intensity among different groups was analyzed. The results showed that downregulation of 4E-BP1 and p38 of Microglia and MoDM in the ischemic brain was involved in IPostC-induced protection. In the peripheral blood, downregulation of P38 of CD4 T cell and Treg has also participated in IPostC-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yaning Li
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weihua Ni
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhijun Li
- 2Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Liangshu Feng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jihong Meng
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heng Zhao
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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23
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Nazareth L, St John J, Murtaza M, Ekberg J. Phagocytosis by Peripheral Glia: Importance for Nervous System Functions and Implications in Injury and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660259. [PMID: 33898462 PMCID: PMC8060502 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has very limited capacity to regenerate after traumatic injury or disease. In contrast, the peripheral nervous system (PNS) has far greater capacity for regeneration. This difference can be partly attributed to variances in glial-mediated functions, such as axon guidance, structural support, secretion of growth factors and phagocytic activity. Due to their growth-promoting characteristic, transplantation of PNS glia has been trialed for neural repair. After peripheral nerve injuries, Schwann cells (SCs, the main PNS glia) phagocytose myelin debris and attract macrophages to the injury site to aid in debris clearance. One peripheral nerve, the olfactory nerve, is unique in that it continuously regenerates throughout life. The olfactory nerve glia, olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), are the primary phagocytes within this nerve, continuously clearing axonal debris arising from the normal regeneration of the nerve and after injury. In contrast to SCs, OECs do not appear to attract macrophages. SCs and OECs also respond to and phagocytose bacteria, a function likely critical for tackling microbial invasion of the CNS via peripheral nerves. However, phagocytosis is not always effective; inflammation, aging and/or genetic factors may contribute to compromised phagocytic activity. Here, we highlight the diverse roles of SCs and OECs with the focus on their phagocytic activity under physiological and pathological conditions. We also explore why understanding the contribution of peripheral glia phagocytosis may provide us with translational strategies for achieving axonal regeneration of the injured nervous system and potentially for the treatment of certain neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn Nazareth
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - James St John
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Mariyam Murtaza
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
| | - Jenny Ekberg
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia.,Clem Jones Centre for Neurobiology and Stem Cell Research, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia.,Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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24
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Novel Technologies in Studying Brain Immune Response. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6694566. [PMID: 33791073 PMCID: PMC7997736 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6694566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the immune system, including both the adaptive and innate immune systems, proved to be essential and critical to brain damage and recovery in the pathogenesis of several diseases, opening a new avenue for developing new immunomodulatory therapies and novel treatments for many neurological diseases. However, due to the specificity and structural complexity of the central nervous system (CNS), and the limit of the related technologies, the biology of the immune response in the brain is still poorly understood. Here, we discuss the application of novel technologies in studying the brain immune response, including single-cell RNA analysis, cytometry by time-of-flight, and whole-genome transcriptomic and proteomic analysis. We believe that advancements in technology related to immune research will provide an optimistic future for brain repair.
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25
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Yan J, Zhao Q, Wang J, Tian X, Wang J, Xia X, Ott M, Rao G, Heimberger AB, Li S. FGL2-wired macrophages secrete CXCL7 to regulate the stem-like functionality of glioma cells. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:83-94. [PMID: 33676940 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to underlie glioma initiation, evolution, resistance to therapies, and relapse. They are defined by their capacity to initiate glioma in immunocompromised mice which precludes analysis of their interaction with immune cells. Macrophages dominate the immune cell composition in glioma. We hypothesized that stemness and immune evasion induced by macrophages are closed intertwined in glioma. By using mass cytometry and RNA sequencing, we reveal that in immunocompetent mice, FGL2 promotes the stem-like phenotypes of glioma cells in an expression level-dependent manner. Mechanistically, FGL2-producing glioma cells recruit macrophages into the tumor microenvironment and induce the macrophages to secrete CXCL7 via the CD16/SyK/PI3K/HIF1α pathways. CXCL7, in turn, enhances the stem-like functionality of glioma cells, resulting in an increase in tumor incidence and progression that can be blocked with a neutralizing anti-CXCL7 antibody. Clinically, the FGL2-CXCL7 paracrine loop positively correlated with a higher macrophage signature and poorer prognosis in glioma patients. Thus, glioma cells' stem-like functionality is regulated by FGL2 in the presence of macrophages, and the FGL2-CXCL7 paracrine signaling axis is critical for regulating this function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Laboratory of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Ministry of Science and Technology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Qingnan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiangjun Tian
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics & Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xueqing Xia
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Martina Ott
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ganesh Rao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shulin Li
- Department of Pediatrics-Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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26
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Xu J, Wang J, Wang X, Tan R, Qi X, Liu Z, Qu H, Pan T, Zhan Q, Zuo Y, Yang W, Liu J. Soluble PD-L1 improved direct ARDS by reducing monocyte-derived macrophages. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:934. [PMID: 33127884 PMCID: PMC7596316 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03139-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is common in intensive care units (ICUs), although it is associated with high mortality, no effective pharmacological treatments are currently available. Despite being poorly understood, the role of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis in ARDS may provide significant insights into the immunosuppressive mechanisms that occur after ARDS. In the present study, we observed that the level of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1), a potential activator of the PD-1 pathway, was upregulated in survivors of direct ARDS than in non-survivors. Administration of sPD-L1 in mice with direct ARDS relieved inflammatory lung injury and improved the survival rate, indicating the protective role of sPD-L1 in direct ARDS. Using high-throughput mass cytometry, we found a marked decrease in the number of lung monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) with proinflammatory markers, and the protective role of sPD-L1 diminished in ARDS mice with monocyte/macrophage depletion. Furthermore, PD-1 expression increased in the MDMs of patients and mice with direct ARDS. Finally, we showed that sPD-L1 induced MDM apoptosis in patients with direct ARDS. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the engagement of sPD-L1 on PD-1 expressing macrophages resulted in a decrease in pro-inflammatory macrophages and eventually improved direct ARDS. Our study identified a prognostic indicator for patients with direct ARDS and a potential target for therapeutic development in direct ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruoming Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoling Qi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongping Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Pan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhan
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jialin Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Zilkha-Falb R, Rachutin-Zalogin T, Cleaver L, Gurevich M, Achiron A. RAM-589.555 favors neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory profile of CNS-resident glial cells in acute relapse EAE affected mice. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:313. [PMID: 33081798 PMCID: PMC7576835 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-01983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Targeting RNA polymerase-1 (POL1) machinery is a new strategy for suppression of multiple sclerosis (MS) relapse activity. Oral administration of POL1 inhibitor RAM-589.555, which is characterized by high permeability and bioavailability in naïve mice, ameliorates proteolipid protein (PLP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by suppressing activated autoreactive lymphocytes. We assessed the accessibility of RAM-589.555 to the central nervous system (CNS) of EAE-mice and further investigated its immunomodulatory effects on CNS-resident astro- and micro-glial cells in-vitro and in-vivo. Methods Effects of RAM-589.555 on activated microglia and astrocyte viability, proliferation, and secretion of neurotrophic factors were assessed in-vitro. The pharmacokinetic of RAM-589.555 was evaluated in the blood and central nervous system (CNS) of EAE-affected mice. High-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry was applied to characterize the effect of RAM-589.555 on EAE-affected mice’s CNS-resident micro- and astroglial cells and CNS-infiltrating immune cells, which were obtained seven days after RAM-589.555 administration at EAE onset. Simultaneously, the expression level of pre-rRNA, the POL1 end product, was assessed in blood cells, microglia, and astrocytes to monitor RAM-589.555 effects. Results RAM-589.555 demonstrated blood and CNS permeability in EAE mice. In-vitro, incubation with 400 nM of RAM-589.555 significantly reduced viability and proliferation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia by 70% and 45% (p < 0.05), respectively, while tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-activated astrocytes were not affected. The secretion of neurotrophic factors was preserved. Furthermore, 7 days after administration of RAM-589.555 at EAE onset, the level of pre-rRNA transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was decreased by 38.6% (p = 0.02), while levels of pre-rRNA transcript in microglia and astrocytes remained unchanged. The high-dimensional single-cell mass cytometry analysis showed decreased percentages of CNS-resident microglia and astrocytes, diminished pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-17, TNFα, and IFNγ), and an increase of their anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and TGFβ) in RAM-589.555-treated compared to vehicle-treated mice (p < 0.05). Conclusions These data correlate RAM-589.555-induced clinical amelioration and its CNS-permeability to decreased CNS-inflammation, and decreased micro- and astrogliosis, while restoring micro- and astroglial anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Zilkha-Falb
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
| | | | - Lakota Cleaver
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anat Achiron
- Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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28
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Bounab Y, Eyer K, Dixneuf S, Rybczynska M, Chauvel C, Mistretta M, Tran T, Aymerich N, Chenon G, Llitjos JF, Venet F, Monneret G, Gillespie IA, Cortez P, Moucadel V, Pachot A, Troesch A, Leissner P, Textoris J, Bibette J, Guyard C, Baudry J, Griffiths AD, Védrine C. Dynamic single-cell phenotyping of immune cells using the microfluidic platform DropMap. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:2920-2955. [PMID: 32788719 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-0354-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Characterization of immune responses is currently hampered by the lack of systems enabling quantitative and dynamic phenotypic characterization of individual cells and, in particular, analysis of secreted proteins such as cytokines and antibodies. We recently developed a simple and robust microfluidic platform, DropMap, to measure simultaneously the kinetics of secretion and other cellular characteristics, including endocytosis activity, viability and expression of cell-surface markers, from tens of thousands of single immune cells. Single cells are compartmentalized in 50-pL droplets and analyzed using fluorescence microscopy combined with an immunoassay based on fluorescence relocation to paramagnetic nanoparticles aligned to form beadlines in a magnetic field. The protocol typically takes 8-10 h after preparation of microfluidic chips and chambers, which can be done in advance. By contrast, enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), flow cytometry, time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), and single-cell sequencing enable only end-point measurements and do not enable direct, quantitative measurement of secreted proteins. We illustrate how this system can be used to profile downregulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion by single monocytes in septic shock patients, to study immune responses by measuring rates of cytokine secretion from single T cells, and to measure affinity of antibodies secreted by single B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacine Bounab
- BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Lyon, France.,Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Klaus Eyer
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.,Laboratory for Functional Immune Repertoire Analysis, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, D-CHAB, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Dixneuf
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Magda Rybczynska
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Chauvel
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Trang Tran
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Aymerich
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Guilhem Chenon
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | | | - Fabienne Venet
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Guillaume Monneret
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Immunology Laboratory, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Iain A Gillespie
- Value, Evidence & Outcomes, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, UK
| | | | - Virginie Moucadel
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Pachot
- Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France
| | - Alain Troesch
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Leissner
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Julien Textoris
- EA7426-Pathophysiology of Injury-Induced Immunosuppression, Université Claude Bernard Lyon-1 - HCL - bioMérieux, Lyon, France.,Medical Diagnostic Discovery Department (MD3), bioMérieux S.A., Lyon, France.,Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Lyon, France
| | - Jérôme Bibette
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Guyard
- Biological Microsystems and Advanced Optics Engineering Unit, BIOASTER Technology Research Institute, Paris, France
| | - Jean Baudry
- Laboratoire de Colloïdes et Matériaux Divisés (LCMD), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.
| | - Andrew D Griffiths
- Laboratoire de Biochimie (LBC), École Supérieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), CNRS UMR8231, Paris, France.
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Systematic Study of the Immune Components after Ischemic Stroke Using CyTOF Techniques. J Immunol Res 2020; 2020:9132410. [PMID: 32908941 PMCID: PMC7474762 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9132410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke induces a robust inflammatory response. However, it still lacks a systematic view of the various immune cell types due to the limited numbers of fluorophore used in the traditional FACS technique. In our current study, we utilized the novel technique mass cytometry (CyTOF) to analyze multiple immune cell types. We detected these immune cells from the ischemic brain, peripheral blood, spleen, and bone marrow at different time courses after stroke. Our data showed (1) dynamic changes in the immune cell numbers in the ischemic brain and peripheral organs. (2) The expression levels of cell surface markers indicate the inflammation response status after stroke. Interestingly, CD62L, a key adhesion molecule, regulates the migration of leukocytes from blood vessels into secondary lymphoid tissues and peripheral tissues. (3) A strong leukocyte network across the brain and peripheral immune organs was identified using the R program at day 1 after ischemia, suggesting that the peripheral immune cells dramatically migrated into the ischemic areas after stroke. This study provides a systematic, wide view of the immune components in the brain and peripheral organs for a deep understanding of the immune response after ischemic stroke.
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30
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Machhi J, Kevadiya BD, Muhammad IK, Herskovitz J, Olson KE, Mosley RL, Gendelman HE. Harnessing regulatory T cell neuroprotective activities for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurodegener 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 32503641 PMCID: PMC7275301 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-020-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that adaptive immunity influences the pathobiology of neurodegenerative disorders. Misfolded aggregated self-proteins can break immune tolerance leading to the induction of autoreactive effector T cells (Teffs) with associated decreases in anti-inflammatory neuroprotective regulatory T cells (Tregs). An imbalance between Teffs and Tregs leads to microglial activation, inflammation and neuronal injury. The cascade of such a disordered immunity includes the drainage of the aggregated protein antigens into cervical lymph nodes serving to amplify effector immune responses. Both preclinical and clinical studies demonstrate transformation of this altered immunity for therapeutic gain. We posit that the signs and symptoms of common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke can be attenuated by boosting Treg activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatin Machhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Bhavesh D. Kevadiya
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94304 USA
| | - Ijaz Khan Muhammad
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Swabi, Anbar Swabi, 23561 Pakistan
| | - Jonathan Herskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Katherine E. Olson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - R. Lee Mosley
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
| | - Howard E. Gendelman
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, Center for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880 USA
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31
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Norton SE, Leman JKH, Khong T, Spencer A, Fazekas de St Groth B, McGuire HM, Kemp RA. Brick plots: an intuitive platform for visualizing multiparametric immunophenotyped cell clusters. BMC Bioinformatics 2020; 21:145. [PMID: 32293253 PMCID: PMC7158154 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-020-3469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of mass cytometry has dramatically increased the parameter limit for immunological analysis. New approaches to analysing high parameter cytometry data have been developed to ease analysis of these complex datasets. Many of these methods assign cells into population clusters based on protein expression similarity. RESULTS Here we introduce an additional method, termed Brick plots, to visualize these cluster phenotypes in a simplified and intuitive manner. The Brick plot method generates a two-dimensional barcode that displays the phenotype of each cluster in relation to the entire dataset. We show that Brick plots can be used to visualize complex mass cytometry data, both from fundamental research and clinical trials, as well as flow cytometry data. CONCLUSION Brick plots represent a new approach to visualize complex immunological data in an intuitive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel E Norton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Julia K H Leman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tiffany Khong
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Alfred Hospital-Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Malignant Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew Spencer
- Myeloma Research Group, Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Alfred Hospital-Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Malignant Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Barbara Fazekas de St Groth
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Helen M McGuire
- Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology, The University of Sydney and Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.
- Discipline of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Roslyn A Kemp
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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32
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A whole-tissue RNA-seq toolkit for organism-wide studies of gene expression with PME-seq. Nat Protoc 2020; 15:1459-1483. [PMID: 32076350 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0291-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The immune system operates at the scale of the whole organism in mammals. We currently lack experimental approaches to systematically track and study organism-wide molecular processes in mice. Here we describe an integrated toolkit for measuring gene expression in whole tissues, 3-prime mRNA extension sequencing, that is applicable to most mouse organs and any mouse model of interest. Further, the methods of RNA-seq described in this protocol are broadly applicable to other sample types beyond whole organs, such as tissue samples or isolated cell populations. We report procedures to collect, store and lyse a dozen organ types using conditions compatible with the extraction of high-quality RNA. In addition, we detail protocols to perform high-throughput and low-cost RNA extraction and sequencing, as well as downstream data analysis. The protocol takes 5 d to process 384 mouse organs from collecting tissues to obtaining raw sequencing data, with additional time required for data analysis and mining. The protocol is accessible to individuals with basic skills in (i) mouse perfusion and dissection for sample collection and (ii) computation using Unix and R for data analysis. Overall, the methods presented here fill a gap in our toolbox for studying organism-wide processes in immunology and physiology.
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33
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Korin B, Avraham S, Azulay-Debby H, Farfara D, Hakim F, Rolls A. Short-term sleep deprivation in mice induces B cell migration to the brain compartment. Sleep 2020; 43:5573803. [PMID: 31553459 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsz222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlight the involvement of immune cells in brain activity and its dysfunction. The brain's immune compartment is a dynamic ensemble of cells that can fluctuate even in naive animals. However, the dynamics and factors that can affect the composition of immune cells in the naive brain are largely unknown. Here, we examined whether acute sleep deprivation can affect the brain's immune compartment (parenchyma, meninges, and choroid plexus). Using high-dimensional mass cytometry analysis, we broadly characterized the effects of short-term sleep deprivation on the immune composition in the mouse brain. We found that after 6 h of sleep deprivation, there was a significant increase in the abundance of B cells in the brain compartment. This effect can be accounted for, at least in part, by the elevated expression of the migration-related receptor, CXCR5, on B cells and its ligand, cxcl13, in the meninges following sleep deprivation. Thus, our study reveals that short-term sleep deprivation affects the brain's immune compartment, offering a new insight into how sleep disorders can affect brain function and potentially contribute to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Korin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Shimrit Avraham
- Department of Cell Biology and Cancer Science, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hilla Azulay-Debby
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Dorit Farfara
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Fahed Hakim
- Pediatric Pulmonary Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Cancer Research Center, EMMS Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Asya Rolls
- Department of Neuroscience, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Department of Immunology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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34
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Hodo TW, de Aquino MTP, Shimamoto A, Shanker A. Critical Neurotransmitters in the Neuroimmune Network. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1869. [PMID: 32973771 PMCID: PMC7472989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of cell surface and transmembrane receptors and ligands, membrane vesicles, junctions, ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, and transporters. During a crosstalk between the nervous system and the immune system these modes of cellular communication and the downstream signal transduction events are influenced by neurotransmitters present in the local tissue environments in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Neurotransmitters thus influence innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, immune cells send signals to the brain through cytokines, and are present in the brain to influence neural responses. Altered communication between the nervous and immune systems is emerging as a common feature in neurodegenerative and immunopathological diseases. Here, we present the mechanistic frameworks of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects critical neurotransmitters - dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), substance P (trifluoroacetate salt powder), and L-glutamate - exert on lymphocytes and non-lymphoid immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible roles neurotransmitter-driven neuroimmune networks play in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and outline potential clinical implications of balancing neuroimmune crosstalk by therapeutic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wesley Hodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria Teresa Prudente de Aquino
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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35
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Abstract
The symptoms of Alzheimer disease reflect a loss of neural circuit integrity in the brain, but neurons do not work in isolation. Emerging evidence suggests that the intricate balance of interactions between neurons, astrocytes, microglia and vascular cells required for healthy brain function becomes perturbed during the disease, with early changes likely protecting neural circuits from damage, followed later by harmful effects when the balance cannot be restored. Moving beyond a neuronal focus to understand the complex cellular interactions in Alzheimer disease and how these change throughout the course of the disease may provide important insight into developing effective therapeutics.
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36
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Qualifying antibodies for image-based immune profiling and multiplexed tissue imaging. Nat Protoc 2019; 14:2900-2930. [PMID: 31534232 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-019-0206-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Multiplexed tissue imaging enables precise, spatially resolved enumeration and characterization of cell types and states in human resection specimens. A growing number of methods applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections have been described, the majority of which rely on antibodies for antigen detection and mapping. This protocol provides step-by-step procedures for confirming the selectivity and specificity of antibodies used in fluorescence-based tissue imaging and for the construction and validation of antibody panels. Although the protocol is implemented using tissue-based cyclic immunofluorescence (t-CyCIF) as an imaging platform, these antibody-testing methods are broadly applicable. We demonstrate assembly of a 16-antibody panel for enumerating and localizing T cells and B cells, macrophages, and cells expressing immune checkpoint regulators. The protocol is accessible to individuals with experience in microscopy and immunofluorescence; some experience in computation is required for data analysis. A typical 30-antibody dataset for 20 FFPE slides can be generated within 2 weeks.
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37
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Uzhachenko RV, Shanker A. CD8 + T Lymphocyte and NK Cell Network: Circuitry in the Cytotoxic Domain of Immunity. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1906. [PMID: 31456803 PMCID: PMC6700470 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple effector layers in the immune system ensure an optimal temporal and spatial distribution of immune defense. Cytotoxic innate lymphoid natural killers (NK) and adaptive CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) interact to elicit specific cytolytic outcomes. The CTL carry antigen-specific T cell receptors (TCR) to recognize cognate peptides bound with major histocompatibility complex class-I (MHC-I) or human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules on target cells. Upon TCR engagement with MHC-I:peptide at a threshold of avidity, T cell intracellular programs converge into cytolytic activity. By contrast, NK cells lack antigen-specific receptors but express a repertoire of highly polymorphic and polygenic inhibitory and activating receptors that bind various ligands including MHC and like molecules. A highly calibrated maturation enables NK cells to eliminate target cells with lowered or absent MHC-I or induced MHC-I-related molecules while maintaining their tolerance toward self-MHC. Both CTL and mature NK cells undergo membranous reorganization and express various effector molecules to eliminate aberrant cells undergoing a stress of transformation, infection or other pathological noxa. Here, we present the cellular modules that underlie the CTL–NK circuitry to maximize their effector cooperativity against stressed or cancerous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman V Uzhachenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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38
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Yao H, Zhao H, Zhao X, Pan X, Feng J, Xu F, Zhang S, Zhang X. Label-free Mass Cytometry for Unveiling Cellular Metabolic Heterogeneity. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9777-9783. [PMID: 31242386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive analysis of single-cell metabolites is critical since differences in cellular chemical compositions give rise to specialized biological functions. Herein, we propose a label-free mass cytometry by coupling flow cytometry to ESI-MS (named CyESI-MS) for high-coverage and high-throughput detection of cellular metabolites. Cells in suspension were isolated, online extracted by sheath fluid, and lysed during gas-assisted electrospray, followed by real-time MS analysis. Hundreds of metabolites, including nucleotides, amino acids, peptides, carbohydrates, fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, were detected and identified from one single cell. Discrimination of four types of cancer cell lines and even three subtypes of breast cancer cells was readily achieved using their distinct metabolic profiles. Furthermore, we screened out 102 characteristic ions from 615 detected peak signals for distinguishing breast cancer cell subtypes and identified 40 characteristic molecules which exhibited significant differences among these subtypes and would be potential metabolic markers for clinical diagnosis. CyESI-MS is expected to be a new-generation mass cytometry for studying cell heterogeneity on the metabolic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Yao
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Hansen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Pan
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Jiaxin Feng
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Fujian Xu
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Sichun Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P.R. China
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39
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40
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Sinha N, Subedi N, Tel J. Integrating Immunology and Microfluidics for Single Immune Cell Analysis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2373. [PMID: 30459757 PMCID: PMC6232771 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of immunoengineering aims to develop novel therapies and modern vaccines to manipulate and modulate the immune system and applies innovative technologies toward improved understanding of the immune system in health and disease. Microfluidics has proven to be an excellent technology for analytics in biology and chemistry. From simple microsystem chips to complex microfluidic designs, these platforms have witnessed an immense growth over the last decades with frequent emergence of new designs. Microfluidics provides a highly robust and precise tool which led to its widespread application in single-cell analysis of immune cells. Single-cell analysis allows scientists to account for the heterogeneous behavior of immune cells which often gets overshadowed when conventional bulk study methods are used. Application of single-cell analysis using microfluidics has facilitated the identification of several novel functional immune cell subsets, quantification of signaling molecules, and understanding of cellular communication and signaling pathways. Single-cell analysis research in combination with microfluidics has paved the way for the development of novel therapies, point-of-care diagnostics, and even more complex microfluidic platforms that aid in creating in vitro cellular microenvironments for applications in drug and toxicity screening. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview on the integration of microsystems and microfluidics with immunology and focus on different designs developed to decode single immune cell behavior and cellular communication. We have categorized the microfluidic designs in three specific categories: microfluidic chips with cell traps, valve-based microfluidics, and droplet microfluidics that have facilitated the ongoing research in the field of immunology at single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Sinha
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Nikita Subedi
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Jurjen Tel
- Laboratory of Immunoengineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
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41
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Rangaraju S, Dammer EB, Raza SA, Rathakrishnan P, Xiao H, Gao T, Duong DM, Pennington MW, Lah JJ, Seyfried NT, Levey AI. Identification and therapeutic modulation of a pro-inflammatory subset of disease-associated-microglia in Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2018; 13:24. [PMID: 29784049 PMCID: PMC5963076 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-018-0254-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Disease-associated-microglia (DAM) represent transcriptionally-distinct and neurodegeneration-specific microglial profiles with unclear significance in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). An understanding of heterogeneity within DAM and their key regulators may guide pre-clinical experimentation and drug discovery. Methods Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to existing microglial transcriptomic datasets from neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disease mouse models to identify modules of highly co-expressed genes. These modules were contrasted with known signatures of homeostatic microglia and DAM to reveal novel molecular heterogeneity within DAM. Flow cytometric validation studies were performed to confirm existence of distinct DAM sub-populations in AD mouse models predicted by WGCNA. Gene ontology analyses coupled with bioinformatics approaches revealed drug targets and transcriptional regulators of microglial modules predicted to favorably modulate neuroinflammation in AD. These guided in-vivo and in-vitro studies in mouse models of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration (5xFAD) to determine whether inhibition of pro-inflammatory gene expression and promotion of amyloid clearance was feasible. We determined the human relevance of these findings by integrating our results with AD genome-wide association studies and human AD and non-disease post-mortem brain proteomes. Results WGCNA applied to microglial gene expression data revealed a transcriptomic framework of microglial activation that predicted distinct pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes within DAM, which we confirmed in AD and aging models by flow cytometry. Pro-inflammatory DAM emerged earlier in mouse models of AD and were characterized by pro-inflammatory genes (Tlr2, Ptgs2, Il12b, Il1b), surface marker CD44, potassium channel Kv1.3 and regulators (NFkb, Stat1, RelA) while anti-inflammatory DAM expressed phagocytic genes (Igf1, Apoe, Myo1e), surface marker CXCR4 with distinct regulators (LXRα/β, Atf1). As neuro-immunomodulatory strategies, we validated LXRα/β agonism and Kv1.3 blockade by ShK-223 peptide that promoted anti-inflammatory DAM, inhibited pro-inflammatory DAM and augmented Aβ clearance in AD models. Human AD-risk genes were highly represented within homeostatic microglia suggesting causal roles for early microglial dysregulation in AD. Pro-inflammatory DAM proteins were positively associated with neuropathology and preceded cognitive decline confirming the therapeutic relevance of inhibiting pro-inflammatory DAM in AD. Conclusions We provide a predictive transcriptomic framework of microglial activation in neurodegeneration that can guide pre-clinical studies to characterize and therapeutically modulate neuroinflammation in AD. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13024-018-0254-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric B Dammer
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Syed Ali Raza
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Hailian Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - James J Lah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Allan I Levey
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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