1
|
Casares-Jimenez M, Rivero-Juarez A, Lopez-Lopez P, Montes ML, Navarro-Soler R, Peraire J, Espinosa N, Alemán-Valls MR, Garcia-Garcia T, Caballero-Gomez J, Corona-Mata D, Perez-Valero I, Ulrich RG, Rivero A. Rat hepatitis E virus ( Rocahepevirus ratti) in people living with HIV. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2295389. [PMID: 38095070 PMCID: PMC10763910 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2295389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023]
Abstract
Rat hepatitis E virus (ratHEV; species Rocahepevirus ratti) is considered a newly emerging cause of acute hepatitis of zoonotic origin. ratHEV infection of people living with HIV (PLWH) might portend a worse, as with hepatitis E virus (HEV; species Paslahepevirus balayani), and consequently this group may constitute a high-risk population. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ratHEV by measuring viral RNA and specific IgG antibodies in a large Spanish cohort of PLWH. Multicentre study conducted in Spain evaluating PLWHIV included in the Spanish AIDS Research Network (CoRIS). Patients were evaluated for ratHEV infection using PCR at baseline and anti-ratHEV IgG by dot blot analysis to evaluate exposure to ratHEV strains. Patients with detectable ratHEV RNA were followed-up to evaluate persistence of viremia and IgG seroconversion. Eight-hundred and forty-two individuals were tested. A total of 9 individuals showed specific IgG antibodies against ratHEV, supposing a prevalence of 1.1 (95% CI; 0.5%-2.1%). Of these, only one was reactive to HEV IgG antibodies by ELISA. One sample was positive for ratHEV RNA (prevalence of infection: 0.1%; 95% CI: 0.08%-0.7%). The case was a man who had sex with men exhibiting a slightly increased alanine transaminase level (49 IU/L) as only biochemical alteration. In the follow-up, the patients showed undetectable ratHEV RNA and seroconversion to specific ratHEV IgG antibodies. Our study shows that ratHEV is geographical broadly distributed in Spain, representing a potential zoonotic threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Casares-Jimenez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Lopez-Lopez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- HIV Unit, Internal Medicine Service, La Paz University Hospital, IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Joaquín Peraire
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Joan XXIII University Hospital, IISPV, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology Unit, Virgen del Rocío University Hospital, CSIC, IbIS, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Tránsito Garcia-Garcia
- Immunogenomic and Molecular Pathogenesis, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), Genetic Department, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gomez
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Animal Health Unit, Zoonoses and Emerging diseases Unit (ENZOEM), University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Diana Corona-Mata
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Perez-Valero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rainer G. Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Instituto for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER on Infectious Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Khan N, Kakakhel S, Malik A, Nigar K, Akhtar S, Khan AA, Khan A. Genetic substructure and host-specific natural selection trend across vaccine-candidate ORF-2 capsid protein of hepatitis-E virus. J Viral Hepat 2024; 31:524-534. [PMID: 38804127 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is a primary cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. The present study attempts to assess the genetic variability and evolutionary divergence among HEV genotypes. A vaccine promising capsid-protein coding ORF-2 gene sequences of HEV was evaluated using phylogenetics, model-based population genetic methods and principal component analysis. The analyses unveiled nine distinct clusters as subpopulations for six HEV genotypes. HEV-3 genotype samples stratified into four different subgroups, while HEV-4 stratified into three additional subclusters. Rabbit-infectious HEV-3ra samples constitute a distinct cluster. Pairwise analysis identified marked genetic distinction of HEV-4c and HEV-4i subgenotypes compared to other genotypes. Numerous admixed, inter and intragenotype recombinant strains were detected. The MEME method identified several ORF-2 codon sites under positive selection. Some selection signatures lead to amino acid substitutions within ORF-2, resulting in altered physicochemical features. Moreover, a pattern of host-specific adaptive signatures was identified among HEV genotypes. The analyses conclusively depict that recombination and episodic positive selection events have shaped the observed genetic diversity among different HEV genotypes. The significant genetic diversity and stratification of HEV-3 and HEV-4 genotypes into subgroups, as identified in the current study, are noteworthy and may have implications for the efficacy of anti-HEV vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Kakakhel
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kiran Nigar
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Suhail Akhtar
- Department of Biochemistry, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences, Kirksville, Missouri, USA
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asifullah Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu T, Zheng CY, Deng YQ, Yang XF, Bao WM, Tang YM. Systematic Evaluation of Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatitis E Virus Infection. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2024; 12:739-749. [PMID: 39130619 PMCID: PMC11310757 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2023.00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic disease, and infection with HEV in humans primarily causes acute infections and can progress to chronic manifestation in immunocompromised individuals. Over the past decade, guidelines for diagnosing and treating HEV infection have been developed. This study aimed to systematically assess the quality of current guidelines for diagnosing and treating HEV infection, and we analyzed the differences in guideline quality and primary recommendations and explored possible reasons for these differences. Methods Guidelines published between 2013 and 2022 were searched, and studies were identified using selection criteria. The study assessed the quality of the included guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation tool, extracted the primary recommendations in the guidelines, determined the highest level of evidence supporting the recommendations, and reclassified the evidence using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine grading system. Results Seven guidelines were included in the final analysis. The quality of the guidelines varied widely. The discrepancies may have been caused by the lack of external experts, the failure to consider influencing factors in guideline application, and the lack of consideration of the public's opinion. Analysis of the heterogeneity in primary recommendations revealed differences in algorithms for managing chronic HEV infection, the dosage of ribavirin, and a low level of evidence supporting the primary recommendations. Conclusions Guideline quality and primary recommendations vary considerably. Refinement by guideline developers and researchers would facilitate updating and applying guidelines for diagnosing and treating HEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Cai-Ying Zheng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yan-Qin Deng
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Yang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wei-Min Bao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ying-Mei Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ferrié M, Alexandre V, Montpellier C, Bouquet P, Tubiana T, Mézière L, Ankavay M, Bentaleb C, Dubuisson J, Bressanelli S, Aliouat-Denis CM, Rouillé Y, Cocquerel L. The AP-1 adaptor complex is essential for intracellular trafficking of the ORF2 capsid protein and assembly of Hepatitis E virus. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:335. [PMID: 39117755 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05367-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Although the Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging global health burden, little is known about its interaction with the host cell. HEV genome encodes three proteins including the ORF2 capsid protein that is produced in different forms, the ORF2i protein which is the structural component of viral particles, and the ORF2g/c proteins which are massively secreted but are not associated with infectious material. We recently demonstrated that the endocytic recycling compartment (ERC) is hijacked by HEV to serve as a viral factory. However, host determinants involved in the subcellular shuttling of viral proteins to viral factories are unknown. Here, we demonstrate that the AP-1 adaptor complex plays a pivotal role in the targeting of ORF2i protein to viral factories. This complex belongs to the family of adaptor proteins that are involved in vesicular transport between the trans-Golgi network and early/recycling endosomes. An interplay between the AP-1 complex and viral protein(s) has been described for several viral lifecycles. In the present study, we demonstrated that the ORF2i protein colocalizes and interacts with the AP-1 adaptor complex in HEV-producing or infected cells. We showed that silencing or drug-inhibition of the AP-1 complex prevents ORF2i protein localization in viral factories and reduces viral production in hepatocytes. Modeling of the ORF2i/AP-1 complex also revealed that the S domain of ORF2i likely interacts with the σ1 subunit of AP-1 complex. Hence, our study identified for the first time a host factor involved in addressing HEV proteins (i.e. ORF2i protein) to viral factories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ferrié
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Virginie Alexandre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Claire Montpellier
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Peggy Bouquet
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Thibault Tubiana
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Léa Mézière
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Maliki Ankavay
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cyrine Bentaleb
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Stéphane Bressanelli
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Cécile-Marie Aliouat-Denis
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Yves Rouillé
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France
| | - Laurence Cocquerel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Lille, F-59000, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kanda T, Li TC, Takahashi M, Nagashima S, Primadharsini PP, Kunita S, Sasaki-Tanaka R, Inoue J, Tsuchiya A, Nakamoto S, Abe R, Fujiwara K, Yokosuka O, Suzuki R, Ishii K, Yotsuyanagi H, Okamoto H. Recent advances in hepatitis E virus research and the Japanese clinical practice guidelines for hepatitis E virus infection. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:1-30. [PMID: 38874115 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Acute hepatitis E was considered rare until reports emerged affirming the existence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes 3 and 4 infections in Japan in the early 2000s. Extensive studies by Japanese researchers have highlighted the pivotal role of pigs and wild animals, such as wild boars and deer, as reservoirs for HEV, linking them to zoonotic infections in Japan. Currently, when hepatitis occurs subsequent to the consumption of undercooked or grilled pork, wild boar meat, or offal (including pig liver and intestines), HEV infection should be considered. Following the approval of anti-HEV immunoglobulin A antibody as a diagnostic tool for hepatitis E by Japan's Health Insurance System in 2011, the annual number of diagnosed cases of HEV infection has surged. Notably, the occurrence of post-transfusion hepatitis E promoted nationwide screening of blood products for HEV using nucleic acid amplification tests since 2020. Furthermore, chronic hepatitis E has been observed in immunosuppressed individuals. Considering the significance of hepatitis E, heightened preventive measures are essential. The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV and HEV) Study Group, which includes special virologists and hepatologists, held a virtual meeting on February 17, 2024. Discussions encompassed pathogenesis, transmission routes, diagnosis, complications, severity factors, and ongoing and prospective vaccination or treatments for hepatitis E. Rigorous assessment of referenced studies culminated in the formulation of recommendations, which are detailed within this review. This comprehensive review presents recent advancements in HEV research and Japanese clinical practice guidelines for HEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kanda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minamiuonuma, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Tian-Cheng Li
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Takahashi
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Nagashima
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Putu Prathiwi Primadharsini
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kunita
- Center for Experimental Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Reina Sasaki-Tanaka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jun Inoue
- Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsunori Tsuchiya
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Shingo Nakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Abe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fujiwara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Osamu Yokosuka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Suzuki
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ishii
- Department of Quality Assurance and Radiological Protection, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Applied Immunology, Hospital of the Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Okamoto
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
He Q, Liu T, Yang X, Yuan D, Lu Q, Li Y, Zhang H, Liu X, Xia C, Sridhar S, Tian L, Liu X, Meng L, Ning J, Lu F, Wang L, Yin X, Wang L. Optimization of immunosuppression strategies for the establishment of chronic hepatitis E virus infection in rabbits. J Virol 2024; 98:e0084624. [PMID: 38899900 PMCID: PMC11264948 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00846-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis E mostly occurs in organ transplant recipients and can lead to rapid liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. Previous studies found that the development of chronic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is linked to the type of immunosuppressant used. Animal models are crucial for the study of pathogenesis of chronic hepatitis E. We previously established a stable chronic HEV infection rabbit model using cyclosporine A (CsA), a calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based immunosuppressant. However, the immunosuppression strategy and timing may be optimized, and how different types of immunosuppressants affect the establishment of chronic HEV infection in this model is still unknown. Here, we showed that chronic HEV infection can be established in 100% of rabbits when CsA treatment was started at HEV challenge or even 4 weeks after. Tacrolimus or prednisolone treatment alone also contributed to chronic HEV infection, resulting in 100% and 77.8% chronicity rates, respectively, while mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) only led to a 28.6% chronicity rate. Chronic HEV infection was accompanied with a persistent activation of innate immune response evidenced by transcriptome analysis. The suppressed adaptive immune response evidenced by low expression of genes related to cytotoxicity (like perforin and FasL) and low anti-HEV seroconversion rates may play important roles in causing chronic HEV infection. By analyzing HEV antigen concentrations with different infection outcomes, we also found that HEV antigen levels could indicate chronic HEV infection development. This study optimized the immunosuppression strategies for establishing chronic HEV infection in rabbits and highlighted the potential association between the development of chronic HEV infection and immunosuppressants.IMPORTANCEOrgan transplant recipients are at high risk of chronic hepatitis E and generally receive a CNI-based immunosuppression regimen containing CNI (tacrolimus or CsA), MMF, and/or corticosteroids. Previously, we established stable chronic HEV infection in a rabbit model by using CsA before HEV challenge. In this study, we further optimized the immunosuppression strategies for establishing chronic HEV infection in rabbits. Chronic HEV infection can also be established when CsA treatment was started at the same time or even 4 weeks after HEV challenge, clearly indicating the risk of progression to chronic infection under these circumstances and the necessity of HEV screening for both the recipient and the donor preoperatively. CsA, tacrolimus, or prednisolone instead of MMF significantly contributed to chronic HEV infection. HEV antigen in acute infection phase indicates the development of chronic infection. Our results have important implications for understanding the potential association between chronic HEV infection and immunosuppressants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu He
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Disen Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghui Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuebao Li
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Changyou Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siddharth Sridhar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Tian
- Miyun District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Meng
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmin Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin S, Chang P, Tsao S, Aderinwale A, Sallapalli BT, He J, Zhang Y. Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) contributes to hepatitis E virus replication. Virol J 2024; 21:161. [PMID: 39039546 PMCID: PMC11265327 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02438-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus and causes primarily acute self-limiting infections. The ORF1 of the HEV genome encodes a polyprotein around 190 kDa, which contains several putative domains, including helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The HEV-encoded helicase is a member of the superfamily 1 helicase family and possesses multiple enzymatic functions, such as RNA 5'-triphosphatase, RNA unwinding, and NTPase, which are thought to contribute to viral RNA synthesis. However, the helicase interaction with cellular proteins remains less known. Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) is a lipid regulator that shuffles between the Golgi apparatus and the endoplasmic reticulum for cholesterol and phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate exchange and controls the efflux of cholesterol from cells. In this study, the RNAi-mediated silencing of OSBP significantly reduced HEV replication. Further studies indicate that the HEV helicase interacted with OSBP, shown by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization in co-transfected cells. The presence of helicase blocked OSBP preferential translocation to the Golgi apparatus. These results demonstrate that OSBP contributes to HEV replication and enrich our understanding of the HEV-cell interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaoli Lin
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Peixi Chang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shane Tsao
- National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abigail Aderinwale
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bhargava Teja Sallapalli
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jia He
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yanjin Zhang
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Brüggemann Y, Klöhn M, Wedemeyer H, Steinmann E. Hepatitis E virus: from innate sensing to adaptive immune responses. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:10.1038/s41575-024-00950-z. [PMID: 39039260 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-024-00950-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections are a major cause of acute viral hepatitis in humans worldwide. In immunocompetent individuals, the majority of HEV infections remain asymptomatic and lead to spontaneous clearance of the virus, and only a minority of individuals with infection (5-16%) experience symptoms of acute viral hepatitis. However, HEV infections can cause up to 30% mortality in pregnant women, become chronic in immunocompromised patients and cause extrahepatic manifestations. A growing body of evidence suggests that the host immune response to infection with different HEV genotypes is a critical determinant of distinct HEV infection outcomes. In this Review, we summarize key components of the innate and adaptive immune responses to HEV, including the underlying immunological mechanisms of HEV associated with acute and chronic liver failure and interactions between T cell and B cell responses. In addition, we discuss the current status of vaccines against HEV and raise outstanding questions regarding the immune responses induced by HEV and treatment of the disease, highlighting areas for future investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Brüggemann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Hannover, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Molini U, Franzo G, de Villiers L, van Zyl L, de Villiers M, Khaiseb S, Busch F, Knauf S, Dietze K, Eiden M. Serological survey on Hepatitis E virus in Namibian dogs, cats, horses, and donkeys. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1422001. [PMID: 39091395 PMCID: PMC11292797 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1422001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the seropositivity rate of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in domestic and working animals in Namibia, which included dogs, cats, horses, and donkeys. HEV poses a growing threat as a significant cause of human hepatitis globally and has several genotypes of varying zoonotic potential. As epidemiological data on the seroprevalence of HEV in Namibia is scarce, a serosurvey was conducted on archived serum samples of 374 dogs, 238 cats, 98 horses, and 60 donkeys collected between 2018 and 2022 from different regions, to assess the potential of these animals as sources of HEV infection. The findings revealed that 10.43% (n = 39/374) canine and 5.88% (n = 14/238) feline samples tested positive for HEV antibodies, whereas no seropositivity was detected in horses and donkeys. The study further examined the risk factors associated with HEV seropositivity, including animal sex, age, and geographical region, and noted a higher prevalence in dogs living in areas with intensive pig farming. Although there is no direct evidence indicating that these animals served as major reservoirs for HEV transmission to humans, the study underscores the importance of preventive measures to minimize contact exposure with pets considering the potential zoonotic risk, especially for susceptible risk groups. Further research is needed to explore the zoonotic potential of domestic animals and the epidemiological links between animal and human HEV transmissions in Namibia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Molini
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
- Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL), Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Giovanni Franzo
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Lourens de Villiers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Leandra van Zyl
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Mari de Villiers
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | - Frank Busch
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sascha Knauf
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
- One Health/International Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Klaas Dietze
- Institute of International Animal Health/One Health, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald – Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Eiden
- Institute for Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jagst M, Gömer A, Todt D, Steinmann E. Performance of sofosbuvir and NITD008 in extrahepatic neuronal cells against HEV. Antiviral Res 2024; 227:105922. [PMID: 38825018 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E is an underestimated disease, leading to estimated 20 million infections and up to 70,000 deaths annually. Infections are mostly asymptomatic, but can reach mortality rates up to 25% in pregnant women or become chronic in immunocompromised patients. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection have been associated with a range of extrahepatic manifestations, including a spectrum of neurological symptoms. Current therapy options are limited to non-specific antivirals like ribavirin, but recently, repurposed viral polymerase inhibitors like sofosbuvir and NITD008 were described to inhibit HEV replication. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of these drugs in various neuronal-derived cell lines to determine their potency outside the liver. Our findings indicate that both drugs, especially sofosbuvir, exhibited reduced efficacy in neuronal cells compared to hepatic cells. These results should be taken into account in the development of direct-acting antivirals for HEV and their potency at extrahepatic replication sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Jagst
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute of Virology, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Gömer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany; European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ding Q, Hu B, Yao X, Gan M, Chen D, Zhang N, Wei J, Cai K, Zheng Z. Prevalence and molecular characterization of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from wild rodents in Hubei Province, China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2024; 121:105602. [PMID: 38734397 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2024.105602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E, caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV), is a global public health issue. Low similarity between the gene sequences of mouse and human HEV led to the belief that the risk of human infection was low. Recent reports of chronic and acute hepatitis E caused by murine HEV infection in humans in Hong Kong have raised global concerns. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the epidemiology and prevalence of HEV in China. We comprehensively analyzed different rodent HEV strains to understand rocahepevirus occurrence in Hubei Province, China. The HEV positivity rate for was 6.43% (73/1136). We identified seven near-full-length rocahepevirus strains and detected rat HEV antigens in tissues from different mouse species. HEV has extensive tissue tropism and a high viral load in the liver. We highlight the genetic diversity of HEVs in rodents and underscore the importance of paying attention to their variation and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Bing Hu
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Xuan Yao
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Min Gan
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Dan Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430024, China
| | - Nailou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jinbo Wei
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Kun Cai
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Zhenhua Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Salu OB, Akinbamiro TF, Orenolu RM, Ishaya OD, Anyanwu RA, Vitowanu OR, Abdullah MA, Olowoyeye AH, Tijani SO, Oyedeji KS, Omilabu SA. Detection of hepatitis viruses in suspected cases of Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers in Nigeria. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305521. [PMID: 38905317 PMCID: PMC11192311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
There have been several Viral Hemorrhagic Fever (VHF) outbreaks in Nigeria which remains a public health concern. Despite the increasing number of suspected cases of VHF due to heightened surveillance activities and growing awareness, only a few cases are laboratory-confirmed to be VHF. Routinely, these samples are only tested for Lassa virus and Yellow fever virus with occasional testing for Dengue virus when indicated. The aetiology of the disease in these VHF suspected cases in Nigeria which are negative for Lassa, Yellow fever and Dengue viruses remains a puzzle. Since the clinical features exhibited by suspected VHF cases are like other endemic illnesses such as Hepatitis, there is a need to investigate the diversity and co-infections of hepatitis viruses as differentials and possible co-morbidity in suspected cases of VHFs in Nigeria. A total of three hundred and fifty (350) blood samples of 212 (60.6%) males and 138 (39.4%) females, aged <1-70 years with a mean age of 25 ±14.5, suspected of VHFs and tested negative for Lassa, Yellow fever and Dengue viruses were investigated for Hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses at the Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology (CHAZVY), College of Medicine, University of Lagos (CMUL) using serologic and molecular techniques. The serologic analysis of these VHF suspected cases samples revealed that 126 (36%) were positive for at least one hepatitis virus. Individual prevalence for each of the hepatitis virus screened for showed that 37 (10.6%), 18 (5.1%) and 71 (20.3%) were positive for HBV, HCV and HEV respectively. All the samples were negative for HAV. A co-infection rate of 11.9% was also observed, with HCV/HEV co-infections being the most prevalent and the Northern region having the greatest burden of infection. The evidence of hepatitis virus infections in suspected cases of VHF was documented. Thus, their associations as co-morbidities and/or mortalities in this category of individuals require further investigations in endemic countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, the possible inclusion of screening for hepatitis viruses and other aetiologic agents that could mimic infections in suspected cases of VHFs in Nigeria should be thoroughly evaluated to guide informed policy on the diagnosis and management of these cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olumuyiwa Babalola Salu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Tomilola Feyikemi Akinbamiro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Remilekun Mercy Orenolu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Onyinye Dorothy Ishaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Roosevelt Amaobichukwu Anyanwu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olubunmi Rita Vitowanu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Maryam Abiodun Abdullah
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Adenike Hellen Olowoyeye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sodiq Olawale Tijani
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kolawole Solomon Oyedeji
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Aremu Omilabu
- Centre for Human and Zoonotic Virology, Central Research Laboratory, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-araba, Lagos, Nigeria
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Medicine of the University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shahini E, Argentiero A, Andriano A, Losito F, Maida M, Facciorusso A, Cozzolongo R, Villa E. Hepatitis E Virus: What More Do We Need to Know? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:998. [PMID: 38929615 PMCID: PMC11205503 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is typically a self-limiting, acute illness that spreads through the gastrointestinal tract but replicates in the liver. However, chronic infections are possible in immunocompromised individuals. The HEV virion has two shapes: exosome-like membrane-associated quasi-enveloped virions (eHEV) found in circulating blood or in the supernatant of infected cell cultures and non-enveloped virions ("naked") found in infected hosts' feces and bile to mediate inter-host transmission. Although HEV is mainly spread via enteric routes, it is unclear how it penetrates the gut wall to reach the portal bloodstream. Both virion types are infectious, but they infect cells in different ways. To develop personalized treatment/prevention strategies and reduce HEV impact on public health, it is necessary to decipher the entry mechanism for both virion types using robust cell culture and animal models. The contemporary knowledge of the cell entry mechanism for these two HEV virions as possible therapeutic target candidates is summarized in this narrative review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Endrit Shahini
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.)
| | | | - Alessandro Andriano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area, University of Bari Aldo Moro Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy;
| | - Francesco Losito
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Marcello Maida
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, S. Elia-Raimondi Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
| | - Antonio Facciorusso
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Cozzolongo
- Gastroenterology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology-IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”, Castellana Grotte, 70013 Bari, Italy; (F.L.); (R.C.)
| | - Erica Villa
- Gastroenterology Unit, CHIMOMO Department, University of Modena & Reggio Emilia, Via del Pozzo 71, 41121 Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Creisher PS, Klein SL. Pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0007323. [PMID: 38421182 PMCID: PMC11237665 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00073-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYViral infections during pregnancy are associated with significant adverse perinatal and fetal outcomes. Pregnancy is a unique immunologic and physiologic state, which can influence control of virus replication, severity of disease, and vertical transmission. The placenta is the organ of the maternal-fetal interface and provides defense against microbial infection while supporting the semi-allogeneic fetus via tolerogenic immune responses. Some viruses, such as cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, and rubella virus, can breach these defenses, directly infecting the fetus and having long-lasting consequences. Even without direct placental infection, other viruses, including respiratory viruses like influenza viruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, still cause placental damage and inflammation. Concentrations of progesterone and estrogens rise during pregnancy and contribute to immunological adaptations, placentation, and placental development and play a pivotal role in creating a tolerogenic environment at the maternal-fetal interface. Animal models, including mice, nonhuman primates, rabbits, and guinea pigs, are instrumental for mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of viral infections during pregnancy and identification of targetable treatments to improve health outcomes of pregnant individuals and offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Creisher
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Solignac J, Boschi C, Pernin V, Fouilloux V, Motte A, Aherfi S, Fabre-Aubrespy M, Legris T, Brunet P, Colson P, Moal V. The question of screening organ donors for hepatitis e virus: a case report of transmission by kidney transplantation in France and a review of the literature. Virol J 2024; 21:136. [PMID: 38867299 PMCID: PMC11167830 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E is a potentially serious infection in organ recipients, with an estimated two-thirds of cases becoming chronic, and with a subsequent risk of cirrhosis and death. In Europe, transmission occurs most often through the consumption of raw or undercooked pork, more rarely through blood transfusion, but also after solid organ transplantation. Here we describe a case of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection transmitted following kidney transplantation and review the literature describing cases of HEV infection transmitted by solid organ transplantation. CASE PRESENTATION Three weeks after kidney transplantation, the patient presented with an isolated minimal increase in GGT and hepatic cytolysis 6 months later, leading to the diagnosis of genotype 3c hepatitis E, with a plasma viral load of 6.5 log10IU/mL. In retrospect, HEV RNA was detected in the patient's serum from the onset of hepatitis, and in the donor's serum on the day of donation, with 100% identity between the viral sequences, confirming donor-derived HEV infection. Hepatitis E had a chronic course, was treated by ribavirin, and relapsed 10 months after the end of treatment. DISCUSSION Seven cases of transmission of HEV by solid organ transplantation have been described since 2012 without systematic screening for donors, all diagnosed at the chronic infection stage; two patients died. HEV organ donor transmission may be underestimated and there is insufficient focus on immunocompromised patients in whom mild liver function test impairment is potentially related to hepatitis E. However, since HEV infection is potentially severe in these patients, and as evidence accumulates, we believe that systematic screening of organ donors should be implemented for deceased and living donors regardless of liver function abnormalities, as is already the case in the UK and Spain. In January 2024, the French regulatory agency of transplantation has implemented mandatory screening of organ donors for HEV RNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justine Solignac
- Centre de Néphrologie Et Transplantation Rénale, Aix Marseille Université, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Boschi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche Et Développement, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Pernin
- Department of Nephrology Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapy (IRMB), Montpellier, France
| | - Virginie Fouilloux
- Department of Congenital and Pediatric Cardiac Surgery, Timone Children's Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Anne Motte
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche Et Développement, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Sarah Aherfi
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche Et Développement, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Maxime Fabre-Aubrespy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, Marseille, France
| | - Tristan Legris
- Centre de Néphrologie Et Transplantation Rénale, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Brunet
- Centre de Néphrologie Et Transplantation Rénale, Aix Marseille Université, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Philippe Colson
- IHU Méditerranée Infection, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, 19-21 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche Et Développement, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Moal
- Centre de Néphrologie Et Transplantation Rénale, Aix Marseille Université, Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Conception, 147 Boulevard Baille, 13005, Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Université, Institut de Recherche Et Développement, Microbes Evolution Phylogeny and Infections, 27 Boulevard Jean Moulin, 13005, Marseille, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wißing MH, Meister TL, Nocke MK, Gömer A, Masovic M, Knegendorf L, Brüggemann Y, Bader V, Siddharta A, Bock CT, Ploss A, Kenney SP, Winklhofer KF, Behrendt P, Wedemeyer H, Steinmann E, Todt D. Genetic determinants of host- and virus-derived insertions for hepatitis E virus replication. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4855. [PMID: 38844458 PMCID: PMC11156872 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49219-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a long-neglected RNA virus and the major causative agent of acute viral hepatitis in humans. Recent data suggest that HEV has a very heterogeneous hypervariable region (HVR), which can tolerate major genomic rearrangements. In this study, we identify insertions of previously undescribed sequence snippets in serum samples of a ribavirin treatment failure patient. These insertions increase viral replication while not affecting sensitivity towards ribavirin in a subgenomic replicon assay. All insertions contain a predicted nuclear localization sequence and alanine scanning mutagenesis of lysine residues in the HVR influences viral replication. Sequential replacement of lysine residues additionally alters intracellular localization in a fluorescence dye-coupled construct. Furthermore, distinct sequence patterns outside the HVR are identified as viral determinants that recapitulate the enhancing effect. In conclusion, patient-derived insertions can increase HEV replication and synergistically acting viral determinants in and outside the HVR are described. These results will help to understand the underlying principles of viral adaptation by viral- and host-sequence snatching during the clinical course of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Toni Luise Meister
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Centre for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine (BNITM), Hamburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maximilian Klaus Nocke
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - André Gömer
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mejrema Masovic
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Leonard Knegendorf
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- Hannover Medical School, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Verian Bader
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Anindya Siddharta
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
| | - Claus-Thomas Bock
- Division of Viral Gastroenteritis and Hepatitis Pathogens and Enteroviruses, Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Scott P Kenney
- Center for Food Animal Health, Departments of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Konstanze F Winklhofer
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence RESOLV, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a Joint Venture between the Medical School Hannover (MHH) and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Hannover, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF); Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infectious Disease Research (DZIF); Partner Sites Hannover-Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Saadat A, Gouttenoire J, Ripellino P, Semela D, Amar S, Frey BM, Fontana S, Mdawar-Bailly E, Moradpour D, Fellay J, Fraga M. Inborn errors of type I interferon immunity in patients with symptomatic acute hepatitis E. Hepatology 2024; 79:1421-1431. [PMID: 38079352 PMCID: PMC11095861 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The clinical spectrum of human infection by HEV ranges from asymptomatic to severe acute hepatitis. Furthermore, HEV can cause diverse neurological manifestations, especially Parsonage-Turner syndrome. Here, we used a large-scale human genomic approach to search for genetic determinants of severe clinical presentations of HEV infection. APPROACH AND RESULTS We performed whole genome sequencing in 3 groups of study participants with PCR-proven acute HEV infection: (1) 24 patients with symptomatic acute hepatitis E; (2) 12 patients with HEV-associated Parsonage-Turner syndrome; and (3) 16 asymptomatic blood donors (controls). For variant calling and annotation, we used GATK4 best practices followed by Variant Effect Predictor (VEP) and Annovar. For variant classification, we implemented the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology Bayesian classification framework in R. Variants with a probability of pathogenicity >0.9 were considered damaging. We used all genes with at least 1 damaging variant as input for pathway enrichment analyses.We observed a significant enrichment of type I interferon response pathways in the symptomatic hepatitis group: 10 out of 24 patients carried a damaging variant in one of 9 genes encoding either intracellular viral sensors ( IFIH1 , DDX58 , TLR3 , POLR3B , POLR3C ) or other molecules involved in type I interferon response [interferon regulatory factor 7 ( IRF7 ), MYD88 , OAS3 , GAPDH ]. We did not find any enriched pathway in the Parsonage-Turner syndrome group or in the controls. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlight the essential role of type I interferon in preventing symptomatic acute hepatitis E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Saadat
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Gouttenoire
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Ripellino
- Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, EOC, Lugano, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - David Semela
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Soraya Amar
- Swiss Transfusion, Swiss Red Cross, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat M. Frey
- Blood Transfusion Service SRC, Schlieren/Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elise Mdawar-Bailly
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Fellay
- School of Life Sciences, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Precision Medicine Unit, Biomedical Data Science Center, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Montserrat Fraga
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Frericks N, Kinast V, Steinmann E. Potential risk of porcine-derived pancreatic enzyme medication for the cross-species transmission of hepatitis E virus. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332577. [PMID: 38821859 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Frericks
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Volker Kinast
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li M, He Q, Li T, Wan W, Zhou H. Development and evaluation of a CRISPR-Cas13a system-based diagnostic for hepatitis E virus. Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 62:1237-1247. [PMID: 38153113 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. HEV RNA detection is the gold standard for HEV infection diagnosis and PCR methods are commonly used but are usually time-consuming and expensive, resulting in low detection efficiency and coverage, especially in low-income areas. Here, we developed a simpler and more accessible HEV RNA detection method based on CRISPR-Cas13a system. METHODS A total of 265 samples of different types and sources, including 89 positive samples and 176 negative samples, were enrolled for evaluations. The sensitivity and specificity of the Cas13a-crRNA detection system were evaluated. The World Health Organization reference panel for HEV genotypes was used to evaluate the capability for detecting different HEV genotypes. The validity of the assay was compared with RT-qPCR. RESULTS The 95 % limits of detection (LOD) of Cas13a-crRNA-based fluorescence assay and strip assay were 12.5 and 200 IU/mL, respectively. They did not show cross-reactivity with samples positive for hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, coxsackievirus A16, rotavirus, enterovirus 71, norovirus or enteropathic Escherichia coli. Different HEV genotypes (HEV1-4) can be detected by the assay. Compared to RT-qPCR, the positive predictive agreements of Cas13a-crRNA-based fluorescence and strip assay were 98.9 % (95 % CI: 93.9-99.8 %) and 91.0 % (95 % CI: 83.3-95.4 %), respectively. The negative predictive agreements were both 100 % (95 % CI: 97.8-100 %). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we established a rapid and convenient HEV RNA detection method with good sensitivity and specificity based on CRISPR-Cas13a system, providing a new option for HEV infection diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Li
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qiyu He
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Disease Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P.R. China
| | - Wenjun Wan
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Haiwei Zhou
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wan P, Yang G, Cheng Q, Zhang X, Yue Z, Li M, Liu C, Yi Q, Jia Y, Liu J, Xing X, Sun B, Li Y. The role of inflammasome in chronic viral hepatitis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1382029. [PMID: 38817443 PMCID: PMC11137247 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1382029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Infections of hepatotropic viruses cause a wide array of liver diseases including acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis and the consequently developed cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Among the five classical hepatotropic viruses, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) usually infect human persistently and cause chronic hepatitis, leading to major troubles to humanity. Previous studies have revealed that several types of inflammasomes are involved in the infections of HBV and HCV. Here, we summarize the current knowledge about their roles in hepatitis B and C. NLRP3 inflammasome can be activated and regulated by HBV and HCV. It is found to exert antiviral function or mediates inflammatory response in viral infections depending on different experimental models. Besides NLRP3 inflammasome, IFI16 and AIM2 inflammasomes participate in the pathological process of hepatitis B, and NALP3 inflammasome may sense HCV infection in hepatocytes. The inflammasomes affect the pathological process of viral hepatitis through its downstream secretion of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 or induction of pyroptosis resulting from cleaved gasdermin D (GSDMD). However, the roles of inflammasomes in different stages of viral infection remains mainly unclear. More proper experimental models of viral hepatitis should be developed for specific studies in future, so that we can understand more about the complexity of inflammasome regulation and multifunction of inflammasomes and their downstream effectors during HBV and HCV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pin Wan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Ge Yang
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Qi Cheng
- Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuelong Zhang
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yue
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Moran Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlin Liu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaling Jia
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiwen Xing
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binlian Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Viral Pathogenesis & Infection Prevention and Control (Jinan University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Oh J, Choi GH, Chang Y, Kim J, Park K, Yeom H, Seo S, Gwack J, Jeong SH. A Silent Outbreak of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) Infection or False-Positive Reaction of Anti-HEV IgM after COVID-19 Vaccination? Epidemiological Investigation of an Outbreak in a Korean Factory Complex in 2022. Gut Liver 2024; 18:531-538. [PMID: 37800317 PMCID: PMC11096911 DOI: 10.5009/gnl230098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims To investigate a reported outbreak of presumed hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in a Korean food manufacturing facility and to explore the association between anti-HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) positivity and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination. Methods Twenty-four cases of anti-HEV IgM positivity were reported among 646 workers at the facility in 2022. An epidemiological investigation was conducted, comprising HEV-RNA testing of blood and environmental samples, analysis of group meal records, and an association between anti-HEV IgM positivity and confirmed COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Results All 24 patients were asymptomatic, with cases spread sporadically across the facility. HEV RNA was not detected in the serum or environmental samples. Four out of 340 meals (1.2%) showed a significantly higher proportion of anti-HEV positivity in each meal intake group than in the non-intake group on certain days. Although the cumulative rate of COVID-19 infection showed no difference, the anti-HEV IgM positive group showed significantly higher proportions of >2 doses of COVID-19 vaccination (83.3% vs 48.7%, p=0.021), vaccination within 90 days (45.8% vs 19.7%, p=0.008), and having the Moderna vaccine administered as the last vaccine (75.0% vs 14.5%, p<0.001) than those of the anti-HEV negative group. In four multivariable models, three or more COVID-19 vaccinations and the Moderna vaccine as the last vaccine were consistently associated with anti-HEV IgM positivity, while the specific day group meal intake was also a significant factor. Conclusions This epidemiological investigation showed that anti-HEV IgM positivity may occur as a false-positive result related to COVID-vaccination over three times and use of the Moderna vaccine, although a portion of true HEV infection may not be excluded.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyeon Oh
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Health Bureau, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yeonhwa Chang
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Health Bureau, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jina Kim
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Health Bureau, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kunhee Park
- Gyeonggi Infectious Disease Control Center, Health Bureau, Gyeonggi Provincial Government, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hansol Yeom
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Soonryu Seo
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Gwack
- Division of Infectious Disease Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong Health Technology Administration Complex, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Klöhn M, Burkard T, Janzen J, Haase JA, Gömer A, Fu R, Ssebyatika G, Nocke MK, Brown RJP, Krey T, Dao Thi VL, Kinast V, Brüggemann Y, Todt D, Steinmann E. Targeting cellular cathepsins inhibits hepatitis E virus entry. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00876. [PMID: 38728662 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS HEV is estimated to be responsible for 70,000 deaths annually, yet therapy options remain limited. In the pursuit of effective antiviral therapies, targeting viral entry holds promise and has proven effective for other viruses. However, the precise mechanisms and host factors required during HEV entry remain unclear. Cellular proteases have emerged as host factors required for viral surface protein activation and productive cell entry by many viruses. Hence, we investigated the functional requirement and therapeutic potential of cellular protease during HEV infection. APPROACH AND RESULTS Using our established HEV cell culture model and subgenomic HEV replicons, we found that blocking lysosomal cathepsins (CTS) with small molecule inhibitors impedes HEV infection without affecting replication. Most importantly, the pan-cathepsin inhibitor K11777 suppressed HEV infections with an EC 50 of ~0.02 nM. Inhibition by K11777, devoid of notable toxicity in hepatoma cells, was also observed in HepaRG and primary human hepatocytes. Furthermore, through time-of-addition and RNAscope experiments, we confirmed that HEV entry is blocked by inhibition of cathepsins. Cathepsin L (CTSL) knockout cells were less permissive to HEV, suggesting that CTSL is critical for HEV infection. Finally, we observed cleavage of the glycosylated ORF2 protein and virus particles by recombinant CTSL. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study highlights the pivotal role of lysosomal cathepsins, especially CTSL, in the HEV entry process. The profound anti-HEV efficacy of the pan-cathepsin inhibitor K11777, especially with its notable safety profile in primary cells, further underscores its potential as a therapeutic candidate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara Klöhn
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Burkard
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Juliana Janzen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jil A Haase
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - André Gömer
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rebecca Fu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Biosciences International Graduate School (HBIGS), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - George Ssebyatika
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Maximilian K Nocke
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Richard J P Brown
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Krey
- Center of Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Excellence Cluster 2155 RESIST, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology (CSSB), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Viet Loan Dao Thi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Volker Kinast
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), Jena, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), External Partner Site, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ren M, Lu C, Zhou M, Jiang X, Li X, Liu N. The intersection of virus infection and liver disease: A comprehensive review of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. WIREs Mech Dis 2024; 16:e1640. [PMID: 38253964 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Liver disease represents a significant global burden, placing individuals at a heightened risk of developing cirrhosis and liver cancer. Viral infections act as a primary cause of liver diseases on a worldwide scale. Infections involving hepatitis viruses, notably hepatitis B, C, and E viruses, stand out as the most prevalent contributors to acute and chronic intrahepatic adverse outcome, although the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be effectively cured with antiviral drugs, but no preventative vaccination developed. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and HCV can lead to both acute and chronic liver diseases, including liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which are principal causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality. Other viruses, such as Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV), are capable of causing liver damage. Therefore, it is essential to recognize that virus infections and liver diseases are intricate and interconnected processes. A profound understanding of the underlying relationship between virus infections and liver diseases proves pivotal in the effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these conditions. In this review, we delve into the mechanisms by which virus infections induce liver diseases, as well as explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of liver diseases. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Biomedical Engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ren
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenxia Lu
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Mingwei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Clinical College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Applied Research of Liver and Kidney in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Liver Diseases, Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Tene SD, Diouara AAM, Kane A, Sané S, Coundoul S, Thiam F, Nguer CM, Diop M, Mbaye MN, Mbengue M, Lo S, Diop Ndiaye H, Toure Kane C, Ayouba A. Detection of Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) in Pork Sold in Saint-Louis, the North of Senegal. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:512. [PMID: 38672782 PMCID: PMC11050832 DOI: 10.3390/life14040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen with various hosts, including pigs, which act as reservoirs. In industrialized countries, sporadic cases caused by genotype 3, contracted by ingesting contaminated uncooked or undercooked meat, have been reported. However, in developing countries, HEV infection is mainly dominated by genotype 2 and often associated with poor hygiene conditions and drinking water supplies. HEV infection and its circulation in domestic fauna in West Africa are poorly documented. This study aimed to assess the presence of HEV in pork sold in Saint-Louis, Senegal. Meat products (250 g samples, n = 74) were purchased in August 2022 from three locations. Then, 2 g/sample was minced to extract total nucleic acids using the Purelink™ Viral DNA/RNA kit. RT-PCR reactions were performed using the One-Taq™ One-Step RT-PCR kit targeting the HEV ORF2 genomic region. The products obtained were visualized on a 1% agarose gel. Of a total of 74 samples, divided into pork meat (n = 65) and pork liver (n = 9), 5.4% (n = 4) tested positive for HEV. In both cases, two samples were positive, representing a rate of 3.1% and 22.2% for meat and pork liver, respectively. All new viral sequences were obtained from a monophyletic group within HEV genotype 3. This study is the first to report the presence of HEV in pork sold in Senegal and the results reveal a potential circulation of HEV in the pig population. The high proportion of contamination in the pork liver samples highlights a major risk associated with their consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Deli Tene
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Abou Abdallah Malick Diouara
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Alé Kane
- Laboratoire des Sciences Biologiques, Agronomiques, Alimentaires et de Modélisation des Systèmes Complexes (LABAAM), UFR S2ATA, Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis 234, Senegal;
| | - Sarbanding Sané
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Seynabou Coundoul
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Fatou Thiam
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Cheikh Momar Nguer
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Mamadou Diop
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Mame Ndew Mbaye
- Groupe de Recherche Biotechnologies Appliquées & Bioprocédés Environnementaux (GRBA-BE), École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal; (S.D.T.); (S.S.); (S.C.); (F.T.); (C.M.N.); (M.D.); (M.N.M.)
| | - Malick Mbengue
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie Appliquée et de Génie Industriel, École Supérieure Polytechnique (ESP), Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar 5085, Senegal;
| | - Seynabou Lo
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche Science de la Santé (UFR 2S), Université Gaston Berger, Saint-Louis 234, Senegal;
| | - Halimatou Diop Ndiaye
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie Virologie CHU Aristide le Dantec, Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Dakar 5005, Senegal;
| | - Coumba Toure Kane
- Institut de Recherche en Santé, de Surveillance Épidémiologique et de Formation (IRESSEF), Pole Urbain Diamniadio, Dakar 7325, Senegal;
- Université Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN), Kaolack 55, Senegal
| | - Ahidjo Ayouba
- Recherches Translationnelles sur le VIH et Maladies Infectieuses, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Université de Montpellier/INSERM U1175, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Subramaniam S, Fares-Gusmao R, McGivern DR. Quantification of Hepatitis E Virus ORF2 Protein by a Novel Sandwich ELISA. Viruses 2024; 16:393. [PMID: 38543759 PMCID: PMC10974087 DOI: 10.3390/v16030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes acute hepatitis in humans, which can progress to chronicity in immunosuppressed individuals. Almost all reported HEV infections are caused by Paslahepevirus balayani genotypes 1-4. The structural ORF2 protein is the major antigen detected in the blood of HEV-infected individuals. ELISA assays to detect IgM antibodies to HEV are the first-line diagnostic tests; however, they showed variable performance with frequently discordant results. A qualitative HEV antigen (ORF2) ELISA is currently available for research use. Here, we report a novel quantitative sandwich ELISA to measure HEV ORF2 protein in 3 matrix types. An optimal pair of capture and detection antibodies was selected among 12 unique combinations tested. A sandwich ELISA protocol was developed using these mAbs and biotin-streptavidin technology. The protocol was further optimized to quantify ORF2 antigen in different matrices by interpolating from a standard curve with a linear range of 3.17 to 50.8 femtomoles/mL. Using this method, ORF2 protein was detected in the cell culture medium of Huh7 cells as early as 2-3 days after transfection with HEV genome RNA and in a medium of human hepatocytes infected with HEV. ORF2 antigen was readily detected in the first 2 weeks post-HEV infection in gerbil sera. In immunosuppressed gerbils, ORF2 was detected up to 6 weeks, and the levels were significantly higher between 3 and 6 weeks post-infection. HEV ORF2 antigen levels showed a strong positive correlation with HEV RNA levels in both cell culture medium and gerbil sera. Our novel sandwich ELISA detected at least 7.3 femtomoles/mL ORF2 protein in human plasma spiked with cell culture propagated HEV and detected ORF2 protein in human plasma samples that tested positive for HEV RNA but negative for anti-HEV antibodies. Further, the assay was nonreactive, with negative human plasma, and HBV or HCV-positive human plasma demonstrating specificity. Overall, our ORF2 antigen ELISA will be useful for quantifying ORF2 antigen in cell culture medium, gerbil serum, and human plasma. Further studies are warranted to evaluate its utility in HEV clinical diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David R. McGivern
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA; (S.S.); (R.F.-G.)
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Huang S, Zhang X, Su Y, Zhuang C, Tang Z, Huang X, Chen Q, Zhu K, Hu X, Ying D, Liu X, Jiang H, Zang X, Wang Z, Yang C, Liu D, Wang Y, Tang Q, Shen W, Cao H, Pan H, Ge S, Huang Y, Wu T, Zheng Z, Zhu F, Zhang J, Xia N. Long-term efficacy of a recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in adults: 10-year results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2024; 403:813-823. [PMID: 38387470 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)02234-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a frequently overlooked causative agent of acute hepatitis. Evaluating the long-term durability of hepatitis E vaccine efficacy holds crucial importance. METHODS This study was an extension to a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase-3 clinical trial of the hepatitis E vaccine conducted in Dontai County, Jiangsu, China. Participants were recruited from 11 townships in Dongtai County. In the initial trial, a total of 112 604 healthy adults aged 16-65 years were enrolled, stratified according to age and sex, and randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive three doses of hepatitis E vaccine or placebo intramuscularly at month 0, month 1, and month 6. A sensitive hepatitis E surveillance system including 205 clinical sentinels, covering the entire study region, was established and maintained for 10 years after vaccination. The primary outcome was the per-protocol efficacy of hepatitis E virus vaccine to prevent confirmed hepatitis E occurring at least 30 days after administration of the third dose. Throughout the study, the participants, site investigators, and laboratory staff remained blinded to the treatment assignments. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01014845). FINDINGS During the 10-year study period from Aug 22, 2007, to Oct 31, 2017, 90 people with hepatitis E were identified; 13 in the vaccine group (0·2 per 10 000 person-years) and 77 in the placebo group (1·4 per 10 000 person-years), corresponding to a vaccine efficacy of 83·1% (95% CI 69·4-91·4) in the modified intention-to-treat analysis and 86·6% (73·0 to 94·1) in the per-protocol analysis. In the subsets of participants assessed for immunogenicity persistence, of those who were seronegative at baseline and received three doses of hepatitis E vaccine, 254 (87·3%) of 291 vaccinees in Qindong at the 8·5-year mark and 1270 (73·0%) of 1740 vaccinees in Anfeng at the 7·5-year mark maintained detectable concentrations of antibodies. INTERPRETATION Immunisation with this hepatitis E vaccine offers durable protection against hepatitis E for up to 10 years, with vaccine-induced antibodies against HEV persisting for at least 8·5 years. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shoujie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Su
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunlan Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zimin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xingcheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kongxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaowen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dong Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hanmin Jiang
- Dongtai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Zang
- Dongtai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongze Wang
- Dongtai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changlin Yang
- Dongtai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Donglin Liu
- Dongtai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Dongtai Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Quan Tang
- Yancheng Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | | | | | - Huirong Pan
- Xiamen Innovax Biotech Company, Xiamen, China
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ting Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zizheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fengcai Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health and National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Innovation Platform for Industry-Education Integration in Vaccine Research, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, the Research Unit of Frontier Technology of Structural Vaccinology of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bezerra KC, Vieira CMAG, de Oliveira-Filho EF, Reis CRS, Oriá RB. Susceptibility of solid organ transplant recipients to viral pathogens with zoonotic potential: A mini-review. Braz J Infect Dis 2024; 28:103742. [PMID: 38670166 PMCID: PMC11078645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2024.103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
A substantial number of zoonotic diseases are caused by viral pathogens, representing a significant menace to public health, particularly to susceptible populations, such as pregnant women, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Individuals who have undergone solid organ transplantation frequently experience immunosuppression, to prevent organ rejection, and, thus are more prone to opportunistic infections. Furthermore, the reactivation of dormant viruses can threaten transplant recipients and organ viability. This mini-review examines the up-to-date literature covering potential zoonotic and organ rejection-relevant viruses in solid organ transplant recipients. A comprehensive list of viruses with zoonotic potential is highlighted and the most important clinical outcomes in patients undergoing transplantation are described. Moreover, this mini-review calls attention to complex multifactorial events predisposing viral coinfections and the need for continuous health surveillance and research to understand better viral pathogens' transmission and pathophysiology dynamics in transplanted individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karine C Bezerra
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos Meton A G Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Christian Robson S Reis
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Departamento de Microbiologia, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo B Oriá
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Medicina, Laboratório da Biologia da Cicatrização, Ontogenia e Nutrição de Tecidos, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cui T, Zhang X, Wang Q, Yue N, Bao C, Jiang R, Xu S, Yuan Z, Qian Y, Chen L, Hang H, Zhang Z, Sun H, Jin H. Cost-effectiveness analysis of hepatitis E vaccination strategies among patients with chronic hepatitis B in China. Hepatol Res 2024; 54:142-150. [PMID: 37706554 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of hepatitis E vaccination strategies in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. METHODS Based on the societal perspective, the cost-effectiveness of three hepatitis E vaccination strategies-vaccination without screening, screening-based vaccination, and no vaccination-among CHB patients was evaluated using a decision tree-Markov model, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated. Values for treatment costs and health utilities were estimated from a prior investigation on disease burden, and values for transition probabilities and vaccination-related costs were obtained from previous studies and government agencies. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken for assessing model uncertainties. RESULTS It was estimated that CHB patients superinfected with hepatitis E virus (HEV) incurred significantly longer disease course, higher economic burden, and more health loss compared to those with HEV infection alone (all p < 0.05). The ICERs of vaccination without screening and screening-based vaccination compared to no vaccination were 41,843.01 yuan/quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and 29,147.32 yuan/QALY, respectively, both lower than China's per-capita gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018. The screening-based vaccination reduced the cost and gained more QALYs than vaccination without screening. One-way sensitivity analyses revealed that vaccine price, vaccine protection rate, and decay rate of vaccine protection had the greatest impact on the cost-effectiveness analysis. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses confirmed the base-case results, and if the willingness-to-pay value reached per-capita GDP, the probability that screening-based vaccination would be cost-effective was approaching 100%. CONCLUSIONS The disease burden in CHB patients superinfected with HEV is relatively heavy in China, and the screening-based hepatitis E vaccination strategy for CHB patients is the most cost-effective option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Cui
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuefeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Na Yue
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Changjun Bao
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Renjie Jiang
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, China
| | - Shilin Xu
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, China
| | - Zhaohu Yuan
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yunke Qian
- Zhenjiang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Liling Chen
- Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Hang
- Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhong Zhang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongmin Sun
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Jin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Casares-Jimenez M, Garcia-Garcia T, Suárez-Cárdenas JM, Perez-Jimenez AB, Martín MA, Caballero-Gómez J, Michán C, Corona-Mata D, Risalde MA, Perez-Valero I, Guerra R, Garcia-Bocanegra I, Rivero A, Rivero-Juarez A, Garrido JJ. Correlation of hepatitis E and rat hepatitis E viruses urban wastewater monitoring and clinical cases. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168203. [PMID: 37914110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wastewater pathogen monitoring is useful for surveillance of enteric pathogens. Information about the presence of Paslahepevirus balayani (HEV) and emergent Rocahepevirus ratti (RHEV) in untreated water and their correlation with clinical cases is scarce. Aim To longitudinally monitor HEV and RHEV in wastewater and to evaluate their possible correlation with human cases. METHODS This study was carried out in the city of Cordoba (southern Spain) from March 2021 to March 2023. HEV and RHEV occurrence were evaluated by PCR in three sample types: i) sera from patients with acute hepatitis attended at the reference hospital, ii) liver and faeces from urban rodents, and iii) grab sewage samples collected weekly from the municipal wastewater treatment plant. RESULTS We analysed 106 untreated wastewater samples, 304 individuals with acute hepatitis, and 20 rodents. HEV and RHEV were detected in only one (0.9 %) and almost all samples (94.3 %) of wastewater samples, respectively. A total of 22 cases of acute HEV infection (7.2 %) and two cases of RHEV (0.7 %) were detected from all acute hepatitis cases observed. Only RHEV was found in rodents, with a positive frequency of 55 %. The presence of HEV in wastewater coincided with the detection of one case in which the same HEV genotype was isolated. A concentration of HEV clinical cases between June and July of 2022 was observed but not detected in water. Both RHEV clinical cases were detected in summer 2022, but no correlation was found with wastewater detection. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that there is no correlation between clinical cases and wastewater detection of HEV or RHEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Casares-Jimenez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Transito Garcia-Garcia
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - José M Suárez-Cárdenas
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Grupo GA-14, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana B Perez-Jimenez
- Clinical Microbiology Unit, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María A Martín
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica e Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Javier Caballero-Gómez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Carmen Michán
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Diana Corona-Mata
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain
| | - María A Risalde
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Anatomía y Anatomía Patológica Comparadas y Toxicología, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ignacio Perez-Valero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ignacio Garcia-Bocanegra
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; Departamento Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Sanidad Animal, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Cordoba, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan J Garrido
- Grupo de Inmunogenómica y Patogénesis Molecular, UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Departamento de Genética, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Grupo GA-14, Córdoba, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Victoria C, Schulz G, Klöhn M, Weber S, Holicki CM, Brüggemann Y, Becker M, Gerold G, Eiden M, Groschup MH, Steinmann E, Kirschning A. Halogenated Rocaglate Derivatives: Pan-antiviral Agents against Hepatitis E Virus and Emerging Viruses. J Med Chem 2024; 67:289-321. [PMID: 38127656 PMCID: PMC10788925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of a library of halogenated rocaglate derivatives belonging to the flavagline class of natural products, of which silvestrol is the most prominent example, is reported. Their antiviral activity and cytotoxicity profile against a wide range of pathogenic viruses, including hepatitis E, Chikungunya, Rift Valley Fever virus and SARS-CoV-2, were determined. The incorporation of halogen substituents at positions 4', 6 and 8 was shown to have a significant effect on the antiviral activity of rocaglates, some of which even showed enhanced activity compared to CR-31-B and silvestrol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Victoria
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Göran Schulz
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Saskia Weber
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Cora M. Holicki
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Yannick Brüggemann
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Miriam Becker
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses
(RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover, Bünteweg
2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute
for Biochemistry and Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses
(RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine
Hannover, Bünteweg
2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Wallenberg
Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå
University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
- Department
of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå
University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Martin Eiden
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin H. Groschup
- Federal
Research Institute in Animal Health (FLI), Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Eike Steinmann
- Department
of Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-University
Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Kirschning
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry, Leibniz University
Hannover, Schneiderberg
1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park K, Kim J, Noh J, Kim K, Yang E, Kim SG, Cho HK, Byun KS, Kim JH, Lee YS, Shim JO, Shin M, Kim WK, Song JW. First detection and characterization of hepatitis E virus (Rocahepevirus ratti) from urban Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in the Republic of Korea. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29401. [PMID: 38235603 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV), an emerging zoonotic pathogen, poses a significant public health concern worldwide. Recently, rat HEV (Rocahepevirus ratti genotype C1; HEV-C1) has been reported to cause zoonotic infections and hepatitis in humans. Human infections with HEV-C1 are considered to be underestimated worldwide due to limited knowledge of transmission routes, genome epidemiology, and the risk assessment of zoonosis associated with these viruses. A total of 186 wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) were collected from the Republic of Korea (ROK) between 2011 and 2021. The prevalence of HEV-C1 RNA was 8 of 180 (4.4%) by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We first reported three nearly whole-genome sequences of HEV-C1 newly acquired from urban rats in the ROK. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that Korea-indigenous HEV-C1 formed an independent genetic group with those derived from R. norvegicus rats in other countries, indicating geographical and genetic diversity. Our findings provide critical insights into the molecular prevalence, genome epidemiology, and zoonotic potential of Rocahepevirus. This report raises awareness of the presence of Rocahepevirus-related hepatitis E among physicians in the ROK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eunyoung Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Soo Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Ok Shim
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Oechslin N, Da Silva N, Ankavay M, Moradpour D, Gouttenoire J. A genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies a role for Rab5A and early endosomes in hepatitis E virus replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307423120. [PMID: 38109552 PMCID: PMC10756275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307423120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. As the other positive-strand RNA viruses, it is believed to replicate its genome in a membrane-associated replication complex. However, current understanding of the host factors required for productive HEV infection is limited and the site as well as the composition of the HEV replication complex are still poorly characterized. To identify host factors required for HEV RNA replication, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in permissive human cell lines harboring subgenomic HEV replicons allowing for positive and negative selection. Among the validated candidates, Ras-related early endosomal protein Rab5A was selected for further characterization. siRNA-mediated silencing of Rab5A and its effectors APPL1 and EEA1, but not of the late and recycling endosome components Rab7A and Rab11A, respectively, significantly reduced HEV RNA replication. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of Rab5A and of dynamin-2, required for the formation of early endosomes, resulted in a dose-dependent decrease of HEV RNA replication. Colocalization studies revealed close proximity of Rab5A, the HEV ORF1 protein, corresponding to the viral replicase, as well as HEV positive- and negative-strand RNA. In conclusion, we successfully exploited CRISPR/Cas9 and selectable subgenomic replicons to identify host factors of a noncytolytic virus. This approach revealed a role for Rab5A and early endosomes in HEV RNA replication, likely by serving as a scaffold for the establishment of functional replication complexes. Our findings yield insights into the HEV life cycle and the virus-host interactions required for productive infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Oechslin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne1011, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Da Silva
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne1011, Switzerland
| | - Maliki Ankavay
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne1011, Switzerland
| | - Darius Moradpour
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne1011, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Gouttenoire
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne1011, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fiorillo L, Minervini G, Laino L, Peditto M, Cicciù M, Cervino G. Hepatitis-virus-positive patients management in dental office. Minerva Dent Oral Sci 2023; 72:312-318. [PMID: 37255308 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-6329.23.04803-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by several viruses including hepatitis A, B, C, D and E. This condition can affect the oral health of patients and increase the risk of complications during dental management. The clinical management of hepatitis patients in the dental setting requires a comprehensive and individualized approach to ensure safety and optimal treatment outcomes. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on the dental management of patients with different forms of hepatitis. METHODS The article focuses on the specific challenges associated with dental treatments in hepatitis patients, including increased risk of infection and bleeding. Additionally, the article provides recommendations for dental practitioners, including infection control measures, communication with medical providers, and the use of prophylactic antibiotics. RESULTS The authors show that the dental management of patients with hepatitis requires a thorough understanding of the specific challenges associated with this condition, as well as the implementation of appropriate preventive measures to ensure the safety and well-being of these patients. CONCLUSIONS Further research is needed to better understand the impact of hepatitis on oral health and the most effective approaches to managing dental treatments in this patient population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Fiorillo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy -
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy -
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, India -
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Laino
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, Luigi Vanvitelli University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Matteo Peditto
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical-Medical Specialties, School of Dentistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gabriele Cervino
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Yin X, Kan F. Hepatitis E virus infection and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol 2023; 87:102457. [PMID: 37797398 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2023.102457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is controversial and poorly investigated. We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies to evaluate whether HEV infection increases the risk of HCC. METHODS We searched international databases (PubMed/Medline, Web of Science Collection, Embase, and Scopus) for peer-reviewed research articles published from inception to May 1, 2023. The pooled estimates of the odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Between-study heterogeneity was measured using I² and Q-statistic. Sensitivity and cumulative analyses were performed to examine the stability of our results. RESULTS We identified seven eligible studies involving 1873 HCC cases and 8679 control subjects; the latter included 7382 healthy controls and 1297 patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD). Overall, we observed statistically significant associations between HEV infection and risk of HCC (OR 1.94; 95%CI 1.26-3.0). According to the types of the controls, the association was significant when healthy individuals were the controls (OR 2.28, 95%CI 1.43-3.64), whereas the association was not significant when the patients had CLD (OR 1.66, 95%CI 0.76-3.61). The Egger's test and funnel plot indicated that there is no publication bias (p = 0.1) in the studies included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity and cumulative analyses also indicated stability of our results. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that individuals with HEV infection had an increased risk of HCC; however, further well-designed clinical and experimental studies are needed to confirm these observations. Furthermore, whether various genotypes of HEV differ in promoting HCC also needs to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yin
- Department of Interventional Therapy, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo 255200, China
| | - Fanggong Kan
- Department of Oncology, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo 255200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Dong R, Chang D, Luo Z, Zhang M, Guan Q, Shen C, Chen Y, Huang P, Wang J. The burden of HEV-related acute liver failure in Bangladesh, China and India: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2369. [PMID: 38031080 PMCID: PMC10688087 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E can potentially progress to HEV-related acute liver failure (HEV-ALF). East and South Asia bear a substantial burden of HEV infection, with Bangladesh, China, and India facing the most severe threat in this region. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the burden of HEV-ALF in these three high-risk countries. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed utilizing PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Studies in English or Chinese that reported data on the burden of HEV-ALF in Bangladesh, China and India were included. Outcomes were pooled with meta-analysis utilizing R software. Estimates were calculated with random-effects models, and subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to address heterogeneity. Egger's test and Begg's test were performed to assess publication bias. RESULTS A total of 20 eligible studies were included in this study. The pooled HEV-attributable proportion of viral-related acute liver failure was estimated to be 40.0% (95% CI: 0.28-0.52), 30.0% (95% CI: 0.18-0.44), and 61.0% (95% CI: 0.49-0.72) among non-pregnant individuals in India, China and Bangladesh, while in Indian pregnant females, it was 71.0% (95% CI: 0.62-0.79). The combined prevalence among non-pregnant HEV-infected participants was 28.0% (95% CI: 0.20-0.37) and 10.0% (95% CI: 0.01-0.28) in India and China, and it was 34.0% (95% CI: 0.27-0.42) in Indian pregnant females with HEV infection. The overall mortality of HEV-ALF was estimated to be 32.0% (95% CI: 0.23-0.42) and 64.0% (95% CI: 0.50-0.77) among the non-pregnant and the pregnant participants in India, and it was 23.0% (95% CI: 0.14-0.34) in Chinese non-pregnant participants. CONCLUSIONS The burden of HEV-ALF in Bangladesh, China, and India is non-negligible despite geographic and population heterogeneity. The prevention of HEV infection and early recognition of HEV-ALF are of great significance, especially in high-risk countries and populations. REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration ID is CRD42022382101.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongchun Chang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenghan Luo
- East China Institute of Biomedical Technology, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Guan
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Nanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Fundamental and Community Nursing, School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Locus T, Lambrecht E, Lamoral S, Willems S, Van Gucht S, Vanwolleghem T, Peeters M. A Multifaceted Approach for Evaluating Hepatitis E Virus Infectivity In Vitro: Cell Culture and Innovative Molecular Methods for Integrity Assessment. Vet Sci 2023; 10:676. [PMID: 38133227 PMCID: PMC10748075 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus is a prominent cause of viral hepatitis worldwide. In Western countries, most infections are asymptomatic. However, acute self-limiting hepatitis and chronic cases in immunocompromised individuals can occur. Studying HEV is challenging due to its difficulty to grow in cell culture. Consequently, the detection of the virus mainly relies on RT-qPCR, which cannot differentiate between infectious and non-infectious particles. To overcome this problem, methods assessing viral integrity offer a possible solution to differentiate between intact and damaged viruses. This study aims at optimizing existing HEV cell culture models and RT-qPCR-based assays for selectively detecting intact virions to establish a reliable model for assessing HEV infectivity. In conclusion, these newly developed methods hold promise for enhancing food safety by identifying approaches for inactivating HEV in food processing, thereby increasing food safety measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Locus
- Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Unit, Flemish Research Institute for Agriculture (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium or (T.L.); (E.L.)
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Viral Hepatitis Research Group, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ellen Lambrecht
- Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Unit, Flemish Research Institute for Agriculture (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium or (T.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Sophie Lamoral
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Sjarlotte Willems
- Fisheries and Food, Technology and Food Unit, Flemish Research Institute for Agriculture (ILVO), Brusselsesteenweg 370, 9090 Melle, Belgium or (T.L.); (E.L.)
| | - Steven Van Gucht
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| | - Thomas Vanwolleghem
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, Viral Hepatitis Research Group, University of Antwerp, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Michael Peeters
- Sciensano, Infectious Diseases in Humans, Viral Diseases, Engelandstraat 642, 1180 Ukkel, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wu J, Xiang Z, Gao C, Huang L, Hua J, Tong L, Ling B, Yao Y, Jiang B, Wang D, Li G, Ju F, Jin X, Xu P, Bortolanza M, Jiang C, Chao C, Dong P, Huang F. Genotype 4 HEV infection triggers the initiation and development of acute pancreatitis. Microbes Infect 2023; 25:105190. [PMID: 37499789 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2023.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of HEV infection in AP remains unclear. 1000 patients with AP and 1000 HCs were enrolled, and pancreatitis was evaluated in HEV-infected rhesus macaques. The positive rates of anti-HEV IgG, IgM, and HEV RNA in the AP patients were significantly higher than HCs. With the increase in the severity of AP, the percentage of HEV infection increased. AP patients were divided into AP- and AP + AHE groups. The percentage of severe AP in the AP + AHE group was significantly higher than in the AP- group. HEV infection was one of the main independent risk factors and had high predictive power for AP outcomes. A high level of HEV titer would prolong the recovery time and increase the risk of recurrent AP. Moreover, AP + AHE patients receiving conservative treatment showed a better prognosis. Furthermore, HEV can replicate in the pancreas of rhesus macaques. The pancreatic islet structure was damaged, the tissue was loose after 272 dpi, and a large amount of hyperemia appeared after 770 dpi. HEV infection also caused a large number of inflammatory cells in the pancreas. The pancreas and liver had a comparable viral load. HEV infection affects AP's occurrence, development, and prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310009, China
| | - Ce Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingwen Hua
- Jiangsu University School of Medicine, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212000, China
| | - Ling Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Rd., Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, 224005, China
| | - Yiwen Yao
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424, Homburg, Germany
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Central Blood Station of Yancheng City, Yancheng, 224000, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second People's Hospital of Yancheng City, Yancheng, 224005, China
| | - Gongqi Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Linyi Traditional Hospital, Linyi, 276003, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Ju
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Jianhu City, Jianhu, 224799, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou City, 310012, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth People's Hospital of Suzhou, Suzhou, 215505, China
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Internal Medicine V-Pulmonology, Allergology, Respiratory Intensive Care Medicine, Saarland University Hospital, 66424, Homburg, Germany
| | - Chun Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, 242 Guangji Road, Suzhou, 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cong Chao
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jing Ming South Road, Kunming, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Hangzhou Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fen Huang
- Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 Jing Ming South Road, Kunming, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Takanohashi S, Sugiura T, Koyano A, Ueno T, Rachi H, Shiratori K, Shimasaki M, Igarashi H, Kitayama Y, Togawa A. Complete remission of primary membranous nephropathy following hepatitis E infection. CEN Case Rep 2023; 12:384-389. [PMID: 36864232 PMCID: PMC10620352 DOI: 10.1007/s13730-023-00780-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is a major cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Studies have shown that one-third of PMN cases undergo spontaneous remission, among which are some cases of infection-related complete remission. Herein, we report the case of a 57-year-old man who achieved complete remission of PMN shortly after the onset of acute hepatitis E infection. At the age of 55 years, the patient developed a nephrotic syndrome, and renal biopsy revealed membranous nephropathy, Ehrenreich-Churg stage 1. Treatment with prednisolone (PSL) reduced urinary protein from 7.8 g/gCre to approximately 1 g/gCre but did not lead to complete remission. However, 7 months after starting treatment, he developed an acute hepatitis E infection after consuming wild boar meat. Immediately after the onset of acute hepatitis E, the patient's urinary protein levels decreased to < 0.3 g/gCre. The PSL dose was subsequently reduced and discontinued after 2 years and 8 months, and complete remission was maintained thereafter. We considered that an increase in the number of regulatory T cells (Tregs) caused by acute hepatitis E infection was associated with PMN remission in this patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seiko Takanohashi
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugiura
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Akane Koyano
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Tomoko Ueno
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hiromu Rachi
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Kimitoshi Shiratori
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Megumi Shimasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hisaki Igarashi
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kitayama
- Department of Pathology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Akashi Togawa
- Department of Nephrology, Shizuoka Saiseikai General Hospital, 1-1-1 Oshika, Suruga-Ku, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 431-3192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Kumar S, Ansari S, Narayanan S, Ranjith-Kumar CT, Surjit M. Antiviral activity of zinc against hepatitis viruses: current status and future prospects. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1218654. [PMID: 37908540 PMCID: PMC10613677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1218654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis is a major public health concern globally. World health organization aims at eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. Among the hepatitis causing viruses, hepatitis B and C are primarily transmitted via contaminated blood. Hepatitis A and E, which gets transmitted primarily via the feco-oral route, are the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis. Although vaccines are available against some of these viruses, new cases continue to be reported. There is an urgent need to devise a potent yet economical antiviral strategy against the hepatitis-causing viruses (denoted as hepatitis viruses) for achieving global elimination of viral hepatitis. Although zinc was known to mankind for a long time (since before Christ era), it was identified as an element in 1746 and its importance for human health was discovered in 1963 by the pioneering work of Dr. Ananda S. Prasad. A series of follow up studies involving zinc supplementation as a therapy demonstrated zinc as an essential element for humans, leading to establishment of a recommended dietary allowance (RDA) of 15 milligram zinc [United States RDA for zinc]. Being an essential component of many cellular enzymes and transcription factors, zinc is vital for growth and homeostasis of most living organisms, including human. Importantly, several studies indicate potent antiviral activity of zinc. Multiple studies have demonstrated antiviral activity of zinc against viruses that cause hepatitis. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the findings on antiviral activity of zinc against hepatitis viruses, discusses the mechanisms underlying the antiviral properties of zinc and summarizes the prospects of harnessing the therapeutic benefit of zinc supplementation therapy in reducing the disease burden due to viral hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Shabnam Ansari
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Sriram Narayanan
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - C. T. Ranjith-Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Centre for Virus Research, Therapeutics and Vaccines, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Li M, Wang Y, Li K, Hao X, Zhou H. Establishment and Characterization of the First Chinese National Standard for Nucleic Acid Amplification Technology Assays for Hepatitis E Virus Nucleic Acid Detection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1195. [PMID: 37887711 PMCID: PMC10610164 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA is the gold standard for HEV infection diagnosis. In order to address the quality control requirements for HEV RNA detection kits within China, we aimed to establish the first Chinese national standard for HEV RNA detection through a collaborative study. The candidate standard was quantified using digital PCR (dPCR). A total of five laboratories were invited to determine the estimated mean value of this national standard relative to the World Health Organization International Standard (WHO IS). Additionally, four commercial kits were used to assess the applicability of the candidate standard. The stability was determined by freeze-thaw cycles and storage at 37 °C, 25 °C and 4 °C. The estimated mean value of this national standard relative to the WHO IS was 5.67 log10 IU/mL. Two out of the four commercial kits can detect as low as the estimated limit of detection (LOD). The degradation rates of samples in the stability study ranged from 4% to 19%. In conclusion, we have established the first Chinese national standard for HEV nucleic acid detection against WHO IS, which can be employed to evaluate the quality of HEV RNA detection kits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manyu Li
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantanxili Rd, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, First Hospital/First Clinical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030000, China
| | - Kejian Li
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantanxili Rd, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaotian Hao
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantanxili Rd, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Haiwei Zhou
- Division I of In Vitro Diagnostics for Infectious Diseases, Institute for In Vitro Diagnostics Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, 2 Tiantanxili Rd, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Oluremi AS, Casares-Jimenez M, Opaleye OO, Caballero-Gomez J, Ogbolu DO, Lopez-Lopez P, Corona-Mata D, Rivero-Juarez A, Rivero A. Butchering activity is the main risk factor for hepatitis E virus ( Paslahepevirus balayani) infection in southwestern Nigeria: a prospective cohort study. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247467. [PMID: 37822752 PMCID: PMC10562583 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Paslahepevirus balayani (Hepatitis E virus; HEV) is an emerging virus that poses as a public health threat. The virus is now reported to be the leading cause of acute viral hepatitis, with a unique impact on African settings. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for HEV infection in three cohorts (animal handlers, villagers, and students). Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was carried out on a total of 752 subjects from southwestern Nigeria. In all individuals, anti-HEV IgG and anti-HEV IgM antibodies were evaluated by using ELISA (confirming positive results via immunoblotting), and serum viral RNA was evaluated by using two RT-PCR assays. Results The overall seroprevalence of HEV IgG and HEV IgM was 14.9% (95% CI: 12.5-17.6%) and 1.3% (95% CI: 0.7-2.5%), respectively. We observed the highest seroprevalence among animal contact individuals, with butchers being the population with the highest HEV IgG seroprevalence (31.1%). Similarly, HEV IgM was higher in the animal contact group (2.2%) than in the non-animal contact cohort (0%). Discussions Viral RNA was not detected in any of the samples. Butchering was significantly associated with higher HEV prevalence. Although all efforts to prevent HEV in Africa have focused on the chlorination of water, our study suggests that most new infections could currently be linked to animal manipulation. Therefore, education and guidelines must be provided in southwest Nigeria to ensure that animal handling and processing methods are safe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adeolu S. Oluremi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Maria Casares-Jimenez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Oluyinka O. Opaleye
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Javier Caballero-Gomez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - David Olusoga Ogbolu
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Osun State University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
| | - Pedro Lopez-Lopez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Corona-Mata
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII – CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kinast V, Andreica I, Ahrenstorf G, Gömer A, Elsner C, Schlienkamp S, Schrader JA, Klöhn M, Ulrich RG, Broering R, Vondran FWR, Todt D, Behrendt P, Dittmer U, Hamprecht A, Witte T, Baraliakos X, Steinmann E. Janus kinase-inhibition modulates hepatitis E virus infection. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105690. [PMID: 37517633 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) usually causes a self-limiting disease, but especially immunocompromised individuals are at risk to develop a chronic and severe course of infection. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors (JAKi) are a novel drug class for the treatment of autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic disease (AIRD). As JAKs play a key role in innate immunity, viral infections and reactivations are frequently reported during JAKi treatment in AIRD patients. The aim of this study was to characterize the influence of JAKis on HEV replication. To this end, we evaluated liver enzymes of an AIRD patient under JAKi therapy with hepatitis E. Further, experiments with HEV (Kernow-C1 p6) were performed by infection of primary human hepatocytes (PHHs) followed by immunofluorescence staining of viral markers and transcriptomic analysis. Infection experiments in PHHs displayed an up to 50-fold increase of progeny virus production during JAKi treatment and transcriptomic analysis revealed induction of antiviral programs during infection. Upregulation of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) was perturbed in the presence of JAKis, concomitant with elevated HEV RNA levels. The obtained results suggest that therapeutic JAK inhibition increases HEV replication by modulating the HEV-triggered immune response. Therefore, JAKi treatment and the occurrence of elevated liver enzymes requires a monitoring of potential HEV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Kinast
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Ioana Andreica
- Rheumazentrum Ruhrgebiet, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ahrenstorf
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - André Gömer
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Carina Elsner
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schlienkamp
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jil Alexandra Schrader
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mara Klöhn
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rainer G Ulrich
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Disease, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, 17493, Greifswald, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Florian W R Vondran
- ReMediES, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniel Todt
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Patrick Behrendt
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Axel Hamprecht
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Witte
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medical University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Eike Steinmann
- Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, 44801, Bochum, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Subramaniam S, Fares-Gusmao R, Sato S, Cullen JM, Takeda K, Farci P, McGivern DR. Distinct disease features of acute and persistent genotype 3 hepatitis E virus infection in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed Mongolian gerbils. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011664. [PMID: 37703304 PMCID: PMC10519604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes self-limited acute hepatitis in immunocompetent individuals and can establish chronic infection in solid organ transplant recipients taking immunosuppressive drugs. A well characterized small animal model is needed to understand HEV pathogenesis. In this study, we established a robust model to study acute and persistent HEV infection using Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) with or without immunosuppression. Gerbils were implanted subcutaneously with continuous release tacrolimus pellet to induce immunosuppression. Gerbils with or without tacrolimus treatment were inoculated with HEV intraperitoneally. Viremia, fecal virus shedding, serum antibody and ALT levels, liver histopathological lesions, hepatocyte apoptosis, and liver macrophage distribution were assessed. Mild to moderate self-limited hepatitis and IgM and IgG antibody responses against HEV ORF2 were observed in immunocompetent gerbils. Levels of HEV-specific IgM responses were higher and lasted longer in immunocompetent gerbils with higher peak viremia. Persistent viremia and fecal virus shedding with either weak, or absent HEV antibody levels were seen in immunosuppressed gerbils. Following HEV infection, serum ALT levels were increased, with lower and delayed peaks observed in immunosuppressed compared to immunocompetent gerbils. In immunocompetent gerbils, foci of apoptotic hepatocytes were detected that were distributed with inflammatory infiltrates containing CD68+ macrophages. However, these foci were absent in immunosuppressed gerbils. The immunosuppressed gerbils showed no inflammation with no increase in CD68+ macrophages despite high virus replication in liver. Our findings suggest adaptive immune responses are necessary for inducing hepatocyte apoptosis, CD68+ macrophage recruitment, and inflammatory cell infiltration in response to HEV infection. Our studies show that Mongolian gerbils provide a promising model to study pathogenesis during acute and persistent HEV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sakthivel Subramaniam
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rafaelle Fares-Gusmao
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shinya Sato
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John M. Cullen
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Patrizia Farci
- Hepatic Pathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - David R. McGivern
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Division of Emerging and Transfusion Transmitted Diseases, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Santos-Silva S, da Silva Dias Moraes DF, López-López P, Rivero-Juarez A, Mesquita JR, Nascimento MSJ. Hepatitis E Virus in the Iberian Peninsula: A Systematic Review. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:193-211. [PMID: 37434079 PMCID: PMC10499749 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09560-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent causes of acute viral hepatitis is hepatitis E virus (HEV) causing 20 million infections worldwide each year and 44,000 deaths. Studies on HEV in the Iberian Peninsula have been increasing through time with HEV infection being identified in humans and animals. The aim of the present systematic review was to compile and evaluate all the published data on HEV from studies performed in humans, animals and environmental samples in the Iberian Peninsula. The electronic databases Mendeley, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched, and research published up until February 01, 2023 were included. Resulting in a total of 151 eligible papers by full reading and application of PRISMA exclusion/inclusion criteria. Overall, the present review shows that several HEV genotypes, namely HEV-1, 3, 4, and 6 as well as Rocahepevirus, are circulating in humans, animals, and in the environment in the Iberian Peninsula. HEV-3 was the most common genotype circulating in humans in Portugal and Spain, as expected for developed countries, with HEV-1 only being detected in travelers and emigrants from HEV endemic regions. Spain is the biggest pork producer in Europe and given the high circulation of HEV in pigs, with HEV-3 being primarily associated to zoonotic transmission through consumption of swine meat and meat products, in our opinion, the introduction of an HEV surveillance system in swine and inclusion of HEV in diagnostic routines for acute and chronic human hepatitis would be important. Additionally, we propose that establishing a monitoring mechanism for HEV is crucial in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence of this illness and the various strains present in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their potential impact on public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Santos-Silva
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Pedro López-López
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - António Rivero-Juarez
- Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba, Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - João R Mesquita
- ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Epidemiology Research Unit (EPIUnit), Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), Porto, Portugal.
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fatawou MA, Chavely MG, Henri MYM, Daniel KN, Claire EZM, Richard N. First Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis E Virus in Sewage Samples in Cameroon. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2023; 15:255-261. [PMID: 37553482 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-023-09562-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) represents an important public health concern in many developing countries, including Africa. Transmission of HEV to humans by contaminated drinking water is the most important mode of transmission in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to assess the presence of HEV in the environment in Cameroon through molecular analysis of sewage samples. Retrospectively, a total of 157 sewage samples collected between January 2018 and December 2019 were randomly selected and analyzed by molecular techniques to detect and characterize the HEV followed by sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Three samples (1.9%) collected from North, Far North, and Adamawa regions were positive by real-time reverse transcription polymerization chain reaction. Among these, 2 samples were positive for HEV ribonucleic acid by nested reverse transcription polymerization chain reaction and only one yielded a good sequencing product. Phylogenetic analysis of this unique HEV strain showed that this HEV strain belonged to genotype 3, subtype 3a, and clustered with swine HEV strains from Cameroon, Argentina, and the USA. This study provides preliminary data on the circulation of HEV in wastewater in Cameroon. Further studies will be needed to assess the overall situation in Cameroon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Njouom Richard
- Virology Department, Centre Pasteur of Cameroon, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Williamson C, Nana M, Poon L, Kupcinskas L, Painter R, Taliani G, Heneghan M, Marschall HU, Beuers U. EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of liver diseases in pregnancy. J Hepatol 2023; 79:768-828. [PMID: 37394016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Liver diseases in pregnancy comprise both gestational liver disorders and acute and chronic hepatic disorders occurring coincidentally in pregnancy. Whether related to pregnancy or pre-existing, liver diseases in pregnancy are associated with a significant risk of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Thus, the European Association for the Study of Liver Disease invited a panel of experts to develop clinical practice guidelines aimed at providing recommendations, based on the best available evidence, for the management of liver disease in pregnancy for hepatologists, gastroenterologists, obstetric physicians, general physicians, obstetricians, specialists in training and other healthcare professionals who provide care for this patient population.
Collapse
|
47
|
Wen GP, Wang MM, Tang ZM, Liu C, Yu ZH, Wang Z, Zheng ZZ, Zhou YL, Ge YS. Prevalence of Hepatitis E Virus and Its Associated Outcomes among Pregnant Women in China. Pathogens 2023; 12:1072. [PMID: 37764880 PMCID: PMC10536528 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant public health concern worldwide. Pregnant women are at high risk of severe HEV infection. Various adverse outcomes in pregnant women related to HEV infection have been well documented in low-income and middle-income countries with poor sanitation. However, previous studies have provided inconsistent conclusions regarding the effects of HEV infection on the health of pregnant women and their infants in developed countries and contemporary China. In China, previous studies on HEV in pregnant women mainly focused on anti-HEV IgM and/or anti-HEV IgG. In this study, 4244 pregnant women were retrospectively analyzed for HEV-related markers. The positive rates of HEV antigen, HEV RNA, anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgG were 0.28%, 0.54%, 0.35%, and 10.49%, respectively. Among the 467 pregnant women who tested positive for at least one HEV-related marker, 92.93% (434) were positive for anti-HEV IgG only and 0.21% (1) were positive for HEV antigen, anti-HEV IgM, and anti-HEV IgG. Although the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG significantly increased with age, the prevalence of anti-HEV IgM, HEV RNA, and HEV antigen did not differ among pregnant women of different ages. Thirty-three pregnant women were positive for at least one of anti-HEV IgM, HEV antigen, and HEV RNA, and these individuals were recently or currently infected with HEV. None of the 33 pregnant women exhibited obvious clinical symptoms. Of the 33 pregnant women, 39.39% (13) experienced adverse fetal outcomes, including preterm birth, fetal distress, and low birth weight, the incidence of which was significantly higher than in pregnant women who were not recently or currently infected with HEV. These findings suggest that maternal HEV infection may impact the health of fetuses; thus, these results may contribute to the development of appropriate public health interventions for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Ping Wen
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Min-Ming Wang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zi-Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Infectious Disease Diagnostic Technology, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zi-Hao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- School of Pharmacy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zi-Zheng Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yu-Lin Zhou
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- United Diagnostic and Research Center for Clinical Genetics, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine and School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yun-Sheng Ge
- Department of Central Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jang ES, Choi GH, Kim YS, Kim IH, Lee YJ, Cho SB, Kim YT, Jeong SH. Prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of hepatitis E virus coinfection in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13632. [PMID: 37604848 PMCID: PMC10442446 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39019-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to elucidate the anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence and incidence of seroconversion and seroreversion as well as its risk factors and to analyze the clinical outcomes of HEV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfected patients compared to those of HCV-monoinfected patients. We prospectively enrolled 502 viremic HCV patients with paired plasma samples (at intervals of ≥ 12 months) from 5 tertiary hospitals. Anti-HEV IgG positivity was tested using the Wantai ELISA kit in all paired samples. Mean age was 58.2 ± 11.5 years old, 48.2% were male, 29.9% of patients had liver cirrhosis, and 9.4% of patients were diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The overall prevalence of anti-HEV IgG positivity at enrollment was 33.3%, with a higher prevalence in males and increasing prevalence according to the subject's age. During the 916.4 person-year, the HEV incidence rate was 0.98/100 person-years (9/335, 2.7%). Hepatic decompensation or liver-related mortality was not observed. There were six seroreversion cases among 172 anti-HEV-positive patients (1.22/100 person-years). In conclusion, approximately one-third of the adult Korean chronic HCV patients were anti-HEV IgG positive. The HEV incidence rate was 1 in 100 persons per year, without adverse hepatic outcomes or mortality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sun Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Seok Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Bucheon, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University College of Medicine, Chonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Jae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Beom Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Tae Kim
- Center for Technology Innovation, Seoul Clinical Laboratories, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Hyang Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Kumar S, Verma R, Saha S, Agrahari AK, Shukla S, Singh ON, Berry U, Anurag, Maiti TK, Asthana S, Ranjith-Kumar CT, Surjit M. RNA-Protein Interactome at the Hepatitis E Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0282722. [PMID: 37382527 PMCID: PMC10434006 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02827-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple processes exist in a cell to ensure continuous production of essential proteins either through cap-dependent or cap-independent translation processes. Viruses depend on the host translation machinery for viral protein synthesis. Therefore, viruses have evolved clever strategies to use the host translation machinery. Earlier studies have shown that genotype 1 hepatitis E virus (g1-HEV) uses both cap-dependent and cap-independent translation machineries for its translation and proliferation. Cap-independent translation in g1-HEV is driven by an 87-nucleotide-long RNA element that acts as a noncanonical, internal ribosome entry site-like (IRESl) element. Here, we have identified the RNA-protein interactome of the HEV IRESl element and characterized the functional significance of some of its components. Our study identifies the association of HEV IRESl with several host ribosomal proteins, demonstrates indispensable roles of ribosomal protein RPL5 and DHX9 (RNA helicase A) in mediating HEV IRESl activity, and establishes the latter as a bona fide internal translation initiation site. IMPORTANCE Protein synthesis is a fundamental process for survival and proliferation of all living organisms. The majority of cellular proteins are produced through cap-dependent translation. Cells also use a variety of cap-independent translation processes to synthesize essential proteins during stress. Viruses depend on the host cell translation machinery to synthesize their own proteins. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of hepatitis worldwide and has a capped positive-strand RNA genome. Viral nonstructural and structural proteins are synthesized through a cap-dependent translation process. An earlier study from our laboratory reported the presence of a fourth open reading frame (ORF) in genotype 1 HEV, which produces the ORF4 protein using a cap-independent internal ribosome entry site-like (IRESl) element. In the current study, we identified the host proteins that associate with the HEV-IRESl RNA and generated the RNA-protein interactome. Through a variety of experimental approaches, our data prove that HEV-IRESl is a bona fide internal translation initiation site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiv Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Rohit Verma
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Sandhini Saha
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Agrahari
- Noncommunicable Disease Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Shivangi Shukla
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Oinam Ningthemmani Singh
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Umang Berry
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Anurag
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Laboratory of Functional Proteomics, Regional Centre for Biotechnology, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Noncommunicable Disease Group, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| | - C. T. Ranjith-Kumar
- University School of Biotechnology, Guru Gobind Singh Indraprastha University, New Delhi, India
| | - Milan Surjit
- Virology Laboratory, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bouquet P, Alexandre V, De Lamballerie M, Ley D, Lesage J, Goffard A, Cocquerel L. Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing and Holder Pasteurization of Human Milk on Inactivation of Human Coronavirus 229E and Hepatitis E Virus. Viruses 2023; 15:1571. [PMID: 37515257 PMCID: PMC10384040 DOI: 10.3390/v15071571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In preterm infants, sterilized donor milk (DM) is frequently used for feeding when breast milk is lacking. Most human milk banks use the Holder pasteurization method (HoP) to ensure the microbiological safety of DM. However, this method degrades many bioactive factors and hormones. Recently, high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) processing, which preserves bioactive factors in human milk, has been proposed as an alternative method to ensure the safety of DM. Although HHP treatment has been shown to be effective for viral inactivation, the effect of HHP on viruses that may be present in the complex nutritional matrix of human milk has not yet been defined. In the present study, we compared the efficacy of two HHP protocols (4 cycles at 350 MPa at 38 °C designated as 4xHP350 treatment, and 1 cycle at 600 MPa at 20 °C designated as 1xHP600 treatment) with the HoP method on artificially virus-infected DM. For this purpose, we used human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) as surrogate models for enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Our results showed that HCoV-229E is inactivated by HHP and HoP treatment. In particular, the 4xHP350 protocol is highly effective in inactivating HCoV-229E. However, our results demonstrated a matrix effect of human milk on HCoV-229E inactivation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that HEV is stable to moderate pressure HHP treatment, but the milk matrix does not protect it from inactivation by the high-pressure HHP treatment of 600 MPa. Importantly, the complex nutritional matrix of human milk protects HEV from inactivation by HoP treatment. In conclusion, we demonstrated that HHP and HoP treatments do not lead to complete inactivation of both surrogate virus models, indicating that these treatments cannot guarantee total viral safety of donor milk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Bouquet
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Virginie Alexandre
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Delphine Ley
- CHU Lille, Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics, Jeanne de Flandre Children's Hospital, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean Lesage
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286-INFINITE-Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne Goffard
- Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Institut Pasteur de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Laurence Cocquerel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|