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Mahdifar M, Boostani R, Taylor GP, Rezaee SA, Rafatpanah H. Comprehensive Insight into the Functional Roles of NK and NKT Cells in HTLV-1-Associated Diseases and Asymptomatic Carriers. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:7877-7889. [PMID: 38436833 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03999-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first human oncogenic retrovirus to be discovered and causes two major diseases: a progressive neuro-inflammatory disease, termed HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), and an aggressive malignancy of T lymphocytes known as adult T cell leukemia (ATL). Innate and acquired immune responses play pivotal roles in controlling the status of HTLV-1-infected cells and such, the outcome of HTLV-1 infection. Natural killer cells (NKCs) are the effector cells of the innate immune system and are involved in controlling viral infections and several types of cancers. The ability of NKCs to trigger cytotoxicity to provide surveillance against viruses and cancer depends on the balance between the inhibitory and activating signals. In this review, we will discuss NKC function and the alterations in the frequency of these cells in HTLV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahdifar
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Graham P Taylor
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Seyed Abdolrahim Rezaee
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Center, Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases Division, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Artiaga BL, Madden D, Kwon T, McDowell C, Keating C, Balaraman V, de Carvahlo Madrid DM, Touchard L, Henningson J, Meade P, Krammer F, Morozov I, Richt JA, Driver JP. Adjuvant Use of the Invariant-Natural-Killer-T-Cell Agonist α-Galactosylceramide Leads to Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Respiratory Disease in Influenza-Vaccinated Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:1068. [PMID: 39340098 PMCID: PMC11435877 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12091068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are glycolipid-reactive T cells with potent immunoregulatory properties. iNKT cells activated with the marine-sponge-derived glycolipid, α-galactosylceramide (αGC), provide a universal source of T-cell help that has shown considerable promise for a wide array of therapeutic applications. This includes harnessing iNKT-cell-mediated immune responses to adjuvant whole inactivated influenza virus (WIV) vaccines. An important concern with WIV vaccines is that under certain circumstances, they are capable of triggering vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD). This immunopathological phenomenon can arise after immunization with an oil-in-water (OIW) adjuvanted WIV vaccine, followed by infection with a hemagglutinin and neuraminidase mismatched challenge virus. This elicits antibodies (Abs) that bind immunodominant epitopes in the HA2 region of the heterologous virus, which purportedly causes enhanced virus fusion activity to the host cell and increased infection. Here, we show that αGC can induce severe VAERD in pigs. However, instead of stimulating high concentrations of HA2 Abs, αGC elicits high concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ-secreting cells both in the lungs and systemically. Additionally, we found that VAERD mediated by iNKT cells results in distinct cytokine profiles and altered adaptation of the challenge virus following infection compared to an OIW adjuvant. Overall, these results provide a cautionary note about considering the formulation of WIV vaccines with iNKT-cell agonists as a potential strategy to modulate antigen-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L Artiaga
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Daniel Madden
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Chester McDowell
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Cassidy Keating
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaraman
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Darling Melany de Carvahlo Madrid
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Laurie Touchard
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Jamie Henningson
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Philip Meade
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Ignaz Semmelweis Institute, Interuniversity Institute for Infection Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Igor Morozov
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Juergen A Richt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - John P Driver
- Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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3
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Pellicci DG, Tavakolinia N, Perriman L, Berzins SP, Menne C. Thymic development of human natural killer T cells: recent advances and implications for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1441634. [PMID: 39267746 PMCID: PMC11390520 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1441634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a subset of lipid-reactive, unconventional T cells that have anti-tumor properties that make them a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies have deciphered the developmental pathway of human MAIT and Vγ9Vδ2 γδ-T cells as well as murine iNKT cells, yet our understanding of human NKT cell development is limited. Here, we provide an update in our understanding of how NKT cells develop in the human body and how knowledge regarding their development could enhance human treatments by targeting these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G Pellicci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Naeimeh Tavakolinia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Louis Perriman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - Stuart P Berzins
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
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4
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Romanò C, Jiang H, Tahvili S, Wei P, Keiding UB, Clergeaud G, Skovbakke SL, Blomberg AL, Hafkenscheid L, Henriksen JR, Andresen TL, Goletz S, Hansen AE, Christensen D, Clausen MH. Chemical synthesis and immunological evaluation of cancer vaccines based on ganglioside antigens and α-galactosylceramide. RSC Med Chem 2024; 15:2718-2728. [PMID: 39149099 PMCID: PMC11324045 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00387j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
iNKT cells - often referred as the "Swiss Army knife" of the immune system - have emerged as central players in cancer vaccine therapies. Glycolipids activating iNKT cells, such as α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer), can enhance the immune response against co-delivered cancer antigens and have been applied in the design of self-adjuvanting anti-tumor vaccines. In this context, this work focuses on the chemical synthesis of ganglioside tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs), namely GM3 and (Neu5Gc)GM3 antigens, their conjugation to αGalCer, and their formulation into liposomes as an efficient platform for their in vivo delivery. Liposomes containing GM3-αGalCer, (Neu5Gc)GM3-αGalCer, and equimolar amounts of the two conjugates have been fully characterized and their ability to activate iNKT cell has been confirmed ex vivo in mouse and human cell assays. The candidates were tested in in vivo immunization studies, demonstrating an ability to induce both TH1 and TH2 cytokines leading to the production of all subclasses of IgG antibodies. Notably, the study also demonstrated that serum antibodies raised against the two TACAs, alone and in combination, were cross-reactive. This finding has consequences for future vaccine designs - even if a highly tumor-selective antigen is chosen, the resulting antibody response may be broader than anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Hao Jiang
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Sahar Tahvili
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Peng Wei
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Ulrik B Keiding
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Gael Clergeaud
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Sarah Line Skovbakke
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anne Louise Blomberg
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Lise Hafkenscheid
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Jonas R Henriksen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Thomas L Andresen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Steffen Goletz
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Section for Medical Biotechnology, Biotherapeutic Glycoengineering and Immunology, Technical University of Denmark Søltofts Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Anders E Hansen
- Department of Health Technology, Section for Biotherapeutic Engineering and Drug Targeting, Technical University of Denmark Ørsteds Plads 2800 Kgs Lyngby Denmark
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Adjuvant Systems Research & Development, Croda Pharma 2800 Lyngby Denmark
| | - Mads H Clausen
- Center for Nanomedicine & Theranostics, Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Denmark Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
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5
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Xu Y, Yang J, Meng X, Meng S, Sun T, Ding N, Zong C. The synthesis and preliminary immunological evaluation of a dual-adjuvant SARS-CoV-2 RBD vaccine: Covalent integration of TLR7/8 and iNKT cell agonists. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132258. [PMID: 38735613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Covalently linking an adjuvant to an antigenic protein enhances its immunogenicity by ensuring a synergistic delivery to the immune system, fostering a more robust and targeted immune response. Most adjuvant-protein conjugate vaccines incorporate only one adjuvant due to the difficulties in its synthesis. However, there is a growing interest in developing vaccines with multiple adjuvants designed to elicit a more robust and targeted immune response by engaging different aspects of the immune system for complex diseases where traditional vaccines fall short. Here, we pioneer the synthesis of a dual-adjuvants protein conjugate Vaccine 1 by assembling a toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonist, an invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) agonist with a clickable bicyclononyne (BCN). The BCN group can bio-orthogonally react with azide-modified severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 receptor-binding domain (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) trimer antigen to give the three-component Vaccine 1. Notably, with a mere 3 μg antigen, it elicited a balanced subclass of IgG titers and 20-fold more IgG2a than control vaccines, highlighting its potential for enhancing antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. This strategy provides a practicable way to synthesize covalently linked dual immunostimulants. It expands the fully synthetic self-adjuvant protein vaccine that uses a single adjuvant to include two different types of adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xiongyan Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Shuai Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Tiantian Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 826 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chengli Zong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China.
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6
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Mooney AH, Draper SL, Burn OK, Anderson RJ, Compton BJ, Tang C, Farrand KJ, Di Lucia P, Ravà M, Fumagalli V, Giustini L, Bono E, Godfrey DI, Heath WR, Yuan W, Chisari FV, Guidotti LG, Iannacone M, Sidney J, Sette A, Gulab SA, Painter GF, Hermans IF. Preclinical evaluation of therapeutic vaccines for chronic hepatitis B that stimulate antiviral activities of T cells and NKT cells. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:101038. [PMID: 38694959 PMCID: PMC11061331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2024.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Liver diseases resulting from chronic HBV infection are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Vaccines that elicit T-cell responses capable of controlling the virus represent a treatment strategy with potential for long-term effects. Here, we evaluated vaccines that induce the activity of type I natural killer T (NKT) cells to limit viral replication and license stimulation of conventional antiviral T-cells. Methods Vaccines were prepared by conjugating peptide epitopes to an NKT-cell agonist to promote co-delivery to antigen-presenting cells, encouraging NKT-cell licensing and stimulation of T cells. Activity of the conjugate vaccines was assessed in transgenic mice expressing the complete HBV genome, administered intravenously to maximise access to NKT cell-rich tissues. Results The vaccines induced only limited antiviral activity in unmanipulated transgenic hosts, likely attributable to NKT-cell activation as T-cell tolerance to viral antigens is strong. However, in a model of chronic hepatitis B involving transfer of naive HBcAg-specific CD8+ T cells into the transgenic mice, which typically results in specific T-cell dysfunction without virus control, vaccines containing the targeted HBcAg epitope induced prolonged antiviral activity because of qualitatively improved T-cell stimulation. In a step towards a clinical product, vaccines were prepared using synthetic long peptides covering clusters of known HLA-binding epitopes and shown to be immunogenic in HLA transgenic mice. Predictions based on HLA distribution suggest a product containing three selected SLP-based vaccines could give >90 % worldwide coverage, with an average of 3.38 epitopes targeted per individual. Conclusions The novel vaccines described show promise for further clinical development as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Impact and Implications Although there are effective prophylactic vaccines for HBV infection, it is estimated that 350-400 million people worldwide have chronic hepatitis B, putting these individuals at significant risk of life-threatening liver diseases. Therapeutic vaccination aimed at activating or boosting HBV-specific T-cell responses holds potential as a strategy for treating chronic infection, but has so far met with limited success. Here, we show that a glycolipid-peptide conjugate vaccine designed to coordinate activity of type I NKT cells alongside conventional antiviral T cells has antiviral activity in a mouse model of chronic infection. It is anticipated that a product based on a combination of three such conjugates, each prepared using long peptides covering clusters of known HLA-binding epitopes, could be developed further as a treatment for chronic hepatitis B with broad global HLA coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna H. Mooney
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L. Draper
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olivia K. Burn
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Regan J. Anderson
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin J. Compton
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Chingwen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Pietro Di Lucia
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Micol Ravà
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Fumagalli
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Leonardo Giustini
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Bono
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Dale I. Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - William R. Heath
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Weiming Yuan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francis V. Chisari
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Luca G. Guidotti
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Iannacone
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shivali A. Gulab
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Avalia Immunotherapies Limited, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F. Painter
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Ian F. Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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7
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N’guessan KF, Machmach K, Swafford I, Costanzo MC, Wieczorek L, Kim D, Akapirat S, Polonis VR, Pitisuttithum P, Nitayaphan S, Gurunathan S, Sinangil F, Chariyalertsak S, Ake JA, O’connell RJ, Vasan S, Paquin-Proulx D. Innate immune cell activation after HIV-1 vaccine administration is associated with increased antibody production. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1339727. [PMID: 38420129 PMCID: PMC10900843 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1339727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The RV144 Thai phase III clinical trial's canarypox-protein HIV vaccine regimen showed modest efficacy in reducing infection. We therefore sought to determine the effects of vaccine administration on innate cell activation and subsequent associations with vaccine-induced immune responses. RV306 was a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in HIV-uninfected Thai adults that tested delayed boosting following the RV144 regimen. PBMC collected from RV306 participants prior to and 3 days after the last boost were used to investigate innate immune cell activation. Our analysis showed an increase in CD38+ mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, CD38+ invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells, CD38+ γδ T cells, CD38+, CD69+ and HLA-DR+ NK cells 3 days after vaccine administration. An increase in CD14-CD16+ non-classical monocytes and CD14+CD16+ intermediate monocytes accompanied by a decrease in CD14+CD16- classical monocytes was also associated with vaccine administration. Inclusion of ALVAC-HIV in the boost did not further increase MAIT, iNKT, γδ T, and NK cell activation or increase the proportion of non-classical monocytes. Additionally, NK cell activation 3 days after vaccination was positively associated with antibody titers of HIV Env-specific total IgG and IgG1. Vδ1 T cell activation 3 days after vaccine administration was associated with HIV Env-specific IgG3 titers. Finally, we observed trending associations between MAIT cell activation and Env-specific IgG3 titers and between NK cell activation and TH023 pseudovirus neutralization titers. Our study identifies a potential role for innate cells, specifically NK, MAIT, and γδ T cells, in promoting antibody responses following HIV-1 vaccine administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kombo F. N’guessan
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kawthar Machmach
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Isabella Swafford
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Margaret C. Costanzo
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lindsay Wieczorek
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dohoon Kim
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Siriwat Akapirat
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Victoria R. Polonis
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | | | - Sorachai Nitayaphan
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Faruk Sinangil
- Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases, Lafayette, CA, United States
| | - Suwat Chariyalertsak
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Faculty of Public Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Julie A. Ake
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Robert J. O’connell
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Armed Forces Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dominic Paquin-Proulx
- United States Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
- Military HIV Research Program (MHRP), Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, United States
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8
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Alhamawi RM, Aloufi N, Alamri AF, Altubayli FA, Alsairi RT, Alhamad RA, Alharbi SM, Ankhli ZA, Eid HMA, Almutawif YA. Prognostic impact of invariant natural killer T cells in solid and hematological tumors; systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Biomark 2024; 41:155-164. [PMID: 39302356 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-240069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are an immune subset that purportedly link the adaptive and the innate arms of the immune system. Importantly, iNKT cells contribute to anti-cancer immunity in different types of hematological and solid malignancies by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, using such cells in treating different type of tumors would be an ideal candidate for cancer immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE To assess the prognostic effect of iNKT cells across different types of solid and hematological tumors. METHODS In systematic review and meta-analysis, articles assessed the prognostic effect of iNKT cells were systemically searched using the scientific databases including Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Scopus. RESULTS Strikingly, the analysis showed the positive impact of intratumoral or circulating iNKT cells on the survival rate in patients with all studied tumors with overall effect of a pooled hazard ratio of 0.89 (95% CI 0.81 to 0.98; p= 0.01). A highly statistical heterogeneity was noted between studied tumor with I2 = 87%; p= 0.00001. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, this study would present a new insight into the impact of iNKT cells correlate with caner patients' survival rate and how such cells would be used as a therapeutic target in these patients.
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9
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Nishio K, Pasquet L, Camara K, DiSapio J, Hsu KS, Kato S, Bloom A, Richardson SK, Welsh JA, Jiang T, Jones JC, Cardell S, Watarai H, Terabe M, Olkhanud PB, Howell AR, Berzofsky JA. Lysosomal processing of sulfatide analogs alters target NKT cell specificity and immune responses in cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 134:e165281. [PMID: 38127463 PMCID: PMC10866642 DOI: 10.1172/jci165281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In a structure-function study of sulfatides that typically stimulate type II NKT cells, we made an unexpected discovery. We compared analogs with sphingosine or phytosphingosine chains and 24-carbon acyl chains with 0-1-2 double bonds (C or pC24:0, 24:1, or 24:2). C24:1 and C24:2 sulfatide presented by the CD1d monomer on plastic stimulated type II, not type I, NKT cell hybridomas, as expected. Unexpectedly, when presented by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), C24:2 reversed specificity to stimulate type I, not type II, NKT cell hybridomas, mimicking the corresponding β-galactosylceramide (βGalCer) without sulfate. C24:2 induced IFN-γ-dependent immunoprotection against CT26 colon cancer lung metastases, skewed the cytokine profile, and activated conventional DC subset 1 cells (cDC1s). This was abrogated by blocking lysosomal processing with bafilomycin A1, or by sulfite blocking of arylsulfatase or deletion of this enyzme that cleaves off sulfate. Thus, C24:2 was unexpectedly processed in BMDCs from a type II to a type I NKT cell-stimulating ligand, promoting tumor immunity. We believe this is the first discovery showing that antigen processing of glycosylceramides alters the specificity for the target cell, reversing the glycolipid's function from stimulating type II NKT cells to stimulating type I NKT cells, thereby introducing protective functional activity in cancer. We also believe our study uncovers a new role for antigen processing that does not involve MHC loading but rather alteration of which type of cell is responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Nishio
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lise Pasquet
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kaddy Camara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Julia DiSapio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kevin S. Hsu
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Shingo Kato
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Anja Bloom
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Joshua A. Welsh
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tianbo Jiang
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer C. Jones
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Susanna Cardell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hiroshi Watarai
- Department of Immunology and Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Masaki Terabe
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Purevdorj B. Olkhanud
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy R. Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jay A. Berzofsky
- Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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10
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Tognarelli EI, Gutiérrez-Vera C, Palacios PA, Pasten-Ferrada IA, Aguirre-Muñoz F, Cornejo DA, González PA, Carreño LJ. Natural Killer T Cell Diversity and Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5737. [PMID: 38136283 PMCID: PMC10742272 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKTs), a type of unconventional T cells, share features with NK cells and have an invariant T cell receptor (TCR), which recognizes lipid antigens loaded on CD1d molecules, a major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I)-like protein. This interaction produces the secretion of a wide array of cytokines by these cells, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), allowing iNKTs to link innate with adaptive responses. Interestingly, molecules that bind CD1d have been identified that enable the modulation of these cells, highlighting their potential pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive capacities, as required in different clinical settings. In this review, we summarize key features of iNKTs and current understandings of modulatory α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) variants, a model iNKT cell activator that can shift the outcome of adaptive immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss advances in the development of strategies that modulate these cells to target pathologies that are considerable healthcare burdens. Finally, we recapitulate findings supporting a role for iNKTs in infectious diseases and tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo I. Tognarelli
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Cristián Gutiérrez-Vera
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Pablo A. Palacios
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Ignacio A. Pasten-Ferrada
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Fernanda Aguirre-Muñoz
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
| | - Daniel A. Cornejo
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Pablo A. González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile
| | - Leandro J. Carreño
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago 8330025, Chile; (E.I.T.); (C.G.-V.); (P.A.P.); (I.A.P.-F.); (F.A.-M.); (D.A.C.)
- Programa de Inmunología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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11
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Lin Q, Wang T, Zuo X, Ni H, Zhong J, Zhan L, Cheng H, Huang Y, Ding X, Yu H, Nie H. Anti-CD1d treatment suppresses immunogenic maturation of lung dendritic cells dependent on lung invariant natural killer T cells in asthmatic mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 124:110921. [PMID: 37725846 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Our previous findings show that invariant natural killer T (iNKT)cells can promote immunogenic maturation of lung dendritic cells (LDCs) to enhance Th2 cell responses in asthma. It has been accepted that recognition of glycolipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules by the T cell receptors of iNKT cells leads to iNKT cell activation. Therefore, we examine the immunoregulatory influences of anti-CD1d treatment on Th2 cell response and immunogenic maturation of LDCs and subsequently explored whether these influences were dependent on lung iNKT cells in asthmatic mice. We discoveredthat in wild-type mice sensitized and challenged with house dust mite or ovalbumin (OVA), anti-CD1d treatment inhibited Th2 cell response and immunogenic maturation of LDCs. LDCs from asthmatic mice with anti-CD1d treatment had a markedly decreased influence on Th2 cell responses in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, anti-CD1d treatment reduced the abundance and activation of lung iNKT cells in asthmatic mice. Moreover, in asthmatic iNKT cell-deficient Jα18-/- mice, anti-CD1d treatment did not influence Th2 cell responses and immunogenic maturation of LDCs. Meanwhile, the quantity of CD40L+ iNKT cells in asthmatic mice was significant decreased by anti-CD1d treatment. Finally, the inhibition of anti-CD1d treatment on LDC immunogenic maturation and Th2 cell responses in asthmatic mice was reversed by anti-CD40 treatment. Our data suggest that anti-CD1d treatment can suppress Th2 cell responses through inhibiting immunogenic maturation of LDCs dependent on lung iNKT cells, which couldbe partially related to the downregulation of CD40L expression on lung iNKT cells in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Lin
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoshu Zuo
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Haiyang Ni
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Jieying Zhong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Liying Zhan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Parmacy, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Xuhong Ding
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hongying Yu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Hanxiang Nie
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, China.
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12
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Chancellor A, Alan Simmons R, Khanolkar RC, Nosi V, Beshirova A, Berloffa G, Colombo R, Karuppiah V, Pentier JM, Tubb V, Ghadbane H, Suckling RJ, Page K, Crean RM, Vacchini A, De Gregorio C, Schaefer V, Constantin D, Gligoris T, Lloyd A, Hock M, Srikannathasan V, Robinson RA, Besra GS, van der Kamp MW, Mori L, Calogero R, Cole DK, De Libero G, Lepore M. Promiscuous recognition of MR1 drives self-reactive mucosal-associated invariant T cell responses. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20221939. [PMID: 37382893 PMCID: PMC10309188 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20221939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells use canonical semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCR) to recognize microbial riboflavin precursors displayed by the antigen-presenting molecule MR1. The extent of MAIT TCR crossreactivity toward physiological, microbially unrelated antigens remains underexplored. We describe MAIT TCRs endowed with MR1-dependent reactivity to tumor and healthy cells in the absence of microbial metabolites. MAIT cells bearing TCRs crossreactive toward self are rare but commonly found within healthy donors and display T-helper-like functions in vitro. Experiments with MR1-tetramers loaded with distinct ligands revealed significant crossreactivity among MAIT TCRs both ex vivo and upon in vitro expansion. A canonical MAIT TCR was selected on the basis of extremely promiscuous MR1 recognition. Structural and molecular dynamic analyses associated promiscuity to unique TCRβ-chain features that were enriched within self-reactive MAIT cells of healthy individuals. Thus, self-reactive recognition of MR1 represents a functionally relevant indication of MAIT TCR crossreactivity, suggesting a potentially broader role of MAIT cells in immune homeostasis and diseases, beyond microbial immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Chancellor
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Vladimir Nosi
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Aisha Beshirova
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Giuliano Berloffa
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rodrigo Colombo
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rory M. Crean
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Doctoral Training Centre in Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Alessandro Vacchini
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corinne De Gregorio
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Verena Schaefer
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Constantin
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- School of Biosciences, Institute of Microbiology and Infection, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | | | - Lucia Mori
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaele Calogero
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Gennaro De Libero
- Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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13
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Heffernan DS, Chung CS, Ayala A. SPLENIC INVARIANT NATURAL KILLER T CELLS PLAY A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE RESPONSE TO POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS. Shock 2023; 60:443-449. [PMID: 37493576 PMCID: PMC10529630 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Sepsis is marked by a dysregulated immune response to an infection. Invariant natural killer T cells ( i NKT cells) are a pluripotent lymphocyte subpopulation capable of affecting and coordinating the immune response to sepsis. The spleen is an important site of immune interactions in response to an infection. Splenic i NKT cells have emerged as important potential frontline mediators of chronic immune response. There are few data addressing the role splenic of i NKT cells in response to intra-abdominal polymicrobial sepsis. Methods: The cecal ligation and puncture model was used to create intra-abdominal sepsis in 8- to 12-week-old wild-type, i NKT -/- , or programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1) -/- mice. Twenty-four hours later, spleens were harvested. Flow cytometry was used for phenotyping using monoclonal antibodies. Cell sort was used to isolate i NKT cells. A macrophage cell line was used to assess i NKT cell-phagocyte interactions. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for cytokine analysis. Results: Splenic i NKT-cell populations rapidly declined following induction of sepsis. Within i NKT-cell -/- mice, a distinct baseline hyperinflammatory environment was noted. Within wild type, sepsis induced an increase in splenic IL-6 and IL-10, whereas in i NKT -/- mice, there was no change in elevated IL-6 levels and a noted decrease in IL-10 expression. Further, following sepsis, PD-1 expression was increased upon spleen i NKT cells. With respect to PD-1 ligands upon phagocytes, PD-1 ligand expression was unaffected, whereas PD-L2 expression was significantly affected by the presence of PD-1. Conclusions: Invariant natural killer T cells play a distinct role in the spleen response to sepsis, an effect mediated by the checkpoint protein PD-1. Given that modulators are available in clinical trials, this offers a potential therapeutic target in the setting of sepsis-induced immune dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daithi S Heffernan
- Division of Surgical Research, Department of Surgery, Lifespan-Rhode Island Hospital/The Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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14
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Look A, Burns D, Tews I, Roghanian A, Mansour S. Towards a better understanding of human iNKT cell subpopulations for improved clinical outcomes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1176724. [PMID: 37153585 PMCID: PMC10154573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1176724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique T lymphocyte population expressing semi-invariant T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognise lipid antigens presented by CD1d. iNKT cells exhibit potent anti-tumour activity through direct killing mechanisms and indirectly through triggering the activation of other anti-tumour immune cells. Because of their ability to induce potent anti-tumour responses, particularly when activated by the strong iNKT agonist αGalCer, they have been the subject of intense research to harness iNKT cell-targeted immunotherapies for cancer treatment. However, despite potent anti-tumour efficacy in pre-clinical models, the translation of iNKT cell immunotherapy into human cancer patients has been less successful. This review provides an overview of iNKT cell biology and why they are of interest within the context of cancer immunology. We focus on the iNKT anti-tumour response, the seminal studies that first reported iNKT cytotoxicity, their anti-tumour mechanisms, and the various described subsets within the iNKT cell repertoire. Finally, we discuss several barriers to the successful utilisation of iNKT cells in human cancer immunotherapy, what is required for a better understanding of human iNKT cells, and the future perspectives facilitating their exploitation for improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Look
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Burns
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Tews
- Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Roghanian
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, School of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Salah Mansour
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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15
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Varghese B, Lynch L, Vriend LE, Draganov D, Clark JM, Kissick HT, Varghese S, Sanda MG, Dranoff G, Arredouani MS, Balk SP, Exley MA. Invariant NKT cell-augmented GM-CSF-secreting tumor vaccine is effective in advanced prostate cancer model. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2022; 71:2943-2955. [PMID: 35523889 PMCID: PMC10992623 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) express a semi-invariant T cell receptor that recognizes certain glycolipids (including α-galactosylceramide, αGC) bound to CD1d, and can induce potent antitumor responses. Here, we assessed whether αGC could enhance the efficacy of a GM-CSF-producing tumor cell vaccine in the transgenic SV40 T antigen-driven TRAMP prostate cancer model. In healthy mice, we initially found that optimal T cell responses were obtained with αGC-pulsed TRAMP-C2 cells secreting GM-CSF and milk fat globule epidermal growth factor protein-8 (MFG-E8) with an RGD to RGE mutation (GM-CSF/RGE TRAMP-C2), combined with systemic low dose IL-12. In a therapeutic model, transgenic TRAMP mice were then castrated at ~ 20 weeks, followed by treatment with the combination vaccine. Untreated mice succumbed to tumor by ~ 40 weeks, but survival was markedly prolonged by vaccine treatment, with most mice surviving past 80 weeks. Prostates in the treated mice were heavily infiltrated with T cells and iNKT cells, which both secreted IFNγ in response to tumor cells. The vaccine was not effective if the αGC, IL-12, or GM-CSF secretion was eliminated. Finally, immunized mice were fully resistant to challenge with TRAMP-C2 cells. Together these findings support further development of therapeutic vaccines that exploit iNKT cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu Varghese
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Sana Biotechnology Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lydia Lynch
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., NRB 6, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lianne E Vriend
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Dobrin Draganov
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Sanofi Inc., San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Justice M Clark
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sharlin Varghese
- Medical Center School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Martin G Sanda
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Glenn Dranoff
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Novartis Biomedical Institutes of Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M Simo Arredouani
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Intellia Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Steven P Balk
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Mark A Exley
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis St., NRB 6, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Imvax Inc., Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- MiNK Therapeutics Inc., New York, NY, USA.
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16
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Recent Advances in Cancer Vaccines: Challenges, Achievements, and Futuristic Prospects. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10122011. [PMID: 36560420 PMCID: PMC9788126 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a chronic disease, and it can be lethal due to limited therapeutic options. The conventional treatment options for cancer have numerous challenges, such as a low blood circulation time as well as poor solubility of anticancer drugs. Therapeutic cancer vaccines emerged to try to improve anticancer drugs' efficiency and to deliver them to the target site. Cancer vaccines are considered a viable therapeutic technique for most solid tumors. Vaccines boost antitumor immunity by delivering tumor antigens, nucleic acids, entire cells, and peptides. Cancer vaccines are designed to induce long-term antitumor memory, causing tumor regression, eradicate minimal residual illness, and prevent non-specific or unpleasant effects. These vaccines can assist in the elimination of cancer cells from various organs or organ systems in the body, with minimal risk of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Vaccines and antigens for anticancer therapy are discussed in this review, including current vaccine adjuvants and mechanisms of action for various types of vaccines, such as DNA- or mRNA-based cancer vaccines. Potential applications of these vaccines focusing on their clinical use for better therapeutic efficacy are also discussed along with the latest research available in this field.
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17
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Romanò C, Clausen MH. Chemical Biology of αGalCer: a Chemist’s Toolbox for the Stimulation of Invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) Cells. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Romanò
- Technical University of Denmark: Danmarks Tekniske Universitet Department of Chemisty Kemitorvet 207 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
| | - Mads Hartvig Clausen
- Technical University of Denmark Department of Chemistry Kemitorvet, Building 201 2800 Kgs. Lyngby DENMARK
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18
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Wang J, Wen Y, Zhou SH, Zhang HW, Peng XQ, Zhang RY, Yin XG, Qiu H, Gong R, Yang GF, Guo J. Self-Adjuvanting Lipoprotein Conjugate αGalCer-RBD Induces Potent Immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and its Variants of Concern. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2558-2570. [PMID: 35073081 PMCID: PMC8806000 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Safe and effective vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants are the best approach to successfully combat the COVID-19 pandemic. The receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the viral spike protein is a major target to develop candidate vaccines. α-Galactosylceramide (αGalCer), a potent invariant natural killer T cell (iNKT) agonist, was site-specifically conjugated to the N-terminus of the RBD to form an adjuvant-protein conjugate, which was anchored on the liposome surface. This is the first time that an iNKT cell agonist was conjugated to the protein antigen. Compared to the unconjugated RBD/αGalCer mixture, the αGalCer-RBD conjugate induced significantly stronger humoral and cellular responses. The conjugate vaccine also showed effective cross-neutralization to all variants of concern (B.1.1.7/alpha, B.1.351/beta, P.1/gamma, B.1.617.2/delta, and B.1.1.529/omicron). These results suggest that the self-adjuvanting αGalCer-RBD has great potential to be an effective COVID-19 vaccine candidate, and this strategy might be useful for designing various subunit vaccines.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/chemistry
- Adjuvants, Immunologic/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- COVID-19/therapy
- COVID-19 Vaccines/chemistry
- COVID-19 Vaccines/immunology
- COVID-19 Vaccines/therapeutic use
- Female
- Galactosylceramides/chemistry
- Galactosylceramides/immunology
- Galactosylceramides/therapeutic use
- Immunity, Humoral/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Liposomes/chemistry
- Liposomes/immunology
- Liposomes/therapeutic use
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/immunology
- Peptide Fragments/therapeutic use
- Protein Domains
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/chemistry
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/therapeutic use
- Vaccines, Conjugate/chemistry
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/therapeutic use
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Yu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Shi-Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hai-Wei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ru-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Xu-Guang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai
Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Rui Gong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety,
Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of
Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing
Technology and Health, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base
of Pesticide and Green Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal
University, Wuhan 430079, China
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19
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Gela A, Murphy M, Rodo M, Hadley K, Hanekom WA, Boom W, Johnson JL, Hoft DF, Joosten SA, Ottenhoff TH, Suliman S, Moody D, Lewinsohn DM, Hatherill M, Seshadri C, Nemes E, Scriba TJ, Briel L, Veldtsman H, Khomba N, Pienaar B, Africa H, Steyn M. Effects of BCG vaccination on donor unrestricted T cells in two prospective cohort studies. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103839. [PMID: 35149285 PMCID: PMC8842032 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-protein antigen classes can be presented to T cells by near-monomorphic antigen-presenting molecules such as CD1, MR1, and butyrophilin 3A1. Such T cells, referred to as donor unrestricted T (DURT) cells, typically express stereotypic T cell receptors. The near-unrestricted nature of DURT cell antigen recognition is of particular interest for vaccine development, and we sought to define the roles of DURT cells, including MR1-restricted MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted glucose monomycolate (GMM)-specific T cells, CD1d-restricted NKT cells, and γδ T cells, in vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS We compared and characterized DURT cells following primary bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated infants, as well as before and after BCG-revaccination in adults. FINDINGS BCG (re)vaccination did not modulate peripheral blood frequencies, T cell activation or memory profiles of MAIT cells, CD1b-restricted GMM-specific and germline-encoded mycolyl-reactive (GEM) cells or CD1d-restricted NKT cells. By contrast, primary BCG vaccination was associated with increased frequencies of γδ T cells as well as a novel subset of CD26+CD161+TRAV1-2- IFN-γ-expressing CD4+ T cells in infants. INTERPRETATION Our findings, that most DURT cell populations were not modulated by BCG, do not preclude a role of BCG in modulating other qualitative aspects of DURT cells. More studies are required to understand the full potential of DURT cells in new TB vaccine strategies. FUNDING Aeras, the National Institutes of Health, and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melissa Murphy
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Miguel Rodo
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kate Hadley
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - W.Henry Boom
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John L. Johnson
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Daniel F. Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Simone A. Joosten
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Tom H.M. Ottenhoff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sara Suliman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D.Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Chetan Seshadri
- Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author.
| | - Libby Briel
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hellen Veldtsman
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nondumiso Khomba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Bernadette Pienaar
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hadn Africa
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marcia Steyn
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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20
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iNKT cell agonists as vaccine adjuvants to combat infectious diseases. Carbohydr Res 2022; 513:108527. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2022.108527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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21
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Artiaga BL, Morozov I, Ransburgh R, Kwon T, Balaraman V, Indran SV, De Carvalho Madrid DM, Gu W, Henningson J, Ma W, Richt JA, Driver JP. Evaluating α-galactosylceramide as an adjuvant for live attenuated influenza vaccines in pigs. ANIMAL DISEASES 2022; 2:19. [PMID: 35936354 PMCID: PMC9339466 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-022-00051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells activated with the glycolipid ligand α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) stimulate a wide variety of immune cells that enhance vaccine-mediated immune responses. Several studies have used this approach to adjuvant inactivated and subunit influenza A virus (IAV) vaccines, including to enhance cross-protective influenza immunity. However, less is known about whether α-GalCer can enhance live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) vaccines, which usually induce superior heterologous and heterosubtypic immunity compared to non-replicating influenza vaccines. The current study used the swine influenza challenge model to assess whether α-GalCer can enhance cross-protective immune responses elicited by a recombinant H3N2 LAIV vaccine (TX98ΔNS1) encoding a truncated NS1 protein. In one study, weaning pigs were administered the H3N2 TX98ΔNS1 LAIV vaccine with 0, 10, 50, and 100 μg/kg doses of α-GalCer, and subsequently challenged with a heterologous H3N2 virus. All treatment groups were protected from infection. However, the addition of α-GalCer appeared to suppress nasal shedding of the LAIV vaccine. In another experiment, pigs vaccinated with the H3N2 LAIV, with or without 50 μg/kg of α-GalCer, were challenged with the heterosubtypic pandemic H1N1 virus. Pigs vaccinated with the LAIV alone generated cross-reactive humoral and cellular responses which blocked virus replication in the airways, and significantly decreased virus shedding. On the other hand, combining the vaccine with α-GalCer reduced cross-protective cellular and antibody responses, and resulted in higher virus titers in respiratory tissues. These findings suggest that: (i) high doses of α-GalCer impair the replication and nasal shedding of the LAIV vaccine; and (ii) α-GalCer might interfere with heterosubtypic cross-protective immune responses. This research raise concerns that should be considered before trying to use NKT cell agonists as a possible adjuvant approach for LAIV vaccines. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s44149-022-00051-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L. Artiaga
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Igor Morozov
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Russell Ransburgh
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Taeyong Kwon
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Velmurugan Balaraman
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Sabarish V. Indran
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | | | - Weihong Gu
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Jamie Henningson
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Wenjun Ma
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - Jürgen A. Richt
- grid.36567.310000 0001 0737 1259Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA
| | - John P. Driver
- grid.134936.a0000 0001 2162 3504Division of Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
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22
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Duni A, Markopoulos GS, Mallioras I, Pappas H, Pappas E, Koutlas V, Tzalavra E, Baxevanos G, Priska S, Gartzonika K, Mitsis M, Dounousi E. The Humoral Immune Response to BNT162b2 Vaccine Is Associated With Circulating CD19+ B Lymphocytes and the Naïve CD45RA to Memory CD45RO CD4+ T Helper Cells Ratio in Hemodialysis Patients and Kidney Transplant Recipients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760249. [PMID: 34925330 PMCID: PMC8678464 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-COV-2 vaccination remain to be elucidated in hemodialysis (HD) patients and kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), considering their baseline immunosuppressed status. The aim of our study was to assess the associations of vaccine-induced antibody responses with circulating lymphocytes sub-populations and their respective patterns of alterations in maintenance HD patients and KTRs. Materials and Methods We included 34 HD patients and 54 KTRs who received two doses of the mRNA-vaccine BNT162b2. Lymphocyte subpopulations were analyzed by flow cytometry before vaccination (T0), before the second vaccine dose (T1) and 2 weeks after the second dose (T2). The anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody response was assessed at T1 and at T2. Results 31 HD patients (91.8%) and 16 KTRs (29.6%) became seropositive at T2. HD patients who became seropositive following the first dose displayed higher CD19+ B lymphocytes compared to their seronegative HD counterparts. A positive correlation was established between CD19+ B cells counts and antibody titers at all time-points in both groups (p < 0.001). KTRs showed higher naïve CD4+CD45RA+ T helper cells compared to HD patients at baseline and T2 whereas HD patients displayed higher memory CD45RO+ T cells compared to KTRs at T2. The naïve CD4+CD45RA to memory CD4+CD45RO+ T helper cells fraction was negatively associated with antibody production in both groups. Conclusions Our study provides a potential conceptual framework for monitoring vaccination efficacy in HD patients and KTRs considering the correlation established between CD19+ B cells, generation of memory CD4+ T helper cells and anti SARS-CoV2 antibody response to vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anila Duni
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgios S Markopoulos
- Laboratory of Hematology - Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Mallioras
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Haralampos Pappas
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasileios Koutlas
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Eirini Tzalavra
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Baxevanos
- Laboratory of Hematology - Unit of Molecular Biology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Internal Medicine Department, Hatzikosta General Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Silvia Priska
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantina Gartzonika
- Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Mitsis
- Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Evangelia Dounousi
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Surgery and Kidney Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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23
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Creemers JHA, Pawlitzky I, Grosios K, Gileadi U, Middleton MR, Gerritsen WR, Mehra N, Rivoltini L, Walters I, Figdor CG, Ottevanger PB, de Vries IJM. Assessing the safety, tolerability and efficacy of PLGA-based immunomodulatory nanoparticles in patients with advanced NY-ESO-1-positive cancers: a first-in-human phase I open-label dose-escalation study protocol. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e050725. [PMID: 34848513 PMCID: PMC8634237 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The undiminished need for more effective cancer treatments stimulates the development of novel cancer immunotherapy candidates. The archetypical cancer immunotherapy would induce robust, targeted and long-lasting immune responses while simultaneously circumventing immunosuppression in the tumour microenvironment. For this purpose, we developed a novel immunomodulatory nanomedicine: PRECIOUS-01. As a PLGA-based nanocarrier, PRECIOUS-01 encapsulates a tumour antigen (NY-ESO-1) and an invariant natural killer T cell activator to target and augment specific antitumour immune responses in patients with NY-ESO-1-expressing advanced cancers. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This open-label, first-in-human, phase I dose-escalation trial investigates the safety, tolerability and immune-modulatory activity of increasing doses of PRECIOUS-01 administered intravenously in subjects with advanced NY-ESO-1-expressing solid tumours. A total of 15 subjects will receive three intravenous infusions of PRECIOUS-01 at a 3-weekly interval in three dose-finding cohorts. The trial follows a 3+3 design for the dose-escalation steps to establish a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase II dose (RP2D). Depending on the toxicity, the two highest dosing cohorts will be extended to delineate the immune-related parameters as a readout for pharmacodynamics. Subjects will be monitored for safety and the occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities. If the MTD is not reached in the planned dose-escalation cohorts, the RP2D will be based on the observed safety and immune-modulatory activity as a pharmacodynamic parameter supporting the RP2D. The preliminary efficacy will be evaluated as an exploratory endpoint using the best overall response rate, according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors V.1.1. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The Dutch competent authority (CCMO) reviewed the trial application and the medical research ethics committee (CMO Arnhem-Nijmegen) approved the trial under registration number NL72876.000.20. The results will be disseminated via (inter)national conferences and submitted for publication to a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04751786.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Mark R Middleton
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | | | - Niven Mehra
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Lombardia, Italy
| | | | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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24
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Seeberger PH. Discovery of Semi- and Fully-Synthetic Carbohydrate Vaccines Against Bacterial Infections Using a Medicinal Chemistry Approach. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3598-3626. [PMID: 33794090 PMCID: PMC8154330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The glycocalyx, a thick layer of carbohydrates, surrounds the cell wall of most bacterial and parasitic pathogens. Recognition of these unique glycans by the human immune system results in destruction of the invaders. To elicit a protective immune response, polysaccharides either isolated from the bacterial cell surface or conjugated with a carrier protein, for T-cell help, are administered. Conjugate vaccines based on isolated carbohydrates currently protect millions of people against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Neisseria meningitides infections. Active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are increasingly discovered by medicinal chemistry and synthetic in origin, rather than isolated from natural sources. Converting vaccines from biologicals to pharmaceuticals requires a fundamental understanding of how the human immune system recognizes carbohydrates and could now be realized. To illustrate the chemistry-based approach to vaccine discovery, I summarize efforts focusing on synthetic glycan-based medicinal chemistry to understand the mammalian antiglycan immune response and define glycan epitopes for novel synthetic glycoconjugate vaccines against Streptococcus pneumoniae, Clostridium difficile, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and other bacteria. The chemical tools described here help us gain fundamental insights into how the human system recognizes carbohydrates and drive the discovery of carbohydrate vaccines.
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25
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Dölen Y, Gileadi U, Chen JL, Valente M, Creemers JHA, Van Dinther EAW, van Riessen NK, Jäger E, Hruby M, Cerundolo V, Diken M, Figdor CG, de Vries IJM. PLGA Nanoparticles Co-encapsulating NY-ESO-1 Peptides and IMM60 Induce Robust CD8 and CD4 T Cell and B Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641703. [PMID: 33717196 PMCID: PMC7947615 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific neoantigens can be highly immunogenic, but their identification for each patient and the production of personalized cancer vaccines can be time-consuming and prohibitively expensive. In contrast, tumor-associated antigens are widely expressed and suitable as an off the shelf immunotherapy. Here, we developed a PLGA-based nanoparticle vaccine that contains both the immunogenic cancer germline antigen NY-ESO-1 and an α-GalCer analog IMM60, as a novel iNKT cell agonist and dendritic cell transactivator. Three peptide sequences (85-111, 117-143, and 157-165) derived from immunodominant regions of NY-ESO-1 were selected. These peptides have a wide HLA coverage and were efficiently processed and presented by dendritic cells via various HLA subtypes. Co-delivery of IMM60 enhanced CD4 and CD8 T cell responses and antibody levels against NY-ESO-1 in vivo. Moreover, the nanoparticles have negligible systemic toxicity in high doses, and they could be produced according to GMP guidelines. Together, we demonstrated the feasibility of producing a PLGA-based nanovaccine containing immunogenic peptides and an iNKT cell agonist, that is activating DCs to induce antigen-specific T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Dölen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ji-Li Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Valente
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jeroen H A Creemers
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eric A W Van Dinther
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - N Koen van Riessen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Eliezer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry v. v. i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czechia
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mustafa Diken
- TRON - Translational Oncology at the University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz gGmbH, Mainz, Germany
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - I Jolanda M de Vries
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Sato Y, Nakamura T, Yamada Y, Harashima H. The nanomedicine rush: New strategies for unmet medical needs based on innovative nano DDS. J Control Release 2021; 330:305-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Leadbetter EA, Karlsson MCI. Invariant natural killer T cells balance B cell immunity. Immunol Rev 2021; 299:93-107. [PMID: 33438287 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells mediate rapid immune responses which bridge the gap between innate and adaptive responses to pathogens while also providing key regulation to maintain immune homeostasis. Both types of important iNKT immune responses are mediated through interactions with innate and adaptive B cells. As such, iNKT cells sit at the decision-making fulcrum between regulating inflammatory or autoreactive B cells and supporting protective or regulatory B cell populations. iNKT cells interpret the signals in their environment to set the tone for subsequent adaptive responses, with outcomes ranging from getting licensed to maintain homeostasis as an iNKT regulatory cell (iNKTreg ) or being activated to become an iNKT follicular helper (iNKTFH ) cell supporting pathogen-specific effector B cells. Here we review iNKT and B cell cooperation across the spectrum of immune outcomes, including during allergy and autoimmune disease, tumor surveillance and immunotherapy, or pathogen defense and vaccine responses. Because of their key role as influencers, iNKT cells provide a valuable target for therapeutic interventions. Understanding the nature of the interactions between iNKT and B cells will enable the development of clinical interventions to strategically target regulatory iNKT and B cell populations or inflammatory ones, depending on the circumstance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Leadbetter
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Mikael C I Karlsson
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Yong T, Li X, Wei Z, Gan L, Yang X. Extracellular vesicles-based drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2020; 328:562-574. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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29
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Driver JP, de Carvalho Madrid DM, Gu W, Artiaga BL, Richt JA. Modulation of Immune Responses to Influenza A Virus Vaccines by Natural Killer T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2172. [PMID: 33193296 PMCID: PMC7606973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) circulate widely among different mammalian and avian hosts and sometimes give rise to zoonotic infections. Vaccination is a mainstay of IAV prevention and control. However, the efficacy of IAV vaccines is often suboptimal because of insufficient cross-protection among different IAV genotypes and subtypes as well as the inability to keep up with the rapid molecular evolution of IAV strains. Much attention is focused on improving IAV vaccine efficiency using adjuvants, which are substances that can modulate and enhance immune responses to co-administered antigens. The current review is focused on a non-traditional approach of adjuvanting IAV vaccines by therapeutically targeting the immunomodulatory functions of a rare population of innate-like T lymphocytes called invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. These cells bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and are capable of stimulating a wide array of immune cells that enhance vaccine-mediated immune responses. Here we discuss the factors that influence the adjuvant effects of iNKT cells for influenza vaccines as well as the obstacles that must be overcome before this novel adjuvant approach can be considered for human or veterinary use.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Driver
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Weihong Gu
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Bianca L Artiaga
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jürgen A Richt
- Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
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30
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Yamada Y, Sato Y, Nakamura T, Harashima H. Evolution of drug delivery system from viewpoint of controlled intracellular trafficking and selective tissue targeting toward future nanomedicine. J Control Release 2020; 327:533-545. [PMID: 32916227 PMCID: PMC7477636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid changes that have occurred in the field of drug discovery and the recent developments in the early 21st century, the role of drug delivery systems (DDS) has become increasingly more important. For the past 20 years, our laboratory has been developing gene delivery systems based on lipid-based delivery systems. One of our efforts has been directed toward developing a multifunctional envelope-type nano device (MEND) by modifying the particle surface with octaarginine, which resulted in a remarkably enhanced cellular uptake and improved intracellular trafficking of plasmid DNA (pDNA). When we moved to in vivo applications, however, we were faced with the PEG-dilemma and we shifted our strategy to the incorporation of ionizable cationic lipids into our system. This resulted in some dramatic improvements over our original design and this can be attributed to the development of a new lipid library. We have also developed a mitochondrial targeting system based on a membrane fusion mechanism using a MITO-Porter, which can deliver nucleic acids/pDNA into the matrix of mitochondria. After the appearance of antibody medicines, Opdivo, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, has established cancer immunology as the 4th strategy in cancer therapy. Our DDS technologies can also be applied to this new field of cancer therapy to cure cancer by controlling our immune mechanisms. The latest studies are summarized in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Yamada
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sato
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Hideyoshi Harashima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan.
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31
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Ioannidis M, Cerundolo V, Salio M. The Immune Modulating Properties of Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1556. [PMID: 32903532 PMCID: PMC7438542 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are unconventional T lymphocytes that express a semi-invariant T cell receptor (TCR) recognizing microbial vitamin B metabolites presented by the highly conserved major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I like molecule, MR1. The vitamin B metabolites are produced by several commensal and pathogenic bacteria and yeast, but not viruses. Nevertheless, viral infections can trigger MAIT cell activation in a TCR-independent manner, through the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). MAIT cells belong to the innate like T family of cells with a memory phenotype, which allows them to rapidly release Interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and in some circumstances Interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-10, exerting an immunomodulatory role on the ensuing immune response, akin to iNKT cells and γδ T cells. Recent studies implicate MAIT cells in a variety of inflammatory, autoimmune diseases, and in cancer. In addition, through the analysis of the transcriptome of MAIT cells activated in different experimental conditions, an important function in tissue repair and control of immune homeostasis has emerged, shared with other innate-like T cells. In this review, we discuss these recent findings, focussing on the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning MAIT cell activation and effector function in health and disease, which ultimately will aid in clinically harnessing this unique, not donor-restricted cell subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Ioannidis
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mariolina Salio
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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32
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Kumar A, Suryadevara NC, Wolf KJ, Wilson JT, Di Paolo RJ, Brien JD, Joyce S. Heterotypic immunity against vaccinia virus in an HLA-B*07:02 transgenic mousepox infection model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13167. [PMID: 32759969 PMCID: PMC7406653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69897-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination with vaccinia virus (VACV) elicits heterotypic immunity to smallpox, monkeypox, and mousepox, the mechanistic basis for which is poorly understood. It is generally assumed that heterotypic immunity arises from the presentation of a wide array of VACV-derived, CD8+ T cell epitopes that share homology with other poxviruses. Herein this assumption was tested using a large panel of VACV-derived peptides presented by HLA-B*07:02 (B7.2) molecules in a mousepox/ectromelia virus (ECTV)-infection, B7.2 transgenic mouse model. Most dominant epitopes recognized by ECTV- and VACV-reactive CD8+ T cells overlapped significantly without altering immunodominance hierarchy. Further, several epitopes recognized by ECTV-reactive CD8+ T cells were not recognized by VACV-reactive CD8+ T cells, and vice versa. In one instance, the lack of recognition owed to a N72K variation in the ECTV C4R70–78 variant of the dominant VACV B8R70–78 epitope. C4R70–78 does not bind to B7.2 and, hence, it was neither immunogenic nor antigenic. These findings provide a mechanistic basis for VACV vaccination-induced heterotypic immunity which can protect against Variola and Monkeypox disease. The understanding of how cross-reactive responses develop is essential for the rational design of a subunit-based vaccine that would be safe, and effectively protect against heterologous infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrendra Kumar
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Naveen Chandra Suryadevara
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle J Wolf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard J Di Paolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, TN, USA.
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33
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Antileishmanial Effects of Synthetic EhPIb Analogs Derived from the Entamoeba histolytica Lipopeptidephosphoglycan. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.00161-20. [PMID: 32393489 PMCID: PMC7318009 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00161-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
With an estimated number of new cases annually of approximately 1.4 million, leishmaniasis belongs to the most important parasitic diseases in the world. Nevertheless, existing drugs against leishmaniasis in general have several drawbacks that urgently necessitate new drug development. A glycolipid molecule of the intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and its synthetic analogs previously showed considerable immunotherapeutic effects against Leishmania major infection. With an estimated number of new cases annually of approximately 1.4 million, leishmaniasis belongs to the most important parasitic diseases in the world. Nevertheless, existing drugs against leishmaniasis in general have several drawbacks that urgently necessitate new drug development. A glycolipid molecule of the intestinal protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica and its synthetic analogs previously showed considerable immunotherapeutic effects against Leishmania major infection. Here, we designed and synthesized a series of new immunostimulatory compounds derived from the phosphatidylinositol b anchor of Entamoeba histolytica (EhPIb) subunit of the native compound and investigated their antileishmanial activity in vitro and in vivo in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. The new synthetic EhPIb analogs showed almost no toxicity in vitro. Treatment with the analogs significantly decreased the parasite load in murine and human macrophages in vitro. In addition, topical application of the EhPIb analog Eh-1 significantly reduced cutaneous lesions in the murine model, correlating with an increase in the production of selected Th1 cytokines. In addition, we could show in in vitro experiments that treatment with Eh-1 led to a decrease in mRNA expression of arginase-1 (Arg1) and interleukin 4 (IL-4), which are required by the parasites to circumvent their elimination by the immune response. The use of the host-targeting synthetic EhPIb compounds, either alone or in combination therapy with antiparasitic drugs, shows promise for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis and therefore might improve the current unsatisfactory status of chemotherapy against this infectious disease.
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34
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Grasso C, Field CS, Tang CW, Ferguson PM, J Compton B, Anderson RJ, Painter GF, Weinkove R, F Hermans I, Berridge MV. Vaccines adjuvanted with an NKT cell agonist induce effective T-cell responses in models of CNS lymphoma. Immunotherapy 2020; 12:395-406. [PMID: 32316797 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2019-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The efficacy of anti-lymphoma vaccines that exploit the cellular adjuvant properties of activated natural killer T (NKT) cells were examined in mouse models of CNS lymphoma. Materials & methods: Vaccines were prepared by either loading the NKT cell agonist, α-galactosylceramide onto irradiated and heat-shocked B- and T-lymphoma cells, or chemically conjugating α-galactosylceramide to MHC-binding peptides from a lymphoma-associated antigen. Vaccine efficacy was analyzed in mice bearing intracranial tumors. Results: Both forms of vaccine proved to be effective in preventing lymphoma engraftment through activity of T cells that accessed the CNS. Established lymphoma was harder to treat with responses constrained by Tregs, but this could be overcome by depleting Tregs prior to vaccination. Conclusion: Simply designed NKT cell-activating vaccines enhance T-cell responses and have the potential to protect against CNS lymphoma development or prevent CNS relapse. To be effective against established CNS lymphoma, vaccines need to be combined with Treg suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Grasso
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Cameron S Field
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Ching-Wen Tang
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Peter M Ferguson
- Melanoma Institute Australia, 40 Rocklands Road, Wollstonecraft, NSW 2065, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Compton
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand
| | - Regan J Anderson
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand
| | - Gavin F Painter
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 33436, Lower Hutt 5046, New Zealand
| | - Robert Weinkove
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,Wellington Blood & Cancer Centre, Capital & Coast District Health Board, P.O. Box 7902, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,Department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine, University of Otago Wellington, P.O. Box 7343, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Ian F Hermans
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand.,Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1042, New Zealand
| | - Michael V Berridge
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box 7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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35
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Expansion and CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation enhance Th2 cytokine secretion of human invariant NKT cells with retained anti-tumor cytotoxicity. Cytotherapy 2020; 22:276-290. [PMID: 32238299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Key obstacles in human iNKT cell translational research and immunotherapy include the lack of robust protocols for dependable expansion of human iNKT cells and the paucity of data on phenotypes in post-expanded cells. METHODS We delineate expansion methods using interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7 and allogeneic feeder cells and anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation by which to dependably augment Th2 polarization and direct cytotoxicity of human peripheral blood CD3+Vα24+Vβ11+ iNKT cells. RESULTS Gene and protein expression profiling demonstrated augmented Th2 cytokine secretion (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) in expanded iNKT cells stimulated with anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 antibodies. Cytotoxic effector molecules including granzyme B were increased in expanded iNKT cells after CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation. Direct cytotoxicity assays using unstimulated expanded iNKT cell effectors revealed α-galactosyl ceramide (α-GalCer)-dependent killing of the T-ALL cell line Jurkat. Moreover, CD2/CD3/CD28 stimulation of expanded iNKT cells augmented their (α-GalCer-independent) killing of Jurkat cells. Co-culture of expanded iNKT cells with stimulated responder cells confirmed contact-dependent inhibition of activated CD4+ and CD8+ responder T cells. DISCUSSION These data establish a robust protocol to expand and novel pathways to enhance Th2 cytokine secretion and direct cytotoxicity in human iNKT cells, findings with direct implications for autoimmunity, vaccine augmentation and anti-infective immunity, cancer immunotherapy and transplantation.
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Dölen Y, Valente M, Tagit O, Jäger E, Van Dinther EAW, van Riessen NK, Hruby M, Gileadi U, Cerundolo V, Figdor CG. Nanovaccine administration route is critical to obtain pertinent iNKt cell help for robust anti-tumor T and B cell responses. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1738813. [PMID: 33457086 PMCID: PMC7790498 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1738813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanovaccines, co-delivering antigen and invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell agonists, proved to be very effective in inducing anti-tumor T cell responses due to their exceptional helper function. However, it is known that iNKT cells are not equally present in all lymphoid organs and nanoparticles do not get evenly distributed to all immune compartments. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the vaccination route on iNKT cell help to T and B cell responses for the first time in an antigen and agonist co-delivery setting. Intravenous administration of PLGA nanoparticles was mainly targeting liver and spleen where iNKT1 cells are abundant and induced the highest serum IFN-y levels, T cell cytotoxicity, and Th-1 type antibody responses. In comparison, after subcutaneous or intranodal injections, nanoparticles mostly drained or remained in regional lymph nodes where iNKT17 cells were abundant. After subcutaneous and intranodal injections, antigen-specific IgG2 c production was hampered and IFN-y production, as well as cytotoxic T cell responses, depended on sporadic systemic drainage. Therapeutic anti-tumor experiments also demonstrated a clear advantage of intravenous injection over intranodal or subcutaneous vaccinations. Moreover, tumor control could be further improved by PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade after intravenous vaccination, but not by intranodal vaccination. Anti PD-1 antibody combination mainly exerts its effect by prolonging the cytotoxicity of T cells. Nanovaccines also demonstrated synergism with anti-4-1BB agonistic antibody treatment in controlling tumor growth. We conclude that nanovaccines containing iNKT cell agonists shall be preferentially administered intravenously, to optimally reach cellular partners for inducing effective anti-tumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Dölen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center & Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Valente
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center & Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Oya Tagit
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center & Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eliezer Jäger
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry V.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric A W Van Dinther
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center & Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - N Koen van Riessen
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center & Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Hruby
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry V.v.i., Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carl G Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center & Oncode Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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37
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Briquez PS, Hauert S, de Titta A, Gray LT, Alpar AT, Swartz MA, Hubbell JA. Engineering Targeting Materials for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:19. [PMID: 32117911 PMCID: PMC7026271 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic cancer vaccines constitute a valuable tool to educate the immune system to fight tumors and prevent cancer relapse. Nevertheless, the number of cancer vaccines in the clinic remains very limited to date, highlighting the need for further technology development. Recently, cancer vaccines have been improved by the use of materials, which can strongly enhance their intrinsic properties and biodistribution profile. Moreover, vaccine efficacy and safety can be substantially modulated through selection of the site at which they are delivered, which fosters the engineering of materials capable of targeting cancer vaccines to specific relevant sites, such as within the tumor or within lymphoid organs, to further optimize their immunotherapeutic effects. In this review, we aim to give the reader an overview of principles and current strategies to engineer therapeutic cancer vaccines, with a particular focus on the use of site-specific targeting materials. We will first recall the goal of therapeutic cancer vaccination and the type of immune responses sought upon vaccination, before detailing key components of cancer vaccines. We will then present how materials can be engineered to enhance the vaccine's pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Finally, we will discuss the rationale for site-specific targeting of cancer vaccines and provide examples of current targeting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla S. Briquez
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sylvie Hauert
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Laura T. Gray
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Aaron T. Alpar
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Melody A. Swartz
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Ben May Department of Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jeffrey A. Hubbell
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Committee on Immunology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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38
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Hassane M, Jouan Y, Creusat F, Soulard D, Boisseau C, Gonzalez L, Patin EC, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Sirard JC, Faveeuw C, Trottein F, Si-Tahar M, Baranek T, Paget C. Interleukin-7 protects against bacterial respiratory infection by promoting IL-17A-producing innate T-cell response. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:128-139. [PMID: 31628425 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a critical cytokine in B- and T-lymphocyte development and maturation. Recent evidence suggests that IL-7 is a preferential homeostatic and survival factor for RORγt+ innate T cells such as natural killer T (NKT) cells, γδT cells, and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in the periphery. Given the important contribution of these populations in antibacterial immunity at barrier sites, we questioned whether IL-7 could be instrumental in boosting the local host immune response against respiratory bacterial infection. By using a cytokine-monoclonal antibody approach, we illustrated a role for topical IL-7 delivery in increasing the pool of RORγt+ IL-17A-producing innate T cells. Prophylactic IL-7 treatment prior to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection led to better bacterial containment, a process associated with increased neutrophilia and that depended on γδT cells and IL-17A. Last, combined delivery of IL-7 and α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), a potent agonist for invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, conferred an almost total protection in terms of survival, an effect associated with enhanced IL-17 production by innate T cells and neutrophilia. Collectively, we provide a proof of concept that IL-7 enables fine-tuning of innate T- cell functions. This might pave the way for considering IL-7 as an innovative biotherapeutic against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Hassane
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Youenn Jouan
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.,Service de Médecine Intensive et Réanimation, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Tours, France
| | - Florent Creusat
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Daphnée Soulard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Chloé Boisseau
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Loïc Gonzalez
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Emmanuel C Patin
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christelle Faveeuw
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - François Trottein
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mustapha Si-Tahar
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thomas Baranek
- INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France.,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Paget
- Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Inserm U1019, CNRS UMR 8204, University of Lille, CHU Lille- Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000, Lille, France. .,INSERM, Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR, 1100, Tours, France. .,Université de Tours, Faculté de Médecine de Tours, Tours, France.
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Corgnac S, Botelho NK, Donda A, Romero P. Recombinant fusion proteins for targeting dendritic cell subsets in therapeutic cancer vaccine. Methods Enzymol 2020; 632:521-543. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Chen PG, Hu HG, Sun ZY, Li QQ, Zhang BD, Wu JJ, Li WH, Zhao YF, Chen YX, Li YM. Fully Synthetic Invariant NKT Cell-Dependent Self-Adjuvanting Antitumor Vaccines Eliciting Potent Immune Response in Mice. Mol Pharm 2019; 17:417-425. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu-Guang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Guo Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Zhan-Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Qian-Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Dou Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Fen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Mei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (the Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, 100069 Beijing, China
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Longet S, Abautret-Daly A, Davitt CJH, McEntee CP, Aversa V, Rosa M, Coulter IS, Holmgren J, Raghavan S, Lavelle EC. An oral alpha-galactosylceramide adjuvanted Helicobacter pylori vaccine induces protective IL-1R- and IL-17R-dependent Th1 responses. NPJ Vaccines 2019; 4:45. [PMID: 31666991 PMCID: PMC6814776 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-019-0139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes chronic gastric infection that can lead to peptic ulcers and is an identified risk factor for gastric cancer development. Although much effort has been put into the development of a Helicobacter pylori vaccine over the last three decades, none has yet reached clinical application. Specific challenges pertaining to effective H. pylori vaccine development include the lack of proven vaccine-effective antigens and safe mucosal adjuvants to enhance local immune responses as well as the lack of accepted correlates of protection. Herein, we demonstrate that prophylactic intragastric immunisation with a whole-cell killed H. pylori antigen administered together with the non-toxic oral adjuvant α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) induced effective immune protection against H. pylori infection in mice, which was of similar magnitude as when using the “gold standard” cholera toxin as adjuvant. We further describe that this α-GalCer-adjuvanted vaccine formulation elicited strong intestinal and systemic Th1 responses as well as significant antigen-specific mucosal and systemic antibody responses. Finally, we report that the protective intestinal Th1 responses induced by α-GalCer are dependent on CD1d, IL-1R as well as IL-17R signalling. In summary, our results show that α-GalCer is a promising adjuvant for inclusion in an oral vaccine against H. pylori infection. Infection by Helicobacter pylori is highly prevalent in humans and can lead to chronic inflammation and gastric cancer, but to date no effective vaccine has been approved for clinical use owing to the lack of appropriate antigens and of safe mucosal adjuvants that can produce protective and durable immunity to the bacterium. Sukanya Raghavan, Ed Lavelle and colleagues now show that prophylactic intragastric administration of an inactivated whole-cell H. pylori preparation, together with the oral adjuvant α-galactosylceramide, reduced H. pylori infection in mice by eliciting a protective mucosal and systemic TH1 response. The immunisation triggered antigen-specific antibodies and interferon-γ that prevented effective colonisation of H. pylori after challenge in a process dependent on the CD1d, IL-1 receptor and IL-17 receptor pathways. The reported enhanced immune response to this orally adjuvanted vaccine formulation paves the way for further studies of its safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Longet
- 1Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland
| | - Aine Abautret-Daly
- 1Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland
| | - Christopher J H Davitt
- 1Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland
| | - Craig P McEntee
- 1Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland
| | - Vincenzo Aversa
- 2Sublimity Therapeutics Limited, Dublin City University, Alpha Innovation Campus, Old Finglas Road, Dublin, D11 KXN4 Ireland
| | - Monica Rosa
- 2Sublimity Therapeutics Limited, Dublin City University, Alpha Innovation Campus, Old Finglas Road, Dublin, D11 KXN4 Ireland
| | - Ivan S Coulter
- 2Sublimity Therapeutics Limited, Dublin City University, Alpha Innovation Campus, Old Finglas Road, Dublin, D11 KXN4 Ireland
| | - Jan Holmgren
- 3University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- 3University of Gothenburg Vaccine Research Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Box 435, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ed C Lavelle
- 1Adjuvant Research Group, School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 R590 Ireland.,4Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices & Advanced Materials Bio-Engineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, D02 PN40 Ireland
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Chen D, Zhao H, Gao X, Chen S, Liu H, Zhang J, Zhang J, Meng M. Subcutaneous administration of α-GalCer activates iNKT10 cells to promote M2 macrophage polarization and ameliorates chronic inflammation of obese adipose tissue. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 77:105948. [PMID: 31629216 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The role of iNKT cells was investigated in chronic adipose tissue inflammation in obese mice after administration of α-GalCer in different pathways. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to establish the obese mouse model. The pathology of adipose tissue was observed by H&E staining. The rates of iNKT cells, macrophages and cell subsets in adipose tissue were detected by FCM. Cytokine levels in serum and adipose tissue lymphocyte-stimulated supernatants were assessed with the CBA kit. The expression levels of related transcription factor in adipose tissue were detected by Western blot. RESULTS The proportions of iNKT cells, iNKT10 cells and M2 macrophages were decreased, while those of iNKT1 and M1 macrophages were increased in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. The expression levels of the related transcriptional proteins E4BP4 and Arg-1 were decreased while iNOS expression was increased in adipose tissue. Administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection resulted in increased rates of iNKT10 cells and M2 macrophages, and decreased amounts of M1 macrophages in adipose tissue of HFD-fed mice. The expression of E4BP4 and Arg-1 were up-regulated, but iNOS was down-regulated. Meanwhile, infiltration of inflammatory cells into adipose tissue was further reduced. CONCLUSION The imbalance between the proportions of iNKT1 and iNKT10 cells may be involved in the development of chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue. Administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection in HFD-fed mice activates adipose tissue iNKT10 cells, which promote M2 macrophage polarization and improve chronic inflammation in obese adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Shengde Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China
| | - Jinku Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The First Centre Hospital of Baoding, Baoding, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ming Meng
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China.
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Godfrey DI, Koay HF, McCluskey J, Gherardin NA. The biology and functional importance of MAIT cells. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:1110-1128. [PMID: 31406380 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, a population of unconventional T cells called 'mucosal-associated invariant T cells' (MAIT cells) has captured the attention of immunologists and clinicians due to their abundance in humans, their involvement in a broad range of infectious and non-infectious diseases and their unusual specificity for microbial riboflavin-derivative antigens presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like protein MR1. MAIT cells use a limited T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoire with public antigen specificities that are conserved across species. They can be activated by TCR-dependent and TCR-independent mechanisms and exhibit rapid, innate-like effector responses. Here we review evidence showing that MAIT cells are a key component of the immune system and discuss their basic biology, development, role in disease and immunotherapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Hui-Fern Koay
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James McCluskey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Gherardin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Invariant natural killer T cells (iNKT cells) are an innate-like T cell subset that expresses an invariant T cell receptor (TCR) α-chain and recognizes lipids presented on CD1d. They secrete diverse cytokines and can influence many types of immune responses. Despite having highly similar TCR specificities, iNKT cells differentiate in the thymus into distinct subsets that are analogous to T helper 1 (TH1), TH2 and TH17 cell subsets. Additional iNKT cell subsets that may require peripheral activation have also been described, including one that produces IL-10. In general, iNKT cells are non-circulating, tissue-resident lymphocytes, but the prevalence of different iNKT cell subsets differs markedly between tissues. Here, we summarize the functions of iNKT cells in four tissues in which they are prevalent, namely, the liver, the lungs, adipose tissue and the intestine. Importantly, we explain how local iNKT cell responses at each site contribute to tissue homeostasis and protection from infection but can also contribute to tissue inflammation and damage.
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CD160 serves as a negative regulator of NKT cells in acute hepatic injury. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3258. [PMID: 31332204 PMCID: PMC6646315 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CD160 and BTLA both bind to herpes virus entry mediator. Although a negative regulatory function of BTLA in natural killer T (NKT) cell activation has been reported, whether CD160 is also involved is unclear. By analyzing CD160-/- mice and mixed bone marrow chimeras, we show that CD160 is not essential for NKT cell development. However, CD160-/- mice exhibit severe liver injury after in vivo challenge with α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). Moreover, CD160-/- mice are more susceptible to Concanavalin A challenge, and display elevated serum AST and ALT levels, hyperactivation of NKT cells, and enhanced IFN-γ, TNF, and IL-4 production. Lastly, inhibition of BTLA by anti-BTLA mAb aggravates α-GalCer-induced hepatic injury in CD160-/- mice, suggesting that both CD160 and BTLA serve as non-overlapping negative regulators of NKT cells. Our data thus implicate CD160 as a co-inhibitory receptor that delivers antigen-dependent signals in NKT cells to dampen cytokine production during early innate immune activation.
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Chen D, Gao X, Wang J, Zhao H, Liu H, Chen S, Zhang J, Meng M. Activation of hepatic iNKT2 cells by α-GalCer ameliorates hepatic steatosis induced by high-fat diet in C57BL/6J mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2019; 74:105727. [PMID: 31284229 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.105727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The existence of association between the subpopulation of iNKT cells with different functions and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has not been confirmed. To investigative the role of iNKT cells in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, we established a non-alcoholic fatty liver model by feeding C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks with a high-fat diet and injecting α-GalCer through different routes to activate hepatic iNKT cells. The liver of the mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) had severe hepatic steatosis appearance, elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines and reduced anti-inflammatory cytokines in the liver, and high serum levels of TC, LDL, HDL, and ALT. Our results showed that the percentage of iNKT cells in the liver of the HFD-fed mice was lower than that of the control mice. The expression levels of the related transcription factor of T-bet increased but that of GATA-3 decreased in the HFD-fed mice. The administration of α-GalCer by intraperitoneal injection resulted in increasing of hepatic iNKT and iNKT2 cells but decreasing of hepatic iNKT1 cells, and the expression of GATA-3 and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4) was increased in the liver, and hepatic steatosis was ameliorated in the HFD-fed mice. The administration of α-GalCer by subcutaneous injection resulted in a decrease in hepatic iNKT and iNKT2 and an augmentation of hepatic iNKT1 cells. However, hepatic steatosis was not significantly improved. We concluded that the intraperitoneal injection with α-GalCer effectively improved hepatic steatosis, according to increasing the number of hepatic iNKT2 cells. The precise mechanism requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Huijuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Huifang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Shengde Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jingnan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Ming Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis Mechanism and Control of Inflammatory-autoimmune Diseases in Hebei Province, Baoding, PR China; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, Hebei Province, PR China.
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Schäfer A, Hühr J, Schwaiger T, Dorhoi A, Mettenleiter TC, Blome S, Schröder C, Blohm U. Porcine Invariant Natural Killer T Cells: Functional Profiling and Dynamics in Steady State and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1380. [PMID: 31316500 PMCID: PMC6611438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigs are important livestock and comprehensive understanding of their immune responses in infections is critical to improve vaccines and therapies. Moreover, similarities between human and swine physiology suggest that pigs are a superior animal model for immunological studies. However, paucity of experimental tools for a systematic analysis of the immune responses in pigs represent a major disadvantage. To evaluate the pig as a biomedical model and additionally expand the knowledge of rare immune cell populations in swine, we established a multicolor flow cytometry analysis platform of surface marker expression and cellular responses for porcine invariant Natural Killer T cells (iNKT). In humans, iNKT cells are among the first line defenders in various tissues, respond to CD1d-restricted antigens and become rapidly activated. Naïve porcine iNKT cells were CD3+/CD4−/CD8+ or CD3+/CD4−/CD8− and displayed an effector- or memory-like phenotype (CD25+/ICOS+/CD5hi/CD45RA−/CCR7 ± /CD27+). Based on their expression of the transcription factors T bet and the iNKT cell-specific promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (PLZF), porcine iNKT cells were differentiated into functional subsets. Analogous to human iNKT cells, in vitro stimulation of porcine leukocytes with the CD1d ligand α-galactosylceramide resulted in rapid iNKT cell proliferation, evidenced by an increase in frequency and Ki-67 expression. Moreover, this approach revealed CD25, CD5, ICOS, and the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) as activation markers on porcine iNKT cells. Activated iNKT cells also expressed interferon-γ, upregulated perforin expression, and displayed degranulation. In steady state, iNKT cell frequency was highest in newborn piglets and decreased with age. Upon infection with two viruses of high relevance to swine and humans, iNKT cells expanded. Animals infected with African swine fever virus displayed an increase of iNKT cell frequency in peripheral blood, regional lymph nodes, and lungs. During Influenza A virus infection, iNKT cell percentage increased in blood, lung lymph nodes, and broncho-alveolar lavage. Our in-depth characterization of porcine iNKT cells contributes to a better understanding of porcine immune responses, thereby facilitating the design of innovative interventions against infectious diseases. Moreover, we provide new evidence that endorses the suitability of the pig as a biomedical model for iNKT cell research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schäfer
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jane Hühr
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Theresa Schwaiger
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Thomas C Mettenleiter
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Sandra Blome
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schröder
- Department of Experimental Animal Facilities and Biorisk Management, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Ulrike Blohm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Hui KF, Yiu SPT, Tam KP, Chiang AKS. Viral-Targeted Strategies Against EBV-Associated Lymphoproliferative Diseases. Front Oncol 2019; 9:81. [PMID: 30873380 PMCID: PMC6400835 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly associated with a spectrum of EBV-associated lymphoproliferative diseases (EBV-LPDs) ranging from post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, B cell lymphomas (e.g., endemic Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma) to NK or T cell lymphoma (e.g., nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma). The virus expresses a number of latent viral proteins which are able to manipulate cell cycle and cell death processes to promote survival of the tumor cells. Several FDA-approved drugs or novel compounds have been shown to induce killing of some of the EBV-LPDs by inhibiting the function of latent viral proteins or activating the viral lytic cycle from latency. Here, we aim to provide an overview on the mechanisms by which EBV employs to drive the pathogenesis of various EBV-LPDs and to maintain the survival of the tumor cells followed by a discussion on the development of viral-targeted strategies based on the understanding of the patho-mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai Fung Hui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephanie Pei Tung Yiu
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kam Pui Tam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Alan Kwok Shing Chiang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Center for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Escribà-Garcia L, Alvarez-Fernández C, Caballero AC, Schaub R, Sierra J, Briones J. The novel agonistic iNKT-cell antibody NKT14m induces a therapeutic antitumor response against B-cell lymphoma. Oncoimmunology 2019; 8:e1546543. [PMID: 30713807 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1546543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a small population of T lymphocytes that expresses an invariant T cell receptor with a unique specificity for glycolipid antigens. Their activation using the glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) triggers innate and adaptive immune responses. The use of α-GalCer in preclinical models as a single antitumor treatment showed moderate effect, but its efficacy in cancer patients was less effective. In addition, this glycolipid induces long-term iNKT-cell anergy precluding the possibility of retreatment. Recently, the first murine iNKT-cell agonistic antibody, NKT14m, has been developed. Here, we analyzed, for the first time, the antitumor efficacy of NKT14m in a B-cell lymphoma model. In a therapeutic setting, a single dose of NKT14m had a moderate antitumor efficacy that was associated with an increase of IFN-γ producing iNKT cells even after a second dose of the NKT14m antibody. Importantly, the combination of a single dose of NKT14m with cyclophosphamide had a potent antitumor efficacy and long-lasting immunity in vivo. Our findings provide the first evidence of the in vivo antitumor efficacy of NKT14m antibody, showing that, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, induces an effective antitumor response. These results open new opportunities for iNKT-cell mediated immunotherapy to treat B-cell lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Escribà-Garcia
- Hematology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Fernández
- Hematology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Carolina Caballero
- Hematology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jorge Sierra
- Hematology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Briones
- Hematology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Experimental Hematology-IIB, Institut Recerca Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Autonomous University, Barcelona, Spain
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50
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Qiu F, Becker KW, Knight FC, Baljon JJ, Sevimli S, Shae D, Gilchuk P, Joyce S, Wilson JT. Poly(propylacrylic acid)-peptide nanoplexes as a platform for enhancing the immunogenicity of neoantigen cancer vaccines. Biomaterials 2018; 182:82-91. [PMID: 30107272 PMCID: PMC6778406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines targeting patient-specific tumor neoantigens have recently emerged as a promising component of the rapidly expanding immunotherapeutic armamentarium. However, neoantigenic peptides typically elicit weak CD8+ T cell responses, and so there is a need for universally applicable vaccine delivery strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of these peptides. Ideally, such vaccines could also be rapidly fabricated using chemically synthesized peptide antigens customized to an individual patient. Here, we describe a strategy for simple and rapid packaging of peptide antigens into pH-responsive nanoparticles with endosomal escape activity. Electrostatically-stabilized polyplex nanoparticles (nanoplexes) can be assembled instantaneously by mixing decalysine-modified antigenic peptides and poly(propylacrylic acid) (pPAA), a polyanion with pH-dependent, membrane destabilizing activity. These nanoplexes increase and prolong antigen uptake and presentation on MHC-I (major histocompatibility complex class I) molecules expressed by dendritic cells, resulting in enhanced activation of CD8+ T cells. Using an intranasal immunization route, nanoplex vaccines inhibit formation of lung metastases in a murine melanoma model. Additionally, nanoplex vaccines strongly synergize with the adjuvant α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) in stimulating robust CD8+ T cell responses, significantly increasing survival time in mice with established melanoma tumors. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that peptide/pPAA nanoplexes offer a facile and versatile platform for enhancing CD8+ T cell responses to peptide antigens, with potential to complement ongoing advancements in the development of neoantigen-targeted cancer vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Laboratory of Anaesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kyle W Becker
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Frances C Knight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | | | - Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Daniel Shae
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Pavlo Gilchuk
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, USA; Department of Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA
| | - Sebastian Joyce
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, USA; Department of Veterans Administration Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, USA; Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA.
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