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Vergara EJ, Tran AC, Paul MJ, Harrison T, Cooper A, Reljic R. A modified mycobacterial growth inhibition assay for the functional assessment of vaccine-mediated immunity. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:123. [PMID: 38956057 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00906-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mycobacterial growth inhibition assay (MGIA) is an ex-vivo assay used to measure the overall functional immune response elicited by infection or vaccination. In tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development, MGIA is a potentially important tool for preclinical evaluation of early-stage vaccine candidates to complement existing assays, and to potentially reduce the need for lengthy and costly pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) animal challenge experiments. The conventional method of MGIA in mice entails directly infecting mixed cell cultures, most commonly splenocytes, from immunised mice with mycobacteria. However, this direct infection of mixed cell populations may yield unreliable results and lacks sufficient sensitivity to discriminate well between different vaccines due to the low number of mycobacteria-permissive cells. Here, we modified the assay by inclusion of mycobacteria-infected congenic murine macrophage cell lines as the target cells, and by measuring the total number of killed cells rather than the relative reduction between different groups. Thus, using splenocytes from Mycobacterium bovis BCG immunised mice, and J774 and MH-S (BALB/c background) or BL/6-M (C57Bl/6 background) macrophage cell lines, we demonstrated that the modified assay resulted in at least 26-fold greater mycobacterial killing per set quantity of splenocytes as compared to the conventional method. This increased sensitivity of measuring mycobacterial killing was confirmed using both the standard culture forming unit (CFU) assay and luminescence readings of luciferase-tagged virulent and avirulent mycobacteria. We propose that the modified MGIA can be used as a highly calibrated tool for quantitating the killing capacity of immune cells in preclinical evaluation of vaccine candidates for TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Joseph Vergara
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Andy Cano Tran
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Matthew J Paul
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Harrison
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Cooper
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St. George's University of London, London, UK.
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2
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Pahuja I, Ghoshal A, Okieh AA, Verma A, Negi K, Agarwal M, Chandra NS, Sharma SK, Bhaskar A, Dwivedi VP. Immunoinhibitory effects of anti-tuberculosis therapy induce the host vulnerability to tuberculosis recurrence. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0041224. [PMID: 38809023 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00412-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The host immune responses play a pivotal role in the establishment of long-term memory responses, which effectively aids in infection clearance. However, the prevailing anti-tuberculosis therapy, while aiming to combat tuberculosis (TB), also debilitates innate and adaptive immune components of the host. In this study, we explored how the front-line anti-TB drugs impact the host immune cells by modulating multiple signaling pathways and subsequently leading to disease relapse. Administration of these drugs led to a reduction in innate immune activation and also the cytokines required to trigger protective T cell responses. Moreover, these drugs led to activation-induced cell death in the mycobacterial-specific T cell leading to a reduced killing capacity. Furthermore, these drugs stalled the T cell differentiation into memory subsets by modulating the activation of STAT3, STAT4, FOXO1, and NFκB transcription factors and hampering the Th1 and Th17-mediated long-term host protective memory responses. These findings suggest the urgent need to augment directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) therapy with immunomodulatory agents to mitigate the adverse effects linked to the treatment.IMPORTANCEAs a central component of TB eradication initiatives, directly observed treatment, short-course (DOTS) therapy imparts immune-dampening effects during the course of treatment. This approach undermines the host immune system by delaying the activation process and lowering the immune response. In our investigation, we have unveiled the impact of DOTS on specific immune cell populations. Notably, the signaling pathways involving STAT3 and STAT4 critical for memory responses and NFκβ associated with pro-inflammation were substantially declined due to the therapy. Consequently, these drugs exhibit limited effectiveness in preventing recurrence of the disease. These observations highlight the imperative integration of immunomodulators to manage TB infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Pahuja
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Antara Ghoshal
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ahmed Abdallah Okieh
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Akanksha Verma
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Negi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Meetu Agarwal
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nidhi Subhash Chandra
- Department of Microbiology, Ram Lal Anand College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Sharma
- School of Computer & Systems Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Ashima Bhaskar
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ved Prakash Dwivedi
- Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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3
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Mon ML, Romano N, Farace PD, Tortone CA, Oriani DS, Picariello G, Zumárraga MJ, Gioffré AK, Talia PM. Exploring the cellulolytic activity of environmental mycobacteria. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2024; 147:102516. [PMID: 38735123 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2024.102516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Although studies on non-tuberculous mycobacteria have increased in recent years because they cause a considerable proportion of infections, their cellulolytic system is still poorly studied. This study presents a characterization of the cellulolytic activities of environmental mycobacterial isolates derived from soil and water samples from the central region of Argentina, aimed to evaluate the conservation of the mechanism for the degradation of cellulose in this group of bacteria. The molecular and genomic identification revealed identity with Mycolicibacterium septicum. The endoglucanase and total cellulase activities were assessed both qualitatively and quantitatively and the optimal enzymatic conditions were characterized. A specific protein of around 56 kDa with cellulolytic activity was detected in a zymogram. Protein sequences possibly arising from a cellulase were identified by mass spectrometry-based shotgun proteomics. Results showed that M. septicum encodes for cellulose- and hemicellulose-related degrading enzymes, including at least an active β-1,4 endoglucanase enzyme that could be useful to improve its survival in the environment. Given the important health issues related to mycobacteria, the results of the present study may contribute to the knowledge of their cellulolytic system, which could be important for their ability to survive in many different types of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Laura Mon
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Nelson Romano
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Daniel Farace
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Claudia A Tortone
- Cátedra de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, General Pico, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Delia S Oriani
- Cátedra de Bacteriología y Micología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, General Pico, La Pampa, Argentina.
| | - Gianluca Picariello
- Istituto di Scienze Dell'Alimentazione, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Roma 64, 83100, Avellino, Italy.
| | - Martín José Zumárraga
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Andrea Karina Gioffré
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paola M Talia
- Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular IABIMO, UEDD INTA-CONICET, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, (1686) Hurlingham, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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4
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Maio M, Barros J, Joly M, Vahlas Z, Marín Franco JL, Genoula M, Monard SC, Vecchione MB, Fuentes F, Gonzalez Polo V, Quiroga MF, Vermeulen M, Vu Manh TP, Argüello RJ, Inwentarz S, Musella R, Ciallella L, González Montaner P, Palmero D, Lugo Villarino G, Sasiain MDC, Neyrolles O, Vérollet C, Balboa L. Elevated glycolytic metabolism of monocytes limits the generation of HIF1A-driven migratory dendritic cells in tuberculosis. eLife 2024; 12:RP89319. [PMID: 38922679 PMCID: PMC11208050 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
During tuberculosis (TB), migration of dendritic cells (DCs) from the site of infection to the draining lymph nodes is known to be impaired, hindering the rapid development of protective T-cell-mediated immunity. However, the mechanisms involved in the delayed migration of DCs during TB are still poorly defined. Here, we found that infection of DCs with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) triggers HIF1A-mediated aerobic glycolysis in a TLR2-dependent manner, and that this metabolic profile is essential for DC migration. In particular, the lactate dehydrogenase inhibitor oxamate and the HIF1A inhibitor PX-478 abrogated Mtb-induced DC migration in vitro to the lymphoid tissue-specific chemokine CCL21, and in vivo to lymph nodes in mice. Strikingly, we found that although monocytes from TB patients are inherently biased toward glycolysis metabolism, they differentiate into poorly glycolytic and poorly migratory DCs compared with healthy subjects. Taken together, these data suggest that because of their preexisting glycolytic state, circulating monocytes from TB patients are refractory to differentiation into migratory DCs, which may explain the delayed migration of these cells during the disease and opens avenues for host-directed therapies for TB.
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Grants
- PICT-2019-01044 Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación
- PICT-2020-00501 Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica
- 11220200100299CO Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- ANRS2018-02 Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales
- ECTZ 118551/118554 Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales
- ECTZ 205320/305352 Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales
- ECTZ103104 Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales
- ECTZ101971 Agence Nationale de Recherches sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales
- ANR-20-CE14-0028 Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- MAT-PI-17493-A-04 Inserm Transfert
- CONICET The Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations
- PIP 11220200100299CO The Argentinean National Council of Scientific and Technical Investigations
- ANRS2018-02 The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)
- ECTZ 118551/118554 The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)
- ECTZ 205320/305352 The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)
- ANRS ECTZ103104 The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)
- ECTZ101971 The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)
- ANR-20-CE14-0028 The French ANR JCJC-Epic-SCENITH
- MAT-PI-17493-A-04 CoPoC Inserm-transfert
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Maio
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Joaquina Barros
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Marine Joly
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Zoi Vahlas
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - José Luis Marín Franco
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Melanie Genoula
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Sarah C Monard
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - María Belén Vecchione
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Federico Fuentes
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Virginia Gonzalez Polo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - María Florencia Quiroga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Mónica Vermeulen
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Thien-Phong Vu Manh
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyMarseilleFrance
| | - Rafael J Argüello
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-LuminyMarseilleFrance
| | - Sandra Inwentarz
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza and Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. MuñizBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Rosa Musella
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza and Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. MuñizBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Lorena Ciallella
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza and Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. MuñizBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Pablo González Montaner
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza and Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. MuñizBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Domingo Palmero
- Instituto Prof. Dr. Raúl Vaccarezza and Hospital de Infecciosas Dr. F.J. MuñizBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Geanncarlo Lugo Villarino
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - María del Carmen Sasiain
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
| | - Olivier Neyrolles
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Christel Vérollet
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPSToulouseFrance
| | - Luciana Balboa
- Instituto de Medicina Experimental (IMEX)-CONICET, Academia Nacional de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina
- International Associated Laboratory (LIA) CNRS IM-TB/HIV (1167), Buenos Aires, Argentina / International Research Project ToulouseToulouseFrance
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) - Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
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5
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Xie W, Bruce K, Belz GT, Farrell HE, Stevenson PG. Indirect CD4 + T cell protection against mouse gamma-herpesvirus infection via interferon gamma. J Virol 2024; 98:e0049324. [PMID: 38578092 PMCID: PMC11092340 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00493-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells play a key role in γ-herpesvirus infection control. However, the mechanisms involved are unclear. Murine herpesvirus type 4 (MuHV-4) allows relevant immune pathways to be dissected experimentally in mice. In the lungs, it colonizes myeloid cells, which can express MHC class II (MHCII), and type 1 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC1), which lack it. Nevertheless, CD4+ T cells can control AEC1 infection, and this control depends on MHCII expression in myeloid cells. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) is a major component of CD4+ T cell-dependent MuHV-4 control. Here, we show that the action of IFNγ is also indirect, as CD4+ T cell-mediated control of AEC1 infection depended on IFNγ receptor (IFNγR1) expression in CD11c+ cells. Indirect control also depended on natural killer (NK) cells. Together, the data suggest that the activation of MHCII+ CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells is key to the CD4+ T cell/NK cell protection axis. By contrast, CD8+ T cell control of AEC1 infection appeared to operate independently. IMPORTANCE CD4+ T cells are critical for the control of gamma-herpesvirus infection; they act indirectly, by recruiting natural killer (NK) cells to attack infected target cells. Here, we report that the CD4+ T cell/NK cell axis of gamma-herpesvirus control requires interferon-γ engagement of CD11c+ dendritic cells. This mechanism of CD4+ T cell control releases the need for the direct engagement of CD4+ T cells with virus-infected cells and may be a common strategy for host control of immune-evasive pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiaojie Xie
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kimberley Bruce
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle T. Belz
- The University of Queensland Frazer Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Helen E. Farrell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Philip G. Stevenson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Salgueiro VC, Passemar C, Vázquez-Iniesta L, Lerma L, Floto A, Prados-Rosales R. Extracellular vesicles in mycobacteria: new findings in biogenesis, host-pathogen interactions, and diagnostics. mBio 2024; 15:e0255223. [PMID: 38567992 PMCID: PMC11077946 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02552-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in mycobacterial species 15 years back, we have learned that this phenomenon is conserved in the Mycobacterium genus and has critical roles in bacterial physiology and host-pathogen interactions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the tuberculosis (TB) causative agent, produces EVs both in vitro and in vivo including a diverse set of biomolecules with demonstrated immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, Mtb EVs (MEVs) have been shown to possess vaccine properties and carry biomarkers with diagnostic capacity. Although information on MEV biogenesis relative to other bacterial species is scarce, recent studies have shed light on how MEVs originate and are released to the extracellular space. In this minireview, we discuss past and new information about the vesiculogenesis phenomenon in Mtb, including biogenesis, MEV cargo, aspects in the context of host-pathogen interactions, and applications that could help to develop effective tools to tackle the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian C. Salgueiro
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Charlotte Passemar
- Cambridge Center for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lucía Vázquez-Iniesta
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Lerma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Floto
- Cambridge Center for Lung Infection, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael Prados-Rosales
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Public Health, and Microbiology. School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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7
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Reba SM, Li Q, Onwuzulike S, Nagy N, Fletcher S, Parker K, Shaw RJ, Umphred-Wilson K, Shukla S, Harding CV, Boom WH, Rojas RE. TLR2 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells promotes control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350715. [PMID: 38446066 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Although a role for TLR2 on T cells has been indicated in prior studies, in vivo stimulation of TLR2 on T cells by Mtb and its impact on Mtb infection has not been tested. Furthermore, it is not known if the enhanced susceptibility to Mtb of Tlr2 gene knockout mice is due to its role in macrophages, T cells, or both. To address TLR2 on T cells, we generated Tlr2fl/flxCd4cre/cre mice, which lack expression of TLR2 on both CD4 and CD8 T cells, to study the in vivo role of TLR2 on T cells after aerosol infection with virulent Mtb. Deletion of TLR2 in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells reduces their ability to be co-stimulated by TLR2 ligands for cytokine production. These include both pro- (IFN-γ, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Deletion of TLR2 in T cells affected control of Mtb in the lungs and spleens of infected mice. This suggests that T-cell co-stimulation by mycobacterial TLR2 ligands in vivo contributes to the control of Mtb infection in the lung and spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M Reba
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sophia Onwuzulike
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nancy Nagy
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Shane Fletcher
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kyle Parker
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rachel J Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Katharine Umphred-Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Supriya Shukla
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Clifford V Harding
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - W Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University & University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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8
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Zheng W, Borja M, Dorman L, Liu J, Zhou A, Seng A, Arjyal R, Sunshine S, Nalyvayko A, Pisco A, Rosenberg O, Neff N, Zha BS. How Mycobacterium tuberculosis builds a home: Single-cell analysis reveals M. tuberculosis ESX-1-mediated accumulation of anti-inflammatory macrophages in infected mouse lungs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.20.590421. [PMID: 38712150 PMCID: PMC11071417 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.20.590421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects and replicates in lung mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) with astounding ability to evade elimination. ESX-1, a type VII secretion system, acts as a virulence determinant that contributes to MTB's ability to survive within MNPs, but its effect on MNP recruitment and/or differentiation remains unknown. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we studied the role of ESX-1 in MNP heterogeneity and response in mice and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). We found that ESX-1 is required for MTB to recruit diverse MNP subsets with high MTB burden. Further, MTB induces an anti-inflammatory signature in MNPs and BMDM in an ESX-1 dependent manner. Similarly, spatial transcriptomics revealed an upregulation of anti-inflammatory signals in MTB lesions, where monocyte-derived macrophages concentrate near MTB-infected cells. Together, our findings suggest that MTB ESX-1 mediates the recruitment and differentiation of anti-inflammatory MNPs, which MTB can infect and manipulate for survival.
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9
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Priyanka, Sharma S, Varma-Basil M, Sharma M. C-terminal region of Rv1039c (PPE15) protein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis targets host mitochondria to induce macrophage apoptosis. Apoptosis 2024:10.1007/s10495-024-01965-2. [PMID: 38615303 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-024-01965-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) genome possesses a unique family called Proline-Glutamate/Proline-Proline-Glutamate (PE/PPE) gene family, exclusive to pathogenic mycobacterium. Some of these proteins are known to play role in virulence and immune response modulation, but many are still uncharacterized. This study investigated the role of C-terminal region of Rv1039c (PPE15) in inducing mitochondrial perturbations and macrophage apoptosis. Our in-silico studies revealed the disordered, coiled, and hydrophobic C-terminal region in Rv1039c has similarity with C-terminal of mitochondria-targeting pro-apoptotic host proteins. Wild type Rv1039c and C-terminal deleted Rv1039c (Rv1039c-/-Cterm) recombinant proteins were purified and their M. smegmatis knock-in strains were constructed which were used for in-vitro experiments. Confocal microscopy showed localization of Rv1039c to mitochondria of PMA-differentiated THP1 macrophages; and reduced mitochondrial membrane depolarization and production of mitochondrial superoxides were observed in response to Rv1039c-/-Cterm in comparison to full-length Rv1039c. The C-terminal region of Rv1039c was found to activate caspases 3, 7 and 9 along with upregulated expression of pro-apoptotic genes like Bax and Bim. Rv1039c-/-Cterm also reduced the Cytochrome-C release from the mitochondria and the expression of AnnexinV/PI positive and TUNEL positive cells as compared to Rv1039c. Additionally, Rv1039c was observed to upregulate the TLR4-NF-κB-TNF-α signalling whereas the same was downregulated in response to Rv1039c-/-Cterm. These findings suggested that the C-terminal region of Rv1039c is a molecular mimic of pro-apoptotic host proteins which induce mitochondria-dependent macrophage apoptosis and evoke host immune response. These observations enhance our understanding about the role of PE/PPE proteins at host-pathogen interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka
- DSKC BioDiscovery Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- DSKC BioDiscovery Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mandira Varma-Basil
- Department of Microbiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Monika Sharma
- DSKC BioDiscovery Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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10
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Kurtz SL, Baker RE, Boehm FJ, Lehman CC, Mittereder LR, Khan H, Rossi AP, Gatti DM, Beamer G, Sassetti CM, Elkins KL. Multiple genetic loci influence vaccine-induced protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in genetically diverse mice. PLoS Pathog 2024; 20:e1012069. [PMID: 38452145 PMCID: PMC10950258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1012069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb.) infection leads to over 1.5 million deaths annually, despite widespread vaccination with BCG at birth. Causes for the ongoing tuberculosis endemic are complex and include the failure of BCG to protect many against progressive pulmonary disease. Host genetics is one of the known factors implicated in susceptibility to primary tuberculosis, but less is known about the role that host genetics plays in controlling host responses to vaccination against M.tb. Here, we addressed this gap by utilizing Diversity Outbred (DO) mice as a small animal model to query genetic drivers of vaccine-induced protection against M.tb. DO mice are a highly genetically and phenotypically diverse outbred population that is well suited for fine genetic mapping. Similar to outcomes in people, our previous studies demonstrated that DO mice have a wide range of disease outcomes following BCG vaccination and M.tb. challenge. In the current study, we used a large population of BCG-vaccinated/M.tb.-challenged mice to perform quantitative trait loci mapping of complex infection traits; these included lung and spleen M.tb. burdens, as well as lung cytokines measured at necropsy. We found sixteen chromosomal loci associated with complex infection traits and cytokine production. QTL associated with bacterial burdens included a region encoding major histocompatibility antigens that are known to affect susceptibility to tuberculosis, supporting validity of the approach. Most of the other QTL represent novel associations with immune responses to M.tb. and novel pathways of cytokine regulation. Most importantly, we discovered that protection induced by BCG is a multigenic trait, in which genetic loci harboring functionally-distinct candidate genes influence different aspects of immune responses that are crucial collectively for successful protection. These data provide exciting new avenues to explore and exploit in developing new vaccines against M.tb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry L. Kurtz
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard E. Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Frederick J. Boehm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Chelsea C. Lehman
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lara R. Mittereder
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hamda Khan
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amy P. Rossi
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- College of Medicine, University of Cincinatti, Cincinatti, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Daniel M. Gatti
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Gillian Beamer
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christopher M. Sassetti
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Karen L. Elkins
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
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11
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Lee JS, Kim C. Role of CARD9 in Cell- and Organ-Specific Immune Responses in Various Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2598. [PMID: 38473845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9) is an intracellular adaptor protein that is abundantly expressed in cells of the myeloid lineage, such as neutrophils, macrophages, and dendritic cells. CARD9 plays a critical role in host immunity against infections caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. A CARD9 deficiency impairs the production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines as well as migration and infiltration, thereby increasing susceptibility to infections. However, CARD9 signaling varies depending on the pathogen causing the infection. Furthermore, different studies have reported altered CARD9-mediated signaling even with the same pathogen. Therefore, this review focuses on and elucidates the current literature on varied CARD9 signaling in response to various infectious stimuli in humans and experimental mice models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seok Lee
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaekyun Kim
- Laboratory of Leukocyte Signaling Research, Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
- BK21, Program in Biomedical Science & Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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12
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A J, S S S, K S, T S M. Extracellular vesicles in bacterial and fungal diseases - Pathogenesis to diagnostic biomarkers. Virulence 2023; 14:2180934. [PMID: 36794396 PMCID: PMC10012962 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2023.2180934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication among microbes plays an important role in disease exacerbation. Recent advances have described small vesicles, termed as "extracellular vesicles" (EVs), previously disregarded as "cellular dust" to be vital in the intracellular and intercellular communication in host-microbe interactions. These signals have been known to initiate host damage and transfer of a variety of cargo including proteins, lipid particles, DNA, mRNA, and miRNAs. Microbial EVs, referred to generally as "membrane vesicles" (MVs), play a key role in disease exacerbation suggesting their importance in pathogenicity. Host EVs help coordinate antimicrobial responses and prime the immune cells for pathogen attack. Hence EVs with their central role in microbe-host communication, may serve as important diagnostic biomarkers of microbial pathogenesis. In this review, we summarize current research regarding the roles of EVs as markers of microbial pathogenesis with specific focus on their interaction with host immune defence and their potential as diagnostic biomarkers in disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jnana A
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Sadiya S S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Satyamoorthy K
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Murali T S
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
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13
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Li Y, Qian Y, Wang N, Qiu D, Cao H, Wang Y, Luo H, Shen X, Cui H, Wang J, Zhu H. The functions and applications of extracellular vesicles derived from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115767. [PMID: 37865994 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) originating from bacteria function critical roles in bacterial biologic physiology and host-pathogen interactions. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) produces EVs both in vitro and in vivo, with membrane-bound nanoparticles facilitating the transmission of biological molecules including lipids, proteins, nucleic acids and glycolipids, while interacting remotely with the host. Although studies of EVs in mycobacterial infections is still in its infancy, it has already revealed an entirely new aspect of M. tuberculosis-host interactions that may have implications for tuberculosis (TB) pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss the significant functions of M. tuberculosis EVs in elucidating the mechanisms underlying vesicle biogenesis and modulating cellular immune responses, as well as the recent advances and challenges in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic or diagnostic strategies against TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Yingfen Qian
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Kunshan, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215300, PR China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Dewen Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Jiangxi Maternal and Child health hospital Maternal and Child heath hospital of Nanchang college, Nanchang 215300, PR China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Food and Nutrition Safety, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Jinxi People's Hospital, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Hao Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Second People's Hospital, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Penglang Community Health Service Center of Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Suzhou 215300, PR China
| | - Hanwei Cui
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Fourth People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518118, PR China.
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Suzhou 215300, PR China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, PR China.
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14
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Xu Z, Li X, Xia A, Zhang Z, Wan J, Gao Y, Meng C, Chen X, Jiao XA. Activation dynamics of antigen presenting cells in vivo against Mycobacterium bovis BCG in different immunized route. BMC Immunol 2023; 24:48. [PMID: 38012553 PMCID: PMC10683112 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-023-00589-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Control of Tuberculosis (TB) infection is mainly the result of productive teamwork between T-cell populations and antigen presenting cells (APCs). However, APCs activation at the site of initiating cellular immune response during BCG early infection is not completely understood. METHODS In this study, we injected C57BL/6 mice in intravenous (i.v) or subcutaneous (s.c) route, then splenic or inguinal lymph node (LN) DCs and MΦs were sorted, and mycobacteria uptake, cytokine production, antigen presentation activity, and cell phenotype were investigated and compared, respectively. RESULTS Ag85A-specific T-cell immune response began at 6 days post BCG infection, when BCG was delivered in s.c route, Th17 immune response could be induced in inguinal LN. BCG could induce high level of activation phenotype in inguinal LN MΦs, while the MHC II presentation of mycobacteria-derived peptides by DCs was more efficient than MΦs. CONCLUSIONS The results showed that BCG immunized route can decide the main tissue of T-cell immune response. Compared with s.c injected route, APCs undergo more rapid cell activation in spleen post BCG i.v infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengzhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Aihong Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Jiaxu Wan
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Chuang Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Xin-An Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, No. 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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15
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Garcia AA, Plain KM, Thomson PC, Thomas AJ, Davies CJ, Toribio JALML, Whittington RJ. Association between major histocompatibility complex haplotypes and susceptibility of unvaccinated and vaccinated cattle to paratuberculosis. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 265:110677. [PMID: 37952345 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Bovine Johne's disease (BJD) or paratuberculosis is caused by Mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (MAP) and is a worldwide problem among domestic and wild ruminants. While vaccines are available, natural differences in background immunity between breeds within species and between individuals within herds suggest that genetic differences may be able to be exploited in marker-assisted selection as an aid to disease control. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an important component in immune recognition with considerable genetic variability. In this study, associations between the MHC and resistance to BJD were explored in dairy cattle across two herds in which some of the cattle had been vaccinated with Silirum® (n = 540 cows). A BJD susceptible animal was exposed to MAP and became infected, while a resistant animal was exposed but did not become infected. There are different ways to define both exposure and infection, with different levels of stringency, therefore many classifications of the same set of animals are possible and were included in the analysis. The polymorphic regions of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and class II (MHC II) genes were amplified from the genomic DNA by PCR and sequenced, targeting exons 2 and 3 of the classical and non-classical MHC I genes and exon 2 from the DRB3, DQA1, DQA2 + 3 and DQB MHC II genes. The frequencies of MHC I and MHC II haplotypes and alleles were determined in susceptible and resistant populations. In unvaccinated animals, seven MHC I haplotypes and seven MHC II haplotypes were associated with susceptibility while two MHC I and six MHC II haplotypes were associated with resistance (P < 0.05). In vaccinated animals, two MHC I and three MHC II haplotypes were associated with susceptibility, while one MHC I and two MHC II haplotypes were associated with resistance (P < 0.05). The alleles in significant haplotypes were also identified. Case definitions with higher stringency resulted in fewer animals being included in the analyses, but the power to detect an association was not reduced and there was an increase in strength and consistency of associations. Consistent use of stringent case definitions is likely to improve agreement in future association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel A Garcia
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter C Thomson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Aaron J Thomas
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Christopher J Davies
- Department of Animal, Dairy and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Jenny-Ann L M L Toribio
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Richard J Whittington
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
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16
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Mwebaza I, Shaw R, Li Q, Fletcher S, Achkar JM, Harding CV, Carpenter SM, Boom WH. Impact of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glycolipids on the CD4+ T Cell-Macrophage Immunological Synapse. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:1385-1396. [PMID: 37695687 PMCID: PMC10579150 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis cell-wall glycolipids such as mannosylated lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) can inhibit murine CD4+ T cells by blocking TCR signaling. This results in suppression of IL-2 production, reduced T cell proliferation, and induction of CD4+ T cell anergy. This study extended these findings to the interaction between primary human CD4+ T cells and macrophages infected by mycobacteria. Exposure of human CD4+ T cells to ManLAM before activation resulted in loss of polyfunctionality, as measured by IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α expression, and reduced CD25 expression. This was not associated with upregulation of inhibitory receptors CTLA-4, PD-1, TIM-3, and Lag-3. By confocal microscopy and imaging flow cytometry, ManLAM exposure reduced conjugate formation between macrophages and CD4+ T cells. ManLAM colocalized to the immunological synapse (IS) and reduced translocation of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (LCK) to the IS. When CD4+ T cells and Mycobacterium bovis BCG-infected monocytes were cocultured, ManLAM colocalized to CD4+ T cells, which formed fewer conjugates with infected monocytes. These results demonstrate that mycobacterial cell-wall glycolipids such as ManLAM can traffic from infected macrophages to disrupt productive IS formation and inhibit CD4+ T cell activation, contributing to immune evasion by M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mwebaza
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Rachel Shaw
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Shane Fletcher
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - Clifford V. Harding
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Stephen M. Carpenter
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - W. Henry Boom
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
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17
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De-Leon-Lopez YS, Thompson ME, Kean JJ, Flaherty RA. The PI3K-Akt pathway is a multifaceted regulator of the macrophage response to diverse group B Streptococcus isolates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1258275. [PMID: 37928185 PMCID: PMC10622663 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1258275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS), also known as Streptococcus agalactiae, is a common member of the microbial flora in healthy individuals. However, problems may arise when GBS-colonized mothers become pregnant. GBS may be transferred from a colonized mother to her newborn or developing fetus, which may result in complications such as miscarriage, pre-term birth, meningitis, pneumonia, or sepsis. Macrophages play an especially important role in the fetal and newborn response to GBS due to the limited development of the adaptive immune system early in life. The goal of this study was to expand what is currently known about how GBS manipulates macrophage cell signaling to evade the immune system and cause disease. To this end, we investigated whether the PI3K-Akt pathway was involved in several key aspects of the macrophage response to GBS. We explored whether certain GBS strains, such as sequence type (ST)-17 strains, rely on this pathway for the more rapid macrophage uptake they induce compared to other GBS strains. Our findings suggest that this pathway is, indeed, important for macrophage uptake of GBS. Consistent with these findings, we used immunofluorescence microscopy to demonstrate that more virulent strains of GBS induce more actin projections in macrophages than less virulent strains. Additionally, we explored whether PI3K-Akt signaling impacted the ability of GBS to survive within macrophages after phagocytosis and whether this pathway influenced the survival rate of macrophages themselves following GBS infection. The PI3K-Akt pathway was found to promote the survival of both macrophages and intracellular GBS following infection. We also observed that inhibition of the PI3K-Akt pathway significantly reduced GBS-mediated activation of NFκB, which is a key regulator of cell survival and inflammatory responses. Overall, these insights into strain-dependent GBS-mediated manipulation of the PI3K-Akt pathway and its downstream targets in infected macrophages may provide new insights for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic tools to combat severe GBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rebecca A. Flaherty
- Department of Biology and Health Science, Aquinas College, Grand Rapids, MI, United States
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18
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Zihad SNK, Sifat N, Islam MA, Monjur-Al-Hossain A, Sikdar KYK, Sarker MMR, Shilpi JA, Uddin SJ. Role of pattern recognition receptors in sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20636. [PMID: 37842564 PMCID: PMC10570006 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the major invasive intracellular pathogens causing most deaths by a single infectious agent. The interaction between host immune cells and this pathogen is the focal point of the disease, Tuberculosis. Host immune cells not only mount the protective action against this pathogen but also serve as the primary niche for growth. Thus, recognition of this pathogen by host immune cells and following signaling cascades are key dictators of the disease state. Immune cells, mainly belonging to myeloid cell lineage, recognize a wide variety of Mycobacterium tuberculosis ligands ranging from carbohydrate and lipids to proteins to nucleic acids by different membrane-bound and soluble pattern recognition receptors. Simultaneous interaction between different host receptors and pathogen ligands leads to immune-inflammatory response as well as contributes to virulence. This review summarizes the contribution of pattern recognition receptors of host immune cells in recognizing Mycobacterium tuberculosis and subsequent initiation of signaling pathways to provide the molecular insight of the specific Mtb ligands interacting with specific PRR, key adaptor molecules of the downstream signaling pathways and the resultant effector functions which will aid in identifying novel drug targets, and developing novel drugs and adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazifa Sifat
- Department of Pharmacy, ASA University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Gono University, Nolam, Mirzanagar, Savar, Dhaka 1344, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A. Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
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Kawka M, Płocińska R, Płociński P, Pawełczyk J, Słomka M, Gatkowska J, Dzitko K, Dziadek B, Dziadek J. The functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages to serum amyloid A and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1238132. [PMID: 37781389 PMCID: PMC10540855 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1238132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction In the course of tuberculosis (TB), the level of major acute phase protein, namely serum amyloid A (hSAA-1), increases up to a hundredfold in the pleural fluids of infected individuals. Tubercle bacilli infecting the human host can be opsonized by hSAA-1, which affects bacterial entry into human macrophages and their intracellular multiplication. Methods We applied global RNA sequencing to evaluate the functional response of human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), isolated from healthy blood donors, under elevated hSAA-1 conditions and during infection with nonopsonized and hSAA-1-opsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). In the same infection model, we also examined the functional response of mycobacteria to the intracellular environment of macrophages in the presence and absence of hSAA-1. The RNASeq analysis was validated using qPCR. The functional response of MDMs to hSAA-1 and/or tubercle bacilli was also evaluated for selected cytokines at the protein level by applying the Milliplex system. Findings Transcriptomes of MDMs cultured in the presence of hSAA-1 or infected with Mtb showed a high degree of similarity for both upregulated and downregulated genes involved mainly in processes related to cell division and immune response, respectively. Among the most induced genes, across both hSAA-1 and Mtb infection conditions, CXCL8, CCL15, CCL5, IL-1β, and receptors for IL-7 and IL-2 were identified. We also observed the same pattern of upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, IL-23, and IL-1) and downregulated anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, TGFβ, and antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin) in the hSAA-1 treated-MDMs or the phagocytes infected with tubercle bacilli. At this early stage of infection, Mtb genes affected by the inside microenvironment of MDMs are strictly involved in iron scavenging, adaptation to hypoxia, low pH, and increasing levels of CO2. The genes for the synthesis and transport of virulence lipids, but not cholesterol/fatty acid degradation, were also upregulated. Conclusion Elevated serum hSAA-1 levels in tuberculosis enhance the response of host phagocytes to infection, including macrophages that have not yet been in contact with mycobacteria. SAA induces antigen processing and presentation processes by professional phagocytes reversing the inhibition caused by Mtb infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Kawka
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Renata Płocińska
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Jakub Pawełczyk
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Słomka
- Biobank Lab, Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Gatkowska
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Dzitko
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Dziadek
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dziadek
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
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20
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Kaushal D, Singh DK, Mehra S. Immune Responses in Lung Granulomas during Mtb/HIV Co-Infection: Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Pathogens 2023; 12:1120. [PMID: 37764928 PMCID: PMC10534770 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV and TB are the cause of significant worldwide mortality and pose a grave danger to the global public health. TB is the leading cause of death in HIV-infected persons, with one in four deaths attributable to TB. While the majority of healthy individuals infected with M. tuberculosis (Mtb) are able to control the infection, co-infection with HIV increases the risk of TB infection progressing to TB disease by over 20-fold. While antiretroviral therapy (ART), the cornerstone of HIV care, decreases the incidence of TB in HIV-uninfected people, this remains 4- to 7-fold higher after ART in HIV-co-infected individuals in TB-endemic settings, regardless of the duration of therapy. Thus, the immune control of Mtb infection in Mtb/HIV-co-infected individuals is not fully restored by ART. We do not fully understand the reasons why Mtb/HIV-co-infected individuals maintain a high susceptibility to the reactivation of LTBI, despite an effective viral control by ART. A deep understanding of the molecular mechanisms that govern HIV-induced reactivation of TB is essential to develop improved treatments and vaccines for the Mtb/HIV-co-infected population. We discuss potential strategies for the mitigation of the observed chronic immune activation in combination with both anti-TB and anti-retroviral approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Smriti Mehra
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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21
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Pongma C, Songthammanuphap S, Puthong S, Buakeaw A, Prammananan T, Warit S, Tipkantha W, Kaewkhunjob E, Jairak W, Kongmakee P, Pabutta C, Sripiboon S, Yindeeyoungyeon W, Palaga T. Using whole blood cultures in interferon gamma release assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288161. [PMID: 37498897 PMCID: PMC10374124 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Elephants are susceptible to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) complex (MTBC) infections. Diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is difficult, and most approaches used for human TB diagnosis are not applicable. An interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) to diagnose TB in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been previously developed. Although the assay is shown to be valid in determining MTBC infection status, the laborious PBMC isolation process makes it difficult to use. In this study, we simplified the method by using whole blood cultures (WC) as the starting material. Using PBMC cultures for IGRA, the MTBC infection status of 15 elephants was first confirmed. Among these animals, one has been previously confirmed for M. tb infection by both TB culture and PCR and the other was confirmed for MTBC infection in this study by droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method. WC for IGRA consisted of an unstimulated sample, a mitogen stimulated sample, and sample stimulated with recombinant M. tb antigens, ESAT6 and CFP10. Using WC for IGRA in the 15 enrolled elephants, the results showed that 7 out of 15 samples yielded MTBC infection positive status that were completely concordant with those from the results using PBMCs. To test this method, WC for IGRA were applied in another elephant cohort of 9 elephants. The results from this cohort revealed a perfect match between the results from PBMC and WC. Responses to ESAT6 or CFP10 by PBMC and WC were not completely concordant, arguing for the use of at least two M. tb antigens for stimulation. Given the ease of sample handling, smaller blood sample volumes and equivalent efficacy relative to the PBMC approach, using WC for IGRA provides a novel, rapid, and user-friendly TB diagnostic method for determining the MTBC infection in elephants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitsuda Pongma
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Songchan Puthong
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anumart Buakeaw
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Therdsak Prammananan
- The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Saradee Warit
- The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Wanlaya Tipkantha
- Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Erngsiri Kaewkhunjob
- Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Waleemas Jairak
- Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piyaporn Kongmakee
- Bureau of Conservation and Research, Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Choenkwan Pabutta
- Elephant Kingdom Project, Zoological Park Organization of Thailand, Surin, Thailand
| | - Supaphen Sripiboon
- Department of Large Animals and Wildlife Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wandee Yindeeyoungyeon
- The National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Center of Excellence in Immunology and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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22
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Arredondo-Hernández R, Schcolnik-Cabrera A, Orduña P, Juárez-López D, Varela-Salinas T, López-Vidal Y. Identification of peptides presented through the MHC-II of dendritic cells stimulated with Mycobacterium avium. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152416. [PMID: 37429053 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium (M. avium) represents a species of concern, because of its ability to modulate the host's innate immune response, and therefore influence trajectory of adaptative immunity. Since eradicative response against mycobacteria, and M. tuberculosis/M. avium, relies on peptides actively presented on a Major Histocompatibility complex-II (MHC-II) context, we assessed paradoxical stimulation of Dendritic Cell resulting on immature immunophenotype characterized by membrane minor increase of MHC-II and CD40 despite of high expression of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatants. Identification of M. avium leucine rich peptides forming short α-helices shutting down Type 1T helper (Th1), contribute to the understanding of immune evasion of an increasingly prevalent pathogen, and may provide a basis for future immunotherapy to infectious and non-infectious disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- René Arredondo-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Schcolnik-Cabrera
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Orduña
- Laboratorio de Microbioma, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Daniel Juárez-López
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Tania Varela-Salinas
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Yolanda López-Vidal
- Programa de Inmunología Molecular Microbiana, Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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23
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Sengupta S, Pattanaik KP, Mishra S, Sonawane A. Epigenetic orchestration of host immune defences by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127400. [PMID: 37196490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Being among the top 10 causes of adult deaths, tuberculosis (TB) disease is considered a major global public health concern to address. The human tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an extremely competent and well-versed pathogen that promotes pathogenesis by evading the host immune systems through numerous tactics. Investigations revealed that Mtb could evade the host defense mechanisms by reconfiguring the host gene transcription and causing epigenetic changes. Although results indicate the link between epigenetics and disease manifestation in other bacterial infections, little is known regarding the kinetics of the epigenetic alterations in mycobacterial infection. This literature review discusses the studies in Mtb-induced epigenetic alterations inside the host and its contribution in the host immune evasion strategies. It also discusses how the Mtb-induced alterations could be used as 'epibiomarkers' to diagnose TB. Additionally, this review also discusses therapeutic interventions to be enhanced through remodification by 'epidrugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabasti Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Kali Prasad Pattanaik
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institutes of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India.
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24
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Azevedo-Pereira JM, Pires D, Calado M, Mandal M, Santos-Costa Q, Anes E. HIV/Mtb Co-Infection: From the Amplification of Disease Pathogenesis to an “Emerging Syndemic”. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11040853. [PMID: 37110276 PMCID: PMC10142195 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11040853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) are pathogens responsible for millions of new infections each year; together, they cause high morbidity and mortality worldwide. In addition, late-stage HIV infection increases the risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) by a factor of 20 in latently infected people, and even patients with controlled HIV infection on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a fourfold increased risk of developing TB. Conversely, Mtb infection exacerbates HIV pathogenesis and increases the rate of AIDS progression. In this review, we discuss this reciprocal amplification of HIV/Mtb coinfection and how they influence each other’s pathogenesis. Elucidating the infectious cofactors that impact on pathogenesis may open doors for the design of new potential therapeutic strategies to control disease progression, especially in contexts where vaccines or the sterile clearance of pathogens are not effectively available.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Azevedo-Pereira
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-P.); (E.A.)
| | - David Pires
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Estrada Octávio Pato, 2635-631 Rio de Mouro, Portugal
| | - Marta Calado
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manoj Mandal
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Quirina Santos-Costa
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Elsa Anes
- Host-Pathogen Interactions Unit, Research Institute for Medicines, iMed-ULisboa, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.M.A.-P.); (E.A.)
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25
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Zhang C, Yang Z, Luo P, Li T, Wang S, Sun F, Gong P, Mei B. Association of TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms with cervical HR-HPV infection status in Chinese Han population. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:152. [PMID: 36915050 PMCID: PMC10012518 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08116-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toll-like receptors (TLRs) may be involved in the natural history of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. In our study, we aimed to investigate the association of TLR4 (rs10116253, rs1927911, rs10759931) and TLR9 (rs187084, rs352140) gene polymorphisms with cervical persistent high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection, as well as multiple HR-HPV infections. METHODS A total of 269 study subjects were enrolled and grouped by retrospectively analyzing the HR-HPV testing results and other clinical data of 2647 gynecological outpatients from Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University. We conducted a case-control study to compare the role of TLR4/TLR9 gene polymorphisms between HR-HPV transient and persistent infections, as well as between HR-HPV single and multiple infections. HR-HPV genotypes were detected using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to determine TLR4 and TLR9 gene polymorphisms. Analyses of the different outcome variables (HR-HPV infection status and time for HR-HPV clearance) with respect to TLR4/TLR9 polymorphisms were carried out. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association of TLR4/TLR9 genotypes and alleles with HR-HPV infection status. The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used to analyze the relationship between TLR4/TLR9 genotypes and the time for HR-HPV clearance. RESULTS The mutant genotypes of TLR9 rs187084 and rs352140 were associated with persistent (rs187084: CT and CT+CC; rs352140: CT and CT+TT) and multiple (rs187084: CT and CT+CC; rs352140: CT+TT) (all P < 0.05) HR-HPV infection. However, no association was found between TLR4 polymorphisms and HR-HPV infection status. Kaplan-Meier time to HR-HPV clearance analysis demonstrated that women carrying rs187084 and rs352140 mutant genotypes take longer duration to clear HR-HPV infection compared with wild-type genotype carriers (P1 = 0.012; P2 = 0.031). CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TLR9 polymorphisms, but not TLR4, were associated with cervical persistent and multiple HR-HPV infections, which could be useful as a potential predictor of HR-HPV infection status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Sutong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Fenglan Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Gong
- Department of Pathology, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China
| | - Bing Mei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jingzhou Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, 434020, Hubei, China.
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D'Souza C, Kishore U, Tsolaki AG. The PE-PPE Family of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Proteins in Disguise. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152321. [PMID: 36805109 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2022.152321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has thrived in parallel with humans for millennia, and despite our efforts, M. tuberculosis continues to plague us, currently infecting a third of the world's population. The success of M. tuberculosis has recently been attributed, in part, to the PE-PPE family; a unique collection of 168 proteins fundamentally involved in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis. The PE-PPE family proteins have been at the forefront of intense research efforts since their discovery in 1998 and whilst our knowledge and understanding has significantly advanced over the last two decades, many important questions remain to be elucidated. This review consolidates and examines the vast body of existing literature regarding the PE-PPE family proteins, with respect to the latest developments in elucidating their evolution, structure, subcellular localisation, function, and immunogenicity. This review also highlights significant inconsistencies and contradictions within the field. Additionally, possible explanations for these knowledge gaps are explored. Lastly, this review poses many important questions, which need to be addressed to complete our understanding of the PE-PPE family, as well as highlighting the challenges associated with studying this enigmatic family of proteins. Further research into the PE-PPE family, together with technological advancements in genomics and proteomics, will undoubtedly improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, as well as identify key targets/candidates for the development of novel drugs, diagnostics, and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D'Souza
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - Uday Kishore
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom.
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27
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Sánchez-Barinas CD, Vergara-Vanegas V, Gamboa-Hernández CM, Ocampo M, Cuello-Oliveros A, Patarroyo MA, Patarroyo ME. Peptide-pulsed dendritic cells' immunomodulating effect regarding Mycobacterium tuberculosis growth in macrophages. Immunobiology 2023; 228:152346. [PMID: 36805110 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2023.152346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is one of the most successful pathogens affecting humans, being the main cause of tuberculosis. It accounts for most infectious agent-related deaths worldwide; it has been estimated that a third of the world's population are bacillus carriers. This pathogen's evolutionary adaptation is mainly due to its ability to block a host's immune system by preventing it using an effective immune response in cases of active tuberculosis. Peptide-based synthetic vaccines represent an alternative for counteracting tuberculosis; however, although peptide antigens can be identified, they are not recognised by a host's immune system. An approach using dendritic cells as immunomodulating agents for increasing synthetic peptides' antigenic capacity has thus been advanced. Dendritic cells obtained from IL to 4- and GM-CSF-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pulsed with synthetic Mtb protein peptides which have been reported as participating in mycobacteria-host interactions; their amino acid sequences were modified to improve MHC-II coupling and thus increase their recognition by a host's immune system. pMHC-II/TCR interaction triggered a lymphocyte response which controlled Mtb intracellular growth in infected macrophages. This work has been aimed at contributing to understanding dendritic cells' role in Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein peptide antigen presentation, thereby increasing individuals' immune response as a means of controlling the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian D Sánchez-Barinas
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | | | - Marisol Ocampo
- Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas, Carrera 3 # 26A - 40, postcode: 110311, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Angela Cuello-Oliveros
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel A Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Manuel E Patarroyo
- Fundación Instituto de Inmunología de Colombia (FIDIC), Carrera 50 No. 26-20, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 No. 26-85, postcode: 111321, Bogotá, Colombia
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28
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Role of C-terminal domain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE6 (Rv0335c) protein in host mitochondrial stress and macrophage apoptosis. Apoptosis 2023; 28:136-165. [PMID: 36258102 PMCID: PMC9579591 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01778-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
PE/PPE proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) target the host organelles to dictate the outcome of infection. This study investigated the significance of PE6/Rv0335c protein's unique C-terminal in causing host mitochondrial perturbations and apoptosis. In-silico analysis revealed that similar to eukaryotic apoptotic Bcl2 proteins, Rv0335c had disordered, hydrophobic C-terminal and two BH3-like motifs in which one was located at C-terminal. Also, Rv0335c's N terminal had mitochondrial targeting sequence. Since, C-terminal of Bcl2 proteins are crucial for mitochondria targeting and apoptosis; it became relevant to evaluate the role of Rv0335c's C-terminal domain in modulating host mitochondrial functions and apoptosis. To confirm this, in-vitro experiments were conducted with Rv0335c whole protein and Rv0335c∆Cterm (C-terminal domain deleted Rv0335c) protein. Rv0335c∆Cterm caused significant reduction in mitochondrial perturbations and Caspase-mediated apoptosis of THP1 macrophages in comparison to Rv0335c. However, the deletion of C-terminal domain didn't affect Rv0335c's ability to localize to mitochondria. Nine Ca2+ binding residues were predicted within Rv0335c and four of them were at the C-terminal. In-vitro studies confirmed that Rv0335c caused significant increase in intracellular calcium influx whereas Rv0335c∆Cterm had insignificant effect on Ca2+ influx. Rv0335c has been reported to be a TLR4 agonist and, we observed a significant reduction in the expression of TLR4-HLA-DR-TNF-α in response to Rv0335c∆Cterm protein also suggesting the role of Rv0335c's C-terminal domain in host-pathogen interaction. These findings indicate the possibility of Rv0335c as a molecular mimic of eukaryotic Bcl2 proteins which equips it to cause host mitochondrial perturbations and apoptosis that may facilitate pathogen persistence.
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Poladian N, Orujyan D, Narinyan W, Oganyan AK, Navasardyan I, Velpuri P, Chorbajian A, Venketaraman V. Role of NF-κB during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021772. [PMID: 36675296 PMCID: PMC9865913 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) causes tuberculosis infection in humans worldwide, especially among immunocompromised populations and areas of the world with insufficient funding for tuberculosis treatment. Specifically, M. tb is predominantly exhibited as a latent infection, which poses a greater risk of reactivation for infected individuals. It has been previously shown that M. tb infection requires pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators to manage its associated granuloma formation via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-12 (IL-12), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and caseum formation via IL-10, respectively. Nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) has been found to play a unique mediator role in providing a pro-inflammatory response to chronic inflammatory disease processes by promoting the activation of macrophages and the release of various cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α. NF-κB's role is especially interesting in its mechanism of assisting the immune system's defense against M. tb, wherein NF-κB induces IL-2 receptors (IL-2R) to decrease the immune response, but has also been shown to crucially assist in keeping a granuloma and bacterial load contained. In order to understand NF-κB's role in reducing M. tb infection, within this literature review we will discuss the dynamic interaction between M. tb and NF-κB, with a focus on the intracellular signaling pathways and the possible side effects of NF-κB inactivation on M. tb infection. Through a thorough review of these interactions, this review aims to highlight the role of NF-κB in M. tb infection for the purpose of better understanding the complex immune response to M. tb infection and to uncover further potential therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Poladian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Davit Orujyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - William Narinyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Armani K. Oganyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Ave, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Inesa Navasardyan
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Prathosh Velpuri
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Abraham Chorbajian
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-706-3736
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Corrigan DT, Ishida E, Chatterjee D, Lowary TL, Achkar JM. Monoclonal antibodies to lipoarabinomannan/arabinomannan - characteristics and implications for tuberculosis research and diagnostics. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:22-35. [PMID: 35918247 PMCID: PMC9771891 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to the mycobacterial surface lipoglycan lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its related capsular polysaccharide arabinomannan (AM) are increasingly important for investigations focused on both understanding mechanisms of protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and developing next-generation point-of-care tuberculosis (TB) diagnostics. We provide here an overview of the growing pipeline of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to LAM/AM. Old and new methodologies for their generation are reviewed and we outline and discuss their glycan epitope specificity and other features with implications for the TB field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin T Corrigan
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Elise Ishida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Delphi Chatterjee
- Mycobacteria Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Todd L Lowary
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacqueline M Achkar
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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31
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Nishimura N, Tomiyasu N, Torigoe S, Mizuno S, Fukano H, Ishikawa E, Katano H, Hoshino Y, Matsuo K, Takahashi M, Izumi Y, Bamba T, Akashi K, Yamasaki S. Mycobacterial mycolic acids trigger inhibitory receptor Clec12A to suppress host immune responses. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 138:102294. [PMID: 36542980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2022.102294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacteria often cause chronic infection. To establish persistence in the host, mycobacteria need to evade host immune responses. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the evasion strategy are not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that mycobacterial cell wall lipids trigger an inhibitory receptor to suppress host immune responses. Mycolic acids are major cell wall components and are essential for survival of mycobacteria. By screening inhibitory receptors that react with mycobacterial lipids, we found that mycolic acids from various mycobacterial species bind to mouse Clec12A, and more potently to human Clec12A. Clec12A is a conserved inhibitory C-type lectin receptor containing immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM). Innate immune responses, such as MCP-1 production, and PPD-specific recall T cell responses were augmented in Clec12A-deficient mice after infection. In contrast, human Clec12A transgenic mice were susceptible to infection with M. tuberculosis. These results suggest that mycobacteria dampen host immune responses by hijacking an inhibitory host receptor through their specific and essential lipids, mycolic acids. The blockade of this interaction might provide a therapeutic option for the treatment or prevention of mycobacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Nishimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Tomiyasu
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Shota Torigoe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan; Management Department of Biosafety, Laboratory Animal, and Pathogen Bank, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoru Mizuno
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Hanako Fukano
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Eri Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harutaka Katano
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hoshino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsuo
- Research and Development Department, Japan BCG Laboratory, Tokyo, 204-0022, Japan
| | - Masatomo Takahashi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Izumi
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Bamba
- Department of Systems Life Sciences, Graduate School of Systems Life Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan; Division of Metabolomics, Medical Research Center for High Depth Omics, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Sho Yamasaki
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University (CiDER), Suita, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, 260-8673, Japan; Division of Molecular Design, Research Center for Systems Immunology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Shi H, Doench JG, Chi H. CRISPR screens for functional interrogation of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2022:10.1038/s41577-022-00802-4. [DOI: 10.1038/s41577-022-00802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Correia-Neves M, Nigou J, Mousavian Z, Sundling C, Källenius G. Immunological hyporesponsiveness in tuberculosis: The role of mycobacterial glycolipids. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1035122. [PMID: 36544778 PMCID: PMC9761185 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1035122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycolipids constitute a major part of the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). They are potent immunomodulatory molecules recognized by several immune receptors like pattern recognition receptors such as TLR2, DC-SIGN and Dectin-2 on antigen-presenting cells and by T cell receptors on T lymphocytes. The Mtb glycolipids lipoarabinomannan (LAM) and its biosynthetic relatives, phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs) and lipomannan (LM), as well as other Mtb glycolipids, such as phenolic glycolipids and sulfoglycolipids have the ability to modulate the immune response, stimulating or inhibiting a pro-inflammatory response. We explore here the downmodulating effect of Mtb glycolipids. A great proportion of the studies used in vitro approaches although in vivo infection with Mtb might also lead to a dampening of myeloid cell and T cell responses to Mtb glycolipids. This dampened response has been explored ex vivo with immune cells from peripheral blood from Mtb-infected individuals and in mouse models of infection. In addition to the dampening of the immune response caused by Mtb glycolipids, we discuss the hyporesponse to Mtb glycolipids caused by prolonged Mtb infection and/or exposure to Mtb antigens. Hyporesponse to LAM has been observed in myeloid cells from individuals with active and latent tuberculosis (TB). For some myeloid subsets, this effect is stronger in latent versus active TB. Since the immune response in individuals with latent TB represents a more protective profile compared to the one in patients with active TB, this suggests that downmodulation of myeloid cell functions by Mtb glycolipids may be beneficial for the host and protect against active TB disease. The mechanisms of this downmodulation, including tolerance through epigenetic modifications, are only partly explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida Correia-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal,Life and Health Sciences Research Institute/Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics Research Group (ICVS/3B's), Portuguese (PT) Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Portugal,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jérôme Nigou
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Zaynab Mousavian
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Sundling
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Källenius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,*Correspondence: Gunilla Källenius,
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34
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Park HE, Lee W, Choi S, Jung M, Shin MK, Shin SJ. Modulating macrophage function to reinforce host innate resistance against Mycobacterium avium complex infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:931876. [PMID: 36505429 PMCID: PMC9730288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.931876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is the main causative agent of infectious diseases in humans among nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) that are ubiquitous organisms found in environmental media such as soil as well as in domestic and natural waters. MAC is a primary causative agent of NTM-lung disease that threaten immunocompromised or structural lung disease patients. The incidence and the prevalence of M. tuberculosis infection have been reduced, while MAC infections and mortality rates have increased, making it a cause of global health concern. The emergence of drug resistance and the side effects of long-term drug use have led to a poor outcome of treatment regimens against MAC infections. Therefore, the development of host-directed therapy (HDT) has recently gained interest, aiming to accelerate mycobacterial clearance and reversing lung damage by employing the immune system using a novel adjuvant strategy to improve the clinical outcome of MAC infection. Therefore, in this review, we discuss the innate immune responses that contribute to MAC infection focusing on macrophages, chief innate immune cells, and host susceptibility factors in patients. We also discuss potential HDTs that can act on the signaling pathway of macrophages, thereby contributing to antimycobacterial activity as a part of the innate immune response during MAC infection. Furthermore, this review provides new insights into MAC infection control that modulates and enhances macrophage function, promoting host antimicrobial activity in response to potential HDTs and thus presenting a deeper understanding of the interactions between macrophages and MACs during infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Eui Park
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Wonsik Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sangwon Choi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea,*Correspondence: Min-Kyoung Shin, ; Sung Jae Shin,
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology and Immunological Disease, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea,*Correspondence: Min-Kyoung Shin, ; Sung Jae Shin,
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35
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Singh S, Maurya SK, Aqdas M, Bashir H, Arora A, Bhalla V, Agrewala JN. Mycobacterium tuberculosis exploits MPT64 to generate myeloid-derived suppressor cells to evade the immune system. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:567. [DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Nisa A, Kipper FC, Panigrahy D, Tiwari S, Kupz A, Subbian S. Different modalities of host cell death and their impact on Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1444-C1474. [PMID: 36189975 PMCID: PMC9662802 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00246.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the pathogen that causes tuberculosis (TB), a leading infectious disease of humans worldwide. One of the main histopathological hallmarks of TB is the formation of granulomas comprised of elaborately organized aggregates of immune cells containing the pathogen. Dissemination of Mtb from infected cells in the granulomas due to host and mycobacterial factors induces multiple cell death modalities in infected cells. Based on molecular mechanism, morphological characteristics, and signal dependency, there are two main categories of cell death: programmed and nonprogrammed. Programmed cell death (PCD), such as apoptosis and autophagy, is associated with a protective response to Mtb by keeping the bacteria encased within dead macrophages that can be readily phagocytosed by arriving in uninfected or neighboring cells. In contrast, non-PCD necrotic cell death favors the pathogen, resulting in bacterial release into the extracellular environment. Multiple types of cell death in the PCD category, including pyroptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, ETosis, parthanatos, and PANoptosis, may be involved in Mtb infection. Since PCD pathways are essential for host immunity to Mtb, therapeutic compounds targeting cell death signaling pathways have been experimentally tested for TB treatment. This review summarizes different modalities of Mtb-mediated host cell deaths, the molecular mechanisms underpinning host cell death during Mtb infection, and its potential implications for host immunity. In addition, targeting host cell death pathways as potential therapeutic and preventive approaches against Mtb infection is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annuurun Nisa
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Franciele C Kipper
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dipak Panigrahy
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sangeeta Tiwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Border Biomedical Research Center (BBRC), University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Andreas Kupz
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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37
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Lin D, Xu W, Hong P, Wu C, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Xing L, Yang B, Zhou W, Xiao Q, Wang J, Wang C, He Y, Chen X, Cao X, Man J, Reheman A, Wu X, Hao X, Hu Z, Chen C, Cao Z, Yin R, Fu ZF, Zhou R, Teng Z, Li G, Cao G. Decoding the spatial chromatin organization and dynamic epigenetic landscapes of macrophage cells during differentiation and immune activation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5857. [PMID: 36195603 PMCID: PMC9532393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunocytes dynamically reprogram their gene expression profiles during differentiation and immunoresponse. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we develop a single-cell Hi-C method and systematically delineate the 3D genome and dynamic epigenetic atlas of macrophages during these processes. We propose "degree of disorder" to measure genome organizational patterns inside topologically-associated domains, which is correlated with the chromatin epigenetic states, gene expression, and chromatin structure variability in individual cells. Furthermore, we identify that NF-κB initiates systematic chromatin conformation reorganization upon Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. The integrated Hi-C, eQTL, and GWAS analysis depicts the atlas of the long-range target genes of mycobacterial disease susceptible loci. Among these, the SNP rs1873613 is located in the anchor of a dynamic chromatin loop with LRRK2, whose inhibitor AdoCbl could be an anti-tuberculosis drug candidate. Our study provides comprehensive resources for the 3D genome structure of immunocytes and sheds insights into the order of genome organization and the coordinated gene transcription during immunoresponse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Bio-Medicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weize Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Hong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, 3D Genomics Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengchao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingyu Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Bio-Medicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Bio-Medicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Cong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu He
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangwei Man
- College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Aikebaier Reheman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Tarim University, Alar, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingjie Hao
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Zimeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Bio-Medicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze River University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Rong Yin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen F Fu
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Rong Zhou
- Dapartment of Reproductive Medicine Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaowei Teng
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,Agricultural Bioinformatics Key Laboratory of Hubei Province, Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Agricultural Big Data, 3D Genomics Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Gang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China. .,College of Bio-Medicine and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
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Bhatt P, Sharma M, Prakash Sharma P, Rathi B, Sharma S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis dormancy regulon proteins Rv2627c and Rv2628 as Toll like receptor agonist and as potential adjuvant. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109238. [PMID: 36116151 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During latency, DosR proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) get activated and help the bacterium to remain dormant. We have shown earlier that 2 such proteins Rv2627c and Rv2628 are immunogenic and induce a TH1 kind of immune response. In this study, through in-vitro experiments we have confirmed that Rv2627c and Rv2628 proteins act as protein Toll-Like Receptor (TLR) agonist-adjuvant. Rv2627c and Rv2628 stimulated THP-1 macrophages showed an increased expression of TLR2, TLR4 and co-stimulatory molecules CD40, CD80, CD86 and antigen presenting molecule HLA-DR. Further studies also found enhanced expression of downstream signaling molecules of TLR activation like MyD88, NF-κB-p65 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inhibition studies using TLR blocking antibodies decreased the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, MyD88, NF-κB-p65, and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Rv2627c and Rv2628 stimulation of HEK-TLR2 reporter cell line confirmed the interaction of these proteins with TLR2. Moreover, molecular docking and simulations of Rv2627c and Rv2628 proteins with TLR2 and TLR4 showed stable interactions. The adjuvant activity of Rv2628 was further validated by a protein adjuvanted with pre-clinically validated peptides as multi-epitope vaccine construct which showed good binding with TLR2 and TLR4 and activate dendritic cells and induce sustained pro-inflammatory cytokine response by C-ImmSim analysis. We propose that our vaccine construct will produce a better immune response than BCG and can be taken up as a post-exposure therapeutic subunit vaccine along with standard TB therapy. We also anticipate that our construct can be taken up as a protein adjuvant with other vaccine candidates as these can activate macrophages through TLR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Bhatt
- DSKC BioDiscovery Lab, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Monika Sharma
- DSKC BioDiscovery Lab, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Prem Prakash Sharma
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Brijesh Rathi
- Laboratory for Translational Chemistry and Drug Discovery, Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Sadhna Sharma
- DSKC BioDiscovery Lab, Department of Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India.
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Mir MA, Mir B, Kumawat M, Alkhanani M, Jan U. Manipulation and exploitation of host immune system by pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis for its advantage. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1171-1198. [PMID: 35924958 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can become a long-term infection by evading the host immune response. Coevolution of Mtb with humans has resulted in its ability to hijack the host's immune systems in a variety of ways. So far, every Mtb defense strategy is essentially dependent on a subtle balance that, if shifted, can promote Mtb proliferation in the host, resulting in disease progression. In this review, the authors summarize many important and previously unknown mechanisms by which Mtb evades the host immune response. Besides recently found strategies by which Mtb manipulates the host molecular regulatory machinery of innate and adaptive immunity, including the intranuclear regulatory machinery, costimulatory molecules, the ubiquitin system and cellular intrinsic immune components will be discussed. A holistic understanding of these immune-evasion mechanisms is of foremost importance for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis and will lead to new insights into tuberculosis pathogenesis and the development of more effective vaccines and treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manzoor A Mir
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Bilkees Mir
- Department of Biochemistry & Biochemical Engineering, SHUATS, Allahabad, UP, India
| | - Manoj Kumawat
- Department of Microbiology, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR)-NIREH, Bhopal, MP, India
| | - Mustfa Alkhanani
- Biology Department, College of Sciences, University of Hafr Al Batin, P. O. Box 1803, Hafar Al Batin, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulfat Jan
- Department of Bioresources, School of Biological Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
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40
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Vacariu CM, Tanner ME. Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Biological Applications of Peptidoglycan Fragments. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200788. [PMID: 35560956 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis, breakdown, and modification of peptidoglycan (PG) play vital roles in both bacterial viability and in the response of human physiology to bacterial infection. Studies on PG biochemistry are hampered by the fact that PG is an inhomogeneous insoluble macromolecule. Chemical synthesis is therefore an important means to obtain PG fragments that may serve as enzyme substrates and elicitors of the human immune response. This review outlines the recent advances in the synthesis and biochemical studies of PG fragments, PG biosynthetic intermediates (such as Park's nucleotides and PG lipids), and PG breakdown products (such as muramyl dipeptides and anhydro-muramic acid-containing fragments). A rich variety of synthetic approaches has been applied to preparing such compounds since carbohydrate, peptide, and phospholipid chemical methodologies must all be applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Condurache M Vacariu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Martin E Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z1, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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41
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Kim H, Shin SJ. Pathological and protective roles of dendritic cells in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: Interaction between host immune responses and pathogen evasion. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:891878. [PMID: 35967869 PMCID: PMC9366614 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.891878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are principal defense components that play multifactorial roles in translating innate immune responses to adaptive immunity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections. The heterogeneous nature of DC subsets follows their altered functions by interacting with other immune cells, Mtb, and its products, enhancing host defense mechanisms or facilitating pathogen evasion. Thus, a better understanding of the immune responses initiated, promoted, and amplified or inhibited by DCs in Mtb infection is an essential step in developing anti-tuberculosis (TB) control measures, such as host-directed adjunctive therapy and anti-TB vaccines. This review summarizes the recent advances in salient DC subsets, including their phenotypic classification, cytokine profiles, functional alterations according to disease stages and environments, and consequent TB outcomes. A comprehensive overview of the role of DCs from various perspectives enables a deeper understanding of TB pathogenesis and could be useful in developing DC-based vaccines and immunotherapies.
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42
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis PPE51 Inhibits Autophagy by Suppressing Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Signaling. mBio 2022; 13:e0297421. [PMID: 35467412 PMCID: PMC9239179 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02974-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an ubiquitous homeostatic pathway in mammalian cells and plays a significant role in host immunity. Substantial evidence indicates that the ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to successfully evade immune responses is partially due to inhibition of autophagic pathways. Our previous screening of Mtb transposon mutants identified the PPE51 protein as an important autophagy-inhibiting effector. We found that expression of PPE51, either by infecting bacteria or by direct expression in host cells, suppressed responses to potent autophagy-inducing stimuli and interfered with bacterial phagocytosis. This phenotype was associated with reduced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a key component of signaling pathways that stimulate autophagy. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrated that the effects of PPE51 are attributable to signal blocking by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a receptor with known involvement of activation of ERK1/2 and autophagy. Consistent with these results, mice with intact TLR2 signaling showed striking virulence attenuation for an Mtb ppe51 deletion mutant (Δ51) compared to wild-type Mtb, whereas infection of TLR2-deficient mice showed no such attenuation. Mice infected with Δ51 also displayed increased T cell responses to Mtb antigens and increased autophagy in infected lung tissues. Together, these results suggest that TLR2 activates relevant host immune functions during mycobacterial infection, which Mtb then evades through suppression of TLR2 signaling by PPE51. In addition to its previously identified function transporting substrates across the bacterial cell wall, our results demonstrate a direct role of PPE51 for evasion of both innate and adaptive immunity to Mtb.
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Mehaffy C, Ryan JM, Kruh-Garcia NA, Dobos KM. Extracellular Vesicles in Mycobacteria and Tuberculosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:912831. [PMID: 35719351 PMCID: PMC9204639 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.912831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a public health issue causing millions of infections every year. Of these, about 15% ultimately result in death. Efforts to control TB include development of new and more effective vaccines, novel and more effective drug treatments, and new diagnostics that test for both latent TB Infection and TB disease. All of these areas of research benefit from a good understanding of the physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the primary causative agent of TB. Mtb secreted protein antigens have been the focus of vaccine and diagnosis research for the past century. Recently, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as an important source of secreted antigens in Mtb has gained attention. Similarly, the discovery that host EVs can carry Mtb products during in vitro and in vivo infection has spiked interest because of its potential use in blood-based diagnostics. Despite advances in understanding the content of Mtb and Mtb-infected host extracellular vesicles, our understanding on the biogenesis and role of Mtb and host extracellular vesicles during Mtb infection is still nascent. Here, we explore the current literature on extracellular vesicles regarding Mtb, discuss the host and Mtb extracellular vesicles as distinct entities, and discuss current gaps in the field.
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Khan A, Zhang K, Singh VK, Mishra A, Kachroo P, Bing T, Won JH, Mani A, Papanna R, Mann LK, Ledezma-Campos E, Aguillon-Duran G, Canaday DH, David SA, Restrepo BI, Viet NN, Phan H, Graviss EA, Musser JM, Kaushal D, Gauduin MC, Jagannath C. Human M1 macrophages express unique innate immune response genes after mycobacterial infection to defend against tuberculosis. Commun Biol 2022; 5:480. [PMID: 35590096 PMCID: PMC9119986 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is responsible for approximately 1.5 million deaths each year. Though 10% of patients develop tuberculosis (TB) after infection, 90% of these infections are latent. Further, mice are nearly uniformly susceptible to Mtb but their M1-polarized macrophages (M1-MΦs) can inhibit Mtb in vitro, suggesting that M1-MΦs may be able to regulate anti-TB immunity. We sought to determine whether human MΦ heterogeneity contributes to TB immunity. Here we show that IFN-γ-programmed M1-MΦs degrade Mtb through increased expression of innate immunity regulatory genes (Inregs). In contrast, IL-4-programmed M2-polarized MΦs (M2-MΦs) are permissive for Mtb proliferation and exhibit reduced Inregs expression. M1-MΦs and M2-MΦs express pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine-chemokines, respectively, and M1-MΦs show nitric oxide and autophagy-dependent degradation of Mtb, leading to increased antigen presentation to T cells through an ATG-RAB7-cathepsin pathway. Despite Mtb infection, M1-MΦs show increased histone acetylation at the ATG5 promoter and pro-autophagy phenotypes, while increased histone deacetylases lead to decreased autophagy in M2-MΦs. Finally, Mtb-infected neonatal macaques express human Inregs in their lymph nodes and macrophages, suggesting that M1 and M2 phenotypes can mediate immunity to TB in both humans and macaques. We conclude that human MФ subsets show unique patterns of gene expression that enable differential control of TB after infection. These genes could serve as targets for diagnosis and immunotherapy of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kangling Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Vipul K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyanka Kachroo
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tian Bing
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jong Hak Won
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Arunmani Mani
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ramesha Papanna
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lovepreet K Mann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, UTHSC, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - David H Canaday
- Division of Infectious Disease, Case Western Reserve University Cleveland VA, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Sunil A David
- Virovax, LLC, Adjuvant Division, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Blanca I Restrepo
- UT School of Public Health, Brownsville, and STDOI, UT Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, USA
| | | | - Ha Phan
- Center for Promotion of Advancement of Society, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Edward A Graviss
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James M Musser
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Marie Claire Gauduin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Weill-Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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45
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Mishra A, Singh VK, Jagannath C, Subbian S, Restrepo BI, Gauduin MC, Khan A. Human Macrophages Exhibit GM-CSF Dependent Restriction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection via Regulating Their Self-Survival, Differentiation and Metabolism. Front Immunol 2022; 13:859116. [PMID: 35634283 PMCID: PMC9134823 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.859116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
GM-CSF is an important cytokine that regulates the proliferation of monocytes/macrophages and its various functions during health and disease. Although growing evidences support the notion that GM-CSF could play a major role in immunity against tuberculosis (TB) infection, the mechanism of GM-CSF mediated protective effect against TB remains largely unknown. Here in this study we examined the secreted levels of GM-CSF by human macrophages from different donors along with the GM-CSF dependent cellular processes that are critical for control of M. tuberculosis infection. While macrophage of different donors varied in their ability to produce GM-CSF, a significant correlation was observed between secreted levels of GM-CSF, survial of macrophages and intra-macrophage control of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli. GM-CSF levels secreted by macrophages negatively correlated with the intra-macrophage M. tuberculosis burden, survival of infected host macrophages positively correlated with their GM-CSF levels. GM-CSF-dependent prolonged survival of human macrophages also correlated with significantly decreased bacterial burden and increased expression of self-renewal/cell-survival associated genes such as BCL-2 and HSP27. Antibody-mediated depletion of GM-CSF in macrophages resulted in induction of significantly elevated levels of apoptotic/necrotic cell death and a simultaneous decrease in autophagic flux. Additionally, protective macrophages against M. tuberculosis that produced more GM-CSF, induced a stronger granulomatous response and produced significantly increased levels of IL-1β, IL-12 and IL-10 and decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-6. In parallel, macrophages isolated from the peripheral blood of active TB patients exhibited reduced capacity to control the intracellular growth of M. tuberculosis and produced significantly lower levels of GM-CSF. Remarkably, as compared to healthy controls, macrophages of active TB patients exhibited significantly altered metabolic state correlating with their GM-CSF secretion levels. Altogether, these results suggest that relative levels of GM-CSF produced by human macrophages plays a critical role in preventing cell death and maintaining a protective differentiation and metabolic state of the host cell against M. tuberculosis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Selvakumar Subbian
- Department of Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Public Health Research Institute, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Blanca I. Restrepo
- University of Texas School of Public Health, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Claire Gauduin
- Disease Intervention and Prevention, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
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46
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Rouanne M, Adam J, Radulescu C, Letourneur D, Bredel D, Mouraud S, Goubet AG, Leduc M, Chen N, Tan TZ, Signolle N, Bigorgne AE, Dussiot M, Tselikas L, Susini S, Danlos FX, Schneider AK, Chabanon RM, Vacher S, Bièche I, Lebret T, Allory Y, Soria JC, Arpaia N, Kroemer G, Kepp O, Thiery JP, Zitvogel L, Marabelle A. BCG therapy downregulates HLA-I on malignant cells to subvert antitumor immune responses in bladder cancer. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:145666. [PMID: 35503263 PMCID: PMC9197524 DOI: 10.1172/jci145666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with high-risk non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) frequently relapse after standard intravesical BCG therapy and may have a dismal outcome. Resistance mechanisms to such immunotherapy remain misunderstood. Here, using cancer cell lines, freshly resected human bladder tumors and cohorts of bladder cancer patients pre- and post-BCG therapy, we demonstrate two distinct patterns of immune subversion upon BCG relapse. In the first pattern, intracellular BCG infection of cancer cells induced a post-transcriptional downregulation of HLA-I membrane expression via an inhibition of the autophagy flux. Patients with HLA-I deficient cancer cells post-BCG therapy displayed a myeloid immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics and dismal outcomes. Conversely, patients with HLA-I proficient cancer cells post-BCG therapy presented with CD8+ T cell tumor infiltrates, upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules. Those patients had a very favorable outcome. We surmise that HLA-I expression in bladder cancers at relapse post-BCG does not result from immunoediting but rather from an immune subversion process directly induced by BCG on cancer cells, which predicts dismal prognosis. Cancer cells HLA-I scoring by immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining can be easily implemented by pathologists in routine practice in order to stratify future urothelial cancer patient treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julien Adam
- Inserm U1186, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Marion Leduc
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Noah Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, United States Minor Outlying Islands
| | - Tuan Zea Tan
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sophie Vacher
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Ivan Bièche
- Department of Genetics, Pharmacogenomics Unit, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | | | - Yves Allory
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Foch, Suresnes, France
| | | | - Nicholas Arpaia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University, New York City, United States Minor Outlying Islands
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Oliver Kepp
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | | | - Aurélien Marabelle
- Department of Therapeutic Innovation and Early Trials, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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Song S, Zhang Q, Yang H, Guo J, Xu M, Yang N, Yi J, Wang Z, Chen C. A combined application of molecular docking technology and indirect ELISA for the serodiagnosis of bovine tuberculosis. J Vet Sci 2022; 23:e50. [PMID: 35618322 PMCID: PMC9149502 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.21270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an urgent need to find reliable and rapid bovine tuberculosis (bTB) diagnostics in response to the rising prevalence of bTB worldwide. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes components of bTB and initiates antigen-presenting cells to mediate humoral immunity. Evaluating the affinity of antigens with TLR2 can form the basis of a new method for the diagnosis of bTB based on humoral immunity. OBJECTIVES To develop a reliable and rapid strategy to improve diagnostic tools for bTB. METHODS In this study, we expressed and purified the sixteen bTB-specific recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. The two antigenic proteins, MPT70 and MPT83, which were most valuable for serological diagnosis of bTB were screened. Molecular docking technology was used to analyze the affinity of MPT70, MPT83, dominant epitope peptide of MPT70 (M1), and dominant epitope peptide MPT83 (M2) with TLR2, combined with the detection results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate the molecular docking effect. RESULTS The results showed that interaction surface Cα-atom root mean square deviation of proteins (M1, M2, MPT70, MPT83)-TLR2 protein are less than 2.5 A, showing a high affinity. It is verified by clinical serum samples that MPT70, MPT83, MPT70-MPT83 showed good diagnostic potential for the detection of anti-bTB IgG and M1, M2 can replace the whole protein as the detection antigen. CONCLUSIONS Molecular docking to evaluate the affinity of bTB protein and TLR2 combined with ELISA provides new insights for the diagnosis of bTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Hang Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau of Manas County, Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Changji 832200, China
| | - Jia Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Mingguo Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jihai Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China.
| | - Chuangfu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of High Incidence Zoonotic Infectious Diseases in Western China, Shihezi 832003, China.
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48
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Hong S, Kim EY, Lim SE, Kim JH, Sohn Y, Jung HS. Dendrobium nobile Lindley Administration Attenuates Atopic Dermatitis-like Lesions by Modulating Immune Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084470. [PMID: 35457288 PMCID: PMC9030638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that can significantly affect daily life by causing sleep disturbance due to extreme itching. In addition, if the symptoms of AD are severe, it can cause mental disorders such as ADHD and suicidal ideation. Corticosteroid preparations used for general treatment have good effects, but their use is limited due to side effects. Therefore, it is essential to minimize the side effects and study effective treatment methods. Dendrobium nobile Lindley (DNL) has been widely used for various diseases, but to the best of our knowledge, its effect on AD has not yet been proven. In this study, the inhibitory effect of DNL on AD was confirmed in a DNCB-induced Balb/c mouse. In addition, the inhibitory efficacy of inflammatory cytokines in TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced HaCaT cells and PMACI-induced HMC-1 cells was confirmed. The results demonstrated that DNL decreased IgE, IL-6, IL-4, scratching behavior, SCORAD index, infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils and decreased the thickness of the skin. Additionally, DNL inhibited the expression of cytokines and inhibited the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. This suggests that DNL inhibits cytokine expression, protein signaling pathway, and immune cells, thereby improving AD symptoms in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youngjoo Sohn
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9202 (Y.S.); +82-2-961-9449 (H.-S.J.)
| | - Hyuk-Sang Jung
- Correspondence: (Y.S.); (H.-S.J.); Tel.: +82-2-961-9202 (Y.S.); +82-2-961-9449 (H.-S.J.)
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Shantal CJN, Juan CC, Lizbeth BUS, Carlos HGJ, Estela GPB. Candida glabrata is a successful pathogen: an artist manipulating the immune response. Microbiol Res 2022; 260:127038. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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50
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Fei S, Gui Z, Feng D, Wang Z, Zheng M, Chen H, Sun L, Tao J, Han Z, Ju X, Gu M, Tan R, Li X. Association Between a TLR2 Gene Polymorphism (rs3804099) and Proteinuria in Kidney Transplantation Recipients. Front Genet 2022; 12:798001. [PMID: 35265098 PMCID: PMC8899217 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.798001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The occurrence of proteinuria is one of the evaluation indicators of transplanted kidney damage and becomes an independent risk factor for poor prognosis after kidney transplantation. Our research sought to understand these potential associations and detect the underlying impact of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on proteinuria in kidney transplant recipients. Materials and Methods: There were 200 recipients enrolled in this study, from which blood samples were extracted for SNP mutation–related gene detection. RNA sequencing was performed in kidney tissues after kidney transplantation, and the significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed between the control group and the proteinuria group. Then, the intersection of genes with SNP mutations and DEGs was conducted to obtain the target genes. Multiple genetic models were used to investigate the relationship between SNPs and proteinuria. In addition, the effect of SNP mutation in the target gene was further validated in human renal podocytes. Results: According to the sequencing results, 26 significant SNP mutated genes and 532 DEGs were found associated with proteinuria after kidney transplantation. The intersection of SNP mutated genes and DEGs showed that the Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) gene was significantly increased in the transplanted renal tissues of patients with proteinuria after kidney transplantation, which was consistent with the results of immunohistochemical staining. Further inheritance model results confirmed that mutations at rs3804099 of the TLR2 gene had significant influence on the occurrence of proteinuria after kidney transplantation. In the in vitro validation, we found that, after the mutation of rs3804099 on the TLR2 gene, the protein expressions of podocalyxin and nephrin in podocytes were significantly decreased, while the protein expressions of desmin and apoptosis markers were significantly increased. The results of flow cytometry also showed that the mutation of rs3804099 on the TLR2 gene significantly increased the apoptotic rate of podocytes. Conclusion: Our study suggested that the mutation of rs3804099 on the TLR2 gene was significantly related to the generation of proteinuria after kidney transplantation. Our data provide insights into the prediction of proteinuria and may imply potential individualized therapy for patients after kidney transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Fei
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zeping Gui
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dengyuan Feng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zijie Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Tao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijian Han
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobing Ju
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruoyun Tan
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinli Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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