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Katsube M, Ishimoto T, Fukushima Y, Kagami A, Shuto T, Kato Y. Ergothioneine promotes longevity and healthy aging in male mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:3889-3909. [PMID: 38446314 PMCID: PMC11226696 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging has emerged as a crucial issue with the increase in the geriatric population worldwide. Food-derived sulfur-containing amino acid ergothioneine (ERGO) is a potential dietary supplement, which exhibits various beneficial effects in experimental animals although the preventive effects of ERGO on aging and/or age-related impairments such as frailty and cognitive impairment are unclear. We investigated the effects of daily oral supplementation of ERGO dissolved in drinking water on lifespan, frailty, and cognitive impairment in male mice from 7 weeks of age to the end of their lives. Ingestion of 4 ~ 5 mg/kg/day of ERGO remarkably extended the lifespan of male mice. The longevity effect of ERGO was further supported by increase in life and non-frailty spans of Caenorhabditis elegans in the presence of ERGO. Compared with the control group, the ERGO group showed significantly lower age-related declines in weight, fat mass, and average and maximum movement velocities at 88 weeks of age. This was compatible with dramatical suppression by ERGO of the age-related increments in plasma biomarkers (BMs) such as the chemokine ligand 9, creatinine, symmetric dimethylarginine, urea, asymmetric dimethylarginine, quinolinic acid, and kynurenine. The oral intake of ERGO also rescued age-related impairments in learning and memory ability, which might be associated with suppression of the age-related decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and TDP43 protein aggregation and promotion of microglial shift to the M2 phenotype by ERGO ingestion. Ingestion of ERGO may promote longevity and healthy aging in male mice, possibly through multiple biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Katsube
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Yutaro Fukushima
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Asuka Kagami
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shuto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Yukio Kato
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan.
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2
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Bell-Hensley A, Beard DC, Feeney K, Zheng H, Jiang Y, Zhang X, Liu J, Gabel H, McAlinden A. Skeletal abnormalities in mice with Dnmt3a missense mutations. Bone 2024; 183:117085. [PMID: 38522809 PMCID: PMC11057337 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2024.117085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Overgrowth and intellectual disability disorders in humans are typified by length/height and/or head circumference ≥ 2 standard deviations above the mean as well as intellectual disability and behavioral comorbidities, including autism and anxiety. Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome is one type of overgrowth and intellectual disability disorder caused by heterozygous missense mutations in the DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A) gene. Numerous DNMT3A mutations have been identified in Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome patients and may be associated with varying phenotype severities of clinical presentation. Two such mutations are the R882H and P904L mutations which result in severe and mild phenotypes, respectively. Mice with paralogous mutations (Dnmt3aP900L/+ and Dnmt3aR878H/+) exhibit overgrowth in their long bones (e.g., femur, humerus), but the mechanisms responsible for their skeletal overgrowth remain unknown. The goal of this study is to characterize skeletal phenotypes in mouse models of Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome and identify potential cellular mechanisms involved in the skeletal overgrowth phenotype. We report that mature mice with the Dnmt3aP900L/+ or Dnmt3aR878H/+ mutation exhibit tibial overgrowth, cortical bone thinning, and weakened bone mechanical properties. Dnmt3aR878H/+ mutants also contain larger bone marrow adipocytes while Dnmt3aP900L/+ mutants show no adipocyte phenotype compared to control animals. To understand the potential cellular mechanisms regulating these phenotypes, growth plate chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts were assessed in juvenile mutant mice using quantitative static histomorphometry and dynamic histomorphometry. Tibial growth plates appeared thicker in mutant juvenile mice, but no changes were observed in osteoblast activity or osteoclast number in the femoral mid-diaphysis. These studies reveal new skeletal phenotypes associated with Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome in mice and provide a rationale to extend clinical assessments of patients with this condition to include bone density and quality testing. These findings may be also informative for skeletal characterization of other mouse models presenting with overgrowth and intellectual disability phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Bell-Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diana C Beard
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathryn Feeney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yunhao Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harrison Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA; Shriners Hospital for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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3
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Beard DC, Zhang X, Wu DY, Martin JR, Erickson A, Boua JV, Hamagami N, Swift RG, McCullough KB, Ge X, Bell-Hensley A, Zheng H, Palmer CW, Fuhler NA, Lawrence AB, Hill CA, Papouin T, Noguchi KK, McAlinden A, Garbow JR, Dougherty JD, Maloney SE, Gabel HW. Distinct disease mutations in DNMT3A result in a spectrum of behavioral, epigenetic, and transcriptional deficits. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113411. [PMID: 37952155 PMCID: PMC10843706 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity in monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders can arise from differential severity of variants underlying disease, but how distinct alleles drive variable disease presentation is not well understood. Here, we investigate missense mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3A (DNMT3A), a DNA methyltransferase associated with overgrowth, intellectual disability, and autism, to uncover molecular correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity. We generate a Dnmt3aP900L/+ mouse mimicking a mutation with mild to moderate severity and compare phenotypic and epigenomic effects with a severe R878H mutation. P900L mutants exhibit core growth and behavioral phenotypes shared across models but show subtle epigenomic changes, while R878H mutants display extensive disruptions. We identify mutation-specific dysregulated genes that may contribute to variable disease severity. Shared transcriptomic disruption identified across mutations overlaps dysregulation observed in other developmental disorder models and likely drives common phenotypes. Together, our findings define central drivers of DNMT3A disorders and illustrate how variable epigenomic disruption contributes to phenotypic heterogeneity in neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Beard
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dennis Y Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenna R Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alyssa Erickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jane Valeriane Boua
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Hamagami
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raylynn G Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine B McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin Bell-Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Cory W Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole A Fuhler
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin B Lawrence
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Cheryl A Hill
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kevin K Noguchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel R Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan E Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Vick LV, Canter RJ, Monjazeb AM, Murphy WJ. Multifaceted effects of obesity on cancer immunotherapies: Bridging preclinical models and clinical data. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 95:88-102. [PMID: 37499846 PMCID: PMC10836337 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, defined by excessive body fat, is a highly complex condition affecting numerous physiological processes, such as metabolism, proliferation, and cellular homeostasis. These multifaceted effects impact cells and tissues throughout the host, including immune cells as well as cancer biology. Because of the multifaceted nature of obesity, common parameters used to define it (such as body mass index in humans) can be problematic, and more nuanced methods are needed to characterize the pleiotropic metabolic effects of obesity. Obesity is well-accepted as an overall negative prognostic factor for cancer incidence, progression, and outcome. This is in part due to the meta-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of obesity. Immunotherapy is increasingly used in cancer therapy, and there are many different types of immunotherapy approaches. The effects of obesity on immunotherapy have only recently been studied with the demonstration of an "obesity paradox", in which some immune therapies have been demonstrated to result in greater efficacy in obese subjects despite the direct adverse effects of obesity and excess body fat acting on the cancer itself. The multifactorial characteristics that influence the effects of obesity (age, sex, lean muscle mass, underlying metabolic conditions and drugs) further confound interpretation of clinical data and necessitate the use of more relevant preclinical models mirroring these variables in the human scenario. Such models will allow for more nuanced mechanistic assessment of how obesity can impact, both positively and negatively, cancer biology, host metabolism, immune regulation, and how these intersecting processes impact the delivery and outcome of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan V Vick
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Arta M Monjazeb
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Malignant Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Transplantation, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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5
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Kumar A, Prajapati P, Singh G, Kumar D, Mishra V, Kim SC, Raorane CJ, Raj V, Kushwaha S. Salbutamol Attenuates Diabetic Skeletal Muscle Atrophy by Reducing Oxidative Stress, Myostatin/GDF-8, and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2101. [PMID: 37631314 PMCID: PMC10458056 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder that leads to accelerated skeletal muscle atrophy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of salbutamol (SLB) on skeletal muscle atrophy in high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 6): control, SLB, HFD/STZ, and HFD/STZ + SLB (6 mg/kg orally for four weeks). After the last dose of SLB, rats were assessed for muscle grip strength and muscle coordination (wire-hanging, rotarod, footprint, and actophotometer tests). Body composition was analyzed in live rats. After that, animals were sacrificed, and serum and gastrocnemius (GN) muscles were collected. Endpoints include myofibrillar protein content, muscle oxidative stress and antioxidants, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β, interleukin-2, and interleukin-6), serum muscle markers (myostatin, creatine kinase, and testosterone), histopathology, and muscle 1H NMR metabolomics. Findings showed that SLB treatment significantly improved muscle strength and muscle coordination, as well as increased lean muscle mass in diabetic rats. Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and muscle markers (myostatin, creatine kinase) indicate muscle deterioration in diabetic rats, while SLB intervention restored the same. Also, Feret's diameter and cross-sectional area of GN muscle were increased by SLB treatment, indicating the amelioration in diabetic rat muscle. Results of muscle metabolomics exhibit that SLB treatment resulted in the restoration of perturbed metabolites, including histidine-to-tyrosine, phenylalanine-to-tyrosine, and glutamate-to-glutamine ratios and succinate, sarcosine, and 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) in diabetic rats. These metabolites showed a pertinent role in muscle inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic rats. In conclusion, findings showed that salbutamol could be explored as an intervention in diabetic-associated skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India; (A.K.); (P.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Priyanka Prajapati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India; (A.K.); (P.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India; (G.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Dinesh Kumar
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Lucknow 226014, India; (G.S.); (D.K.)
| | - Vikas Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226025, India; (A.K.); (P.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Seong-Cheol Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | | | - Vinit Raj
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sapana Kushwaha
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Lucknow 226002, India
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6
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So SW, Fleming KM, Nixon JP, Butterick TA. Early Life Obesity Increases Neuroinflammation, Amyloid Beta Deposition, and Cognitive Decline in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112494. [PMID: 37299457 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity, a known risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), increases the activation of microglia, leading to a proinflammatory phenotype. Our previous work shows that a high fat diet (HFD) can cause neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice. We hypothesized that proinflammatory activation of brain microglia in obesity exacerbates AD pathology and increases the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. Presently, we tested cognitive function in 8-month-old male and female APP/PS1 mice fed a HFD, starting at 1.5 months of age. Locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, behavioral despair, and spatial memory were all assessed through behavioral tests. Microgliosis and Aβ deposition were measured in multiple brain regions through immunohistochemical analysis. Our results show that a HFD decreases locomotor activity, while increasing anxiety-like behavior and behavioral despair independent of genotype. A HFD led to increased memory deficits in both sexes, with HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice performing the worst out of all groups. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased microgliosis in mice fed a HFD. This was accompanied by an increase in Aβ deposition in the HFD-fed APP/PS1 mice. Together, our results support that HFD-induced obesity exacerbates neuroinflammation and Aβ deposition in a young adult AD mouse model, leading to increased memory deficits and cognitive decline in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon W So
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Kendra M Fleming
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joshua P Nixon
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Tammy A Butterick
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota Twin Cities, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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7
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González-Ibáñez L, Meneses ME, Sánchez-Tapia M, Pérez-Luna D, Torres N, Torre-Villalvazo I, Bonilla M, Petlacalco B, Castillo I, López-Barradas A, Macías A, Tovar AR, Martínez-Carrera D. Edible and medicinal mushrooms ( Pleurotus ostreatus, Ustilago maydis, Ganoderma lucidum) reduce endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in adipose tissue of obese Wistar rats fed with a high fat plus saccharose diet. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37161495 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00089c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is an increasing global public health problem. A strategy to treat obesity is the use of functional foods. Edible and medicinal mushrooms contain diverse bioactive compounds showing important antihyperlipidemic, antioxidant, and prebiotic properties. We analysed the effects of adding (10%) of Pleurotus ostreatus (Po, basidiomata), Ganoderma lucidum (Gl, basidiomata), or Ustilago maydis (Um, galls), milled, to a high fat plus saccharose diet (HFD + S) for 6 months in a model of obesity with Wistar rats. We assessed weight gain, body composition, lipid parameters, endoplasmic reticulum stress (proteins and inflammatory markers: BiP, XBP-1, JNK, p-JNK, TNF-α), and adiponectin in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). The consumption of edible and medicinal mushrooms decreased weight gain (-17.2-30.1%) and fat mass (-23.7-43.1%), maintained fat-free mass, reduced levels of serum biochemical parameters (TC: -40.1-44.1%, TG: -37.7-51.6%, LDL-C: -64.5-71.1%), and prevented adipocyte hypertrophy (-30.9-36.9%) and collagen deposition (-70.9-73.7%) in SAT. Compared with the HFD + S group, mushroom consumption by Wistar rats significantly reduced the expression of proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation (BiP: -72.2-88.2%; XBP-1: -71.5-81.8%; JNK: -71.2-90.0%; p-JNK: -37.3-81.0%; TNF-α: -80.7-91.5%), whereas significantly increased adiponectin protein expression (246.4-654.2%) in SAT. These effects outperformed those obtained through the commercial lipid-lowering drug atorvastatin, contributing synergistically to prevent further obesity-related dysfunctions, such as insulin resistance derived from inflammation and ER stress in adipose tissue. Bioactive compounds from edible, functional and medicinal mushrooms represent new emerging therapies for obesity treatments using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura González-Ibáñez
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
| | - María E Meneses
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
- CONACYT-Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Campus Puebla, Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico
| | - Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Pérez-Luna
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Iván Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Myrna Bonilla
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz Petlacalco
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
| | - Ivan Castillo
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
| | - Adriana López-Barradas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Antonio Macías
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniel Martínez-Carrera
- Centro de Biotecnología de Hongos Comestibles, Funcionales y Medicinales (CB-HCFM), Campus Puebla, Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Boulevard Forjadores de Puebla no. 205, Puebla 72760, Mexico.
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8
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Ye J, Chen J, Li Y, Sun L, Lu H. Hepatocyte-specific knockout of HIF-2α cannot alleviate carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15191. [PMID: 37033734 PMCID: PMC10078453 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
The effects of hypoxia inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) deficiency on liver fibrosis have not been demonstrated in a fibrosis model induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). We aimed to examine whether hepatocyte-specific HIF-2α deletion could ameliorate CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in mice.
Methods
Hepatocyte-specific HIF-2α knockout mice were created using an albumin promoter-driven Cre recombinase. HIF-2α knockout (KO) mice and floxed control wild-type (WT) mice were fed a normal diet (ND) and received either twice weekly intraperitoneal injections of CCl4 solution (CCl4 dissolved in olive oil) or the corresponding amount of olive oil for 8 weeks. The indicators of liver function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and liver histology were compared among the different groups.
Results
Hepatocyte-specific HIF-2α knockout had no effect on the growth, liver function, glucose or lipid metabolism in mice. CCl4-treated KO and WT mice had a similar pattern of injury and inflammatory cell infiltration in the liver. Quantification of Masson staining, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) immunohistochemistry, and the hydroxyproline (HYP) content revealed similar liver fibrosis levels between KO and WT mice injected intraperitoneally with CCl4. Immunohistochemistry analysis suggested that HIF-2α was mainly expressed in the portal area and hepatic sinusoids but not in hepatocytes. Bioinformatics analyses further indicated that HIF-2α expression was neither liver specific nor hepatocyte specific, and the effect of HIF-2α in hepatocytes on liver fibrosis may not be as important as that in liver sinuses.
Conclusions
Hepatocyte HIF-2α expression may not be a key factor in the initiation of liver fibrogenesis, and hepatocyte-specific deletion of HIF-2α may not be the ideal therapeutic strategy for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Ye
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Yun Li
- Molecular Imaging Center, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University, Zhuhai, Gangdong, China
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9
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Beard DC, Zhang X, Wu DY, Martin JR, Hamagami N, Swift RG, McCullough KB, Ge X, Bell-Hensley A, Zheng H, Lawrence AB, Hill CA, Papouin T, McAlinden A, Garbow JR, Dougherty JD, Maloney SE, Gabel HW. Distinct disease mutations in DNMT3A result in a spectrum of behavioral, epigenetic, and transcriptional deficits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.27.530041. [PMID: 36909558 PMCID: PMC10002657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.27.530041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity is a common feature of monogenic neurodevelopmental disorders that can arise from differential severity of missense variants underlying disease, but how distinct alleles impact molecular mechanisms to drive variable disease presentation is not well understood. Here, we investigate missense mutations in the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A associated with variable overgrowth, intellectual disability, and autism, to uncover molecular correlates of phenotypic heterogeneity in neurodevelopmental disease. We generate a DNMT3A P900L/+ mouse model mimicking a disease mutation with mild-to-moderate severity and compare phenotypic and epigenomic effects with a severe R878H mutation. We show that the P900L mutation leads to disease-relevant overgrowth, obesity, and social deficits shared across DNMT3A disorder models, while the R878H mutation causes more extensive epigenomic disruption leading to differential dysregulation of enhancers elements. We identify distinct gene sets disrupted in each mutant which may contribute to mild or severe disease, and detect shared transcriptomic disruption that likely drives common phenotypes across affected individuals. Finally, we demonstrate that core gene dysregulation detected in DNMT3A mutant mice overlaps effects in other developmental disorder models, highlighting the importance of DNMT3A-deposited methylation in neurodevelopment. Together, these findings define central drivers of DNMT3A disorders and illustrate how variable disruption of transcriptional mechanisms can drive the spectrum of phenotypes in neurodevelopmental disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Beard
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Dennis Y. Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jenna R. Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicole Hamagami
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Raylynn G. Swift
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Katherine B. McCullough
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Xia Ge
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin Bell-Hensley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Hongjun Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Austin B. Lawrence
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Hill
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Thomas Papouin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Audrey McAlinden
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joel R. Garbow
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Susan E. Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Harrison W. Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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10
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Shemery AM, Zendlo M, Kowalski J, Gorrell E, Everett S, Wagner JG, Davis AE, Koch LG, Britton SL, Mul JD, Novak CM. Reduced contextually induced muscle thermogenesis in rats with calorie restriction and lower aerobic fitness but not monogenic obesity. Temperature (Austin) 2023; 10:379-393. [PMID: 37554387 PMCID: PMC10405760 DOI: 10.1080/23328940.2023.2171669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously identified predator odor as a potent stimulus activating thermogenesis in skeletal muscle in rats. As this may prove relevant for energy balance and weight loss, the current study investigated whether skeletal muscle thermogenesis was altered with negative energy balance, obesity propensity seen in association with low intrinsic aerobic fitness, and monogenic obesity. First, weight loss subsequent to 3 wk of 50% calorie restriction suppressed the muscle thermogenic response to predator odor. Next, we compared rats bred based on artificial selection for intrinsic aerobic fitness - high- and low-capacity runners (HCR, LCR) - that display robust leanness and obesity propensity, respectively. Aerobically fit HCR showed enhanced predator odor-induced muscle thermogenesis relative to the less-fit LCR. This contrasted with the profound monogenic obesity displayed by rats homozygous for a loss of function mutation in Melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4rK3a,4X/K314X rats), which showed no discernable deficit in thermogenesis. Taken together, these data imply that body size or obesity per se are not associated with deficient muscle thermogenesis. Rather, the physiological phenotype associated with polygenic obesity propensity may encompass pleiotropic mechanisms in the thermogenic pathway. Adaptive thermogenesis associated with weight loss also likely alters muscle thermogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley M Shemery
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Meredith Zendlo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jesse Kowalski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Erin Gorrell
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Scott Everett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Jacob G Wagner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Ashley E Davis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, the University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joram D Mul
- Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Colleen M Novak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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11
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Microglial FABP4-UCP2 Axis Modulates Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084354. [PMID: 35457171 PMCID: PMC9032181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The microglial fatty-acid-binding protein 4-uncoupling protein 2 (FABP4-UCP2) axis is a key regulator of neuroinflammation in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed animals, indicating a role for FABP4 in brain immune response. We hypothesized that the FABP4-UCP2 axis is involved in regulating diet-induced cognitive decline. We tested cognitive function in mice lacking microglial FABP4 (AKO mice). Fifteen-week-old male AKO and wild-type (WT) mice were maintained on 60% HFD or normal chow (NC) for 12 weeks. Body composition was measured using EchoMRI. Locomotor activity, working memory, and spatial memory were assessed using behavioral tests (open field, T-maze, and Barnes maze, respectively). Hippocampal microgliosis was assessed via immunohistochemical staining. An inflammatory cytokine panel was assayed using hippocampal tissue. Real-time RT-PCR was performed to measure microglial UCP2 mRNA expression. Our data support that loss of FABP4 prevents cognitive decline in vivo. HFD-fed WT mice exhibited impaired long- and short-term memory, in contrast with HFD-fed AKO mice. HFD-fed WT mice had an increase in hippocampal inflammatory cytokine expression (IFNγ, IL-1β, IL-5, IL-6, KC/GRO(CXCL1), IL-10, and TNFα) and microgliosis, and decreased microglial UCP2 expression. HFD-fed AKO mice had decreased hippocampal inflammatory cytokine expression and microgliosis and increased microglial UCP2 expression compared to HFD-fed WT mice. Collectively, our work supports the idea that the FABP4-UCP2 axis represents a potential therapeutic target in preventing diet-induced cognitive decline.
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12
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Evaluation of the Cardiometabolic Disorders after Spinal Cord Injury in Mice. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040495. [PMID: 35453695 PMCID: PMC9027794 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cardiometabolic functions contribute to increased morbidity and mortality after chronic spinal cord injury. Despite many advancements in discovering SCI-induced pathologies, the cardiometabolic risks and divergences in severity-related responses have yet to be elucidated. Here, we examined the effects of SCI severity on functional recovery and cardiometabolic functions following moderate (50 kdyn) and severe (75 kdyn) contusions in the thoracic-8 (T8) vertebrae in mice using imaging, morphometric, and molecular analyses. Both severities reduced hindlimbs motor functions, body weight (g), and total body fat (%) at all-time points up to 20 weeks post-injury (PI), while only severe SCI reduced the total body lean (%). Severe SCI increased liver echogenicity starting from 12 weeks PI, with an increase in liver fibrosis in both moderate and severe SCI. Severe SCI mice showed a significant reduction in left ventricular internal diameters and LV volume at 20 weeks PI, associated with increased LV ejection fraction as well as cardiac fibrosis. These cardiometabolic dysfunctions were accompanied by changes in the inflammation profile, varying with the severity of the injury, but not in the lipid profile nor cardiac or hepatic tyrosine hydroxylase innervation changes, suggesting that systemic inflammation may be involved in these SCI-induced health complications.
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13
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Dietary lipid droplet structure in postnatal life improves hepatic energy and lipid metabolism in a mouse model for postnatal programming. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Effect of disrupted episodic memory on food consumption: no impact of neuronal loss of Endophilin A1 on food intake and energy balance. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:329-337. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Kozlova EV, Carabelli B, Bishay AE, Denys ME, Chinthirla DB, Tran JD, Hsiao A, Nieden NZ, Curras-Collazo MC. Persistent exercise fatigue and associative learning deficits in combination with transient glucose dyshomeostasis in a GWI mouse model. Life Sci 2021; 289:120094. [PMID: 34710444 PMCID: PMC9053767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To characterize exercise fatigue, metabolic phenotype and cognitive and mood deficits correlated with brain neuroinflammatory and gut microbiome changes in a chronic Gulf War Illness (GWI) mouse model. The latter have been described in an accompanying paper [1]. Main methods: Adult male C57Bl/6N mice were exposed for 28 days (5 days/week) to pyridostigmine bromide: 6.5 mg/kg, b.i.d., P.O. (GW1) or 8.7 mg/kg, q.d., P.O. (GW2); topical permethrin (1.3 mg/kg in 100% DMSO) and N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET 33% in 70% EtOH) and restraint stress (5 min). Exercise, metabolic and behavioral endpoints were compared to sham stress control (CON/S). Key findings: Relative to CON/S, GW2 presented persistent exercise intolerance (through post-treatment (PT) day 161), deficient associative learning/memory, and transient insulin insensitivity. In contrast to GW2, GW1 showed deficient long-term object recognition memory, milder associative learning/memory deficit, and behavioral despair. Significance: Our findings demonstrate that GW chemicals dose-dependently determine the presentation of exercise fatigue and severity/type of cognitive/mood-deficient phenotypes that show persistence. Our comprehensive mouse model of GWI recapitulates the major multiple symptom domains characterizing GWI, including fatigue and cognitive impairment that can be used to more efficiently develop diagnostic tests and curative treatments for ill Gulf War veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Kozlova
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Bruno Carabelli
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Bishay
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Maximilian E Denys
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Devi B Chinthirla
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jasmin D Tran
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Ansel Hsiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Zur Nieden
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - M C Curras-Collazo
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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16
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Harner R, Lira-Albarrán S, Chalas C, Lee SH, Liu X, Rinaudo P. Ovulation induction is associated with altered growth but with preservation of normal metabolic function in murine offspring. F&S SCIENCE 2021; 2:259-267. [PMID: 35560276 PMCID: PMC10434990 DOI: 10.1016/j.xfss.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effects of ovulation induction on mouse postnatal health, with a focus on growth pattern and glucose tolerance. To study the effect of ovulation induction on DNA methylation, we took advantage of the agouti viable yellow (Avy) mouse. DESIGN Animal study. SETTING University Setting. ANIMALS Agouti viable yellow (Avy) mice on a C57BL/6 background. INTERVENTION(S) Avy female mice were either allowed to mate spontaneously (control group, C) or after superovulation with 5 IU of PMSG and hCG (ovulation induction group, OI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Birth parameters and postnatal growth of the offspring were followed up to 29 weeks of age. Body composition analysis was performed by EchoMRI; fasting insulin, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by beta cells were assessed to study glucose metabolism. RESULT(S) Mice born to superovulated dams had lower survival rates, shorter anogenital distances, and shorter crown-rump lengths. Female mice generated by OI weighed less at birth, whereas male mice generated by OI had lower weight gain and had reduced lean mass. Glucose parameters, including islet functions, did not differ between the groups. No difference in agouti coat color was noted between the groups. CONCLUSION(S) Ovulation induction resulted in mice having increased morphometric differences at birth and male mice showing reduced weight gain but no difference in glucose tolerance or agouti coat color.
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Affiliation(s)
- Royce Harner
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | | | - Céline Chalas
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Seok Hee Lee
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Paolo Rinaudo
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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17
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Smith AM, LaValle TA, Shinawi M, Ramakrishnan SM, Abel HJ, Hill CA, Kirkland NM, Rettig MP, Helton NM, Heath SE, Ferraro F, Chen DY, Adak S, Semenkovich CF, Christian DL, Martin JR, Gabel HW, Miller CA, Ley TJ. Functional and epigenetic phenotypes of humans and mice with DNMT3A Overgrowth Syndrome. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4549. [PMID: 34315901 PMCID: PMC8316576 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Germline pathogenic variants in DNMT3A were recently described in patients with overgrowth, obesity, behavioral, and learning difficulties (DNMT3A Overgrowth Syndrome/DOS). Somatic mutations in the DNMT3A gene are also the most common cause of clonal hematopoiesis, and can initiate acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Using whole genome bisulfite sequencing, we studied DNA methylation in peripheral blood cells of 11 DOS patients and found a focal, canonical hypomethylation phenotype, which is most severe with the dominant negative DNMT3AR882H mutation. A germline mouse model expressing the homologous Dnmt3aR878H mutation phenocopies most aspects of the human DOS syndrome, including the methylation phenotype and an increased incidence of spontaneous hematopoietic malignancies, suggesting that all aspects of this syndrome are caused by this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Smith
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Taylor A LaValle
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sai M Ramakrishnan
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haley J Abel
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cheryl A Hill
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Nicole M Kirkland
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Science, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Michael P Rettig
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nichole M Helton
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sharon E Heath
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Francesca Ferraro
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David Y Chen
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sangeeta Adak
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Clay F Semenkovich
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism & Lipid Research, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diana L Christian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jenna R Martin
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harrison W Gabel
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christopher A Miller
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Timothy J Ley
- Division of Oncology, Section of Stem Cell Biology, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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18
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Davis AE, Smyers ME, Beltz L, Mehta DM, Britton SL, Koch LG, Novak CM. Differential weight loss with intermittent fasting or daily calorie restriction in low- and high-fitness phenotypes. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1731-1742. [PMID: 34086376 DOI: 10.1113/ep089434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? How does intrinsic aerobic capacity impact weight loss with 50% daily caloric restriction and alternate-day fasting? What is the main finding and its importance? Intermittent fasting is effective for weight loss in rats with low fitness, which highlights the importance of how intermittent fasting interacts with aerobic fitness. ABSTRACT Recent interest has focused on the benefits of time-restricted feeding strategies, including intermittent fasting, for weight loss. It is not yet known whether intermittent fasting is more effective than daily caloric restriction at stimulating weight loss and how each is subject to individual differences. Here, rat models of leanness and obesity, artificially selected for intrinsically high (HCR) and low (LCR) aerobic capacity, were subjected to intermittent fasting and 50% calorie restrictive diets in two separate experiments using male rats. The lean, high-fitness HCR and obesity-prone, low-fitness LCR rats underwent 50% caloric restriction while body weight and composition were monitored. The low-fitness LCR rats were better able to retain lean mass than the high-fitness HCR rats, without significantly different proportional loss of weight or fat. In a separate experiment using intermittent fasting in male HCR and LCR rats, alternate-day fasting induced significantly greater loss of weight and fat mass in LCR compared with HCR rats, although the HCR rats had a more marked reduction in ad libitum daily food intake. Altogether, this suggests that intermittent fasting is an effective weight-loss strategy for those with low intrinsic aerobic fitness; however, direct comparison of caloric restriction and intermittent fasting is warranted to determine any differential effects on energy expenditure in lean and obesity-prone phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Davis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Mark E Smyers
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Lisa Beltz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Devanshi M Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Steven L Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Lauren G Koch
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, The University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Colleen M Novak
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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19
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Wu Y, Li B, Li L, Mitchell SE, Green CL, D'Agostino G, Wang G, Wang L, Li M, Li J, Niu C, Jin Z, Wang A, Zheng Y, Douglas A, Speakman JR. Very-low-protein diets lead to reduced food intake and weight loss, linked to inhibition of hypothalamic mTOR signaling, in mice. Cell Metab 2021; 33:888-904.e6. [PMID: 33667386 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The protein leverage hypothesis predicts that low dietary protein should increase energy intake and cause adiposity. We designed 10 diets varying from 1% to 20% protein combined with either 60% or 20% fat. Contrasting the expectation, very low protein did not cause increased food intake. Although these mice had activated hunger signaling, they ate less food, resulting in decreased body weight and improved glucose tolerance but not increased frailty, even under 60% fat. Moreover, they did not show hyperphagia when returned to a 20% protein diet, which could be mimicked by treatment with rapamycin. Intracerebroventricular injection of AAV-S6K1 significantly blunted the decrease in both food intake and body weight in mice fed 1% protein, an effect not observed with inhibition of eIF2a, TRPML1, and Fgf21 signaling. Hence, the 1% protein diet induced decreased food intake and body weight via a mechanism partially dependent on hypothalamic mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC
| | - Sharon E Mitchell
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Cara L Green
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Giuseppe D'Agostino
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jianbo Li
- University of Dali, Dali, Yunnan 671000, PRC
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC
| | | | - Anyongqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC
| | - Yu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PRC
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PRC; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, PRC; CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Kunming, PRC.
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20
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López-Salazar V, Tapia MS, Tobón-Cornejo S, Díaz D, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Granados-Portillo O, Noriega L, Tovar AR, Torres N. Consumption of soybean or olive oil at recommended concentrations increased the intestinal microbiota diversity and insulin sensitivity and prevented fatty liver compared to the effects of coconut oil. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108751. [PMID: 33915261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in mono or polyunsaturated fats have been associated with a healthy phenotype, but there is controversial evidence about coconut oil (CO), which is rich in saturated medium-chain fatty acids. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to study whether different types of oils rich in polyunsaturated (soybean oil, SO), monounsaturated (olive oil, OO), or saturated fatty acids (coconut oil, CO) can regulate the gut microbiota, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, mitochondrial function in wild type and PPARα KO mice. The group that received SO showed the highest microbial diversity, increase in Akkermansia muciniphila, high insulin sensitivity and low grade inflammation, The OO group showed similar insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling than SO, increase in Bifidobacterium, increase in fatty acid oxidation and low grade inflammation. The CO consumption led to the lowest bacterial diversity, a 9-fold increase in the LPS concentration leading to metabolic endotoxemia, hepatic steatosis, increased lipogenesis, highest LDL-cholesterol concentration and the lowest respiratory capacity and fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria. The absence of PPARα decreased alpha diversity and increased LPS concentration particularly in the CO group, and increased insulin sensitivity in the groups fed SO or OO. These results indicate that consuming mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids produced health benefits at the recommended intake but a high concentration of oils (three times the recommended oil intake in rodents) significantly decreased the microbial alpha-diversity independent of the type of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria López-Salazar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Mónica Sánchez Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Sandra Tobón-Cornejo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Daniel Díaz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Alemán-Escondrillas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Lilia Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
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21
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Jacob A, Nina Peralta L, Pegues D, Okamura K, Chang A, McSkimming D, Alexander J. Exercise alleviates symptoms of CNS lupus. Brain Res 2021; 1765:147478. [PMID: 33852888 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a global health problem where 20-80% patients display cognitive problems and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Early diagnosis and treatment of lupus remains a clinical challenge. Exercise improves experimental lupus nephritis. However, the effects of exercise in CNS lupus remains unknown. This study investigates the effects of controlled exercise (CE) that consisted of treadmill walking (5 m/min for 10 min everyday) on experimental CNS lupus using the well-established mouse model, MRL/lpr mice. The MRL/lpr mice were subjected to CE from 8 weeks (preclinical) to 16 weeks (disease). Multiplex gene expression analysis revealed significant upregulation of genes involved in neurite growth, proliferation and synaptic plasticity, and a decrease in inflammatory genes including complement proteins, NFkB, chemokines and cytokines in exercised mice compared to the unmanipulated, age-matched controls. The loss of blood-brain barrier integrity, astrogliosis and edema seen in MRL/lpr mice were reduced with exercise. Exercised mice performed better in behavioral assessments such as open field, nesting, and tail suspension test. For the first time our results show that a supervised, well-regulated and controlled exercise regimen alleviates CNS lupus and could potentially serve as an intervention strategy to improve the quality of life. Exercise could also serve as an adjunct therapy for lupus and other neuroinflammatory diseases, thereby reducing the need for the current therapies with toxic side effects. The validity of the findings and a safe exercise regimen needs to be established by additional studies in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Jacob
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14086, USA
| | | | - Deja Pegues
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14086, USA
| | - Kazuki Okamura
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14086, USA
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Jessy Alexander
- Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14086, USA.
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22
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Sampson CM, Dimet AL, Neelakantan H, Ogunseye KO, Stevenson HL, Hommel JD, Watowich SJ. Combined nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibition and reduced-calorie diet normalizes body composition and enhances metabolic benefits in obese mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5637. [PMID: 33707534 PMCID: PMC7952898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85051-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a large and growing global health problem with few effective therapies. The present study investigated metabolic and physiological benefits of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase inhibitor (NNMTi) treatment combined with a lean diet substitution in diet-induced obese mice. NNMTi treatment combined with lean diet substitution accelerated and improved body weight and fat loss, increased whole-body lean mass to body weight ratio, reduced liver and epididymal white adipose tissue weights, decreased liver adiposity, and improved hepatic steatosis, relative to a lean diet substitution alone. Importantly, combined lean diet and NNMTi treatment normalized body composition and liver adiposity parameters to levels observed in age-matched lean diet control mice. NNMTi treatment produced a unique metabolomic signature in adipose tissue, with predominant increases in ketogenic amino acid abundance and alterations to metabolites linked to energy metabolic pathways. Taken together, NNMTi treatment's modulation of body weight, adiposity, liver physiology, and the adipose tissue metabolome strongly support it as a promising therapeutic for obesity and obesity-driven comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Sampson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrea L Dimet
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kehinde O Ogunseye
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Institute for Translational Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Heather L Stevenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan D Hommel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch At Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
- Center for Addiction Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley J Watowich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA.
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23
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Sánchez-Tapia M, Miller AW, Granados-Portillo O, Tovar AR, Torres N. The development of metabolic endotoxemia is dependent on the type of sweetener and the presence of saturated fat in the diet. Gut Microbes 2020; 12:1801301. [PMID: 32804018 PMCID: PMC7524302 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1801301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fat and sweeteners contribute to obesity. However, it is unknown whether specific bacteria are selectively modified by different caloric and noncaloric sweeteners with or without a high-fat diet (HFD). Here, we combined extensive host phenotyping and shotgun metagenomics of the gut microbiota to investigate this question. We found that the type of sweetener and its combination with an HFD selectively modified the gut microbiota. Sucralose and steviol glycosides led to the lowest α-diversity of the gut microbiota. Sucralose increased the abundance of B. fragilis in particular, resulting in a decrease in the abundance of occludin and an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, glucose intolerance, fatty acid oxidation and ketone bodies. Sucrose+HFD showed the highest metabolic endotoxemia, weight gain, body fat, total short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), serum TNFα concentration and glucose intolerance. Consumption of sucralose or sucrose resulted in enrichment of the bacterial genes involved in the synthesis of LPS and SCFAs. Notably, brown sugar and honey were associated with the absence of metabolic endotoxemia, increases in bacterial gene diversity and anti-inflammatory markers such as IL-10 and sIgA, the maintenance of glucose tolerance and energy expenditure, similar to the control group, despite the consumption of an HFD. These findings indicate that the type of sweetener and an HFD selectively modify the gut microbiota, bacterial gene enrichment of metabolic pathways involved in LPS and SCFA synthesis, and metabolic endotoxemia associated with different metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Sánchez-Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Aaron W. Miller
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Armando R. Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México,CONTACT Nimbe Torres Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México14080, México
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24
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Sánchez-Tapia M, Moreno-Vicencio D, Ordáz-Nava G, Guevara-Cruz M, Granados-Portillo O, Vargas-Castillo A, Torres N, Tovar AR. Antibiotic Treatment Reduces the Health Benefits of Soy Protein. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e2000532. [PMID: 32729948 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Soy protein is a high-quality protein and its consumption has been associated with a reduction of serum cholesterol and triglycerides and an improvement in insulin resistance. However, it is not known whether the effects of soy protein are mediated by the gut microbiota. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess whether using antibiotics to partially eradicate the gut microbiota can prevent the beneficial effects of soy protein in rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Thus, rats are fed one of the following diets for 16 weeks: casein control, soy protein control, high-fat casein, and high-fat soy protein. The rats are then treated for 4 weeks with antibiotics. Body weight and composition, energy expenditure, glucose tolerance test, metabolic endotoxemia, and gut microbiota are measured before and after treatment with antibiotic. The results show that soy protein consumption decreases weight gain, body fat, metabolic endotoxemia, and increases energy expenditure and glucose tolerance. Antibiotic treatment suppresses all these metabolic effects. These changes are accompanied by modifying the diversity and taxonomy of the gut microbiota. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the evidence suggests that the health benefits of soy protein are partly dependent of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Sánchez-Tapia
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Daniela Moreno-Vicencio
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ordáz-Nava
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ariana Vargas-Castillo
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion Salvador Zubiran, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15 Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, Mexico, CDMX, 14080, Mexico
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Pedroso JA, Camporez JP, Belpiede LT, Pinto RS, Cipolla-Neto J, Donato J. Evaluation of Hepatic Steatosis in Rodents by Time-Domain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9040198. [PMID: 31756971 PMCID: PMC6963644 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9040198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Devices that analyze body composition of rodents by time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD-NMR) are becoming popular in research centers that study metabolism. Theoretically, TD-NMR devices can also evaluate lipid content in isolated tissues. However, the accuracy of TD-NMR to determine hepatic steatosis in the liver of small laboratory animals has not been evaluated in detail. We observed that TD-NMR was able to detect increased lipid content in the liver of rats consuming high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and in genetically obese (Lepob/ob and Leprdb/db) mice. The lipid content determined by TD-NMR showed a positive correlation with triglyceride content measured by colorimetric assays. In contrast, TD-NMR did not detect hepatic steatosis in C57BL/6 mice consuming HFD for 4 or 12 weeks, despite their obesity and increased liver triglyceride content. These findings indicate that tissue mass and the severity of hepatic steatosis affect the sensitivity of TD-NMR to detect liver lipid content.
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26
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Hu S, Wang L, Togo J, Yang D, Xu Y, Wu Y, Douglas A, Speakman JR. The carbohydrate-insulin model does not explain the impact of varying dietary macronutrients on the body weight and adiposity of mice. Mol Metab 2019; 32:27-43. [PMID: 32029228 PMCID: PMC6938849 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM) predicts that increases in fasting and post-prandial insulin in response to dietary carbohydrates stimulate energy intake and lower energy expenditures, leading to positive energy balance and weight gain. The objective of the present study was to directly test the CIM's predictions using C57BL/6 mice. Methods Diets were designed by altering dietary carbohydrates with either fixed protein or fat content and were fed to C57BL/6 mice acutely or chronically for 12 weeks. The body weight, body composition, food intake, and energy expenditures of the mice were measured. Their fasting and post-prandial glucose and insulin levels were also measured. RNA-seq was performed on RNA from the hypothalamus and subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Pathway analysis was conducted using IPA. Results Only the post-prandial insulin and fasting glucose levels followed the CIM's predictions. The lipolysis and leptin signaling pathways in the sWAT were inhibited in relation to the elevated fasting insulin, supporting the CIM's predicted impact of high insulin. However, because higher fasting insulin was unrelated to carbohydrate intake, the overall pattern did not support the model. Moreover, the hypothalamic hunger pathways were inhibited in relation to the increased fasting insulin, and the energy intake was not increased. The browning pathway in the sWAT was inhibited at higher insulin levels, but the daily energy expenditure was not altered. Conclusions Two of the predictions were partially supported (and hence also partially not supported) and the other three predictions were not supported. We conclude that the CIM does not explain the impact of dietary macronutrients on adiposity in mice. Higher fasting insulin related to inhibited lipolysis and leptin pathways in sWAT, supporting CIM. Higher fasting insulin related to inhibited hypothalamic hunger pathway, contrasting CIM. Fasting insulin decreased with higher dietary carbohydrate, overall contrasting CIM. Higher dietary carbohydrate did not lead to greater EI/adiposity, or lowered EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - Alex Douglas
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK; CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics (CCEAEG), Kunming, PR China.
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27
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Aranaz P, Navarro-Herrera D, Romo-Hualde A, Zabala M, López-Yoldi M, González-Ferrero C, Gil AG, Alfredo Martinez J, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Broccoli extract improves high fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and glucose intolerance in Wistar rats. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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28
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Aranaz P, Romo-Hualde A, Navarro-Herrera D, Zabala M, López-Yoldi M, González-Ferrero C, Gil AG, Martínez JA, Vizmanos JL, Milagro FI, González-Navarro CJ. Low doses of cocoa extract supplementation ameliorate diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in rats. Food Funct 2019; 10:4811-4822. [PMID: 31317981 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00918c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocoa polyphenols exhibit high antioxidant activity and have been proposed as a potential adjuvant for the treatment of metabolic disturbances. Here, we demonstrate that supplementation with low doses (14 and 140 mg per kg per rat) of a complete cocoa extract induces metabolic benefits in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) model of Wistar rats. After 10 weeks, cocoa extract-supplemented animals exhibited significantly lower body weight gain and food efficiency, with no differences in energy intake. Cocoa significantly reduced visceral (epididymal and retroperitoneal) and subcutaneous fat accumulation accompanied by a significant reduction in the adipocyte size, which was mediated by downregulation of the adipocyte-specific genes Cebpa, Fasn and Adipoq. Additionally, cocoa extract supplementation reduced the triacylglycerol/high density lipoprotein (TAG/HDL) ratio, decreased hepatic triglyceride accumulation, improved insulin sensitivity by reducing HOMA-IR, and significantly ameliorated glucose tolerance after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Finally, no adverse effect was observed in an in vivo toxicity evaluation of our cocoa extract at doses up to 500 mg kg-1 day-1. Our data demonstrate that low doses of cocoa extract supplementation (14 and 140 mg kg-1 day-1) are safe and sufficient to counteract obesity and type-2 diabetes in rats and provide new insights into the potential application of cocoa supplements in the management of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Aranaz
- Centre for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Spain.
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Togo J, Hu S, Li M, Niu C, Speakman JR. Impact of dietary sucrose on adiposity and glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6J mice depends on mode of ingestion: liquid or solid. Mol Metab 2019; 27:22-32. [PMID: 31255519 PMCID: PMC6717800 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Although it is widely accepted that obesity results from an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure, the mechanisms underlying this process and effective strategies for prevention and treatment are unclear. Growing evidence suggests excess consumption of sugar may play an important role, yet we showed previously in mice that consuming up to 30% of calories as sucrose in the diet had no impact on weight regulation. Since in humans consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages has been widely implicated, we investigated whether the mode of ingestion (solid or liquid) had different impacts on body weight regulation and glucose homeostasis. Methods Dietary sucrose was delivered in solid (as part of a standard pelleted rodent chow) and liquid (in drinking water) to C57BL/6 mice for 8 weeks. Body weight, body composition, energy intake and expenditure were monitored, as well as glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Expression of sweet taste receptors on the tongue, and glycogen and fat contents of the liver were also measured. Results Consumption of sucrose-sweetened water, but not equivalent levels of solid sucrose, led to body fat gain in C57BL/6 mice. Glucose intolerance was positively correlated to body fatness, rather than sucrose intake. Conclusions Our data support the suggestion that consumption of liquid sucrose may be an important contributor to dysregulation of body weight and related metabolic syndromes. Liquid sucrose intake was associated with increased energy consumption and greater body fat gain. The same level of sucrose in a solid diet did not lead to higher energy intake or elevated body weight and fatness. Elevated adiposity was correlated with impairment of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance were related to adiposity and the mode but not the level of sucrose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Sumei Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, PR China; Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK; CAS Center of Excellence for Animal Evolution and genetics, Kunming, PR China.
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Aamann L, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Oliveira M, Tremblay M, Bémeur C, Dam G, Vilstrup H, Aagaard NK, Rose CF. Progressive resistance training prevents loss of muscle mass and strength in bile duct-ligated rats. Liver Int 2019; 39:676-683. [PMID: 30394651 DOI: 10.1111/liv.13997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loss of muscle mass and strength is common in cirrhosis and increases the risk of hyperammonaemia and hepatic encephalopathy. Resistance training optimizes muscle mass and strength in several chronic diseases. However, the beneficial effects of resistance training in cirrhosis remain to be investigated. Bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats develop chronic liver disease, hyperammonaemia, reduced muscle mass and strength. Our aim was to test the effects of resistance training on muscle mass, function and ammonia metabolism in BDL-rats. METHODS A group of BDL-rats underwent a progressive resistance training programme and a group of non-exercise BDL-rats served as controls. Resistance training comprised of ladder climbing with a progressive increase in carrying weights attached to the tail. Training was performed 5 days a week during 4 weeks. Muscle strength and body composition were assessed using grip strength and EchoMRI. Weight and circumference of the gastrocnemius muscle (normalized to bodyweight), plasma ammonia and glutamine synthetase protein expression and activity were assessed. RESULTS BDL + exercise rats had significantly larger gastrocnemius circumference compared to non-exercise BDL-rats: ratio 0.082 vs 0.075 (P < 0.05). Gastrocnemius muscle weight was higher in exercisers than controls: 0.006 vs 0.005 (P < 0.05). A tendency towards a lower plasma ammonia in the exercise group compared to controls was observed (P = 0.10). There were no differences in lean body mass, GS protein expression and activity between the groups. CONCLUSION Resistance training in rats with chronic liver disease beneficially effects muscle mass and strength. The effects were followed by non-significant reduction in blood ammonia; however, a tendency was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luise Aamann
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rafael Ochoa-Sanchez
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mariana Oliveira
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Tremblay
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chantal Bémeur
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Gitte Dam
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hendrik Vilstrup
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Kristian Aagaard
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Touron J, Perrault H, Julian V, Maisonnave L, Deat P, Auclair-Ronzaud J, Salles J, Walrand S, Hermet J, Rigaudiere JP, Lebecque P, Malpuech-Brugere C, Montaurier C, Pereira B, Coxam V, Costes F, Richard R. Impact of Eccentric or Concentric Training on Body Composition and Energy Expenditure. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1944-1953. [PMID: 30920487 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the effects of 8-wk eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) training using downhill and uphill running in rats on whole body composition, bone mineral density (BMD), and energy expenditure. METHODS Animals were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1) control (CTRL), 2) +15% uphill-running slope (CON), 3) -15% downhill-running slope (ECC15), and 4) -30% downhill-running slope (ECC30). Those programs enabled to achieve conditions of isopower output for CON and ECC15 and of iso-oxygen uptake (V˙O2) for CON and ECC30. Trained rats ran 45 min at 15 m·min five times per week. Total body mass, fat body mass, and lean body mass (LBM) measured through EchoMRI™, and 24-h energy expenditure including basal metabolic rate (BMR) assessed using PhenoMaster/LabMaster™ cage system were obtained before and after training. At sacrifice, the right femur was collected for bone parameters analysis. RESULTS Although total body mass increased in all groups over the 8-wk period, almost no change occurred for fat body mass in exercised groups (CON, -4.8 ± 6.18 g; ECC15, 0.6 ± 3.32 g; ECC30, 2.6 ± 6.01 g). The gain in LBM was mainly seen for ECC15 (88.9 ± 6.85 g) and ECC30 (101.6 ± 11.07 g). ECC was also seen to positively affect BMD. An increase in BMR from baseline was seen in exercise groups (CON, 13.9 ± 4.13 kJ·d; ECC15, 11.6 ± 5.10 kJ·d; ECC30, 18.3 ± 4.33 kJ·d) but not in CTRL one. This difference disappeared when BMR was normalized for LBM. CONCLUSIONS Results indicate that for iso-V˙O2 training, the impact on LBM and BMD is enhanced with ECC as compared with CON, and that for isopower but lower V˙O2 ECC, an important stimulus for adaptation is still observed. This provides further insights for the use of ECC in populations with cardiorespiratory exercise limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne Touron
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Hélène Perrault
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Valérie Julian
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.,Department of Sports Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Laura Maisonnave
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Philippe Deat
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | - Jérôme Salles
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Patrice Lebecque
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | | | | | - Bruno Pereira
- Delegation to Clinical Research and Innovation, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Véronique Coxam
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Frédéric Costes
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.,Department of Sports Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
| | - Ruddy Richard
- Human Nutrition Unit, ASMS Team, CRNH Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE.,Department of Sports Medicine and Functional Explorations, University Hospital of Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, FRANCE
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32
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Duan M, Sun X, Ma N, Liu Y, Luo T, Song S, Ai C. Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica alleviated metabolic syndrome in BALB/c mice by normalizing the gut microbiota. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 121:996-1004. [PMID: 30342121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica (LJPs) are reported to have various functional properties, but the effects and mechanisms of LJPs on obesity and its related diseases are unclear. This study demonstrated that LJPs prevented diet-induced obesity in a mice model, and improved obesity-related parameters, e.g. fat accumulation in the liver and adipose tissues, body composition, lipids profile, and the morphology of the intestine. Such effects were associated with the modulation of the gut microbiota, involving some members of the Bacteroidetes phylum. Changes in the gut microbiota could improve nutrient utilization, increase microbial metabolites production, and thus regulate lipids metabolism in the body. In short, it sought to indicate that L. japonica can be developed as food supplement for the improvement of metabolic syndrome and the human gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Duan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Xiaona Sun
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Na Ma
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Yili Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Tengrui Luo
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Shuang Song
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China
| | - Chunqing Ai
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China; National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Marine Bioactive Polysaccharide Development and Application, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, PR China.
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Duffy CM, Hofmeister JJ, Nixon JP, Butterick TA. High fat diet increases cognitive decline and neuroinflammation in a model of orexin loss. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 157:41-47. [PMID: 30471346 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Midlife obesity is a risk factor for cognitive decline and is associated with the earlier onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Diets high in saturated fat potentiate the onset of obesity, microglial activation, and neuroinflammation. Signaling deficiencies in the hypothalamic peptide orexin and/or orexin fiber loss are linked to neurodegeneration, cognitive impairment, and neuroinflammation. Prior studies show that orexin is neuroprotective, suppresses neuroinflammation, and that treatment with orexin improves cognitive processes in orexin/ataxin-3 (O/A3) mice, a transgenic mouse model of orexin neurodegeneration. Our overall hypothesis is that loss of orexin contributes to high fat diet (HFD)-induced hippocampal neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. To examine this, we tested male O/A3 mice (7-8 mo. of age) in a two-way active avoidance (TWAA) hippocampus-dependent memory task. We tested whether (1) orexin loss impaired cognitive function; (2) HFD worsened cognitive impairment; and (3) HFD increased microglial activation and neuroinflammation. O/A3 mice showed significant impairments in TWAA task learning vs. wild type (WT) mice (increased escapes p < 0.05, reduced avoidances p < 0.0001). Mice were then placed on HFD (45% total fat, 31.4% saturated fat) or remained on normal chow (NC; 4% total fat and 1% saturated fat), and TWAA was retested at 2 and 4 weeks. Learning impairment was evident at both 2 and 4 weeks in O/A3 mice fed HFD for following diet exposure vs. WT mice on normal chow or HFD (increased escapes, reduced avoidances p < 0.05). Additionally, O/A3 mice had increased gene expression of the microglial activation marker Iba-1 (measured via qRT-PCR, p < 0.001). Further characterization of the microglial immune response genes in hippocampal tissue revealed a significant increase in CX3 chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the mitochondria-associated enzyme immune responsive gene-1 (Irg1). Collectively, our results indicate that orexin loss impairs memory, and that HFD accelerates hippocampus-dependent learning deficits and the onset of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Duffy
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - J J Hofmeister
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Minneapolis Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - J P Nixon
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; Minneapolis Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - T A Butterick
- Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States; Minneapolis Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States.
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34
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Ariamoghaddam AR, Ebrahimi-Hosseinzadeh B, Hatamian-Zarmi A, Sahraeian R. In vivo anti-obesity efficacy of curcumin loaded nanofibers transdermal patches in high-fat diet induced obese rats. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:161-171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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35
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Dietary Fat, but Not Protein or Carbohydrate, Regulates Energy Intake and Causes Adiposity in Mice. Cell Metab 2018; 28:415-431.e4. [PMID: 30017356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The impacts of different macronutrients on body weight regulation remain unresolved, with different studies suggesting increased dietary fat, increased carbohydrates (particularly sugars), or reduced protein may all stimulate overconsumption and drive obesity. We exposed C57BL/6 mice to 29 different diets varying from 8.3% to 80% fat, 10% to 80% carbohydrate, 5% to 30% protein, and 5% to 30% sucrose. Only increased dietary fat content was associated with elevated energy intake and adiposity. This response was associated with increased gene expression in the 5-HT receptors, and the dopamine and opioid signaling pathways in the hypothalamus. We replicated the core findings in four other mouse strains (DBA/2, BALB/c, FVB, and C3H). Mice regulate their food consumption primarily to meet an energy rather than a protein target, but this system can be over-ridden by hedonic factors linked to fat, but not sucrose, consumption.
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36
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The beneficial effects of Gracilaria lemaneiformis polysaccharides on obesity and the gut microbiota in high fat diet-fed mice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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37
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Lin C, Fesi BD, Marquis M, Bosak NP, Lysenko A, Koshnevisan MA, Duke FF, Theodorides ML, Nelson TM, McDaniel AH, Avigdor M, Arayata CJ, Shaw L, Bachmanov AA, Reed DR. Burly1 is a mouse QTL for lean body mass that maps to a 0.8-Mb region of chromosome 2. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:325-343. [PMID: 29737391 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9746-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
To fine map a mouse QTL for lean body mass (Burly1), we used information from intercross, backcross, consomic, and congenic mice derived from the C57BL/6ByJ (host) and 129P3/J (donor) strains. The results from these mapping populations were concordant and showed that Burly1 is located between 151.9 and 152.7 Mb (rs33197365 to rs3700604) on mouse chromosome 2. The congenic region harboring Burly1 contains 26 protein-coding genes, 11 noncoding RNA elements (e.g., lncRNA), and 4 pseudogenes, with 1949 predicted functional variants. Of the protein-coding genes, 7 have missense variants, including genes that may contribute to lean body weight, such as Angpt41, Slc52c3, and Rem1. Lean body mass was increased by the B6-derived variant relative to the 129-derived allele. Burly1 influenced lean body weight at all ages but not food intake or locomotor activity. However, congenic mice with the B6 allele produced more heat per kilogram of lean body weight than did controls, pointing to a genotype effect on lean mass metabolism. These results show the value of integrating information from several mapping populations to refine the map location of body composition QTLs and to identify a short list of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cailu Lin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brad D Fesi
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael Marquis
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Natalia P Bosak
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Anna Lysenko
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Fujiko F Duke
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Theodore M Nelson
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Amanda H McDaniel
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Mauricio Avigdor
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Charles J Arayata
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lauren Shaw
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Danielle R Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, 3500 Market St, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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38
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Drummond HA, Xiang L, Chade AR, Hester R. Enhanced maximal exercise capacity, vasodilation to electrical muscle contraction, and hind limb vascular density in ASIC1a null mice. Physiol Rep 2018; 5:5/15/e13368. [PMID: 28784852 PMCID: PMC5555894 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid‐sensing ion channel (ASIC) proteins form extracellular proton‐gated, cation‐selective channels in neurons and vascular smooth muscle cells and are proposed to act as extracellular proton sensors. However, their importance to vascular responses under conditions associated with extracellular acidosis, such as strenuous exercise, is unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if one ASIC protein, ASIC1a, contributes to extracellular proton‐gated vascular responses and exercise tolerance. To determine if ASIC1a contributes to exercise tolerance, we determined peak oxygen (O2) uptake in conscious ASIC1a−/− mice during exhaustive treadmill running. Loss of ASIC1a was associated with a greater peak running speed (60 ± 2 vs. 53 ± 3 m·min−1, P = 0.049) and peak oxygen (O2) uptake during exhaustive treadmill running (9563 ± 120 vs. 8836 ± 276 mL·kg−1·h−1, n = 6–7, P = 0.0082). There were no differences in absolute or relative lean body mass, as determined by EchoMRI. To determine if ASIC1a contributes to vascular responses during muscle contraction, we measured femoral vascular conductance (FVC) during a stepwise electrical stimulation (0.5–5.0 Hz at 3 V for 60 sec) of the left major hind limb muscles. FVC increased to a greater extent in ASIC1a−/− versus ASIC1a+/+ mice (0.44 ± 0.03 vs. 0.30 ± 0.04 mL·min−1·100 g hind limb mass−1 · mmHg−1, n = 5 each, P = 0.0009). Vasodilation following local application of external protons in the spinotrapezius muscle increased the duration, but not the magnitude, of the vasodilatory response in ASIC1a−/− mice. Finally, we examined hind limb vascular density using micro‐CT and found increased density of 0–80 μm vessels (P < 0.05). Our findings suggest an increased vascular density and an enhanced vasodilatory response to local protons, to a lesser degree, may contribute to the enhanced vascular conductance and increased peak exercise capacity in ASIC1a−/− mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Drummond
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Lusha Xiang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Alejandro R Chade
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
| | - Robert Hester
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Excellence in Cardiovascular-Renal Research, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi
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Jayson S, Harding L, Michaels CJ, Tapley B, Hedley J, Goetz M, Barbon A, Garcia G, Lopez J, Flach E. Development of a body condition score for the mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax). Zoo Biol 2018; 37:196-205. [PMID: 29655202 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The Critically Endangered mountain chicken frog (Leptodactylus fallax) has undergone drastic population decline due to habitat loss, hunting, invasive species, and chytridiomycosis. In response, several partner institutions initiated a conservation breeding program. It is important to maintain the captive population in good health. Therefore the program partners have recommended establishment of protocols for health examination of the species, including body condition assessment. Visual body condition scoring is a useful means to assess body condition in zoo animals for which regular bodyweight measurements are impractical or associated with capture-related stress. In this study, the authors developed a visual body condition score for the mountain chicken frog based on an ordinal categorical scale from 1 to 5 (1 = lowest body condition, 5 = highest body condition) using anatomical features that vary with total body energy reserves. Veterinary staff, animal managers, keepers, researchers, and students subsequently used the body condition score to assign scores to 98 mountain chicken frogs (41 male, 57 female) aged between 8 months and 12 years housed in five zoos in the UK and Jersey between February and March 2016. Body condition scores showed moderate (rho = 0.54; males) to strong (rho = 0.6; females) correlation with the scaled mass index, an objective measure of total energy reserves. The majority of pairwise comparisons between scores showed slight to substantial intra-observer agreement (93.8%) and slight to almost perfect inter-observer agreement (97.2%). Cases of poor agreement were likely due to limited observer experience working with the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Jayson
- Zoological Society of London, London Zoo, Regent's Park, London.,The Royal Veterinary College, London
| | - Luke Harding
- Paignton Zoo Environmental Park, Paignton, Devon
| | | | - Benjamin Tapley
- Zoological Society of London, London Zoo, Regent's Park, London
| | | | - Matthias Goetz
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey Zoo, Trinity, Jersey
| | - Alberto Barbon
- Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust, Jersey Zoo, Trinity, Jersey
| | | | | | - Edmund Flach
- Zoological Society of London, London Zoo, Regent's Park, London
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40
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Kleinert M, Clemmensen C, Hofmann SM, Moore MC, Renner S, Woods SC, Huypens P, Beckers J, de Angelis MH, Schürmann A, Bakhti M, Klingenspor M, Heiman M, Cherrington AD, Ristow M, Lickert H, Wolf E, Havel PJ, Müller TD, Tschöp MH. Animal models of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:140-162. [PMID: 29348476 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than one-third of the worldwide population is overweight or obese and therefore at risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. In order to mitigate this pandemic, safer and more potent therapeutics are urgently required. This necessitates the continued use of animal models to discover, validate and optimize novel therapeutics for their safe use in humans. In order to improve the transition from bench to bedside, researchers must not only carefully select the appropriate model but also draw the right conclusions. In this Review, we consolidate the key information on the currently available animal models of obesity and diabetes and highlight the advantages, limitations and important caveats of each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kleinert
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Clemmensen
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Ziemssenstr. 1, D-80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Mary C Moore
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Simone Renner
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephen C Woods
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Metabolic Diseases Institute, 2170 East Galbraith Road, Cincinnati, Ohio 45237, USA
| | - Peter Huypens
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Beckers
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Chair of Experimental Genetics, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Annette Schürmann
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Experimental Diabetology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE), Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, D-14558 Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair of Molecular Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Else Kröner-Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
- Institute for Food & Health, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Mark Heiman
- MicroBiome Therapeutics, 1316 Jefferson Ave, New Orleans, Louisiana 70115, USA
| | - Alan D Cherrington
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA
| | - Michael Ristow
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, CH-8603 Zurich-Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Lickert
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Eckhard Wolf
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center, Ludwig-Maximilan University München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, 3135 Meyer Hall, University of California, Davis, California 95616-5270, USA
| | - Timo D Müller
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias H Tschöp
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic Diseases, Department of Medicine, Technische Universität München, D-80333 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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Hughes KL, Whiteman JP, Newsome SD. The relationship between dietary protein content, body condition, and Δ15N in a mammalian omnivore. Oecologia 2017; 186:357-367. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mavanji V, Butterick TA, Duffy CM, Nixon JP, Billington CJ, Kotz CM. Orexin/hypocretin treatment restores hippocampal-dependent memory in orexin-deficient mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 146:21-30. [PMID: 29107703 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Orexin A is produced in neurons of the lateral, perifornical and dorsomedial regions of the lateral hypothalamic area, which then project widely throughout the central nervous system to regulate arousal state, sleep-wake architecture, energy homeostasis and cognitive processes. Disruption of orexin signaling leads to sleep disturbances and increased body mass index, but recent studies also indicate that orexin neuron activation improves learning and memory. We hypothesized that hippocampal orexin receptor activation improves memory. To test this idea, we obtained orexin/ataxin-3 (O/A3) mice, which become deficient in orexin neurons by about 12 weeks of age. We first measured hippocampal orexin receptor 1 (OX1R) gene expression and protein levels, then tested acquisition and consolidation of two-way active avoidance (TWAA) memory, a hippocampal-dependent learning and memory task. Finally, we determined if exogenous intra-hippocampal OXA treatment could reverse cognitive impairment (as determined by TWAA) in OA/3 mice. We showed that OX1R mRNA expression and protein levels were significantly elevated in O/A3 mice, indicating the potential for preserved orexin responsiveness. The O/A3 mice were significantly impaired in TWAA memory vs. control mice, but OXA treatment (both acute and chronic) reversed these memory deficits. These results demonstrate that orexin plays an important role in hippocampal-dependent consolidation of two-way active avoidance memory, and orexin replacement can rescue the cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Mavanji
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA
| | - Tammy A Butterick
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Cayla M Duffy
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; Minnesota's Discovery, Research and Innovation Economy, Brain Conditions, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Joshua P Nixon
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108 USA
| | - Charles J Billington
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Catherine M Kotz
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA; Minnesota Obesity Center, St Paul, MN 55108 USA; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN 55417 USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.
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Toro-Ramos T, Paley C, Wong WW, Pi-Sunyer FX, Yu W, Thornton J, Gallagher D. Reliability of the EchoMRI Infants System for Water and Fat Measurements in Newborns. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:1577-1583. [PMID: 28712143 PMCID: PMC5669386 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The precision and accuracy of a quantitative magnetic resonance (EchoMRI Infants) system in newborns were determined. METHODS Canola oil and drinking water phantoms (increments of 10 g to 1.9 kg) were scanned four times. Instrument reproducibility was assessed from three scans (within 10 minutes) in 42 healthy term newborns (12-70 hours post birth). Instrument precision was determined from the coefficient of variation (CV) of repeated scans for total water, lean mass, and fat measures for newborns and the mean difference between weight and measurement for phantoms. In newborns, the system accuracy for total body water (TBW) was tested against deuterium dilution (D2 O). RESULTS In phantoms, the repeatability and accuracy of fat and water measurements increased as the weight of oil and water increased. TBW was overestimated in amounts >200 g. In newborns weighing 3.14 kg, fat, lean mass, and TBW were 0.52 kg (16.48%), 2.28 kg, and 2.40 kg, respectively. EchoMRI's reproducibility (CV) was 3.27%, 1.83%, and 1.34% for total body fat, lean mass, and TBW, respectively. EchoMRI-TBW values did not differ from D2 O; mean difference, -1.95 ± 6.76%, P = 0.387; mean bias (limits of agreement), 0.046 kg (-0.30 to 0.39 kg). CONCLUSIONS The EchoMRI Infants system's precision and accuracy for total body fat and lean mass are better than established techniques and equivalent to D2 O for TBW in phantoms and newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Toro-Ramos
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charles Paley
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai-Roosevelt Hospital, New York, New York, USA
| | - William W. Wong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - W. Yu
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Dympna Gallagher
- New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Dept. of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition; Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Ability of palatable food consumption to buffer against the short- and long-term behavioral consequences of social defeat exposure during juvenility in rats. Physiol Behav 2017; 177:113-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 and distal bowel resection on intestinal and systemic adaptive responses in rats. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181453. [PMID: 28738080 PMCID: PMC5524396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of exogenous glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), with or without massive distal bowel resection, on adaptation of jejunal mucosa, enteric neurons, gut hormones and tissue reserves in rats. BACKGROUND GLP-2 is a gut hormone known to be trophic for small bowel mucosa, and to mimic intestinal adaptation in short bowel syndrome (SBS). However, the effects of exogenous GLP-2 and SBS on enteric neurons are unclear. METHODS Sprague Dawley rats were randomized to four treatments: Transected Bowel (TB) (n = 8), TB + GLP-2 (2.5 nmol/kg/h, n = 8), SBS (n = 5), or SBS + GLP-2 (2.5 nmol/kg/h, n = 9). SBS groups underwent a 60% jejunoileal resection with cecectomy and jejunocolic anastomosis. All rats were maintained on parenteral nutrition for 7 d. Parameters measured included gut morphometry, qPCR for hexose transporter (SGLT-1, GLUT-2, GLUT-5) and GLP-2 receptor mRNA, whole mount immunohistochemistry for neurons (HuC/D, VIP, nNOS), plasma glucose, gut hormones, and body composition. RESULTS Resection increased the proportion of nNOS immunopositive myenteric neurons, intestinal muscularis propria thickness and crypt cell proliferation, which were not recapitulated by GLP-2 therapy. Exogenous GLP-2 increased jejunal mucosal surface area without affecting enteric VIP or nNOS neuronal immunopositivity, attenuated resection-induced reductions in jejunal hexose transporter abundance (SGLT-1, GLUT-2), increased plasma amylin and decreased peptide YY concentrations. Exogenous GLP-2 attenuated resection-induced increases in blood glucose and body fat loss. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous GLP-2 stimulates jejunal adaptation independent of enteric neuronal VIP or nNOS changes, and has divergent effects on plasma amylin and peptide YY concentrations. The novel ability of exogenous GLP-2 to modulate resection-induced changes in peripheral glucose and lipid reserves may be important in understanding the whole-body response following intestinal resection, and is worthy of further study.
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Krishnan A, Abdullah TS, Mounajjed T, Hartono S, McConico A, White T, LeBrasseur N, Lanza I, Nair S, Gores G, Charlton M. A longitudinal study of whole body, tissue, and cellular physiology in a mouse model of fibrosing NASH with high fidelity to the human condition. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2017; 312:G666-G680. [PMID: 28232454 PMCID: PMC6146305 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00213.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The sequence of events that lead to inflammation and fibrosing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is incompletely understood. Hence, we investigated the chronology of whole body, tissue, and cellular events that occur during the evolution of diet-induced NASH. Male C57Bl/6 mice were assigned to a fast-food (FF; high calorie, high cholesterol, high fructose) or standard-chow (SC) diet over a period of 36 wk. Liver histology, body composition, mitochondrial respiration, metabolic rate, gene expression, and hepatic lipid content were analyzed. Insulin resistance [homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)] increased 10-fold after 4 wk. Fibrosing NASH was fully established by 16 wk. Total hepatic lipids increased by 4 wk and remained two- to threefold increased throughout. Hepatic triglycerides declined from sixfold increase at 8 wk to threefold increase by 36 wk. In contrast, hepatic cholesterol levels steadily increased from baseline at 8 wk to twofold by 36 wk. The hepatic immune cell population altered over time with macrophages persisting beyond 16 wk. Mitochondrial oxygen flux rates of FF mice diet were uniformly lower with all the tested substrates (13-276 pmol·s-1·ml-1 per unit citrate synthase) than SC mice (17-394 pmol·s-1·ml-1 per unit citrate synthase) and was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial:nuclear gene copy number ratios after 4 wk. Metabolic rate was lower in FF mice. Mitochondrial glutathione was significantly decreased at 24 wk in FF mice. Expression of dismutases and catalase was also decreased in FF mice. The evolution of NASH in the FF diet-induced model is multiphasic, particularly in terms of hepatic lipid composition. Insulin resistance precedes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion occur after the histological features of NASH are apparent. Collectively, these observations provide a unique overview of the sequence of changes that coevolve with the histological evolution of NASH.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates in a first of kind longitudinal analysis, the evolution of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) on a fast-food diet-induced model. Key findings include 1) hepatic lipid composition changes in a multiphasic fashion as NASH evolves; 2) insulin resistance precedes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, answering a longstanding chicken-and-egg question regarding the relationship of insulin resistance to liver histology in NASH; and 3) mitochondrial dysfunction and depletion occur after the histological features of NASH are apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tasduq Sheikh Abdullah
- 2Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Jammu and Kashmir, India;
| | - Taofic Mounajjed
- 3Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Stella Hartono
- 4Division of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Andrea McConico
- 5Division of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Thomas White
- 6Robert and Arlene Kogod Centre for Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Nathan LeBrasseur
- 6Robert and Arlene Kogod Centre for Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Ian Lanza
- 7Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Sreekumaran Nair
- 7Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; and
| | - Gregory Gores
- 1Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
| | - Michael Charlton
- Division of Gastroenterology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; .,Division of Hepatology, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Renner SW, Walker LM, Forsberg LJ, Sexton JZ, Brenman JE. Carbonic anhydrase III (Car3) is not required for fatty acid synthesis and does not protect against high-fat diet induced obesity in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176502. [PMID: 28437447 PMCID: PMC5402959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the reversible condensation of water and carbon dioxide to carbonic acid, which spontaneously dissociates to bicarbonate. Carbonic anhydrase III (Car3) is nutritionally regulated at both the mRNA and protein level. It is highly enriched in tissues that synthesize and/or store fat: liver, white adipose tissue, brown adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Previous characterization of Car3 knockout mice focused on mice fed standard diets, not high-fat diets that significantly alter the tissues that highly express Car3. We observed lower protein levels of Car3 in high-fat diet fed mice treated with niclosamide, a drug published to improve fatty liver symptoms in mice. However, it is unknown if Car3 is simply a biomarker reflecting lipid accumulation or whether it has a functional role in regulating lipid metabolism. We focused our in vitro studies toward metabolic pathways that require bicarbonate. To further determine the role of Car3 in metabolism, we measured de novo fatty acid synthesis with in vitro radiolabeled experiments and examined metabolic biomarkers in Car3 knockout and wild type mice fed high-fat diet. Specifically, we analyzed body weight, body composition, metabolic rate, insulin resistance, serum and tissue triglycerides. Our results indicate that Car3 is not required for de novo lipogenesis, and Car3 knockout mice fed high-fat diet do not have significant differences in responses to various diets to wild type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah W. Renner
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Lauren M. Walker
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Lawrence J. Forsberg
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Z. Sexton
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jay E. Brenman
- Genetics and Molecular Biology Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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Bosoi CR, Oliveira MM, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Tremblay M, Ten Have GA, Deutz NE, Rose CF, Bemeur C. The bile duct ligated rat: A relevant model to study muscle mass loss in cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:513-518. [PMID: 27981407 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle mass loss and hepatic encephalopathy (complex neuropsychiatric disorder) are serious complications of chronic liver disease (cirrhosis) which impact negatively on clinical outcome and quality of life and increase mortality. Liver disease leads to hyperammonemia and ammonia toxicity is believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy. However, the effects of ammonia are not brain-specific and therefore may also affect other organs and tissues including muscle. The precise pathophysiological mechanisms underlying muscle wasting in chronic liver disease remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we characterized body composition as well as muscle protein synthesis in cirrhotic rats with hepatic encephalopathy using the 6-week bile duct ligation (BDL) model which recapitulates the main features of cirrhosis. Compared to sham-operated control animals, BDL rats display significant decreased gain in body weight, altered body composition, decreased gastrocnemius muscle mass and circumference as well as altered muscle morphology. Muscle protein synthesis was also significantly reduced in BDL rats compared to control animals. These findings demonstrate that the 6-week BDL experimental rat is a relevant model to study liver disease-induced muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina R Bosoi
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mariana M Oliveira
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Mélanie Tremblay
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gabriella A Ten Have
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Nicolaas E Deutz
- Center for Translational Research in Aging & Longevity, Department of Health & Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Chantal Bemeur
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
- Département de nutrition, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, CP 6128 Succ. Centre-ville, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Marmonti E, Busquets S, Toledo M, Ricci M, Beltrà M, Gudiño V, Oliva F, López-Pedrosa JM, Manzano M, Rueda R, López-Soriano FJ, Argilés JM. A Rat Immobilization Model Based on Cage Volume Reduction: A Physiological Model for Bed Rest? Front Physiol 2017; 8:184. [PMID: 28424626 PMCID: PMC5372807 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bed rest has been an established treatment in the past prescribed for critically illness or convalescing patients, in order to preserve their body metabolic resource, to prevent serious complications and to support their rapid path to recovery. However, it has been reported that prolonged bed rest can have detrimental consequences that may delay or prevent the recovery from clinical illness. In order to study disuse-induced changes in muscle and bone, as observed during prolonged bed rest in humans, an innovative new model of muscle disuse for rodents is presented. Basically, the animals are confined to a reduced space designed to restrict their locomotion movements and allow them to drink and eat easily, without generating physical stress. The animals were immobilized for either 7, 14, or 28 days. The immobilization procedure induced a significant decrease of food intake, both at 14 and 28 days of immobilization. The reduced food intake was not a consequence of a stress condition induced by the model since plasma corticosterone levels –an indicator of a stress response– were not altered following the immobilization period. The animals showed a significant decrease in soleus muscle mass, grip force and cross-sectional area (a measure of fiber size), together with a decrease in bone mineral density. The present model may potentially serve to investigate the effects of bed-rest in pathological states characterized by a catabolic condition, such as diabetes or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrica Marmonti
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Sílvia Busquets
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Míriam Toledo
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Ricci
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Victòria Gudiño
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Oliva
- Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Francisco J López-Soriano
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Argilés
- Cancer Research Group, Facultat de Biologia, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain.,Institut de Biomedicina de la Universitat de BarcelonaBarcelona, Spain
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50
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Nakano K, Takeshita S, Kawasaki N, Miyanaga W, Okamatsu Y, Dohi M, Nakagawa T. AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice. Int J Mol Med 2017; 39:841-850. [PMID: 28290602 PMCID: PMC5360432 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired glycogen synthesis and turnover are common in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. As glycogen synthase (GS) is a key enzyme involved in the synthetic process, it presents a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we identified a novel, potent and orally available GS activator AJS1669 {sodium 2-[[5-[[4-(4,5-difluoro-2-methylsulfanyl-phenyl) phenoxy] methyl]furan-2-carbonyl]-(2-furylmethyl)amino] acetate}. In vitro, we performed a glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) activation assay for screening GS activators and identified that the activity of AJS1669 was further potentiated in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). In vivo, we used ob/ob mice to evaluate the novel anti-diabetic effects of AJS1669 by measuring basal blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and body fat mass index. Repeated administration of AJS1669 over 4 weeks reduced blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in ob/ob mice. AJS1669 also improved glucose tolerance in a dose-dependent manner, and decreased body fat mass. The mRNA levels of genes involved in mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis were elevated in skeletal muscle tissue following AJS1669 treatment. Hepatic tissue of treated mice also exhibited elevated expression of genes associated with fatty acid oxidation. In contrast to ob/ob mice, in C57Bl/6 mice AJS1669 administration did not alter body weight or reduce glucose levels. These results demonstrate that pharmacological agents that activate GYS1, the main GS subtype found in skeletal muscle, have potential for use as novel treatments for diabetes that improve glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Nakano
- Innovation Promotion Department, Research Institute, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-868, Japan
| | - Sen Takeshita
- Innovation Promotion Department, Research Institute, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-868, Japan
| | - Noriko Kawasaki
- Nutrition and Health Science Group Frontier Research Laboratories, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Wataru Miyanaga
- Business Development Department, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0042, Japan
| | - Yoriko Okamatsu
- Novel Projects Research Group, Institute for Innovation, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8681, Japan
| | - Mizuki Dohi
- Innovation Promotion Department, Research Institute, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-868, Japan
| | - Tadakiyo Nakagawa
- Intellectual Property Department, EA Pharma Co., Ltd., Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0042, Japan
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