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Zhang Z, Wang M, Gill D, Liu X, Zhu W. Association of Genetically Predicted Anxiety and Depression With Functional Outcome After Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Neurology 2024; 103:e209776. [PMID: 39116372 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000209776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Anxiety and depression have implications for ischemic stroke recovery. This study explored the association of genetically predicted anxiety and depression with functional outcome after ischemic stroke using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Independent genetic variants associated with anxiety and depression at genome-wide significance level (p < 5 × 10-8) were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (Nmax = 1,306,354). Genetic results of poststroke outcome were obtained from Genetics of Ischemic Stroke Functional Outcome meta-analysis (N = 6,021). Three months after ischemic stroke event, the functional outcome was appraised with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, and a mRS >2 was defined as worse functional outcome. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs are reported for the association of genetically predicted anxiety and depression with functional outcome after ischemic stroke. The inverse-variance weighted method was adopted to pool estimates. Alternative MR methods such as the weighted median and MR using the Robust Adjusted Profile Score were used as sensitivity analyses. The intercept of MR-Egger regression was also adopted to assess pleiotropy. The heterogeneity among variants was assessed by I2 and Q statistics. RESULTS Genetic liability to depression was associated with worse functional outcome after stroke (mRS 3-6, OR 2.30; 95% CI 1.18-4.49, p = 0.015). Sensitivity analyses produced consistent results. The bidirectional MR analysis indicates that poststroke outcome did not influence liability to depression (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.99-1.03; p = 0.436). By comparison, genetic liability to anxiety was not related with poststroke outcome (OR 1.03; 95% CI 0.71-1.50; p = 0.869). Analyses in models without adjustment for stroke severity also indicated that genetic liability to depression was related with poor functional outcome after ischemic stroke (OR 2.54; 95% CI 1.41-4.58; p = 0.002). No evidence of heterogeneity or directional pleiotropy was observed (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION Our MR study provides evidence to support detrimental effects of depression on ischemic stroke functional outcome. Future studies are warranted to explore whether clinical intervention on depression can ameliorate functional outcome after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhong Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Mengmeng Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Dipender Gill
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- From the Department of Neurology (Z.Z., X.L., W.Z.), Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University; Department of Neurology (M.W.), The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu, China; and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (D.G.), School of Public Health, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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Banerjee P, Chau K, Kotla S, Davis EL, Turcios EB, Li S, Pengzhi Z, Wang G, Kolluru GK, Jain A, Cooke JP, Abe J, Le NT. A Potential Role for MAGI-1 in the Bi-Directional Relationship Between Major Depressive Disorder and Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2024; 26:463-483. [PMID: 38958925 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-024-01223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by persistent symptoms such as fatigue, loss of interest in activities, feelings of sadness and worthlessness. MDD often coexist with cardiovascular disease (CVD), yet the precise link between these conditions remains unclear. This review explores factors underlying the development of MDD and CVD, including genetic, epigenetic, platelet activation, inflammation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation, endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. RECENT FINDINGS Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the membrane-associated guanylate kinase WW and PDZ domain-containing protein 1 (MAGI-1) are associated with neuroticism and psychiatric disorders including MDD. SNPs in MAGI-1 are also linked to chronic inflammatory disorders such as spontaneous glomerulosclerosis, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Increased MAGI-1 expression has been observed in colonic epithelial samples from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis patients. MAGI-1 also plays a role in regulating EC activation and atherogenesis in mice and is essential for Influenza A virus (IAV) infection, endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced EC apoptosis, and thrombin-induced EC permeability. Despite being understudied in human disease; evidence suggests that MAGI-1 may play a role in linking CVD and MDD. Therefore, further investigation of MAG-1 could be warranted to elucidate its potential involvement in these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Khanh Chau
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sivareddy Kotla
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eleanor L Davis
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Estefani Berrios Turcios
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shengyu Li
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhang Pengzhi
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Jain
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Bryan, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Junichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
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Piazza GG, Allegrini AG, Eley TC, Epskamp S, Fried E, Isvoranu AM, Roiser JP, Pingault JB. Polygenic Scores and Networks of Psychopathology Symptoms. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:902-910. [PMID: 38865107 PMCID: PMC11170456 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Importance Studies on polygenic risk for psychiatric traits commonly use a disorder-level approach to phenotyping, implicitly considering disorders as homogeneous constructs; however, symptom heterogeneity is ubiquitous, with many possible combinations of symptoms falling under the same disorder umbrella. Focusing on individual symptoms may shed light on the role of polygenic risk in psychopathology. Objective To determine whether polygenic scores are associated with all symptoms of psychiatric disorders or with a subset of indicators and whether polygenic scores are associated with comorbid phenotypes via specific sets of relevant symptoms. Design, Setting, and Participants Data from 2 population-based cohort studies were used in this cross-sectional study. Data from children in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were included in the primary analysis, and data from children in the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) were included in confirmatory analyses. Data analysis was conducted from October 2021 to January 2024. Pregnant women based in the Southwest of England due to deliver in 1991 to 1992 were recruited in ALSPAC. Twins born in 1994 to 1996 were recruited in TEDS from population-based records. Participants with available genetic data and whose mothers completed the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire when children were 11 years of age were included. Main Outcomes and Measures Psychopathology relevant symptoms, such as hyperactivity, prosociality, depression, anxiety, and peer and conduct problems at age 11 years. Psychological networks were constructed including individual symptoms and polygenic scores for depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), body mass index (BMI), and educational attainment in ALSPAC. Following a preregistered confirmatory analysis, network models were cross-validated in TEDS. Results Included were 5521 participants from ALSPAC (mean [SD] age, 11.8 [0.14] years; 2777 [50.3%] female) and 4625 participants from TEDS (mean [SD] age, 11.27 [0.69] years; 2460 [53.2%] female). Polygenic scores were preferentially associated with restricted subsets of core symptoms and indirectly associated with other, more distal symptoms of psychopathology (network edges ranged between r = -0.074 and r = 0.073). Psychiatric polygenic scores were associated with specific cross-disorder symptoms, and nonpsychiatric polygenic scores were associated with a variety of indicators across disorders, suggesting a potential contribution of nonpsychiatric traits to comorbidity. For example, the polygenic score for ADHD was associated with a core ADHD symptom, being easily distracted (r = 0.07), and the polygenic score for BMI was associated with symptoms across disorders, including being bullied (r = 0.053) and not thinking things out (r = 0.041). Conclusions and Relevance Genetic associations observed at the disorder level may hide symptom-level heterogeneity. A symptom-level approach may enable a better understanding of the role of polygenic risk in shaping psychopathology and comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia G. Piazza
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea G. Allegrini
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thalia C. Eley
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sacha Epskamp
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eiko Fried
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jonathan P. Roiser
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zervou MI, Goulielmos GN. Comment on "beyond physical pain: A large-scale cohort study on endometriosis trends and mental health correlates". J Psychosom Res 2024; 184:111853. [PMID: 38924834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I Zervou
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - George N Goulielmos
- Section of Molecular Pathology and Human Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece.
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Toseeb U, Vincent J, Asbury K. Genetic influences on sibling bullying and mental health difficulties. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:1165-1174. [PMID: 38333945 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sibling bullying is associated with mental health difficulties; both in the short and long term. It is commonly assumed that sibling bullying leads to mental health difficulties but additional explanations for the relationship between the two are seldom investigated. METHODS To address this gap in knowledge, we used a genetically sensitive design with data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (maximum N = 3,959, 53% female). At ages 11-13 years, individuals self-reported their involvement in sibling bullying, as a victim and perpetrator, and parents reported on their child's mental health difficulties. Polygenic scores, indices of genetic risk for psychiatric disorders (major depressive disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) were computed using children's genetic data. Regression and structural equation models were fitted to the data. RESULTS Sibling bullying, victimisation and perpetration, and polygenic scores both predicted mental health difficulties in an additive manner but there was no interaction between them. Polygenic scores for mental health difficulties were also associated with sibling bullying. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that sibling bullying, victimisation and perpetration, is associated with mental health difficulties, even after accounting for some genetic effects. Additionally, the relationship between sibling bullying and mental health difficulties may be, at least partly, due to shared genetic aetiology. One possibility is that genetic risk for mental health difficulties influences the onset of mental health difficulties which in turn make children more susceptible to sibling bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Toseeb
- Department of Education, University of York, York, UK
| | - John Vincent
- Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience, Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, London, UK
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Grimes PZ, Adams MJ, Thng G, Edmonson-Stait AJ, Lu Y, McIntosh A, Cullen B, Larsson H, Whalley HC, Kwong ASF. Genetic Architectures of Adolescent Depression Trajectories in 2 Longitudinal Population Cohorts. JAMA Psychiatry 2024; 81:807-816. [PMID: 38748406 PMCID: PMC11097103 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.0983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Importance Adolescent depression is characterized by diverse symptom trajectories over time and has a strong genetic influence. Research has determined genetic overlap between depression and other psychiatric conditions; investigating the shared genetic architecture of heterogeneous depression trajectories is crucial for understanding disease etiology, prediction, and early intervention. Objective To investigate univariate and multivariate genetic risk for adolescent depression trajectories and assess generalizability across ancestries. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study entailed longitudinal growth modeling followed by polygenic risk score (PRS) association testing for individual and multitrait genetic models. Two longitudinal cohorts from the US and UK were used: the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD; N = 11 876) study and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 8787) study. Included were adolescents with genetic information and depression measures at up to 8 and 4 occasions, respectively. Study data were analyzed January to July 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Trajectories were derived from growth mixture modeling of longitudinal depression symptoms. PRSs were computed for depression, anxiety, neuroticism, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism in European ancestry. Genomic structural equation modeling was used to build multitrait genetic models of psychopathology followed by multitrait PRS. Depression PRSs were computed in African, East Asian, and Hispanic ancestries in the ABCD cohort only. Association testing was performed between all PRSs and trajectories for both cohorts. Results A total sample size of 14 112 adolescents (at baseline: mean [SD] age, 10.5 [0.5] years; 7269 male sex [52%]) from both cohorts were included in this analysis. Distinct depression trajectories (stable low, adolescent persistent, increasing, and decreasing) were replicated in the ALSPAC cohort (6096 participants; 3091 female [51%]) and ABCD cohort (8016 participants; 4274 male [53%]) between ages 10 and 17 years. Most univariate PRSs showed significant uniform associations with persistent trajectories, but fewer were significantly associated with intermediate (increasing and decreasing) trajectories. Multitrait PRSs-derived from a hierarchical factor model-showed the strongest associations for persistent trajectories (ABCD cohort: OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.26-1.68; ALSPAC cohort: OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.49), surpassing the effect size of univariate PRS in both cohorts. Multitrait PRSs were associated with intermediate trajectories but to a lesser extent (ABCD cohort: hierarchical increasing, OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.43; decreasing, OR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.40; ALSPAC cohort: hierarchical increasing, OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04-1.28; decreasing, OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.18-1.47). Transancestral genetic risk for depression showed no evidence for association with trajectories. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study revealed a high multitrait genetic loading of persistent symptom trajectories, consistent across traits and cohorts. Variability in univariate genetic association with intermediate trajectories may stem from environmental factors. Multitrait genetics may strengthen depression prediction models, but more diverse data are needed for generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy Z. Grimes
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J. Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Gladi Thng
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amelia J. Edmonson-Stait
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andrew McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Breda Cullen
- School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Heather C. Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Alex S. F. Kwong
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Kranzler HR, Davis CN, Feinn R, Jinwala Z, Khan Y, Oikonomou A, Silva-Lopez D, Burton I, Dixon M, Milone J, Ramirez S, Shifman N, Levey D, Gelernter J, Hartwell EE, Kember RL. Gene × environment effects and mediation involving adverse childhood events, mood and anxiety disorders, and substance dependence. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:1616-1627. [PMID: 38834750 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Adverse childhood events (ACEs) contribute to the development of mood and anxiety disorders and substance dependence. However, the extent to which these effects are direct or indirect and whether genetic risk moderates them is unclear. We examined associations among ACEs, mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence in 12,668 individuals (44.9% female, 42.5% African American/Black, 42.1% European American/white). Using latent variables for each phenotype, we modelled direct and indirect associations of ACEs with substance dependence, mediated by mood/anxiety disorders (the forward or 'self-medication' model) and of ACEs with mood/anxiety disorders, mediated by substance dependence (the reverse or 'substance-induced' model). In a subsample, we tested polygenic scores for the substance dependence and mood/anxiety disorder factors as moderators in the mediation models. Although there were significant indirect paths in both directions, mediation by mood/anxiety disorders (the forward model) was greater than that by substance dependence (the reverse model). Greater genetic risk for substance use disorders was associated with a weaker direct association between ACEs and substance dependence in both ancestry groups (reflecting gene × environment interactions) and a weaker indirect association in European-ancestry individuals (reflecting moderated mediation). We found greater evidence that substance dependence reflects self-medication of mood/anxiety disorders than that mood/anxiety disorders are substance induced. Among individuals at higher genetic risk for substance dependence, ACEs were less associated with that outcome. Following exposure to ACEs, multiple pathways appear to underlie the associations between mood/anxiety disorders and substance dependence. Specification of these pathways could inform individually targeted prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Christal N Davis
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard Feinn
- Department of Medical Sciences, Frank H. Netter School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, North Haven, CT, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariadni Oikonomou
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Damaris Silva-Lopez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Isabel Burton
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Morgan Dixon
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jackson Milone
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sarah Ramirez
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Shifman
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Daniel Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Emily E Hartwell
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rachel L Kember
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Breunig S, Lee YH, Karlson EW, Krishnan A, Lawrence JM, Schaffer LS, Grotzinger AD. Examining the Genetic Links between Clusters of Immune-mediated Diseases and Psychiatric Disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.18.24310651. [PMID: 39072040 PMCID: PMC11275673 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.18.24310651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Importance Autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases have been linked to psychiatric disorders in the phenotypic and genetic literature. However, a comprehensive model that investigates the association between a broad range of psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated disease in a multivariate framework is lacking. Objective This study aims to establish a factor structure based on the genetic correlations of immune-mediated diseases and investigate their genetic relationships with clusters of psychiatric disorders. Design Setting and Participants We utilized Genomic Structural Equation Modeling (Genomic SEM) to establish a factor structure of 11 immune-mediated diseases. Genetic correlations between these immune factors were examined with five established factors across 13 psychiatric disorders representing compulsive, schizophrenia/bipolar, neurodevelopmental, internalizing, and substance use disorders. We included GWAS summary statistics of individuals of European ancestry with sample sizes from 1,223 cases for Addison's disease to 170,756 cases for major depressive disorder. Main Outcomes and Measures Genetic correlations between psychiatric and immune-mediated disease factors and traits to determine genetic overlap. We develop and validate a new heterogeneity metric, Q Factor , that quantifies the degree to which factor correlations are driven by more specific pairwise associations. We also estimate residual genetic correlations between pairs of psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases. Results A four-factor model of immune-mediated diseases fit the data well and described a continuum from autoimmune to autoinflammatory diseases. The four factors reflected autoimmune, celiac, mixed pattern, and autoinflammatory diseases. Analyses revealed seven significant factor correlations between the immune and psychiatric factors, including autoimmune and mixed pattern diseases with the internalizing and substance use factors, and autoinflammatory diseases with the compulsive, schizophrenia/bipolar, and internalizing factors. Additionally, we find evidence of divergence in associations within factors as indicated by Q Factor . This is further supported by 14 significant residual genetic correlations between individual psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases. Conclusion and Relevance Our results revealed genetic links between clusters of immune-mediated diseases and psychiatric disorders. Current analyses indicate that previously described relationships between specific psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases often capture broader pathways of risk sharing indexed by our genomic factors, yet are more specific than a general association across all psychiatric disorders and immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Breunig
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Younga Heather Lee
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA Massachusetts General Hospital Brigham, Boston, MA USA
| | - Elizabeth W. Karlson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Jeremy M. Lawrence
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Lukas S. Schaffer
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Andrew D. Grotzinger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO USA
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Liu T, Wang Z, Kang X, Wang X, Ren G, Lv Y, Li J, Liu Y, Liang S, Nie Y, Luo H, Pan Y. Causal relationships between psychological disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:00042737-990000000-00383. [PMID: 38973539 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0000000000002825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Observational studies have shown bidirectional associations between psychological disorders (e.g. depression and anxiety) and functional gastrointestinal disorders. However, whether the relationships are causal is uncertain. Here, we used a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization method to investigate the association between psychological disorders and functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). METHODS We obtained genome-wide association study summary statistics for two common psychological disorders: depression (170 756 cases) and anxiety (31 977 cases), as well as for three common FGIDs: functional dyspepsia with 6666 cases, constipation with 26 919 cases, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with 7053 cases. These summary statistics were retrieved from several publicly available genome-wide association study databases. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the main Mendelian randomization method. RESULTS Inverse variance weighted Mendelian randomization analyses showed statistically significant associations between genetically predicted depression and risk of functional dyspepsia [odds ratio (OR): 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-1.82], constipation (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13-1.44), and IBS (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.37-1.67). Genetically predicted anxiety was associated with a higher risk of IBS (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.10-1.17) instead of functional dyspepsia and constipation. In addition, genetically predicted IBS instead of functional dyspepsia and constipation was associated with a higher risk of depression (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.12-1.57) and anxiety (OR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.05-4.03). CONCLUSION Depression is a causal risk factor for three common FGIDs. A bidirectional causal relationship between IBS and anxiety or depression was also identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangyi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers and National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Strom NI, Verhulst B, Bacanu SA, Cheesman R, Purves KL, Gedik H, Mitchell BL, Kwong AS, Faucon AB, Singh K, Medland S, Colodro-Conde L, Krebs K, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Gehlen J, Ripke S, Awasthi S, Palviainen T, Tasanko EM, Peterson RE, Adkins DE, Shabalin AA, Adams MJ, Iveson MH, Campbell A, Thomas LF, Winsvold BS, Drange OK, Børte S, Ter Kuile AR, Nguyen TH, Meier SM, Corfield EC, Hannigan L, Levey DF, Czamara D, Weber H, Choi KW, Pistis G, Couvy-Duchesne B, Van der Auwera S, Teumer A, Karlsson R, Garcia-Argibay M, Lee D, Wang R, Bjerkeset O, Stordal E, Bäckmann J, Salum GA, Zai CC, Kennedy JL, Zai G, Tiwari AK, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Schmidt B, Kaprio J, Kennedy MM, Boden J, Havdahl A, Middeldorp CM, Lopes FL, Akula N, McMahon FJ, Binder EB, Fehm L, Ströhle A, Castelao E, Tiemeier H, Stein DJ, Whiteman D, Olsen C, Fuller Z, Wang X, Wray NR, Byrne EM, Lewis G, Timpson NJ, Davis LK, Hickie IB, Gillespie NA, Milani L, Schumacher J, Woldbye DP, Forstner AJ, Nöthen MM, Hovatta I, Horwood J, Copeland WE, Maes HH, McIntosh AM, Andreassen OA, Zwart JA, Mors O, Børglum AD, Mortensen PB, Ask H, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Najman JM, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Milaneschi Y, Penninx BW, Boomsma DI, Maron E, Erhardt-Lehmann A, Rück C, Kircher TT, Melzig CA, Alpers GW, Arolt V, Domschke K, Smoller JW, Preisig M, Martin NG, Lupton MK, Luik AI, Reif A, Grabe HJ, Larsson H, Magnusson PK, Oldehinkel AJ, Hartman CA, Breen G, Docherty AR, Coon H, Conrad R, Lehto K, Deckert J, Eley TC, Mattheisen M, Hettema JM. Genome-wide association study of major anxiety disorders in 122,341 European-ancestry cases identifies 58 loci and highlights GABAergic signaling. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.03.24309466. [PMID: 39006447 PMCID: PMC11245051 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.03.24309466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The major anxiety disorders (ANX; including generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and phobias) are highly prevalent, often onset early, persist throughout life, and cause substantial global disability. Although distinct in their clinical presentations, they likely represent differential expressions of a dysregulated threat-response system. Here we present a genome-wide association meta-analysis comprising 122,341 European ancestry ANX cases and 729,881 controls. We identified 58 independent genome-wide significant ANX risk variants and 66 genes with robust biological support. In an independent sample of 1,175,012 self-report ANX cases and 1,956,379 controls, 51 of the 58 associated variants were replicated. As predicted by twin studies, we found substantial genetic correlation between ANX and depression, neuroticism, and other internalizing phenotypes. Follow-up analyses demonstrated enrichment in all major brain regions and highlighted GABAergic signaling as one potential mechanism underlying ANX genetic risk. These results advance our understanding of the genetic architecture of ANX and prioritize genes for functional follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora I Strom
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brad Verhulst
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | | | - Rosa Cheesman
- PROMENTA Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kirstin L Purves
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Hüseyin Gedik
- Institute for Genomics in Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Life Sciences, Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Queensland University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alex S Kwong
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Annika B Faucon
- Division of Medicine, Human Genetics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kritika Singh
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sarah Medland
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lucia Colodro-Conde
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University of Basel; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine, Human Genomics Research Group, University of Basel; University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Gehlen
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swapnil Awasthi
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa M Tasanko
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Institute for Genomics in Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrey A Shabalin
- School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Matthew H Iveson
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laurent F Thomas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bendik S Winsvold
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Kristian Drange
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Division of Mental Health, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychiatry, Sørlandet Hospital, Kristiansand, Norway
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation; Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Abigail R Ter Kuile
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tan-Hoang Nguyen
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Sandra M Meier
- Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth C Corfield
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute , Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie Hannigan
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Daniel F Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Psychiatry, Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Darina Czamara
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Heike Weber
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Karmel W Choi
- Psychiatry, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- ARAMIS laboratory, Paris Brain Institute, Paris, France
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sandra Van der Auwera
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Teumer
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miguel Garcia-Argibay
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Donghyung Lee
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, USA
| | - Rujia Wang
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ottar Bjerkeset
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eystein Stordal
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Namsos, Nord-Trøndelag Health Trustt, Namsos, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Bäckmann
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni A Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Child Psychiatry, National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clement C Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James L Kennedy
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Arun K Tiwari
- Tanenbaum Centre for Pharmacogenetics, Molecular Brain Sciences Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences and Clinical Translation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Börge Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin M Kennedy
- Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Joseph Boden
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christel M Middeldorp
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child and Youth Mental Health Service, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fabiana L Lopes
- National Institute of Mental Health, Human Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Nirmala Akula
- National Institute of Mental Health, Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- National Institute of Mental Health, Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Lydia Fehm
- Department of Psychology, Zentrum für Psychotherapie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Ströhle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Enrique Castelao
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Social and Behavioral Science, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Whiteman
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Catherine Olsen
- Population Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | | | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Glyn Lewis
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lea K Davis
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - David P Woldbye
- Department of Neuroscience, Laboratory of Neural Plasticity, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Center for Human Genetics, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Iiris Hovatta
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics and SleepWell Research Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - John Horwood
- Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - William E Copeland
- UVM Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Centre of Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Innovation; Musculoskeletal Health, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Mors
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalised Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- The National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Helga Ask
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jackob M Najman
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Murray B Stein
- Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Psychiatry Research, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neuroscience, Yale University of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Amsterdam Neuroscience; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Amsterdam Neuroscience; Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Twin Register and Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eduard Maron
- Psychiatry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology,, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Angelika Erhardt-Lehmann
- Department of Genes and Environment, Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rück
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tilo T Kircher
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christiane A Melzig
- Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Experimental Psychopathology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- Psychology, Biological and Clinical Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Georg W Alpers
- School of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Mental Health, Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatry, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Psychiatry, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin Preisig
- Psychiatric Epidemiology and Psychopathology Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Prilly, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle K Lupton
- Brain and Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Queensland University , Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of technology, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt - Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans J Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrik K Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- Psychiatry, Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Anna R Docherty
- School of Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- School of Medicine, Psychiatry; Huntsman Mental Health Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Hilary Coon
- School of Medicine, Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rupert Conrad
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kelli Lehto
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Community Health and Epidemiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - John M Hettema
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University, Bryan, Texas, USA
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Monistrol-Mula A, Diaz-Torres S, Felez-Nobrega M, Haro JM, Medland SE, Mitchell BL. Genetic analyses point to alterations in immune-related pathways underpinning the association between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02643-0. [PMID: 38956374 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Current literature suggests that people with psychiatric disorders have a higher risk of COVID-19 infection and a worse prognosis of the disease. We aimed to study the genetic contribution to these associations across seven psychiatric disorders as well as a general psychopathology factor (P-factor) and determine whether these are unique or shared across psychiatric disorders using statistical genetic techniques. Using the largest available genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we found a significant genetic overlap between depression, ADHD, PTSD, and the P-factor with both COVID-19 infection and hospitalization, and between anxiety and COVID-19 hospitalization. We used pairwise GWAS to examine this overlap on a fine-grained scale and identified specific regions of the genome shared between several psychiatric disorders, the P-factor, and COVID-19. Gene-based analysis in these genomic regions suggested possible links with immune-related pathways such as thyroid homeostasis, inflammation, and stress response. Finally, we show preliminary evidence for causal associations between depression, ADHD, PTSD, and the P-factor, and higher COVID-19 infection and hospitalization using Mendelian Randomization and Latent Causal Variable methods. Our results support the hypothesis that the relationship between psychiatric disorders and COVID-19 risk is likely due to shared alterations in immune-related pathways and is not a result of environmental factors alone, shedding light on potentially viable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Monistrol-Mula
- Group of Epidemiology of Psychiatric disorders and Ageing, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Mental Health and Neuroscience program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Santiago Diaz-Torres
- Mental Health and Neuroscience program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mireia Felez-Nobrega
- Group of Epidemiology of Psychiatric disorders and Ageing, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Haro
- Group of Epidemiology of Psychiatric disorders and Ageing, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Mental Health and Neuroscience program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- Mental Health and Neuroscience program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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12
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Brasher MS, Grotzinger AD, Friedman NP, Smolker HR, Evans LM. Disentangling differing relationships between internalizing disorders and alcohol use. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32975. [PMID: 38375614 PMCID: PMC11147714 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Both internalizing disorders and alcohol use have dramatic, wide-spread implications for global health. Previous work has established common phenotypic comorbidity among these disorders, as well as shared genetic variation underlying them both. We used genomic structural equation modeling to investigate the shared genetics of internalizing, externalizing, and alcohol use traits, as well as to explore whether specific domains of internalizing symptoms mediate the contrasting relationships with problematic alcohol use compared to alcohol consumption. We also examined patterns of genetic correlations between similar traits within additional Finnish and East Asian ancestry groups. When the shared genetic influence of externalizing psychopathology was accounted for, the genetic effect of internalizing traits on alcohol use was reduced, suggesting the important role of common genetic factors underlying multiple psychiatric disorders and their genetic influences on comorbidity of internalizing and alcohol use traits. Individual internalizing domains had contrasting effects on frequency of alcohol consumption, which demonstrate the complex system of pleiotropy that exists, even within similar disorders, and can be missed when evaluating only relationships among formal diagnoses. Future work must consider the broad effects of shared psychopathology along with the fine-scale effects of heterogeneity within disorders to more fully understand the biology underlying complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maizy S Brasher
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Andrew D Grotzinger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Harry R Smolker
- Institute of Cognitive Science, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Luke M Evans
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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13
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Gustavson DE, Stern EF, Reynolds CA, Grotzinger AD, Corley RP, Wadsworth SJ, Rhee SH, Friedman NP. Evidence for strong genetic correlations among internalizing psychopathology and related self-reported measures using both genomic and twin/adoptive approaches. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE 2024; 133:347-357. [PMID: 38722592 PMCID: PMC11232111 DOI: 10.1037/abn0000905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The internalizing construct captures shared variance underlying risk for mood and anxiety disorders. Internalizing factors based on diagnoses (or symptoms) of major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are well established. Studies have also integrated self-reported measures of associated traits (e.g., questionnaires assessing neuroticism, worry, and rumination) onto these factors, despite having not tested the assumption that these measures truly capture the same sets of risk factors. This study examined the overlap among both sets of measures using converging approaches. First, using genomic structural equation modeling, we constructed internalizing factors based on genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of internalizing diagnoses (e.g., MDD) and traits associated with internalizing (neuroticism, loneliness, and reverse-scored subjective well-being). Results indicated the two factors were highly (rg = .79) but not perfectly genetically correlated (rg < 1.0, p < .001). Second, we constructed similar latent factors in a combined twin/adoption sample of adults from the Colorado Adoption/Twin Study of Lifespan Behavioral Development and Cognitive Aging. Again, both factors demonstrated strong overlap at the level of genetic (rg = .76, 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.40, 0.97]) and nonshared environmental influences (re = .80, 95% CI [0.53, 1.0]). Shared environmental influences were estimated near zero for both factors. Our findings are consistent with current frameworks of psychopathology, though they suggest there are some unique genetic influences captured by internalizing diagnosis compared to trait measures, with potentially more nonadditive genetic influences on trait measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elisa F Stern
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | | | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | | | - Soo H Rhee
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
| | - Naomi P Friedman
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder
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14
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Ohi K, Tanaka Y, Otowa T, Shimada M, Kaiya H, Nishimura F, Sasaki T, Tanii H, Shioiri T, Hara T. Discrimination between healthy participants and people with panic disorder based on polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders and for intermediate phenotypes using machine learning. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024; 58:603-614. [PMID: 38581251 DOI: 10.1177/00048674241242936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Panic disorder is a modestly heritable condition. Currently, diagnosis is based only on clinical symptoms; identifying objective biomarkers and a more reliable diagnostic procedure is desirable. We investigated whether people with panic disorder can be reliably diagnosed utilizing combinations of multiple polygenic scores for psychiatric disorders and their intermediate phenotypes, compared with single polygenic score approaches, by applying specific machine learning techniques. METHODS Polygenic scores for 48 psychiatric disorders and intermediate phenotypes based on large-scale genome-wide association studies (n = 7556-1,131,881) were calculated for people with panic disorder (n = 718) and healthy controls (n = 1717). Discrimination between people with panic disorder and healthy controls was based on the 48 polygenic scores using five methods for classification: logistic regression, neural networks, quadratic discriminant analysis, random forests and a support vector machine. Differences in discrimination accuracy (area under the curve) due to an increased number of polygenic score combinations and differences in the accuracy across five classifiers were investigated. RESULTS All five classifiers performed relatively well for distinguishing people with panic disorder from healthy controls by increasing the number of polygenic scores. Of the 48 polygenic scores, the polygenic score for anxiety UK Biobank was the most useful for discrimination by the classifiers. In combinations of two or three polygenic scores, the polygenic score for anxiety UK Biobank was included as one of polygenic scores in all classifiers. When all 48 polygenic scores were used in combination, the greatest areas under the curve significantly differed among the five classifiers. Support vector machine and logistic regression had higher accuracy than quadratic discriminant analysis and random forests. For each classifier, the greatest area under the curve was 0.600 ± 0.030 for logistic regression (polygenic score combinations N = 14), 0.591 ± 0.039 for neural networks (N = 9), 0.603 ± 0.033 for quadratic discriminant analysis (N = 10), 0.572 ± 0.039 for random forests (N = 25) and 0.617 ± 0.041 for support vector machine (N = 11). The greatest areas under the curve at the best polygenic score combination significantly differed among the five classifiers. Random forests had the lowest accuracy among classifiers. Support vector machine had higher accuracy than neural networks. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that increasing the number of polygenic score combinations up to approximately 10 effectively improved the discrimination accuracy and that support vector machine exhibited greater accuracy among classifiers. However, the discrimination accuracy for panic disorder, when based solely on polygenic score combinations, was found to be modest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Yuta Tanaka
- Department of Intelligence Science and Engineering, Gifu University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Otowa
- Department of Psychiatry, East Medical Center, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mihoko Shimada
- Genome Medical Science Project (Toyama), National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisanobu Kaiya
- Panic Disorder Research Center, Warakukai Medical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumichika Nishimura
- Center for Research on Counseling and Support Services, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Tanii
- Center for Physical and Mental Health, Mie University, Mie, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Department of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Mie University, Mie, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hara
- Department of Intelligence Science and Engineering, Gifu University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Gifu, Japan
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15
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Benstock SE, Weaver K, Hettema JM, Verhulst B. Using Alternative Definitions of Controls to Increase Statistical Power in GWAS. Behav Genet 2024; 54:353-366. [PMID: 38869698 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-024-10187-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are often underpowered due to small effect sizes of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on phenotypes and extreme multiple testing thresholds. The most common approach for increasing statistical power is to increase sample size. We propose an alternative strategy of redefining case-control outcomes into ordinal case-subthreshold-asymptomatic variables. While maintaining the clinical case threshold, we subdivide controls into two groups: individuals who are symptomatic but do not meet the clinical criteria for diagnosis (subthreshold) and individuals who are effectively asymptomatic. We conducted a simulation study to examine the impact of effect size, minor allele frequency, population prevalence, and the prevalence of the subthreshold group on statistical power to detect genetic associations in three scenarios: a standard case-control, an ordinal, and a case-asymptomatic control analysis. Our results suggest the ordinal model consistently provides the greatest statistical power while the case-control model the least. Power in the case-asymptomatic control model reflects the case-control or ordinal model depending on the population prevalence and size of the subthreshold category. We then analyzed a major depression phenotype from the UK Biobank to corroborate our simulation results. Overall, the ordinal model improves statistical power in GWAS consistent with increasing the sample size by approximately 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Benstock
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Weaver
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John M Hettema
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Brad Verhulst
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, College Station, TX, USA.
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16
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Ohi K, Fujikane D, Takai K, Kuramitsu A, Muto Y, Sugiyama S, Shioiri T. Epigenetic signatures of social anxiety, panic disorders and stress experiences: Insights from genome-wide DNA methylation risk scores. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115984. [PMID: 38820651 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder (PD) are prevalent anxiety disorders characterized by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Both disorders share overlapping features and often coexist, despite displaying distinct characteristics. Childhood life adversity, overall stressful life events, and genetic factors contribute to the development of these disorders. DNA methylation, an epigenetic modification, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of these diseases. In this study, we investigated whether whole-genome DNA methylation risk scores (MRSs) for SAD risk, severity of social anxiety, childhood life adversity, PD risk, and overall stressful life events were associated with SAD or PD case‒control status. Preliminary epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs) for SAD risk, severity of social anxiety, and childhood life adversity were conducted in 66 SAD individuals and 77 healthy controls (HCs). Similarly, EWASs for PD risk and overall stressful life events were performed in 182 PD individuals and 81 HCs. MRSs were calculated from these EWASs. MRSs derived from the EWASs of SAD risk and severity of social anxiety were greater in PD patients than in HCs. Additionally, MRSs derived from the EWASs of overall stressful life events, particularly in PD individuals, were lower in SAD individuals than in HCs. In contrast, MRSs for childhood life adversity or PD risk were not significantly associated with PD or SAD case‒control status. These findings highlight the epigenetic features shared in both disorders and the distinctive epigenetic features related to social avoidance in SAD patients, helping to elucidate the epigenetic basis of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Fujikane
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takai
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuramitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Muto
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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17
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Thapaliya B, Ray B, Farahdel B, Suresh P, Sapkota R, Holla B, Mahadevan J, Chen J, Vaidya N, Perrone-Bizzozero NI, Benegal V, Schumann G, Calhoun VD, Liu J. Cross-continental environmental and genome-wide association study on children and adolescent anxiety and depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1384298. [PMID: 38827440 PMCID: PMC11141390 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1384298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents warrant special attention as a public health concern given their devastating and long-term effects on development and mental health. Multiple factors, ranging from genetic vulnerabilities to environmental stressors, influence the risk for the disorders. This study aimed to understand how environmental factors and genomics affect children and adolescents anxiety and depression across three cohorts: Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study (US, age of 9-10; N=11,875), Consortium on Vulnerability to Externalizing Disorders and Addictions (INDIA, age of 6-17; N=4,326) and IMAGEN (EUROPE, age of 14; N=1888). We performed data harmonization and identified the environmental impact on anxiety/depression using a linear mixed-effect model, recursive feature elimination regression, and the LASSO regression model. Subsequently, genome-wide association analyses with consideration of significant environmental factors were performed for all three cohorts by mega-analysis and meta-analysis, followed by functional annotations. The results showed that multiple environmental factors contributed to the risk of anxiety and depression during development, where early life stress and school support index had the most significant and consistent impact across all three cohorts. In both meta, and mega-analysis, SNP rs79878474 in chr11p15 emerged as a particularly promising candidate associated with anxiety and depression, despite not reaching genomic significance. Gene set analysis on the common genes mapped from top promising SNPs of both meta and mega analyses found significant enrichment in regions of chr11p15 and chr3q26, in the function of potassium channels and insulin secretion, in particular Kv3, Kir-6.2, SUR potassium channels encoded by the KCNC1, KCNJ11, and ABCCC8 genes respectively, in chr11p15. Tissue enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment in the small intestine, and a trend of enrichment in the cerebellum. Our findings provide evidences of consistent environmental impact from early life stress and school support index on anxiety and depression during development and also highlight the genetic association between mutations in potassium channels, which support the stress-depression connection via hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, along with the potential modulating role of potassium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishal Thapaliya
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bhaskar Ray
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Britny Farahdel
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pranav Suresh
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ram Sapkota
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Bharath Holla
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jayant Mahadevan
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Nilakshi Vaidya
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine, Institute for Science and Technology of Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Vince D. Calhoun
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jingyu Liu
- Tri-Institutional Center for Translational Research in NeuroImaging and Data Science, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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18
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Khan Y, Davis CN, Jinwala Z, Feuer KL, Toikumo S, Hartwell EE, Sanchez-Roige S, Peterson RE, Hatoum AS, Kranzler HR, Kember RL. Combining Transdiagnostic and Disorder-Level GWAS Enhances Precision of Psychiatric Genetic Risk Profiles in a Multi-Ancestry Sample. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.09.24307111. [PMID: 38766259 PMCID: PMC11100926 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.09.24307111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The etiology of substance use disorders (SUDs) and psychiatric disorders reflects a combination of both transdiagnostic (i.e., common) and disorder-level (i.e., independent) genetic risk factors. We applied genomic structural equation modeling to examine these genetic factors across SUDs, psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of European- (EUR) and African-ancestry (AFR) individuals. In EUR individuals, transdiagnostic genetic factors represented SUDs (143 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms [SNPs]), psychotic (162 lead SNPs), and mood/anxiety disorders (112 lead SNPs). We identified two novel SNPs for mood/anxiety disorders that have probable regulatory roles on FOXP1, NECTIN3, and BTLA genes. In AFR individuals, genetic factors represented SUDs (1 lead SNP) and psychiatric disorders (no significant SNPs). The SUD factor lead SNP, although previously significant in EUR- and cross-ancestry GWAS, is a novel finding in AFR individuals. Shared genetic variance accounted for overlap between SUDs and their psychiatric comorbidities, with second-order GWAS identifying up to 12 SNPs not significantly associated with either first-order factor in EUR individuals. Finally, common and independent genetic effects showed different associations with psychiatric, sociodemographic, and medical phenotypes. For example, the independent components of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder had distinct associations with affective and risk-taking behaviors, and phenome-wide association studies identified medical conditions associated with tobacco use disorder independent of the broader SUDs factor. Thus, combining transdiagnostic and disorder-level genetic approaches can improve our understanding of co-occurring conditions and increase the specificity of genetic discovery, which is critical for psychiatric disorders that demonstrate considerable symptom and etiological overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Khan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Christal N. Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Kyra L. Feuer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Emily E. Hartwell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37235, United States
- Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Institute for Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Genomics in Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
| | - Alexander S. Hatoum
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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19
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Bowler A, Arichi T, Fearon P, Meaburn E, Begum-Ali J, Pascoe G, Johnson MH, Jones EJH, Ronald A. Phenotypic and Genetic Associations Between Preschool Fine Motor Skills and Later Neurodevelopment, Psychopathology, and Educational Achievement. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:849-858. [PMID: 38043695 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine motor skills are heritable and comprise important milestones in development, and some evidence suggests that impairments in fine motor skills are associated with neurodevelopmental conditions, psychiatric disorders, and poor educational outcomes. METHODS In a preregistered study of 9625 preschool children from TEDS (Twins Early Development Study), fine motor assessments (drawing, block building, folding, and questionnaires) were conducted at 2, 3, and 4 years of age. A cross-age fine motor score was derived using principal component analysis. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine the relationships between the fine motor score and neurodevelopmental traits, psychopathology, and educational outcomes at 3 later ages (7-8, 12, and 16 years) and cross-age psychopathology composite scores. Polygenic scores (PGSs) were created for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, schizophrenia, anxiety, major depressive disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and years of education. We ran single-PGS models and a multi-PGS model. RESULTS Fine motor skills were negatively associated with neurodevelopmental traits and psychopathology across childhood and adolescence and positively associated with educational achievement in adolescence (β = 0.25, p < .001). Superior fine motor skills were associated with a higher years-of-education PGS (β = 0.07, p < .001), a lower ADHD PGS (β = -0.04, p = .011), and a higher anxiety PGS (β = 0.03, p = .040). Similarly, the multi-PGS model retained the PGSs for years of education (β = 0.07), ADHD (β = -0.03), and anxiety (β = 0.01). A non-preregistered analysis in an independent preschool sample replicated the ADHD PGS association, but not the years of education or anxiety PGS associations. CONCLUSIONS Fine motor skills are linked genetically and phenotypically to later neurodevelopment, psychopathology, and educational outcomes. Future work should investigate the mechanisms that underlie the role of fine motor development in later outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aislinn Bowler
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Pediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pasco Fearon
- Centre for Family Research, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Meaburn
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jannath Begum-Ali
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Pascoe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica Ronald
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, London, United Kingdom; School of Psychology, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
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20
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Breunig S, Lawrence JM, Foote IF, Gebhardt HJ, Willcutt EG, Grotzinger AD. Examining Differences in the Genetic and Functional Architecture of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosed in Childhood and Adulthood. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100307. [PMID: 38633226 PMCID: PMC11021367 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with diagnostic criteria requiring symptoms to begin in childhood. We investigated whether individuals diagnosed as children differ from those diagnosed in adulthood with respect to shared and unique architecture at the genome-wide and gene expression level of analysis. Methods We used genomic structural equation modeling (SEM) to investigate differences in genetic correlations (rg) of childhood-diagnosed (ncases = 14,878) and adulthood-diagnosed (ncases = 6961) ADHD with 98 behavioral, psychiatric, cognitive, and health outcomes. We went on to apply transcriptome-wide SEM to identify functional annotations and patterns of gene expression associated with genetic risk sharing or divergence across the ADHD subgroups. Results Compared with the childhood subgroup, adulthood-diagnosed ADHD exhibited a significantly larger negative rg with educational attainment, the noncognitive skills of educational attainment, and age at first sexual intercourse. We observed a larger positive rg for adulthood-diagnosed ADHD with major depression, suicidal ideation, and a latent internalizing factor. At the gene expression level, transcriptome-wide SEM analyses revealed 22 genes that were significantly associated with shared genetic risk across the subtypes that reflected a mixture of coding and noncoding genes and included 15 novel genes relative to the ADHD subgroups. Conclusions This study demonstrated that ADHD diagnosed later in life shows much stronger genetic overlap with internalizing disorders and related traits. This may indicate the potential clinical relevance of distinguishing these subgroups or increased misdiagnosis for those diagnosed later in life. Top transcriptome-wide SEM results implicated genes related to neuronal function and clinical characteristics (e.g., sleep).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Breunig
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Jeremy M. Lawrence
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Isabelle F. Foote
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Hannah J. Gebhardt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Erik G. Willcutt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Andrew D. Grotzinger
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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21
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Chan II, Wu AM. Assessing the Role of Cortisol in Anxiety, Major Depression, and Neuroticism: A Mendelian Randomization Study Using SERPINA6/ SERPINA1 Variants. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 4:100294. [PMID: 38525495 PMCID: PMC10959652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2024.100294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Previous evidence informed by the toxic stress model suggests that higher cortisol causes anxiety and major depression, but clinical success is lacking. To clarify the role of cortisol, we used Mendelian randomization to estimate its associations with anxiety, major depression, and neuroticism, leveraging the largest available genome-wide association studies including from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, the UK Biobank, and FinnGen. Methods After meta-analyzing 2 genome-wide association studies on morning plasma cortisol (n = 32,981), we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at p < 5 × 10-8 and r2 < 0.3 in the SERPINA6/SERPINA1 gene region encoding proteins that influence cortisol bioavailability. We applied these SNPs to summary genetic associations with the outcomes considered (n = 17,310-449,484), and systolic blood pressure as a positive outcome, using inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis accounting for correlation. Sensitivity analyses addressing SNP correlation and confounding by childhood maltreatment and follow-up analyses using only SNPs that colocalized with SERPINA6 expression were conducted. Results Cortisol was associated with anxiety (pooled odds ratio [OR] 1.16 per cortisol z score; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.31), but not major depression (pooled OR 1.02, 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.10) or neuroticism (β -0.025; 95% CI, -0.071 to 0.022). Sensitivity analyses yielded similar estimates. Cortisol was positively associated with systolic blood pressure, as expected. Using rs9989237 and rs2736898, selected using colocalization, cortisol was associated with anxiety in the UK Biobank (OR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.74) but not with major depression in FinnGen (OR 1.14; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.37). Conclusions Cortisol was associated with anxiety and may be a potential target for prevention. Other targets may be more relevant to major depression and neuroticism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Ieong Chan
- Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Science, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Anise M.S. Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
- Centre for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Institute of Collaborative Innovation, University of Macau, Macao, China
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22
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McGrouther CC, Rangan AV, Di Florio A, Elman JA, Schork NJ, Kelsoe J. Heterogeneity analysis provides evidence for a genetically homogeneous subtype of bipolar-disorder. ARXIV 2024:arXiv:2405.00159v1. [PMID: 38745705 PMCID: PMC11092873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a complex disease. It is heterogeneous, both at the phenotypic and genetic level, although the extent and impact of this heterogeneity is not fully understood. One way to assess this heterogeneity is to look for patterns in the subphenotype data, identify a more phenotypically homogeneous set of subjects, and perform a genome-wide association-study (GWAS) and subsequent secondary analyses restricted to this homogeneous subset. Because of the variability in how phenotypic data was collected by the various BD studies over the years, homogenizing the phenotypic data is a challenging task, and so is replication. As members of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC), we have access to the raw genotypes of 18,711 BD cases and 29,738 controls. This amount of data makes it possible for us to set aside the intricacies of phenotype and allow the genetic data itself to determine which subjects define a homogeneous genetic subgroup. In this paper, we leverage recent advances in heterogeneity analysis to look for distinct homogeneous genetic BD subgroups (or biclusters) that manifest the broad phenotype we think of as Bipolar Disorder. As our data was generated by 27 studies and genotyped on a variety of platforms (OMEX, Affymetrix, Illumina), we use a biclustering algorithm capable of covariate-correction. Covariate-correction is critical if we wish to distinguish disease-related signals from those which are a byproduct of ancestry, study or genotyping platform. We rely on the raw genotyped data and do not include any data generated through imputation. We first apply this covariate-corrected biclustering algorithm to a cohort of 2524 BD cases and 4106 controls from the Bipolar Disease Research Network (BDRN: OMEX). We find evidence of genetic heterogeneity delineating a statistically significant bicluster comprising a subset of BD cases which exhibits a disease-specific pattern of differential-expression across a subset of SNPs. This pattern replicates across the remaining data-sets collected by the PGC containing 5781/8289 (OMEX), 3581/7591 (Illumina), and 6825/9752(Affymetrix) cases/controls, respectively. This bicluster includes subjects diagnosed with bipolar type-I, as well as subjects diagnosed with bipolar type-II. However, the bicluster is enriched for bipolar type-I over type-II and may represent a collection of correlated genetic risk-factors. By investigating the bicluster-informed polygenic-risk-scoring (PRS), we find that the disease-specific pattern highlighted by the bicluster can be leveraged to eliminate noise from our GWAS analyses and improve not only risk prediction, particularly when using only a relatively small subset (e.g., ~ 1%) of the available SNPs, but also SNP replication. Though our primary focus is only the analysis of disease-related signal, we also identify replicable control-related heterogeneity. Covariate-corrected biclustering of raw genetic data appears to be a promising route for untangling heterogeneity and identifying replicable homogeneous genetic subtypes of complex disease. It may also prove useful in identifying protective effects within the control group. This approach circumvents some of the difficulties presented by subphenotype data collected by meta-analyses or 23 andMe, e.g., missingness, assessment variation, and reliance on self-report.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline C. McGrouther
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Aaditya V. Rangan
- Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Arianna Di Florio
- School of Medicine, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jeremy A. Elman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Schork
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Quantitative Medicine and Systems Biology, Phoenix, AZ, United States of America
| | - John Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
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23
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Davis CN, Khan Y, Toikumo S, Jinwala Z, Boomsma DI, Levey DF, Gelernter J, Kember RL, Kranzler HR. A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Neural Correlates and Common Biological Mechanisms of Psychopathology Spectra. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.06.24305166. [PMID: 38645045 PMCID: PMC11030494 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.06.24305166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable comorbidity across externalizing and internalizing behavior dimensions of psychopathology. We applied genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to evaluate the factor structure of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology across 16 traits and disorders among European-ancestry individuals (n's = 16,400 to 1,074,629). We conducted GWAS on factors derived from well-fitting models. Downstream analyses served to identify biological mechanisms, explore drug repurposing targets, estimate genetic overlap between the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and evaluate causal effects of psychopathology liability on physical health. Both a correlated factors model, comprising two factors of externalizing and internalizing risk, and a higher-order single-factor model of genetic effects contributing to both spectra demonstrated acceptable fit. GWAS identified 409 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with externalizing and 85 lead SNPs associated with internalizing, while the second-order GWAS identified 256 lead SNPs contributing to broad psychopathology risk. In bivariate causal mixture models, nearly all externalizing and internalizing causal variants overlapped, despite a genetic correlation of only 0.37 (SE = 0.02) between them. Externalizing genes showed cell-type specific expression in GABAergic, cortical, and hippocampal neurons, and internalizing genes were associated with reduced subcallosal cortical volume, providing insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathology. Genetic liability for externalizing, internalizing, and broad psychopathology exerted causal effects on pain, general health, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic illnesses. These findings underscore the complex genetic architecture of psychopathology, identify potential biological pathways for the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and highlight the physical health burden of psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christal N. Davis
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yousef Khan
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zeal Jinwala
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel F. Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics, and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rachel L. Kember
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Center for Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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24
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Tesfaye M, Jaholkowski P, Shadrin AA, van der Meer D, Hindley GF, Holen B, Parker N, Parekh P, Birkenæs V, Rahman Z, Bahrami S, Kutrolli G, Frei O, Djurovic S, Dale AM, Smeland OB, O’Connell KS, Andreassen OA. Identification of Novel Genomic Loci for Anxiety and Extensive Genetic Overlap with Psychiatric Disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.09.01.23294920. [PMID: 37693403 PMCID: PMC10491354 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.23294920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Anxiety disorders are prevalent and anxiety symptoms co-occur with many psychiatric disorders. We aimed to identify genomic risk loci associated with anxiety, characterize its genetic architecture, and genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders. Methods We used the GWAS of anxiety symptoms, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We employed MiXeR and LAVA to characterize the genetic architecture and genetic overlap between the phenotypes. Conditional and conjunctional false discovery rate analyses were performed to boost the identification of genomic loci associated with anxiety and those shared with psychiatric disorders. Gene annotation and gene set analyses were conducted using OpenTargets and FUMA, respectively. Results Anxiety was polygenic with 12.9k estimated genetic risk variants and overlapped extensively with psychiatric disorders (4.1-11.4k variants). MiXeR and LAVA revealed predominantly positive genetic correlations between anxiety and psychiatric disorders. We identified 114 novel loci for anxiety by conditioning on the psychiatric disorders. We also identified loci shared between anxiety and major depression (n = 47), bipolar disorder (n = 33), schizophrenia (n = 71), and ADHD (n = 20). Genes annotated to anxiety loci exhibit enrichment for a broader range of biological pathways and differential tissue expression in more diverse tissues than those annotated to the shared loci. Conclusions Anxiety is a highly polygenic phenotype with extensive genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders. These genetic overlaps enabled the identification of novel loci for anxiety. The shared genetic architecture may underlie the extensive cross-disorder comorbidity of anxiety, and the identified genetic loci implicate molecular pathways that may lead to potential drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Tesfaye
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Piotr Jaholkowski
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dennis van der Meer
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guy F.L. Hindley
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Børge Holen
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nadine Parker
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pravesh Parekh
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Viktoria Birkenæs
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Zillur Rahman
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shahram Bahrami
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gleda Kutrolli
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anders M. Dale
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Multimodal Imaging Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Olav B. Smeland
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kevin S. O’Connell
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Davis C, Khan Y, Toikumo S, Jinwala Z, Boomsma D, Levey D, Gelernter J, Kember R, Kranzler H. A Multivariate Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Neural Correlates and Common Biological Mechanisms of Psychopathology Spectra. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4228593. [PMID: 38659902 PMCID: PMC11042423 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4228593/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
There is considerable comorbidity across externalizing and internalizing behavior dimensions of psychopathology. We applied genomic structural equation modeling (gSEM) to genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics to evaluate the factor structure of externalizing and internalizing psychopathology across 16 traits and disorders among European-ancestry individuals (n's = 16,400 to 1,074,629). We conducted GWAS on factors derived from well-fitting models. Downstream analyses served to identify biological mechanisms, explore drug repurposing targets, estimate genetic overlap between the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and evaluate causal effects of psychopathology liability on physical health. Both a correlated factors model, comprising two factors of externalizing and internalizing risk, and a higher-order single-factor model of genetic effects contributing to both spectra demonstrated acceptable t. GWAS identified 409 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with externalizing and 85 lead SNPs associated with internalizing, while the second-order GWAS identified 256 lead SNPs contributing to broad psychopathology risk. In bivariate causal mixture models, nearly all externalizing and internalizing causal variants overlapped, despite a genetic correlation of only 0.37 (SE = 0.02) between them. Externalizing genes showed cell-type specific expression in GABAergic, cortical, and hippocampal neurons, and internalizing genes were associated with reduced subcallosal cortical volume, providing insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of psychopathology. Genetic liability for externalizing, internalizing, and broad psychopathology exerted causal effects on pain, general health, cardiovascular diseases, and chronic illnesses. These findings underscore the complex genetic architecture of psychopathology, identify potential biological pathways for the externalizing and internalizing spectra, and highlight the physical health burden of psychiatric comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yousef Khan
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | | | - Zeal Jinwala
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine
| | - D Boomsma
- Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Crouse JJ, Park SH, Byrne EM, Mitchell BL, Scott J, Medland SE, Lin T, Wray NR, Martin NG, Hickie IB. Patterns of stressful life events and polygenic scores for five mental disorders and neuroticism among adults with depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02492-x. [PMID: 38575805 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The dominant ('general') version of the diathesis-stress theory of depression views stressors and genetic vulnerability as independent risks. In the Australian Genetics of Depression Study (N = 14,146; 75% female), we tested whether polygenic scores (PGS) for major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety, ADHD, and neuroticism were associated with reported exposure to 32 childhood, past-year, lifetime, and accumulated stressful life events (SLEs). In false discovery rate-corrected models, the clearest PGS-SLE relationships were for the ADHD- and depression-PGSs, and to a lesser extent, the anxiety- and schizophrenia-PGSs. We describe the associations for childhood and accumulated SLEs, and the 2-3 strongest past-year/lifetime SLE associations. Higher ADHD-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (emotional abuse, emotional neglect, physical neglect; ORs = 1.09-1.14; p's < 1.3 × 10-5), more accumulated SLEs, and reported exposure to sudden violent death (OR = 1.23; p = 3.6 × 10-5), legal troubles (OR = 1.15; p = 0.003), and sudden accidental death (OR = 1.14; p = 0.006). Higher depression-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.07-1.12; p's < 0.013), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.17; p = 0.003), assault with a weapon (OR = 1.12; p = 0.003), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.11; p = 0.001). Higher anxiety-PGS was associated with childhood emotional abuse (OR = 1.08; p = 1.6 × 10-4), more accumulated SLEs, and serious accident (OR = 1.23; p = 0.004), physical assault (OR = 1.08; p = 2.2 × 10-4), and transportation accident (OR = 1.07; p = 0.001). Higher schizophrenia-PGS was associated with all childhood SLEs (ORs = 1.12-1.19; p's < 9.3-8), more accumulated SLEs, and severe human suffering (OR = 1.16; p = 0.003). Higher neuroticism-PGS was associated with living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 1.09; p = 0.007) and major financial troubles (OR = 1.06; p = 0.014). A reversed pattern was seen for the bipolar-PGS, with lower odds of reported physical assault (OR = 0.95; p = 0.014), major financial troubles (OR = 0.93; p = 0.004), and living in unpleasant surroundings (OR = 0.92; p = 0.007). Genetic risk for several mental disorders influences reported exposure to SLEs among adults with moderately severe, recurrent depression. Our findings emphasise that stressors and diatheses are inter-dependent and challenge diagnosis and subtyping (e.g., reactive/endogenous) based on life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J Crouse
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shin Ho Park
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Enda M Byrne
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brittany L Mitchell
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jan Scott
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Academic Psychiatry, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tian Lin
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naomi R Wray
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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27
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Ramos-Prats A, Matulewicz P, Edenhofer ML, Wang KY, Yeh CW, Fajardo-Serrano A, Kress M, Kummer K, Lien CC, Ferraguti F. Loss of mGlu 5 receptors in somatostatin-expressing neurons alters negative emotional states. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02541-5. [PMID: 38575807 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02541-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Subtype 5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGlu5) are known to play an important role in regulating cognitive, social and valence systems. However, it remains largely unknown at which circuits and neuronal types mGlu5 act to influence these behavioral domains. Altered tissue- or cell-specific expression or function of mGlu5 has been proposed to contribute to the exacerbation of neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we examined how these receptors regulate the activity of somatostatin-expressing (SST+) neurons, as well as their influence on behavior and brain rhythmic activity. Loss of mGlu5 in SST+ neurons elicited excitatory synaptic dysfunction in a region and sex-specific manner together with a range of emotional imbalances including diminished social novelty preference, reduced anxiety-like behavior and decreased freezing during retrieval of fear memories. In addition, the absence of mGlu5 in SST+ neurons during fear processing impaired theta frequency oscillatory activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral hippocampus. These findings reveal a critical role of mGlu5 in controlling SST+ neurons excitability necessary for regulating negative emotional states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnau Ramos-Prats
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pawel Matulewicz
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Kai-Yi Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wei Yeh
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ana Fajardo-Serrano
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michaela Kress
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kai Kummer
- Institute of Physiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Cheng-Chang Lien
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Francesco Ferraguti
- Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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Frach L, Barkhuizen W, Allegrini AG, Ask H, Hannigan LJ, Corfield EC, Andreassen OA, Dudbridge F, Ystrom E, Havdahl A, Pingault JB. Examining intergenerational risk factors for conduct problems using polygenic scores in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:951-961. [PMID: 38225381 PMCID: PMC11176059 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02383-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The aetiology of conduct problems involves a combination of genetic and environmental factors, many of which are inherently linked to parental characteristics given parents' central role in children's lives across development. It is important to disentangle to what extent links between parental heritable characteristics and children's behaviour are due to transmission of genetic risk or due to parental indirect genetic influences via the environment (i.e., genetic nurture). We used 31,290 genotyped mother-father-child trios from the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), testing genetic transmission and genetic nurture effects on conduct problems using 13 polygenic scores (PGS) spanning psychiatric conditions, substance use, education-related factors, and other risk factors. Maternal or self-reports of conduct problems at ages 8 and 14 years were available for up to 15,477 children. We found significant genetic transmission effects on conduct problems for 12 out of 13 PGS at age 8 years (strongest association: PGS for smoking, β = 0.07, 95% confidence interval = [0.05, 0.08]) and for 4 out of 13 PGS at age 14 years (strongest association: PGS for externalising problems, β = 0.08, 95% confidence interval = [0.05, 0.11]). Conversely, we did not find genetic nurture effects for conduct problems using our selection of PGS. Our findings provide evidence for genetic transmission in the association between parental characteristics and child conduct problems. Our results may also indicate that genetic nurture via traits indexed by our polygenic scores is of limited aetiological importance for conduct problems-though effects of small magnitude or effects via parental traits not captured by the included PGS remain a possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Frach
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Wikus Barkhuizen
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea G Allegrini
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helga Ask
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie J Hannigan
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth C Corfield
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- KG Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Baptiste Pingault
- Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, Division of Psychology & Language Sciences, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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29
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Tseliou F, Riglin L, Thapar AK, Heron J, Dennison CA, Armitage JM, Thapar A, Rice F, Collishaw S. Childhood correlates and young adult outcomes of trajectories of emotional problems from childhood to adolescence. Psychol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38494928 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291724000631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional problems, especially anxiety, have become increasingly common in recent generations. Few population-based studies have examined trajectories of emotional problems from early childhood to late adolescence or investigated differences in psychiatric and functional outcomes. METHODS Using the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC, n = 8286, 50.4% male), we modeled latent class growth trajectories of emotional problems, using the parent-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional scale (SDQ-E) on seven occasions (4-17 years). Psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood (21-25 years) were major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and self-harm. Functional outcomes were exam attainment, educational/occupational status, and social relationship quality. RESULTS We identified four classes of emotional problems: low (67.0%), decreasing (18.4%), increasing (8.9%), and persistent (5.7%) problems. Compared to those in the low class, individuals with decreasing emotional problems were not at elevated risk of any poor adult outcome. Individuals in the increasing and persistent classes had a greater risk of adult MDD (RR: 1.59 95% CI 1.13-2.26 and RR: 2.25 95% CI 1.49-3.41) and self-harm (RR: 2.37 95% CI 1.91-2.94 and RR: 1.87 95% CI 1.41-2.48), and of impairment in functional domains. Childhood sleep difficulties, irritability, conduct and neurodevelopmental problems, and family adversity were associated with a persistent course of emotional problems. CONCLUSIONS Childhood emotional problems were common, but those whose symptoms improved over time were not at increased risk for adverse adult outcomes. In contrast, individuals with persistent or adolescent-increasing emotional problems had a higher risk of mental ill-health and social impairment in young adulthood which was especially pronounced for those with persistent emotional problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tseliou
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - L Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - A K Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - J Heron
- Centre for Academic Mental Health, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, UK
| | - C A Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - J M Armitage
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - A Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - F Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - S Collishaw
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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30
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Thomas NS, Gillespie NA, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Kamarajan C, Kuo SIC, Miller AP, Nurnberger JI, Tischfield J, Dick DM, Salvatore JE. A Developmentally-Informative Genome-wide Association Study of Alcohol Use Frequency. Behav Genet 2024; 54:151-168. [PMID: 38108996 PMCID: PMC10913412 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-023-10170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary genome-wide association study (GWAS) methods typically do not account for variability in genetic effects throughout development. We applied genomic structural equation modeling to combine developmentally-informative phenotype data and GWAS to create polygenic scores (PGS) for alcohol use frequency that are specific to developmental stage. Longitudinal cohort studies targeted for gene-identification analyses include the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (adolescence n = 1,118, early adulthood n = 2,762, adulthood n = 5,255), the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (adolescence n = 3,089, early adulthood n = 3,993, adulthood n = 5,149), and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; adolescence n = 5,382, early adulthood n = 3,613). PGS validation analyses were conducted in the COGA sample using an alternate version of the discovery analysis with COGA removed. Results suggest that genetic liability for alcohol use frequency in adolescence may be distinct from genetic liability for alcohol use frequency later in developmental periods. The age-specific PGS predicts an increase of 4 drinking days per year per PGS standard deviation when modeled separately from the common factor PGS in adulthood. The current work was underpowered at all steps of the analysis plan. Though small sample sizes and low statistical power limit the substantive conclusions that can be drawn regarding these research questions, this work provides a foundation for future genetic studies of developmental variability in the genetic underpinnings of alcohol use behaviors and genetically-informed, age-matched phenotype prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, Richmond, VA, 23284-2018, USA.
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alex P Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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31
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Rice RC, Gil DV, Baratta AM, Frawley RR, Hill SY, Farris SP, Homanics GE. Inter- and transgenerational heritability of preconception chronic stress or alcohol exposure: Translational outcomes in brain and behavior. Neurobiol Stress 2024; 29:100603. [PMID: 38234394 PMCID: PMC10792982 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress and alcohol (ethanol) use are highly interrelated and can change an individual's behavior through molecular adaptations that do not change the DNA sequence, but instead change gene expression. A recent wealth of research has found that these nongenomic changes can be transmitted across generations, which could partially account for the "missing heritability" observed in genome-wide association studies of alcohol use disorder and other stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders. In this review, we summarize the molecular and behavioral outcomes of nongenomic inheritance of chronic stress and ethanol exposure and the germline mechanisms that could give rise to this heritability. In doing so, we outline the need for further research to: (1) Investigate individual germline mechanisms of paternal, maternal, and biparental nongenomic chronic stress- and ethanol-related inheritance; (2) Synthesize and dissect cross-generational chronic stress and ethanol exposure; (3) Determine cross-generational molecular outcomes of preconception ethanol exposure that contribute to alcohol-related disease risk, using cancer as an example. A detailed understanding of the cross-generational nongenomic effects of stress and/or ethanol will yield novel insight into the impact of ancestral perturbations on disease risk across generations and uncover actionable targets to improve human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Rice
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniela V. Gil
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Annalisa M. Baratta
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Remy R. Frawley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shirley Y. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sean P. Farris
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gregg E. Homanics
- Center for Neuroscience at the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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32
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Ollila HM, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Kantojärvi K, Broberg M, Palviainen T, Jones S, Ripatti V, Pandit A, Rong R, Kristiansson K, Sandman N, Valli K, Hublin C, Ripatti S, Widen E, Kaprio J, Saxena R, Paunio T. Nightmares share genetic risk factors with sleep and psychiatric traits. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:123. [PMID: 38413574 PMCID: PMC10899618 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02637-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Nightmares are vivid, extended, and emotionally negative or negative dreams that awaken the dreamer. While sporadic nightmares and bad dreams are common and generally harmless, frequent nightmares often reflect underlying pathologies of emotional regulation. Indeed, insomnia, depression, anxiety, or alcohol use have been associated with nightmares in epidemiological and clinical studies. However, the connection between nightmares and their comorbidities are poorly understood. Our goal was to examine the genetic risk factors for nightmares and estimate correlation or causality between nightmares and comorbidities. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 45,255 individuals using a questionnaire-based assessment on the frequency of nightmares during the past month and genome-wide genotyping data. While the GWAS did not reveal individual risk variants, heritability was estimated at 5%. In addition, the genetic correlation analysis showed a robust correlation (rg > 0.4) of nightmares with anxiety (rg = 0.671, p = 7.507e-06), depressive (rg = 0.562, p = 1.282e-07) and posttraumatic stress disorders (rg = 0.4083, p = 0.0152), and personality trait neuroticism (rg = 0.667, p = 4.516e-07). Furthermore, Mendelian randomization suggested causality from insomnia to nightmares (beta = 0.027, p = 0.0002). Our findings suggest that nightmares share genetic background with psychiatric traits and that insomnia may increase an individual's liability to experience frequent nightmares. Given the significant correlations with psychiatric and psychological traits, it is essential to grow awareness of how nightmares affect health and disease and systematically collect information about nightmares, especially from clinical samples and larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna M Ollila
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Katri Kantojärvi
- Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Broberg
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Samuel Jones
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vili Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anita Pandit
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Robin Rong
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Kati Kristiansson
- Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nils Sandman
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Valli
- Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, and Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience and Philosophy, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | | | - Samuli Ripatti
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tiina Paunio
- Population Health, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Psychiatry and SleepWell Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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33
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Ayorech Z, Torvik FA, Cheesman R, Eilertsen EM, Valstad M, Bjørndal LD, Røysamb E, Havdahl A, Ystrøm E. The structure of psychiatric comorbidity without selection and assortative mating. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 38409260 PMCID: PMC10897477 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread comorbidity observed across psychiatric disorders may be the result of processes such as assortative mating, gene-environment correlation, or selection into population studies. Between-family analyses of comorbidity are subject to these sources of bias, whereas within-family analyses are not. Because of Mendelian inheritance, alleles are randomly assigned within families, conditional on parental alleles. We exploit this variation to compare the structure of comorbidity across broad psychiatric polygenic scores when calculated either between-family (child polygenic scores) or within-family (child polygenic scores regressed on parental polygenic scores) in over 25,000 genotyped parent-offspring trios from the Norwegian Mother Father and Child Cohort study (MoBa). We fitted a series of factor models to the between- and within-family data, which consisted of a single genetic p-factor and a varying number of uncorrelated subfactors. The best-fitting model was identical for between- and within-family analyses and included three subfactors capturing variants associated with neurodevelopment, psychosis, and constraint, in addition to the genetic p-factor. Partner genetic correlations, indicating assortative mating, were not present for the genetic p-factor, but were substantial for the psychosis (b = 0.081;95% CI [0.038,0.124]) and constraint (b = 0.257;95% CI [0.075,0.439]) subfactors. When average factor levels for MoBa mothers and fathers were compared to a population mean of zero we found evidence of sex-specific participation bias, which has implications for the generalizability of findings from cohort studies. Our results demonstrate the power of the within-family design for better understanding the mechanisms driving psychiatric comorbidity and their consequences on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziada Ayorech
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway.
| | - Fartein Ask Torvik
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosa Cheesman
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Espen M Eilertsen
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathias Valstad
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig Daae Bjørndal
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Espen Røysamb
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health (PsychGen), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Spångbergveien 25, Oslo, 0853, Norway
| | - Eivind Ystrøm
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
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34
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McAusland L, Burton CL, Bagnell A, Boylan K, Hatchard T, Lingley-Pottie P, Al Maruf A, McGrath P, Newton AS, Rowa K, Schachar RJ, Shaheen SM, Stewart S, Arnold PD, Crosbie J, Mattheisen M, Soreni N, Stewart SE, Meier S. The genetic architecture of youth anxiety: a study protocol. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:159. [PMID: 38395805 PMCID: PMC10885620 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are the most common psychiatric problems among Canadian youth and typically have an onset in childhood or adolescence. They are characterized by high rates of relapse and chronicity, often resulting in substantial impairment across the lifespan. Genetic factors play an important role in the vulnerability toward anxiety disorders. However, genetic contribution to anxiety in youth is not well understood and can change across developmental stages. Large-scale genetic studies of youth are needed with detailed assessments of symptoms of anxiety disorders and their major comorbidities to inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. METHODS The Genetic Architecture of Youth Anxiety (GAYA) study is a Pan-Canadian effort of clinical and genetic experts with specific recruitment sites in Calgary, Halifax, Hamilton, Toronto, and Vancouver. Youth aged 10-19 (n = 13,000) will be recruited from both clinical and community settings and will provide saliva samples, complete online questionnaires on demographics, symptoms of mental health concerns, and behavioural inhibition, and complete neurocognitive tasks. A subset of youth will be offered access to a self-managed Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy resource. Analyses will focus on the identification of novel genetic risk loci for anxiety disorders in youth and assess how much of the genetic risk for anxiety disorders is unique or shared across the life span. DISCUSSION Results will substantially inform early intervention or preventative strategies and suggest novel targets for therapeutics and personalization of care. Given that the GAYA study will be the biggest genomic study of anxiety disorders in youth in Canada, this project will further foster collaborations nationally and across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laina McAusland
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Christie L Burton
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alexa Bagnell
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Khrista Boylan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Center for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Child and Youth Mental Health Program, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Taylor Hatchard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Youth Wellness Center, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Lingley-Pottie
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Abdullah Al Maruf
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- College of Pharmacy, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Patrick McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Amanda S Newton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Rowa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience, and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell J Schachar
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S-M Shaheen
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Sam Stewart
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Paul D Arnold
- The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Neurosciences & Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Noam Soreni
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Offord Center for Child Studies, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Anxiety Treatment and Research Clinic, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Pediatric OCD Consultation Service, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Evelyn Stewart
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Friligkou E, Løkhammer S, Cabrera-Mendoza B, Shen J, He J, Deiana G, Zanoaga MD, Asgel Z, Pilcher A, Di Lascio L, Makharashvili A, Koller D, Tylee DS, Pathak GA, Polimanti R. Gene Discovery and Biological Insights into Anxiety Disorders from a Multi-Ancestry Genome-wide Association Study of >1.2 Million Participants. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.14.24302836. [PMID: 38405718 PMCID: PMC10889004 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.14.24302836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
We leveraged information from more than 1.2 million participants to investigate the genetics of anxiety disorders across five continental ancestral groups. Ancestry-specific and cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies identified 51 anxiety-associated loci, 39 of which are novel. Additionally, polygenic risk scores derived from individuals of European descent were associated with anxiety in African, Admixed-American, and East Asian groups. The heritability of anxiety was enriched for genes expressed in the limbic system, the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum, the metencephalon, the entorhinal cortex, and the brain stem. Transcriptome- and proteome-wide analyses highlighted 115 genes associated with anxiety through brain-specific and cross-tissue regulation. We also observed global and local genetic correlations with depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder and putative causal relationships with several physical health conditions. Overall, this study expands the knowledge regarding the genetic risk and pathogenesis of anxiety disorders, highlighting the importance of investigating diverse populations and integrating multi-omics information.
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Xue H, Liu S, Zeng L, Fan W. Causal effect of systemic lupus erythematosus on psychiatric disorders: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:422-428. [PMID: 38008292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to investigate the association between systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the risk of seven psychiatric disorders through the application of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis due to previous observational studies that have suggested a potential link between SLE and psychiatric disorders. METHODS We collected genetic instruments for SLE from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) involving 23,210 individuals. Seven psychiatric traits were enrolled from the recent largest GWAS, including major depression disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BID), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and insomnia. Summary statistics for psychiatric disorders were obtained from different GWAS meta-analysis studies. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the main MR analysis. RESULTS The IVW method indicated that SLE is associated with a higher risk of GAD (OR = 1.072, 95 % CI [1.017-1.129], P = 0.008) and SCZ (OR = 3.242, 95 % CI [1.578-6.660], P = 0.007). However, no evidence was found for the causal associations between SLE and other psychiatric disorders. Further analyses found no evidence of pleiotropy and heterogeneity. CONCLUSIONS This two-sample MR analysis provides evidence that genetically predicted SLE may increase the risk of GAD and SCZ in a European population. Future studies are needed to elucidate and investigate the mechanisms underlying these causal relationships. Considering the existence of racial genomic heterogeneity, our findings must be viewed with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xue
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Shuangjuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Qionglai People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Department of Respiratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenhui Fan
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Taikang Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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37
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Pflanz CP, Gallacher J, Bauermeister S. A psychometric evaluation of the 16-item PHQ-ADS concomitant anxiety and depression scale in the UK biobank using item response theory. J Affect Disord 2024; 347:335-344. [PMID: 38000468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Patient Health Questionnaire Anxiety and Depression Scale (PHQ-ADS) provides a reliable and valid measure of concomitant depression and anxiety. However, research on its psychometric efficiency and optimal scale length using item-response theory (IRT) has not been reported. This study aimed to optimize the length of the PHQ-ADS scale without losing information by discarding items that were a poor fit to the IRT model. METHODS The UK Biobank is a large cohort study designed to investigate risk factors for a broad range of disease. PHQ-ADS data were available from n = 152,826 participants (age = 55.87 years; SD = 7.73; 56.4 % female), 30.4 % of the entire UK Biobank sample. Psychometric properties of the PHQ-ADS were investigated using a 2-parameter IRT and Mokken analysis. Item statistics included discrimination, difficulty and Loevinger H coefficients of monotonicity. RESULTS In the entire 16-item scale, item discrimination ranged from 1.40 to 4.22, with the item 'worrying' showing the highest level of discrimination and the item 'sleep disturbance' showing the lowest. Mokken analysis showed that the 16-item PHQ-ADS scale could be reduced to a 7-item scale without loss of test information. The reduced scale comprised mainly items measuring cognitive-affective symptoms of anxiety/depression, whereas items measuring somatic symptoms were discarded. The revised scale showed high discrimination and scalability. LIMITATIONS Findings are limited by the use of cross-sectional data that only included the baseline online questionnaire, but not other waves. CONCLUSIONS IRT is a useful technique for scale reductions which serve the clinical and epidemiological need to optimize screening questionnaires to reduce redundancy and maximize information. A reduced-item 7-item PHQ-ADS scale reduces the response burden on participants in epidemiological research settings, without loss of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Patrick Pflanz
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - John Gallacher
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Bauermeister
- Dementias Platform UK, Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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Singh K, Wendt FR. Effects of sex and gender on the etiologies and presentation of select internalizing psychopathologies. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38307846 PMCID: PMC10837201 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The internalizing spectrum encompasses a subset of psychopathologies characterized by emotional liability, anhedonia, anxiousness, distress, and fear, and includes, among others, diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In this review, we describe the vast body of work highlighting a role for sex and gender in the environment, symptom onset, genetic liability, and disorder progression and comorbidities of MDD, GAD, and PTSD. We also point the reader to different language used in diverse fields to describe sexual and gender minorities that may complicate the interpretation of emerging literature from the social sciences, psychiatric and psychological sciences, and genetics. Finally, we identify several gaps in knowledge that we hope serve as launch-points for expanding the scope of psychiatric studies beyond binarized sex-stratification. Despite being under-represented in genomics studies, placing emphasis on inclusion of sexual and gender diverse participants in these works will hopefully improve our understanding of disorder etiology using genetics as one tool to inform how biology (e.g., hormone concentration) and environmental variables (e.g., exposure to traumatic events) contribute to differences in symptom onset, pattern, and long-term trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Singh
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Biostatistics Division, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
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Li W, Chen R, Feng L, Dang X, Liu J, Chen T, Yang J, Su X, Lv L, Li T, Zhang Z, Luo XJ. Genome-wide meta-analysis, functional genomics and integrative analyses implicate new risk genes and therapeutic targets for anxiety disorders. Nat Hum Behav 2024; 8:361-379. [PMID: 37945807 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01746-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental disorders. However, the genetic etiology of anxiety disorders remains largely unknown. Here we conducted a genome-wide meta-analysis on anxiety disorders by including 74,973 (28,392 proxy) cases and 400,243 (146,771 proxy) controls. We identified 14 risk loci, including 10 new associations near CNTNAP5, MAP2, RAB9BP1, BTN1A1, PRR16, PCLO, PTPRD, FARP1, CDH2 and RAB27B. Functional genomics and fine-mapping pinpointed the potential causal variants, and expression quantitative trait loci analysis revealed the potential target genes regulated by the risk variants. Integrative analyses, including transcriptome-wide association study, proteome-wide association study and colocalization analyses, prioritized potential causal genes (including CTNND1 and RAB27B). Evidence from multiple analyses revealed possibly causal genes, including RAB27B, BTN3A2, PCLO and CTNND1. Finally, we showed that Ctnnd1 knockdown affected dendritic spine density and resulted in anxiety-like behaviours in mice, revealing the potential role of CTNND1 in anxiety disorders. Our study identified new risk loci, potential causal variants and genes for anxiety disorders, providing insights into the genetic architecture of anxiety disorders and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Laipeng Feng
- Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xinglun Dang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Su
- Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Luxian Lv
- Henan Mental Hospital, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tao Li
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Mental Health and Public Health, Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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Fujikane D, Ohi K, Kuramitsu A, Takai K, Muto Y, Sugiyama S, Shioiri T. Genetic correlations between suicide attempts and psychiatric and intermediate phenotypes adjusting for mental disorders. Psychol Med 2024; 54:488-494. [PMID: 37559484 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291723002015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide attempts are a moderately heritable trait, and genetic correlations with psychiatric and related intermediate phenotypes have been reported. However, as several mental disorders as well as major depressive disorder (MDD) are strongly associated with suicide attempts, these genetic correlations could be mediated by psychiatric disorders. Here, we investigated genetic correlations of suicide attempts with psychiatric and related intermediate phenotypes, with and without adjusting for mental disorders. METHODS To investigate the genetic correlations, we utilized large-scale genome-wide association study summary statistics for suicide attempts (with and without adjusting for mental disorders), nine psychiatric disorders, and 15 intermediate phenotypes. RESULTS Without adjusting for mental disorders, suicide attempts had significant positive genetic correlations with risks of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, MDD, anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder; higher risk tolerance; earlier age at first sexual intercourse, at first birth and at menopause; higher parity; lower childhood IQ, educational attainment and cognitive ability; and lower smoking cessation. After adjusting for mental disorders, suicide attempts had significant positive genetic correlations with the risk of MDD; earlier age at first sexual intercourse, at first birth and at menopause; and lower educational attainment. After adjusting for mental disorders, most of the genetic correlations with psychiatric disorders were decreased, while several genetic correlations with intermediate phenotypes were increased. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight the importance of considering mental disorders in the analysis of genetic correlations related to suicide attempts and suggest that susceptibility to MDD, reproductive behaviors, and lower educational levels share a genetic basis with suicide attempts after adjusting for mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Fujikane
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ohi
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kuramitsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kentaro Takai
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yukimasa Muto
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Sugiyama
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Shioiri
- Department of Psychiatry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Shakeshaft A, Martin J, Dennison CA, Riglin L, Lewis CM, O'Donovan MC, Thapar A. Estimating the impact of transmitted and non-transmitted psychiatric and neurodevelopmental polygenic scores on youth emotional problems. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:238-246. [PMID: 37990052 PMCID: PMC11116100 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression (emotional disorders) are familial and heritable, especially when onset is early. However, other cross-generational studies suggest transmission of youth emotional problems is explained by mainly environmental risks. We set out to test the contribution of parental non-transmitted genetic liability, as indexed by psychiatric/neurodevelopmental common polygenic liability, to youth emotional problems using a UK population-based cohort: the Millennium Cohort Study. European (N = 6328) and South Asian (N = 814) ancestries were included, as well as a subset with genomic data from both parents (European: N = 2809; South Asian: N = 254). We examined the association of transmitted (PGST) and non-transmitted polygenic scores (PGSNT) for anxiety, depression, bipolar disorder and neurodevelopmental disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], schizophrenia) with youth emotional disorder and symptom scores, measured using the parent- and self-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional subscale at 6 timepoints between ages 3-17 years. In the European sample, PGST for anxiety and depression, but not bipolar disorder, were associated with emotional disorder and symptom scores across all ages, except age 3, with strongest association in adolescence. ADHD and ASD PGST also showed association across ages 11-17 years. In the South Asian sample, evidence for associations between all PGST and outcome measures were weaker. There was weak evidence of association between PGSNT for anxiety and depression and age 17 symptom scores in the South Asian sample, but not in the European sample for any outcome. Overall, PGST for depression, anxiety, ADHD and ASD contributed to youth emotional problems, with stronger associations in adolescence. There was limited support for non-transmitted genetic effects: these findings do not support the hypothesis that parental polygenic psychiatric/neurodevelopmental liability confer risk to offspring emotional problems through non-transmitted rearing/nurture effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Shakeshaft
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | - Joanna Martin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Charlotte A Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Cathryn M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michael C O'Donovan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental Health, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Benstock SE, Weaver K, Hettema J, Verhulst B. Using Alternative Definitions of Controls to Increase Statistical Power in GWAS. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3858178. [PMID: 38352402 PMCID: PMC10862954 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3858178/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are underpowered due to small effect sizes of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on phenotypes and extreme multiple testing thresholds. The most common approach for increasing statistical power is to increase sample size. We propose an alternative strategy of redefining case-control outcomes into ordinal case-subthreshold-asymptomatic variables. While maintaining the clinical case threshold, we subdivide controls into two groups: individuals who are symptomatic but do not meet the clinical criteria for diagnosis (subthreshold) and individuals who are effectively asymptomatic. We conducted a simulation study to examine the impact of effect size, minor allele frequency, population prevalence, and the prevalence of the subthreshold group on statistical power to detect genetic associations in three scenarios: a standard case-control, an ordinal, and a case-asymptomatic control analysis. Our results suggest the ordinal model consistently provides the most statistical power while the case-control model the least. Power in the case-asymptomatic control model reflects the case-control or ordinal model depending on the population prevalence and size of the subthreshold category. We then analyzed a major depression phenotype from the UK Biobank to corroborate our simulation results. Overall, the ordinal model improves statistical power in GWAS consistent with increasing the sample size by approximately 10%.
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Zhang T, Chen Y, Li X, Zhang J, Duan L. Genetic associations and potential mediators between psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome: a Mendelian randomization study with mediation analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1279266. [PMID: 38352653 PMCID: PMC10861787 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1279266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Potential causal associations between psychiatric disorders and irritable bowel syndrome have been demonstrated in observational studies; however, these studies are susceptible to underlying confounding and reverse causation biases. We aimed to assess the causal effects of psychiatric disorders on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the potential mediators from a genetic perspective by conducting a Mendelian randomization (MR) study with mediation analysis. Method Genetic instruments associated with psychiatric disorders, potential mediators, and IBS were obtained from large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Three MR methods - the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, MR-Egger method, and weighted median method, were used to investigate causal association estimates. Heterogeneity among different genetic instrumental variables (IVs) was assessed using Q tests. Additionally, the MR-PRESSO and MR-Pleiotropy methods were used to verify horizontal pleiotropy and detect outliers that might bias the results, which were removed from further analysis. Consequently, we used MR mediation analysis to investigate potential mediators in the causal associations between psychiatric disorders and IBS. Results MR provided evidence of the causal effects of genetically predicted broad depression, major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and schizophrenia on IBS. The results of MR mediation analysis demonstrated that the reduction in acetate levels mediated 12.6% of the effects of broad depression on IBS; insomnia mediated 16.00%, 16.20%, and 27.14% of the effects of broad depression, MDD, and PTSD on IBS, respectively; and the increase in blood β-hydroxybutyrate levels mediated 50.76% of the effects of schizophrenia on IBS. Conclusion Our study confirmed the brain-gut axis involvement and potential modulators in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorder-induced IBS from a genetic perspective, and suggests potential therapeutic targets for the disrupted brain-gut axis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liping Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yakovchik AY, Tolynyova DV, Kashtanova DA, Sutulova ER, Ivanov MV, Mamchur AA, Erema VV, Matkava LR, Terekhov MV, Rumyantseva AM, Blinova OI, Akinshina AI, Mitrofanov SI, Yudin VS, Makarov VV, Keskinov AА, Kraevoy SA, Yudin SM. Genetics of psycho-emotional well-being: genome-wide association study and polygenic risk score analysis. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1188427. [PMID: 38328521 PMCID: PMC10847277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1188427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Psycho-emotional well-being is essential for living a life of satisfaction and fulfillment. However, depression and anxiety have become the leading mental health issues worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. Both disorders have been linked to stress and other psychological factors. Their genetic basis remains understudied. Methods In 2020-2021, the psycho-emotional well-being of 30,063 Russians with no known psychiatric history was assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) for general mental health and the HADS subscale A (anxiety) for anxiety. Following the original instructions, an anxiety score of ≥11 points was used as the anxiety threshold. A genome-wide association study was performed to find associations between anxiety and HADS/HADS-A scores using linear and logistic regressions based on HADS/HADS-A scores as binary and continuous variables, respectively. In addition, the links between anxiety, sociodemographic factors (such as age, sex, and employment), lifestyle (such as physical activity, sleep duration, and smoking), and markers of caffeine and alcohol metabolism were analyzed. To assess the risk of anxiety, polygenic risk score modeling was carried out using open-access software and principal component analysis (PCA) to simplify the calculations (ROC AUC = 89.4 ± 2.2% on the test set). Results There was a strong positive association between HADS/HADS-A scores and sociodemographic factors and lifestyle. New single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with genome-wide significance were discovered, which had not been associated with anxiety or other stress-related conditions but were located in genes previously associated with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or emotional instability. The CACNA1C variant rs1205787230 was associated with clinical anxiety (a HADS-A score of ≥11 points). There was an association between anxiety levels (HADS-A scores) and genes involved in the activity of excitatory neurotransmitters: PTPRN2 (rs3857647), DLGAP4 (rs8114927), and STK24 (rs9517326). Conclusion Our results suggest that calcium channels and monoamine neurotransmitters, as well as SNPs in genes directly or indirectly affecting neurogenesis and synaptic functions, may be involved in the development of increased anxiety. The role of some non-genetic factors and the clinical significance of physiological markers such as lifestyle were also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yurievna Yakovchik
- Federal State Budgetary Institution Centre for Strategic Planning and Management of Biomedical Health Risks of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
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Kiive E, Kurrikoff T, Veidebaum T, Harro J. To Each His Own Fear: Gender-Related Association of Anxiety, Substance Use, and Eating Disorders in a Representative Birth Cohort Sample of Young Adults with Either COMT Val158Met allele. Neuropsychobiology 2024; 83:41-48. [PMID: 38228118 PMCID: PMC10871680 DOI: 10.1159/000535912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in catecholamine neurotransmitter metabolism has led to the investigation of variants of the corresponding gene in the etiology of different psychiatric disorders, but the results are inconclusive. METHODS We have examined the relationship between COMT Val158Met single nucleotide polymorphism (rs4680) and the occurrence of psychiatric disorders in a highly representative birth cohort sample of young adults in the Estonian Children Personality Behaviour and Health Study (original n = 1,238). The lifetime occurrence of psychiatric disorders at the age of 25 years was assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. RESULTS Both Val- and Met-alleles of the COMT Val158Met were associated with specific psychiatric disorders. Met-allele carriers had a significantly higher occurrence of agoraphobia (3.2% vs. 0.5%; χ2 = 4.10; p < 0.05) compared to Val/Val homozygotes. Also, the occurrence of panic disorder was significantly higher in female Met-allele carriers than in Val/Val homozygote females (10.2% vs. 3.6%; χ2 = 4.62 p = 0.03). In contrast, the occurrence of generalized anxiety disorder was higher in Val/Val females when compared to Met-allele carriers (12.7% vs. 6.8%; χ2 = 4.16; p = 0.04). Also, female Val/Val homozygotes (15.5%) had a higher occurrence of eating disorders than Met-allele carriers (6.1%) of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism (χ2 = 10.39; p = 0.002). In the whole sample, Met-allele homozygotes had a higher occurrence of alcohol use and substance use disorders than Val-allele carriers (χ2 = 3.62 and 3.68, respectively; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION In a regional highly birth cohort representative sample, either COMT rs4680 variant was observed in association with specific psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Kiive
- Division of Special Education, Department of Education, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Triin Kurrikoff
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Jaanus Harro
- Division of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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McClellan JM, Zoghbi AW, Buxbaum JD, Cappi C, Crowley JJ, Flint J, Grice DE, Gulsuner S, Iyegbe C, Jain S, Kuo PH, Lattig MC, Passos-Bueno MR, Purushottam M, Stein DJ, Sunshine AB, Susser ES, Walsh CA, Wootton O, King MC. An evolutionary perspective on complex neuropsychiatric disease. Neuron 2024; 112:7-24. [PMID: 38016473 PMCID: PMC10842497 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The forces of evolution-mutation, selection, migration, and genetic drift-shape the genetic architecture of human traits, including the genetic architecture of complex neuropsychiatric illnesses. Studying these illnesses in populations that are diverse in genetic ancestry, historical demography, and cultural history can reveal how evolutionary forces have guided adaptation over time and place. A fundamental truth of shared human biology is that an allele responsible for a disease in anyone, anywhere, reveals a gene critical to the normal biology underlying that condition in everyone, everywhere. Understanding the genetic causes of neuropsychiatric disease in the widest possible range of human populations thus yields the greatest possible range of insight into genes critical to human brain development. In this perspective, we explore some of the relationships between genes, adaptation, and history that can be illuminated by an evolutionary perspective on studies of complex neuropsychiatric disease in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon M McClellan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Anthony W Zoghbi
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joseph D Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - James J Crowley
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jonathan Flint
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Dorothy E Grice
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Suleyman Gulsuner
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Conrad Iyegbe
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Meera Purushottam
- Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Dan J Stein
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anna B Sunshine
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ezra S Susser
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christopher A Walsh
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Division of Genetics and Genomics and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Olivia Wootton
- SAMRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary-Claire King
- Department of Medicine and Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Wilson JE, Sealock J, Straub P, Raman R, Kipp AM, Dittus RS, Heckers S, Ely W, Davis LK. Exploring genetic risk for catatonia in a genome wide association study and polygenic risk score analysis. Schizophr Res 2024; 263:178-190. [PMID: 37517919 PMCID: PMC10822029 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catatonia is an under-recognized disorder characterized by psychomotor (increased, decreased, or abnormal) changes, affective symptoms, and disturbance of volition, which may arise in the setting of decompensated psychiatric or non-psychiatric medical disorders. Genetic studies of catatonia are limited, and to the best of our knowledge no prior genome wide association studies of catatonia have been performed to date. METHODS First we performed a genome wide association study of catatonia regardless of etiology (psychiatric or non-psychiatric). Secondarily we evaluated whether there was an elevated genetic risk profile for predisposing psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia spectrum disorder, bipolar affective disorder, etc.) in patients with catatonia. We used a matched case control design and applied polygenic risk scores to evaluate for a shared polygenetic contribution to catatonia from common psychiatric phenotypes that show a high prevalence of catatonia in their decompensated states. RESULTS Anxiety, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder and cross disorder polygenic risk scores were significantly associated with catatonia case status in both unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models for the European Ancestry set even after correcting for multiple comparisons. Depression, Alzheimer's, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Obsessive Disorder polygenic risk scores were not significantly associated with catatonia status in participants of European Ancestry. In the African Ancestry set, no psychiatric polygenic risk scores were significantly associated with catatonia status in either the unadjusted or adjusted regression models. CONCLUSIONS Even after controlling for relevant covariates, anxiety, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia spectrum disorder and cross disorders were significantly associated with catatonia status suggesting that there might be a shared genetic risk for those disorders amongst patients with catatonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Ellen Wilson
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Julia Sealock
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Peter Straub
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rameela Raman
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Aaron M Kipp
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Dittus
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Center for Health Services Research and the Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Stephan Heckers
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wes Ely
- Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship Center, Center for Health Services Research, Nashville, TN, USA; Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center Service, Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Nashville, TN, USA
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Shi Y, Sprooten E, Mulders P, Vrijsen J, Bralten J, Demontis D, Børglum AD, Walters GB, Stefansson K, van Eijndhoven P, Tendolkar I, Franke B, Mota NR. Multi-polygenic scores in psychiatry: From disorder specific to transdiagnostic perspectives. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024; 195:e32951. [PMID: 37334623 PMCID: PMC10803201 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
The dense co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders questions the categorical classification tradition and motivates efforts to establish dimensional constructs with neurobiological foundations that transcend diagnostic boundaries. In this study, we examined the genetic liability for eight major psychiatric disorder phenotypes under both a disorder-specific and a transdiagnostic framework. The study sample (n = 513) was deeply phenotyped, consisting of 452 patients from tertiary care with mood disorders, anxiety disorders (ANX), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders, and/or substance use disorders (SUD) and 61 unaffected comparison individuals. We computed subject-specific polygenic risk score (PRS) profiles and assessed their associations with psychiatric diagnoses, comorbidity status, as well as cross-disorder behavioral dimensions derived from a rich battery of psychopathology assessments. High PRSs for depression were unselectively associated with the diagnosis of SUD, ADHD, ANX, and mood disorders (p < 1e-4). In the dimensional approach, four distinct functional domains were uncovered, namely the negative valence, social, cognitive, and regulatory systems, closely matching the major functional domains proposed by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Critically, the genetic predisposition for depression was selectively reflected in the functional aspect of negative valence systems (R2 = 0.041, p = 5e-4) but not others. This study adds evidence to the ongoing discussion about the misalignment between current psychiatric nosology and the underlying psychiatric genetic etiology and underscores the effectiveness of the dimensional approach in both the functional characterization of psychiatric patients and the delineation of the genetic liability for psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Shi
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma Sprooten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Mulders
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna Vrijsen
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Depression Expertise Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janita Bralten
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine/Human Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - G. Bragi Walters
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics, Reykjavík, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Roth Mota
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Hübel C, Abdulkadir M, Herle M, Palmos AB, Loos RJF, Breen G, Micali N, Bulik CM. Persistent thinness and anorexia nervosa differ on a genomic level. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:117-124. [PMID: 37474786 PMCID: PMC10772076 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01431-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thinness and anorexia nervosa are both characterised by persistent low weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa concurrently report distorted perceptions of their body and engage in weight-loss behaviours, whereas individuals with thinness often wish to gain weight. Both conditions are heritable and share genomics with BMI, but are not genetically correlated with each other. Based on their pattern of genetic associations with other traits, we explored differences between thinness and anorexia nervosa on a genomic level. In Part 1, using publicly available data, we compared genetic correlations of persistent thinness/anorexia nervosa with eleven psychiatric disorders. In Part 2, we identified individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) by latent class growth analysis of measured BMI from 10 to 24 years (n = 6594) and evaluated associations with psychiatric and anthropometric polygenic scores. In Part 1, in contrast to the positive genetic correlations of anorexia nervosa with various psychiatric disorders, persistent thinness showed negative genetic correlations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rgAN = 0.08 vs. rgPT = -0.30), alcohol dependence (rgAN = 0.07 vs. rgPT = -0.44), major depressive disorder (rgAN = 0.27 vs. rgPT = -0.18) and post-traumatic stress disorder (rgAN = 0.26 vs. rgPT = -0.20). In Part 2, individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the ALSPAC had lower borderline personality disorder polygenic scores (OR = 0.77; Q = 0.01). Overall, results suggest that genetic variants associated with thinness are negatively associated with psychiatric disorders and therefore thinness may be differentiable from anorexia nervosa on a genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mohamed Abdulkadir
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Herle
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alish B Palmos
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Ruth J F Loos
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Eating Disorders Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre Ballerup, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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50
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Dennison CA, Martin J, Shakeshaft A, Riglin L, Rice F, Lewis CM, O'Donovan MC, Thapar A. Stratifying early-onset emotional disorders: using genetics to assess persistence in young people of European and South Asian ancestry. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:42-51. [PMID: 37469035 PMCID: PMC10807819 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression and anxiety are the most common mental health problems in young people. Currently, clinicians are advised to wait before initiating treatment for young people with these disorders as many spontaneously remit. However, others develop recurrent disorder but this subgroup cannot be identified at the outset. We examined whether psychiatric polygenic scores (PGS) could help inform stratification efforts to predict those at higher risk of recurrence. METHODS Probable emotional disorder was examined in two UK population cohorts using the emotional symptoms subscale of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Those with emotional disorder at two or more time points between ages 5 and 25 years were classed as 'recurrent emotional disorder' (n = 1,643) and those with emotional disorder at one time point as having 'single episode emotional disorder' (n = 1,435, controls n = 8,715). We first examined the relationship between psychiatric PGS and emotional disorders in childhood and adolescence. Second, we tested whether psychiatric PGS added to predictor variables of known association with emotional disorder (neurodevelopmental comorbidity, special educational needs, family history of depression and socioeconomic status) when discriminating between single-episode and recurrent emotional disorder. Analyses were conducted separately in individuals of European and South Asian ancestry. RESULTS Probable emotional disorder was associated with higher PGS for major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety, broad depression, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in those of European ancestry. Higher MDD and broad depression PGS were associated with emotional disorder in people of South Asian ancestry. Recurrent, compared to single-episode, emotional disorder was associated with ASD and parental psychiatric history. PGS were not associated with episode recurrence, and PGS did not improve discrimination of recurrence when combined with clinical predictors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings do not support the use of PGS as a tool to assess the likelihood of recurrence in young people experiencing their first episode of emotional disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte A. Dennison
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Joanna Martin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Amy Shakeshaft
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Lucy Riglin
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Frances Rice
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Michael C. O'Donovan
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Anita Thapar
- Wolfson Centre for Young People's Mental HealthCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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