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Patel Y, Woo A, Shi S, Ayoub R, Shin J, Botta A, Ketela T, Sung HK, Lerch J, Nieman B, Paus T, Pausova Z. Obesity and the cerebral cortex: Underlying neurobiology in mice and humans. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:637-647. [PMID: 38663773 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major modifiable risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), characterized by progressive atrophy of the cerebral cortex. The neurobiology of obesity contributions to AD is poorly understood. Here we show with in vivo MRI that diet-induced obesity decreases cortical volume in mice, and that higher body adiposity associates with lower cortical volume in humans. Single-nuclei transcriptomics of the mouse cortex reveals that dietary obesity promotes an array of neuron-adverse transcriptional dysregulations, which are mediated by an interplay of excitatory neurons and glial cells, and which involve microglial activation and lowered neuronal capacity for neuritogenesis and maintenance of membrane potential. The transcriptional dysregulations of microglia, more than of other cell types, are like those in AD, as assessed with single-nuclei cortical transcriptomics in a mouse model of AD and two sets of human donors with the disease. Serial two-photon tomography of microglia demonstrates microgliosis throughout the mouse cortex. The spatial pattern of adiposity-cortical volume associations in human cohorts interrogated together with in silico bulk and single-nucleus transcriptomic data from the human cortex implicated microglia (along with other glial cells and subtypes of excitatory neurons), and it correlated positively with the spatial profile of cortical atrophy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and AD. Thus, multi-cell neuron-adverse dysregulations likely contribute to the loss of cortical tissue in obesity. The dysregulations of microglia may be pivotal to the obesity-related risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yash Patel
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Woo
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sammy Shi
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ramy Ayoub
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jean Shin
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Troy Ketela
- Princess Margaret Genomics Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Lerch
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University, Oxford, Great Britton
| | - Brian Nieman
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Paus
- Department of Psychiatry and Addictology and Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zdenka Pausova
- The Hospital for Sick Children, Translational Medicine Program, Toronto, ON, Canada; Departments of Physiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Liza MM, Roy S, Iktidar MA, Chowdhury S, Sharif AB. Nutritional status, dietary habits, and their relation to cognitive functions: A cross-sectional study among the school aged (8-14 years) children of Bangladesh. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304363. [PMID: 38805518 PMCID: PMC11132469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research addressed links between nutritional status, dietary habits, and cognitive functions in young children. This study assessed the status of cognitive functions and their association with nutritional status and dietary habits of school age children of Bangladesh. METHODS This cross-sectional multi-centre study was conducted on 776 participants in 11 conveniently selected educational institutions. A printed questionnaire with three sections (Section 1: background information, section 2: PedsQL™ Cognitive Functioning Scale, and section 3: semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire) was utilized for the data collection purpose. Sections 1 and 3 were self-reported by parents, and trained volunteers completed section 2 in-person along with the anthropometric measurements. Statistical analyses were done in Stata (v.16). Mean with standard deviation and frequencies with percentages were used to summarize quantitative and qualitative variables, respectively. Pearson's chi-square test and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient were used to explore bivariate relationships. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 12.02±1.88 years, and the majority (67%) were females. The prevalence of poor cognitive function was 46.52%, and among them, 66.02% were females. In terms of body mass index (BMI), 22.44% possessed normal weight, 17.51% were overweight, and 5.19% were obese. This study found a statistically significant relationship between BMI and cognitive functions. Furthermore, different dietary components (e.g., protein, carbohydrate, fat, fiber, iron, magnesium) showed a significant (p<0.05 for all) weak positive correlation with cognitive function. CONCLUSION BMI and dietary habits were associated with the cognitive function of young children in Bangladesh. Although the cross-sectional design of the study precludes causal relationships from being determined, the study finding deserves further examination via longitudinal research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simanta Roy
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Azaz Bin Sharif
- Department of Public Health, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Global Health Institute, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Schrempft S, Trofimova O, Künzi M, Ramponi C, Lutti A, Kherif F, Latypova A, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Preisig M, Kliegel M, Stringhini S, Draganski B. The Neurobiology of Life Course Socioeconomic Conditions and Associated Cognitive Performance in Middle to Late Adulthood. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1231232024. [PMID: 38499361 PMCID: PMC11044112 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1231-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite major advances, our understanding of the neurobiology of life course socioeconomic conditions is still scarce. This study aimed to provide insight into the pathways linking socioeconomic exposures-household income, last known occupational position, and life course socioeconomic trajectories-with brain microstructure and cognitive performance in middle to late adulthood. We assessed socioeconomic conditions alongside quantitative relaxometry and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging indicators of brain tissue microstructure and cognitive performance in a sample of community-dwelling men and women (N = 751, aged 50-91 years). We adjusted the applied regression analyses and structural equation models for the linear and nonlinear effects of age, sex, education, cardiovascular risk factors, and the presence of depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Individuals from lower-income households showed signs of advanced brain white matter (WM) aging with greater mean diffusivity (MD), lower neurite density, lower myelination, and lower iron content. The association between household income and MD was mediated by neurite density (B = 0.084, p = 0.003) and myelination (B = 0.019, p = 0.009); MD partially mediated the association between household income and cognitive performance (B = 0.017, p < 0.05). Household income moderated the relation between WM microstructure and cognitive performance, such that greater MD, lower myelination, or lower neurite density was only associated with poorer cognitive performance among individuals from lower-income households. Individuals from higher-income households showed preserved cognitive performance even with greater MD, lower myelination, or lower neurite density. These findings provide novel mechanistic insights into the associations between socioeconomic conditions, brain anatomy, and cognitive performance in middle to late adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Schrempft
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland
| | - Olga Trofimova
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Swiss National Centre of Competences in Research, "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Lausanne and University of Geneva, Lausanne CH-1015 and Carouge CH-1227, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Carouge CH-1227, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Ramponi
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Adeliya Latypova
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1008, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Swiss National Centre of Competences in Research, "LIVES - Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives," University of Lausanne and University of Geneva, Lausanne CH-1015 and Carouge CH-1227, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Carouge CH-1227, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- Unit of Population Epidemiology, Division of Primary Care, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva CH-1205, Switzerland
- Department of Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
- University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1005, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1011, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Max-Planck-Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, D-04303 Leipzig, Germany
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Nakamura Y, Yamasaki S, Okada N, Ando S, Nishida A, Kasai K, Koike S. Macronutrient intake is associated with intelligence and neural development in adolescents. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1349738. [PMID: 38706562 PMCID: PMC11067507 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1349738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Macronutrient intake can be one of the most influential factors in cognitive and neural development in adolescents. Adolescence is a specific period of cognitive and neural development, and nutritional effects during this period could be life-long. Therefore, understanding the effects of macronutrient intake on cognitive and neural development in adolescents is crucially important. We thus examined the association across macronutrient intake, intelligence, and neural development using population-based cohort data. Methods We conducted two studies. In study 1, we included a total of 1,734 participants (boys, 907, age [mean ± standard deviation] 171.9 ± 3.44 months; range 163.0-186.0 months) from the Tokyo TEEN Cohort (TTC) to examine the association between macronutrient intake and intelligence quotient (IQ). In study 2, we included a total of 63 participants (boys, 38, age 174.4 ± 7.7 months; range 160.7-191.6 months) to investigate the effect of nutrition intake on neural development using graph theory analysis for resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) derived from a subset of the TTC. Results TTC data revealed that a higher IQ was associated in boys with increased protein intake (β = 0.068, p = 0.031), and in girls, with reduced carbohydrate intake (β = -0.076, p = 0.024). Graph theory analysis for rs-fMRI at approximately age 12 has shown that impaired local efficiency in the left inferior frontal gyrus was associated with higher carbohydrate and fat intake ([x, y, z] = [-51, 23, 8], pFDR-corrected = 0.00018 and 0.02290, respectively), whereas increased betweenness centrality in the left middle temporal gyrus was associated with higher carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake ([x, y, z] = [-61, -43, -13], pFDR-corrected = 0.0027, 0.0029, and 0.00075, respectively). Moreover, we identified a significant moderating effect of fat and protein intake on the relationship between change in betweenness centrality over a 2-year measurement gap in the left middle temporal gyrus and intelligence (β = 12.41, p = 0.0457; β = 12.12, p = 0.0401, respectively). Conclusion Our study showed the association between macronutrient intake and neural development related to intelligence in early adolescents. Appropriate nutritional intake would be a key factor for healthy cognitive and neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Nakamura
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Syudo Yamasaki
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ando
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nishida
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Center for Evolutionary Cognitive Sciences, Graduate School of Art and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- University of Tokyo Institute for Diversity & Adaptation of Human Mind (UTIDAHM), Tokyo, Japan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (IRCN), Tokyo, Japan
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Hammoud RA, Ammar LA, McCall SJ, Shamseddeen W, Elbejjani M. Brain volumes, behavioral inhibition, and anxiety disorders in children: results from the adolescent brain cognitive development study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:257. [PMID: 38575908 PMCID: PMC10996182 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have identified brain changes associated with anxiety disorders (ADs), but the results remain mixed, particularly at a younger age. One key predictor of ADs is behavioral inhibition (BI), a childhood tendency for high avoidance of novel stimuli. This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between candidate brain regions, BI, and ADs among children using baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. METHODS We analyzed global and regional brain volumes of 9,353 children (9-10 years old) in relation to BI and current ADs, using linear mixed models accounting for family clustering and important demographic and socioeconomic covariates. We further investigated whether and how past anxiety was related to brain volumes. RESULTS Among included participants, 249 (2.66%) had a current AD. Larger total white matter (Beta = -0.152; 95% CI [-0.281, -0.023]), thalamus (Beta = -0.168; 95% CI [-0.291, -0.044]), and smaller hippocampus volumes (Beta = 0.094; 95% CI [-0.008, 0.196]) were associated with lower BI scores. Amygdala volume was not related to BI. Larger total cortical (OR = 0.751; 95% CI [0.580;0.970]), amygdala (OR = 0.798; 95%CI [0.666;0.956]), and precentral gyrus (OR = 0.802; 95% CI [0.661;0.973]) volumes were associated with lower odds of currently having ADs. Children with past ADs had smaller total white matter and amygdala volumes. CONCLUSIONS The results show associations between brain volumes and both BI and ADs at an early age. Importantly, results suggest that ADs and BI have different neurobiological correlates and that earlier occurrences of ADs may influence brain structures related to BI and ADs, motivating research that can better delineate the similarities and divergence in the neurobiological underpinnings and building blocks of BI and ADs across their development in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan A Hammoud
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lara Abou Ammar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stephen J McCall
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wael Shamseddeen
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Martine Elbejjani
- Clinical Research Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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Ahmmed F, Hossain MJ, Khan MTF, Manik MMR, Shahriar S, Nandi DC, Hussain MP. Mediating effect of BMI on the association of economic status and coexistence of hypertension and diabetes in Bangladesh: A counterfactual framework-based weighting approach. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2063. [PMID: 38660004 PMCID: PMC11039488 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Non-communicable diseases such as hypertension and diabetes are matters of huge concern worldwide, with an increasing trend in prevalence over the previous decade. First of all, this study aimed to evaluate the association between economic status (ES) and body mass index (BMI), ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes, and BMI and comorbidity independently. Second, it explored the mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes. Finally, it investigated whether the mediating effect differs with the place of residence, gender, and education levels. Methods A total of 11,291 complete cases from the Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2017-18 were utilized for this study. Survey-based binary logistic regression or multiple logistic regression was used to find the association among outcome, exposure, and mediator variables, and a counterfactual framework-based weighting approach was utilized for mediation analysis. Results Middle-income (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.696, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.219, 2.360) and rich (AOR: 2.770, CI: 2.054, 3.736) respondents were more likely to have comorbidity of hypertension and diabetes compared to the poor. The odds of comorbidity increased with the increase in BMI. A positive association was observed between ES and BMI. A significant mediating role of BMI in the association between ES and comorbidity was found. We observed that 19.85% (95% CI: 11.50%, 49.6%) and 20.35% (95% CI: 14.9%, 29.3%) of total effect was mediated by BMI for middle and rich respondents, respectively, compared to the poor. Conclusions The mediating role of BMI was greater for female, no or primary educated respondents, and respondents from rural areas. Therefore, the study will facilitate policymakers of Bangladesh and other countries with a similar set-up to decide on health policies regarding hypertension and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foyez Ahmmed
- Department of StatisticsComilla UniversityCumillaBangladesh
- Department of Biostatistics & Data ScienceUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKansasUSA
| | - Md. Jamal Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesState University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
| | | | | | - Saimon Shahriar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical SciencesState University of BangladeshDhakaBangladesh
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Lane JM, Merced-Nieves FM, Midya V, Liu SH, Martinez-Medina S, Wright RJ, Téllez-Rojo MM, Wright RO. Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and childhood temporal processing in the PROGRESS Birth Cohort Study: Modification by childhood obesity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170576. [PMID: 38309331 PMCID: PMC10922956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Children are frequently exposed to various biological trace metals, some essential for their development, while others can be potent neurotoxicants. Furthermore, the inflammatory and metabolic conditions associated with obesity may interact with and amplify the impact of metal exposure on neurodevelopment. However, few studies have assessed the potential modification effect of body mass index (BMI). As a result, we investigated the role of child BMI phenotype on the relationship between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and temporal processing. Leveraging the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City, children (N = 563) aged 6-9 years completed a Temporal Response Differentiation (TRD) task where they had to hold a lever down for 10-14 s. Blood and urinary metal (As, Pb, Cd, and Mn) measurements were collected from mothers in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Child BMI z-scores were dichotomized to normal (between -2 and +0.99) and high (≥1.00). Covariate-adjusted weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were used to estimate and examine the combined effect of metal biomarkers (i.e., blood and urine) on TRD measures. Effect modification by the child's BMI was evaluated using 2-way interaction terms. Children with a high BMI and greater exposure to the metal mixture during prenatal development exhibited significant temporal processing deficits compared to children with a normal BMI. Notably, children with increased exposure to the metal mixture and higher BMI had a decrease in the percent of tasks completed (β = -10.13; 95 % CI: -19.84, -0.42), number of average holds (β = -2.15; 95 % CI: -3.88, -0.41), longer latency (β = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.13, 1.44), and greater variability in the standard deviation of the total hold time (β = 2.08; 95 % CI: 0.34, 3.82) compared to normal BMI children. These findings implicate that high BMI may amplify the effect of metals on children's temporal processing. Understanding the relationship between metal exposures, temporal processing, and childhood obesity can provide valuable insights for developing targeted environmental interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil M Lane
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Francheska M Merced-Nieves
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vishal Midya
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shelley H Liu
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, USA
| | - Sandra Martinez-Medina
- Division of Community Interventions Research, National Institute of Perinatology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalind J Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martha M Téllez-Rojo
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Robert O Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Wen X, Qu D, Liu D, Shu Y, Zhao S, Wu G, Wang Y, Cui Z, Zhang X, Chen R. Brain structural and functional signatures of multi-generational family history of suicidal behaviors in preadolescent children. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:484-495. [PMID: 38102486 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Parent-child transmission of suicidal behaviors has been extensively studied, but the investigation of a three-generation family suicide risk paradigm remains limited. In this study, we aimed to explore the behavioral and brain signatures of multi-generational family history of suicidal behaviors (FHoS) in preadolescents, utilizing a longitudinal design and the dataset from Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®), which comprised 4 years of data and includes a total of 9,653 preadolescents. Our findings revealed that multi-generational FHoS was significantly associated with an increased risk of problematic behaviors and suicidal behaviors (suicide ideation and suicide attempt) in offspring. Interestingly, the problematic behaviors were further identified as a mediator in the multi-generational transmission of suicidal behaviors. Additionally, we observed alterations in brain structure within superior temporal gyrus (STG), precentral/postcentral cortex, posterior parietal cortex (PPC), cingulate cortex (CC), and planum temporale (PT), as well as disrupted functional connectivity of default mode network (DMN), ventral attention network (VAN), dorsal attention network (DAN), fronto-parietal network (FPN), and cingulo-opercular network (CON) among preadolescents with FHoS. These results provide compelling longitudinal evidence at the population level, highlighting the associations between multi-generational FHoS and maladaptive behavioral and neurodevelopmental outcomes in offspring. These findings underscore the need for early preventive measures aimed at mitigating the familial transmission of suicide risk and reducing the global burden of deaths among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Shu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoling Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Wulituo Hospital of Shijingshan District, Beijing, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Gornik AE, Northrup RA, Kalb LG, Jacobson LA, Lieb RW, Peterson RK, Wexler D, Ludwig NN, Ng R, Pritchard AE. To confirm your appointment, please press one: Examining demographic and health system interface factors that predict missed appointments in a pediatric outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 38:279-301. [PMID: 37291078 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2023.2219421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Missed patient appointments have a substantial negative impact on patient care, child health and well-being, and clinic functioning. This study aims to identify health system interface and child/family demographic characteristics as potential predictors of appointment attendance in a pediatric outpatient neuropsychology clinic. Method: Pediatric patients (N = 6,976 across 13,362 scheduled appointments) who attended versus missed scheduled appointments at a large, urban assessment clinic were compared on a broad array of factors extracted from the medical record, and the cumulative impact of significant risk factors was examined. Results: In the final multivariate logistic regression model, health system interface factors that significantly predicted more missed appointments included a higher percentage of previous missed appointments within the broader medical center, missing pre-visit intake paperwork, assessment/testing appointment type, and visit timing relative to the COVID-19 pandemic (i.e. more missed appointments prior to the pandemic). Demographic characteristics that significantly predicted more missed appointments in the final model included Medicaid (medical assistance) insurance and greater neighborhood disadvantage per the Area Deprivation Index (ADI). Waitlist length, referral source, season, format (telehealth vs. in-person), need for interpreter, language, and age were not predictive of appointment attendance. Taken together, 7.75% of patients with zero risk factors missed their appointment, while 22.30% of patients with five risk factors missed their appointment. Conclusions: Pediatric neuropsychology clinics have a unique array of factors that impact successful attendance, and identification of these factors can help inform policies, clinic procedures, and strategies to decrease barriers, and thus increase appointment attendance, in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E Gornik
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel A Northrup
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Luther G Kalb
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa A Jacobson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rebecca W Lieb
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rachel K Peterson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Danielle Wexler
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha N Ludwig
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rowena Ng
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison E Pritchard
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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10
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Dahl A, Eilertsen EM, Rodriguez-Cabello SF, Norbom LB, Tandberg AD, Leonardsen E, Lee SH, Ystrom E, Tamnes CK, Alnæs D, Westlye LT. Genetic and brain similarity independently predict childhood anthropometrics and neighborhood socioeconomic conditions. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 65:101339. [PMID: 38184855 PMCID: PMC10818201 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Linking the developing brain with individual differences in clinical and demographic traits is challenging due to the substantial interindividual heterogeneity of brain anatomy and organization. Here we employ an integrative approach that parses individual differences in both cortical thickness and common genetic variants, and assess their effects on a wide set of childhood traits. The approach uses a linear mixed model framework to obtain the unique effects of each type of similarity, as well as their covariance. We employ this approach in a sample of 7760 unrelated children in the ABCD cohort baseline sample (mean age 9.9, 46.8% female). In general, associations between cortical thickness similarity and traits were limited to anthropometrics such as height, weight, and birth weight, as well as a marker of neighborhood socioeconomic conditions. Common genetic variants explained significant proportions of variance across nearly all included outcomes, although estimates were somewhat lower than previous reports. No significant covariance of the effects of genetic and cortical thickness similarity was found. The present findings highlight the connection between anthropometrics as well as neighborhood socioeconomic conditions and the developing brain, which appear to be independent from individual differences in common genetic variants in this population-based sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Dahl
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Espen M Eilertsen
- Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health (PROMENTA), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara F Rodriguez-Cabello
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn B Norbom
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health (PROMENTA), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anneli D Tandberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health (PROMENTA), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Esten Leonardsen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sang Hong Lee
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, UniSA Allied Health & Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia; South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Eivind Ystrom
- Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health (PROMENTA), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christian K Tamnes
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Research Center for Developmental Processes and Gradients in Mental Health (PROMENTA), Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Center for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Norway
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11
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Yu B, Kelly S. Untangling the relationship between BMI and academic achievement in the elementary years. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:351-358. [PMID: 37559412 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the negative relationship between BMI and academic achievement (AA) is well documented, no prior studies have investigated the potential bi-directional relationship between BMI and AA in childhood. We investigated the longitudinal relationships between child BMI and AA across different school subjects (reading, math and science) and sexes. To do so, we employed the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study kindergarten cohort (2011), which is a nationally representative sample of American children who entered kindergarten in 2010-2011. We utilised the kindergarten-fifth grade longitudinal sample (n 17 480) and applied cross-lagged panel models with fixed effects to address unobserved heterogeneity. Our results showed significant but small reciprocal relationships between BMI and math/science achievement for girls (n 8540) (year-to-year effect sizes ranged from -0·01 to -0·04), but not for reading. In contrast, we did not find any evidence of reciprocal relationships between BMI and AA for boys (n 8940). Our results reveal that early weight status and academic performance may be jointly responsible for a vicious cycle of poor AA and unhealthy weight. Breaking the cycle from AA may complement existing obesity prevention strategies, particularly for girls in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baeksan Yu
- Gwangju National University of Education, Department of Education, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sean Kelly
- Department of Educational Foundations, Organizations, and Policy, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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12
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Huang J, Kee MZL, Law EC, Sum KK, Silveira PP, Godfrey KM, Daniel LM, Tan KH, Chong YS, Chan SY, Eriksson JG, Meaney MJ, Huang JY. Parental and child genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation and early-life cognitive development: an Asian and European prospective cohort study. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:2. [PMID: 38177108 PMCID: PMC10766615 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02694-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and glucose metabolism have been associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. However, in the metabolically more susceptible Asian populations, it is not clear whether the genetic burden of glycaemic dysregulation influences early-life neurodevelopment. In a multi-ethnic Asian prospective cohort study in Singapore (Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO)), we constructed child and parental polygenic risk scores (PRS) for glycaemic dysregulation based on the largest genome-wide association studies of type 2 diabetes and fasting glucose among Asians. We found that child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with a lower perceptual reasoning score at ~7 years (β = -0. 141, p-value = 0.024, 95% CI -0. 264 to -0. 018) and a lower WIAT-III mean score at ~9 years (β = -0.222, p-value = 0.001, 95% CI -0.357 to -0.087). This association were consistent in direction among boys and girls. These inverse associations were not influenced by parental PRS and were likely mediated via insulin resistance rather than mediators such as birth weight and childhood body mass index. Higher paternal PRS for HOMA-IR was suggestively associated with lower child perceptual reasoning at ~7 years (β = -0.172, p-value = 0.002, 95% CI -0.280 to -0.064). Replication analysis in a European cohort, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, showed that higher child PRS for fasting glucose was associated with lower verbal IQ score while higher maternal PRS for insulin resistance was associated with lower performance IQ score in their children at ~8.5 years. In summary, our findings suggest that higher child PRS for HOMA-IR was associated with lower cognitive scores in both Asian and European replication cohorts. Differential findings between cohorts may be attributed to genetic and environmental factors. Further investigation of the functions of the genetic structure and ancestry-specific PRS and a more comprehensive investigation of behavioural mediators may help to understand these findings better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, Norfolk Place, London, UK.
| | - Michelle Z L Kee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Evelyn C Law
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ka Kei Sum
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Patricia Pelufo Silveira
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Keith M Godfrey
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre and NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton & University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - Lourdes Mary Daniel
- Department of Child Development, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok Hian Tan
- Department of Maternal Fetal Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yap Seng Chong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Human Potential Translational Research Programme, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of general practice and primary health care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J Meaney
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Douglas Hospital Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Brain-Body Initiative, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Yinhao Huang
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, Office of Public Health Studies, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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13
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Adise S, Boutelle KN, Rezvan PH, Kan E, Rhee KE, Goran MI, Sowell ER. Sex-specific impulsivity, but not other facets of executive function, predicts fat and sugar intake two-years later amongst adolescents with a healthy weight: Findings from the ABCD study. Appetite 2024; 192:107081. [PMID: 37839556 PMCID: PMC10842015 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
During adolescence, processes that control food intake (executive functions [EF]) undergo extensive refinement; underlying differences in EF may explain the inability to resist overeating unhealthy foods. Yet, overeating fat and sugar also causes changes to EF and cognition but disentangling these relationships has been difficult, as previous studies included youth with obesity. Here, amongst youth initially of a healthy weight, we evaluate whether 1) sex-specific underlying variation in EF/cognition at 9/10-years-old predict fat/sugar two-years later (Y2) and 2) if these relationships are moderated by body mass index (BMI), using linear mixed effects models (controlled for puberty, caregiver education; random effect: study site). Data were leveraged from Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study (n = 2987; 50.4% male; 15.4% Latino/a/x; 100% healthy weight at baseline; 12.4% overweight/obese by Y2, data release 4.0). EF and cognition (e.g., inhibition, cognition, motor, memory, impulsivity) were assessed with the NIH toolbox, Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task, Little Man Task, the BIS/BAS, and UPPS-P. A saturated fat/added sugar (kcals) composite score was extracted from the validated Kids Food Block Screener. For males, greater baseline impulsivity (e.g., Positive Urgency, Lack of Planning and Perseverance) and reward (e.g., Fun seeking, Drive) was related to greater Y2 intake. For both sexes, greater baseline Negative Urgency and higher BMI was related to greater Y2 intake. No other relationships were observed. Our findings highlight a phenotype that may be more at risk for weight gain due to overconsumption of fat/sugar. Thus, prevention efforts may wish to focus on impulsive tendencies for these foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Panteha Hayati Rezvan
- Biostatistics and Data Management Core, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Kan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Sowell
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Cohen JW, Ramphal B, DeSerisy M, Zhao Y, Pagliaccio D, Colcombe S, Milham MP, Margolis AE. Relative brain age is associated with socioeconomic status and anxiety/depression problems in youth. Dev Psychol 2024; 60:199-209. [PMID: 37747510 PMCID: PMC10993304 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain age, a measure of biological aging in the brain, has been linked to psychiatric illness, principally in adult populations. Components of socioeconomic status (SES) associate with differences in brain structure and psychiatric risk across the lifespan. This study aimed to investigate the influence of SES on brain aging in childhood and adolescence, a period of rapid neurodevelopment and peak onset for many psychiatric disorders. We reanalyzed data from the Healthy Brain Network to examine the influence of SES components (occupational prestige, public assistance enrollment, parent education, and household income-to-needs ratio [INR]) on relative brain age (RBA). Analyses included 470 youth (5-17 years; 61.3% men), self-identifying as White (55%), African American (15%), Hispanic (9%), or multiracial (17.2%). Household income was 3.95 ± 2.33 (mean ± SD) times the federal poverty threshold. RBA quantified differences between chronological age and brain age using covariation patterns of morphological features and total volumes. We also examined associations between RBA and psychiatric symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist [CBCL]). Models covaried for sex, scan location, and parent psychiatric diagnoses. In a linear regression, lower RBA is associated with lower parent occupational prestige (p = .01), lower public assistance enrollment (p = .03), and more parent psychiatric diagnoses (p = .01), but not parent education or INR. Lower parent occupational prestige (p = .02) and lower RBA (p = .04) are associated with higher CBCL anxious/depressed scores. Our findings underscore the importance of including SES components in developmental brain research. Delayed brain aging may represent a potential biological pathway from SES to psychiatric risk. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Cohen
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Bruce Ramphal
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
- T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard Medical School
| | - Mariah DeSerisy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Yihong Zhao
- Columbia University School of Nursing
- Center for Biological Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States
| | - David Pagliaccio
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
| | - Stan Colcombe
- Center for Biological Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States
| | - Michael P. Milham
- Child Mind Institute, New York, New York, United States
- Nathan S. Kline Institute, Orangeburg, New York, United States
| | - Amy E. Margolis
- New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University
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15
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Badicu G, Zamani Sani SH, Fathirezaie Z, Esmaeili M, Bassan JC, González-Fernández FT, Yagin FH, Alghannam AF, Cataldi S, Fischetti F, Greco G. Does body mass index distinguish motor proficiency, social and emotional maturity among adolescent girls? BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:618. [PMID: 38053077 PMCID: PMC10698883 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate whether different body mass index (BMI) groups could serve as a distinguishing factor for assessing motor proficiency and social and emotional maturity in adolescent girls. METHODS 140 girls ranging from 12 to 14.5 years old were selected from the schools of Tabriz city, Iran. After their height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index, they completed the following questionnaires: Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of motor proficiency, Second Edition,Vineland Social Maturity Scale, and Emotional Maturity scale. RESULTS normal-weight girls had a meaningful advantage against overweight and underweight participants in the gross motor factor of motor proficiency (p = 0.004), but there wasn't a meaningful difference in the fine motor p = 0.196) and coordination factors (p = 0.417). Also, social maturity showed an advantage of normal and underweight adolescent girls in the self-help dressing factor (p = 0.018), while the locomotion skills (p = 0.010) factor revealed a better performance of normal weight and overweight groups over underweight adolescents. No significant differences were observed in the emotional maturity subscales (p = 0.63) between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates that BMI has a direct influence on adolescents' gross motor proficiency and social maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgian Badicu
- Department of Physical Education and Special Motricity, Faculty of Physical Education and Mountain Sports, Transilvania University of Braşov, Braşov, 500068, Romania
| | - Seyed Hojjat Zamani Sani
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran.
| | - Zahra Fathirezaie
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Mohaddese Esmaeili
- Motor Behavior Department, Physical Education and Sport Sciences Faculty, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666, Iran
| | - Júlio Cesar Bassan
- Postgraduate Program in Physical Education, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Francisco Tomás González-Fernández
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport Sciences, Campus of Melilla, University of Granada, Melilla, 52006, Spain
| | - Fatma Hilal Yagin
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Inonu University, Malatya, 44280, Turkey.
| | - Abdullah F Alghannam
- Lifestyle and Health Research Center, Health Sciences Research Center, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefania Cataldi
- Department of Transitional Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Francesco Fischetti
- Department of Transitional Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Greco
- Department of Transitional Biomedicine and Neuroscience (DiBraiN), University of Study of Bari, Bari, 70124, Italy
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16
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Karmouta R, Strawbridge JC, Langston S, Altendahl M, Khitri M, Chu A, Tsui I. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants Screened for Retinopathy of Prematurity. JAMA Ophthalmol 2023; 141:1125-1132. [PMID: 37883103 PMCID: PMC10603571 DOI: 10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2023.4787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Importance Preterm infants screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at risk for heterogenous neurodevelopment outcomes that are difficult to predict. Objective To characterize the potential association between socioeconomic and clinical risk factors and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a diverse, multicenter cohort of premature neonates screened for ROP. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records and US Census Bureau income data. This study was performed at academic (University of California, Los Angeles [UCLA] Mattel Children's Hospital and UCLA Santa Monica Hospital), community (Cedars-Sinai Medical Center), and LA county (Harbor-UCLA Medical Center) neonatal intensive care units. Participants included infants who met American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for ROP screening and had records from at least 1 Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (BSID) neurodevelopment assessment between 0 and 36 months of adjusted age. Data analyses were conducted from January 1, 2011, to September 1, 2022. Exposures Demographic and clinical information, proxy household income, and health insurance type were collected as risk factors. Main Outcomes and Measures Neurodevelopmental outcomes in the cognitive, language, and motor domains measured via BSID were the primary outcomes. Results A total of 706 infants (mean [SD] age, 28.6 [2.4] weeks; 375 male [53.1%]) met inclusion criteria. In a multivariable model, which included adjustments for birth weight, sex, insurance type, intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), and age at assessment, public health insurance was associated with a 4-fold increased risk of moderate to severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in cognitive and language domains (cognitive, odds ratio [OR], 3.65; 95% CI, 2.28-5.86; P = 8.1 × 10-8; language, OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 2.61-6.02; P = 1.0 × 10-10) and a 3-fold increased risk in the motor domain (motor, OR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.59-4.24; P = 1.4 × 10-4). In this adjusted model, clinical factors that were associated with an increased risk of moderate to severe NDI included lower birth weight, diagnosis of IVH, male sex, and older age at time of Bayley assessment. In unadjusted analyses, infants who received either laser or anti-VEGF treatment, compared with infants without treatment-requiring ROP, had lower BSID scores in multiple domains at 0 to 12 months, 12 to 24 months, and 24 to 36 months (DATA). In the multivariable model, treatment type was no longer associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes in any domain. Conclusions and Relevance Study results suggest an association between public insurance type and NDI in a diverse population screened for ROP, indicating the complexities of neurodevelopment. This study also supports the early neurodevelopmental safety of anti-VEGF treatment, as anti-VEGF therapy was not found to be independently associated with worse NDI in any domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Karmouta
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jason C. Strawbridge
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Seth Langston
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marie Altendahl
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Monica Khitri
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Alison Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Developmental Biology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Irena Tsui
- Department of Ophthalmology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles
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17
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Furlan A, Petrus P. Brain-body communication in metabolic control. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2023; 34:813-822. [PMID: 37716877 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
A thorough understanding of the mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis is needed to prevent and treat metabolic morbidities. While the contribution of organs such as the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to the regulation of energy has received wide attention, less is known about the interplay with the nervous system. Here, we highlight the role of the nervous systems in regulating metabolism beyond the classic hypothalamic endocrine signaling models and discuss the contribution of circadian rhythms, higher brain regions, and sociodemographic variables in the energy equation. We infer that interdisciplinary approaches are key to conceptually advancing the current research frontier and devising innovative therapies to prevent and treat metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Furlan
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 171 65, Sweden.
| | - Paul Petrus
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm 141 86, Sweden.
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18
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Kalb L, Lieb R, Ludwig N, Peterson R, Pritchard A, Ng R, Wexler D, Jacobson L. Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Child Cognition in Clinically Referred Youth. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2023; 44:e543-e550. [PMID: 37590215 PMCID: PMC10592520 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000001210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE When socioeconomic status is measured at the individual and/or family level, it has long been associated with cognition in children. However, the association between neighborhood deprivation, an index of community-level socioeconomic status, and child cognition is not fully understood. The goal of this study was to investigate (1) the relationship between neighborhood deprivation and child cognitive functioning and (2) whether child age moderates the relationship between cognitive functioning and neighborhood deprivation. METHODS This study included 9878 children, ages 3 through 17 years (M = 10.4 yrs, SD = 3.4 yrs). Data were gathered from children referred for and evaluated at an urban, outpatient neuropsychology assessment clinic between 2006 and 2022, located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Neighborhood socioeconomic status was measured at the census block level using the Area Deprivation Index composite. RESULTS There was a 20-point median difference in overall intelligence between the neighborhoods with the lowest and highest levels of deprivation. Overall intelligence and verbal comprehension, compared with working memory, fluid reasoning, and processing speed, demonstrated the strongest negative association with neighborhood deprivation (all p < 0.05). Older children had lower overall intelligence scores compared with younger children in neighborhoods with high levels of deprivation ( p < 0.01), suggesting a cumulative influence of poverty exposure. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates the stark disparities in child cognitive functioning across levels of neighborhood deprivation. Findings support the importance of access to early interventions and services that promote intellectual growth and verbal capacity among children who live in neighborhoods with great deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther Kalb
- Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rebecca Lieb
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Natasha Ludwig
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rachel Peterson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Alison Pritchard
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Rowena Ng
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Danielle Wexler
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Lisa Jacobson
- Department of Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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19
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Feijó DM, Pires JF, Gomes RMR, Carlo EJF, Viana TNDL, Magalhães JR, Santos ACT, Rodrigues LD, Oliveira LF, dos Santos JCC. The impact of child poverty on brain development: does money matter? Dement Neuropsychol 2023; 17:e20220105. [PMID: 37577181 PMCID: PMC10417148 DOI: 10.1590/1980-5764-dn-2022-0105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of the human nervous system makes up a series of fundamental and interdependent events involving birth, growth, and neuronal maturation, in addition to the positive or negative selection of synapses of these neurons that will participate in the composition of neural circuits essential to the activity of the nervous system. In this context, where environment and social relationships seem to be relevant markers for neurodevelopment, advanced neuroimaging techniques and behavioral assessment tools have demonstrated alterations in brain regions and cognitive functions among children developing in low or high socioeconomic status environments. Considering the aspects mentioned, this review aimed to identify the importance of socioeconomic status in children's brain development, seeking to identify what are the impacts of these factors on the morphological and physiological formation of the nervous system, allowing a greater understanding of the importance of environmental factors in neurodevelopmental processes.
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20
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Zaffanello M, Pietrobelli A, Zoccante L, Ferrante G, Tenero L, Piazza M, Ciceri ML, Nosetti L, Piacentini G. Mental Health and Cognitive Development in Symptomatic Children and Adolescents Scoring High on Habitual Snoring: Role of Obesity and Allergy. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1183. [PMID: 37508681 PMCID: PMC10377772 DOI: 10.3390/children10071183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea can have a negative impact on children's and adolescents' neurocognitive abilities and hinder their academic and adaptive progress in academic, social, and/or behavioral dimensions. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we investigated the influence of body weight conditions and allergy status on long-term mental health, cognitive development, and quality of life in children and adolescents who snored. METHODS The study sample included 47 subjects (age range 4.1 to 15.3 years) who exhibited high levels of snoring and underwent home-based polysomnography between 2015 and 2019. Follow-up assessments (3 years on average between baseline and follow-up) entailed phone interviews with the subject's parents/caregivers who completed three validated questionnaires investigating sleep, quality of life, and parental ratings. RESULTS We found a correlation between age at diagnosis and being retrospectively overweight and high levels of snoring. In addition to a higher risk of developing emotional symptoms (8.2% increase in retrospective overweight status for each unit increase in the emotional score at follow-up) and oppositional behavior (9% increase in retrospective overweight status for each unit of oppositional T points at follow-up), we also noted reduced long-term social symptoms (11% decrease in retrospective overweight status for each unit increase in the social score at follow-up) and cognitive symptoms (10.6% decrease in retrospective overweight status for each unit increase in the cognitive score at follow-up), as well as a 6.1% increase in retrospective allergy status for each unit increase in academic performance at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Snoring can have negative impacts on mental health and cognitive development in the long term. Early detection and intervention for neuropsychological disorders is important in children and adolescents who score high on snoring. In the long term, the effects of snoring on neuropsychological disorders may vary based on previous body weight and allergy status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zaffanello
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Angelo Pietrobelli
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Leonardo Zoccante
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ferrante
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Laura Tenero
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Michele Piazza
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Luigi Ciceri
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Maternal-Child Integrated Care Department, Integrated University Hospital of Verona, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Luana Nosetti
- Pediatric Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pediatrics, Filippo Del Ponte Hospital, Insubria University, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Giorgio Piacentini
- Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Pediatrics and Gynecology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy
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21
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Mariko H, Uban KA. The implications of socioeconomic factors on salivary bioscience methodological variables in a large pediatric multi-site study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1088043. [PMID: 37427258 PMCID: PMC10327643 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1088043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Salivary bioscience has found increased utilization within pediatric research, given the non-invasive nature of self-collecting saliva for measuring biological markers. With this growth in pediatric utility, more understanding is needed of how social-contextual factors, such as socioeconomic factors or status (SES), influence salivary bioscience in large multi-site studies. Socioeconomic factors have been shown to influence non-salivary analyte levels across childhood and adolescent development. However, less is understood about relationships between these socioeconomic factors and salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., time of saliva collection from waking, time of day of saliva collection, physical activity prior to saliva collection, and caffeine intake prior to saliva collection). Variability in salivary methodological variables between participants may impact the levels of analytes measured in a salivary sample, thus serving as a potential mechanism for non-random systematic biases in analytes. Methods Our objective is to examine relationships between socioeconomic factors and salivary bioscience methodological variables within the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study© cohort of children aged 9-10 years old (n = 10,567 participants with saliva samples). Results We observed significant associations between household socioeconomic factors (poverty status, education) and salivary collection methodological variables (time since waking, time of day of sampling, physical activity, and caffeine intake). Moreover, lower levels of household poverty and education were significantly associated with more sources of potential bias in salivary collection methodological variables (e.g., longer times since waking, collections later in the day, higher odds of caffeine consumption, and lower odds of physical activity). Consistent associations were not observed with neighborhood socioeconomic factors and salivary methodological variables. Discussion Previous literature demonstrates associations between collection methodological variables and measurements of salivary analyte levels, particularly with analytes that are more sensitive to circadian rhythms, pH levels, or rigorous physical activity. Our novel findings suggest that unintended distortions in measured salivary analyte values, potentially resulting from the non-random systematic biases in salivary methodology, need to be intentionally incorporated into analyses and interpretation of results. This is particularly salient for future studies interested in examining underlying mechanisms of childhood socioeconomic health inequities in future analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hawa Mariko
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kristina A. Uban
- Program in Public Health, Susan and Henry Samueli College of Health Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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22
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Vanes L, Fenn-Moltu S, Hadaya L, Fitzgibbon S, Cordero-Grande L, Price A, Chew A, Falconer S, Arichi T, Counsell SJ, Hajnal JV, Batalle D, Edwards AD, Nosarti C. Longitudinal neonatal brain development and socio-demographic correlates of infant outcomes following preterm birth. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2023; 61:101250. [PMID: 37150083 PMCID: PMC10195853 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth results in premature exposure of the brain to the extrauterine environment during a critical period of neurodevelopment. Consequently, infants born preterm are at a heightened risk of adverse behavioural outcomes in later life. We characterise longitudinal development of neonatal regional brain volume and functional connectivity in the first weeks following preterm birth, sociodemographic factors, and their respective relationships to psychomotor outcomes and psychopathology in toddlerhood. We study 121 infants born preterm who underwent magnetic resonance imaging shortly after birth, at term-equivalent age, or both. Longitudinal regional brain volume and functional connectivity were modelled as a function of psychopathology and psychomotor outcomes at 18 months. Better psychomotor functioning in toddlerhood was associated with greater relative right cerebellar volume and a more rapid decrease over time of sensorimotor degree centrality in the neonatal period. In contrast, increased 18-month psychopathology was associated with a more rapid decrease in relative regional subcortical volume. Furthermore, while socio-economic deprivation was related to both psychopathology and psychomotor outcomes, cognitively stimulating parenting predicted psychopathology only. Our study highlights the importance of longitudinal imaging to better predict toddler outcomes following preterm birth, as well as disparate environmental influences on separable facets of behavioural development in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Vanes
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom; Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom.
| | - Sunniva Fenn-Moltu
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Laila Hadaya
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean Fitzgibbon
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Lucilio Cordero-Grande
- Biomedical Image Technologies, TelecomunicacionETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid & CIBER-BBN, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Anthony Price
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Chew
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shona Falconer
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoki Arichi
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom; Paediatric Neurosciences, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Serena J Counsell
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph V Hajnal
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Dafnis Batalle
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic and Neurodevelopmental Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - A David Edwards
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Nosarti
- Centre for the Developing Brain, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
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23
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Li ZA, Cai Y, Taylor RL, Eisenstein SA, Barch DM, Marek S, Hershey T. Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Obesity, Cognition, and White Matter Microstructure in Children. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2320276. [PMID: 37368403 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.20276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Lower neighborhood and household socioeconomic status (SES) are associated with negative health outcomes and altered brain structure in children. It is unclear whether such findings extend to white matter and via what mechanisms. Objective To assess whether and how neighborhood and household SES are independently associated with children's white matter microstructure and examine whether obesity and cognitive performance (reflecting environmental cognitive and sensory stimulation) are plausible mediators. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study used baseline data from participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. Data were collected at 21 US sites, and school-based recruitment was used to represent the US population. Children aged 9 to 11 years and their parents or caregivers completed assessments between October 1, 2016, and October 31, 2018. After exclusions, 8842 of 11 875 children in the ABCD study were included in the analyses. Data analysis was conducted from July 11 to December 19, 2022. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage was derived from area deprivation indices at participants' primary residence. Household SES factors were total income and highest parental educational attainment. Main Outcomes and Measures A restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model was used to quantify restricted normalized directional (RND; reflecting oriented myelin organization) and restricted normalized isotropic (RNI; reflecting glial and neuronal cell bodies) diffusion in 31 major white matter tracts. The RSI measurements were scanner harmonized. Obesity was assessed through body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), age- and sex-adjusted BMI z scores, and waist circumference, and cognition was assessed through the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, pubertal development stage, intracranial volume, mean head motion, and twin or siblingship. Results Among 8842 children, 4543 (51.4%) were boys, and the mean (SD) age was 9.9 (0.7) years. Linear mixed-effects models revealed that greater neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower RSI-RND in the left superior longitudinal fasciculus (β = -0.055; 95% CI, -0.081 to -0.028) and forceps major (β = -0.040; 95% CI, -0.067 to -0.013). Lower parental educational attainment was associated with lower RSI-RND in the bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculus (eg, right hemisphere: β = 0.053; 95% CI, 0.025-0.080) and bilateral corticospinal or pyramidal tract (eg, right hemisphere: β = 0.042; 95% CI, 0.015-0.069). Structural equation models revealed that lower cognitive performance (eg, lower total cognition score and higher neighborhood disadvantage: β = -0.012; 95% CI, -0.016 to -0.009) and greater obesity (eg, higher BMI and higher neighborhood disadvantage: β = -0.004; 95% CI, -0.006 to -0.001) partially accounted for the associations between SES and RSI-RND. Lower household income was associated with higher RSI-RNI in most tracts (eg, right inferior longitudinal fasciculus: β = -0.042 [95% CI, -0.073 to -0.012]; right anterior thalamic radiations: β = -0.045 [95% CI, -0.075 to -0.014]), and greater neighborhood disadvantage had similar associations in primarily frontolimbic tracts (eg, right fornix: β = 0.046 [95% CI, 0.019-0.074]; right anterior thalamic radiations: β = 0.045 [95% CI, 0.018-0.072]). Lower parental educational attainment was associated with higher RSI-RNI in the forceps major (β = -0.048; 95% CI, -0.077 to -0.020). Greater obesity partially accounted for these SES associations with RSI-RNI (eg, higher BMI and higher neighborhood disadvantage: β = 0.015; 95% CI, 0.011-0.020). Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses and were corroborated using diffusion tensor imaging. Conclusions and Relevance In this cross-sectional study, both neighborhood and household contexts were associated with white matter development in children, and findings suggested that obesity and cognitive performance were possible mediators in these associations. Future research on children's brain health may benefit from considering these factors from multiple socioeconomic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Adrian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Now with Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rita L Taylor
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah A Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Scott Marek
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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24
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Li ZA, Samara A, Ray MK, Rutlin J, Raji CA, Shimony JS, Sun P, Song SK, Hershey T, Eisenstein SA. Childhood obesity is linked to putative neuroinflammation in brain white matter, hypothalamus, and striatum. Cereb Cortex Commun 2023; 4:tgad007. [PMID: 37207193 PMCID: PMC10191798 DOI: 10.1093/texcom/tgad007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is both a consequence and driver of overfeeding and weight gain in rodent obesity models. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enable investigations of brain microstructure that suggests neuroinflammation in human obesity. To assess the convergent validity across MRI techniques and extend previous findings, we used diffusion basis spectrum imaging (DBSI) to characterize obesity-associated alterations in brain microstructure in 601 children (age 9-11 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study. Compared with children with normal-weight, greater DBSI restricted fraction (RF), reflecting neuroinflammation-related cellularity, was seen in widespread white matter in children with overweight and obesity. Greater DBSI-RF in hypothalamus, caudate nucleus, putamen, and, in particular, nucleus accumbens, correlated with higher baseline body mass index and related anthropometrics. Comparable findings were seen in the striatum with a previously reported restriction spectrum imaging (RSI) model. Gain in waist circumference over 1 and 2 years related, at nominal significance, to greater baseline RSI-assessed restricted diffusion in nucleus accumbens and caudate nucleus, and DBSI-RF in hypothalamus, respectively. Here we demonstrate that childhood obesity is associated with microstructural alterations in white matter, hypothalamus, and striatum. Our results also support the reproducibility, across MRI methods, of findings of obesity-related putative neuroinflammation in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Adrian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
| | - Amjad Samara
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States
| | - Mary Katherine Ray
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Jerrel Rutlin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Cyrus A Raji
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Joshua S Shimony
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Peng Sun
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Sheng-Kwei Song
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 United States
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
| | - Sarah A Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States
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25
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Wen X, Shu Y, Qu D, Wang Y, Cui Z, Zhang X, Chen R. Associations of bullying perpetration and peer victimization subtypes with preadolescent's suicidality, non-suicidal self-injury, neurocognition, and brain development. BMC Med 2023; 21:141. [PMID: 37046279 PMCID: PMC10091581 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although both peer victimization and bullying perpetration negatively impact preadolescents' development, the underlying neurobiological mechanism of this adverse relationship remains unclear. Besides, the specific psycho-cognitive patterns of different bullying subtypes also need further exploration, warranting large-scale studies on both general bullying and specific bullying subtypes. METHODS We adopted a retrospective methodology by utilizing the data from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive DevelopmentSM Study (ABCD Study®) cohort collected between July 2018 and January 2021. Participants were preadolescents aged from 10 to 13 years. The main purpose of our study is to examine the associations of general and specific peer victimization/bullying perpetration with preadolescents' (1) suicidality and non-suicidal self-injury; (2) executive function and memory, including attention inhibition, processing speed, emotion working memory, and episodic memory; (3) brain structure abnormalities; and (4) brain network disturbances. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic status (SES), and data acquisition site were included as covariates. RESULTS A total of 5819 participants aged from 10 to 13 years were included in this study. Higher risks of suicide ideation, suicide attempt, and non-suicidal self-injury were found to be associated with both bullying perpetration/peer victimization and their subtypes (i.e., overt, relational, and reputational). Meanwhile, poor episodic memory was shown to be associated with general victimization. As for perpetration, across all four tasks, significant positive associations of relational perpetration with executive function and episodic memory consistently manifested, yet opposite patterns were shown in overt perpetration. Notably, distinct psycho-cognitive patterns were shown among different subtypes. Additionally, victimization was associated with structural brain abnormalities in the bilateral paracentral and posterior cingulate cortex. Furthermore, victimization was associated with brain network disturbances between default mode network and dorsal attention network, between default mode network and fronto-parietal network, and ventral attention network related connectivities, including default mode network, dorsal attention network, cingulo-opercular network, cingulo-parietal network, and sensorimotor hand network. Perpetration was also associated with brain network disturbances between the attention network and the sensorimotor hand network. CONCLUSIONS Our findings offered new evidence for the literature landscape by emphasizing the associations of bullying experiences with preadolescents' clinical characteristics and cognitive functions, while distinctive psycho-cognitive patterns were shown among different subtypes. Additionally, there is evidence that these associations are related to neurocognitive brain networks involved in attention control and episodic retrieval. Given our findings, future interventions targeting ameliorating the deleterious effect of bullying experiences on preadolescents should consider their subtypes and utilize an ecosystemic approach involving all responsible parties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinuo Shu
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Diyang Qu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yinzhe Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zaixu Cui
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Tsinghua University Yuquan Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Brooks SJ, Smith C, Stamoulis C. Excess BMI in early adolescence adversely impacts maturating functional circuits supporting high-level cognition and their structural correlates. Int J Obes (Lond) 2023:10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7. [PMID: 37012426 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01303-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Adverse effects of excess BMI (affecting 1 in 5 children in the US) on brain circuits during neurodevelopmentally vulnerable periods are incompletely understood. This study investigated BMI-related alterations in maturating functional networks and their underlying brain structures, and high-level cognition in early adolescence. SUBJECTS/METHODS Cross-sectional resting-state fMRI, structural sMRI, neurocognitive task scores, and BMI from 4922 youth [median (IQR) age = 120.0 (13.0) months, 2572 females (52.25%)] from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort were analyzed. Comprehensive topological and morphometric network properties were estimated from fMRI and sMRI, respectively. Cross-validated linear regression models assessed correlations with BMI. Results were reproduced across multiple fMRI datasets. RESULTS Almost 30% of youth had excess BMI, including 736 (15.0%) with overweight and 672 (13.7%) with obesity, and statistically more Black and Hispanic compared to white, Asian and non-Hispanic youth (p < 0.01). Those with obesity or overweight were less physically active, slept less than recommended, snored more frequently, and spent more time using an electronic device (p < 0.01). They also had lower topological efficiency, resilience, connectivity, connectedness and clustering in Default-Mode, dorsal attention, salience, control, limbic, and reward networks (p ≤ 0.04, Cohen's d: 0.07-0.39). Lower cortico-thalamic efficiency and connectivity were estimated only in youth with obesity (p < 0.01, Cohen's d: 0.09-0.19). Both groups had lower cortical thickness, volume and white matter intensity in these networks' constituent structures, particularly anterior cingulate, entorhinal, prefrontal, and lateral occipital cortices (p < 0.01, Cohen's d: 0.12-0.30), which also mediated inverse relationships between BMI and regional functional topologies. Youth with obesity or overweight had lower scores in a task measuring fluid reasoning - a core aspect of cognitive function, which were partially correlated with topological changes (p ≤ 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Excess BMI in early adolescence may be associated with profound aberrant topological alterations in maturating functional circuits and underdeveloped brain structures that adversely impact core aspects of cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Skylar J Brooks
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- University of California Berkeley, Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Calli Smith
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Stamoulis
- Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jiang F, Li G, Ji W, Zhang Y, Wu F, Hu Y, Zhang W, Manza P, Tomasi D, Volkow ND, Gao X, Wang GJ, Zhang Y. Obesity is associated with decreased gray matter volume in children: a longitudinal study. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3674-3682. [PMID: 35989308 PMCID: PMC10068275 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has become a global health problem. Previous studies showed that childhood obesity is associated with brain structural differences relative to controls. However, few studies have been performed with longitudinal evaluations of brain structural developmental trajectories in childhood obesity. We employed voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis to assess gray matter (GM) volume at baseline and 2-year follow-up in 258 obese children (OB) and 265 normal weight children (NW), recruited as part of the National Institutes of Health Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. Significant group × time effects on GM volume were observed in the prefrontal lobe, thalamus, right precentral gyrus, caudate, and parahippocampal gyrus/amygdala. OB compared with NW had greater reductions in GM volume in these regions over the 2-year period. Body mass index (BMI) was negatively correlated with GM volume in prefrontal lobe and with matrix reasoning ability at baseline and 2-year follow-up. In OB, Picture Test was positively correlated with GM volume in the left orbital region of the inferior frontal gyrus (OFCinf_L) at baseline and was negatively correlated with reductions in OFCinf_L volume (2-year follow-up vs. baseline). These findings indicate that childhood obesity is associated with GM volume reduction in regions involved with reward evaluation, executive function, and cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukun Jiang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Guanya Li
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Weibin Ji
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Feifei Wu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Dardo Tomasi
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Nora D Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Xinbo Gao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Image Cognition, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
- Guangyang Bay Laboratory, Chongqing Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Chongqing 400064, China
| | - Gene-Jack Wang
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD 20892, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Center for Brain Imaging, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University and Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging, Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
- International Joint Research Center for Advanced Medical Imaging and Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Regulation of Trans-Scale Life Information, School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710126, China
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Effects of Socioeconomic Environment on Physical Activity Levels and Sleep Quality in Basque Schoolchildren. CHILDREN 2023; 10:children10030551. [PMID: 36980109 PMCID: PMC10047327 DOI: 10.3390/children10030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The socioeconomic and built environment of an area are interrelated with health data and have a direct influence on children’s development. There are facilitators and barriers for schools to promote physical activity depending on the socioeconomic status of the school. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between physical activity and sleep and the socioeconomic level of children in the Basque Country. The sample consisted of 1139 schoolchildren between the ages of six and seventeen (566 boys and 573 girls) from 75 schools (43 public and 32 private). Differences between groups were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test (two samples), Kruskal–Wallis one-factor ANOVA (k samples), and Spearman’s Rho correlation. There are sex differences in light (200.8 ± 62.5 vs. 215.9 ± 54.7) and moderate (69.0 ± 34.3 vs. 79.9 ± 32.1) physical activity in favour of the female group of higher socioeconomic status compared to male group of higher socioeconomic status. In the case of vigorous physical activity, the female group performed less than the male group across all socioeconomic statuses, which was statistically significant in the groups of high socioeconomic status (11.6 ± 9.3 vs. 6.9 ± 5.7) in group 2 and medium socioeconomic status (11.1 ± 9.3 vs. 7.7 ± 6.1) in group 3. There is an inverse relationship between sedentary behaviour and BMI, total bed time, total sleep time, and night-time awakenings. There is also an inverse relationship between all levels of physical activity performed with respect to BMI and total sleep efficiency. These data point towards notable inequalities in physical activity and daily sleep in Basque schoolchildren, which in turn may be marginalised in our current school system due to the effects of the socioeconomic environment.
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Li ZA, Cai Y, Taylor RL, Eisenstein SA, Barch DM, Marek S, Hershey T. Associations between socioeconomic status and white matter microstructure in children: indirect effects via obesity and cognition. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.09.23285150. [PMID: 36798149 PMCID: PMC9934783 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.09.23285150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Importance Both neighborhood and household socioeconomic disadvantage relate to negative health outcomes and altered brain structure in children. It is unclear whether such findings extend to white matter development, and via what mechanisms socioeconomic status (SES) influences the brain. Objective To test independent associations between neighborhood and household SES indicators and white matter microstructure in children, and examine whether body mass index and cognitive function (a proxy of environmental cognitive/sensory stimulation) may plausibly mediate these associations. Design This cross-sectional study used baseline data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, an ongoing 10-year cohort study tracking child health. Setting School-based recruitment at 21 U.S. sites. Participants Children aged 9 to 11 years and their parents/caregivers completed baseline assessments between October 1 st , 2016 and October 31 st , 2018. Data analysis was conducted from July to December 2022. Exposures Neighborhood disadvantage was derived from area deprivation indices at primary residence. Household SES indicators were total income and the highest parental education attainment. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-one major white matter tracts were segmented from diffusion-weighted images. The Restriction Spectrum Imaging (RSI) model was implemented to measure restricted normalized directional (RND; reflecting oriented myelin organization) and isotropic (RNI; reflecting glial/neuronal cell bodies) diffusion in each tract. Obesity-related measures were body mass index (BMI), BMI z -scores, and waist circumference, and cognitive performance was assessed using the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery. Linear mixed-effects models tested the associations between SES indicators and scanner-harmonized RSI metrics. Structural equation models examined indirect effects of obesity and cognitive performance in the significant associations between SES and white mater microstructure summary principal components. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, pubertal development stage, intracranial volume, and head motion. Results The analytical sample included 8842 children (4299 [48.6%] girls; mean age [SD], 9.9 [0.7] years). Greater neighborhood disadvantage and lower parental education were independently associated with lower RSI-RND in forceps major and corticospinal/pyramidal tracts, and had overlapping associations in the superior longitudinal fasciculus. Lower cognition scores and greater obesity-related measures partially accounted for these SES associations with RSI-RND. Lower household income was related to higher RSI-RNI in almost every tract, and greater neighborhood disadvantage had similar effects in primarily frontolimbic tracts. Lower parental education was uniquely linked to higher RSI-RNI in forceps major. Greater obesity-related measures partially accounted for these SES associations with RSI-RNI. Findings were robust in sensitivity analyses and mostly corroborated using traditional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Conclusions and Relevance These cross-sectional results demonstrate that both neighborhood and household contexts are relevant to white matter development in children, and suggest cognitive performance and obesity as possible pathways of influence. Interventions targeting obesity reduction and improving cognition from multiple socioeconomic angles may ameliorate brain health in low-SES children. Key Points Question: Are neighborhood and household socioeconomic levels associated with children’s brain white matter microstructure, and if so, do obesity and cognitive performance (reflecting environmental stimulation) mediate the associations?Findings: In a cohort of 8842 children, higher neighborhood disadvantage, lower household income, and lower parental education had independent and overlapping associations with lower restricted directional diffusion and greater restricted isotropic diffusion in white matter. Greater body mass index and poorer cognitive performance partially mediated these associations.Meaning: Both neighborhood and household poverty may contribute to altered white matter development in children. These effects may be partially explained by obesity incidence and poorer cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Adrian Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Yuqi Cai
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Rita L. Taylor
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Sarah A. Eisenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Scott Marek
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Co-corresponding authors: Scott Marek, PhD, Assistant Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, MSC 8134-0070-02, Phone: (314)-454-6120, ; Tamara Hershey, PhD, James S. McDonnell Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, MSC 8134-0070-02, Phone: (314)-362-5593,
| | - Tamara Hershey
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA,Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA,Co-corresponding authors: Scott Marek, PhD, Assistant Professor, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, MSC 8134-0070-02, Phone: (314)-454-6120, ; Tamara Hershey, PhD, James S. McDonnell Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, MSC 8134-0070-02, Phone: (314)-362-5593,
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Adise S, Marshall AT, Kan E, Sowell ER. Access to quality health resources and environmental toxins affect the relationship between brain structure and BMI in a sample of pre and early adolescents. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1061049. [PMID: 36589997 PMCID: PMC9797683 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1061049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental resources are related to childhood obesity risk and altered brain development, but whether these relationships are stable or if they have sustained impact is unknown. Here, we utilized a multidimensional index of childhood neighborhood conditions to compare the influence of various social and environmental disparities (SED) on body mass index (BMI)-brain relationships over a 2-year period in early adolescence. Methods Data were gathered the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study® (n = 2,970, 49.8% female, 69.1% White, no siblings). Structure magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), anthropometrics, and demographic information were collected at baseline (9/10-years-old) and the 2-year-follow-up (11/12-years-old). Region of interest (ROIs; 68 cortical, 18 subcortical) estimates of cortical thickness and subcortical volume were extracted from sMRI T1w images using the Desikan atlas. Residential addresses at baseline were used to obtain geocoded estimates of SEDs from 3 domains of childhood opportunity index (COI): healthy environment (COIHE), social/economic (COISE), and education (COIED). Nested, random-effects mixed models were conducted to evaluate relationships of BMI with (1) ROI * COI[domain] and (2) ROI * COI[domain] * Time. Models controlled for sex, race, ethnicity, puberty, and the other two COI domains of non-interest, allowing us to estimate the unique variance explained by each domain and its interaction with ROI and time. Results Youth living in areas with lower COISE and COIED scores were heavier at the 2-year follow-up than baseline and exhibited greater thinning in the bilateral occipital cortex between visits. Lower COISE scores corresponded with larger volume of the bilateral caudate and greater BMI at the 2-year follow-up. COIHE scores showed the greatest associations (n = 20 ROIs) with brain-BMI relationships: youth living in areas with lower COIHE had thinner cortices in prefrontal regions and larger volumes of the left pallidum and Ventral DC. Time did not moderate the COIHE x ROI interaction for any brain region during the examined 2-year period. Findings were independent of family income (i.e., income-to-needs). Conclusion Collectively our findings demonstrate that neighborhood SEDs for health-promoting resources play a particularly important role in moderating relationships between brain and BMI in early adolescence regardless of family-level financial resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Adise
- Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andrew T. Marshall
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Kan
- Division of Pediatric Research Administration, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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31
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Fernandes AC, Viegas ÂA, Lacerda ACR, Nobre JNP, Morais RLDS, Figueiredo PHS, Costa HS, Camargos ACR, Ferreira FDO, de Freitas PM, Santos T, da Silva Júnior FA, Bernardo-Filho M, Taiar R, Sartorio A, Mendonça VA. Association between executive functions and gross motor skills in overweight/obese and eutrophic preschoolers: cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:498. [PMID: 35999515 PMCID: PMC9400322 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03553-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Preschool age (3–5 years old) is a crucial period for children to acquire gross motor skills and develop executive functions (EFs). However, the association between the qualitative gross motor skills and EFs remains unknown in preschoolers, especially among overweight and obese children. Methods This was a cross-sectional, exploratory, and quantitative study carried out on 49 preschool children, divided into two subgroups according to their body mass index (overweight/obese: 24; eutrophic [normal weight]: 25). The mean age was 4.59 years. More than half of the sample were boys (55%) and most of the mothers had completed high school (67%) and were class C socioeconomic level (63%). Gross motor skills were assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development-2, while EFs were evaluated using Semantic verbal fluency (SVF), Tower of Hanoi (TH), Day/Night Stroop, and Delayed Gratification tests. Multiple linear regression models adjusted for sex, age, maternal education, socioeconomic status, quality of the home environment, and quality of the school environment using the stepwise method were executed, considering the cognitive tasks as independent variables and gross motor skills as dependent variable. Results The overweight/obese preschoolers showed worse locomotor skills than their eutrophic peers and below average gross motor quotient (GMQ). Overweight/obese girls performed worse in OC skills than boys with excess weight. SVF (number of errors) and TH (rule breaks) explained 57.8% of the variance in object control (OC) skills and 40.5% of the variance in GMQ (p < .05) in the overweight/obese children. Surprisingly, there was no significant association between any of the EF tasks and gross motor skills in the eutrophic children. Conclusion A relationship between EF tasks (number of errors in SVF and rule breaks in TH) and gross motor skills (OC and GMQ) was demonstrated in the overweight/obese preschoolers, indicating that worse cognitive flexibility, working memory, planning, and problem solving are associated with worse gross motor skills in this population when compared to eutrophic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Cristina Fernandes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK - Rodovia MGT - 367 - Km 583, N°. 5000 - Alto da Jacuba / ZIP, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil
| | - Ângela Alves Viegas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Rodrigues Lacerda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK - Rodovia MGT - 367 - Km 583, N°. 5000 - Alto da Jacuba / ZIP, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Juliana Nogueira Pontes Nobre
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.,Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Rosane Luzia De Souza Morais
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Saúde, Sociedade e Ambiente (PPGSaSA), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Scheidt Figueiredo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK - Rodovia MGT - 367 - Km 583, N°. 5000 - Alto da Jacuba / ZIP, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil.,Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Henrique Silveira Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK - Rodovia MGT - 367 - Km 583, N°. 5000 - Alto da Jacuba / ZIP, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil.,Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Resende Camargos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Reabilitação, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Martins de Freitas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia da Saúde (PPGPSI), Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Fidelis Antônio da Silva Júnior
- Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Mário Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Vibrações Mecânicas e Práticas Integrativas - LAVIMPI, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes and Policlínica Piquet Carneiro, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Redha Taiar
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, MATIM, 51100, Reims, France
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Division of Auxology and Metabolic Diseases & Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-endocrinological Research, Piancavallo-Verbania, Italy
| | - Vanessa Amaral Mendonça
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Reabilitação e Desempenho Funcional (PPGReab), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Campus JK - Rodovia MGT - 367 - Km 583, N°. 5000 - Alto da Jacuba / ZIP, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brazil. .,Programa de Pós-Graduação Multicêntrico em Ciências Fisiológicas (PPGMCF), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. .,Centro Integrado de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Saúde (CIPq saúde), Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Rakesh D, Zalesky A, Whittle S. Assessment of Parent Income and Education, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Child Brain Structure. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2226208. [PMID: 35980639 PMCID: PMC9389347 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.26208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although different aspects of socioeconomic status (SES) may represent distinct risk factors for poor mental health in children, knowledge of their differential and synergistic associations with the brain is limited. OBJECTIVE To examine the independent associations between distinct SES factors and child brain structure. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We used baseline data from participants aged 9 to 10 years in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. These data were collected from 21 US sites between September 2017 and August 2018. Study participants were recruited from schools to create a participant sample that closely reflects the US population. EXPOSURES Neighborhood disadvantage was measured using the area deprivation index. We also used data on total parent or caregiver educational attainment (in years) and household income-to-needs ratio. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was used to assess measures of cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume. RESULTS Data from 8862 ABCD participants aged 9 to 10 years were analyzed. The mean (SD) age was 119.1 (7.5) months; there were 4243 girls (47.9%) and 4619 boys (52.1%). Data on race or ethnicity were available for 8857 of 8862 participants: 173 (2.0%) were Asian, 1099 (12.4%) were Black or African American, 1688 (19.1%) were Hispanic, 4967 (56.1%) were White, and 930 (10.5%) reported multiple races or ethnicities. Using 10-fold, within-sample split-half replication, we found that neighborhood disadvantage was associated with lower cortical thickness in the following brain regions (η2 = 0.004-0.009): cuneus (B [SE] = -0.099 [0.013]; P < .001), lateral occipital (B [SE] = -0.088 [0.011]; P < .001), lateral orbitofrontal (B [SE] = -0.072 [0.012]; P < .001), lingual (B [SE] = -0.104 [0.012]; P < .001), paracentral (B [SE] = -0.086 [0.012]; P < .001), pericalcarine (B [SE] = -0.077 [0.012]; P < .001), postcentral (B [SE] = -0.069 [0.012]; P < .001), precentral (B [SE] = -0.059 [0.011]; P < .001), rostral middle frontal (B [SE] = -0.076 [0.011]; P < .001), and superior parietal (B [SE] = -0.060 [0.011]; P < .001). Exploratory analyses showed that the associations of low educational attainment or neighborhood disadvantage and low cortical thickness were attenuated in the presence of a high income-to-needs ratio (η2 = 0.003-0.007). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that different SES indicators have distinct associations with children's brain structure. A high income-to-needs ratio may play a protective role in the context of neighborhood disadvantage and low parent or caregiver educational attainment. This study highlights the importance of considering the joint associations of different SES indicators in future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyangana Rakesh
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah Whittle
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Giddens NT, Juneau P, Manza P, Wiers CE, Volkow ND. Disparities in sleep duration among American children: effects of race and ethnicity, income, age, and sex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2120009119. [PMID: 35858412 PMCID: PMC9335336 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120009119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Children in the United States sleep less than the recommended amount and sleep deficiencies may be worse among disadvantaged children. Prior studies that compared sleep time in children of different race/ethnic groups mostly relied on questionnaires or were limited to small sample sizes. Our study takes advantage of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study to compare total sleep time using a week of actigraphy data among American children (n = 4,207, 9 to 13 y old) of different racial/ethnic and income groups. We also assessed the effects of neighborhood deprivation, experience of discrimination, parent's age at child's birth, body mass index (BMI), and time the child fell asleep on sleep times. Daily total sleep time for the sample was 7.45 h and race/ethnicity, income, sex, age, BMI, were all significant predictors of total sleep time. Black children slept less than White children (∼34 min; Cohen's d = 0.95), children from lower income families slept less than those from higher incomes (∼16 min; Cohen's d = 0.44), boys slept less than girls (∼7 min; Cohen's d = 0.18), and older children slept less than younger ones (∼32 min; Cohen's d = 0.91); mostly due to later sleep times. Children with higher BMI also had shorter sleep times. Neither area deprivation index, experience of discrimination, or parent's age at child's birth significantly contributed to sleep time. Our findings indicate that children in the United States sleep significantly less than the recommended amount for healthy development and identifies significant racial and income disparities. Interventions to improve sleep hygiene in children will help improve health and ameliorate racial disparities in health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha T. Giddens
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Paul Juneau
- Division of Data Services, NIH Library, Office of Research Services, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Peter Manza
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Corinde E. Wiers
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Studies of Addiction, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Nora D. Volkow
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Physical Activity and Food Environments in and around Schools: A Case Study in Regional North-West Tasmania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106238. [PMID: 35627775 PMCID: PMC9140536 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of the physical activity (PA) infrastructure in schools, the walkability of neighborhoods close to schools, and the food environments around schools, particularly in rural, socioeconomically challenged areas such as the North-West (NW) of Tasmania, could be important in the wider effort to improve the health of school-age children. Accordingly, this research aimed to assess PA resources, walkability, and food environments in and around schools in three socioeconomically disadvantaged, regional/rural Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Tasmania, Australia. A census of schools (including assessment of the PA infrastructure quality within school grounds), a walkability assessment, and a census of food outlets surrounding schools (through geospatial mapping) were executed. Most of the schools in the study region had access to an oval, basketball/volleyball/netball court, and free-standing exercise equipment. In all instances (i.e., regardless of school type), the quality of the available infrastructure was substantially higher than the number of incivilities observed. Most schools also had good (i.e., within the first four deciles) walkability. Numerous food outlets were within the walking zones of all schools in the study region, with an abundance of food outlets that predominantly sold processed unhealthy food.
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