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Liu B, Michail E, He G, Sfeir MY, Forrest SR. Ultrafast Dynamics of Bloch Surface Wave Polaritons in Large-Area 2D Semiconductor Monolayers at Room Temperature. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404286. [PMID: 38924714 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The dynamics of strongly coupled polariton systems integrated with 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) is key to enabling efficient coherent processes and achieving high-performance TMD-based polaritonic devices, such as ultralow-threshold polariton lasers and ultrafast optical switches. However, there has been a lack of a comprehensive understanding of the excited state dynamics in TMD-based polariton systems. In this work, ultrafast pump-probe optical spectroscopy is used to investigate the room temperature dynamics of the polariton systems consisting of TMD monolayer excitons strongly coupled with Bloch surface waves (BSWs) supported by all-dielectric photonic structures. The transient response is found for both above-exciton energy pumping and polariton-resonant pumping. The excited state population and ultrafast coherent coupling of the exciton reservoir and lower polariton (LP) branch are observed for resonant pumping. Moreover, it is found that the transient response of the LP first decays on a short-time scale of 0.15-0.25 ps compared to the calculated intrinsic lifetime of 0.11-0.20 ps, and is followed by a longer decay (>100 ps) due to the dynamical evolution of the exciton reservoir. The results provide a fundamental understanding of the dynamics of TMD-based polariton systems while showing the potential for achieving efficient coherent optical processes for device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Evripidis Michail
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Guiying He
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Matthew Y Sfeir
- Department of Physics, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10016, USA
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Stephen R Forrest
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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2
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Khestanova E, Shahnazaryan V, Kozin VK, Kondratyev VI, Krizhanovskii DN, Skolnick MS, Shelykh IA, Iorsh IV, Kravtsov V. Electrostatic Control of Nonlinear Photonic-Crystal Polaritons in a Monolayer Semiconductor. NANO LETTERS 2024. [PMID: 38855978 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c01475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Integration of 2D semiconductors with photonic crystal slabs provides an attractive approach to achieving strong light-matter coupling and exciton-polariton formation in a chip-compatible geometry. However, for the development of practical devices, it is crucial that polariton excitations are easily tunable and exhibit a strong nonlinear response. Here we study neutral and charged exciton-polaritons in an electrostatically gated photonic crystal slab with an embedded monolayer semiconductor MoSe2 and experimentally demonstrate a novel approach to optical control based on polariton nonlinearity. We show that spatial modulation of the dielectric environment within the photonic crystal unit cell results in the formation of two distinct excitonic species with significantly different nonlinear responses of the corresponding charged exciton-polaritons under optical pumping. This behavior enables optical switching with ultrashort laser pulses and can be sensitively controlled via an electrostatic gate voltage. Our results open new avenues toward the development of active polaritonic devices in a compact chip-compatible implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Khestanova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Vanik Shahnazaryan
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Valerii K Kozin
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Valeriy I Kondratyev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Ivan A Shelykh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107 Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Ivan V Iorsh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia
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3
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Galimov AI, Kazanov DR, Poshakinskiy AV, Rakhlin MV, Eliseyev IA, Toropov AA, Remškar M, Shubina TV. Direct observation of split-mode exciton-polaritons in a single MoS 2 nanotube. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:968-975. [PMID: 38647350 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00052h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
A single nanotube synthesized from a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) exhibits strong exciton resonances and, in addition, can support optical whispering gallery modes. This combination is promising for observing exciton-polaritons without an external cavity. However, traditional energy-momentum-resolved detection methods are unsuitable for this tiny object. Instead, we propose to use split optical modes in a twisted nanotube with the flattened cross-section, where a gradually decreasing gap between the opposite walls leads to a change in mode energy, similar to the effect of the barrier width on the eigenenergies in the double-well potential. Using micro-reflectance spectroscopy, we investigated the rich pattern of polariton branches in single MoS2 tubes with both variable and constant gaps. Observed Rabi splitting in the 40-60 meV range is comparable to that for a MoS2 monolayer in a microcavity. Our results, based on the polariton dispersion measurements and polariton dynamics analysis, present a single TMDC nanotube as a perfect polaritonic structure for nanophotonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Galimov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
| | - D R Kazanov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
| | - A V Poshakinskiy
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
| | - M V Rakhlin
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
| | - I A Eliseyev
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
| | - A A Toropov
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
| | - M Remškar
- Jozef Stefan Institute, 39 Jamova cesta, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia
| | - T V Shubina
- Ioffe Institute, 26 Politekhnicheskaya, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia.
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4
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Hajian H, Zhang X, McCormack O, Zhang Y, Dobie J, Rukhlenko ID, Ozbay E, Louise Bradley A. Quasi-bound states in the continuum for electromagnetic induced transparency and strong excitonic coupling. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:19163-19174. [PMID: 38859057 DOI: 10.1364/oe.525535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Advancing on previous reports, we utilize quasi-bound states in the continuum (q-BICs) supported by a metasurface of TiO2 meta-atoms with broken inversion symmetry on an SiO2 substrate, for two possible applications. Firstly, we demonstrate that by tuning the metasurface's asymmetric parameter, a spectral overlap between a broad q-BIC and a narrow magnetic dipole resonance is achieved, yielding an electromagnetic induced transparency analogue with a 50 μs group delay. Secondly, we have found that, due to the strong coupling between the q-BIC and WS2 exciton at room temperature and normal incidence, by integrating a single layer of WS2 to the metasurface, a 37.9 meV Rabi splitting in the absorptance spectrum with 50% absorption efficiency is obtained. These findings promise feasible two-port devices for visible range slow-light characteristics or nanoscale excitonic coupling.
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular Polaritons for Chemistry, Photonics and Quantum Technologies. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2512-2552. [PMID: 38416701 PMCID: PMC10941193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Molecular polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from the hybridization between molecular and photonic modes. These composite entities, bearing characteristics inherited from both constituents, exhibit modified energy levels and wave functions, thereby capturing the attention of chemists in the past decade. The potential to modify chemical reactions has spurred many investigations, alongside efforts to enhance and manipulate optical responses for photonic and quantum applications. This Review centers on the experimental advances in this burgeoning field. Commencing with an introduction of the fundamentals, including theoretical foundations and various cavity architectures, we discuss outcomes of polariton-modified chemical reactions. Furthermore, we navigate through the ongoing debates and uncertainties surrounding the underpinning mechanism of this innovative method of controlling chemistry. Emphasis is placed on gaining a comprehensive understanding of the energy dynamics of molecular polaritons, in particular, vibrational molecular polaritons─a pivotal facet in steering chemical reactions. Additionally, we discuss the unique capability of coherent two-dimensional spectroscopy to dissect polariton and dark mode dynamics, offering insights into the critical components within the cavity that alter chemical reactions. We further expand to the potential utility of molecular polaritons in quantum applications as well as precise manipulation of molecular and photonic polarizations, notably in the context of chiral phenomena. This discussion aspires to ignite deeper curiosity and engagement in revealing the physics underpinning polariton-modified molecular properties, and a broad fascination with harnessing photonic environments to control chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Science and Research Center for Industries
of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310030, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Materials
Science and Engineering Program, University
of California, San Diego, California 92126, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San
Diego, California 92126, United States
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6
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Huang W, De-Eknamkul C, Ren Y, Cubukcu E. Directing valley-polarized emission of 3 L WS 2 by photonic crystal with directional circular dichroism. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:6076-6084. [PMID: 38439318 PMCID: PMC11018336 DOI: 10.1364/oe.510027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The valley degree of freedom that results from broken inversion symmetry in two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has sparked a lot of interest due to its huge potential in information processing. In this experimental work, to optically address the valley-polarized emission from three-layer (3 L) thick WS2 at room temperature, we employ a SiN photonic crystal slab that has two sets of holes in a square lattice that supports directional circular dichroism engendered by delocalized guided mode resonances. By perturbatively breaking the inversion symmetry of the photonic crystal slab, we can simultaneously manipulate s and p components of the radiating field so that these resonances correspond to circularly polarized emission. The emission of excitons from distinct valleys is coupled into different radiative channels and hence separated in the farfield. This directional exciton emission from selective valleys provides a potential route for valley-polarized light emitters, which lays the groundwork for future valleytronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhuo Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA
| | - Chawina De-Eknamkul
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA
| | - Yundong Ren
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA
| | - Ertugrul Cubukcu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0407, USA
- Department of NanoEngineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0448, USA
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Tian S, Wang Q, Liang S, Han Q, Zhang D, Huang Z, Ning J, Mei S, Xie W, Zhao H, Wu X, Wang J. High Q-Factor Single-Mode Lasing in Inorganic Perovskite Microcavities with Microfocusing Field Confinement. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1406-1414. [PMID: 38227806 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The realization of high-Q single-mode lasing on the microscale is significant for the advancement of on-chip integrated light sources. It remains a challenging trade-off between Q-factor enhancement and light-field localization to raise the lasing emission rate. Here, we fabricated a zero-dimensional perovskite microcavity integrated with a nondamage pressed microlens to three-dimensionally tailor the intracavity light field and demonstrated linearly and nonlinearly (two-photon) pumped lasing by this microfocusing configuration. Notably, the microlensing microcavity experimentally achieves a high Q-factor (16700), high polarization (99.6%), and high Purcell factor (11.40) single-mode lasing under high-repetition pulse pumping. Three-dimensional light-field confinement formed by the microlens and plate microcavity simultaneously reduces the mode volume (∼3.66 μm3) and suppresses diffraction and transverse walk-off loss, which induces discretization on energy-momentum dispersions and spatial electromagnetic-field distributions. The Q factor and Purcell factor of our lasing come out on top among most of the reported perovskite microcavities, paving a promising avenue toward further studying electrically driven on-chip microlasers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangshuang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Han
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Debao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongmin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiqiang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Shiliang Mei
- Institute for Electric Light Sources, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, 200241 Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Photonic Structures, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Ultra Precision Optical Manufacturing, Department of Optical Science and Engineering, School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
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8
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Mao D, Chen L, Sun Z, Zhang M, Shi ZY, Hu Y, Zhang L, Wu J, Dong H, Xie W, Xu H. Observation of transition from superfluorescence to polariton condensation in CsPbBr 3 quantum dots film. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:34. [PMID: 38291038 PMCID: PMC10828401 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01378-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The superfluorescence effect has received extensive attention due to the many-body physics of quantum correlation in dipole gas and the optical applications of ultrafast bright radiation field based on the cooperative quantum state. Here, we demonstrate not only to observe the superfluorescence effect but also to control the cooperative state of the excitons ensemble by externally applying a regulatory dimension of coupling light fields. A new quasi-particle called cooperative exciton-polariton is revealed in a light-matter hybrid structure of a perovskite quantum dot thin film spin-coated on a Distributed Bragg Reflector. Above the nonlinear threshold, polaritonic condensation occurs at a nonzero momentum state on the lower polariton branch owning to the vital role of the synchronized excitons. The phase transition from superfluorescence to polariton condensation exhibits typical signatures of a decrease of the linewidth, an increase of the macroscopic coherence as well as an accelerated radiation decay rate. These findings are promising for opening new potential applications for super-brightness and unconventional coherent light sources and could enable the exploitation of cooperative effects for quantum optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Linqi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Zhe-Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing, 401121, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Hongxing Dong
- Key Laboratory of Materials for High-Power Laser, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201800, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Hongxing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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9
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Zhou H, Zhang C, Gao A, Shi E, Guo Y. Patterned growth of two-dimensional atomic layer semiconductors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:943-955. [PMID: 38168791 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04866g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), which are representative of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, have attracted tremendous attention over the last two decades. TMDCs are regarded as potential candidates in modern nano- and optoelectronic applications due to their unique crystal structures and outstanding electronic and optoelectronic properties. For practical use, 2D semiconductors need to be fabricated with diverse morphologies for integration into electronic devices and to perform different functionalities. Controlled patterning synthesis with programmable geometries is therefore highly desired. We review state-of-the-art strategies for the patterned growth of atomic layer TMDCs and their heterostructures, including additive manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing for patterning single TMDC materials and the introduction of other low-dimensional nanomaterials as growth templates or hetero-atoms for element conversion in patterning TMDC heterostructures. The optoelectronic and electronic applications of the as-grown monolayer TMDC patterns are introduced. Future challenges and the prospects for the patterned growth of 2D semiconductors are discussed based on present achievements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices(MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Chiyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Anran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices(MOE), Department of Electronics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Enzheng Shi
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Yunfan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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10
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Kang H, Ma J, Li J, Zhang X, Liu X. Exciton Polaritons in Emergent Two-Dimensional Semiconductors. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24449-24467. [PMID: 38051774 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The "marriage" of light (i.e., photon) and matter (i.e., exciton) in semiconductors leads to the formation of hybrid quasiparticles called exciton polaritons with fascinating quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) and photon blockade. The research of exciton polaritons has been evolving into an era with emergent two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and photonic structures for their tremendous potential to break the current limitations of quantum fundamental study and photonic applications. In this Perspective, the basic concepts of 2D excitons, optical resonators, and the strong coupling regime are introduced. The research progress of exciton polaritons is reviewed, and important discoveries (especially the recent ones of 2D exciton polaritons) are highlighted. Subsequently, the emergent 2D exciton polaritons are discussed in detail, ranging from the realization of the strong coupling regime in various photonic systems to the discoveries of attractive phenomena with interesting physics and extensive applications. Moreover, emerging 2D semiconductors, such as 2D perovskites (2DPK) and 2D antiferromagnetic (AFM) semiconductors, are surveyed for the manipulation of exciton polaritons with distinct control degrees of freedom (DOFs). Finally, the outlook on the 2D exciton polaritons and their nonlinear interactions is presented with our initial numerical simulations. This Perspective not only aims to provide an in-depth overview of the latest fundamental findings in 2D exciton polaritons but also attempts to serve as a valuable resource to prospect explorations of quantum optics and topological photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Kang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jingwen Ma
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Junyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoze Liu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro/Nano Structure of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, P. R. China
- Wuhan University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
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11
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Lee H, Kim YB, Ryu JW, Kim S, Bae J, Koo Y, Jang D, Park KD. Recent progress of exciton transport in two-dimensional semiconductors. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:57. [PMID: 38102309 PMCID: PMC10724105 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Spatial manipulation of excitonic quasiparticles, such as neutral excitons, charged excitons, and interlayer excitons, in two-dimensional semiconductors offers unique capabilities for a broad range of optoelectronic applications, encompassing photovoltaics, exciton-integrated circuits, and quantum light-emitting systems. Nonetheless, their practical implementation is significantly restricted by the absence of electrical controllability for neutral excitons, short lifetime of charged excitons, and low exciton funneling efficiency at room temperature, which remain a challenge in exciton transport. In this comprehensive review, we present the latest advancements in controlling exciton currents by harnessing the advanced techniques and the unique properties of various excitonic quasiparticles. We primarily focus on four distinct control parameters inducing the exciton current: electric fields, strain gradients, surface plasmon polaritons, and photonic cavities. For each approach, the underlying principles are introduced in conjunction with its progression through recent studies, gradually expanding their accessibility, efficiency, and functionality. Finally, we outline the prevailing challenges to fully harness the potential of excitonic quasiparticles and implement practical exciton-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongwoo Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Bin Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Ryu
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyuk Bae
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonjeong Koo
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghoon Jang
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Duck Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Ruta FL, Zhang S, Shao Y, Moore SL, Acharya S, Sun Z, Qiu S, Geurs J, Kim BSY, Fu M, Chica DG, Pashov D, Xu X, Xiao D, Delor M, Zhu XY, Millis AJ, Roy X, Hone JC, Dean CR, Katsnelson MI, van Schilfgaarde M, Basov DN. Hyperbolic exciton polaritons in a van der Waals magnet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8261. [PMID: 38086835 PMCID: PMC10716151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44100-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Exciton polaritons are quasiparticles of photons coupled strongly to bound electron-hole pairs, manifesting as an anti-crossing light dispersion near an exciton resonance. Highly anisotropic semiconductors with opposite-signed permittivities along different crystal axes are predicted to host exotic modes inside the anti-crossing called hyperbolic exciton polaritons (HEPs), which confine light subdiffractionally with enhanced density of states. Here, we show observational evidence of steady-state HEPs in the van der Waals magnet chromium sulfide bromide (CrSBr) using a cryogenic near-infrared near-field microscope. At low temperatures, in the magnetically-ordered state, anisotropic exciton resonances sharpen, driving the permittivity negative along one crystal axis and enabling HEP propagation. We characterize HEP momentum and losses in CrSBr, also demonstrating coupling to excitonic sidebands and enhancement by magnetic order: which boosts exciton spectral weight via wavefunction delocalization. Our findings open new pathways to nanoscale manipulation of excitons and light, including routes to magnetic, nonlocal, and quantum polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco L Ruta
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Yinming Shao
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel L Moore
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Johannes Geurs
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Columbia Nano Initiative, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S Y Kim
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Fu
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel G Chica
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dimitar Pashov
- Theory and Simulation of Condensed Matter, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Milan Delor
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - X-Y Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J Millis
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xavier Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - James C Hone
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Cory R Dean
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mikhail I Katsnelson
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - D N Basov
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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13
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Fang J, Yao K, Wang M, Yu Z, Zhang T, Jiang T, Huang S, Korgel BA, Terrones M, Alù A, Zheng Y. Observation of Room-Temperature Exciton-Polariton Emission from Wide-Ranging 2D Semiconductors Coupled with a Broadband Mie Resonator. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9803-9810. [PMID: 37879099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional exciton-polaritons in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit practical advantages in valley coherence, optical nonlinearities, and even bosonic condensation owing to their light-emission capability. To achieve robust exciton-polariton emission, strong photon-exciton couplings are required at the TMD monolayer, which is challenging due to its atomic thickness. High-quality (Q) factor optical cavities with narrowband resonances are an effective approach but typically limited to a specific excitonic state of a certain TMD material. Herein, we achieve on-demand exciton-polariton emission from a wide range of TMDs at room temperature by hybridizing excitons with broadband Mie resonances spanning the whole visible spectrum. By confining broadband light at the TMD monolayer, our one type of Mie resonator on different TMDs enables enhanced light-matter interactions with multiple excitonic states simultaneously. We demonstrate multi-Rabi splittings and robust polaritonic photoluminescence in monolayer WSe2, WS2, and MoS2. The hybrid system also shows the potential to approach the ultrastrong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mingsong Wang
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
| | - Zhuohang Yu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Taizhi Jiang
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Suichu Huang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Brian A Korgel
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mauricio Terrones
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Physics, Department of Chemistry, and Center for 2-Dimensional and Layered Materials, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Andrea Alù
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10031, United States
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, United States
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Sangeetha A, Reivanth K, Thrupthika T, Ramya S, Nataraj D. Strong coupling of hybrid states of light and matter in cavity-coupled quantum dot solids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16662. [PMID: 37794042 PMCID: PMC10551025 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of plasmon-exciton (plexciton) polariton is a direct consequence of strong light-matter interaction, and it happens in a semiconductor-metal hybrid system. Here the formation of plasmon-exciton polaritons was observed from an AgTe/CdTe Quantum Dot (QD) solid system in the strong coupling regime. The strong coupling was achieved by increasing the oscillator strength of the excitons by forming coupled QD solids. The anti-crossing-like behaviour indicates the strong coupling between plasmonic and excitons state in AgTe/CdTe QD solids, resulting in a maximum Rabi splitting value of 225 meV at room temperature. The formation of this hybrid state of matter and its dynamics were studied through absorption, photoluminescence, and femtosecond transient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Sangeetha
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kanagaraj Reivanth
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thankappan Thrupthika
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Subramaniam Ramya
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Nataraj
- Quantum Materials & Energy Devices Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
- UGC-CPEPA Centre for Advanced Studies in Physics for the Development of Solar Energy Materials and Devices, Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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15
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Wang Z, Lin CC, Murata K, Kamal ASA, Lin BW, Chen MH, Tang S, Ho YL, Chen CC, Chen CW, Daiguji H, Ishii K, Delaunay JJ. Chiroptical Response Inversion and Enhancement of Room-Temperature Exciton-Polaritons Using 2D Chirality in Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303203. [PMID: 37587849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Although chiral semiconductors have shown promising progress in direct circularly polarized light (CPL) detection and emission, they still face potential challenges. A chirality-switching mechanism or approach integrating two enantiomers is needed to discriminate the handedness of a given CPL; additionally, a large material volume is required for sufficient chiroptical interaction. These two requirements pose significant obstacles to the simplification and miniaturization of the devices. Here, room-temperature chiral polaritons fulfilling dual-handedness functions and exhibiting a more-than-two-order enhancement of the chiroptical signal are demonstrated, by embedding a 40 nm-thick perovskite film with a 2D chiroptical effect into a Fabry-Pérot cavity. By mixing chiral perovskites with different crystal structures, a pronounced 2D chiroptical effect is accomplished in the perovskite film, featured by an inverted chiroptical response for counter-propagating CPL. This inversion behavior matches the photonic handedness switch during CPL circulation in the Fabry-Pérot cavity, thus harvesting giant enhancement of the chiroptical response. Furthermore, affected by the unique quarter-wave-plate effects, the polariton emission achieves a chiral dissymmetry of ±4% (for the emission from the front and the back sides). The room-temperature polaritons with the strong dissymmetric chiroptical interaction shall have implications on a fundamental level and future on-chip applications for biomolecule analysis and quantum computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Cheng-Chieh Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kei Murata
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | | | - Bo-Wei Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mu-Hsin Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Siyi Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ya-Lun Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Chia-Chun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Rd., Taipei, 11677, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Ishii
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Jean-Jacques Delaunay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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16
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Kondratyev VI, Permyakov DV, Ivanova TV, Iorsh IV, Krizhanovskii DN, Skolnick MS, Kravtsov V, Samusev AK. Probing and Control of Guided Exciton-Polaritons in a 2D Semiconductor-Integrated Slab Waveguide. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7876-7882. [PMID: 37638634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Guided 2D exciton-polaritons, resulting from the strong coupling of excitons in semiconductors with nonradiating waveguide modes, provide an attractive approach toward developing novel on-chip optical devices. These quasiparticles are characterized by long propagation distances and efficient nonlinear interactions but cannot be directly accessed from the free space. Here we demonstrate a powerful approach for probing and manipulating guided polaritons in a Ta2O5 slab integrated with a WS2 monolayer using evanescent coupling through a high-index solid immersion lens. Tuning the nanoscale lens-sample gap allows for extracting all of the intrinsic parameters of the system. We also demonstrate the transition from weak to strong coupling accompanied by the onset of the motional narrowing effect: with the increase of exciton-photon coupling strength, the inhomogeneous contribution to polariton line width, inherited from the exciton resonance, becomes fully lifted. Our results enable the development of integrated optics employing room-temperature exciton-polaritons in 2D semiconductor-based structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy I Kondratyev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Permyakov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Ivanova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan V Iorsh
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | | | - Maurice S Skolnick
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K
| | - Vasily Kravtsov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Anton K Samusev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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17
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Luo Y, Guo Q, Deng X, Ghosh S, Zhang Q, Xu H, Xiong Q. Manipulating nonlinear exciton polaritons in an atomically-thin semiconductor with artificial potential landscapes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:220. [PMID: 37679312 PMCID: PMC10485014 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons in atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenide microcavities provide a versatile platform for advancing optoelectronic devices and studying the interacting Bosonic physics at ambient conditions. Rationally engineering the favorable properties of polaritons is critically required for the rapidly growing research. Here, we demonstrate the manipulation of nonlinear polaritons with the lithographically defined potential landscapes in monolayer WS2 microcavities. The discretization of photoluminescence dispersions and spatially confined patterns indicate the deterministic on-site localization of polaritons by the artificial mesa cavities. Varying the trapping sizes, the polariton-reservoir interaction strength is enhanced by about six times through managing the polariton-exciton spatial overlap. Meanwhile, the coherence of trapped polaritons is significantly improved due to the spectral narrowing and tailored in a picosecond range. Therefore, our work not only offers a convenient approach to manipulating the nonlinearity and coherence of polaritons but also opens up possibilities for exploring many-body phenomena and developing novel polaritonic devices based on 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanbing Guo
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Sanjib Ghosh
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- Wuhan Institute of Quantum Technology, Wuhan, 430206, China.
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China.
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, China.
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18
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Weber T, Kühner L, Sortino L, Ben Mhenni A, Wilson NP, Kühne J, Finley JJ, Maier SA, Tittl A. Intrinsic strong light-matter coupling with self-hybridized bound states in the continuum in van der Waals metasurfaces. NATURE MATERIALS 2023; 22:970-976. [PMID: 37349392 PMCID: PMC10390334 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a standout platform for strong light-matter coupling with transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) but have so far mostly been implemented as traditional all-dielectric metasurfaces with adjacent TMDC layers, incurring limitations related to strain, mode overlap and material integration. Here, we demonstrate intrinsic strong coupling in BIC-driven metasurfaces composed of nanostructured bulk tungsten disulfide (WS2) and exhibiting resonances with sharp, tailored linewidths and selective enhancement of light-matter interactions. Tuning of the BIC resonances across the exciton resonance in bulk WS2 is achieved by varying the metasurface unit cells, enabling strong coupling with an anticrossing pattern and a Rabi splitting of 116 meV. Crucially, the coupling strength itself can be controlled and is shown to be independent of material-intrinsic losses. Our self-hybridized metasurface platform can readily incorporate other TMDCs or excitonic materials to deliver fundamental insights and practical device concepts for polaritonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weber
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Sortino
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Amine Ben Mhenni
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Nathan P Wilson
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Julius Kühne
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut, Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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19
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Li M, Gao M, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Valley-dependent vortex emission from exciton-polariton in non-centrosymmetric transition metal dichalcogenide metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:19622-19631. [PMID: 37381373 DOI: 10.1364/oe.490067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great attention in valleytronics. Owing to the giant valley coherence at room temperature, valley pseudospin of TMDs open a new degree of freedom to encode and process binary information. The valley pseudospin only exists in non-centrosymmetric TMDs (e.g., monolayer or 3R-stacked multilayer), which is prohibited in conventional centrosymmetric 2H-stacked crystals. Here, we propose a general recipe to generate valley-dependent vortex beams by using a mix-dimensional TMD metasurface composed of nanostructured 2H-stacked TMD crystals and monolayer TMDs. Such an ultrathin TMD metasurface involves a momentum-space polarization vortex around bound states in the continuum (BICs), which can simultaneously achieve strong coupling (i.e., form exciton polaritons) and valley-locked vortex emission. Moreover, we report that a full 3R-stacked TMD metasurface can also reveal the strong-coupling regime with an anti-crossing pattern and a Rabi splitting of 95 meV. The Rabi splitting can be precisely controlled by geometrically shaping the TMD metasurface. Our results provide an ultra-compact TMD platform for controlling and structuring valley exciton polariton, in which the valley information is linked with the topological charge of vortex emission, which may advance valleytronic, polaritonic, and optoelectronic applications.
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20
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Zong X, Li L, Li L, Yu K, Liu Y. Self-hybridized exciton-polaritons in thin films of transition metal dichalcogenides for narrowband perfect absorption. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18545-18554. [PMID: 37381564 DOI: 10.1364/oe.488392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Monolayer direct-band gap transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have been extensively investigated in the context of light-matter interactions. To reach strong coupling, these studies make use of external optical cavities supporting well-defined resonant modes. However, use of an external cavity might limit the scope of possible applications of such systems. Here, we demonstrate that thin films of TMDCs can themselves serve as high-quality-factor cavities due to the guided optical modes they sustain in the visible and near-infrared ranges. Making use of the prism coupling, we achieve the strong coupling between excitons and guided-mode resonances lying below the light line, and show that the thickness of TMDC membranes can be used to tune and promote photon-exciton interactions within the strong-coupling regime. Additionally, we demonstrate narrowband perfect absorption in thin TMDC films through critical coupling with guided-mode resonances. Our work not only provides a simple and intuitive picture to tame interaction of light and matter in thin TMDC films, but also suggests that these simple systems are a promising platform for realizing polaritonic and optoelectronic devices.
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21
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Li Q, Alfrey A, Hu J, Lydick N, Paik E, Liu B, Sun H, Lu Y, Wang R, Forrest S, Deng H. Macroscopic transition metal dichalcogenides monolayers with uniformly high optical quality. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1837. [PMID: 37005420 PMCID: PMC10067954 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37500-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The unique optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) monolayers have attracted significant attention for both photonics applications and fundamental studies of low-dimensional systems. TMD monolayers of high optical quality, however, have been limited to micron-sized flakes produced by low-throughput and labour-intensive processes, whereas large-area films are often affected by surface defects and large inhomogeneity. Here we report a rapid and reliable method to synthesize macroscopic-scale TMD monolayers of uniform, high optical quality. Using 1-dodecanol encapsulation combined with gold-tape-assisted exfoliation, we obtain monolayers with lateral size > 1 mm, exhibiting exciton energy, linewidth, and quantum yield uniform over the whole area and close to those of high-quality micron-sized flakes. We tentatively associate the role of the two molecular encapsulating layers as isolating the TMD from the substrate and passivating the chalcogen vacancies, respectively. We demonstrate the utility of our encapsulated monolayers by scalable integration with an array of photonic crystal cavities, creating polariton arrays with enhanced light-matter coupling strength. This work provides a pathway to achieving high-quality two-dimensional materials over large areas, enabling research and technology development beyond individual micron-sized devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyang Li
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Adam Alfrey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jiaqi Hu
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Nathanial Lydick
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Eunice Paik
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Haiping Sun
- Michigan Center for Materials Characterization, College of Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yang Lu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Forrest
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Applied Physics Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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22
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Marcucci N, Guo TL, Pélisset S, Roussey M, Grosjean T, Descrovi E. Bloch Surface Waves in Open Fabry-Perot Microcavities. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14030509. [PMID: 36984916 PMCID: PMC10054795 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to the increasing availability of technologies for thin film deposition, all-dielectric structures are becoming more and more attractive for integrated photonics. As light-matter interactions are involved, Bloch Surface Waves (BSWs) may represent a viable alternative to plasmonic platforms, allowing easy wavelength and polarization manipulation and reduced absorption losses. However, plasmon-based devices operating at an optical and near-infrared frequency have been demonstrated to reach extraordinary field confinement capabilities, with localized mode volumes of down to a few nanometers. Although such levels of energy localization are substantially unattainable with dielectrics, it is possible to operate subwavelength field confinement by employing high-refractive index materials with proper patterning such as, e.g., photonic crystals and metasurfaces. Here, we propose a computational study on the transverse localization of BSWs by means of quasi-flat Fabry-Perot microcavities, which have the advantage of being fully exposed toward the outer environment. These structures are constituted by defected periodic corrugations of a dielectric multilayer top surface. The dispersion and spatial distribution of BSWs' cavity mode are presented. In addition, the hybridization of BSWs with an A exciton in a 2D flake of tungsten disulfide (WS2) is also addressed. We show evidence of strong coupling involving not only propagating BSWs but also localized BSWs, namely, band-edge and cavity modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Marcucci
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Tian-Long Guo
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ségolène Pélisset
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matthieu Roussey
- Center for Photonics Sciences, Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Thierry Grosjean
- Department of Optics, FEMTO-ST Institute, UMR CNRS 6174, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Emiliano Descrovi
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence:
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23
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He L, Wu J, Jin J, Mele EJ, Zhen B. Polaritonic Chern Insulators in Monolayer Semiconductors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:043801. [PMID: 36763440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.043801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Systems with strong light-matter interaction open up new avenues for studying topological phases of matter. Examples include exciton polaritons, mixed light-matter quasiparticles, where the topology of the polaritonic band structure arises from the collective coupling between matter wave and optical fields strongly confined in periodic dielectric structures. Distinct from light-matter interaction in a uniform environment, the spatially varying nature of the optical fields leads to a fundamental modification of the well-known optical selection rules, which were derived under the plane wave approximation. Here we identify polaritonic Chern insulators by coupling valley excitons in transition metal dichalcogenides to photonic Bloch modes in a dielectric photonic crystal slab. We show that polaritonic Dirac points, which are markers for topological phase transition points, can be constructed from the collective coupling between valley excitons and photonic Dirac cones in the presence of both time-reversal and inversion symmetries. Lifting exciton valley degeneracy by breaking time-reversal symmetry leads to gapped polaritonic bands with nonzero Chern numbers. Through numerical simulations, we predict polaritonic chiral edge states residing inside the topological gaps. Our Letter paves the way for the further study of strong exciton-photon interaction in nanophotonic structures and for exploring polaritonic topological phases and their practical applications in polaritonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Jingda Wu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jicheng Jin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Eugene J Mele
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Bo Zhen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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24
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Wang Y, Luo A, Zhu C, Li Z, Wu X. Ultra-confined Propagating Exciton-Plasmon Polaritons Enabled by Cavity-Free Strong Coupling: Beating Plasmonic Trade-Offs. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2022; 17:109. [PMID: 36399213 PMCID: PMC9674826 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-022-03748-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid coupling systems consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) and plasmonic nanostructures have emerged as a promising platform to explore exciton-plasmon polaritons. However, the requisite cavity/resonator for strong coupling introduces extra complexities and challenges for waveguiding applications. Alternatively, plasmonic nano-waveguides can also be utilized to provide a non-resonant approach for strong coupling, while their utility is limited by the plasmonic confinement-loss and confinement-momentum trade-offs. Here, based on a cavity-free approach, we overcome these constraints by theoretically strong coupling of a monolayer TMD to a single metal nanowire, generating ultra-confined propagating exciton-plasmon polaritons (PEPPs) that beat the plasmonic trade-offs. By leveraging strong-coupling-induced reformations in energy distribution and combining favorable properties of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and excitons, the generated PEPPs feature ultra-deep subwavelength confinement (down to 1-nm level with mode areas ~ 10-4 of λ2), long propagation length (up to ~ 60 µm), tunable dispersion with versatile mode characters (SPP- and exciton-like mode characters), and small momentum mismatch to free-space photons. With the capability to overcome the trade-offs of SPPs and the compatibility for waveguiding applications, our theoretical results suggest an attractive guided-wave platform to manipulate exciton-plasmon interactions at the ultra-deep subwavelength scale, opening new horizons for waveguiding nano-polaritonic components and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aoning Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory of Photonic Sensing and Intelligent Imaging, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
- Jiaxing Intelligent Optics and Photonics Research Center, Jiaxing Research Institute Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, 314000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology and Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Kirchhof JN, Yu Y, Antheaume G, Gordeev G, Yagodkin D, Elliott P, de Araújo DB, Sharma S, Reich S, Bolotin KI. Nanomechanical Spectroscopy of 2D Materials. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:8037-8044. [PMID: 36252952 PMCID: PMC9615986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a nanomechanical platform for fast and sensitive measurements of the spectrally resolved optical dielectric function of 2D materials. At the heart of our approach is a suspended 2D material integrated into a high Q silicon nitride nanomechanical resonator illuminated by a wavelength-tunable laser source. From the heating-related frequency shift of the resonator as well as its optical reflection measured as a function of photon energy, we obtain the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function. Our measurements are unaffected by substrate-related screening and do not require any assumptions on the underling optical constants. This fast (τrise ∼ 135 ns), sensitive (noise-equivalent power = 90 pW √ Hz ), and broadband (1.2-3.1 eV, extendable to UV-THz) method provides an attractive alternative to spectroscopic or ellipsometric characterization techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan N. Kirchhof
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuefeng Yu
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Antheaume
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgy Gordeev
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
- Department
of Physics and Materials Science, University
of Luxembourg, 41 Rue
du Brill, 4422Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Denis Yagodkin
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Elliott
- Max-Born
Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel B. de Araújo
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Max-Born
Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirill I. Bolotin
- Department
of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195Berlin, Germany
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26
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Transition metal dichalcogenide metaphotonic and self-coupled polaritonic platform grown by chemical vapor deposition. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5597. [PMID: 36151069 PMCID: PMC9508121 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33088-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have recently attracted growing attention in the fields of dielectric nanophotonics because of their high refractive index and excitonic resonances. Despite the recent realizations of Mie resonances by patterning exfoliated TMDC flakes, it is still challenging to achieve large-scale TMDC-based photonic structures with a controllable thickness. Here, we report a bulk MoS2 metaphotonic platform realized by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) bottom-up method, supporting both pronounced dielectric optical modes and self-coupled polaritons. Magnetic surface lattice resonances (M-SLRs) and their energy-momentum dispersions are demonstrated in 1D MoS2 gratings. Anticrossing behaviors with Rabi splitting up to 170 meV are observed when the M-SLRs are hybridized with the excitons in multilayer MoS2. In addition, distinct Mie modes and anapole-exciton polaritons are also experimentally demonstrated in 2D MoS2 disk arrays. We believe that the CVD bottom-up method would open up many possibilities to achieve large-scale TMDC-based photonic devices and enrich the toolbox of engineering exciton-photon interactions in TMDCs.
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27
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Zhao Z, You J, Zhang J, Tang Y. Data-Enhanced Deep Greedy Optimization Algorithm for the On-Demand Inverse Design of TMDC-Cavity Heterojunctions. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:2976. [PMID: 36080013 PMCID: PMC9457757 DOI: 10.3390/nano12172976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A data-enhanced deep greedy optimization (DEDGO) algorithm is proposed to achieve the efficient and on-demand inverse design of multiple transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC)-photonic cavity-integrated heterojunctions operating in the strong coupling regime. Precisely, five types of photonic cavities with different geometrical parameters are employed to alter the optical properties of monolayer TMDC, aiming at discovering new and intriguing physics associated with the strong coupling effect. Notably, the traditional rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) approach is utilized to generate a relatively small training dataset for the DEDGO algorithm. Importantly, one remarkable feature of DEDGO is the integration the decision theory of reinforcement learning, which remedies the deficiencies of previous research that focused more on modeling over decision making, increasing the success rate of inverse prediction. Specifically, an iterative optimization strategy, namely, deep greedy optimization, is implemented to improve the performance. In addition, a data enhancement method is also employed in DEDGO to address the dependence on a large amount of training data. The accuracy and effectiveness of the DEDGO algorithm are confirmed to be much higher than those of the random forest algorithm and deep neural network, making possible the replacement of the time-consuming conventional scanning optimization method with the DEDGO algorithm. This research thoroughly describes the universality, interpretability, and excellent performance of the DEDGO algorithm in exploring the underlying physics of TMDC-cavity heterojunctions, laying the foundations for the on-demand inverse design of low-dimensional material-based nano-devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Jie You
- Defense Innovation Institute, Academy of Military Sciences PLA China, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
| | - Yuhua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing, College of Computer, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
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28
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Li J, Yao K, Huang Y, Fang J, Kollipara PS, Fan DE, Zheng Y. Tunable Strong Coupling in Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Nanowires. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200656. [PMID: 35793202 PMCID: PMC9420800 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subwavelength optical resonators with spatiotemporal control of light are essential to the miniaturization of optical devices. In this work, chemically synthesized transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanowires are exploited as a new type of dielectric nanoresonators to simultaneously support pronounced excitonic and Mie resonances. Strong light-matter couplings and tunable exciton polaritons in individual nanowires are demonstrated. In addition, the excitonic responses can be reversibly modulated with excellent reproducibility, offering the potential for developing tunable optical nanodevices. Being in the mobile colloidal state with highly tunable optical properties, the TMDC nanoresonators will find promising applications in integrated active optical devices, including all-optical switches and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingang Li
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Kan Yao
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yun Huang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jie Fang
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Pavana Siddhartha Kollipara
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Donglei Emma Fan
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Yuebing Zheng
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science & Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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29
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Lin H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Lin KT, Wen X, Liang Y, Fu Y, Lau AKT, Ma T, Qiu CW, Jia B. Engineering van der Waals Materials for Advanced Metaphotonics. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15204-15355. [PMID: 35749269 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The outstanding chemical and physical properties of 2D materials, together with their atomically thin nature, make them ideal candidates for metaphotonic device integration and construction, which requires deep subwavelength light-matter interaction to achieve optical functionalities beyond conventional optical phenomena observed in naturally available materials. In addition to their intrinsic properties, the possibility to further manipulate the properties of 2D materials via chemical or physical engineering dramatically enhances their capability, evoking new science on light-matter interaction, leading to leaped performance of existing functional devices and giving birth to new metaphotonic devices that were unattainable previously. Comprehensive understanding of the intrinsic properties of 2D materials, approaches and capabilities for chemical and physical engineering methods, the resulting property modifications and novel functionalities, and applications of metaphotonic devices are provided in this review. Through reviewing the detailed progress in each aspect and the state-of-the-art achievement, insightful analyses of the outstanding challenges and future directions are elucidated in this cross-disciplinary comprehensive review with the aim to provide an overall development picture in the field of 2D material metaphotonics and promote rapid progress in this fast emerging and prosperous field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Zhenfang Zhang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Keng-Te Lin
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Xiaoming Wen
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yao Liang
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Yang Fu
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Alan Kin Tak Lau
- Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Tianyi Ma
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Baohua Jia
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training, Centre in Surface Engineering for Advanced Materials (SEAM), Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia.,Centre for Translational Atomaterials, School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, P.O. Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
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30
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Qian C, Villafañe V, Soubelet P, Hötger A, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Wilson NP, Stier AV, Holleitner AW, Finley JJ. Nonlocal Exciton-Photon Interactions in Hybrid High-Q Beam Nanocavities with Encapsulated MoS_{2} Monolayers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:237403. [PMID: 35749182 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.237403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin semiconductors can be readily integrated into a wide range of nanophotonic architectures for applications in quantum photonics and novel optoelectronic devices. We report the observation of nonlocal interactions of "free" trions in pristine hBN/MoS_{2}/hBN heterostructures coupled to single mode (Q>10^{4}) quasi 0D nanocavities. The high excitonic and photonic quality of the interaction system stems from our integrated nanofabrication approach simultaneously with the hBN encapsulation and the maximized local cavity field amplitude within the MoS_{2} monolayer. We observe a nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the cavity-trion interaction strength, consistent with the nonlocal light-matter interactions in which the extent of the center-of-mass (c.m.) wave function is comparable to the cavity mode volume in space. Our approach can be generalized to other optically active 2D materials, opening the way toward harnessing novel light-matter interaction regimes for applications in quantum photonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjiang Qian
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Viviana Villafañe
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Pedro Soubelet
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander Hötger
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Takashi Taniguchi
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
| | - Nathan P Wilson
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas V Stier
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander W Holleitner
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jonathan J Finley
- Walter Schottky Institut and Physik Department, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
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31
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Fitzgerald JM, Thompson JJP, Malic E. Twist Angle Tuning of Moiré Exciton Polaritons in van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4468-4474. [PMID: 35594200 PMCID: PMC9185750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Twisted atomically thin semiconductors are characterized by moiré excitons. Their optical signatures and selection rules are well understood. However, their hybridization with photons in the strong coupling regime for heterostructures integrated in an optical cavity has not been the focus of research yet. Here, we combine an excitonic density matrix formalism with a Hopfield approach to provide microscopic insights into moiré exciton polaritons. In particular, we show that exciton-light coupling, polariton energy, and even the number of polariton branches can be controlled via the twist angle. We find that these new hybrid light-exciton states become delocalized relative to the constituent excitons due to the mixing with light and higher-energy excitons. The system can be interpreted as a natural quantum metamaterial with a periodicity that can be engineered via the twist angle. Our study presents a significant advance in microscopic understanding and control of moiré exciton polaritons in twisted atomically thin semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Fitzgerald
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Ermin Malic
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department
of Physics, Philipps University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
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32
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Zong X, Li L, Liu Y. Bound states in the continuum in all-van der Waals photonic crystals: a route enabling electromagnetically induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17897-17908. [PMID: 36221601 DOI: 10.1364/oe.458382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that multilayer transition metal dichalcogenides can serve as promising building blocks for creating new kinds of resonant optical nanostructures due to their very high refractive indices. However, most of such studies have focused on excitonic regimes of light-material interaction, while there are few on the low-loss region below the bandgap. Here, we conceptually propose all-van der Waals photonic crystals made of electronically bulk MoS2 and h-BN, designed to operate in the telecom wavelengths. And we demonstrate that, due to extremely low absorption loss and destructive interaction between symmetry-protected and resonance-trapped bound states in the continuum, high-quality factor transmission peaks associated with electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) are observed, thus rendering our proposed structures highly useful for applications like slow light and optical sensing. Furthermore, EIT-like effects are demonstrated in well-engineered MoS2 nanostructures with broken symmetry. We argue that this work is not only of significance for light harvesting in nanostructured van der Waals materials, but provides also a simple path of constructing classical analogues of EIT using dielectric photonic crystals.
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33
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Tonkaev P, Sinev IS, Rybin MV, Makarov SV, Kivshar Y. Multifunctional and Transformative Metaphotonics with Emerging Materials. Chem Rev 2022; 122:15414-15449. [PMID: 35549165 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Future technologies underpinning multifunctional physical and chemical systems and compact biological sensors will rely on densely packed transformative and tunable circuitry employing nanophotonics. For many years, plasmonics was considered as the only available platform for subwavelength optics, but the recently emerged field of resonant metaphotonics may provide a versatile practical platform for nanoscale science by employing resonances in high-index dielectric nanoparticles and metasurfaces. Here, we discuss the recently emerged field of metaphotonics and describe its connection to material science and chemistry. For tunabilty, metaphotonics employs a variety of the recently highlighted materials such as polymers, perovskites, transition metal dichalcogenides, and phase change materials. This allows to achieve diverse functionalities of metasystems and metasurfaces for efficient spatial and temporal control of light by employing multipolar resonances and the physics of bound states in the continuum. We anticipate expanding applications of these concepts in nanolasers, tunable metadevices, metachemistry, as well as a design of a new generation of chemical and biological ultracompact sensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Tonkaev
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Ivan S Sinev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Rybin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Science, St. Petersburg 194021, Russia
| | - Sergey V Makarov
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia.,School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
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34
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Genco A, Cerullo G. Optical nonlinearity goes ultrafast in 2D semiconductor-based nanocavities. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:127. [PMID: 35523774 PMCID: PMC9076909 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00827-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid systems of silver nanodisks strongly coupled to monolayer tungsten-disulfide (WS2) show giant room-temperature nonlinearity due to their deeply sub-wavelength localized nature, resulting in ultrafast modifications of nonlinear absorption in a solid-state system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Genco
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giulio Cerullo
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
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35
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Polariton Bose-Einstein condensate from a bound state in the continuum. Nature 2022; 605:447-452. [PMID: 35585343 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04583-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bound states in the continuum (BICs)1-3 are peculiar topological states that, when realized in a planar photonic crystal lattice, are symmetry-protected from radiating in the far field despite lying within the light cone4. These BICs possess an invariant topological charge given by the winding number of the polarization vectors5, similar to vortices in quantum fluids such as superfluid helium and atomic Bose-Einstein condensates. In spite of several reports of optical BICs in patterned dielectric slabs with evidence of lasing, their potential as topologically protected states with theoretically infinite lifetime has not yet been fully exploited. Here we show non-equilibrium Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons-hybrid light-matter excitations-occurring in a BIC thanks to its peculiar non-radiative nature, which favours polariton accumulation. The combination of the ultralong BIC lifetime and the tight confinement of the waveguide geometry enables the achievement of an extremely low threshold density for condensation, which is reached not in the dispersion minimum but at a saddle point in reciprocal space. By bridging bosonic condensation and symmetry-protected radiation eigenmodes, we reveal ways of imparting topological properties onto macroscopic quantum states with unexplored dispersion features. Such an observation may open a route towards energy-efficient polariton condensation in cost-effective integrated devices, ultimately suited for the development of hybrid light-matter optical circuits.
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36
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Zotev PG, Wang Y, Sortino L, Severs Millard T, Mullin N, Conteduca D, Shagar M, Genco A, Hobbs JK, Krauss TF, Tartakovskii AI. Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Dimer Nanoantennas for Tailored Light-Matter Interactions. ACS NANO 2022; 16:6493-6505. [PMID: 35385647 PMCID: PMC9047003 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c00802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenides have emerged as promising materials for nanophotonic resonators because of their large refractive index, low absorption within a large portion of the visible spectrum, and compatibility with a wide range of substrates. Herein, we use these properties to fabricate WS2 double-pillar nanoantennas in a variety of geometries enabled by the anisotropy in the crystal structure. Using dark-field spectroscopy, we reveal multiple Mie resonances, to which we couple WSe2 monolayer photoluminescence and achieve Purcell enhancement and an increased fluorescence by factors up to 240 for dimer gaps of 150 nm. We introduce postfabrication atomic force microscope repositioning and rotation of dimer nanoantennas, achieving gaps as small as 10 ± 5 nm, which enables a host of potential applications, including strong Purcell enhancement of single-photon emitters and optical trapping, which we study in simulations. Our findings highlight the advantages of using transition metal dichalcogenides for nanophotonics by exploring applications enabled by their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panaiot G. Zotev
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department
of Physics, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K.
| | - Luca Sortino
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
- Chair
in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Toby Severs Millard
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Nic Mullin
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | | | - Mostafa Shagar
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Armando Genco
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
| | - Jamie K. Hobbs
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7RH, U.K.
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37
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Strong Coupling between a Single Quantum Emitter and a Plasmonic Nanoantenna on a Metallic Film. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091440. [PMID: 35564149 PMCID: PMC9104281 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The strong coupling between single quantum emitters and resonant optical micro/nanocavities is beneficial for understanding light and matter interactions. Here, we propose a plasmonic nanoantenna placed on a metal film to achieve an ultra-high electric field enhancement in the nanogap and an ultra-small optical mode volume. The strong coupling between a single quantum dot (QD) and the designed structure is investigated in detail by both numerical simulations and theoretical calculations. When a single QD is inserted into the nanogap of the silver nanoantenna, the scattering spectra show a remarkably large splitting and anticrossing behavior of the vacuum Rabi splitting, which can be achieved in the scattering spectra by optimizing the nanoantenna thickness. Our work shows another way to enhance the light/matter interaction at a single quantum emitter limit, which can be useful for many nanophotonic and quantum applications.
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38
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Niu Y, Xu H, Wei H. Unified Scattering and Photoluminescence Spectra for Strong Plasmon-Exciton Coupling. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:167402. [PMID: 35522488 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.167402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The strong coupling between excitons and single plasmonic nanocavities enables plexcitonic states in nanoscale systems at room temperature. Here we demonstrate the strong coupling of surface plasmon modes of metal nanowires and excitons in monolayer semiconductors, with Rabi splitting manifested in both scattering and photoluminescence (PL) spectra. By utilizing the propagation properties of surface plasmons on the nanowires, the PL emitted through the scattering of plasmon-exciton hybrid modes is extracted. The analytically calculated scattering and PL spectra well reproduce the experimental results. These findings unify the scattering and PL spectra in the plexcitonic system and eliminate the ambiguities of PL emission, shedding new light on understanding the rich spectral phenomena in the plasmon-exciton strong coupling regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Niu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongxing Xu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, China
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39
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Kesarwani R, Simbulan KB, Huang TD, Chiang YF, Yeh NC, Lan YW, Lu TH. Control of trion-to-exciton conversion in monolayer WS 2 by orbital angular momentum of light. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm0100. [PMID: 35363526 PMCID: PMC10938575 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the density of exciton and trion quasiparticles in monolayer two-dimensional (2D) materials at room temperature by nondestructive techniques is highly desired for the development of future optoelectronic devices. Here, the effects of different orbital angular momentum (OAM) lights on monolayer tungsten disulfide at both room temperature and low temperatures are investigated, which reveal simultaneously enhanced exciton intensity and suppressed trion intensity in the photoluminescence spectra with increasing topological charge of the OAM light. In addition, the trion-to-exciton conversion efficiency is found to increase rapidly with the OAM light at low laser power and decrease with increasing power. Moreover, the trion binding energy and the concentration of unbound electrons are estimated, which shed light on how these quantities depend on OAM. A phenomenological model is proposed to account for the experimental data. These findings pave a way toward manipulating the exciton emission in 2D materials with OAM light for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Kesarwani
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Teng-De Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fan Chiang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Chang Yeh
- Department of Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yann-Wen Lan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hua Lu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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40
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Zhao J, Fieramosca A, Bao R, Du W, Dini K, Su R, Feng J, Luo Y, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Nonlinear polariton parametric emission in an atomically thin semiconductor based microcavity. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:396-402. [PMID: 35288672 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parametric nonlinear optical processes are at the heart of nonlinear optics underpinning the central role in the generation of entangled photons as well as the realization of coherent optical sources. Exciton-polaritons are capable to sustain parametric scattering at extremely low threshold, offering a readily accessible platform to study bosonic fluids. Recently, two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted great attention in strong light-matter interactions due to robust excitonic transitions and unique spin-valley degrees of freedom. However, further progress is hindered by the lack of realizations of strong nonlinear effects in TMD polaritons. Here, we demonstrate a realization of nonlinear optical parametric polaritons in a WS2 monolayer microcavity pumped at the inflection point and triggered in the ground state. We observed the formation of a phase-matched idler state and nonlinear amplification that preserves the valley population and survives up to room temperature. Our results open a new door towards the realization of the future for all-optical valley polariton nonlinear devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Ruiqi Bao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin Dini
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jiangang Feng
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
- INFN National Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lecce, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chips, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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41
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Yang L, Xie X, Yang J, Xue M, Wu S, Xiao S, Song F, Dang J, Sun S, Zuo Z, Chen J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Jin K, Wang C, Xu X. Strong Light-Matter Interactions between Gap Plasmons and Two-Dimensional Excitons under Ambient Conditions in a Deterministic Way. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2177-2186. [PMID: 35239344 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong exciton-plasmon interactions between layered two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors and gap plasmons show a great potential to implement cavity quantum electrodynamics under ambient conditions. However, achieving a robust plasmon-exciton coupling with nanocavities is still very challenging, because the layer area is usually small in the conventional approaches. Here, we report on a robust strong exciton-plasmon coupling between the gap mode of a bowtie and the excitons in MoS2 layers with gold-assisted mechanical exfoliation and nondestructive wet transfer techniques for a large-area layer. Due to the ultrasmall mode volume and strong in-plane field, the estimated effective exciton number contributing to the coupling is largely reduced. With a corrected exciton transition dipole moment, the exciton numbers are extracted as being 40 for the case of a single layer and 48 for eight layers. Our work paves the way to realize strong coupling with 2D materials with a small number of excitons at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingnan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengfei Xue
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Feilong Song
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianchen Dang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Sibai Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhanchun Zuo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjiang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Kuijuan Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Can Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiulai Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, People's Republic of China
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42
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Abstract
AbstractExcitons are elementary optical excitation in semiconductors. The ability to manipulate and transport these quasiparticles would enable excitonic circuits and devices for quantum photonic technologies. Recently, interlayer excitons in 2D semiconductors have emerged as a promising candidate for engineering excitonic devices due to their long lifetime, large exciton binding energy, and gate tunability. However, the charge-neutral nature of the excitons leads to weak response to the in-plane electric field and thus inhibits transport beyond the diffusion length. Here, we demonstrate the directional transport of interlayer excitons in bilayer WSe2 driven by the propagating potential traps induced by surface acoustic waves (SAW). We show that at 100 K, the SAW-driven excitonic transport is activated above a threshold acoustic power and reaches 20 μm, a distance at least ten times longer than the diffusion length and only limited by the device size. Temperature-dependent measurement reveals the transition from the diffusion-limited regime at low temperature to the acoustic field-driven regime at elevated temperature. Our work shows that acoustic waves are an effective, contact-free means to control exciton dynamics and transport, promising for realizing 2D materials-based excitonic devices such as exciton transistors, switches, and transducers up to room temperature.
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43
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Huang L, Krasnok A, Alú A, Yu Y, Neshev D, Miroshnichenko AE. Enhanced light-matter interaction in two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:046401. [PMID: 34939940 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac45f9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) materials, such as MoS2, WS2, MoSe2, and WSe2, have received extensive attention in the past decade due to their extraordinary electronic, optical and thermal properties. They evolve from indirect bandgap semiconductors to direct bandgap semiconductors while their layer number is reduced from a few layers to a monolayer limit. Consequently, there is strong photoluminescence in a monolayer (1L) TMDC due to the large quantum yield. Moreover, such monolayer semiconductors have two other exciting properties: large binding energy of excitons and valley polarization. These properties make them become ideal materials for various electronic, photonic and optoelectronic devices. However, their performance is limited by the relatively weak light-matter interactions due to their atomically thin form factor. Resonant nanophotonic structures provide a viable way to address this issue and enhance light-matter interactions in 2D TMDCs. Here, we provide an overview of this research area, showcasing relevant applications, including exotic light emission, absorption and scattering features. We start by overviewing the concept of excitons in 1L-TMDC and the fundamental theory of cavity-enhanced emission, followed by a discussion on the recent progress of enhanced light emission, strong coupling and valleytronics. The atomically thin nature of 1L-TMDC enables a broad range of ways to tune its electric and optical properties. Thus, we continue by reviewing advances in TMDC-based tunable photonic devices. Next, we survey the recent progress in enhanced light absorption over narrow and broad bandwidths using 1L or few-layer TMDCs, and their applications for photovoltaics and photodetectors. We also review recent efforts of engineering light scattering, e.g., inducing Fano resonances, wavefront engineering in 1L or few-layer TMDCs by either integrating resonant structures, such as plasmonic/Mie resonant metasurfaces, or directly patterning monolayer/few layers TMDCs. We then overview the intriguing physical properties of different van der Waals heterostructures, and their applications in optoelectronic and photonic devices. Finally, we draw our opinion on potential opportunities and challenges in this rapidly developing field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujun Huang
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Alex Krasnok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, United States of America
| | - Andrea Alú
- Photonics Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, United States of America
- Physics Program, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY 10016, United States of America
| | - Yiling Yu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, United States of America
| | - Dragomir Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey E Miroshnichenko
- School of Engineering and Information Technology, University of New South Wales, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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44
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Zong X, Li L, Liu Y. Photonic bound states in the continuum in nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenides for strong photon-exciton coupling. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:6095-6098. [PMID: 34913924 DOI: 10.1364/ol.446950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Optical cavities supporting the optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) with infinite radiative lifetime have recently been widely reported. Here, we theoretically investigate BICs in an ultrathin photonic structure consisting of a multilayer, nanostructured transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD). Using finite element simulations, we demonstrate two distinct groups of BICs, namely symmetry-protected BICs and interference-based BICs, in the photonic system. Under normal incidence, their dispersion can be mediated by altering the grating pitch, which makes it possible to explore the strong coupling of these two photonic modes with the TMD exciton band in the same structure. This work expands not only the library of traditional nanophotonic approaches, but also provides more possibilities for optoelectronic devices toward miniaturization.
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45
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Kim S, Woo BH, An SC, Lim Y, Seo IC, Kim DS, Yoo S, Park QH, Jun YC. Topological Control of 2D Perovskite Emission in the Strong Coupling Regime. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:10076-10085. [PMID: 34843262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Momentum space topology can be exploited to manipulate radiation in real space. Here we demonstrate topological control of 2D perovskite emission in the strong coupling regime via polaritonic bound states in the continuum (BICs). Topological polarization singularities (polarization vortices and circularly polarized eigenstates) are observed at room temperature by measuring the Stokes parameters of photoluminescence in momentum space. Particularly, in symmetry-broken structures, a very large degree of circular polarization (DCP) of ∼0.835 is achieved in the perovskite emission, which is the largest in perovskite materials to our knowledge. In the strong coupling regime, lower polariton modes shift to the low-loss spectral region, resulting in strong emission enhancement and large DCP. Our reciprocity analysis reveals that DCP is limited by material absorption at the emission wavelength. Polaritonic BICs based on 2D perovskite materials combine unique topological features with exceptional material properties and may become a promising platform for active nanophotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongheon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hoon Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Chan An
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - In Cheol Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Sik Kim
- Department of Physics, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - SeokJae Yoo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Q-Han Park
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Jun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
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46
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Abstract
A bio-photonic cavity quantum electrodynamic (C-QED) framework could be imagined as a system in which both the “cavity” and the “atom” participating in the light-matter interaction scenario are bio-inspired. Can a cavity be made of a bio-polymer? If so, how should such a cavity appear and what are the best polymers to fabricate it? Can a bioluminescent material stand the comparison with new-fashion semiconductors? In this review we answer these fundamental questions to pave the way toward an eco-friendly paradigm, in which the ever-increasing demand for more performing quantum photonics technologies meets the ever-increasing yet silent demand of our planet to reduce our environmental footprint.
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47
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Xiang B, Xiong W. Molecular vibrational polariton: Its dynamics and potentials in novel chemistry and quantum technology. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:050901. [PMID: 34364350 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular vibrational polaritons, a hybridized quasiparticle formed by the strong coupling between molecular vibrational modes and photon cavity modes, have attracted tremendous attention in the chemical physics community due to their peculiar influence on chemical reactions. At the same time, the half-photon half-matter characteristics of polaritons make them suitable to possess properties from both sides and lead to new features that are useful for photonic and quantum technology applications. To eventually use polaritons for chemical and quantum applications, it is critical to understand their dynamics. Due to the intrinsic time scale of cavity modes and molecular vibrational modes in condensed phases, polaritons can experience dynamics on ultrafast time scales, e.g., relaxation from polaritons to dark modes. Thus, ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy becomes an ideal tool to investigate such dynamics. In this Perspective, we give an overview of recent ultrafast spectroscopic works by our group and others in the field. These recent works show that molecular vibrational polaritons can have distinct dynamics from its pure molecular counterparts, such as intermolecular vibrational energy transfer and hot vibrational dynamics. We then discuss some current challenges and future opportunities, such as the possible use of ultrafast vibrational dynamics, to understand cavity-modified reactions and routes to develop molecular vibrational polaritons as new room temperature quantum platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xiang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
| | - Wei Xiong
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, UC San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, USA
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48
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Qin M, Xiao S, Liu W, Ouyang M, Yu T, Wang T, Liao Q. Strong coupling between excitons and magnetic dipole quasi-bound states in the continuum in WS 2-TiO 2 hybrid metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:18026-18036. [PMID: 34154071 DOI: 10.1364/oe.427141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the light-matter interactions in two-dimensional materials via optical metasurfaces has attracted much attention due to its potential to enable breakthrough in advanced compact photonic and quantum information devices. Here, we theoretically investigate a strong coupling between excitons in monolayer WS2 and quasi-bound states in the continuum (quasi-BIC). In the hybrid structure composed of WS2 coupled with asymmetric titanium dioxide nanobars, a remarkable spectral splitting and typical anticrossing behavior of the Rabi splitting can be observed, and such strong coupling effect can be modulated by shaping the thickness and asymmetry parameter of the proposed metasurfaces, and the angle of incident light. It is found that the balance of line width of the quasi-BIC mode and local electric field enhancement should be considered since both of them affect the strong coupling, which is crucial to the design and optimization of metasurface devices. This work provides a promising way for controlling the light-matter interactions in strong coupling regime and opens the door for the future novel quantum, low-energy, distinctive nanodevices by advanced meta-optical engineering.
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Zhao J, Su R, Fieramosca A, Zhao W, Du W, Liu X, Diederichs C, Sanvitto D, Liew TCH, Xiong Q. Ultralow Threshold Polariton Condensate in a Monolayer Semiconductor Microcavity at Room Temperature. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:3331-3339. [PMID: 33797259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter bosonic quasiparticles, can condense into a single quantum state, i.e., forming a polariton Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which represents a crucial step for the development of nanophotonic technology. Recently, atomically thin transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) emerged as promising candidates for novel polaritonic devices. Although the formation of robust valley-polaritons has been realized up to room temperature, the demonstration of polariton lasing remains elusive. Herein, we report for the first time the realization of this important milestone in a TMD microcavity at room temperature. Continuous wave pumped polariton lasing is evidenced by the macroscopic occupation of the ground state, which undergoes a nonlinear increase of the emission along with the emergence of temporal coherence, the presence of an exciton fraction-controlled threshold and the buildup of linear polarization. Our work presents a critically important step toward exploiting nonlinear polariton-polariton interactions, as well as offering a new platform for thresholdless lasing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rui Su
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Antonio Fieramosca
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Wei Du
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Xue Liu
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Carole Diederichs
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Laboratoire Pierre Aigrain, Département de physique de l'ENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, CNRS, Paris 75005, France
| | - Daniele Sanvitto
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, via Monteroni, Lecce 73100, Italy
| | - Timothy C H Liew
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- MajuLab, International Joint Research Unit UMI 3654, CNRS, Université Côte d'Azur, Sorbonne Université, National University of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Qihua Xiong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- State Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P.R. China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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50
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Sang Y, Wang CY, Raja SS, Cheng CW, Huang CT, Chen CA, Zhang XQ, Ahn H, Shih CK, Lee YH, Shi J, Gwo S. Tuning of Two-Dimensional Plasmon-Exciton Coupling in Full Parameter Space: A Polaritonic Non-Hermitian System. NANO LETTERS 2021; 21:2596-2602. [PMID: 33689382 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-Hermitian photonic systems with gains and/or losses have recently emerged as a powerful approach for topology-protected optical transport and novel device applications. To date, most of these systems employ coupled optical systems of diffraction-limited dielectric waveguides or microcavities, which exchange energy spatially or temporally. Here, we introduce a diffraction-unlimited approach using a plasmon-exciton coupling (polariton) system with tunable plasmonic resonance (energy and line width) and coupling strength. By designing a chirped silver nanogroove cavity array and coupling a single tungsten disulfide monolayer with a large contrast in resonance line width, we show the tuning capability through energy level anticrossing and plasmon-exciton hybridization (line width crossover), as well as spontaneous symmetry breaking across the exceptional point at zero detuning. This two-dimensional hybrid material system can be applied as a scalable and integratable platform for non-Hermitian photonics, featuring seamless integration of two-dimensional materials, broadband tuning, and operation at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yungang Sang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Wang
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Soniya S Raja
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Wei Cheng
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Tzu Huang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chun-An Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Quan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Hyeyoung Ahn
- Department of Photonics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Kang Shih
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yi-Hsien Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Jinwei Shi
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao-Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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