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Qiu X, Liu J, Chen X. The combination of arginine and fluoride-containing bioactive glass acted synergistically in inhibiting enamel demineralization in permanent teeth. J Dent 2024; 149:105227. [PMID: 38996997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of inhibiting enamel demineralization using arginine in combination with fluoride-containing bioactive glass (FBG). METHODS In this study, the healthy enamel blocks were first demineralized in acetic acid for 24 h, then soaked in anti-demineralization treatment solutions containing either arginine or FBG or both for 96 h.The specimens treated in acetic acid were applied as the control group. The pH, calcium and phosphorus ion concentrations of the solutions were measured before and after treatment. Changes in enamel mineral weight, microhardness, and composition were also analyzed. RESULTS The present of arginine facilitated fluorine release from treatment solutions with the presence of FBG. Both arginine and FBG significantly increased the pH of treatment solutions and prevented the further mineral weight loss compared to the control group. All anti-demineralization treatment groups showed significant increases in microhardness, but there was no statistical difference among the treatment groups. The SEM analysis showed enamel restoration in the arginine and FBG groups upon treatment, while the combined groups showing a superior anti-demineralization efficacy. 19F NMR showed the formation of fluorapatite in samples treated with solutions containing FBG. CONCLUSIONS Both arginine and FBG could inhibit enamel demineralization to some extent, and their combination demonstrated an enhanced anti-demineralization efficacy. The low-concentration combination group exhibited anti-demineralization effects comparable to those of high-concentration ones. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study introduces a new approach for caries prevention by combining the application of arginine and FBG. The release of fluorine promoted by the presented arginine along with calcium and phosphorus ions from FBG facilitated FAP formation. Additionally, the increment of pH resulting from arginine and FBG degradation further prevents enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Qiu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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2
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Sun B, Sun J, Zhang K, Pang Y, Zhi C, Li F, Ye Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Deng J, Yang P, Zhang X. A Bifunctional Lactoferrin-Derived Amyloid Coating Prevents Bacterial Adhesion and Occludes Dentinal Tubules via Deep Remineralization. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00508-7. [PMID: 39243838 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Dentin hypersensitivity (DH) manifests as sharp and uncomfortable pain due to the exposure of dentinal tubules (DTs) following the erosion of tooth enamel. Desensitizing agents commonly used in clinical practice have limitations such as limited depth of penetration, slow remineralization and no antimicrobial properties. To alleviate these challenges, our study designed a lactoferrin-derived amyloid nanofilm (PTLF nanofilm) inspired by the saliva-acquired membrane (SAP). The nanofilm utilises Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) to disrupt the disulfide bonds of lactoferrin (LF) under physiological conditions. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the early and stable adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Simultaneously, it adheres rapidly and securely to demineralized dentin surfaces, facilitating in-situ remineralization of HAP through a simple immersion process. This leads to the formation of a remineralized layer resembling natural dentin, with an occlusion depth of dentinal tubules exceeding 80 µm after three days. The in vivo and vitro results confirm that the PTLF nanofilm possesses good biocompatibility and its ability to exert simultaneous antimicrobial effects and dentin remineralization. Accordingly, this innovative bifunctional PTLF amyloid coating offers promising prospects for the management of DH-related conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We design a simple, fast, inexpensive, and easy-to-process PTLF nanofilm for nearly any material surface or shape. The PTLF nanofilm modifies surfaces across various substrates and effectively prevents the adhesion of cariogenic bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The abundant functional groups on the surface of PTLF nanofilm facilitate bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAP) formation and maintain stability at the HAP remineralization interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Sun
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jiao Sun
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yanyun Pang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Cheng Zhi
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Fan Li
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Yangyang Ye
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jiayin Deng
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral Soft and Hard Tissues Restoration and Regeneration, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China; Institute of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Dai D, Li D, Zhang C. Unraveling Nanomaterials in Biomimetic Mineralization of Dental Hard Tissue: Focusing on Advantages, Mechanisms, and Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405763. [PMID: 39206945 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The demineralization of dental hard tissue imposes considerable health and economic burdens worldwide, but an optimal method that can repair both the chemical composition and complex structures has not been developed. The continuous development of nanotechnology has created new opportunities for the regeneration and repair of dental hard tissue. Increasingly studies have reported that nanomaterials (NMs) can induce and regulate the biomimetic mineralization of dental hard tissue, but few studies have examined how they are involved in the different stages, let alone the relevant mechanisms of action. Besides their nanoscale dimensions and excellent designability, NMs play a corresponding role in the function of the raw materials for mineralization, mineralized microenvironment, mineralization guidance, and the function of mineralized products. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages of NMs and examines the specific mineralization mechanisms. Design strategies to promote regeneration and repair are summarized according to the application purpose of NMs in the oral cavity, and limitations and development directions in dental hard tissue remineralization are proposed. This review can provide a theoretical basis to understand the interaction between NMs and the remineralization of dental hard tissue, thereby optimizing design strategy, rational development, and clinical application of NMs in the field of remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Dai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Dan Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
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Gao Q, Jiang Y, Zhou D, Li G, Han Y, Yang J, Xu K, Jing Y, Bai L, Geng Z, Zhang H, Zhou G, Zhu M, Ji N, Han R, Zhang Y, Li Z, Wang C, Hu Y, Shen H, Wang G, Shi Z, Han Q, Chen X, Su J. Advanced glycation end products mediate biomineralization disorder in diabetic bone disease. Cell Rep Med 2024:101694. [PMID: 39173634 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Patients with diabetes often experience fragile fractures despite normal or higher bone mineral density (BMD), a phenomenon termed the diabetic bone paradox (DBP). The pathogenesis and therapeutics opinions for diabetic bone disease (DBD) are not fully explored. In this study, we utilize two preclinical diabetic models, the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice (DB) mouse model and the streptozotocin-induced diabetes (STZ) mouse model. These models demonstrate higher BMD and lower mechanical strength, mirroring clinical observations in diabetic patients. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) accumulate in diabetic bones, causing higher non-enzymatic crosslinking within collagen fibrils. This inhibits intrafibrillar mineralization and leads to disordered mineral deposition on collagen fibrils, ultimately reducing bone strength. Guanidines, inhibiting AGE formation, significantly improve the microstructure and biomechanical strength of diabetic bone and enhance bone fracture healing. Therefore, targeting AGEs may offer a strategy to regulate bone mineralization and microstructure, potentially preventing the onset of DBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianmin Gao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Jiang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China.
| | - Dongyang Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Guangfeng Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yafei Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhi Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ke Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yingying Jing
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Long Bai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Geng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Guangyin Zhou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Mengru Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ning Ji
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Ruina Han
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China
| | - Yuanwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zuhao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Chuandong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qinglin Han
- Orthopaedic Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China.
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
| | - Jiacan Su
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, P.R. China; Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China.
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Yan H, Zhu X, Liu Z, Jin S, Liu J, Han Z, Woo J, Meng L, Chi X, Han C, Zhao Y, Tucker ME, Zhao Y, Waheed J, Zhao H. Co-removal and recycling of Ba 2+ and Ca 2+ in hypersaline wastewater based on the microbially induced carbonate precipitation technique: Overlooked Ba 2+ in extracellular and intracellular vaterite. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 475:134923. [PMID: 38889469 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the co-precipitation of calcium and barium ions in hypersaline wastewater under the action of Bacillus licheniformis using microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology, as well as the bactericidal properties of the biomineralized product vaterite. The changes in carbonic anhydrase activity, pH, carbonate and bicarbonate concentrations in different biomineralization systems were negatively correlated with variations in metal ion concentrations, while the changes in polysaccharides and protein contents in bacterial extracellular polymers were positively correlated with variations in barium concentrations. In the mixed calcium and barium systems, the harvested minerals were vaterite containing barium. The increasing concentrations of calcium promoted the incorporation and adsorption of barium onto vaterite. The presence of barium significantly increased the contents of O-CO, N-CO, and Ba-O in vaterite. Calcium promoted barium precipitation, but barium inhibited calcium precipitation. After being treated by immobilized bacteria, the concentrations of calcium and barium ions decreased from 400 and 274 to 1.72 and 0 mg/L (GB/T15454-2009 and GB8978-1996). Intracellular minerals were also vaterite containing barium. Extracellular vaterite exhibited bactericidal properties. This research presents a promising technique for simultaneously removing and recycling hazardous heavy metals and calcium in hypersaline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiao Yan
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Shengping Jin
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Jilai Liu
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Zuozhen Han
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China; Laboratory for Marine Mineral Resources, Center for Isotope Geochemistry and Geochronology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Jusun Woo
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Long Meng
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Xiangqun Chi
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Chao Han
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Yanyang Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
| | - Maurice E Tucker
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, UK; Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1UJ, UK
| | - Yueming Zhao
- Qingdao West Coast New District First High School, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Junaid Waheed
- University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, 13110, Pakistan
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization and Sedimentary Minerals, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Ali A, Su J, Huang T, Hou C, Li X. Microbial-induced calcium precipitation: Bibliometric analysis, reaction mechanisms, mineralization types, and perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142762. [PMID: 38971440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Microbial-induced calcium precipitation (MICP) refers to the formation of calcium precipitates induced by mineralization during microbial metabolism. MICP has been widely used as an ecologically sustainable method in environmental, geotechnical, and construction fields. This article reviews the removal mechanisms of MICP for different contaminants in the field of water treatment. The nucleation pathway is explained at both extracellular and intracellular levels, with a focus on evaluating the contribution of extracellular polymers to MICP. The types of mineralization and the regulatory role of enzyme genes in the MICP process are innovatively summarized. Based on this, the environmental significance of MICP is illustrated, and the application prospects of calcium precipitation products are discussed. The research hotspots and development trends of MICP are analyzed by bibliometric methods, and the challenges and future directions of MICP technology are identified. This review aims to provide a theoretical basis for further understanding of the MICP phenomenon in water treatment and the effective removal of multiple pollutants, which will help researchers to find the breakthroughs and innovations in the existing technologies, with a view to making significant progress in MICP technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Junfeng Su
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China.
| | - Tinglin Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Chenxi Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Xuan Li
- College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, 224051, China
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Kim SH, Ki MR, Han Y, Pack SP. Biomineral-Based Composite Materials in Regenerative Medicine. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6147. [PMID: 38892335 PMCID: PMC11173312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative medicine aims to address substantial defects by amplifying the body's natural regenerative abilities and preserving the health of tissues and organs. To achieve these goals, materials that can provide the spatial and biological support for cell proliferation and differentiation, as well as the micro-environment essential for the intended tissue, are needed. Scaffolds such as polymers and metallic materials provide three-dimensional structures for cells to attach to and grow in defects. These materials have limitations in terms of mechanical properties or biocompatibility. In contrast, biominerals are formed by living organisms through biomineralization, which also includes minerals created by replicating this process. Incorporating biominerals into conventional materials allows for enhanced strength, durability, and biocompatibility. Specifically, biominerals can improve the bond between the implant and tissue by mimicking the micro-environment. This enhances cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. Furthermore, biomineral composites have wound healing and antimicrobial properties, which can aid in wound repair. Additionally, biominerals can be engineered as drug carriers, which can efficiently deliver drugs to their intended targets, minimizing side effects and increasing therapeutic efficacy. This article examines the role of biominerals and their composite materials in regenerative medicine applications and discusses their properties, synthesis methods, and potential uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Kim
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (M.-R.K.)
| | - Mi-Ran Ki
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (M.-R.K.)
- Institute of Industrial Technology, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngji Han
- Biological Clock-Based Anti-Aging Convergence RLRC, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seung Pil Pack
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Korea University, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (M.-R.K.)
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Patkar SS, Wang B, Mosquera AM, Kiick KL. Genetically Fusing Order-Promoting and Thermoresponsive Building Blocks to Design Hybrid Biomaterials. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400582. [PMID: 38501912 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
The unique biophysical and biochemical properties of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) and their recombinant derivatives, intrinsically disordered protein polymers (IDPPs) offer opportunities for producing multistimuli-responsive materials; their sequence-encoded disorder and tendency for phase separation facilitate the development of multifunctional materials. This review highlights the strategies for enhancing the structural diversity of elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) and resilin-like polypeptides (RLPs), and their self-assembled structures via genetic fusion to ordered motifs such as helical or beta sheet domains. In particular, this review describes approaches that harness the synergistic interplay between order-promoting and thermoresponsive building blocks to design hybrid biomaterials, resulting in well-structured, stimuli-responsive supramolecular materials ordered on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai S Patkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
- Eli Lilly and Company, 450 Kendall Street, Cambridge, MA, 02142, United States
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Ana Maria Mosquera
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, 19716, United States
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9
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Øvrebø Ø, De Lauretis A, Ma Q, Lyngstadaas SP, Perale G, Nilsen O, Rossi F, Haugen HJ. Towards bone regeneration: Understanding the nucleating ability of proline-rich peptides in biomineralisation. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 159:213801. [PMID: 38401402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Obtaining rapid mineralisation is a challenge in current bone graft materials, which has been attributed to the difficulty of guiding the biological processes towards osteogenesis. Amelogenin, a key protein in enamel formation, inspired the design of two intrinsically disordered peptides (P2 and P6) that enhance in vivo bone formation, but the process is not fully understood. In this study, we have elucidated the mechanism by which these peptides induce improved mineralisation. Our molecular dynamics analysis demonstrated that in an aqueous environment, P2 and P6 fold to interact with the surrounding Ca2+, PO43- and OH- ions, which can lead to apatite nucleation. Although P2 has a less stable backbone, it folds to a stable structure that allows for the nucleation of larger calcium phosphate aggregates than P6. These results were validated experimentally in a concentrated simulated body fluid solution, where the peptide solutions accelerated the mineralisation process compared to the control and yielded mineral structures mimicking the amorphous calcium phosphate crystals that can be found in lamella bone. A pH drop for the peptide groups suggests depletion of calcium and phosphate, a prerequisite for intrinsic osteoinduction, while S/TEM and SEM suggested that the peptide regulated the mineral nucleation into lamella flakes. Evidently, the peptides accelerate and guide mineral formation, elucidating the mechanism for how these peptides can improve the efficacy of P2 or P6 containing devices for bone regeneration. The work also demonstrates how experimental mineralisation study coupled with molecular dynamics is a valid method for understanding and predicting in vivo performance prior to animal trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Øystein Øvrebø
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy; Material Biomimetic AS, Oslo Science Park, 0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Angela De Lauretis
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Qianli Ma
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ståle Petter Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Giuseppe Perale
- Industrie Biomediche Insubri SA, Mezzovico-Vira 6805, Switzerland; Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Southern Switzerland, Lugano 6900, Switzerland; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstrasse 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ola Nilsen
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Gaustadalléen 21, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway
| | - Filippo Rossi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Håvard J Haugen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
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10
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Puertas-Bartolomé M, Venegas-Bustos D, Acosta S, Rodríguez-Cabello JC. Contribution of the ELRs to the development of advanced in vitro models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1363865. [PMID: 38650751 PMCID: PMC11033926 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1363865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing in vitro models that accurately mimic the microenvironment of biological structures or processes holds substantial promise for gaining insights into specific biological functions. In the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, in vitro models able to capture the precise structural, topographical, and functional complexity of living tissues, prove to be valuable tools for comprehending disease mechanisms, assessing drug responses, and serving as alternatives or complements to animal testing. The choice of the right biomaterial and fabrication technique for the development of these in vitro models plays an important role in their functionality. In this sense, elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) have emerged as an important tool for the fabrication of in vitro models overcoming the challenges encountered in natural and synthetic materials due to their intrinsic properties, such as phase transition behavior, tunable biological properties, viscoelasticity, and easy processability. In this review article, we will delve into the use of ELRs for molecular models of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs), as well as for the development of in vitro 3D models for regenerative medicine. The easy processability of the ELRs and their rational design has allowed their use for the development of spheroids and organoids, or bioinks for 3D bioprinting. Thus, incorporating ELRs into the toolkit of biomaterials used for the fabrication of in vitro models, represents a transformative step forward in improving the accuracy, efficiency, and functionality of these models, and opening up a wide range of possibilities in combination with advanced biofabrication techniques that remains to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Puertas-Bartolomé
- Technical Proteins Nanobiotechnology, S.L. (TPNBT), Valladolid, Spain
- Bioforge Lab (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER's Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Edificio LUCIA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Desiré Venegas-Bustos
- Bioforge Lab (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER's Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Edificio LUCIA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Sergio Acosta
- Bioforge Lab (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER's Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Edificio LUCIA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- Bioforge Lab (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology), CIBER's Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Edificio LUCIA, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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11
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Fu C, Wang Z, Zhou X, Hu B, Li C, Yang P. Protein-based bioactive coatings: from nanoarchitectonics to applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1514-1551. [PMID: 38167899 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Protein-based bioactive coatings have emerged as a versatile and promising strategy for enhancing the performance and biocompatibility of diverse biomedical materials and devices. Through surface modification, these coatings confer novel biofunctional attributes, rendering the material highly bioactive. Their widespread adoption across various domains in recent years underscores their importance. This review systematically elucidates the behavior of protein-based bioactive coatings in organisms and expounds on their underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, it highlights notable advancements in artificial synthesis methodologies and their functional applications in vitro. A focal point is the delineation of assembly strategies employed in crafting protein-based bioactive coatings, which provides a guide for their expansion and sustained implementation. Finally, the current trends, challenges, and future directions of protein-based bioactive coatings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zhengge Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Bowen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Chen Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Eastern HuaLan Avenue, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Polymeric Soft Matter, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
- International Joint Research Center on Functional Fiber and Soft Smart Textile, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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12
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Xue J, Gurav N, Elsharkawy S, Deb S. Hydrogel Composite Magnetic Scaffolds: Toward Cell-Free In Situ Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:168-181. [PMID: 38109842 PMCID: PMC10792668 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Reconstruction of critical sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial region continues to be clinically challenging despite the significant development of osteo-regenerative materials. Among 3D biomaterials, hydrogels and hydrogel composites have been explored for bone regeneration, however, their inferior clinical performance in comparison to autografts is mainly attributed to variable rates of degradation and lack of vascularization. In this study, we report hydrogel composite magnetic scaffolds formed from calcium carbonate, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), using PVA as matrix and calcium carbonate particles in vaterite phase as filler, to enhance the cross-linking of matrix and porosity with MNPs that can target and regulate cell signaling pathways to control cell behavior and improve the osteogenic and angiogenic potential. The physical and mechanical properties were evaluated, and cytocompatibility was investigated by culturing human osteoblast-like cells onto the scaffolds. The vaterite phase due to its higher solubility in comparison to calcium phosphates, combined with the freezing-thawing process of PVA, yielded porous scaffolds that exhibited adequate thermal stability, favorable water-absorbing capacity, excellent mineralization ability, and cytocompatibility. An increasing concentration from 1, 3, and 6 wt % MNPs in the scaffolds showed a statistically significant increase in compressive strength and modulus of the dry specimens that exhibited brittle fracture. However, the hydrated specimens were compressible and showed a slight decrease in compressive strength with 6% MNPs, although this value was higher compared to that of the scaffolds with no MNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Xue
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral
and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, United
Kingdom
| | - Neelam Gurav
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral
and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, United
Kingdom
| | - Sherif Elsharkawy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral
and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, United
Kingdom
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral
and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 9RT, United
Kingdom
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13
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Fu L, Qi C, Sun T, Huang K, Lin J, Huang P. Glucose oxidase-instructed biomineralization of calcium-based biomaterials for biomedical applications. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2023; 3:20210110. [PMID: 38264686 PMCID: PMC10742215 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, glucose oxidase (GOx) has aroused great research interest in the treatment of diseases related to abnormal glucose metabolisms like cancer and diabetes. However, as a kind of endogenous oxido-reductase, GOx suffers from poor stability and system toxicity in vivo. In order to overcome this bottleneck, GOx is encapsulated in calcium-based biomaterials (CaXs) such as calcium phosphate (CaP) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) by using it as a biotemplate to simulate the natural biomineralization process. The biomineralized GOx holds improved stability and reduced side effects, due to the excellent bioactivity, biocompatibitliy, and biodegradability of CaXs. In this review, the state-of-the-art studies on GOx-mineralized CaXs are introduced with an emphasis on their application in various biomedical fields including disease diagnosis, cancer treatment, and diabetes management. The current challenges and future perspectives of GOx-mineralized CaXs are discussed, which is expected to promote further studies on these smart GOx-mineralized CaXs biomaterials for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian‐Hua Fu
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET)School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Chao Qi
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET)School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Tuanwei Sun
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET)School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Kai Huang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET)School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Peng Huang
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET)School of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen University Medical SchoolShenzhen UniversityShenzhenChina
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14
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do Nascimento M, Dos Santos Almeida AR, Hirata MC, Elzubair A, Navarro da Rocha D, Prado da Silva MH. Biomineralization of calcium phosphates functionalized with hydroxyapatite-binding peptide. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106082. [PMID: 37619285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of calcium phosphates with biomimetic peptides is a promising strategy to increase cellular response for bone tissue repair. In this work, biphasic calcium phosphate pellets were functionalized with the hydroxyapatite-binding peptide pVTK by dropping a suspension of the peptide on the pellet surface. The bioactivity tests were performed in vitro by using McCoy culture medium. Cytotoxicity tests were also performed to assess cell viability. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy with field emission gun (FEG-SEM). The results showed that functionalization with the biomimetic peptide was most effective in inducing precipitation of bone-like apatite on the pellets surface, when compared to the control groups (two positive control groups and one negative control group). Cytotoxicity tests showed that all samples are biocompatible but the pellets with peptide showed the highest values of cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin do Nascimento
- Department of Materials Engineering-SE/8, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Amal Elzubair
- Department of Materials Engineering-SE/8, Military Institute of Engineering, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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15
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Liu J, Zhang Z, Yan Y, Zhang X, Xiao C, Chen X. Microrod crystals formed via Rhein-mediated mineralization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10169-10172. [PMID: 37534478 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02527f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a Rhein-mineralized microrod crystal (H-RMM) with an ultra-high drug loading capacity was reported for anti-inflammation. Due to a dense crystal structure, the H-RMM achieved improved biocompatibility and sustained controlled release of Rhein. Also, the Rhein nanofibers released from H-RMM were favorable to be internalized by cells, leading to enhanced anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Liu
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yu Yan
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xiaonong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Chunsheng Xiao
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Xuesi Chen
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
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16
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Shah FA. High-resolution Raman spectroscopy reveals compositional differences between pigmented incisor enamel and unpigmented molar enamel in Rattus norvegicus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12301. [PMID: 37516744 PMCID: PMC10387050 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is a peculiar biological tissue devoid of any self-renewal capacity as opposed to bone. Thus, a thorough understanding of enamel composition is essential to develop novel strategies for dental enamel repair. While the mineral found in bone and dental enamel is generally viewed as the biologically-produced equivalent of hydroxy(l)apatite, the formation of these bioapatites is controlled by different organic matrix frameworks-mainly type-I collagen in bone and amelogenin in enamel. In lower vertebrates, such as rodents, two distinct types of enamel are produced. Iron-containing pigmented enamel protects the continuously growing incisor teeth while magnesium-rich unpigmented enamel covers the molar teeth. Using high-resolution Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, this work explores the differences in acid phosphate (HPO42-), carbonate (CO32-), hydroxyl (OH-), iron, and magnesium content of pigmented incisor enamel and unpigmented molar enamel of Sprague Dawley rats. Bundles of hydroxy(l)apatite nanowires comprise the enamel prisms, where prisms in pigmented enamel are wider and longer than those in unpigmented molars. In contrast to magnesium-rich unpigmented enamel, higher mineral crystallinity, and higher HPO42- and OH- levels are hallmark features of iron-rich pigmented enamel. Furthermore, the apparent absence of iron oxides or oxy(hydroxides) indicates that iron is introduced into the apatite lattice at the expense of calcium, albeit in amounts that do not alter the Raman signatures of the PO43- internal modes. Compositional idiosyncrasies of iron-rich pigmented and nominally iron-free unpigmented enamel offer new insights into enamel biomineralisation supporting the notion that, in rodents, ameloblast function differs significantly between the incisors and the molars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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17
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Xue R, Deng X, Xu X, Tian Y, Hasan A, Mata A, Zhang L, Liu L. Elastin-like recombinamer-mediated hierarchical mineralization coatings on Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 4,16 wt%) alloy surfaces improve biocompatibility. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 151:213471. [PMID: 37201355 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The biocompatibility of biomedical materials is vital to their applicability and functionality. However, modifying surfaces for enhanced biocompatibility using traditional surface treatment techniques is challenging. We employed a mineralizing elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) self-assembling platform to mediate mineralization on Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 4,16 wt%) alloy surfaces, resulting in the modification of surface morphology and bioactivity while improving the biocompatibility of the material. We modulated the level of nanocrystal organization by adjusting the cross-linker ratio. Nanoindentation tests revealed that the mineralized configuration had nonuniformity with respect to Young's modulus and hardness, with the center areas having higher values (5.626 ± 0.109 GPa and 0.264 ± 0.022 GPa) compared to the edges (4.282 ± 0.327 GPa and 0.143 ± 0.023 GPa). The Scratch test results indicated high bonding strength (2.668 ± 0.117 N) between the mineralized coating and the substrate. Mineralized Zr-16Nb-xTi (x = 4,16 wt%) alloys had higher viability compared to untreated alloys, which exhibited high cell viability (>100 %) after 5 days and high alkaline phosphatase activity after 7 days. Cell proliferation assays indicated that MG 63 cells grew faster on mineralized surfaces than on untreated surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy imaging confirmed that the cells adhered and spread well on mineralized surfaces. Furthermore, hemocompatibility test results revealed that all mineralized samples were non-hemolytic. Our results demonstrate the viability of employing the ELR mineralizing platform to improve alloy biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renhao Xue
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Xinru Deng
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Yueyan Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Abshar Hasan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Ligang Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China.
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China.
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18
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Zhao C, Yang C, Lou Q, Yan J, Wang X, Chang J. The memory effect of micro/nano-structures activating osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:3816-3822. [PMID: 37092687 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb00337j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Degradable bioceramics such as hydroxyapatite (HA) are usually used as bone grafts due to their excellent osteoconductive ability. Recent studies have proved that decorated micro/nano-structures on HA could enhance its osteogenic capacity by directly activating osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) or by indirectly activating the osteoimmune microenvironment. However, it is still unclear whether the degradation process of HA affects the activation effect of micro/nano-structures. In this study, we first demonstrate that the enhanced osteogenic properties activated by micro/nano-structures could be memorized and continue to play a role even after the removal of micro/nano-structures. More interestingly, this topography-triggered osteogenic memory effect (TTOME) could be regulated through the stimulation time, indicating the importance of the rational maintenance of micro/nano-structures as well as the degradation process of bioceramics. These findings provide a perspective of the design of bone implants with a biodegradable surface topography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cancan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qun Lou
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
| | - Jiashu Yan
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral & Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China.
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.
- Joint Centre of Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
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Besnard C, Marie A, Sasidharan S, Harper RA, Shelton RM, Landini G, Korsunsky AM. Synchrotron X-ray Studies of the Structural and Functional Hierarchies in Mineralised Human Dental Enamel: A State-of-the-Art Review. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:98. [PMID: 37185477 PMCID: PMC10137518 DOI: 10.3390/dj11040098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hard dental tissues possess a complex hierarchical structure that is particularly evident in enamel, the most mineralised substance in the human body. Its complex and interlinked organisation at the Ångstrom (crystal lattice), nano-, micro-, and macro-scales is the result of evolutionary optimisation for mechanical and functional performance: hardness and stiffness, fracture toughness, thermal, and chemical resistance. Understanding the physical-chemical-structural relationships at each scale requires the application of appropriately sensitive and resolving probes. Synchrotron X-ray techniques offer the possibility to progress significantly beyond the capabilities of conventional laboratory instruments, i.e., X-ray diffractometers, and electron and atomic force microscopes. The last few decades have witnessed the accumulation of results obtained from X-ray scattering (diffraction), spectroscopy (including polarisation analysis), and imaging (including ptychography and tomography). The current article presents a multi-disciplinary review of nearly 40 years of discoveries and advancements, primarily pertaining to the study of enamel and its demineralisation (caries), but also linked to the investigations of other mineralised tissues such as dentine, bone, etc. The modelling approaches informed by these observations are also overviewed. The strategic aim of the present review was to identify and evaluate prospective avenues for analysing dental tissues and developing treatments and prophylaxis for improved dental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Besnard
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Ali Marie
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Sisini Sasidharan
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Robert A. Harper
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Richard M. Shelton
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Gabriel Landini
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, 5 Mill Pool Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham B5 7EG, West Midlands, UK
| | - Alexander M. Korsunsky
- MBLEM, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PJ, Oxfordshire, UK
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20
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Miserez A, Yu J, Mohammadi P. Protein-Based Biological Materials: Molecular Design and Artificial Production. Chem Rev 2023; 123:2049-2111. [PMID: 36692900 PMCID: PMC9999432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric materials produced from fossil fuels have been intimately linked to the development of industrial activities in the 20th century and, consequently, to the transformation of our way of living. While this has brought many benefits, the fabrication and disposal of these materials is bringing enormous sustainable challenges. Thus, materials that are produced in a more sustainable fashion and whose degradation products are harmless to the environment are urgently needed. Natural biopolymers─which can compete with and sometimes surpass the performance of synthetic polymers─provide a great source of inspiration. They are made of natural chemicals, under benign environmental conditions, and their degradation products are harmless. Before these materials can be synthetically replicated, it is essential to elucidate their chemical design and biofabrication. For protein-based materials, this means obtaining the complete sequences of the proteinaceous building blocks, a task that historically took decades of research. Thus, we start this review with a historical perspective on early efforts to obtain the primary sequences of load-bearing proteins, followed by the latest developments in sequencing and proteomic technologies that have greatly accelerated sequencing of extracellular proteins. Next, four main classes of protein materials are presented, namely fibrous materials, bioelastomers exhibiting high reversible deformability, hard bulk materials, and biological adhesives. In each class, we focus on the design at the primary and secondary structure levels and discuss their interplays with the mechanical response. We finally discuss earlier and the latest research to artificially produce protein-based materials using biotechnology and synthetic biology, including current developments by start-up companies to scale-up the production of proteinaceous materials in an economically viable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Miserez
- Center
for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
(NTU), Singapore637553
- School
of Biological Sciences, NTU, Singapore637551
| | - Jing Yu
- Center
for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and
Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
(NTU), Singapore637553
- Institute
for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), NTU, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore637553
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, UusimaaFI-02044, Finland
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21
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Han X, Dang M, Gao H, Lu W, Tao J, Wu J, Chen D, Zhao J, Su X, Teng Z. Hierarchically organized gold nanoparticles by lecithin-directed mineralization approach. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2022.104648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Bijle MN, Abdalla MM, Chu CH, Yiu CKY. Synbiotic-fluoride synergism on enamel remineralization, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. J Dent 2023; 128:104356. [PMID: 36370897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) The objectives of the present study were to examine the - a) enamel remineralization potential of synbiotic-fluoride (SF) therapy using a multi-species bacterial pH-cycling model; and b) cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of SF therapy extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The SF therapy group comprised of 2% arginine (Arg), 0.2% NaF, and a probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LRG). The intervention groups studied were: 1) No treatment; 2) 2% Arg; 3) 0.2% NaF; 4) LRG; 5) 2% Arg+0.2% NaF; 6) 2% Arg+LRG; 7) 0.2% NaF+LRG; and 8) 2% Arg+0.2% NaF+LRG (SF therapy). The enamel remineralization potential of SF therapy was investigated under cariogenic biofilm challenge; while the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of SF therapy extracts were examined on HGF-1 and Chinese hamster fibroblast V79, respectively. To determine the remineralization effect, the specimens were subjected to mineral density (MD) assessment using micro-CT, Ca/P molar ratio with SEM-EDX, and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) estimates. The HGF-1 proliferation assessment was quantified using MTT/CCK-8 assays with qualitative analysis by nuclei staining Hoechst-based fluorescence imaging. The genotoxicity was determined by micronuclei formation test. RESULTS Mineral gain and %remineralization derived from MD assessment for the SF therapy were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The %ΔCa/P for the SF and 2% Arg+0.2% NaF were significantly higher than the other groups (p<0.05). The SF and 2% Arg+0.2% NaF groups had the highest EFU compared to the other groups (p<0.05). No significant difference in the %viable HGF-1 cells were observed between the treatment interventions and no treatment group (p>0.05). Compared to the EMS-positive control, the micronuclei formation for all the intervention groups was significantly lower (p<0.05), with no significant difference among the treatment groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The SF therapy enhanced enamel remineralization with no biocompatibility concerns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE With the enhanced enamel remineralization potential discerned in the present study, the SF therapy can be used as a promising caries-preventive agent targeted for high caries-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nadeem Bijle
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, United Arab Emirates; Center of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Mohamed Mahmoud Abdalla
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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23
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García-Arévalo C, Quintanilla-Sierra L, Santos M, Ferrero S, Acosta S, Rodríguez-Cabello J. Impact of aromatic residues on the intrinsic disorder and transitional behaviour of model IDPs. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100400. [PMID: 36060106 PMCID: PMC9434135 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between order and disorder in intrinsically disorder proteins (IDPs), and its impact on the properties and features of materials manufactured from them, is a major challenge in the design of protein-based synthetic polymers intended for advanced functions. In this paper an elastin-like diblock co-recombinamer amphiphile (Phe-ELR) based on a hydrophobic block containing five phenylalanine (Phe) residues proximal to the carboxyl function of a glutamic acid (Glu) residue upon folding, and with Glu as the guest residue in the hydrophilic part, was engineered and its assembly behaviour compared with another amphiphilic ELR used as control. Phe-ELR was tailored in order to clarify the impact of the presence of aromatic residues in the amino acid sequence, which even in early studies by Urry's group already demonstrated a certain out-of-trend behaviour compared with other apolar amino acids, especially non-aromatic ones, on ELR behaviour. The combination of several experimental techniques indicates strong molecular interactions associated with the Phe residue, thus resulting in limited reversible character of the temperature-induced transitions during sequential thermal cycles, a lower than expected transition enthalpy, and clear differences in its supramolecular assembly with respect to the control ELR. A distinctive pre-aggregated state for the Phe-ELR under any condition of pH and temperature is found. Eventually, this state gives rise to Phe-core micelles or a solid jelly-like material, depending on the concentration, pH and presence of salts. In conclusion, it appears that the presence of aromatic residues and their ability to promote strong inter- and intramolecular interactions at any temperature and pH causes a complete modification of the order-disorder interplay present in other, non-aromatic ELRs. These molecular events have a profound impact on the physical properties of the resulting polymer when compared with other ELRs. This work helps to shed light on the limits that govern intrinsic disorder in ELRs beyond its inverse temperature transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. García-Arévalo
- GIR Bioforge, Universidad de Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belén 9, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - L. Quintanilla-Sierra
- GIR Bioforge, Universidad de Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belén 9, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M. Santos
- GIR Bioforge, Universidad de Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belén 9, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - S. Ferrero
- GIR MIOMeT, IU CINQUIMA/Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - S. Acosta
- GIR Bioforge, Universidad de Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belén 9, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
| | - J.C. Rodríguez-Cabello
- GIR Bioforge, Universidad de Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Paseo de Belén 9, 47011, Valladolid, Spain
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24
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Birjandi AA, Sharpe P. Potential of extracellular space for tissue regeneration in dentistry. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1034603. [DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1034603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the proven relationship between oral and general health and the growing aging population, it is pivotal to provide accessible therapeutic approaches to regenerate oral tissues and restore clinical function. However, despite sharing many core concepts with medicine, dentistry has fallen behind the progress in precision medicine and regenerative treatments. Stem cell therapies are a promising avenue for tissue regeneration, however, ethical, safety and cost issues may limit their clinical use. With the significance of paracrine signalling in stem cell and tissue regeneration, extracellular space comprising of the cell secretome, and the extracellular matrix can serve as a potent source for tissue regeneration. Extravesicles are secreted and naturally occurring vesicles with biologically active cargo that can be harvested from the extracellular space. These vesicles have shown great potential as disease biomarkers and can be used in regenerative medicine. As a cell free therapy, secretome and extracellular vesicles can be stored and transferred easily and pose less ethical and safety risks in clinical application. Since there are currently many reviews on the secretome and the biogenesis, characterization and function of extracellular vesicles, here we look at the therapeutic potential of extracellular space to drive oral tissue regeneration and the current state of the field in comparison to regenerative medicine.
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25
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Zhang YY, Li QL, Wong HM. Fabrication of Multilayered Biofunctional Material with an Enamel-like Structure. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13810. [PMID: 36430289 PMCID: PMC9692533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is an environment with diverse bacteria; thus, antibacterial materials are crucial for treating and preventing dental diseases. There is a high demand for materials with an enamel-like architecture because of the high failure rate of dental restorations, due to the physical differences between dental materials and enamel. However, recreating the distinctive apatite composition and hierarchical architecture of enamel is challenging. The aim of this study was to synthesize a novel material with an enamel-like structure and antibacterial ability. We established a non-cell biomimetic method of evaporation-based bottom-up self-assembly combined with a layer-by-layer technique and introduced an antibacterial agent (graphene oxide) to fabricate a biofunctional material with an enamel-like architecture and antibacterial ability. Specifically, enamel-like graphene oxide-hydroxyapatite crystals, formed on a customized mineralization template, were assembled into an enamel-like prismatic structure with a highly organized orientation preferentially along the c-axis through evaporation-based bottom-up self-assembly. With the aid of layer-by-layer absorption, we then fabricated a bulk macroscopic multilayered biofunctional material with a hierarchical enamel-like architecture. This enamel-inspired biomaterial could effectively resolve the problem in dental restoration and brings new prospects for the synthesis of other enamel-inspired biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yuan Zhang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong 000000, China
| | - Quan Li Li
- Collage and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, No. 69, Meishan Road, Heifei 230000, China
| | - Hai Ming Wong
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong 000000, China
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26
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Direct observation of heterogeneous formation of amyloid spherulites in real-time by super-resolution microscopy. Commun Biol 2022; 5:850. [PMID: 35987792 PMCID: PMC9392779 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein misfolding in the form of fibrils or spherulites is involved in a spectrum of pathological abnormalities. Our current understanding of protein aggregation mechanisms has primarily relied on the use of spectrometric methods to determine the average growth rates and diffraction-limited microscopes with low temporal resolution to observe the large-scale morphologies of intermediates. We developed a REal-time kinetics via binding and Photobleaching LOcalization Microscopy (REPLOM) super-resolution method to directly observe and quantify the existence and abundance of diverse aggregate morphologies of human insulin, below the diffraction limit and extract their heterogeneous growth kinetics. Our results revealed that even the growth of microscopically identical aggregates, e.g., amyloid spherulites, may follow distinct pathways. Specifically, spherulites do not exclusively grow isotropically but, surprisingly, may also grow anisotropically, following similar pathways as reported for minerals and polymers. Combining our technique with machine learning approaches, we associated growth rates to specific morphological transitions and provided energy barriers and the energy landscape at the level of single aggregate morphology. Our unifying framework for the detection and analysis of spherulite growth can be extended to other self-assembled systems characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, disentangling the broad spectrum of diverse morphologies at the single-molecule level. Real-time super-resolution microscopy analysis reveals the growth kinetics, morphology, and abundance of human insulin amyloid spherulites with different growth pathways.
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27
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Ge X, Zhang W, Putnis CV, Wang L. Direct observation of humic acid-promoted hydrolysis of phytate through stabilizing a conserved catalytic domain in phytase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1082-1093. [PMID: 35730733 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
As a potential phosphorus (P) pool, the enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus (Po) is of fundamental importance due to the release of bioavailable inorganic phosphate (Pi) for agronomic P sustainability. However, little is known about the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in the hydrolysis process of phytate by phytase and the subsequent chemical behaviors involving the hydrolysis product (Pi) at different soil interfaces. Here, by using liquid-cell atomic force microscopy (AFM), we present a model system to in situ quantify the nucleation kinetics of phytase-released Pi when precipitating with representative soil multivalent cations (Ca2+/Fe3+) on typical soil mineral/organic interfaces in the presence/absence of humic acid (HA), which involves complex phytase-interface-HA interactions. We observed that a higher HA concentration resulted in a faster nucleation rate of amorphous calcium/iron phosphate (ACP/AIP) on bare and organically-coated (-OH/-COOH) mica surfaces compared with the HA-free control. Besides, the nucleation rate of ACP/AIP induced by organic interfaces was much more significant than that induced by clay mineral interfaces. By combining enzyme activity/stability experiments and AFM-based PeakForce quantitative nanomechanical mapping (PF-QNM) measurements, we directly quantified the contribution of noncovalent phytase-HA interaction to the increase in enzymatic activity from complex phytase-interface-HA interactions. Furthermore, the direct complexation of phytase-HA resulted in the stabilization of a conserved active catalytic domain (ACD) in phytase through the enhanced formation of both an ordered, stereochemically-favored catalytic domain and an unordered non-catalytic domain, which was revealed by Raman secondary structure determination. The results provide direct insights into how HA regulates the catalytic activity of phytase controlling Po fates and how soil interfaces determine the behaviors of released Pi to affect its availability, and thereby contribute to P sustainability in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, Münster 48149, Germany
- School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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28
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Hasan A, Bagnol R, Owen R, Latif A, Rostam HM, Elsharkawy S, Rose FRAJ, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Ghaemmaghami AM, Eglin D, Mata A. Mineralizing Coating on 3D Printed Scaffolds for the Promotion of Osseointegration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836386. [PMID: 35832405 PMCID: PMC9271852 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and fabrication of implants that can perform better than autologous bone grafts remain an unmet challenge for the hard tissue regeneration in craniomaxillofacial applications. Here, we report an integrated approach combining additive manufacturing with supramolecular chemistry to develop acellular mineralizing 3D printed scaffolds for hard tissue regeneration. Our approach relies on an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) coating designed to trigger and guide the growth of ordered apatite on the surface of 3D printed nylon scaffolds. Three test samples including a) uncoated nylon scaffolds (referred to as "Uncoated"), b) ELR coated scaffolds (referred to as "ELR only"), and c) ELR coated and in vitro mineralized scaffolds (referred to as "Pre-mineralized") were prepared and tested for in vitro and in vivo performance. All test samples supported normal human immortalized mesenchymal stem cell adhesion, growth, and differentiation with enhanced cell proliferation observed in the "Pre-mineralized" samples. Using a rabbit calvarial in vivo model, 'Pre-mineralized' scaffolds also exhibited higher bone ingrowth into scaffold pores and cavities with higher tissue-implant integration. However, the coated scaffolds ("ELR only" and "Pre-mineralized") did not exhibit significantly more new bone formation compared to "Uncoated" scaffolds. Overall, the mineralizing coating offers an opportunity to enhance integration of 3D printed bone implants. However, there is a need to further decipher and tune their immunologic response to develop truly osteoinductive/conductive surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abshar Hasan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Romain Bagnol
- Regenerative Orthopaedics, AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Robert Owen
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Arsalan Latif
- Immunology and Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan M. Rostam
- Immunology and Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sherif Elsharkawy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Felicity R. A. J. Rose
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology and Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Eglin
- Regenerative Orthopaedics, AO Research Institute, Davos, Switzerland
- Ecole des Mines Saint-Etienne, Saint-Étienne, France
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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29
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House KL, Pan L, O'Carroll DM, Xu S. Applications of scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam milling in dental research. Eur J Oral Sci 2022; 130:e12853. [PMID: 35288994 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The abilities of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) milling for obtaining high-resolution images from top surfaces, cross-sectional surfaces, and even in three dimensions, are becoming increasingly important for imaging and analyzing tooth structures such as enamel and dentin. FIB was originally developed for material research in the semiconductor industry. However, use of SEM/FIB has been growing recently in dental research due to the versatility of dual platform instruments that can be used as a milling device to obtain low-artifact cross-sections of samples combined with high-resolution images. The advent of the SEM/FIB system and accessories may offer access to previously inaccessible length scales for characterizing tooth structures for dental research, opening exciting opportunities to address many central questions in dental research. New discoveries and fundamental breakthroughs in understanding are likely to follow. This review covers the applications, key findings, and future direction of SEM/FIB in dental research in morphology imaging, specimen preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, and three-dimensional volume imaging using SEM/FIB tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal L House
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Long Pan
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Deirdre M O'Carroll
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyou Xu
- Colgate Palmolive Company, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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30
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Yi J, Liu Q, Zhang Q, Chew TG, Ouyang H. Modular protein engineering-based biomaterials for skeletal tissue engineering. Biomaterials 2022; 282:121414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Shen MJ, Wang CY, Hao DX, Hao JX, Zhu YF, Han XX, Tonggu L, Chen JH, Jiao K, Tay FR, Niu LN. Multifunctional Nanomachinery for Enhancement of Bone Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107924. [PMID: 34850469 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The visionary idea that RNA adopts nonbiological roles in today's nanomaterial world has been nothing short of phenomenal. These RNA molecules have ample chemical functionality and self-assemble to form distinct nanostructures in response to external stimuli. They may be combined with inorganic materials to produce nanomachines that carry cargo to a target site in a controlled manner and respond dynamically to environmental changes. Comparable to biological cells, programmed RNA nanomachines have the potential to replicate bone healing in vitro. Here, an RNA-biomineral nanomachine is developed, which accomplishes intrafibrillar and extrafibrillar mineralization of collagen scaffolds to mimic bone formation in vitro. Molecular dynamics simulation indicates that noncovalent hydrogen bonding provides the energy source that initiates self-assembly of these nanomachines. Incorporation of the RNA-biomineral nanomachines into collagen scaffolds in vivo creates an osteoinductive microenvironment within a bone defect that is conducive to rapid biomineralization and osteogenesis. Addition of RNA-degrading enzymes into RNA-biomineral nanomachines further creates a stop signal that inhibits unwarranted bone formation in tissues. The potential of RNA in building functional nanostructures has been underestimated in the past. The concept of RNA-biomineral nanomachines participating in physiological processes may transform the nanoscopic world of life science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Juan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Chen-Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Dong-Xiao Hao
- Department of Applied Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Xin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yi-Fei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Lige Tonggu
- School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
| | - Ji-Hua Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Franklin R Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Li-Na Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
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Ge X, Zhang W, Putnis CV, Wang L. Molecular mechanisms for the humic acid-enhanced formation of the ordered secondary structure of a conserved catalytic domain in phytase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4493-4503. [PMID: 35113120 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the secondary structure of phytase, particularly the conserved active catalytic domain (ACD, SRHGVRAPHD) are extremely important for the varied catalytic activity during hydrolyzing phytate in the presence of humic acid (HA). However, little is known about the molecular-scale mechanisms of how HA influences the secondary structure of ACD found in phytase. First, in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) results show the secondary structure transformation of ACD from the unordered random coil to the ordered β-sheet structure after treatment with HA. Then, we use an atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) technique that can in situ directly probe the single-molecule interaction of ACD with HA and underlying changes in ACD secondary structure in the approach-retraction cycles in real time. Based on the SMFS results, we further detect the HA-enhanced formation of H-bonding between amide groups in the ACD backbone after noncovalently interacting with HA in the absence of phytate. Following the addition of phytate, the calculated contour length (Lc) and the free energies (ΔGb) of functional groups within ACD(-1/2) binding to mica/HA collectively demonstrate the formation of the organized intermediate structural state of ACD following its covalent binding to phytate. These spectroscopic and single-molecule determinations provide the molecular-scale understanding regarding the detailed mechanisms of HA-enhancement of the ordered β-sheet secondary structure of ACD through chemical functionalities in ACD noncovalently interacting with HA. Therefore, we suggest that similar studies of the interactions of other soil enzymes and plant nutrients may reveal predominant roles of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in controlling elemental cycling and fate for sustainable agriculture development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfei Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Christine V Putnis
- Institut für Mineralogie, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.,School of Molecular and Life Science, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Lijun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Chang R, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Han B, Chen F, Chen Y. Phosphorylated and Phosphonated Low-Complexity Protein Segments for Biomimetic Mineralization and Repair of Tooth Enamel. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103829. [PMID: 34978158 PMCID: PMC8867149 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic mineralization based on self-assembly has made great progress, providing bottom-up strategies for the construction of new organic-inorganic hybrid materials applied in the treatment of hard tissue defects. Herein, inspired by the cooperative effects of key components in biomineralization microenvironments, a new type of biocompatible peptide scaffold based on flexibly self-assembling low-complexity protein segments (LCPSs) containing phosphate or phosphonate groups is developed. These LCPSs can retard the transformation of amorphous calcium phosphate into hydroxyapatite (HAP), leading to merged mineralization structures. Moreover, the application of phosphonated LCPS over phosphorylated LCPS can prevent hydrolysis by phosphatases that are enriched in extracellular mineralization microenvironments. After being coated on the etched tooth enamel, these LCPSs facilitate the growth of HAP to generate new enamel layers comparable to the natural layers and mitigate the adhesion of Streptococcus mutans. In addition, they can effectively stimulate the differentiation pathways of osteoblasts. These results shed light on the potential biomedical applications of two LCPSs in hard tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Yang‐Jia Liu
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yun‐Lai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Shi‐Ying Zhang
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
| | - Bei‐Bei Han
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central LaboratoryPeking University Hospital of StomatologyBeijing100081China
| | - Yong‐Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education)Department of ChemistryTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China
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Y Baena AR, Casasco A, Monti M. Hypes and Hopes of Stem Cell Therapies in Dentistry: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:1294-1308. [PMID: 35015212 PMCID: PMC8748526 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
One of the most exciting advances in life science research is the development of 3D cell culture systems to obtain complex structures called organoids and spheroids. These 3D cultures closely mimic in vivo conditions, where cells can grow and interact with their surroundings. This allows us to better study the spatio-temporal dynamics of organogenesis and organ function. Furthermore, physiologically relevant organoids cultures can be used for basic research, medical research, and drug discovery. Although most of the research thus far focuses on the development of heart, liver, kidney, and brain organoids, to name a few, most recently, these structures were obtained using dental stem cells to study in vitro tooth regeneration. This review aims to present the most up-to-date research showing how dental stem cells can be grown on specific biomaterials to induce their differentiation in 3D. The possibility of combining engineering and biology principles to replicate and/or increase tissue function has been an emerging and exciting field in medicine. The use of this methodology in dentistry has already yielded many interesting results paving the way for the improvement of dental care and successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rodriguez Y Baena
- Program in Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California-Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA
| | - Andrea Casasco
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.,Dental & Face Center, CDI, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Monti
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Histology and Embryology Unit, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy. .,Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy.
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Tang S, Dong Z, Ke X, Luo J, Li J. Advances in biomineralization-inspired materials for hard tissue repair. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:42. [PMID: 34876550 PMCID: PMC8651686 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-021-00147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is the process by which organisms form mineralized tissues with hierarchical structures and excellent properties, including the bones and teeth in vertebrates. The underlying mechanisms and pathways of biomineralization provide inspiration for designing and constructing materials to repair hard tissues. In particular, the formation processes of minerals can be partly replicated by utilizing bioinspired artificial materials to mimic the functions of biomolecules or stabilize intermediate mineral phases involved in biomineralization. Here, we review recent advances in biomineralization-inspired materials developed for hard tissue repair. Biomineralization-inspired materials are categorized into different types based on their specific applications, which include bone repair, dentin remineralization, and enamel remineralization. Finally, the advantages and limitations of these materials are summarized, and several perspectives on future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxian Tang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Dong
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiang Ke
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jun Luo
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China.
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36
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Grohe B, Mittler S. Advanced non-fluoride approaches to dental enamel remineralization: The next level in enamel repair management. BIOMATERIALS AND BIOSYSTEMS 2021; 4:100029. [PMID: 36824571 PMCID: PMC9934497 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbiosy.2021.100029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern dentistry, a minimally invasive management of early caries lesions or early-stage erosive tooth wear (ETW) with synthetic remineralization systems has become indispensable. In addition to fluoride, which is still the non-plus-ultra in these early caries/ETW treatments, a number of new developments are in the test phase or have already been commercialized. Some of these systems claim that they are comparable or even superior to fluoride in terms of their ability to remineralize enamel. Besides, their use can help avoid some of the risks associated with fluoride and support treatments of patients with a high risk of caries. Two individual non-fluoride systems can be distinguished; intrinsic and extrinsic remineralization approaches. Intrinsic (protein/peptide) systems adsorb to hydroxyapatite crystals/organics located within enamel prisms and accumulate endogenous calcium and phosphate ions from saliva, which ultimately leads to the re-growth of enamel crystals. Extrinsic remineralization systems function on the basis of the external (non-saliva) supply of calcium and phosphate to the crystals to be re-grown. This article, following an introduction into enamel (re)mineralization and fluoride-assisted remineralization, discusses the requirements for non-fluoride remineralization systems, particularly their mechanisms and challenges, and summarizes the findings that underpin the most promising advances in enamel remineralization therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Grohe
- Lawson Health Research Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, ON, N6A 4V2 Canada
| | - Silvia Mittler
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7 Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 5B9 Canada
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37
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Exploiting the fundamentals of biological organization for the advancement of biofabrication. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:42-54. [PMID: 34798447 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The field of biofabrication continues to progress, offering higher levels of spatial control, reproducibility, and functionality. However, we remain far from recapitulating what nature has achieved. Biological systems such as tissues and organs are assembled from the bottom-up through coordinated supramolecular and cellular processes that result in their remarkable structures and functionalities. In this perspective, we propose that incorporating such biological assembling mechanisms within fabrication techniques, offers an opportunity to push the boundaries of biofabrication. We dissect these mechanisms into distinct biological organization principles (BOPs) including self-assembly, compartmentalization, diffusion-reaction, disorder-to-order transitions, and out-of-equilibrium processes. We highlight recent work demonstrating the viability and potential of these approaches to enhance scalability, reproducibility, vascularization, and biomimicry; as well as current challenges to overcome.
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38
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Danesi AL, Athanasiadou D, Mansouri A, Phen A, Neshatian M, Holcroft J, Bonde J, Ganss B, Carneiro KMM. Uniaxial Hydroxyapatite Growth on a Self-Assembled Protein Scaffold. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12343. [PMID: 34830225 PMCID: PMC8620880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineralization is a crucial process whereby organisms produce mineralized tissues such as teeth for mastication, bones for support, and shells for protection. Mineralized tissues are composed of hierarchically organized hydroxyapatite crystals, with a limited capacity to regenerate when demineralized or damaged past a critical size. Thus, the development of protein-based materials that act as artificial scaffolds to guide hydroxyapatite growth is an attractive goal both for the design of ordered nanomaterials and for tissue regeneration. In particular, amelogenin, which is the main protein that scaffolds the hierarchical organization of hydroxyapatite crystals in enamel, amelogenin recombinamers, and amelogenin-derived peptide scaffolds have all been investigated for in vitro mineral growth. Here, we describe uniaxial hydroxyapatite growth on a nanoengineered amelogenin scaffold in combination with amelotin, a mineral promoting protein present during enamel formation. This bio-inspired approach for hydroxyapatite growth may inform the molecular mechanism of hydroxyapatite formation in vitro as well as possible mechanisms at play during mineralized tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Danesi
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Dimitra Athanasiadou
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Ahmad Mansouri
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Alina Phen
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Mehrnoosh Neshatian
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - James Holcroft
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
| | - Johan Bonde
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center of Applied Life Sciences, Lund University, 223 62 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Karina M. M. Carneiro
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1G6, Canada; (A.L.D.); (D.A.); (A.M.); (A.P.); (M.N.); (J.H.); (B.G.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
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Bijle MN, Pichika MR, Mak KK, Parolia A, Babar MG, Yiu C, Daood U. Concentration-Dependent Multi-Potentiality of L-Arginine: Antimicrobial Effect, Hydroxyapatite Stability, and MMPs Inhibition. Molecules 2021; 26:6605. [PMID: 34771014 PMCID: PMC8586951 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study's objective was to examine L-arginine (L-arg) supplementation's effect on mono-species biofilm (Streptococcus mutans/Streptococcus sanguinis) growth and underlying enamel substrates. The experimental groups were 1%, 2%, and 4% arg, and 0.9% NaCl was used as the vehicle control. Sterilised enamel blocks were subjected to 7-day treatment with test solutions and S. mutans/S. sanguinis inoculum in BHI. Post-treatment, the treated biofilms stained for live/dead bacterial cells were analysed using confocal microscopy. The enamel specimens were analysed using X-ray diffraction crystallography (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The molecular interactions between arg and MMP-2/MMP-9 were determined by computational molecular docking and MMP assays. With increasing arg concentrations, bacterial survival significantly decreased (p < 0.05). The XRD peak intensity with 1%/2% arg was significantly higher than with 4% arg and the control (p < 0.05). The bands associated with the mineral phase by RS were significantly accentuated in the 1%/2% arg specimens compared to in other groups (p < 0.05). The TEM analysis revealed that 4% arg exhibited an ill-defined shape of enamel crystals. Docking of arg molecules to MMPs appears feasible, with arg inhibiting MMP-2/MMP-9 (p < 0.05). L-arginine supplementation has an antimicrobial effect on mono-species biofilm. L-arginine treatment at lower (1%/2%) concentrations exhibits enamel hydroxyapatite stability, while the molecule has the potential to inhibit MMP-2/MMP-9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Pichika
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.R.P.); (K.-K.M.)
| | - Kit-Kay Mak
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (M.R.P.); (K.-K.M.)
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Clinical Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Muneer Gohar Babar
- Children and Community Oral Health, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Cynthia Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
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Mohammadi P, Gandier JA, Wagermaier W, Miserez A, Penttilä M. Bioinspired Functionally Graded Composite Assembled Using Cellulose Nanocrystals and Genetically Engineered Proteins with Controlled Biomineralization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102658. [PMID: 34467572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nature provides unique insights into design strategies evolved by living organisms to construct robust materials with a combination of mechanical properties that are challenging to replicate synthetically. Hereby, inspired by the impact-resistant dactyl club of the stomatopod, a mineralized biocomposite is rationally designed and produced in the complex shapes of dental implant crowns exhibiting high strength, stiffness, and fracture toughness. This material consists of an expanded helicoidal organization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) mixed with genetically engineered proteins that regulate both binding to CNCs and in situ growth of reinforcing apatite crystals. Critically, the structural properties emerge from controlled self-assembly across multiple length scales regulated by rational engineering and phase separation of the protein components. This work replicates multiscale biomanufacturing of a model biological material and also offers an innovative platform to synthesize multifunctional biocomposites whose properties can be finely regulated by colloidal self-assembly and engineering of its constitutive protein building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
| | - Julie-Anne Gandier
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, Espoo, FI-16100, Finland
| | - Wolfgang Wagermaier
- Department of Biomaterials, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Ali Miserez
- Centre for Sustainable Materials (SusMat), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, 60 Nanyang Drive, NTU, Singapore, 637551, Singapore
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, VTT, Espoo, FI-02044, Finland
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Juanes-Gusano D, Santos M, Reboto V, Alonso M, Rodríguez-Cabello JC. Self-assembling systems comprising intrinsically disordered protein polymers like elastin-like recombinamers. J Pept Sci 2021; 28:e3362. [PMID: 34545666 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Despite lacking cooperatively folded structures under native conditions, numerous intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) nevertheless have great functional importance. These IDPs are hybrids containing both ordered and intrinsically disordered protein regions (IDPRs), the structure of which is highly flexible in this unfolded state. The conformational flexibility of these disordered systems favors transitions between disordered and ordered states triggered by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, folding into different dynamic molecular assemblies to enable proper protein functions. Indeed, prokaryotic enzymes present less disorder than eukaryotic enzymes, thus showing that this disorder is related to functional and structural complexity. Protein-based polymers that mimic these IDPs include the so-called elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs), which are inspired by the composition of natural elastin. Elastin-like recombinamers (ELRs) are ELPs produced using recombinant techniques and which can therefore be tailored for a specific application. One of the most widely used and studied characteristic structures in this field is the pentapeptide (VPGXG)n . The structural disorder in ELRs probably arises due to the high content of proline and glycine in the ELR backbone, because both these amino acids help to keep the polypeptide structure of elastomers disordered and hydrated. Moreover, the recombinant nature of these systems means that different sequences can be designed, including bioactive domains, to obtain specific structures for each application. Some of these structures, along with their applications as IDPs that self-assemble into functional vesicles or micelles from diblock copolymer ELRs, will be studied in the following sections. The incorporation of additional order- and disorder-promoting peptide/protein domains, such as α-helical coils or β-strands, in the ELR sequence, and their influence on self-assembly, will also be reviewed. In addition, chemically cross-linked systems with controllable order-disorder balance, and their role in biomineralization, will be discussed. Finally, we will review different multivalent IDPs-based coatings and films for different biomedical applications, such as spatially controlled cell adhesion, osseointegration, or biomaterial-associated infection (BAI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Juanes-Gusano
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology) CIBER-BBN, Edificio Lucía, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Santos
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology) CIBER-BBN, Edificio Lucía, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Virginia Reboto
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology) CIBER-BBN, Edificio Lucía, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Matilde Alonso
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology) CIBER-BBN, Edificio Lucía, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- BIOFORGE (Group for Advanced Materials and Nanobiotechnology) CIBER-BBN, Edificio Lucía, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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42
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Wong HM, Zhang YY, Li QL. An enamel-inspired bioactive material with multiscale structure and antibacterial adhesion property. Bioact Mater 2021; 7:491-503. [PMID: 34466748 PMCID: PMC8379364 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional dental materials lack of the hierarchical architecture of enamel that exhibits excellent intrinsic-extrinsic mechanical properties. Moreover, restorative failures frequently occur due to physical and chemical mismatch between artificial materials and native dental hard tissue followed by recurrent caries which is caused by sugar-fermenting, acidogenic bacteria invasion of the defective cite. In order to resolve the limitations of the conventional dental materials, the aim of this study was to establish a non-cell-based biomimetic strategy to fabricate a novel bioactive material with enamel-like structure and antibacterial adhesion property. The evaporation-based, bottom-up and self-assembly method with layer-by-layer technique were used to form a large-area fluorapatite crystal layer containing antibacterial components. The multilayered structure was constructed by hydrothermal growth of the fluorapatite crystal layer and highly conformal adsorption to the crystal surface of a polyelectrolyte matrix film. Characterization and mechanical assessment demonstrated that the synthesized bioactive material resembled the native enamel in chemical components, mechanical properties and crystallographic structure. Antibacterial and cytocompatibility evaluation demonstrated that this material had the antibacterial adhesion property and biocompatibility. In combination with the molecular dynamics simulations to reveal the effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism, this study brings new prospects for the synthesis of enamel-inspired materials. A simple chemistry approach was offered to synthesize a enamel-like material without using cells or proteins. A macroscopic bioactive material resembled the native enamel with the antibacterial adhension propery was fabricated. Combining experiments and molecular dynamics simulations revealed effects of variables on the crystallization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Ming Wong
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Yuan Zhang
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong
| | - Quan Li Li
- Collage and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, No. 69, Meishan Road, Heifei, China
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43
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Wang B, Patkar SS, Kiick KL. Application of Thermoresponsive Intrinsically Disordered Protein Polymers in Nanostructured and Microstructured Materials. Macromol Biosci 2021; 21:e2100129. [PMID: 34145967 PMCID: PMC8449816 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202100129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of inter- and intramolecular interactions between bioinspired designer molecules can be harnessed for developing functional structures that mimic the complex hierarchical organization of multicomponent assemblies observed in nature. Furthermore, such multistimuli-responsive molecules offer orthogonal tunability for generating versatile multifunctional platforms via independent biochemical and biophysical cues. In this review, the remarkable physicochemical and mechanical properties of genetically engineered protein polymers derived from intrinsically disordered proteins, specifically elastin and resilin, are discussed. This review highlights emerging technologies which use them as building blocks in the fabrication of highly programmable structured biomaterials for applications in delivery of biotherapeutic cargo and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Sai S Patkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, 161 Colburn Laboratory, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
- Delaware Biotechnology Institute, Ammon Pinizzotto Biopharmaceutical Innovation Center, 590 Avenue 1743, Newark, DE, 19713, USA
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44
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Radvar E, Griffanti G, Tsolaki E, Bertazzo S, Nazhat SN, Addison O, Mata A, Shanahan CM, Elsharkawy S. Engineered In vitro Models for Pathological Calcification: Routes Toward Mechanistic Understanding. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202100042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elham Radvar
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Gabriele Griffanti
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Sergio Bertazzo
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Showan N. Nazhat
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0C5 Canada
| | - Owen Addison
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Alvaro Mata
- School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Catherine M. Shanahan
- BHF Centre of Research Excellence Cardiovascular Division James Black Centre King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
| | - Sherif Elsharkawy
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences King's College London London SE1 1UL UK
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45
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Okesola B, Mendoza-Martinez AK, Cidonio G, Derkus B, Boccorh DK, Osuna de la Peña D, Elsharkawy S, Wu Y, Dawson JI, Wark AW, Knani D, Adams DJ, Oreffo ROC, Mata A. De Novo Design of Functional Coassembling Organic-Inorganic Hydrogels for Hierarchical Mineralization and Neovascularization. ACS NANO 2021; 15:11202-11217. [PMID: 34180656 PMCID: PMC8320236 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic nanostructured materials incorporating both organic and inorganic components offer a unique, powerful, and versatile class of materials for widespread applications due to the distinct, yet complementary, nature of the intrinsic properties of the different constituents. We report a supramolecular system based on synthetic nanoclay (Laponite, Lap) and peptide amphiphiles (PAs, PAH3) rationally designed to coassemble into nanostructured hydrogels with high structural integrity and a spectrum of bioactivities. Spectroscopic and scattering techniques and molecular dynamic simulation approaches were harnessed to confirm that PAH3 nanofibers electrostatically adsorbed and conformed to the surface of Lap nanodisks. Electron and atomic force microscopies also confirmed an increase in diameter and surface area of PAH3 nanofibers after coassembly with Lap. Dynamic oscillatory rheology revealed that the coassembled PAH3-Lap hydrogels displayed high stiffness and robust self-healing behavior while gas adsorption analysis confirmed a hierarchical and heterogeneous porosity. Furthermore, this distinctive structure within the three-dimensional (3D) matrix provided spatial confinement for the nucleation and hierarchical organization of high-aspect ratio hydroxyapatite nanorods into well-defined spherical clusters within the 3D matrix. Applicability of the organic-inorganic PAH3-Lap hydrogels was assessed in vitro using human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSCs) and ex vivo using a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. The results demonstrated that the organic-inorganic PAH3-Lap hydrogels promote human skeletal cell proliferation and, upon mineralization, integrate with the CAM, are infiltrated by blood vessels, stimulate extracellular matrix production, and facilitate extensive mineral deposition relative to the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babatunde
O. Okesola
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University
of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Ana Karen Mendoza-Martinez
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University
of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Gianluca Cidonio
- Bone
and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K.
- Center
for Life Nano- & Neuro- Science (CL2NS), Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Burak Derkus
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University
of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ankara
University, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Delali K. Boccorh
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - David Osuna de la Peña
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - Sherif Elsharkawy
- Centre for
Oral, Clinical, and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry,
Oral, and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s
College London, London SE1 1UL, U.K.
| | - Yuanhao Wu
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
| | - Jonathan I. Dawson
- Bone
and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K.
| | - Alastair W. Wark
- Department
of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Technology and Innovation Centre, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Dafna Knani
- Department
of Biotechnology Engineering, ORT Braude
College, Karmiel 2161002, Israel
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School
of Chemistry, College of Science and Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Richard O. C. Oreffo
- Bone
and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells
and Regeneration, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, U.K.
| | - Alvaro Mata
- Institute
of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University
of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Biodiscovery
Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, U.K.
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46
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Zhang F, Cheng Z, Ding C, Li J. Functional biomedical materials derived from proteins in the acquired salivary pellicle. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6507-6520. [PMID: 34304263 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01121a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the oral environment, the acquired salivary pellicle (ASP) on the tooth surface comprises proteins, glycoproteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The ASP can specifically and rapidly adsorb on the enamel surface to provide effective lubrication, protection, hydration, and remineralisation, as well as be recognised by various bacteria to form a microbial biofilm (plaque). The involved proteins, particularly various phosphoproteins such as statherins, histatins, and proline-rich proteins, are vital to their specific functions. This review first describes the relationship between the biological functions of these proteins and their structures. Subsequently, recent advances in functional biomedical materials derived from these proteins are reviewed in terms of dental/bone therapeutic materials, antibacterial materials, tissue engineering materials, and coatings for medical devices. Finally, perspectives and challenges regarding the rational design and biomedical applications of ASP-derived materials are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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47
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López Barreiro D, Minten IJ, Thies JC, Sagt CMJ. Structure-Property Relationships of Elastin-like Polypeptides: A Review of Experimental and Computational Studies. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021. [PMID: 34251181 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is a structural protein with outstanding mechanical properties (e.g., elasticity and resilience) and biologically relevant functions (e.g., triggering responses like cell adhesion or chemotaxis). It is formed from its precursor tropoelastin, a 60-72 kDa water-soluble and temperature-responsive protein that coacervates at physiological temperature, undergoing a phenomenon termed lower critical solution temperature (LCST). Inspired by this behavior, many scientists and engineers are developing recombinantly produced elastin-inspired biopolymers, usually termed elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs). These ELPs are generally comprised of repetitive motifs with the sequence VPGXG, which corresponds to repeats of a small part of the tropoelastin sequence, X being any amino acid except proline. ELPs display LCST and mechanical properties similar to tropoelastin, which renders them promising candidates for the development of elastic and stimuli-responsive protein-based materials. Unveiling the structure-property relationships of ELPs can aid in the development of these materials by establishing the connections between the ELP amino acid sequence and the macroscopic properties of the materials. Here we present a review of the structure-property relationships of ELPs and ELP-based materials, with a focus on LCST and mechanical properties and how experimental and computational studies have aided in their understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego López Barreiro
- DSM Biotechnology Center, DSM, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Inge J Minten
- DSM Materials Science Center - Applied Science Center, DSM, Urmonderbaan 22, 6160 BB, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Jens C Thies
- DSM Biomedical, DSM, Koestraat 1, 6167 RA, Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees M J Sagt
- DSM Biotechnology Center, DSM, Alexander Fleminglaan 1, 2613 AX Delft, The Netherlands
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48
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Mukherjee K, Chakraborty A, Sandhu G, Naim S, Nowotny EB, Moradian-Oldak J. Amelogenin Peptide-Chitosan Hydrogel for Biomimetic Enamel Regrowth. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2021; 2:697544. [PMID: 37900722 PMCID: PMC10611442 DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2021.697544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We designed synthetic peptides that have demonstrated an effective remineralization potential to restore incipient enamel decay. In order to develop a clinically viable approach we incorporated the amelogenin-derived peptides P26 and P32 into chitosan hydrogel and examined their efficacy in the remineralization of enamel. Peptides in chitosan exhibited increased stability in vitro as compared to peptides in solution at room temperature and at 37°C. Tooth models for enamel erosion (sections) and white spot lesions (blocks) were subject to periods of demineralization. Treatment groups were subjected to remineralization in artificial saliva in the presence of P26 and P32 in solution and in chitosan hydrogel (P26-CS and P32-CS). Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) was employed to analyze mineral density following demineralization and remineralization across all the treatment groups. Scanning electron microscopy and nanoindentation were used to characterize the surface structure and mechanical strength of regrown enamel. Control enamel sections treated in artificial saliva demonstrated randomly distributed, tiny, needle-shaped crystals with a low packing density and porosities displaying mineralization defects. In samples treated with P26-CS or P32-CS a denser coating of organized hydroxyapatite (HAP) crystals was formed covering the entire surfaces of demineralized enamel window. The hardness and modulus of enamel surfaces were increased after treatment with P26-CS and P32-CS with no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the two peptide hydrogels. Analysis of mineral density by QLF showed that in enamel sections P26 peptide alone or P26-CS significantly enhanced the remineralization. In enamel blocks P26 in solution had a better efficacy than P26-CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Mukherjee
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Garima Sandhu
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sohaib Naim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - E Bauza Nowotny
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Janet Moradian-Oldak
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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49
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Li Y, Ping H, Wei J, Zou Z, Zhang P, Xie J, Jia Y, Xie H, Wang W, Wang K, Fu Z. Bioprocess-Inspired Room-Temperature Synthesis of Enamel-like Fluorapatite/Polymer Nanocomposites Controlled by Magnesium Ions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:25260-25269. [PMID: 34018714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c04575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tooth enamel is composed of arrayed fluorapatite (FAP) or hydroxyapatite nanorods modified with Mg-rich amorphous layers. Although it is known that Mg2+ plays an important role in the formation of enamel, there is limited research on the regulatory role of Mg2+ in the synthesis of enamel-like materials. Therefore, we focus on the regulatory behavior of Mg2+ in the fabrication of biomimetic mineralized enamel-like structural materials. In the present study, we adopt a bioprocess-inspired room-temperature mineralization technique to synthesize a multilayered array of enamel-like columnar FAP/polymer nanocomposites controlled by Mg2+ (FPN-M). The results reveal that the presence of Mg2+ induced the compaction of the array and the formation of a unique Mg-rich amorphous-reinforced architecture. Therefore, the FPN-M array exhibits excellent mechanical properties. The hardness (2.42 ± 0.01 GPa) and Young's modulus (81.5 ± 0.6 GPa) of the as-prepared FPN-M array are comparable to those of its biological counterparts; furthermore, the enamel-like FPN-M array is translucent. The hardness and Young's modulus of the synthetic array of FAP/polymer nanocomposites without Mg2+ control (FPN) are 0.51 ± 0.04 and 43.5 ± 1.6 GPa, respectively. The present study demonstrates a reliable bioprocess-inspired room-temperature fabrication technique for the development of advanced high-performance composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yidi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hang Ping
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jingjiang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Pengchao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yuhang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xie
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Weimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyi Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, 122 Luoshi Road, Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
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50
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Deng X, Hasan A, Elsharkawy S, Tejeda-Montes E, Tarakina N, Greco G, Nikulina E, Stormonth-Darling J, Convery N, Rodriguez-Cabello J, Boyde A, Gadegaard N, Pugno N, Al-Jawad M, Mata A. Topographically guided hierarchical mineralization. Mater Today Bio 2021; 11:100119. [PMID: 34286238 PMCID: PMC8273417 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2021.100119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Material platforms based on interaction between organic and inorganic phases offer enormous potential to develop materials that can recreate the structural and functional properties of biological systems. However, the capability of organic-mediated mineralizing strategies to guide mineralization with spatial control remains a major limitation. Here, we report on the integration of a protein-based mineralizing matrix with surface topographies to grow spatially guided mineralized structures. We reveal how well-defined geometrical spaces defined within the organic matrix by the surface topographies can trigger subtle changes in single nanocrystal co-alignment, which are then translated to drastic changes in mineralization at the microscale and macroscale. Furthermore, through systematic modifications of the surface topographies, we demonstrate the possibility of selectively guiding the growth of hierarchically mineralized structures. We foresee that the capacity to direct the anisotropic growth of such structures would have important implications in the design of biomineralizing synthetic materials to repair or regenerate hard tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Deng
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - A. Hasan
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - S. Elsharkawy
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - N.V. Tarakina
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Potsdam-Golm Science Park, Am Mühlenberg 1 OT Golm, Potsdam, 14476, Germany
| | - G. Greco
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, 38122, Italy
| | - E. Nikulina
- CIC nanoGUNE BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, Donostia – San Sebastian, E-20018, Spain
| | | | - N. Convery
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - A. Boyde
- Oral Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - N. Gadegaard
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - N.M. Pugno
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Laboratory of Bio-Inspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, 38122, Italy
| | - M. Al-Jawad
- School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. Mata
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Institute of Bioengineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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