1
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Tournissac M, Chaigneau E, Pfister S, Aydin AK, Goulam Houssen Y, O'Herron P, Filosa J, Collot M, Joutel A, Charpak S. Neurovascular coupling and CO 2 interrogate distinct vascular regulations. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7635. [PMID: 39223128 PMCID: PMC11369082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49698-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling (NVC), which mediates rapid increases in cerebral blood flow in response to neuronal activation, is commonly used to map brain activation or dysfunction. Here we tested the reemerging hypothesis that CO2 generated by neuronal metabolism contributes to NVC. We combined functional ultrasound and two-photon imaging in the mouse barrel cortex to specifically examine the onsets of local changes in vessel diameter, blood flow dynamics, vascular/perivascular/intracellular pH, and intracellular calcium signals along the vascular arbor in response to a short and strong CO2 challenge (10 s, 20%) and whisker stimulation. We report that the brief hypercapnia reversibly acidifies all cells of the arteriole wall and the periarteriolar space 3-4 s prior to the arteriole dilation. During this prolonged lag period, NVC triggered by whisker stimulation is not affected by the acidification of the entire neurovascular unit. As it also persists under condition of continuous inflow of CO2, we conclude that CO2 is not involved in NVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tournissac
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U968, Vision Institute, Paris, France.
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France.
| | | | - Sonia Pfister
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Ali-Kemal Aydin
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U968, Vision Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Philip O'Herron
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jessica Filosa
- Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Mayeul Collot
- Chemistry of Photoresponsive Systems, Laboratoire de Chémo-Biologie Synthétique et Thérapeutique (CBST) UMR 7199, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, F-67400, Illkirch, France
| | - Anne Joutel
- Université Paris Cité, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris (IPNP), INSERM U1266, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Serge Charpak
- Sorbonne Université, Inserm U968, Vision Institute, Paris, France.
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2
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Cullen PF, Gammerdinger WJ, Sui SJH, Mazumder AG, Sun D. Transcriptional profiling of retinal astrocytes identifies a specific marker and points to functional specialization. Glia 2024; 72:1604-1628. [PMID: 38785355 PMCID: PMC11262981 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Astrocyte heterogeneity is an increasingly prominent research topic, and studies in the brain have demonstrated substantial variation in astrocyte form and function, both between and within regions. In contrast, retinal astrocytes are not well understood and remain incompletely characterized. Along with optic nerve astrocytes, they are responsible for supporting retinal ganglion cell axons and an improved understanding of their role is required. We have used a combination of microdissection and Ribotag immunoprecipitation to isolate ribosome-associated mRNA from retinal astrocytes and investigate their transcriptome, which we also compared to astrocyte populations in the optic nerve. Astrocytes from these regions are transcriptionally distinct, and we identified retina-specific astrocyte genes and pathways. Moreover, although they share much of the "classical" gene expression patterns of astrocytes, we uncovered unexpected variation, including in genes related to core astrocyte functions. We additionally identified the transcription factor Pax8 as a highly specific marker of retinal astrocytes and demonstrated that these astrocytes populate not only the retinal surface, but also the prelaminar region at the optic nerve head. These findings are likely to contribute to a revised understanding of the role of astrocytes in the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Cullen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - William J Gammerdinger
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shannan J Ho Sui
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arpan G Mazumder
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
| | - Daniel Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114 USA
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3
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Huang Z, Chen Q, Mu X, An Z, Xu Y. Elucidating the Functional Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9211. [PMID: 39273160 PMCID: PMC11394787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifaceted neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline and neuronal loss, representing a most challenging health issue. We present a computational analysis of transcriptomic data of AD tissues vs. healthy controls, focused on the elucidation of functional roles played by long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) throughout the AD progression. We first assembled our own lncRNA transcripts from the raw RNA-Seq data generated from 527 samples of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, resulting in the identification of 31,574 novel lncRNA genes. Based on co-expression analyses between mRNAs and lncRNAs, a co-expression network was constructed. Maximal subnetworks with dense connections were identified as functional clusters. Pathway enrichment analyses were conducted over mRNAs and lncRNAs in each cluster, which served as the basis for the inference of functional roles played by lncRNAs involved in each of the key steps in an AD development model that we have previously built based on transcriptomic data of protein-encoding genes. Detailed information is presented about the functional roles of lncRNAs in activities related to stress response, reprogrammed metabolism, cell polarity, and development. Our analyses also revealed that lncRNAs have the discerning power to distinguish between AD samples of each stage and healthy controls. This study represents the first of its kind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Huang
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qiufen Chen
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuechen Mu
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Mathematics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng An
- School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Ying Xu
- Systems Biology Lab for Metabolic Reprogramming, Department of Human Genetics and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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4
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Theparambil SM, Kopach O, Braga A, Nizari S, Hosford PS, Sagi-Kiss V, Hadjihambi A, Konstantinou C, Esteras N, Gutierrez Del Arroyo A, Ackland GL, Teschemacher AG, Dale N, Eckle T, Andrikopoulos P, Rusakov DA, Kasparov S, Gourine AV. Adenosine signalling to astrocytes coordinates brain metabolism and function. Nature 2024; 632:139-146. [PMID: 38961289 PMCID: PMC11291286 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07611-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Brain computation performed by billions of nerve cells relies on a sufficient and uninterrupted nutrient and oxygen supply1,2. Astrocytes, the ubiquitous glial neighbours of neurons, govern brain glucose uptake and metabolism3,4, but the exact mechanisms of metabolic coupling between neurons and astrocytes that ensure on-demand support of neuronal energy needs are not fully understood5,6. Here we show, using experimental in vitro and in vivo animal models, that neuronal activity-dependent metabolic activation of astrocytes is mediated by neuromodulator adenosine acting on astrocytic A2B receptors. Stimulation of A2B receptors recruits the canonical cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-protein kinase A signalling pathway, leading to rapid activation of astrocyte glucose metabolism and the release of lactate, which supplements the extracellular pool of readily available energy substrates. Experimental mouse models involving conditional deletion of the gene encoding A2B receptors in astrocytes showed that adenosine-mediated metabolic signalling is essential for maintaining synaptic function, especially under conditions of high energy demand or reduced energy supply. Knockdown of A2B receptor expression in astrocytes led to a major reprogramming of brain energy metabolism, prevented synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, severely impaired recognition memory and disrupted sleep. These data identify the adenosine A2B receptor as an astrocytic sensor of neuronal activity and show that cAMP signalling in astrocytes tunes brain energy metabolism to support its fundamental functions such as sleep and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefeeq M Theparambil
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Olga Kopach
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Braga
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shereen Nizari
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Patrick S Hosford
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Virag Sagi-Kiss
- Section of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research & Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christos Konstantinou
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research & Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Noemi Esteras
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ana Gutierrez Del Arroyo
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Gareth L Ackland
- Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Anja G Teschemacher
- Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicholas Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Tobias Eckle
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Petros Andrikopoulos
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sergey Kasparov
- Physiology, Pharmacology, and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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5
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Rieck J, Derst C, Veh RW. Polyamines (PAs) but not small peptides with closely spaced positively charged groups interact with DNA and RNA, but they do not represent a relevant buffer system at physiological pH values. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304658. [PMID: 39052628 PMCID: PMC11271873 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines (PAs) including putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) are small, versatile molecules with two or more positively charged amino groups. Despite their importance for almost all forms of life, their specific roles in molecular and cellular biology remain partly unknown. The molecular structures of PAs suggest two presumable biological functions: (i) as potential buffer systems and (ii) as interactants with poly-negatively charged molecules like nucleic acids. The present report focuses on the question, whether the molecular structures of PAs are essential for such functions, or whether other simple molecules like small peptides with closely spaced positively charged side chains might be suitable as well. Consequently, we created titration curves for PUT, SPD, and SPM, as well as for oligolysines like tri-, tetra-, and penta-lysine. None of the molecules provided substantial buffering capacity at physiological intracellular pH values. Apparently, the most important mechanism for intracellular pH homeostasis in neurons is not a buffer system but is provided by the actions of the sodium-hydrogen and the bicarbonate-chloride antiporters. In a similar approach we investigated the interaction with DNA by following the extinction at 260 nm when titrating DNA with the above molecules. Again, PUT and tri-lysine were not able to interact with herring sperm DNA, while SPD and SPM were. Obviously, the presence of several positively charged groups on its own is not sufficient for the interaction with nucleic acids. Instead, the precise spacing of these groups is necessary for biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Rieck
- Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Derst
- Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rüdiger W. Veh
- Institut für Zell- und Neurobiologie, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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6
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Bettamin L, Mathieu F, Marty FH, Blatche MC, Gonzalez-Dunia D, Suberbielle E, Larrieu G. Real-Time and High-Resolution Monitoring of Neuronal Electrical Activity and pH Variations Based on the Co-Integration of Nanoelectrodes and Chem-FinFETs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309055. [PMID: 38552225 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Developing new approaches amenable to the measurement of neuronal physiology in real-time is a very active field of investigation, as it will offer improved methods to assess the impact of diverse insults on neuronal homeostasis. Here, the development of an in vitro bio platform is reported which can record the electrical activity of cultured primary rat cortical neurons with extreme sensitivity, while simultaneously tracking the localized changes in the pH of the culture medium. This bio platform features passive vertical nanoprobes with ultra-high signal resolution (several mV amplitude ranges) and Chem-FinFETs (pH sensitivity of sub-0.1 pH units), covering an area as little as a neuronal soma. These multi-sensing units are arranged in an array to probe both chemically and electrically an equivalent surface of ≈ 0.5 mm2. A homemade setup is also developed which allows recording of multiplexed data in real-time (10 ps range) from the active chem-sensors and passive electrodes and which is used to operate the platform. Finally, a proof-of-concept is presented for a neuro-relevant application, by investigating the effect on neuronal activity of Amyloid beta oligomers, the main toxic peptide in Alzheimer's Disease, which reveals that exposure to amyloid beta oligomers modify the amplitude, but not the frequency, of neuronal firing, without any detectable changes in pH values along this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bettamin
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31031, France
- INFINITY, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31031, France
| | - Fabrice Mathieu
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31031, France
| | - Florent H Marty
- INFINITY, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31031, France
| | | | | | - Elsa Suberbielle
- INFINITY, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31031, France
| | - Guilhem Larrieu
- LAAS-CNRS, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, 31031, France
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7
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Theparambil SM, Begum G, Rose CR. pH regulating mechanisms of astrocytes: A critical component in physiology and disease of the brain. Cell Calcium 2024; 120:102882. [PMID: 38631162 PMCID: PMC11423562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Strict homeostatic control of pH in both intra- and extracellular compartments of the brain is fundamentally important, primarily due to the profound impact of free protons ([H+]) on neuronal activity and overall brain function. Astrocytes, crucial players in the homeostasis of various ions in the brain, actively regulate their intracellular [H+] (pHi) through multiple membrane transporters and carbonic anhydrases. The activation of astroglial pHi regulating mechanisms also leads to corresponding alterations in the acid-base status of the extracellular fluid. Notably, astrocyte pH regulators are modulated by various neuronal signals, suggesting their pivotal role in regulating brain acid-base balance in both health and disease. This review presents the mechanisms involved in pH regulation in astrocytes and discusses their potential impact on extracellular pH under physiological conditions and in brain disorders. Targeting astrocytic pH regulatory mechanisms represents a promising therapeutic approach for modulating brain acid-base balance in diseases, offering a potential critical contribution to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shefeeq M Theparambil
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, Lancaster, UK.
| | - Gulnaz Begum
- Department of Neurology, The Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Ye Q, Jo J, Wang CY, Oh H, Zhan J, Choy TJ, Kim KI, D'Alessandro A, Reshetnyak YK, Jung SY, Chen Z, Marrelli SP, Lee HK. Astrocytic Slc4a4 regulates blood-brain barrier integrity in healthy and stroke brains via a CCL2-CCR2 pathway and NO dysregulation. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114193. [PMID: 38709635 PMCID: PMC11210630 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes play vital roles in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, yet how they support BBB integrity under normal or pathological conditions remains poorly defined. Recent evidence suggests that ion homeostasis is a cellular mechanism important for BBB integrity. In the current study, we investigated the function of an astrocyte-specific pH regulator, Slc4a4, in BBB maintenance and repair. We show that astrocytic Slc4a4 is required for normal astrocyte morphological complexity and BBB function. Multi-omics analyses identified increased astrocytic secretion of CCL2 coupled with dysregulated arginine-NO metabolism after Slc4a4 deletion. Using a model of ischemic stroke, we found that loss of Slc4a4 exacerbates BBB disruption, which was rescued by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the CCL2-CCR2 pathway in vivo. Together, our study identifies the astrocytic Slc4a4-CCL2 and endothelial CCR2 axis as a mechanism controlling BBB integrity and repair, while providing insights for a therapeutic approach against BBB-related CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Juyeon Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Heavin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jiangshan Zhan
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiffany J Choy
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer and Cell Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyoung In Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 77030, USA
| | - Yana K Reshetnyak
- Physics Department, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sean P Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer and Cell Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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9
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Pandya VA, Patani R. The role of glial cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 176:381-450. [PMID: 38802179 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) has traditionally been considered a neuron-centric disease. This view is now outdated, with increasing recognition of cell autonomous and non-cell autonomous contributions of central and peripheral nervous system glia to ALS pathomechanisms. With glial research rapidly accelerating, we comprehensively interrogate the roles of astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells, Schwann cells and satellite glia in nervous system physiology and ALS-associated pathology. Moreover, we highlight the inter-glial, glial-neuronal and inter-system polylogue which constitutes the healthy nervous system and destabilises in disease. We also propose classification based on function for complex glial reactive phenotypes and discuss the pre-requisite for integrative modelling to advance translation. Given the paucity of life-enhancing therapies currently available for ALS patients, we discuss the promising potential of harnessing glia in driving ALS therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virenkumar A Pandya
- University College London Medical School, London, United Kingdom; The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Rickie Patani
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom.
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10
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Denker N, Dringen R. Modulation of Pyruvate Export and Extracellular Pyruvate Concentration in Primary Astrocyte Cultures. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1331-1346. [PMID: 38376749 PMCID: PMC10991036 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Astrocyte-derived pyruvate is considered to have neuroprotective functions. In order to investigate the processes that are involved in astrocytic pyruvate release, we used primary rat astrocyte cultures as model system. Depending on the incubation conditions and medium composition, astrocyte cultures established extracellular steady state pyruvate concentrations in the range between 150 µM and 300 µM. During incubations for up to 2 weeks in DMEM culture medium, the extracellular pyruvate concentration remained almost constant for days, while the extracellular lactate concentration increased continuously during the incubation into the millimolar concentration range as long as glucose was present. In an amino acid-free incubation buffer, glucose-fed astrocytes released pyruvate with an initial rate of around 60 nmol/(h × mg) and after around 5 h an almost constant extracellular pyruvate concentration was established that was maintained for several hours. Extracellular pyruvate accumulation was also observed, if glucose had been replaced by mannose, fructose, lactate or alanine. Glucose-fed astrocyte cultures established similar extracellular steady state concentrations of pyruvate by releasing pyruvate into pyruvate-free media or by consuming excess of extracellular pyruvate. Inhibition of the monocarboxylate transporter MCT1 by AR-C155858 lowered extracellular pyruvate accumulation, while inhibition of mitochondrial pyruvate uptake by UK5099 increased the extracellular pyruvate concentration. Finally, the presence of the uncoupler BAM15 or of the respiratory chain inhibitor antimycin A almost completely abolished extracellular pyruvate accumulation. The data presented demonstrate that cultured astrocytes establish a transient extracellular steady state concentration of pyruvate which is strongly affected by modulation of the mitochondrial pyruvate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Denker
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry) and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany
| | - Ralf Dringen
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry) and Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technologies, University of Bremen, P.O. Box 330440, 28334, Bremen, Germany.
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11
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Huber RE, Babbitt C, Peyton SR. Heterogeneity of brain extracellular matrix and astrocyte activation. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25356. [PMID: 38773875 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024]
Abstract
From the blood brain barrier to the synaptic space, astrocytes provide structural, metabolic, ionic, and extracellular matrix (ECM) support across the brain. Astrocytes include a vast array of subtypes, their phenotypes and functions varying both regionally and temporally. Astrocytes' metabolic and regulatory functions poise them to be quick and sensitive responders to injury and disease in the brain as revealed by single cell sequencing. Far less is known about the influence of the local healthy and aging microenvironments on these astrocyte activation states. In this forward-looking review, we describe the known relationship between astrocytes and their local microenvironment, the remodeling of the microenvironment during disease and injury, and postulate how they may drive astrocyte activation. We suggest technology development to better understand the dynamic diversity of astrocyte activation states, and how basal and activation states depend on the ECM microenvironment. A deeper understanding of astrocyte response to stimuli in ECM-specific contexts (brain region, age, and sex of individual), paves the way to revolutionize how the field considers astrocyte-ECM interactions in brain injury and disease and opens routes to return astrocytes to a healthy quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Huber
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Courtney Babbitt
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shelly R Peyton
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Lindquist BE. Spreading depolarizations pose critical energy challenges in acute brain injury. J Neurochem 2024; 168:868-887. [PMID: 37787065 PMCID: PMC10987398 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Spreading depolarization (SD) is an electrochemical wave of neuronal depolarization mediated by extracellular K+ and glutamate, interacting with voltage-gated and ligand-gated ion channels. SD is increasingly recognized as a major cause of injury progression in stroke and brain trauma, where the mechanisms of SD-induced neuronal injury are intimately linked to energetic status and metabolic impairment. Here, I review the established working model of SD initiation and propagation. Then, I summarize the historical and recent evidence for the metabolic impact of SD, transitioning from a descriptive to a mechanistic working model of metabolic signaling and its potential to promote neuronal survival and resilience. I quantify the energetic cost of restoring ionic gradients eroded during SD, and the extent to which ion pumping impacts high-energy phosphate pools and the energy charge of affected tissue. I link energy deficits to adaptive increases in the utilization of glucose and O2, and the resulting accumulation of lactic acid and CO2 downstream of catabolic metabolic activity. Finally, I discuss the neuromodulatory and vasoactive paracrine signaling mediated by adenosine and acidosis, highlighting these metabolites' potential to protect vulnerable tissue in the context of high-frequency SD clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta E Lindquist
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Diseases, San Francisco, California, USA
- Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, California, USA
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13
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Ye Q, Li J, Ren WJ, Zhang Y, Wang T, Rubini P, Yin HY, Illes P, Tang Y. Astrocyte activation in hindlimb somatosensory cortex contributes to electroacupuncture analgesia in acid-induced pain. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1348038. [PMID: 38633538 PMCID: PMC11021577 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1348038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have confirmed the direct relationship between extracellular acidification and the occurrence of pain. As an effective pain management approach, the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) treatment of acidification-induced pain is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to assess the analgesic effect of EA in this type of pain and to explore the underlying mechanism(s). Methods We used plantar injection of the acidified phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 6.0) to trigger thermal hyperalgesia in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats aged 6-8 weeks. The value of thermal withdrawal latency (TWL) was quantified after applying EA stimulation to the ST36 acupoint and/or chemogenetic control of astrocytes in the hindlimb somatosensory cortex. Results Both EA and chemogenetic astrocyte activation suppressed the acid-induced thermal hyperalgesia in the rat paw, whereas inhibition of astrocyte activation did not influence the hyperalgesia. At the same time, EA-induced analgesia was blocked by chemogenetic inhibition of astrocytes. Conclusion The present results suggest that EA-activated astrocytes in the hindlimb somatosensory cortex exert an analgesic effect on acid-induced pain, although these astrocytes might only moderately regulate acid-induced pain in the absence of EA. Our results imply a novel mode of action of astrocytes involved in EA analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ye
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Li
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen-Jing Ren
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Patrizia Rubini
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yin
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Peter Illes
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Rudolf Boehm Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yong Tang
- International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Health and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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14
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Edison P. Astroglial activation: Current concepts and future directions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3034-3053. [PMID: 38305570 PMCID: PMC11032537 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Astrocytes are abundantly and ubiquitously expressed cell types with diverse functions throughout the central nervous system. Astrocytes show remarkable plasticity and exhibit morphological, molecular, and functional remodeling in response to injury, disease, or infection of the central nervous system, as evident in neurodegenerative diseases. Astroglial mediated inflammation plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focus on the role of astrocytes as essential players in neuroinflammation and discuss their morphological and functional heterogeneity in the normal central nervous system and explore the spatial and temporal variations in astroglial phenotypes observed under different disease conditions. This review discusses the intimate relationship of astrocytes to pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, this review considers the putative therapeutic strategies that can be deployed to modulate the astroglial functions in neurodegenerative diseases. HIGHLIGHTS: Astroglia mediated neuroinflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Activated astrocytes exhibit diverse phenotypes in a region-specific manner in brain and interact with β-amyloid, tau, and α-synuclein species as well as with microglia and neuronal circuits. Activated astrocytes are likely to influence the trajectory of disease progression of neurodegenerative diseases, as determined by the stage of disease, individual susceptibility, and state of astroglial priming. Modulation of astroglial activation may be a therapeutic strategy at various stages in the trajectory of neurodegenerative diseases to modify the disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Edison
- Division of NeurologyDepartment of Brain SciencesFaculty of Medicine, Imperial College LondonLondonUK
- Division of Psychological medicine and clinical neurosciencesSchool of Medicine, Cardiff UniversityWalesUK
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15
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Holmberg SR, Sakamoto Y, Kato A, Romero MF. The role of Na +-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBT) in health and disease. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:479-503. [PMID: 38536494 PMCID: PMC11338471 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02937-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cellular and organism survival depends upon the regulation of pH, which is regulated by highly specialized cell membrane transporters, the solute carriers (SLC) (For a comprehensive list of the solute carrier family members, see: https://www.bioparadigms.org/slc/ ). The SLC4 family of bicarbonate (HCO3-) transporters consists of ten members, sorted by their coupling to either sodium (NBCe1, NBCe2, NBCn1, NBCn2, NDCBE), chloride (AE1, AE2, AE3), or borate (BTR1). The ionic coupling of SLC4A9 (AE4) remains controversial. These SLC4 bicarbonate transporters may be controlled by cellular ionic gradients, cellular membrane voltage, and signaling molecules to maintain critical cellular and systemic pH (acid-base) balance. There are profound consequences when blood pH deviates even a small amount outside the normal range (7.35-7.45). Chiefly, Na+-coupled bicarbonate transporters (NCBT) control intracellular pH in nearly every living cell, maintaining the biological pH required for life. Additionally, NCBTs have important roles to regulate cell volume and maintain salt balance as well as absorption and secretion of acid-base equivalents. Due to their varied tissue expression, NCBTs have roles in pathophysiology, which become apparent in physiologic responses when their expression is reduced or genetically deleted. Variations in physiological pH are seen in a wide variety of conditions, from canonically acid-base related conditions to pathologies not necessarily associated with acid-base dysfunction such as cancer, glaucoma, or various neurological diseases. The membranous location of the SLC4 transporters as well as recent advances in discovering their structural biology makes them accessible and attractive as a druggable target in a disease context. The role of sodium-coupled bicarbonate transporters in such a large array of conditions illustrates the potential of treating a wide range of disease states by modifying function of these transporters, whether that be through inhibition or enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon R Holmberg
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yohei Sakamoto
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Akira Kato
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midori-Ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Michael F Romero
- Physiology & Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
- Nephrology & Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine & Science, 200 1st Street SW, Rochester, MN, USA.
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16
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Hagihara H, Shoji H, Hattori S, Sala G, Takamiya Y, Tanaka M, Ihara M, Shibutani M, Hatada I, Hori K, Hoshino M, Nakao A, Mori Y, Okabe S, Matsushita M, Urbach A, Katayama Y, Matsumoto A, Nakayama KI, Katori S, Sato T, Iwasato T, Nakamura H, Goshima Y, Raveau M, Tatsukawa T, Yamakawa K, Takahashi N, Kasai H, Inazawa J, Nobuhisa I, Kagawa T, Taga T, Darwish M, Nishizono H, Takao K, Sapkota K, Nakazawa K, Takagi T, Fujisawa H, Sugimura Y, Yamanishi K, Rajagopal L, Hannah ND, Meltzer HY, Yamamoto T, Wakatsuki S, Araki T, Tabuchi K, Numakawa T, Kunugi H, Huang FL, Hayata-Takano A, Hashimoto H, Tamada K, Takumi T, Kasahara T, Kato T, Graef IA, Crabtree GR, Asaoka N, Hatakama H, Kaneko S, Kohno T, Hattori M, Hoshiba Y, Miyake R, Obi-Nagata K, Hayashi-Takagi A, Becker LJ, Yalcin I, Hagino Y, Kotajima-Murakami H, Moriya Y, Ikeda K, Kim H, Kaang BK, Otabi H, Yoshida Y, Toyoda A, Komiyama NH, Grant SGN, Ida-Eto M, Narita M, Matsumoto KI, Okuda-Ashitaka E, Ohmori I, Shimada T, Yamagata K, Ageta H, Tsuchida K, Inokuchi K, Sassa T, Kihara A, Fukasawa M, Usuda N, Katano T, Tanaka T, Yoshihara Y, Igarashi M, Hayashi T, Ishikawa K, Yamamoto S, Nishimura N, Nakada K, Hirotsune S, Egawa K, Higashisaka K, Tsutsumi Y, Nishihara S, Sugo N, Yagi T, Ueno N, Yamamoto T, Kubo Y, Ohashi R, Shiina N, Shimizu K, Higo-Yamamoto S, Oishi K, Mori H, Furuse T, Tamura M, Shirakawa H, Sato DX, Inoue YU, Inoue T, Komine Y, Yamamori T, Sakimura K, Miyakawa T. Large-scale animal model study uncovers altered brain pH and lactate levels as a transdiagnostic endophenotype of neuropsychiatric disorders involving cognitive impairment. eLife 2024; 12:RP89376. [PMID: 38529532 PMCID: PMC10965225 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased levels of lactate, an end-product of glycolysis, have been proposed as a potential surrogate marker for metabolic changes during neuronal excitation. These changes in lactate levels can result in decreased brain pH, which has been implicated in patients with various neuropsychiatric disorders. We previously demonstrated that such alterations are commonly observed in five mouse models of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and autism, suggesting a shared endophenotype among these disorders rather than mere artifacts due to medications or agonal state. However, there is still limited research on this phenomenon in animal models, leaving its generality across other disease animal models uncertain. Moreover, the association between changes in brain lactate levels and specific behavioral abnormalities remains unclear. To address these gaps, the International Brain pH Project Consortium investigated brain pH and lactate levels in 109 strains/conditions of 2294 animals with genetic and other experimental manipulations relevant to neuropsychiatric disorders. Systematic analysis revealed that decreased brain pH and increased lactate levels were common features observed in multiple models of depression, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and some additional schizophrenia models. While certain autism models also exhibited decreased pH and increased lactate levels, others showed the opposite pattern, potentially reflecting subpopulations within the autism spectrum. Furthermore, utilizing large-scale behavioral test battery, a multivariate cross-validated prediction analysis demonstrated that poor working memory performance was predominantly associated with increased brain lactate levels. Importantly, this association was confirmed in an independent cohort of animal models. Collectively, these findings suggest that altered brain pH and lactate levels, which could be attributed to dysregulated excitation/inhibition balance, may serve as transdiagnostic endophenotypes of debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by cognitive impairment, irrespective of their beneficial or detrimental nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Hagihara
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Hirotaka Shoji
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Giovanni Sala
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Takamiya
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Mika Tanaka
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
| | - Mihiro Shibutani
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Kei Hori
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Mikio Hoshino
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Akito Nakao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yasuo Mori
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shigeo Okabe
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masayuki Matsushita
- Department of Molecular Cellular Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the RyukyusNishiharaJapan
| | - Anja Urbach
- Department of Neurology, Jena University HospitalJenaGermany
| | - Yuta Katayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Keiichi I Nakayama
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Kyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shota Katori
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of GeneticsMishimaJapan
| | - Haruko Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Yoshio Goshima
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Neurobiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Matthieu Raveau
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Tatsukawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamakawa
- Laboratory for Neurogenetics, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of Neurodevelopmental Disorder Genetics, Institute of Brain Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical SciencesNagoyaJapan
| | - Noriko Takahashi
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Physiology, Kitasato University School of MedicineSagamiharaJapan
| | - Haruo Kasai
- Laboratory of Structural Physiology, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI-IRCN), UTIAS, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Johji Inazawa
- Research Core, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Ikuo Nobuhisa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsushi Kagawa
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tetsuya Taga
- Department of Stem Cell Regulation, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Mohamed Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo UniversityCairoEgypt
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | | | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Kiran Sapkota
- Department of Neuroscience, Southern ResearchBirminghamUnited States
| | | | - Tsuyoshi Takagi
- Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability CenterKasugaiJapan
| | - Haruki Fujisawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Yoshihisa Sugimura
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Kyosuke Yamanishi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Hyogo Medical University School of MedicineNishinomiyaJapan
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Nanette Deneen Hannah
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Herbert Y Meltzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoUnited States
| | - Tohru Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagawa UniversityKita-gunJapan
| | - Shuji Wakatsuki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Toshiyuki Araki
- Department of Peripheral Nervous System Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of MedicineMatsumotoJapan
| | - Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Freesia L Huang
- Program of Developmental Neurobiology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Atsuko Hayata-Takano
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of FukuiSuitaJapan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of FukuiSuitaJapan
- Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
- Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Kota Tamada
- RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWakoJapan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Toru Takumi
- RIKEN Brain Science InstituteWakoJapan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Kobe University School of MedicineKobeJapan
| | - Takaoki Kasahara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of OldenburgOldenburgGermany
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Isabella A Graef
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Gerald R Crabtree
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Nozomi Asaoka
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyoto Prefectural University of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Hikari Hatakama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Takao Kohno
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Mitsuharu Hattori
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yoshio Hoshiba
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
| | - Ryuhei Miyake
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Kisho Obi-Nagata
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Akiko Hayashi-Takagi
- Laboratory of Medical Neuroscience, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma UniversityMaebashiJapan
- Laboratory for Multi-scale Biological Psychiatry, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Léa J Becker
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Ipek Yalcin
- Institut des Neurosciences Cellulaires et Intégratives, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Yoko Hagino
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | | | - Yuki Moriya
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Hyopil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Bong-Kiun Kaang
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science (IBS)DaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Hikari Otabi
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityAmiJapan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuJapan
| | - Yuta Yoshida
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityAmiJapan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- College of Agriculture, Ibaraki UniversityAmiJapan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyFuchuJapan
- Ibaraki University Cooperation between Agriculture and Medical Science (IUCAM)IbarakiJapan
| | - Noboru H Komiyama
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Seth GN Grant
- Genes to Cognition Program, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
- Simons Initiative for the Developing Brain, Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of EdinburghEdinburghUnited Kingdom
| | - Michiru Ida-Eto
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Masaaki Narita
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Mie University, Graduate School of MedicineTsuJapan
| | - Ken-ichi Matsumoto
- Department of Biosignaling and Radioisotope Experiment, Interdisciplinary Center for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane UniversityIzumoJapan
| | | | - Iori Ohmori
- Department of Physiology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical SciencesOkayamaJapan
| | - Tadayuki Shimada
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Kanato Yamagata
- Child Brain Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Ageta
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Division for Therapies Against Intractable Diseases, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
| | - Kaoru Inokuchi
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Takayuki Sassa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Akio Kihara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Motoaki Fukasawa
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Nobuteru Usuda
- Department of Anatomy II, Fujita Health University School of MedicineToyoakeJapan
| | - Tayo Katano
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical UniversityHirakataJapan
| | - Teruyuki Tanaka
- Department of Developmental Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Systems Molecular Ethology, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Michihiro Igarashi
- Department of Neurochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, and Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
- Transdiciplinary Research Program, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Takashi Hayashi
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Kaori Ishikawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Satoshi Yamamoto
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, LtdFujisawaJapan
| | - Naoya Nishimura
- Integrated Technology Research Laboratories, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company, LtdFujisawaJapan
| | - Kazuto Nakada
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka City University Graduate School of MedicineOsakaJapan
| | - Kiyoshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of MedicineSapporoJapan
| | - Kazuma Higashisaka
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Yasuo Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Safety Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Shoko Nishihara
- Glycan & Life Systems Integration Center (GaLSIC), Soka UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Noriyuki Sugo
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Takeshi Yagi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversitySuitaJapan
| | - Naoto Ueno
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Tomomi Yamamoto
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubo
- Division of Biophysics and Neurobiology, National Institute for Physiological SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Rie Ohashi
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies)OkazakiJapan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Nobuyuki Shiina
- Laboratory of Neuronal Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University for Advanced Studies)OkazakiJapan
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural SciencesOkazakiJapan
| | - Kimiko Shimizu
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)TsukubaJapan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of ScienceNodaJapan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of TokyoKashiwaJapan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Hisashi Mori
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of ToyamaToyamaJapan
| | - Tamio Furuse
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC)TsukubaJapan
| | - Masaru Tamura
- Mouse Phenotype Analysis Division, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC)TsukubaJapan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Daiki X Sato
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Yukiko U Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Takayoshi Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryKodairaJapan
| | - Yuriko Komine
- Young Researcher Support Group, Research Enhancement Strategy Office, National Institute for Basic Biology, National Institute of Natural SciencesOkazakiJapan
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
| | - Tetsuo Yamamori
- Division of Brain Biology, National Institute for Basic BiologyOkazakiJapan
- Laboratory for Molecular Analysis of Higher Brain Function, RIKEN Center for Brain ScienceWakoJapan
| | - Kenji Sakimura
- Department of Cellular Neurobiology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
- Department of Animal Model Development, Brain Research Institute, Niigata UniversityNiigataJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Medical Science, Fujita Health UniversityToyoakeJapan
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17
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Song S, Oft H, Metwally S, Paruchuri S, Bielanin J, Fiesler V, Sneiderman C, Kohanbash G, Sun D. Deletion of Slc9a1 in Cx3cr1 + cells stimulated microglial subcluster CREB1 signaling and microglia-oligodendrocyte crosstalk. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:69. [PMID: 38509618 PMCID: PMC10953158 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03065-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglial Na/H exchanger-1 (NHE1) protein, encoded by Slc9a1, plays a role in white matter demyelination of ischemic stroke brains. To explore underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell RNA-seq transcriptome analysis in conditional Slc9a1 knockout (cKO) and wild-type (WT) mouse white matter tissues at 3 days post-stroke. Compared to WT, Nhe1 cKO brains expanded a microglial subgroup with elevated transcription of white matter myelination genes including Spp1, Lgals3, Gpnmb, and Fabp5. This subgroup also exhibited more acidic pHi and significantly upregulated CREB signaling detected by ingenuity pathway analysis and flow cytometry. Moreover, the Nhe1 cKO white matter tissues showed enrichment of a corresponding oligodendrocyte subgroup, with pro-phagocytosis and lactate shuffling gene expression, where activated CREB signaling is a likely upstream regulator. These findings demonstrate that attenuation of NHE1-mediated H+ extrusion acidifies microglia/macrophage and may underlie the stimulation of CREB1 signaling, giving rise to restorative microglia-oligodendrocyte interactions for remyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Song
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
| | - Helena Oft
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shamseldin Metwally
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Satya Paruchuri
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John Bielanin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Victoria Fiesler
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Chaim Sneiderman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gary Kohanbash
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Dandan Sun
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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18
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Zhu J, Chen R, Feng Q, Huang C, Huang F, Du J, Wang J, Zhan X. Mechanistic insights into auxin-enhancing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by wheat roots: Evidence from in situ intracellular pH and root-surface H + flux. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133077. [PMID: 38035525 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a group of extremely carcinogenic organic pollutants. Our previous findings have demonstrated that plant roots actively take up PAHs through co-transport with H+ ions. Auxin serves as a pivotal regulator of plant growth and development. However, it remains unclear whether the hormone can enhance the uptake of PAHs by plant roots. Hence, the wheat root exposed to PAHs with/without auxins was set to investigate how the auxin promotes the PAHs uptake by roots. In our study, auxin could significantly enhance the uptake of PAHs after 4 h of exposure. After the addition of auxin, the root tissue cytoplasmic pH value was decreased and the H+ influx was observed, indicating that the extracellular space was alkalinized in a short time. The increased H+ influx rate enhanced the uptake of PAHs. In addition, the H+-ATPase activity was also increased, suggesting that auxin activated two distinct and antagonistic H+ flux pathways, and the H+ influx pathway was dominant. Our findings offer important information for exploring the mechanism underlying auxin regulation of PAHs uptake and the phytoremediation of PAH-contaminated soil and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Zhu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiurun Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghao Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiani Du
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhan
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Pietrobon D, Conti F. Astrocytic Na +, K + ATPases in physiology and pathophysiology. Cell Calcium 2024; 118:102851. [PMID: 38308916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2024.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
The Na+, K+ ATPases play a fundamental role in the homeostatic functions of astrocytes. After a brief historic prologue and discussion of the subunit composition and localization of the astrocytic Na+, K+ ATPases, the review focuses on the role of the astrocytic Na+, K+ pumps in extracellular K+ and glutamate homeostasis, intracellular Na+ and Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling, regulation of synaptic transmission and neurometabolic coupling between astrocytes and neurons. Loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding the astrocytic α2 Na+, K+ ATPase cause a rare monogenic form of migraine with aura (familial hemiplegic migraine type 2). On the other hand, the α2 Na+, K+ ATPase is upregulated in spinal cord and brain samples from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer disease patients, respectively. In the last part, the review focuses on i) the migraine relevant phenotypes shown by familial hemiplegic migraine type 2 knock-in mice with 50 % reduced expression of the astrocytic α2 Na+, K+ ATPase and the insights into the pathophysiology of migraine obtained from these genetic mouse models, and ii) the evidence that upregulation of the astrocytic α2 Na+, K+ ATPase in mouse models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Alzheimer disease promotes neuroinflammation and contributes to progressive neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pietrobon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padova, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Fiorenzo Conti
- Section of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy; Center for Neurobiology of Aging, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy.
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20
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Nohesara S, Abdolmaleky HM, Thiagalingam S. Potential for New Therapeutic Approaches by Targeting Lactate and pH Mediated Epigenetic Dysregulation in Major Mental Diseases. Biomedicines 2024; 12:457. [PMID: 38398057 PMCID: PMC10887322 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence have shown that lactate-mediated pH alterations in the brains of patients with neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia (SCZ), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and autism may be attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and changes in energy metabolism. While neuronal activity is associated with reduction in brain pH, astrocytes are responsible for rebalancing the pH to maintain the equilibrium. As lactate level is the main determinant of brain pH, neuronal activities are impacted by pH changes due to the binding of protons (H+) to various types of proteins, altering their structure and function in the neuronal and non-neuronal cells of the brain. Lactate and pH could affect diverse types of epigenetic modifications, including histone lactylation, which is linked to histone acetylation and DNA methylation. In this review, we discuss the importance of pH homeostasis in normal brain function, the role of lactate as an essential epigenetic regulatory molecule and its contributions to brain pH abnormalities in neuropsychiatric diseases, and shed light on lactate-based and pH-modulating therapies in neuropsychiatric diseases by targeting epigenetic modifications. In conclusion, we attempt to highlight the potentials and challenges of translating lactate-pH-modulating therapies to clinics for the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Nohesara
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Hamid Mostafavi Abdolmaleky
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Nutrition/Metabolism Laboratory, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sam Thiagalingam
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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21
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Kim OY, Song J. Important roles of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid in regulating cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric issues in metabolic-related dementia. Life Sci 2024; 337:122356. [PMID: 38123015 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is characterized by insulin resistance, high blood glucose, obesity, and dyslipidemia, is known to increase the risk of dementia accompanied by memory loss and depression. The direct pathways and specific mechanisms in the central nervous system (CNS) for addressing fatty acid imbalances in MetS have not yet been fully elucidated. Among polyunsaturated acids, linoleic acid (LA, n6-PUFA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA, n3-PUFA), which are two essential fatty acids that should be provided by food sources (e.g., vegetable oils and seeds), have been reported to regulate various cellular mechanisms including apoptosis, inflammatory responses, mitochondrial biogenesis, and insulin signaling. Furthermore, inadequate intake of LA and ALA is reported to be involved in neuropathology and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as imbalanced metabolic conditions. Herein, we review the roles of LA and ALA on metabolic-related dementia focusing on insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, synaptic plasticity, cognitive function, and neuropsychiatric issues. This review suggests that LA and ALA are important fatty acids for concurrent treatment of both MetS and neurological problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh Yoen Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong A University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Czyżewski W, Mazurek M, Sakwa L, Szymoniuk M, Pham J, Pasierb B, Litak J, Czyżewska E, Turek M, Piotrowski B, Torres K, Rola R. Astroglial Cells: Emerging Therapeutic Targets in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury. Cells 2024; 13:148. [PMID: 38247839 PMCID: PMC10813911 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) represents a significant health concern, necessitating advanced therapeutic interventions. This detailed review explores the critical roles of astrocytes, key cellular constituents of the central nervous system (CNS), in both the pathophysiology and possible rehabilitation of TBI. Following injury, astrocytes exhibit reactive transformations, differentiating into pro-inflammatory (A1) and neuroprotective (A2) phenotypes. This paper elucidates the interactions of astrocytes with neurons, their role in neuroinflammation, and the potential for their therapeutic exploitation. Emphasized strategies encompass the utilization of endocannabinoid and calcium signaling pathways, hormone-based treatments like 17β-estradiol, biological therapies employing anti-HBGB1 monoclonal antibodies, gene therapy targeting Connexin 43, and the innovative technique of astrocyte transplantation as a means to repair damaged neural tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Czyżewski
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Marek Mazurek
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
| | - Leon Sakwa
- Student Scientific Society, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Szymoniuk
- Student Scientific Association, Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Jennifer Pham
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Barbara Pasierb
- Department of Dermatology, Radom Specialist Hospital, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Jakub Litak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Czyżewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Mazovian Specialist Hospital, 26-617 Radom, Poland;
| | - Michał Turek
- Student Scientific Society, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (J.P.); (M.T.)
| | - Bartłomiej Piotrowski
- Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Torres
- Department of Didactics and Medical Simulation, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Radosław Rola
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatric Neurosurgery, Medical University of Lublin, 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.); (R.R.)
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23
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Rose CR, Verkhratsky A. Sodium homeostasis and signalling: The core and the hub of astrocyte function. Cell Calcium 2024; 117:102817. [PMID: 37979342 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2023.102817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal activity and neurochemical stimulation trigger spatio-temporal changes in the cytoplasmic concentration of Na+ ions in astrocytes. These changes constitute the substrate for Na+ signalling and are fundamental for astrocytic excitability. Astrocytic Na+ signals are generated by Na+ influx through neurotransmitter transporters, with primary contribution of glutamate transporters, and through cationic channels; whereas recovery from Na+ transients is mediated mainly by the plasmalemmal Na+/K+ ATPase. Astrocytic Na+ signals regulate the activity of plasmalemmal transporters critical for homeostatic function of astrocytes, thus providing real-time coordination between neuronal activity and astrocytic support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Alexej Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, United Kingdom; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain; Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; International Collaborative Center on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signaling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT-01102, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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24
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Christie IN, Theparambil SM, Braga A, Doronin M, Hosford PS, Brazhe A, Mascarenhas A, Nizari S, Hadjihambi A, Wells JA, Hobbs A, Semyanov A, Abramov AY, Angelova PR, Gourine AV. Astrocytes produce nitric oxide via nitrite reduction in mitochondria to regulate cerebral blood flow during brain hypoxia. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113514. [PMID: 38041814 PMCID: PMC7615749 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During hypoxia, increases in cerebral blood flow maintain brain oxygen delivery. Here, we describe a mechanism of brain oxygen sensing that mediates the dilation of intraparenchymal cerebral blood vessels in response to reductions in oxygen supply. In vitro and in vivo experiments conducted in rodent models show that during hypoxia, cortical astrocytes produce the potent vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) via nitrite reduction in mitochondria. Inhibition of mitochondrial respiration mimics, but also occludes, the effect of hypoxia on NO production in astrocytes. Astrocytes display high expression of the molybdenum-cofactor-containing mitochondrial enzyme sulfite oxidase, which can catalyze nitrite reduction in hypoxia. Replacement of molybdenum with tungsten or knockdown of sulfite oxidase expression in astrocytes blocks hypoxia-induced NO production by these glial cells and reduces the cerebrovascular response to hypoxia. These data identify astrocyte mitochondria as brain oxygen sensors that regulate cerebral blood flow during hypoxia via release of nitric oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel N Christie
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shefeeq M Theparambil
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Alice Braga
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Maxim Doronin
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Patrick S Hosford
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Alexey Brazhe
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation; Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Mascarenhas
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Shereen Nizari
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology, Foundation for Liver Research, and Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9NT, UK
| | - Jack A Wells
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Adrian Hobbs
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Alexey Semyanov
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China; Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey Y Abramov
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Plamena R Angelova
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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25
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Everaerts K, Thapaliya P, Pape N, Durry S, Eitelmann S, Roussa E, Ullah G, Rose CR. Inward Operation of Sodium-Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1 Promotes Astrocytic Na + Loading and Loss of ATP in Mouse Neocortex during Brief Chemical Ischemia. Cells 2023; 12:2675. [PMID: 38067105 PMCID: PMC10705779 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic conditions cause an increase in the sodium concentration of astrocytes, driving the breakdown of ionic homeostasis and exacerbating cellular damage. Astrocytes express high levels of the electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter1 (NBCe1), which couples intracellular Na+ homeostasis to regulation of pH and operates close to its reversal potential under physiological conditions. Here, we analyzed its mode of operation during transient energy deprivation via imaging astrocytic pH, Na+, and ATP in organotypic slice cultures of the mouse neocortex, complemented with patch-clamp and ion-selective microelectrode recordings and computational modeling. We found that a 2 min period of metabolic failure resulted in a transient acidosis accompanied by a Na+ increase in astrocytes. Inhibition of NBCe1 increased the acidosis while decreasing the Na+ load. Similar results were obtained when comparing ion changes in wild-type and Nbce1-deficient mice. Mathematical modeling replicated these findings and further predicted that NBCe1 activation contributes to the loss of cellular ATP under ischemic conditions, a result confirmed experimentally using FRET-based imaging of ATP. Altogether, our data demonstrate that transient energy failure stimulates the inward operation of NBCe1 in astrocytes. This causes a significant amelioration of ischemia-induced astrocytic acidification, albeit at the expense of increased Na+ influx and a decline in cellular ATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Everaerts
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Pawan Thapaliya
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.T.); (G.U.)
| | - Nils Pape
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Simone Durry
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Sara Eitelmann
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 17, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ghanim Ullah
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA; (P.T.); (G.U.)
| | - Christine R. Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (K.E.); (N.P.); (S.D.); (S.E.)
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Kim RD, Marchildon AE, Frazel PW, Hasel P, Guo AX, Liddelow SA. Temporal and spatial analysis of astrocytes following stroke identifies novel drivers of reactivity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.12.566710. [PMID: 38014211 PMCID: PMC10680590 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.12.566710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes undergo robust gene expression changes in response to a variety of perturbations, including ischemic injury. How these transitions are affected by time, and how heterogeneous and spatially distinct various reactive astrocyte populations are, remain unclear. To address these questions, we performed spatial transcriptomics as well as single nucleus RNAseq of ∼138,000 mouse forebrain astrocytes at 1, 3, and 14 days after ischemic injury. We observed a widespread and temporally diverse response across many astrocyte subtypes. We identified astrocyte clusters unique in injury, including a transiently proliferative substate that may be BRCA1-dependent. We also found an interferon-responsive population that rapidly expands to the perilesion cortex at 1 day and persists up to 14 days post stroke. These lowly abundant, spatially restricted populations are likely functionally important in post-injury stabilization and resolution. These datasets offer valuable insights into injury-induced reactive astrocyte heterogeneity and can be used to guide functional interrogation of biologically meaningful reactive astrocyte substates to understand their pro- and anti-reparative functions following acute injuries such as stroke.
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Pethe A, Hamze M, Giannaki M, Heimrich B, Medina I, Hartmann AM, Roussa E. K +/Cl - cotransporter 2 (KCC2) and Na +/ HCO3- cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) interaction modulates profile of KCC2 phosphorylation. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1253424. [PMID: 37881493 PMCID: PMC10595033 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1253424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
K+/Cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is a major Cl- extruder in mature neurons and is responsible for the establishment of low intracellular [Cl-], necessary for fast hyperpolarizing GABAA-receptor mediated synaptic inhibition. Electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) is a pH regulatory protein expressed in neurons and glial cells. An interactome study identified NBCe1 as a possible interaction partner of KCC2. In this study, we investigated the putative effect of KCC2/NBCe1 interaction in baseline and the stimulus-induced phosphorylation pattern and function of KCC2. Primary mouse hippocampal neuronal cultures from wildtype (WT) and Nbce1-deficient mice, as well as HEK-293 cells stably transfected with KCC2WT, were used. The results show that KCC2 and NBCe1 are interaction partners in the mouse brain. In HEKKCC2 cells, pharmacological inhibition of NBCs with S0859 prevented staurosporine- and 4-aminopyridine (4AP)-induced KCC2 activation. In mature cultures of hippocampal neurons, however, S0859 completely inhibited postsynaptic GABAAR and, thus, could not be used as a tool to investigate the role of NBCs in GABA-dependent neuronal networks. In Nbce1-deficient immature hippocampal neurons, baseline phosphorylation of KCC2 at S940 was downregulated, compared to WT, and exposure to staurosporine failed to reduce pKCC2 S940 and T1007. In Nbce1-deficient mature neurons, baseline levels of pKCC2 S940 and T1007 were upregulated compared to WT, whereas after 4AP treatment, pKCC2 S940 was downregulated, and pKCC2 T1007 was further upregulated. Functional experiments showed that the levels of GABAAR reversal potential, baseline intracellular [Cl-], Cl- extrusion, and baseline intracellular pH were similar between WT and Nbce1-deficient neurons. Altogether, our data provide a primary description of the properties of KCC2/NBCe1 protein-protein interaction and implicate modulation of stimulus-mediated phosphorylation of KCC2 by NBCe1/KCC2 interaction-a mechanism with putative pathophysiological relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Pethe
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mira Hamze
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Marina Giannaki
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Heimrich
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Igor Medina
- INMED, INSERM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Anna-Maria Hartmann
- Division of Neurogenetics, Faculty VI, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Research Center for Neurosensory Science, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Roussa
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Pathak B, Lange TE, Lampe K, Hollander E, Oria M, Murphy KP, Salomonis N, Sertorio M, Oria M. Development of a Single-Neurosphere Culture to Assess Radiation Toxicity and Pre-Clinical Cancer Combination Therapy Safety. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4916. [PMID: 37894283 PMCID: PMC10605382 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15204916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is a crucial treatment modality for central nervous system (CNS) tumors but toxicity to healthy CNS tissues remains a challenge. Additionally, environmental exposure to radiation during nuclear catastrophes or space travel presents a risk of CNS toxicity. However, the underlying mechanisms of radiation-induced CNS toxicity are not fully understood. Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are highly radiosensitive, resulting in decreased neurogenesis in the hippocampus. This study aimed to characterize a novel platform utilizing rat NPCs cultured as 3D neurospheres (NSps) to screen the safety and efficacy of experimental drugs with and without radiation exposure. The effect of radiation on NSp growth and differentiation was assessed by measuring sphere volume and the expression of neuronal differentiation markers Nestin and GFAP and proliferation marker Ki67. Radiation exposure inhibited NSp growth, decreased proliferation, and increased GFAP expression, indicating astrocytic differentiation. RNA sequencing analysis supported these findings, showing upregulation of Notch, BMP2/4, S100b, and GFAP gene expression during astrogenesis. By recapitulating radiation-induced toxicity and astrocytic differentiation, this single-NSp culture system provides a high-throughput preclinical model for assessing the effects of various radiation modalities and evaluates the safety and efficacy of potential therapeutic interventions in combination with radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bedika Pathak
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Taylor E. Lange
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Division of Oncology, Cancer and Blood Diseases Institute, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Kristin Lampe
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Ella Hollander
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Marina Oria
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (K.L.)
| | - Kendall P. Murphy
- Center for Fetal and Placental Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; (B.P.); (K.L.)
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Departments of Pediatrics and Bioinformatics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Mathieu Sertorio
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Marc Oria
- University of Cincinnati Cancer Center, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- University of Cincinnati Brain Tumor Center, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA
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Li K, Abbott SBG, Guyenet PG, Bayliss DA. JP-RL-2023-285396: Reply to 'Letter to the Editor' (JP-LE-2023-285385). J Physiol 2023; 601:4173-4175. [PMID: 37610165 DOI: 10.1113/jp285396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stephen B G Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Patrice G Guyenet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Li K, Gonye EC, Stornetta RL, Bayliss CB, Yi G, Stornetta DS, Baca SM, Abbott SB, Guyenet PG, Bayliss DA. The astrocytic Na + -HCO 3 - cotransporter, NBCe1, is dispensable for respiratory chemosensitivity. J Physiol 2023; 601:3667-3686. [PMID: 37384821 PMCID: PMC10528273 DOI: 10.1113/jp284960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The interoceptive homeostatic mechanism that controls breathing, blood gases and acid-base balance in response to changes in CO2 /H+ is exquisitely sensitive, with convergent roles proposed for chemosensory brainstem neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) and their supporting glial cells. For astrocytes, a central role for NBCe1, a Na+ -HCO3 - cotransporter encoded by Slc4a4, has been envisaged in multiple mechanistic models (i.e. underlying enhanced CO2 -induced local extracellular acidification or purinergic signalling). We tested these NBCe1-centric models by using conditional knockout mice in which Slc4a4 was deleted from astrocytes. In GFAP-Cre;Slc4a4fl/fl mice we found diminished expression of Slc4a4 in RTN astrocytes by comparison to control littermates, and a concomitant reduction in NBCe1-mediated current. Despite disrupted NBCe1 function in RTN-adjacent astrocytes from these conditional knockout mice, CO2 -induced activation of RTN neurons or astrocytes in vitro and in vivo, and CO2 -stimulated breathing, were indistinguishable from NBCe1-intact littermates; hypoxia-stimulated breathing and sighs were likewise unaffected. We obtained a more widespread deletion of NBCe1 in brainstem astrocytes by using tamoxifen-treated Aldh1l1-Cre/ERT2;Slc4a4fl/fl mice. Again, there was no difference in effects of CO2 or hypoxia on breathing or on neuron/astrocyte activation in NBCe1-deleted mice. These data indicate that astrocytic NBCe1 is not required for the respiratory responses to these chemoreceptor stimuli in mice, and that any physiologically relevant astrocytic contributions must involve NBCe1-independent mechanisms. KEY POINTS: The electrogenic NBCe1 transporter is proposed to mediate local astrocytic CO2 /H+ sensing that enables excitatory modulation of nearby retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) neurons to support chemosensory control of breathing. We used two different Cre mouse lines for cell-specific and/or temporally regulated deletion of the NBCe1 gene (Slc4a4) in astrocytes to test this hypothesis. In both mouse lines, Slc4a4 was depleted from RTN-associated astrocytes but CO2 -induced Fos expression (i.e. cell activation) in RTN neurons and local astrocytes was intact. Likewise, respiratory chemoreflexes evoked by changes in CO2 or O2 were unaffected by loss of astrocytic Slc4a4. These data do not support the previously proposed role for NBCe1 in respiratory chemosensitivity mediated by astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Elizabeth C. Gonye
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Ruth L. Stornetta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | | | - Grace Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Daniel S. Stornetta
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Serapio M. Baca
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Stephen B.G. Abbott
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Patrice G. Guyenet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
| | - Douglas A. Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA, 22908
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Yang J, Zhao Z, Jiang S, Zhang L, Zhao K, Li ZT, Ma D. pH-sensing supramolecular fluorescent probes discovered by library screening. Talanta 2023; 263:124716. [PMID: 37257239 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new design concept for pH-sensing supramolecular fluorescent probes is reported. Supramolecular fluorescent pH probes based on pro-guest are designed and prepared. Pro-guests are designed to degrade under acidic condition and convert to competitive guests to displace encapsulated dyes, which leads to a significant enhancement in fluorescence intensity. A library of potential fluorescent pH probes is generated and screened to discover workable probes. These probes are capable of detecting the acidic pH in solution phase. We confirm that these supramolecular probes could detect the acidic environment in endosomal compartments in live cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zizhen Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Siyang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- School of Life Science & Institute of Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhan-Ting Li
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Da Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Institute of Advanced Studies, Taizhou University, Jiaojiang, 318000, Zhejiang, China.
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32
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Das TK, Ganesh BP, Fatima-Shad K. Common Signaling Pathways Involved in Alzheimer's Disease and Stroke: Two Faces of the Same Coin. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:381-398. [PMID: 37220617 PMCID: PMC10200243 DOI: 10.3233/adr-220108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke are two interrelated neurodegenerative disorders which are the leading cause of death and affect the neurons in the brain and central nervous system. Although amyloid-β aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and inflammation are the hallmarks of AD, the exact cause and origin of AD are still undefined. Recent enormous fundamental discoveries suggest that the amyloid hypothesis of AD has not been proven and anti-amyloid therapies that remove amyloid deposition have not yet slowed cognitive decline. However, stroke, mainly ischemic stroke (IS), is caused by an interruption in the cerebral blood flow. Significant features of both disorders are the disruption of neuronal circuitry at different levels of cellular signaling, leading to the death of neurons and glial cells in the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to find out the common molecular mechanisms of these two diseases to understand their etiological connections. Here, we summarized the most common signaling cascades including autotoxicity, ApoE4, insulin signaling, inflammation, mTOR-autophagy, notch signaling, and microbiota-gut-brain axis, present in both AD and IS. These targeted signaling pathways reveal a better understanding of AD and IS and could provide a distinguished platform to develop improved therapeutics for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Kanti Das
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bhanu Priya Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kaneez Fatima-Shad
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Behavioral and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, NSW, Australia
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Guo X, Liu R, Jia M, Wang Q, Wu J. Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced Blood Brain Barrier Dysfunction and the Involved Molecular Mechanism. Neurochem Res 2023:10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x. [PMID: 37017889 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Stroke is characterized by the abrupt failure of blood flow to a specific brain region, resulting in insufficient supply of oxygen and glucose to the ischemic tissues. Timely reperfusion of blood flow can rescue dying tissue but can also lead to secondary damage to both the infarcted tissues and the blood-brain barrier, known as ischemia/reperfusion injury. Both primary and secondary damage result in biphasic opening of the blood-brain barrier, leading to blood-brain barrier dysfunction and vasogenic edema. Importantly, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and microglial activation are critical factors that worsen stroke outcomes. Activated microglia secrete numerous cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory factors during neuroinflammation, contributing to the second opening of the blood-brain barrier and worsening the outcome of ischemic stroke. TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and other microglia-derived molecules have been shown to be involved in the breakdown of blood-brain barrier. Additionally, other non-microglia-derived molecules such as RNA, HSPs, and transporter proteins also participate in the blood-brain barrier breakdown process after ischemic stroke, either in the primary damage stage directly influencing tight junction proteins and endothelial cells, or in the secondary damage stage participating in the following neuroinflammation. This review summarizes the cellular and molecular components of the blood-brain barrier and concludes the association of microglia-derived and non-microglia-derived molecules with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Guo
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Meng Jia
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Qun Wang
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine for Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China.
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 10070, China.
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, 10070, China.
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Ye Q, Jo J, Wang CY, Oh H, Choy TJ, Kim K, D’Alessandro A, Reshetnyak YK, Jung SY, Chen Z, Marrelli SP, Lee HK. Astrocytic Slc4a4 regulates blood-brain barrier integrity in healthy and stroke brains via a NO-CCL2-CCR2 pathway. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535167. [PMID: 37066295 PMCID: PMC10103986 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes play vital roles in blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintenance, yet how they support BBB integrity under normal or pathological conditions remains poorly defined. Recent evidence suggests pH homeostasis is a new cellular mechanism important for BBB integrity. In the current study, we investigated the function of an astrocyte-specific pH regulator, Slc4a4, in BBB maintenance and repair. We show that astrocytic Slc4a4 is required for normal astrocyte morphological complexity and BBB function. Multi-omics analyses identified increased astrocytic secretion of CCL2 coupled with dysregulated arginine-NO metabolism after Slc4a4 deletion. Using a model of ischemic stroke, we found that loss of Slc4a4 exacerbates BBB disruption and reactive gliosis, which were both rescued by pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the NO-CCL2 pathway in vivo. Together, our study identifies the astrocytic Slc4a4-NO-CCL2 axis as a pivotal mechanism controlling BBB integrity and repair, while providing insights for a novel therapeutic approach against BBB-related CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juyeon Jo
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chih-Yen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heavin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tiffany J. Choy
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Cancer and Cell Biology Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kyoungin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angelo D’Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Sung Yun Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sean P. Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hyun Kyoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Boal AM, McGrady NR, Holden JM, Risner ML, Calkins DJ. Retinal ganglion cells adapt to ionic stress in experimental glaucoma. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1142668. [PMID: 37051140 PMCID: PMC10083336 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1142668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionIdentification of early adaptive and maladaptive neuronal stress responses is an important step in developing targeted neuroprotective therapies for degenerative disease. In glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons undergo progressive degeneration resulting from stress driven by sensitivity to intraocular pressure (IOP). Despite therapies that can effectively manage IOP many patients progress to vision loss, necessitating development of neuronal-based therapies. Evidence from experimental models of glaucoma indicates that early in the disease RGCs experience altered excitability and are challenged with dysregulated potassium (K+) homeostasis. Previously we demonstrated that certain RGC types have distinct excitability profiles and thresholds for depolarization block, which are associated with sensitivity to extracellular K+.MethodsHere, we used our inducible mouse model of glaucoma to investigate how RGC sensitivity to K+ changes with exposure to elevated IOP.ResultsIn controls, conditions of increased K+ enhanced membrane depolarization, reduced action potential generation, and widened action potentials. Consistent with our previous work, 4 weeks of IOP elevation diminished RGC light-and current-evoked responses. Compared to controls, we found that IOP elevation reduced the effects of increased K+ on depolarization block threshold, with IOP-exposed cells maintaining greater excitability. Finally, IOP elevation did not alter axon initial segment dimensions, suggesting that structural plasticity alone cannot explain decreased K+ sensitivity.DiscussionThus, in response to prolonged IOP elevation RGCs undergo an adaptive process that reduces sensitivity to changes in K+ while diminishing excitability. These experiments give insight into the RGC response to IOP stress and lay the groundwork for mechanistic investigation into targets for neuroprotective therapy.
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36
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Loss of brain energy metabolism control as a driver for memory impairment upon insulin resistance. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:287-301. [PMID: 36606696 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms intersecting metabolic and neurodegenerative disorders include insulin resistance, which has a strong involvement of environmental factors. Besides central regulation of whole-body homeostasis, insulin in the central nervous system controls molecular signalling that is critical for cognitive performance, namely signalling through pathways that modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity, and metabolism in neurons and astrocytes. This review provides an overview on how insulin signalling in the brain might regulate brain energy metabolism, and further identified molecular mechanisms by which brain insulin resistance might impair synaptic fuelling, and lead to cognitive deterioration.
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37
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Barros LF, Ruminot I, Sotelo-Hitschfeld T, Lerchundi R, Fernández-Moncada I. Metabolic Recruitment in Brain Tissue. Annu Rev Physiol 2023; 85:115-135. [PMID: 36270291 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021422-091035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Information processing imposes urgent metabolic demands on neurons, which have negligible energy stores and restricted access to fuel. Here, we discuss metabolic recruitment, the tissue-level phenomenon whereby active neurons harvest resources from their surroundings. The primary event is the neuronal release of K+ that mirrors workload. Astrocytes sense K+ in exquisite fashion thanks to their unique coexpression of NBCe1 and α2β2 Na+/K+ ATPase, and within seconds switch to Crabtree metabolism, involving GLUT1, aerobic glycolysis, transient suppression of mitochondrial respiration, and lactate export. The lactate surge serves as a secondary recruiter by inhibiting glucose consumption in distant cells. Additional recruiters are glutamate, nitric oxide, and ammonium, which signal over different spatiotemporal domains. The net outcome of these events is that more glucose, lactate, and oxygen are made available. Metabolic recruitment works alongside neurovascular coupling and various averaging strategies to support the inordinate dynamic range of individual neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; .,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile;
| | - I Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs), Valdivia, Chile; .,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile;
| | - T Sotelo-Hitschfeld
- Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - R Lerchundi
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), MIRCen, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - I Fernández-Moncada
- NeuroCentre Magendie, INSERM U1215, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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Hagihara H, Murano T, Miyakawa T. The gene expression patterns as surrogate indices of pH in the brain. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1151480. [PMID: 37200901 PMCID: PMC10185791 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1151480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen ion (H+) is one of the most potent intrinsic neuromodulators in the brain in terms of concentration. Changes in H+ concentration, expressed as pH, are thought to be associated with various biological processes, such as gene expression, in the brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that decreased brain pH is a common feature of several neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and Alzheimer's disease. However, it remains unclear whether gene expression patterns can be used as surrogates for pH changes in the brain. In this study, we performed meta-analyses using publicly available gene expression datasets to profile the expression patterns of pH-associated genes, whose expression levels were correlated with brain pH, in human patients and mouse models of major central nervous system (CNS) diseases, as well as in mouse cell-type datasets. Comprehensive analysis of 281 human datasets from 11 CNS disorders revealed that gene expression associated with decreased pH was over-represented in disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorders, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain tumors. Expression patterns of pH-associated genes in mouse models of neurodegenerative disease showed a common time course trend toward lower pH over time. Furthermore, cell type analysis identified astrocytes as the cell type with the most acidity-related gene expression, consistent with previous experimental measurements showing a lower intracellular pH in astrocytes than in neurons. These results suggest that the expression pattern of pH-associated genes may be a surrogate for the state- and trait-related changes in pH in brain cells. Altered expression of pH-associated genes may serve as a novel molecular mechanism for a more complete understanding of the transdiagnostic pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Activation of Nrf2 to Optimise Immune Responses to Intracerebral Haemorrhage. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101438. [PMID: 36291647 PMCID: PMC9599325 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Haemorrhage into the brain parenchyma can be devastating. This manifests as spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) after head trauma, and in the context of vascular dementia. Randomised controlled trials have not reliably shown that haemostatic treatments aimed at limiting ICH haematoma expansion and surgical approaches to reducing haematoma volume are effective. Consequently, treatments to modulate the pathophysiological responses to ICH, which may cause secondary brain injury, are appealing. Following ICH, microglia and monocyte derived cells are recruited to the peri-haematomal environment where they phagocytose haematoma breakdown products and secrete inflammatory cytokines, which may trigger both protective and harmful responses. The transcription factor Nrf2, is activated by oxidative stress, is highly expressed by central nervous system microglia and macroglia. When active, Nrf2 induces a transcriptional programme characterised by increased expression of antioxidant, haem and heavy metal detoxification and proteostasis genes, as well as suppression of proinflammatory factors. Therefore, Nrf2 activation may facilitate adaptive-protective immune cell responses to ICH by boosting resistance to oxidative stress and heavy metal toxicity, whilst limiting harmful inflammatory signalling, which can contribute to further blood brain barrier dysfunction and cerebral oedema. In this review, we consider the responses of immune cells to ICH and how these might be modulated by Nrf2 activation. Finally, we propose potential therapeutic strategies to harness Nrf2 to improve the outcomes of patients with ICH.
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Zhao YF, Verkhratsky A, Tang Y, Illes P. Astrocytes and major depression: The purinergic avenue. Neuropharmacology 2022; 220:109252. [PMID: 36122663 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric illnesses worldwide which impairs the social functioning of the afflicted patients. Astrocytes promote homeostasis of the CNS and provide defense against various types of harmful influences. Increasing evidence suggests that the number, morphology and function of astrocytes are deteriorated in the depressed brain and the malfunction of the astrocytic purinergic system appears to participate in the pathophysiology of MDD. Adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) released from astrocytes modulates depressive-like behavior in animal models and probably also clinical depression in patients. Astrocytes possess purinergic receptors, such as adenosine A2A receptors (Rs), and P2X7, P2Y1, and P2Y11Rs, which mediate neuroinflammation, neuro(glio)transmission, and synaptic plasticity in depression-relevant areas of the brain (e.g. medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala nuclei). By contrast, astrocytic A1Rs are neuroprotective and immunosuppressive. In the present review, we shall discuss the release of purines from astrocytes, and the expression/function of astrocytic purinergic receptors. Subsequently, we shall review in more detail novel evidence indicating that the dysregulation of astrocytic purinergic signaling actively contributes to the pathophysiology of depression and shall discuss possible therapeutic options based on knowledge recently acquired in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Zhao
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - A Verkhratsky
- International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK; Department of Stem Cell Biology, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, LT, 01102, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Y Tang
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - P Illes
- School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; International Collaborative Centre on Big Science Plan for Purinergic Signalling, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China; Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Leipzig, 04107, Leipzig, Germany.
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Need for a Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke: The Blood-Brain Barrier. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169486. [PMID: 36012745 PMCID: PMC9409167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity is essential to maintaining brain health. Aging-related alterations could lead to chronic progressive leakiness of the BBB, which is directly correlated with cerebrovascular diseases. Indeed, the BBB breakdown during acute ischemic stroke is critical. It remains unclear, however, whether BBB dysfunction is one of the first events that leads to brain disease or a down-stream consequence. This review will focus on the BBB dysfunction associated with cerebrovascular disease. An added difficulty is its association with the deleterious or reparative effect, which depends on the stroke phase. We will first outline the BBB structure and function. Then, we will focus on the spatiotemporal chronic, slow, and progressive BBB alteration related to ischemic stroke. Finally, we will propose a new perspective on preventive therapeutic strategies associated with brain aging based on targeting specific components of the BBB. Understanding BBB age-evolutions will be beneficial for new drug development and the identification of the best performance window times. This could have a direct impact on clinical translation and personalised medicine.
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Gentiletti D, de Curtis M, Gnatkovsky V, Suffczynski P. Focal seizures are organized by feedback between neural activity and ion concentration changes. eLife 2022; 11:68541. [PMID: 35916367 PMCID: PMC9377802 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human and animal EEG data demonstrate that focal seizures start with low-voltage fast activity, evolve into rhythmic burst discharges and are followed by a period of suppressed background activity. This suggests that processes with dynamics in the range of tens of seconds govern focal seizure evolution. We investigate the processes associated with seizure dynamics by complementing the Hodgkin-Huxley mathematical model with the physical laws that dictate ion movement and maintain ionic gradients. Our biophysically realistic computational model closely replicates the electrographic pattern of a typical human focal seizure characterized by low voltage fast activity onset, tonic phase, clonic phase and postictal suppression. Our study demonstrates, for the first time in silico, the potential mechanism of seizure initiation by inhibitory interneurons via the initial build-up of extracellular K+ due to intense interneuronal spiking. The model also identifies ionic mechanisms that may underlie a key feature in seizure dynamics, i.e., progressive slowing down of ictal discharges towards the end of seizure. Our model prediction of specific scaling of inter-burst intervals is confirmed by seizure data recorded in the whole guinea pig brain in vitro and in humans, suggesting that the observed termination pattern may hold across different species. Our results emphasize ionic dynamics as elementary processes behind seizure generation and indicate targets for new therapeutic strategies.
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Hadjihambi A, Cudalbu C, Pierzchala K, Simicic D, Donnelly C, Konstantinou C, Davies N, Habtesion A, Gourine AV, Jalan R, Hosford PS. Abnormal brain oxygen homeostasis in an animal model of liver disease. JHEP Rep 2022; 4:100509. [PMID: 35865351 PMCID: PMC9293761 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2022.100509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Increased plasma ammonia concentration and consequent disruption of brain energy metabolism could underpin the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Brain energy homeostasis relies on effective maintenance of brain oxygenation, and dysregulation impairs neuronal function leading to cognitive impairment. We hypothesised that HE is associated with reduced brain oxygenation and we explored the potential role of ammonia as an underlying pathophysiological factor. Methods In a rat model of chronic liver disease with minimal HE (mHE; bile duct ligation [BDL]), brain tissue oxygen measurement, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to investigate how hyperammonaemia impacts oxygenation and metabolic substrate availability in the central nervous system. Ornithine phenylacetate (OP, OCR-002; Ocera Therapeutics, CA, USA) was used as an experimental treatment to reduce plasma ammonia concentration. Results In BDL animals, glucose, lactate, and tissue oxygen concentration in the cerebral cortex were significantly lower than those in sham-operated controls. OP treatment corrected the hyperammonaemia and restored brain tissue oxygen. Although BDL animals were hypotensive, cortical tissue oxygen concentration was significantly improved by treatments that increased arterial blood pressure. Cerebrovascular reactivity to exogenously applied CO2 was found to be normal in BDL animals. Conclusions These data suggest that hyperammonaemia significantly decreases cortical oxygenation, potentially compromising brain energy metabolism. These findings have potential clinical implications for the treatment of patients with mHE. Lay summary Brain dysfunction is a serious complication of cirrhosis and affects approximately 30% of these patients; however, its treatment continues to be an unmet clinical need. This study shows that oxygen concentration in the brain of an animal model of cirrhosis is markedly reduced. Low arterial blood pressure and increased ammonia (a neurotoxin that accumulates in patients with liver failure) are shown to be the main underlying causes. Experimental correction of these abnormalities restored oxygen concentration in the brain, suggesting potential therapeutic avenues to explore.
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Key Words
- 1H-MRS, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy
- AIT, Animal Imaging and Technology
- ALT, alanine transaminase
- ATZ, acetazolamide
- Ala, alanine
- Asc, ascorbate
- Asp, aspartate
- BDL, bile duct ligation
- BOLD, blood oxygen level dependent
- BP, blood pressure
- CBF, cerebral blood flow
- CIBM, Center for Biomedical Imaging
- CLD, chronic liver disease
- CMRO2, cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen
- CNS, central nervous system
- Chronic liver disease
- Cr, creatine
- EPFL, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- GABA, γ-aminobutyric acid
- GPC, glycerophosphocholine
- GSH, glutathione
- Glc, glucose
- Gln, glutamine
- Glu, glutamate
- HE, hepatic encephalopathy
- Hyperammonaemia
- Ins, myo-inositol
- Lac, lactate
- MAP, mean arterial pressure
- NAA, N acetylaspartate
- NO, nitric oxide
- OP, ornithine phenylacetate
- Ornithine phenylacetate
- Oxygen
- PCho, phosphocholine
- PCr, phosphocreatine
- PE, phenylephrine
- Phenylephrine
- SPECIAL, spin echo full intensity acquired localised
- TE, echo time
- Tau, taurine
- VOI, volume of interest
- [18F]-FDG PET, [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography
- eNOS, endothelial nitric oxide synthase
- fMRI, functional magnetic resonance imaging
- hepatic encephalopathy
- mHE, minimal HE
- pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide
- pO2, partial pressure of oxygen
- tCho, total choline
- tCr, total creatine
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hadjihambi
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Pierzchala
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dunja Simicic
- CIBM Center for Biomedical Imaging, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Chris Donnelly
- Institute of Sports Science and Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christos Konstantinou
- The Roger Williams Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, UK
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Nathan Davies
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - Abeba Habtesion
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
| | - Alexander V. Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- UCL Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital, Rowland Hill Street, London, UK
- European Foundation for the Study of Chronic Liver Failure
| | - Patrick S. Hosford
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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Gourine AV, Dale N. Brain H + /CO 2 sensing and control by glial cells. Glia 2022; 70:1520-1535. [PMID: 35102601 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of constant brain pH is critically important to support the activity of individual neurons, effective communication within the neuronal circuits, and, thus, efficient processing of information by the brain. This review article focuses on how glial cells detect and respond to changes in brain tissue pH and concentration of CO2 , and then trigger systemic and local adaptive mechanisms that ensure a stable milieu for the operation of brain circuits. We give a detailed account of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying sensitivity of glial cells to H+ and CO2 and discuss the role of glial chemosensitivity and signaling in operation of three key mechanisms that work in concert to keep the brain pH constant. We discuss evidence suggesting that astrocytes and marginal glial cells of the brainstem are critically important for central respiratory CO2 chemoreception-a fundamental physiological mechanism that regulates breathing in accord with changes in blood and brain pH and partial pressure of CO2 in order to maintain systemic pH homeostasis. We review evidence suggesting that astrocytes are also responsible for the maintenance of local brain tissue extracellular pH in conditions of variable acid loads associated with changes in the neuronal activity and metabolism, and discuss potential role of these glial cells in mediating the effects of CO2 on cerebral vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nicholas Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Birla H, Xia J, Gao X, Zhao H, Wang F, Patel S, Amponsah A, Bekker A, Tao YX, Hu H. Toll-like receptor 4 activation enhances Orai1-mediated calcium signal promoting cytokine production in spinal astrocytes. Cell Calcium 2022; 105:102619. [PMID: 35780680 PMCID: PMC9928533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in pathological conditions including chronic pain. Activation of astrocytic TLRs leads to the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-ɑ (TNF-α), which can cause pathological inflammation and tissue damage in the central nervous system. However, the mechanisms of TLR4-mediated cytokine releases from astrocytes are incomplete understood. Our previous study has shown that Orai1, a key component of calcium release activated calcium channels (CRACs), mediates Ca2+ entry in astrocytes. How Orai1 contributes to TLR4 signaling remains unclear. Here we show that Orai1 deficiency drastically attenuated lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced TNF-α and IL-6 production in astrocytes. Acute LPS treatment did not induce Ca2+ response and had no effect on thapsigargin (Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor)-induced store-dependent Ca2+ entry. Inhibition or knockdown of Orai1 showed no reduction in LPS-induced p-ERK1/2, p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase, or p-p38 MAPK activation. Interestingly, Orai1 protein level was significantly increased after LPS exposure, which was blocked by inhibition of NF-κB activity. LPS significantly increased basal Ca2+ level and SOCE after exposure to astrocytes. Moreover, elevating extracellular Ca2+ concentration increased cytosolic Ca2+ level, which was almost eliminated in Orai1 KO astrocytes. Our study reports novel findings that Orai1 acts as a Ca2+ leak channel regulating the basal Ca2+ level and enhancing cytokine production in astrocytes under the inflammatory condition. These findings highlight an important role of Orai1 in astrocytic TRL4 function and may suggest that Orai1 could be a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory disorders including chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hareram Birla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Jingsheng Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Xinghua Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Fengying Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Shivam Patel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Akwasi Amponsah
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Alex Bekker
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Yuan-Xiang Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103,Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103
| | - Huijuan Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
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Hosford PS, Wells JA, Nizari S, Christie IN, Theparambil SM, Castro PA, Hadjihambi A, Barros LF, Ruminot I, Lythgoe MF, Gourine AV. CO 2 signaling mediates neurovascular coupling in the cerebral cortex. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2125. [PMID: 35440557 PMCID: PMC9019094 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29622-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurovascular coupling is a fundamental brain mechanism that regulates local cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to changes in neuronal activity. Functional imaging techniques are commonly used to record these changes in CBF as a proxy of neuronal activity to study the human brain. However, the mechanisms of neurovascular coupling remain incompletely understood. Here we show in experimental animal models (laboratory rats and mice) that the neuronal activity-dependent increases in local CBF in the somatosensory cortex are prevented by saturation of the CO2-sensitive vasodilatory brain mechanism with surplus of exogenous CO2 or disruption of brain CO2/HCO3- transport by genetic knockdown of electrogenic sodium-bicarbonate cotransporter 1 (NBCe1) expression in astrocytes. A systematic review of the literature data shows that CO2 and increased neuronal activity recruit the same vasodilatory signaling pathways. These results and analysis suggest that CO2 mediates signaling between neurons and the cerebral vasculature to regulate brain blood flow in accord with changes in the neuronal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Hosford
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Jack A Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shereen Nizari
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isabel N Christie
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Shefeeq M Theparambil
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Pablo A Castro
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs) & Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
- Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Anna Hadjihambi
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Felipe Barros
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs) & Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Iván Ruminot
- Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECs) & Universidad San Sebastián, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander V Gourine
- Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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Kim JE, Kang TC. Blockade of TASK-1 Channel Improves the Efficacy of Levetiracetam in Chronically Epileptic Rats. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040787. [PMID: 35453538 PMCID: PMC9030960 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem of P domains in a weak inwardly rectifying K+ channel (TWIK)-related acid sensitive K+-1 channel (TASK-1) is an outwardly rectifying K+ channel that acts in response to extracellular pH. TASK-1 is upregulated in the astrocytes (particularly in the CA1 region) of the hippocampi of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and chronically epilepsy rats. Since levetiracetam (LEV) is an effective inhibitor for carbonic anhydrase, which has a pivotal role in buffering of extracellular pH, it is likely that the anti-epileptic action of LEV may be relevant to TASK-1 inhibition, which remains to be elusive. In the present study, we found that LEV diminished the upregulated TASK-1 expression in the CA1 astrocytes of responders (whose seizure activities were responsive to LEV), but not non-responders (whose seizure activities were not controlled by LEV) in chronically epileptic rats. ML365 (a selective TASK-1 inhibitor) only reduced seizure duration in LEV non-responders, concomitant with astroglial TASK-1 downregulation. Furthermore, ML365 co-treatment with LEV decreased the duration, frequency and severity of spontaneous seizures in non-responders to LEV. To the best of our knowledge, our findings suggest, for the first time, that the up-regulation of TASK-1 expression in CA1 astrocytes may be involved in refractory seizures in response to LEV. This may be a potential target to improve responsiveness to LEV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tae-Cheon Kang
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-248-2524; Fax: +82-33-248-2525
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Qiu M, Zong JB, He QW, Liu YX, Wan Y, Li M, Zhou YF, Wu JH, Hu B. Cell Heterogeneity Uncovered by Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Offers Potential Therapeutic Targets for Ischemic Stroke. Aging Dis 2022; 13:1436-1454. [PMID: 36186129 PMCID: PMC9466965 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a detrimental neurological disease characterized by an irreversible infarct core surrounded by an ischemic penumbra, a salvageable region of brain tissue. Unique roles of distinct brain cell subpopulations within the neurovascular unit and peripheral immune cells during ischemic stroke remain elusive due to the heterogeneity of cells in the brain. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) allows for an unbiased determination of cellular heterogeneity at high-resolution and identification of cell markers, thereby unveiling the principal brain clusters within the cell-type-specific gene expression patterns as well as cell-specific subclusters and their functions in different pathways underlying ischemic stroke. In this review, we have summarized the changes in differentiation trajectories of distinct cell types and highlighted the specific pathways and genes in brain cells that are impacted by stroke. This review is expected to inspire new research and provide directions for investigating the potential pathological mechanisms and novel treatment strategies for ischemic stroke at the level of a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jie-hong Wu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Bo Hu () and Dr. Jie-hong Wu (), Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Bo Hu () and Dr. Jie-hong Wu (), Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
Brain PCO2 is sensed primarily via changes in [H+]. Small pH changes are detected in the medulla oblongata and trigger breathing adjustments that help maintain arterial PCO2 constant. Larger perturbations of brain CO2/H+, possibly also sensed elsewhere in the CNS, elicit arousal, dyspnea, and stress, and cause additional breathing modifications. The retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN), a rostral medullary cluster of glutamatergic neurons identified by coexpression of Phoxb and Nmb transcripts, is the lynchpin of the central respiratory chemoreflex. RTN regulates breathing frequency, inspiratory amplitude, and active expiration. It is exquisitely responsive to acidosis in vivo and maintains breathing autorhythmicity during quiet waking, slow-wave sleep, and anesthesia. The RTN response to [H+] is partly an intrinsic neuronal property mediated by proton sensors TASK-2 and GPR4 and partly a paracrine effect mediated by astrocytes and the vasculature. The RTN also receives myriad excitatory or inhibitory synaptic inputs including from [H+]-responsive neurons (e.g., serotonergic). RTN is silenced by moderate hypoxia. RTN inactivity (periodic or sustained) contributes to periodic breathing and, likely, to central sleep apnea. RTN development relies on transcription factors Egr2, Phox2b, Lbx1, and Atoh1. PHOX2B mutations cause congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; they impair RTN development and consequently the central respiratory chemoreflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrice G Guyenet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
| | - Douglas A Bayliss
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
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50
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Yuan M, Wu H. Astrocytes in the Traumatic Brain Injury: the Good and the Bad. Exp Neurol 2021; 348:113943. [PMID: 34863998 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes control many processes of the nervous system in health and disease, and respond to injury quickly. Astrocytes produce neuroprotective factors in the injured brain to clear cellular debris and to orchestrate neurorestorative processes that are beneficial for neurological recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, astrocytes also become dysregulated and produce cytotoxic mediators that hinder CNS repair by induction of neuronal dysfunction and cell death. Hence, we discuss the potential role of astrocytes in neuropathological processes such as neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, synaptogenesis and blood-brain barrier repair after TBI. Thus, an improved understanding of the dual role of astrocytes may advance our knowledge of post-brain injury recovery, and provide opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Yuan
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China
| | - Haitao Wu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 100850 Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu, China; Chinese Institute for Brain Research (CIBR), 102206 Beijing, China.
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