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Han H, Zhang JM, Ji S, Zeng XB, Jin XC, Shen ZQ, Xie B, Luo XN, Li K, Liu LP. Histology and transcriptomic analysis reveal the inflammation and affected pathways under 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB) exposure on grass carp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 938:173233. [PMID: 38763196 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
2-Methylisoborneol (2-MIB) is a common and widely distributed off-flavor compound in water. However, the toxic mechanisms of 2-MIB on aquatic organisms remain largely unexplored. In this study, grass carp larvae were exposed to different concentrations (0, 5, and 20 μg L-1) of 2-MIB for 96 h. The accumulation of 2-MIB in the dorsal muscle was measured. Histological analysis, ultrastructure observations, and transcriptomic sequencing were conducted on the liver tissues. The results showed that 2-MIB accumulated significantly in the fish muscle, with the accumulation increasing as the exposure concentration increased through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) detection. Histological and ultrastructure observations indicated that 2-MIB caused concentration-dependent inflammatory infiltration and mitochondrial damage in the liver. Transcriptomic analysis revealed lipid metabolism disorders induced by exposure to 2-MIB in grass carp. Additionally, 5 μg L-1 2-MIB affected the neurodevelopment and cardiovascular system of grass carp larvae through extracellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion pathway. Furthermore, several pathways related to the digestive system were significantly enriched, implying that 2-MIB may impact pancreatic secretion function, protein digestion and absorption processes. These findings provide new insights into the potential toxicological mechanisms of 2-MIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Han
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jun-Ming Zhang
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Biao Zeng
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xi-Chen Jin
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zi-Qian Shen
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Bin Xie
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xue-Neng Luo
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kang Li
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center for Ecological Aquaculture (CEA), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- China-ASEAN Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Mariculture Technology (Shanghai), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Center for Ecological Aquaculture (CEA), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Hu R, Geng Y, Huang Y, Liu Z, Li F, Song K, Ma W, Dong H, Zhang M, Lei T, Song Y, Zhang Z. Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction attenuates polycystic ovary syndrome through regulating kisspeptin-GPR54-AKT-SHBG system. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 133:155931. [PMID: 39116604 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine disorders. Accumulated evidence has suggested the indispensable role of kisspeptin-G protein-coupled receptor (GPR54) system and SHBG in development of PCOS. However, potential mechanisms and their relationship are unclear. Jiawei Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (JWBZYQ) has been reported to ameliorate obese PCOS. Whereas, potential mechanisms remain elusive. PURPOSE To determine whether JWBZYQ attenuates PCOS by regulating the kisspeptin-GPR54 system and SHBG production. And to explore potential mechanisms. METHODS An overweight PCOS rat model was developed with testosterone propionate (TP) and high-fat diet (HFD). The efficacy of JWBZYQ was assessed by tracking changes in weight, estrous cycle, ovarian morphology, and serum sex hormone levels. Additionally, kisspeptin-GPR54 system expression in multiple organs and PI3K-AKT pathway activity in liver of different rats were detected. Modifications in SHBG production were also measured. Kisspeptin54 was administered to establish a cellular model. The levels of AKT phosphorylation and SHBG protein within HepG2 cells were analyzed. Finally, confirmatory studies were performed using AKT phosphorylation activator and inhibitor. RESULTS JWBZYQ effectively attenuated the overweight, disrupted estrous cycle, altered sex hormone levels, and aberrant ovarian morphology in PCOS rats. Meanwhile, PCOS rats exhibited elevated levels of kisspeptin and GPR54, along with reduced SHBG levels, which could be reversed by JWBZYQ. These alterations might be connected with the activation of AKT phosphorylation. In vitro experiment identified that JWBZYQ could rectify the hyperactivated AKT phosphorylation and deficient production of SHBG caused by kisspeptin54. CONCLUSIONS Overexpressed kisspeptin-GPR54 system inhibited SHBG synthesis in PCOS. JWBZYQ curtailed the exorbitant expression of kisspeptin and GPR54, which moderated the rise in AKT phosphorylation and subsequently promoted the production of SHBG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runan Hu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuli Geng
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanjing Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fan Li
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Kunkun Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Wenwen Ma
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Haoxu Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Mingmin Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yufan Song
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Sino-German Neuro-Oncology Molecular Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Yilmaz N, Yasi N RZI, Yildiz A. Intracerebroventricular injection of spexin stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis and increases the secretion of male reproductive hormones in rats. Ann Anat 2024; 255:152300. [PMID: 38971451 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male reproductive functions are regulated in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Any problem in this axis would lead to the deterioration of reproductive functions. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) Spexin (SPX) infusion on the HPG axis in detail. METHODS 40 Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, sham, SPX 30 nmol and SPX 100 nmol (n=10). 30 nmol/1 µl/hour SPX was administered icv to the rats in the SPX 30 nmol group for 7 days, while rats in the SPX 100 nmol group were administered 100 nmol/1 µl/hour SPX. On the 7th day, the rats were decapitated, blood and tissue samples were collected. Serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels were determined with the ELISA method, GnRH mRNA expression level was determined in hypothalamus with the RT-PCR method. Seminiferous tubule diameter and epithelial thickness were determined with the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. RESULTS SPX infusion was increased GnRH mRNA expression in the hypothalamus tissue independent of the dose (p<0.05). Serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels in the SPX groups were increased when compared to the control and sham groups independent of the dose (p <0.05). Histological analysis revealed that SPX infusion did not lead to any changes in seminiferous epithelial thickness, while the tubule diameter increased in the SPX groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION The study findings demonstrated that icv SPX infusion stimulated the HPG axis and increased the secretion of male reproductive hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesibe Yilmaz
- Karabük University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Karabük, Turkey.
| | | | - Azibe Yildiz
- İnönü University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embriyology, Malatya, Turkey
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Can U, Akdu S, Aktan AH. The Investigation of Kisspeptin, Spexin and Galanin in Euthyroid Women with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Endocr Res 2024:1-7. [PMID: 39056111 DOI: 10.1080/07435800.2024.2384576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The hallmarks of Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) include the destruction of thyroid cells by leading to insulin resistance (IR), hypothyroidism, and metabolic abnormalities. Kisspeptin, spexin, and galanin control appetite and body weight (BW) to regulate metabolisms. Here, we sought to determine if galanin, kisspeptin, and spexin are linked to the pathophysiology of HT in euthyroid female individuals. METHODS Forty-five women with HT and 45 healthy control women of the same age participated in the current study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the serum levels of galanin, spexin, and kisspeptin. RESULTS In comparison to the controls, HT patients had significantly higher levels of kisspeptin (p < 0.01), galanin (p < 0.01), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) (p < 0.001), anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) (p < 0.001), and body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). The two groups were comparable in terms of spexin, free triiodothyronine-3 (fT3), fT4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Galanin and kisspeptin were seen to have a positive correlation (p < 0.01; r = 0.786). CONCLUSIONS Euthyroid women with HT were found to have higher levels of kisspeptin and galanin. These results imply that kisspeptin and galanin may be linked to the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism, and as a result, we believe that these markers may be beneficial in the early detection and treatment of HT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ummugulsum Can
- Department of Biochemistry, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sadinaz Akdu
- Department of Biochemistry, Fethiye State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hamdi Aktan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fethiye State Hospital, Muğla, Turkey
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Heijman J, Dobrev D. Spexin Hormone Signaling and Atrial Fibrillation: The Knowns and Unknowns. Circulation 2024; 150:128-131. [PMID: 38976612 PMCID: PMC11232924 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.070016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Heijman
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Division of Medical Physics & Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Research Center, Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Li D, Liu Y, Li C, Zhou Z, Gao K, Bao H, Yang J, Xue G, Yin D, Zhao X, Shen K, Zhang L, Li J, Li C, Song J, Zhao L, Pei Y, Xuan L, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Zhang ZR, Yang B, Li Y, Pan Z. Spexin Diminishes Atrial Fibrillation Vulnerability by Acting on Galanin Receptor 2. Circulation 2024; 150:111-127. [PMID: 38726666 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G protein-coupled receptors play a critical role in atrial fibrillation (AF). Spexin is a novel ligand of galanin receptors (GALRs). In this study, we investigated the regulation of spexin and GALRs on AF and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Global spexin knockout (SPX-KO) and cardiomyocyte-specific GALRs knockout (GALR-cKO) mice underwent burst pacing electrical stimulation. Optical mapping was used to determine atrial conduction velocity and action potential duration. Atrial myocyte action potential duration and inward rectifying K+ current (IK1) were recorded using whole-cell patch clamps. Isolated cardiomyocytes were stained with Fluo-3/AM dye, and intracellular Ca2+ handling was examined by CCD camera. A mouse model of AF was established by Ang-II (angiotensin II) infusion. RESULTS Spexin plasma levels in patients with AF were lower than those in subjects without AF, and knockout of spexin increased AF susceptibility in mice. In the atrium of SPX-KO mice, potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 2 (KCNJ2) and sarcolipin (SLN) were upregulated; meanwhile, IK1 current was increased and Ca2+ handling was impaired in isolated atrial myocytes of SPX-KO mice. GALR2-cKO mice, but not GALR1-cKO and GALR3-cKO mice, had a higher incidence of AF, which was associated with higher IK1 current and intracellular Ca2+ overload. The phosphorylation level of CREB (cyclic AMP responsive element binding protein 1) was upregulated in atrial tissues of SPX-KO and GALR2-cKO mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed the recruitment of p-CREB to the proximal promoter regions of KCNJ2 and SLN. Finally, spexin treatment suppressed CREB signaling, decreased IK1 current and decreased intracellular Ca2+ overload, which thus reduced the inducibility of AF in Ang-II-infused mice. CONCLUSIONS Spexin reduces atrial fibrillation susceptibility by inhibiting CREB phosphorylation and thus downregulating KCNJ2 and SLN transcription by GALR2 receptor. The spexin/GALR2/CREB signaling pathway represents a novel therapeutic avenue in the development of agents against atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desheng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Changzhu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhiwen Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Kangyi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Hairong Bao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiming Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Genlong Xue
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, China (G.X.)
| | - Dechun Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Xinbo Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Kewei Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lingmin Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jialiang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Chenhong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Jiahui Song
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lexin Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yao Pei
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Lina Xuan
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yanjie Lu
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhi-Ren Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation (Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Baofeng Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Yue Li
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation (Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
| | - Zhenwei Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education, International Cooperation Base for Major Cardiovascular Diseases in Cold Regions, China) College of Pharmacy (D.L., Changzhu Li, Z.Z., K.G., H.B., J.Y., K.S., L. Zhang, J.L., Chenhong Li, J.S., L. Zhao, Y.P., L.X., Y.Z., Y. Lu, B.Y., Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Cardiology (Y. Liu, D.Y., X.Z., Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation (Z.-R.Z., Y. Li, Z.P.), First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, China
- Research Unit of Noninfectious Chronic Diseases in Frigid Zone, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 2019 Research Unit 070, Harbin, China (Z.P.)
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Ou W, Liu H, Chen C, Yang C, Zhao X, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Huang S, Mo H, Lu W, Wang X, Chen A, Yan J, Song X. Spexin inhibits excessive autophagy-induced ferroptosis to alleviate doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by upregulating Beclin 1. Br J Pharmacol 2024. [PMID: 38961632 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Doxorubicin is widely used in the treatment of malignant tumours, but doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity severely limits its clinical application. Spexin is a neuropeptide that acts as a novel biomarker in cardiovascular disease. However, the effects of spexin on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We established a model of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Levels of cardiac damage in mice was assessed through cardiac function assessment, determination of serum cardiac troponin T and CKMB levels and histological examination. CCK8 and PI staining were used to assess the doxorubicin-induced toxicity in cultures of cardiomyocytes in vitro. Ferroptosis was assessed using FerroOrange staining, determination of MDA and 4-HNE content and ferroptosis-associated proteins SLC7A11 and GPX4. Mitochondrial membrane potential and lipid peroxidation levels were measured using TMRE and C11-BODIPY 581/591 probes, respectively. Myocardial autophagy was assessed by expression of P62 and Beclin1. KEY RESULTS Spexin treatment improved heart function of mice with doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity, and attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreasing iron accumulation, abnormal lipid metabolism and inhibiting ferroptosis. Interestingly, doxorubicin caused excessive autophagy in cardiomyocyte in culture, which could be alleviated by treatment with spexin. Knockdown of Beclin 1 eliminated the protective effects of spexin in mice with DIC. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Spexin ameliorated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting excessive autophagy-induced ferroptosis, suggesting that spexin could be a drug candidate against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Beclin 1 might be critical in mediating the protective effect of spexin against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haiqiong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Suqian First People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suqian, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaqiang Mo
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weizhe Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianbao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Health Management, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xudong Song
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Guangzhou, China
- Sino-Japanese Cooperation Platform for Translational Research in Heart Failure, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Patel K, Smith NJ. Primary cilia, A-kinase anchoring proteins and constitutive activity at the orphan G protein-coupled receptor GPR161: A tale about a tail. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:2182-2196. [PMID: 36772847 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile antennae-like structures responsible for sensing environmental changes in most mammalian cells. Ciliary signalling is largely mediated by the Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) pathway, which acts as a master regulator of ciliary protein transit and is essential for normal embryonic development. One particularly important player in primary cilia is the orphan G protein-coupled receptor, GPR161. In this review, we introduce GPR161 in the context of Shh signalling and describe the unique features on its C-terminus such as PKA phosphorylation sites and an A-kinase anchoring protein motif, which may influence the function of the receptor, cAMP compartmentalisation and/or trafficking within primary cilia. We discuss the recent putative pairing of GPR161 and spexin-1, highlighting the additional steps needed before GPR161 could be considered 'deorphanised'. Finally, we speculate that the marked constitutive activity and unconventional regulation of GPR161 may indicate that the receptor may not require an endogenous ligand. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue Therapeutic Targeting of G Protein-Coupled Receptors: hot topics from the Australasian Society of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists 2021 Virtual Annual Scientific Meeting. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.14/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinjal Patel
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola J Smith
- Orphan Receptor Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia
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9
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Chen X, Feng Y, Dai S, Guo B, Yan L, Liu J, Zhu H. Advances in research on spexin-mediated regulation of reproductive function in vertebrates. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1422711. [PMID: 38915898 PMCID: PMC11194384 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1422711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX, NPQ) is a 14-amino acid neuroactive peptide identified using bioinformatics. This amino acid sequence of the mature spexin peptide has been highly conserved during species evolution and is widely distributed in the central nervous system and peripheral tissues and organs. Therefore, spexin may play a role in various biological functions. Spexin, the cognate ligand for GALR2/3, acting as a neuromodulator or endocrine signaling factor, can inhibit reproductive performance. However, controversies and gaps in knowledge persist regarding spexin-mediated regulation of animal reproductive functions. This review focuses on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of spexin on reproduction. Through this review, we aim to enhance understanding and obtain in-depth insights into the regulation of reproduction by spexin peptides, thereby providing a scientific basis for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of spexin on reproductive function. Such investigations hold potential benefits for optimizing farming practices in livestock, poultry, and fish industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shudi Dai
- School of Life Science, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Binbin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, China
| | - Leyan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, China
| | - Huanxi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Livestock Integration, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Precision Animal Breeding, Nanjing, China
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10
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Lee DH, Kim J, Kim HY. Temporal trend of age at menarche in Korean females born between 1927 and 2004: a population-based study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1399984. [PMID: 38894747 PMCID: PMC11182987 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1399984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds The age at menarche has decreased worldwide. Previous studies on Korean adolescents have reported a downward trend in age at menarche. This study aimed to investigate the current trends in age at menarche among Korean adolescents using nationally representative data. Materials and methods The study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2021. A total of 50,730 females born between 1927 and 2004 with information on age at menarche were included. The trend in age at menarche was analyzed according to 15 birth-year groups (with 5-year intervals) using quantile regression analysis. Results The mean age at menarche decreased from 16.92 ± 0.06 years for females born before 1935 to 12.45 ± 0.04 years for females born between 2000 and 2004 (p <.001). According to the percentile group of age at menarche, mean menarche age decreased by -0.071 years per year (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.072 to -0.070) in total, -0.050 years per year (95% CI, -0.052 to -0.048) in the 3rd percentile group, -0.088 years per year (95% CI, -0.091 to -0.085) in the 97th percentile group (p <.001 for all). A decreasing trend of age at menarche was more prominent in the obesity group (-0.080 years per year, 95% CI, -0.082 to -0.078) compared to the non-obesity group (-0.069 years per year, 95% CI, -0.071 to -0.068) (p <.001 for both). Conclusion Ongoing downward trend in age at menarche was observed in Korean females born until 2004, decreasing by 0.71 years per decade. The downward trend was faster in individuals with a higher percentile of age at menarche and in those with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hye Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Mahdavi K, Zendehdel M, Zarei H. The role of central neurotransmitters in appetite regulation of broilers and layers: similarities and differences. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:1313-1328. [PMID: 38286893 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
The importance of feeding as a vital physiological function, on the one hand, and the spread of complications induced by its disorder in humans and animals, on the other hand, have led to extensive research on its regulatory factors. Unfortunately, despite many studies focused on appetite, only limited experiments have been conducted on avian, and our knowledge of this species is scant. Considering this, the purpose of this review article is to examine the role of central neurotransmitters in regulating food consumption in broilers and layers and highlight the similarities and differences between these two strains. The methodology of this review study includes a comprehensive search of relevant literature on the topic using appropriate keywords in reliable electronic databases. Based on the findings, the central effect of most neurotransmitters on the feeding of broilers and laying chickens was similar, but in some cases, such as dopamine, ghrelin, nitric oxide, and agouti-related peptide, differences were observed. Also, the lack of conducting a study on the role of some neurotransmitters in one of the bird strains made it impossible to make an exact comparison. Finally, it seems that although there are general similarities in appetite regulatory mechanisms in meat and egg-type chickens, the long-term genetic selection appropriate to breeding goals (meat or egg production) has caused differences in the effect of some neurotransmitters. Undoubtedly, conducting future studies while completing the missing links can lead to a comprehensive understanding of this process and its manipulation according to the breeding purposes of chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Mahdavi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6453, Iran
| | - Morteza Zendehdel
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, 14155-6453, Iran.
| | - Hamed Zarei
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Liu Y, Wu D, Zheng H, Ni Y, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Dai J, Sun Q, Zhao Y, Zhang Q, Yang Y, Liu R. Serum Spexin Level Is Negatively Associated With Peripheral Neuropathy and Sensory Pain in Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2024; 2024:4538199. [PMID: 38919263 PMCID: PMC11199070 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4538199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Spexin is a novel peptide hormone and has shown antinociceptive effects in experimental mice. This study is aimed at evaluating the association of serum spexin level with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and related pain in a Chinese population. Methods: We enrolled 167 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) including 56 patients without DPN (non-DPN), 67 painless DPN, and 44 painful DPN. Serum spexin was measured using ELISA. Logistic regression models were performed to analyze the independent effects of spexin on prevalence of DPN and painful DPN. In streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, mechanical pain threshold was measured using electronic von Frey aesthesiometer. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and further stimulated with lipopolysaccharide without or with spexin. The gene expression was assayed by qPCR. Results: Compared with non-DPN, serum spexin level decreased in painless DPN and further decreased in painful DPN. The odds of DPN was associated with low spexin level in T2DM, which was similar by age, sex, BMI, and diabetes duration, but attenuated in smokers. The odds of having pain was associated with decreased spexin level in DPN, which was similar by age, sex, smoking status, and diabetes duration, but attenuated in normal weight. Furthermore, we observed that mechanical pain threshold increased in spexin-treated diabetic mice. We also found that lipopolysaccharide treatment increased the mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6, and MCP-1 in human PBMCs, while spexin treatment prevented this increase. Conclusions: These results suggested that spexin might serve as a protective factor for diabetes against neuropathology and pain-related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Hangping Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yunzhi Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Zhu
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yaojing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiarong Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Quanya Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yehong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismHuashan HospitalFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and DiabetesFudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
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13
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Istiban MN, De Fruyt N, Kenis S, Beets I. Evolutionary conserved peptide and glycoprotein hormone-like neuroendocrine systems in C. elegans. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 584:112162. [PMID: 38290646 PMCID: PMC11004728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Peptides and protein hormones form the largest group of secreted signals that mediate intercellular communication and are central regulators of physiology and behavior in all animals. Phylogenetic analyses and biochemical identifications of peptide-receptor systems reveal a broad evolutionary conservation of these signaling systems at the molecular level. Substantial progress has been made in recent years on characterizing the physiological and putative ancestral roles of many peptide systems through comparative studies in invertebrate models. Several peptides and protein hormones are not only molecularly conserved but also have conserved roles across animal phyla. Here, we focus on functional insights gained in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that, with its compact and well-described nervous system, provides a powerful model to dissect neuroendocrine signaling networks involved in the control of physiology and behavior. We summarize recent discoveries on the evolutionary conservation and knowledge on the functions of peptide and protein hormone systems in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majdulin Nabil Istiban
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan De Fruyt
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Signe Kenis
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabel Beets
- Neural Signaling and Circuit Plasticity, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Bufano A, Iraci Sareri G, Ciuoli C, Cantara S, Marzocchi C, Benenati N, Batzibal MS, Bombardieri A, Caprio S, Sannino I, Voglino C, Tirone A, Vuolo G, Dalmiglio C, Castagna MG. Normalization of Spexin Levels in Patients with Obesity Submitted to Bariatric Surgery. Obes Surg 2024; 34:449-455. [PMID: 38072893 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spexin is expressed by white fat tissue and other endocrine organs. A negative correlation between spexin and gluco-lipidic metabolism, energy homeostasis, and food intake has been reported. The objectives of this study are (1) to compare spexin levels between patients with obesity (study group) and normal-weight subjects (control group); (2) to evaluate spexin levels after bariatric surgery; and (3) to identify a correlation between spexin and weight loss/metabolic profile of patients with obesity. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined 53 patients with obesity (mean BMI 48.5 ± 9.4 kg/m2) who underwent bariatric surgery, compared to 55 normal-weight subjects. Serum spexin levels were assessed at baseline (study and control group) and at 3 and 6 months after surgery in patients with obesity. RESULTS Spexin at baseline was significantly lower in the study group (p < 0.0001). At 3 and 6 months after bariatric surgery, spexin significantly increased compared to pre-surgical levels (p < 0.001) reaching control group levels (p = 0.08) at 6 months. In patients with obesity, pre-surgical spexin was similar in patients with and without comorbidities. No correlation between spexin and C-reactive protein (p = 0.8) and HOMA index (p = 0.5) was found. A significant negative correlation between age and pre-surgical spexin was observed (p = 0.03). At multivariable analysis, no correlation between Δ spexin and pre-surgery BMI, HOMA index, age, and 6-month TWL% was found. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that patients with obesity have significantly lower spexin levels than healthy subjects. After surgery, spexin levels of the study group become similar to those observed in the normal-weight group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Bufano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Gabriele Iraci Sareri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Ciuoli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Cantara
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Carlotta Marzocchi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Benenati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Simon Batzibal
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessio Bombardieri
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Sonia Caprio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Ida Sannino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Costantino Voglino
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Andrea Tirone
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vuolo
- Department of General and Specialized Surgery, Unit of Bariatric Surgery, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Cristina Dalmiglio
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Castagna
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, UOC Endocrinology, University of Siena, Viale Bracci, 16, 53100, Siena, Italy.
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15
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Chen J, Yang L, Chen Y, Yuan W, Chen Y, Liang H, Miao M, He G, Wang Z. Associations between maternal urinary kisspeptin in late pregnancy and decreased fetal growth: a pregnancy-birth cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1257248. [PMID: 38318290 PMCID: PMC10839029 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1257248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Kisspeptin has been indicated to be a biomarker of fetal growth. Although some evidence suggested that maternal kisspeptin concentrations in early pregnancy were associated with increased fetal growth, studies are still limited and the effect of kisspeptin in late pregnancy remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between maternal kisspeptin in late pregnancy and fetal growth. Methods Based on the Shanghai-Minhang Birth Cohort study, 724 mother-neonate pairs were included in this study. We measured maternal kisspeptin concentrations in the urine samples collected in late pregnancy and neonatal anthropometric indices at birth. The associations between maternal kisspeptin and neonatal anthropometry were investigated using multiple linear regression models. Results Higher maternal urinary kisspeptin concentrations were associated with lower neonatal birth weight, head circumference, upper arm circumference, abdominal skinfold thickness, triceps skinfold thickness, and back skinfold thickness. The inverse associations were more pronounced for the highest kisspeptin levels versus the lowest. These patterns were consistent in analyses stratified by neonatal sex, with notably stable associations between maternal kisspeptin concentrations and skinfold thickness. Conclusion The present study suggested that maternal kisspeptin concentrations in late pregnancy might be inversely associated with fetal growth. The physiological mechanisms of maternal kisspeptin might differ from those in early pregnancy. Further studies are required to assess associations between maternal kisspeptin and energy homeostasis and explore the physiological roles of kisspeptin in late pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxian Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yafei Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Liang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Maohua Miao
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
| | - Gengsheng He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation, Shanghai Institute for Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Shanghai, China
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16
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Patel B, Koysombat K, Mills EG, Tsoutsouki J, Comninos AN, Abbara A, Dhillo WS. The Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Kisspeptin and Neurokinin B. Endocr Rev 2024; 45:30-68. [PMID: 37467734 PMCID: PMC10765167 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Kisspeptin (KP) and neurokinin B (NKB) are neuropeptides that govern the reproductive endocrine axis through regulating hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal activity and pulsatile GnRH secretion. Their critical role in reproductive health was first identified after inactivating variants in genes encoding for KP or NKB signaling were shown to result in congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and a failure of pubertal development. Over the past 2 decades since their discovery, a wealth of evidence from both basic and translational research has laid the foundation for potential therapeutic applications. Beyond KP's function in the hypothalamus, it is also expressed in the placenta, liver, pancreas, adipose tissue, bone, and limbic regions, giving rise to several avenues of research for use in the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy, metabolic, liver, bone, and behavioral disorders. The role played by NKB in stimulating the hypothalamic thermoregulatory center to mediate menopausal hot flashes has led to the development of medications that antagonize its action as a novel nonsteroidal therapeutic agent for this indication. Furthermore, the ability of NKB antagonism to partially suppress (but not abolish) the reproductive endocrine axis has supported its potential use for the treatment of various reproductive disorders including polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, and endometriosis. This review will provide a comprehensive up-to-date overview of the preclinical and clinical data that have paved the way for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications of KP and NKB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijal Patel
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Kanyada Koysombat
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Jovanna Tsoutsouki
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Investigative Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College School of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, 72 Du Cane Rd, London, W12 0HS, UK
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17
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Gallagher DM, O'Harte FPM, Irwin N. An update on galanin and spexin and their potential for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related metabolic disorders. Peptides 2024; 171:171096. [PMID: 37714335 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) and galanin (GAL) are two neuropeptides widely expressed in the central nervous system as well as within peripheral tissues in humans and other species. SPX and GAL mediate their biological actions through binding and activation of galanin receptors (GALR), namely GALR1, GALR2 and GLAR3. GAL appears to trigger all three galanin receptors, whereas SPX interacts more specifically with GALR2 and GLAR3. Whilst the biological effects of GAL have been well-described over the years, in-depth knowledge of physiological action profile of SPX is still in its preliminary stages. However, it is recognised that both peptides play a significant role in modulating overall energy homeostasis, suggesting possible therapeutically exploitable benefits in diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Accordingly, although both peptides activate GALR's, it appears GAL may be more useful for the treatment of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia, whereas SPX may find therapeutic application for obesity and obesity-driven forms of diabetes. This short narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date account of SPX and GAL biology together with putative approaches on exploiting these peptides for the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Gallagher
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Finbarr P M O'Harte
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Nigel Irwin
- Diabetes Research Centre, Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
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18
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Cichoń L, Pałasz A, Wilczyński KM, Suszka-Świtek A, Żmijowska A, Jelonek I, Janas-Kozik M. Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Concentrations of Phoenixin, Spexin, Nesfatin-1 and Kisspeptin as Potential Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder in the Pediatric Population. Biomedicines 2023; 12:84. [PMID: 38255190 PMCID: PMC10813295 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
There are some initial suggestions in the literature that phoenixin, spexin, nesfatin-1 and kisspeptin may play a role in the pathogenesis of affective disorders. Therefore, they may also be cautiously considered as potential diagnostic or predictive biomarkers of BD. This study aimed to evaluate the levels of the aforementioned neuropeptides in the peripheral blood of children and adolescents with bipolar. This study included 122 individuals: 67 persons with diagnosed bipolar disorder types I and II constituted the study group, and 55 healthy persons were included in the control group. Statistically significant differences in the concentrations of neuropeptides between the control and study groups were noted in relation to nesfatin-1 and spexin (although spexin lost statistical significance after introducing the Bonferroni correction). In a logistic regression analysis, an increased risk of bipolar disorder was noted for a decrease in nesfatin-1 concentration. Lower levels of nesfatin-1 seemed to be a significant risk factor for the development of bipolar disorder types I and II. Furthermore, the occurrence of bipolar disorder was associated with significantly elevated levels of spexin. None of the analyzed neuropeptides was significantly correlated with the number of symptoms of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Cichoń
- Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Artur Pałasz
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof M. Wilczyński
- Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Suszka-Świtek
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Żmijowska
- Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Jelonek
- Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Janas-Kozik
- Department of Developmental Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, John Paul II Pediatric Centre in Sosnowiec, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland
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19
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Liu J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Cheng Q, Liu H, He L, Chen L, Zhao T, Liang P, Luo W. Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Identifies Angiotensinogen and Galanin as Unique Molecular Markers of Acinar Cells in Murine Salivary Glands. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:758-767. [PMID: 37823745 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2023.0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The submandibular gland (SMG) and sublingual gland (SLG) are two of three major salivary glands in mammals and comprise serous and mucous acinar cells. The two glands share some functional properties, which are largely dependent on the types of acinar cells. In recent years, while ScRNA-seq (single-cell sequencing) with a 10 × platform has been used to explore molecular markers in salivary glands, few studies have examined the acinar heterogeneity and unique molecular markers between SMG and SLG. This study aimed to identify the molecular markers of acinar cells in the SLG and SMG. We performed ScRNA-seq analyses in 4-week-old mice and verified the screened molecular markers using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Our results showed prominently heterogeneous acinar cells, although there was great similarity in the cluster composition between the two glands at 4 weeks. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Agt is a specific marker of SMG serous acinar cells, whereas Gal is a specific marker of SLG mucous acinar cells. Trajectory inference revealed that Agt and Gal represent two types of differential acinar cell clusters during late development in adults. Thus, we reveal previously unknown specific markers for salivary acinar cell diversity, which has extensive implications for their further functional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingming Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yanan Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianyu Cheng
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Huikai Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liwen He
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Panpan Liang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, and Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Laboratory Animal Ceter, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Gimeno-Ferrer F, Eitner A, Bauer R, Lehmenkühler A, Schaible HG, Richter F. Cortical spreading depolarization is a potential target for rat brain excitability modulation by Galanin. Exp Neurol 2023; 370:114569. [PMID: 37827229 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The inhibitory neuropeptide Galanin (Gal) has been shown to mediate anticonvulsion and neuroprotection. Here we investigated whether Gal affects cortical spreading depolarization (CSD). CSD is considered the pathophysiological neuronal mechanism of migraine aura, and a neuronal mechanism aggravating brain damage upon afflictions of the brain. Immunohistochemistry localized Gal and the Gal receptors 1-3 (GalR1-3) in native rat cortex and evaluated microglial morphology after exposure to Gal. In anesthetized rats, Gal was applied alone and together with the GalR antagonists M40, M871, or SNAP 37889 locally to the exposed cortex. The spontaneous electrocorticogram and CSDs evoked by remote KCl pressure microinjection were measured. In rat cortex, Gal was present in all neurons of all cortical layers, but not in astrocytes, microglia and vessels. GalR2 and GalR3 were expressed throughout all neurons, whereas GalR1 was preponderantly located at neurons in layers IV and V, but only in about half of the neurons. In susceptible rats, topical application of Gal on cortex decreased CSD amplitude, slowed CSD propagation velocity, and increased the threshold for KCl to ignite CSD. In some rats, washout of previously applied Gal induced periods of epileptiform patterns in the electrocorticogram. Blockade of GalR2 by M871 robustly prevented all Gal effects on CSD, whereas blockade of GalR1 or GalR3 was less effective. Although microglia did not express GalRs, topical application of Gal changed microglial morphology indicating microglial activation. This effect of Gal on microglia was prevented by blocking neuronal GalR2. In conclusion, Gal has the potential to ameliorate CSD thus reducing pathophysiological neuronal events caused by or associated with CSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Gimeno-Ferrer
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena D-07740, Germany
| | - Annett Eitner
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, Experimental Trauma Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena D-07740, Germany
| | - Reinhard Bauer
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, CMB-Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena D-07740, Germany
| | | | - Hans-Georg Schaible
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena D-07740, Germany
| | - Frank Richter
- Institute of Physiology 1/Neurophysiology, Jena University Hospital, Jena D-07740, Germany.
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21
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Абсатарова ЮС, Евсеева ЮС, Андреева ЕН. [Neuroendocrine features of the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (literature review)]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:107-114. [PMID: 37968958 PMCID: PMC10680539 DOI: 10.14341/probl13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most pressing problems in endocrine gynecology. The main signs of the disease are hyperandrogenism, menstrual and/or ovulatory dysfunction, and polycystic ovarian structure according to ultrasound. Women with PCOS are at risk for developing metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. In this connection, the pathogenetic mechanisms of the occurrence of this syndrome are continuously studied and new methods of treatment are being sought. PCOS is characterized by a wide range of various disorders of the neuroendocrine regulation of the reproductive system. The main focus of the review is aimed at summarizing information about the etiological role of neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, such as phoenixin, galanins, orexins, GABA, in the pathophysiology of PCOS and about the possibility of their use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent decades, the interest of scientists has been focused on the study of KNDy neurons, because it is the kisspeptin synthesized by them that is one of the main regulators of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. This article discusses data on the significance of KNDy neurons in the pathogenesis of the syndrome. Information is provided on the effect of elevated levels of androgens and anti-Müllerian hormone on GnRH neurons. Also analyzed are studies on functional and structural disorders in the hypothalamus in PCOS. Literature search was carried out in national (eLibrary, CyberLeninka.ru) and international (PubMed, Cochrane Library) databases in Russian and English. The priority was free access to the full text of articles. The choice of sources was prioritized for the period from 2018 to 2023.However, taking into account the insufficient knowledge of the chosen topic, the choice of sources dates back to 1998.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ю. С. Евсеева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Е. Н. Андреева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии; Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет имени А.И. Евдокимова
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22
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Chen Q, Zhang XY, Wang YP, Fu YJ, Cao F, Xu YN, Kong JG, Tian NX, Xu Y, Wang Y. Unveiling adcyap1 as a protective factor linking pain and nerve regeneration through single-cell RNA sequencing of rat dorsal root ganglion neurons. BMC Biol 2023; 21:235. [PMID: 37880634 PMCID: PMC10601282 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe peripheral nerve injury (PNI) often leads to significant movement disorders and intractable pain. Therefore, promoting nerve regeneration while avoiding neuropathic pain is crucial for the clinical treatment of PNI patients. However, established animal models for peripheral neuropathy fail to accurately recapitulate the clinical features of PNI. Additionally, researchers usually investigate neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration separately, leaving the intrinsic relationship between the development of neuropathic pain and nerve regeneration after PNI unclear. To explore the underlying connections between pain and regeneration after PNI and provide potential molecular targets, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and functional verification in an established rat model, allowing simultaneous study of the neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration after PNI. RESULTS First, a novel rat model named spared nerve crush (SNC) was created. In this model, two branches of the sciatic nerve were crushed, but the epineurium remained unsevered. This model successfully recapitulated both neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration after PNI, allowing for the study of the intrinsic link between these two crucial biological processes. Dorsal root ganglions (DRGs) from SNC and naïve rats at various time points after SNC were collected for single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). After matching all scRNA-seq data to the 7 known DRG types, we discovered that the PEP1 and PEP3 DRG neuron subtypes increased in crushed and uncrushed DRG separately after SNC. Using experimental design scRNA-seq processing (EDSSP), we identified Adcyap1 as a potential gene contributing to both pain and nerve regeneration. Indeed, repeated intrathecal administration of PACAP38 mitigated pain and facilitated axonal regeneration, while Adcyap1 siRNA or PACAP6-38, an antagonist of PAC1R (a receptor of PACAP38) led to both mechanical hyperalgesia and delayed DRG axon regeneration in SNC rats. Moreover, these effects can be reversed by repeated intrathecal administration of PACAP38 in the acute phase but not the late phase after PNI, resulting in alleviated pain and promoted axonal regeneration. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that Adcyap1 is an intrinsic protective factor linking neuropathic pain and axonal regeneration following PNI. This finding provides new potential targets and strategies for early therapeutic intervention of PNI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chen
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xi-Yin Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu-Pu Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun-Jie Fu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yi-Nuo Xu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jin-Ge Kong
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Na-Xi Tian
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, National Health Commission and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Peking University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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23
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Cha JJ, Park BY, Yoon SG, Park HJ, Yoo JA, Ghee JY, Cha DR, Seong JY, Kang YS. Spexin-based galanin receptor 2 agonist improves renal injury in mice with type 2 diabetes. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2023; 27:187-196. [PMID: 37789932 PMCID: PMC10543361 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2023.2263067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The spexin-based GALR2 agonist (NS200) is a novel drug, which has shown antidepressant and anxiolytic action in a recent experimental study. In this study, we investigated the effects of NS200 on renal injury in an animal model of type 2 diabetes. Eight-week-old diabetic db/db mice were administered NS200 for 12 weeks. NS200 was intraperitoneally administered at a dose of 1.0 mg/kg/day. Metabolic parameters and structural and molecular changes in the kidneys were compared among the three groups: non-diabetic db/m control, db/db mice, and NS200-treated db/db mice. In db/db mice, NS200 administration did not impact the body weight, food and water intake, urinary volume, fasting blood glucose level, or HbA1c levels. Insulin and glucose tolerance were also unaffected by NS200 treatment. However, NS200 improved urinary albumin excretion and glomerulosclerosis in diabetic kidneys. Activation of TGFβ1 and insulin signaling pathways, such as PI3 K /AKT/ERK, were inhibited by NS200. In conclusion, a spexin-based GALR2 agonist attenuated diabetic nephropathy by alleviating renal fibrosis in mice with type 2 diabetes. Spexin-based GALR2 agonists have considerable potential as novel treatment agents in diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Joo Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Boo Yeon Park
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Gi Yoon
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Ae Yoo
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Ghee
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ryong Cha
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Seong
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Sun Kang
- Department of Nephrology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Bavato F, Schnider LK, Dornbierer DA, Seifritz E. Oral sodium oxybate does not alter plasma kisspeptin levels in healthy male volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2023; 37:942-944. [PMID: 37401623 DOI: 10.1177/02698811231185097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB, clinically administrated as sodium oxybate) is a GABA-B/GHB receptor agonist inducing prosexual effects and progesterone secretion in humans. As the neuropeptide kisspeptin has well-established roles in regulating sexual behavior and as it was also associated with GABA-B receptor and progesterone function, we investigated the effect of two GHB doses (20 and 35 mg/kg p.o.) on plasma kisspeptin levels in 30 healthy male volunteers, using a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled cross-over design. We found no significant alterations of kisspeptin levels after GHB administration compared to placebo. In conclusion, plasma kisspeptin levels are not related to the prosexual effects of GHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bavato
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laura K Schnider
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dario A Dornbierer
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erich Seifritz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich, Switzerland
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Indirli R, Lanzi V, Arosio M, Mantovani G, Ferrante E. The association of hypogonadism with depression and its treatments. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1198437. [PMID: 37635965 PMCID: PMC10449581 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1198437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
According to World Health Organization estimates, 5% of the adult population worldwide suffers from depression. In addition to the affective, psychomotor and cognitive symptoms which characterize this mood disorder, sexual dysfunction has been frequently reported among men suffering from depression. The most common sexual manifestations are decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and orgasmic disorder. In addition, epidemiological studies have documented a reduction of testosterone concentrations in men with depression and, for these reasons, depressive disorders appear as one possible cause of male functional hypogonadism. Moreover, some largely used antidepressant medications can cause or worsen sexual complaints, thus depression and its treatments rise several andrological-relevant issues. The other way round, men with hypogonadism can manifest depressed mood, anxiety, insomnia, memory impairment which, if mild, may respond to testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). However, the prevalence of functional hypogonadism in depression, and of depressive symptoms in hypogonadal men, is not known. Severe depressive symptoms do not respond to TRT, while the effect of treating major depression on functional hypogonadism, has not been investigated. Overall, the clinical relevance of each condition to the other, as well as the physiopathological underpinnings of their relationship, are still to be clarified. The present review summarizes current evidence on the influence of testosterone on mood and of depression on the hypothalamic-pituitary-testis axis; the clinical association between male hypogonadism and depression; and the reciprocal effects of respective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Indirli
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Lanzi
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Maura Arosio
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Mantovani
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Ferrante
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Zhu S, Wang S, Luo T. Exogenous galanin alleviates hepatic steatosis by promoting autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023:109689. [PMID: 37429535 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Defective autophagy-induced intracellular lipid degradation is causally associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Therefore, agents that can restore autophagy may have potential clinical application prospects on this public health issue. Galanin (GAL) is a pleiotropic peptide that regulates autophagy and is a potential drug for the treatment of NAFLD. In this study, we used an MCD-induced NAFLD mouse model in vivo and an FFA-induced HepG2 hepatocyte model in vitro to evaluate the anti-NAFLD effect of GAL. Exogenous GAL supplementation significantly attenuated lipid droplet accumulation and suppressed hepatocyte TG levels in mice and cell models. Mechanistically, Galanin-mediated reduction of lipid accumulation was positively correlated with upregulated p-AMPK, as evidenced by upregulated protein expressions of fatty acid oxidation-related gene markers (PPAR-α and CPT1A), upregulated expressions of the autophagy-related marker (LC3B), and downregulated autophagic substrate p62 levels. In FFA-treated HepG2 cells, activation of fatty acid oxidation and autophagy-related proteins by galanin was reversed by autophagy inhibitors, chloroquine, and the AMPK inhibitor. Galanin ameliorates hepatic fat accumulation by inducing autophagy and fatty acid oxidation via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyuan Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Tao Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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Li S, Zhai J, Chu W, Geng X, Wang D, Jiao L, Lu G, Chan WY, Sun K, Sun Y, Chen ZJ, Du Y. Alleviation of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in polycystic ovary syndrome protects against circadian dysrhythmia-induced dyslipidemia via capric acid and GALR1 signaling. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:47. [PMID: 37422471 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Knowledge gaps that limit the development of therapies for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) concern various environmental factors that impact clinical characteristics. Circadian dysrhythmia contributes to glycometabolic and reproductive hallmarks of PCOS. Here, we illustrated the amelioration of Limosilactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) on biorhythm disorder-ignited dyslipidemia of PCOS via a microbiota-metabolite-liver axis. A rat model of long-term (8 weeks) darkness treatment was used to mimic circadian dysrhythmia-induced PCOS. Hepatic transcriptomics certified by in vitro experiments demonstrated that increased hepatic galanin receptor 1 (GALR1) due to darkness exposure functioned as a critical upstream factor in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B pathway to suppress nuclear receptors subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (NR1D1) and promoted sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1), inducing lipid accumulation in the liver. Further investigations figured out a restructured microbiome-metabolome network following L. reuteri administration to protect darkness rats against dyslipidemia. Notably, L. reuteri intervention resulted in the decrease of Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Ruminococcaceae UCG-010 as well as gut microbiota-derived metabolite capric acid, which could further inhibit GALR1-NR1D1-SREBP1 pathway in the liver. In addition, GALR antagonist M40 reproduced similar ameliorative effects as L. reuteri to protect against dyslipidemia. While exogenous treatment of capric acid restrained the protective effects of L. reuteri in circadian disruption-induced PCOS through inhibiting GALR1-dependent hepatic lipid metabolism. These findings purport that L. reuteri could serve for circadian disruption-associated dyslipidemia. Manipulation of L. reuteri-capric acid-GALR1 axis paves way for clinical therapeutic strategies to prevent biorhythm disorder-ignited dyslipidemia in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Junyu Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Weiwei Chu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Xueying Geng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Dongshuang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Luwei Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Gang Lu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shandong University Joint Laboratory on Reproductive Genetics, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
- NMU-SD Suzhou Collaborative Innovation Center for Reproductive Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yanzhi Du
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200135, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Shanghai, 200135, China.
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Fujii N, Rakwal R, Shibato J, Tanabe Y, Kenny GP, Amano T, Mündel T, Lei TH, Watanabe K, Kondo N, Nishiyasu T. Galanin receptors modulate cutaneous vasodilation elicited by whole-body and local heating but not thermal sweating in young adults. Eur J Pharmacol 2023:175904. [PMID: 37422121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
Galanin receptor subtypes GAL1, GAL2, and GAL3 are involved in several biological functions. We hypothesized that 1) GAL3 receptor activation contributes to sweating but limits cutaneous vasodilation induced by whole-body and local heating without a contribution of GAL2; and 2) GAL1 receptor activation attenuates both sweating and cutaneous vasodilation during whole-body heating. Young adults underwent whole-body (n = 12, 6 females) and local (n = 10, 4 females) heating. Forearm sweat rate (ventilated capsule) and cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; ratio of laser-Doppler blood flow to mean arterial pressure) were assessed during whole-body heating (water-perfusion suit circulated with warm (35 °C) water), while CVC was also assessed by local forearm heating (33 °C-39 °C and elevated to 42 °C thereafter; each level of heating maintained for ∼30 min). Sweat rate and CVC were evaluated at four intradermal microdialysis forearm sites treated with either 1) 5% dimethyl sulfoxide (control), 2) M40, a non-selective GAL1 and GAL2 receptor antagonist, 3) M871 to selectively antagonize GAL2 receptor, or 4) SNAP398299 to selectively antagonize GAL3 receptor. Sweating was not modulated by any GAL receptor antagonist (P > 0.169), whereas only M40 reduced CVC (P ≤ 0.003) relative to control during whole-body heating. Relative to control, SNAP398299 augmented the initial and sustained increase in CVC during local heating to 39 °C, and the transient increase at 42 °C (P ≤ 0.028). We confirmed that while none of the galanin receptors modulate sweating during whole-body heating, GAL1 receptors mediate cutaneous vasodilation. Further, GAL3 receptors blunt cutaneous vasodilation during local heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fujii
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Junko Shibato
- Clinical Medicine Research Laboratory, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yoko Tanabe
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Glen P Kenny
- Human and Environmental Physiology Research Unit, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - Tatsuro Amano
- Laboratory for Exercise and Environmental Physiology, Faculty of Education, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Toby Mündel
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.
| | - Tze-Huan Lei
- College of Physical Education, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, China.
| | - Koichi Watanabe
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Narihiko Kondo
- Laboratory for Applied Human Physiology, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Nishiyasu
- Advanced Research Initiative for Human High Performance (ARIHHP), Japan; Institute of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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Liu T, Yang M, Wu Y, Bu G, Han X, Du X, Liang Q, Cao X, Huang A, Zeng X, Meng F. PNX14 but not PNX20 as a novel regulator of preadipocyte differentiation via activating Epac-ERK signaling pathway in Gallus gallus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 335:114232. [PMID: 36774983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Small integral membrane protein 20 (SMIM20) could generate two main peptides, PNX14 and PNX20, which participate in multiple biological roles such as reproduction, inflammation and energy metabolism in mammals. However, little is known about their physiological functions in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using chicken (c-) as an animal model, we found cSMIM20 was moderately expressed in adipose tissues, and its expression was gradually increased during the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes, suggesting that it may play an important role in chicken adipogenesis. Further research showed cPNX14 could facilitate the differentiation of chicken preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by enhancing expression of adipogenic genes including PPARγ, CEBPα and FABP4, and promoting the formation of lipid droplets. This pro-adipogenic effect of cPNX14 was completely attenuated by Epac-specific and ERK inhibitor. Interestingly, cPNX20 failed to regulate the adipogenic genes and lipid droplet content. Collectively, our findings reveal that cPNX14 but not cPNX20 can serve as a novel adipogenesis mediator by activating the Epac-ERK signaling pathway in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuoyuan Liu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Ming Yang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Yuping Wu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Du
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Qiuxia Liang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Xinkang Road, Ya'an 625014, PR China.
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He L, Huang C, Wang H, Yang N, Zhang J, Xu L, Gu T, Li Z, Chen Y. Galanin ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice by activating AMPK/ACC signaling and modifying macrophage inflammatory phenotype. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1161676. [PMID: 37180164 PMCID: PMC10169601 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1161676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Galanin is a naturally occurring peptide that plays a critical role in regulating inflammation and energy metabolism, with expression in the liver. The exact involvement of galanin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and related fibrosis remains controversial. Methods The effects of subcutaneously administered galanin were studied in mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) induced by a high-fat and high-cholesterol diet for 8 weeks, and in mice with liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 for 7 weeks. The underlying mechanism was also studied in vitro on murine macrophage cells (J774A.1 and RAW264.7). Results Galanin reduced inflammation, CD68-positive cell count, MCP-1 level, and mRNA levels of inflammation-related genes in the liver of NASH mice. It also mitigated liver injury and fibrosis caused by CCl4. In vitro, galanin had anti-inflammatory effects on murine macrophages, including reduced phagocytosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Galanin also activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) signaling. Conclusion Galanin ameliorates liver inflammation and fibrosis in mice, potentially by modifying macrophage inflammatory phenotype and activating AMPK/ACC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingnan He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Endoscopy Center, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endoscopic, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Naibin Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo Hospital of Zhejiang University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianbin Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Leiming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghong Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanwen Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Geriatrics, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Ivanova D, O'Byrne KT. Optogenetics studies of kisspeptin neurons. Peptides 2023; 162:170961. [PMID: 36731655 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.170961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Optical systems and genetic engineering technologies have made it possible to control neurons and unravel neuronal circuit behavior with high temporal and spatial resolution. The application of optogenetic strategies to understand the physiology of kisspeptin neuronal circuits has evolved in recent years among the neuroendocrine community. Kisspeptin neurons are fundamentally involved in controlling mammalian reproduction but also are implicated in numerous other physiological processes, including but not limited to feeding, energy expenditure, core body temperature and behavior. We conducted a review aiming to shed light on the novel findings obtained from in vitro and in vivo optogenetic studies interrogating kisspeptin neuronal circuits to date. Understanding the function of kisspeptin networks in the brain can greatly inform a wide range of clinical studies investigating infertility treatments, gender identity, metabolic disorders, hot flushes and psychosexual disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyana Ivanova
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, UK.
| | - Kevin T O'Byrne
- Department of Women and Children's Health, Faculty of Life Science and Medicine, King's College London, UK
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Ekstrand J, Abrahamsson A, Lundberg P, Dabrosin C. Breast density and estradiol are associated with distinct different expression patterns of metabolic proteins in normal human breast tissue in vivo. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1128318. [PMID: 37064098 PMCID: PMC10090464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1128318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundBreast density and exposure to sex steroids are major risk factors for breast cancer. The local microenvironment plays an essential role in progression of breast cancer. Metabolic adaption is a major hallmark of cancer. Whether proteins from the extracellular space regulating metabolism are affected in breast cancer, dense breasts or by estrogen exposure are not yet fully elucidated.MethodsWomen with breast cancer, postmenopausal women with normal breast tissue with varying breast density or premenopausal women with breasts exposed to high levels of estradiol were included in the study. Microdialysis was used to collect proteins from the extracellular space in vivo in 73 women; 12 with breast cancer, 42 healthy postmenopausal women with different breast densities, and 19 healthy premenopausal women. Breast density was determined as lean tissue fraction (LTF) using magnetic resonance imaging. Data were evaluated in a murine breast cancer model. We quantified a panel of 92 key proteins regulating metabolism using proximity extension assay.ResultsWe report that 29 proteins were upregulated in human breast cancer. In dense breasts 37 proteins were upregulated and 17 of these were similarly regulated as in breast cancer. 32 proteins correlated with LTF. In premenopausal breasts 19 proteins were up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Of these, 27 correlated to estradiol, a result that was confirmed for most proteins in experimental breast cancer. Only two proteins, pro-cathepsin H and galanin peptide, were similarly regulated in breast cancer, dense- and estrogen exposed breasts.ConclusionsMetabolic proteins may be targetable for breast cancer prevention. Depending on risk factor, this may, however, require different approaches as breast density and estradiol induce distinct different expression patterns in the breast. Additionally, metabolic proteins from the extracellular space may indeed be further explored as therapeutic targets for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Ekstrand
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Annelie Abrahamsson
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundberg
- Department of Radiation Physics and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Center for Medical Image Science and Visualization (CMIV), Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Charlotta Dabrosin
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Charlotta Dabrosin,
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Phetsanthad A, Vu NQ, Yu Q, Buchberger AR, Chen Z, Keller C, Li L. Recent advances in mass spectrometry analysis of neuropeptides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:706-750. [PMID: 34558119 PMCID: PMC9067165 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their involvement in numerous biochemical pathways, neuropeptides have been the focus of many recent research studies. Unfortunately, classic analytical methods, such as western blots and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, are extremely limited in terms of global investigations, leading researchers to search for more advanced techniques capable of probing the entire neuropeptidome of an organism. With recent technological advances, mass spectrometry (MS) has provided methodology to gain global knowledge of a neuropeptidome on a spatial, temporal, and quantitative level. This review will cover key considerations for the analysis of neuropeptides by MS, including sample preparation strategies, instrumental advances for identification, structural characterization, and imaging; insightful functional studies; and newly developed absolute and relative quantitation strategies. While many discoveries have been made with MS, the methodology is still in its infancy. Many of the current challenges and areas that need development will also be highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Phetsanthad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Nhu Q. Vu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Amanda R. Buchberger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Caitlin Keller
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 777 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Bonefas KM, Vallianatos CN, Raines B, Tronson NC, Iwase S. Sexually Dimorphic Alterations in the Transcriptome and Behavior with Loss of Histone Demethylase KDM5C. Cells 2023; 12:cells12040637. [PMID: 36831303 PMCID: PMC9954040 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin dysregulation has emerged as a major hallmark of neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The prevalence of ID and ASD is higher in males compared to females, with unknown mechanisms. Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic, Claes-Jensen type (MRXSCJ), is caused by loss-of-function mutations of lysine demethylase 5C (KDM5C), a histone H3K4 demethylase gene. KDM5C escapes X-inactivation, thereby presenting at a higher level in females. Initially, MRXSCJ was exclusively reported in males, while it is increasingly evident that females with heterozygous KDM5C mutations can show cognitive deficits. The mouse model of MRXSCJ, male Kdm5c-hemizygous knockout animals, recapitulates key features of human male patients. However, the behavioral and molecular traits of Kdm5c-heterozygous female mice remain incompletely characterized. Here, we report that gene expression and behavioral abnormalities are readily detectable in Kdm5c-heterozygous female mice, demonstrating the requirement for a higher KDM5C dose in females. Furthermore, we found both shared and sex-specific consequences of a reduced KDM5C dose in social behavior, gene expression, and genetic interaction with the counteracting enzyme KMT2A. These observations provide an essential insight into the sex-biased manifestation of neurodevelopmental disorders and sex chromosome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Bonefas
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Christina N. Vallianatos
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Brynne Raines
- Department of Psychology, College of LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Natalie C. Tronson
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of LS&A, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.T.); (S.I.)
| | - Shigeki Iwase
- Department of Human Genetics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Correspondence: (N.C.T.); (S.I.)
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Dai J, Ni Y, Wu D, Jiang Y, Jin S, Zhang S, Yu X, Liu R. Circulating spexin levels are influenced by the glycemic status and correlated with pancreatic β-cell function in Chinese subjects. Acta Diabetol 2023; 60:305-313. [PMID: 36459200 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-022-02010-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Spexin plays a role in regulating glucose metabolism. This study investigated the spexin levels in different glycemic status and its association with insulin secretion in humans. METHODS A total of 462 subjects were recruited in this study, including 52 healthy subjects, 106 first-degree relatives (FDRs) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 115 impaired glucose regulation (IGR), 80 newly diagnosed T2DM, and 106 established T2DM. Serum spexin was measured using ELISA. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and β-cell function (HOMA2-β), and Stumvoll index estimating first- and second-phase insulin secretion were calculated. RESULTS Spexin levels were higher in FDRs [235.53 pg/ml (185.28, 293.95)] and IGR [239.79 pg/ml (191.52, 301.69)], comparable in newly diagnosed T2DM [224.68 pg/ml (187.37, 279.74)], and lower in established T2DM [100.11 pg/ml (78.50, 137.34)], compared with healthy subjects [200.23 pg/ml (160.32, 275.65)]. Spexin levels were negatively correlated with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r = - 0.355, P < 0.001), hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (r = - 0.379, P < 0.001), and HOMA2-IR (r = - 0.225, P < 0.001), and positively correlated with HOMA2-β (r = 0.245, P < 0.001) after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that established T2DM and HOMA2-β were independently associated with serum spexin levels. CONCLUSIONS Serum spexin levels represented as a bell-shaped curve along the glycemic continuum and is closely related with insulin secretion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yunzhi Ni
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yaojing Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shuoshuo Jin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shan Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Ward, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xuemei Yu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Ward, Fengxian Central Hospital, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
- Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Mills EG, Ertl N, Wall MB, Thurston L, Yang L, Suladze S, Hunjan T, Phylactou M, Patel B, Muzi B, Ettehad D, Bassett PA, Howard J, Rabiner EA, Bech P, Abbara A, Goldmeier D, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. Effects of Kisspeptin on Sexual Brain Processing and Penile Tumescence in Men With Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2254313. [PMID: 36735255 PMCID: PMC9898824 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.54313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The human physiological sexual response is crucial for reward, satisfaction, and reproduction. Disruption of the associated neurophysiological pathways predisposes to low sexual desire; the most prevalent psychological form is hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD), which affects 8% of men but currently has no effective pharmacological treatment options. The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin offers a putative therapeutic target, owing to emerging understanding of its role in reproductive behavior. OBJECTIVE To determine the physiological, behavioral, neural, and hormonal effects of kisspeptin administration in men with HSDD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This double-blind, 2-way crossover, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was performed at a single academic research center in the UK. Eligible participants were right-handed heterosexual men with HSDD. Physiological, behavioral, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and hormonal analyses were used to investigate the clinical and mechanistic effects of kisspeptin administration in response to visual sexual stimuli (short and long video tasks). The trial was conducted between January 11 and September 15, 2021, and data analysis was performed between October and November 2021. INTERVENTIONS Participants attended 2 study visits at least 7 days apart, in balanced random order, for intravenous infusion of kisspeptin-54 (1 nmol/kg/h) for 75 minutes or for administration of a rate-matched placebo. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Changes in (1) brain activity on whole-brain analysis, as determined by fMRI blood oxygen level-dependent activity in response to visual sexual stimuli during kisspeptin administration compared with placebo, (2) physiological sexual arousal (penile tumescence), and (3) behavioral measures of sexual desire and arousal. RESULTS Of the 37 men randomized, 32 completed the trial. Participants had a mean (SD) age of 37.9 (8.6) years and a mean (SD) body mass index of 24.9 (5.4). On viewing sexual videos, kisspeptin significantly modulated brain activity in key structures of the sexual-processing network on whole-brain analysis compared with placebo (mean absolute change [Cohen d] = 0.81 [95% CI, 0.41-1.21]; P = .003). Furthermore, improvements in several secondary analyses were observed, including significant increases in penile tumescence in response to sexual stimuli (by up to 56% more than placebo; mean difference = 0.28 units [95% CI, 0.04-0.52 units]; P = .02) and behavioral measures of sexual desire-most notably, increased happiness about sex (mean difference = 0.63 points [95% CI, 0.10-1.15 points]; P = .02). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Collectively, this randomized clinical trial provides the first evidence to date showing that kisspeptin administration substantially modulates sexual brain processing in men with HSDD, with associated increases in penile tumescence and behavioral measures of sexual desire and arousal. These data suggest that kisspeptin has potential as the first pharmacological treatment for men with low sexual desire. TRIAL REGISTRATION isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN17271094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Ertl
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Invicro LLC, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B. Wall
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Invicro LLC, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Layla Thurston
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Yang
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofiya Suladze
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tia Hunjan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bijal Patel
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Muzi
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dena Ettehad
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan Howard
- Invicro LLC, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Bech
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldmeier
- Jane Wadsworth Sexual Function Clinic, St Mary’s Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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She Y, Ge R, Gu X, Fang P, Zhang Z. Cardioprotective effects of neuropeptide galanin: Focusing on its roles against diabetic heart. Peptides 2023; 159:170918. [PMID: 36435275 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Following an unprecedented rise in the number of the aged, the incidence of age-related diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is consequently increasing in the world. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with excess cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The diabetic heart is characterized by increased cardiomyocyte stiffness and fibrotic changes. Despite many factors resulting in cardiomyocyte injury and dysfunction in diabetes, insulin resistance is still a critical etiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Preclinical and clinical studies have revealed an intriguing role for galanin in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and diabetic heart disease. A significant change in plasma galanin levels occurred in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes or cardiomyocyte injury. In turn, galanin may also distinctly mitigate hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in diabetes as well as increase glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in cardiac muscle. Here, we critically review current data about the multivariate relationship among galanin, insulin resistance, and cardiac muscle to comprehensively evaluate the protective role of galanin and its receptors for the diabetic heart and to determine whether galanin receptor 2 agonists potentially represent a feasible way to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing She
- Department of Endocrinology, Pukou Branch of Jiangsu People's Hospital, Nanjing 211899, China
| | - Ran Ge
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine & Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xuewen Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Penghua Fang
- Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases in Chinese Medicine & Hanlin College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Zhenwen Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.
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Lee JS, Lee YA, Shin CH, Suh DI, Lee YJ, Yon DK. Long-term health outcomes of early menarche in women: an umbrella review. QJM 2022; 115:837-847. [PMID: 35929081 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is limited comprehensive evidence on the potential association between early menarche and subsequent health outcomes. AIM To evaluate the existing evidence for the association of early menarche with later health outcomes and assesse the strength and validity of the evidence for these associations. DESIGN Umbrella review. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google Scholar, and manually screened retrieved references to find systematic reviews and meta-analyses from inception to July 2021. Early menarche was defined by taking into account ethnicity and birth year, and the outcomes were long-term consequences in adulthood. RESULTS Thirteen reviews encompassing 283 original articles and over 6.8 million participants from 39 countries across 5 continents were included. In categorical outcomes, early menarche was associated with metabolic syndrome (n = 37 543 pooled adjusted relative risk [aRR] 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33, 1.83; high certainty [Hi]), endometrial cancer (n = 874 188, aRR 1.40, 95% CI 1.17, 1.68; Hi), type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance (n = 1 185 444, aRR 1.30, 95% CI 1.19, 1.42; Hi), breast cancer (n = 103 574, aRR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06, 1.33; Hi), death from all causes (n = 152 747, aRR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03, 1.19; Hi), obesity (n = 54 006, aRR 1.68, 95% CI 1.53, 1.84; moderate certainty [Mod]), gestational diabetes mellitus (n = 48 535, aRR 1.32, 95% CI 1.09, 1.58; Mod), hypertension (n = 1 682 689, aRR 1.24, 95% CI 1.20, 1.29; Mod), endometriosis (n = 885 390, aRR 1.22, 95% CI 1.09, 1.37; Mod), ovarian cancer (n = 1 022 451, aRR 1.17, 95% CI 1.04, 1.31; Mod) and asthma (n = 22 859, aRR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09, 1.57; low certainty [Lo]). For continuous outcomes, early menarche was associated with increased body mass index (BMI) in adults ≥40 years of age (n = 121 943, adjusted pooled standardized mean difference [aSMD] 0.30, 95% CI 0.28, 0.32; Mod), BMI in adults <40 years of age (n = 124 728, aSMD 0.39, 95% CI 0.36, 0.43; Mod), serum fasting insulin level (n = 17 020, aSMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.48, 0.57; Mod) and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (n = 7925, aSMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.19, 0.35; Mod). CONCLUSION We found varied levels of evidence for the association between early menarche and the development of subsequent health problems. Our results recommend that physicians should pay attention to these associations, as early menarche can be a potential indicator of metabolic disorders and female-specific cancer and cause death in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Seon Lee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Ah Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong Ho Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong In Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Gumus C, Yazici IP, Yazici KU, Ustundag B. Increased Serum Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nerve Growth Factor, Glial-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Galanin Levels in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and the Effect of 10 Weeks Methylphenidate Treatment. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 20:635-648. [PMID: 36263639 PMCID: PMC9606423 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.2022.20.4.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and galanin in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS The study included 58 cases with ADHD and 60 healthy controls. Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime version (K-SADS-PL) together with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition (DSM-5) criteria were used for diagnostic evaluation. Sociodemographic data form and Conners' Parent/Teacher Rating Scale-Revised:Long Form were applied to all cases. The serum levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, and galanin were evaluated in all subjects. Afterwards, methylphenidate was started in the ADHD group. ADHD cases were reevaluated in terms of the serum levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin at the 10th week of treatment. RESULTS Before the treatment, the levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin were significantly higher in the ADHD group compared to the control group. The levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin were found to be significantly lower after treatment in ADHD group compared to pre-treatment. No correlation was between scale scores and the serum levels of BDNF, NGF, GDNF, galanin. CONCLUSION The levels of neurotrophic factors and galanin were thought to be parameters worth evaluating in ADHD. Further studies on the subject with longer-term treatments and larger sample groups are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavithan Gumus
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karaman Training and Research Hospital, Karaman, Turkey
| | - Ipek Percinel Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey,Address for correspondence: Ipek Percinel Yazici Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig 230000, Turkey, E-mail: , ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6807-655X
| | - Kemal Utku Yazici
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bilal Ustundag
- Department of Biochemistry, Firat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
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Nowacka-Chmielewska M, Grabowska K, Grabowski M, Meybohm P, Burek M, Małecki A. Running from Stress: Neurobiological Mechanisms of Exercise-Induced Stress Resilience. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13348. [PMID: 36362131 PMCID: PMC9654650 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress, even stress of a moderate intensity related to daily life, is widely acknowledged to be a predisposing or precipitating factor in neuropsychiatric diseases. There is a clear relationship between disturbances induced by stressful stimuli, especially long-lasting stimuli, and cognitive deficits in rodent models of affective disorders. Regular physical activity has a positive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) functions, contributes to an improvement in mood and of cognitive abilities (including memory and learning), and is correlated with an increase in the expression of the neurotrophic factors and markers of synaptic plasticity as well as a reduction in the inflammatory factors. Studies published so far show that the energy challenge caused by physical exercise can affect the CNS by improving cellular bioenergetics, stimulating the processes responsible for the removal of damaged organelles and molecules, and attenuating inflammation processes. Regular physical activity brings another important benefit: increased stress robustness. The evidence from animal studies is that a sedentary lifestyle is associated with stress vulnerability, whereas a physically active lifestyle is associated with stress resilience. Here, we have performed a comprehensive PubMed Search Strategy for accomplishing an exhaustive literature review. In this review, we discuss the findings from experimental studies on the molecular and neurobiological mechanisms underlying the impact of exercise on brain resilience. A thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective potential of preconditioning exercise and of the role of exercise in stress resilience, among other things, may open further options for prevention and therapy in the treatment of CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
| | - Konstancja Grabowska
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Mateusz Grabowski
- Department for Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland
| | - Patrick Meybohm
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Burek
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, Emergency and Pain Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andrzej Małecki
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, 40-065 Katowice, Poland
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Meng F, Yu Y, Li J, Han X, Du X, Cao X, Liang Q, Huang A, Kong F, Huang L, Zeng X, Bu G. Characterization of spexin (SPX) in chickens: molecular cloning, functional analysis, tissue expression and its involvement in appetite regulation. Poult Sci 2022; 102:102279. [PMID: 36402041 PMCID: PMC9673105 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a conservative tetradecapeptide which has been proven to participate in multiple physiological processes, including anxiety, feed intake, and energy metabolism in fish and mammals. However, whether SPX exists and functions in birds remain largely unknown. Using chicken (c-) as a model, the full-length cDNA encoding cSPX precursor was cloned, and it was predicted to generate a mature peptide with 14 amino acids conserved across vertebrates. The pGL4-SRE-luciferase reporter system-based functional analysis demonstrated that cSPX was effective in activating chicken galanin type Ⅱ receptor (cGALR2), cGALR2-like receptor (cGALR2L) and galanin type Ⅲ receptor (cGALR3), thus to stimulate intracellular MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that SPX was widely expressed in chicken tissues, especially abundant in the central nervous system, pituitary, testes, and pancreas. Interestingly, it was noted that chicken hypothalamic SPX mRNA could be up-regulated by 24-h and 36-h fasting, heralding its latent capacity in appetite regulation. In accordance with this speculation, peripheral injection of cSPX was proved to be functional in reducing feed intake of 3-wk-old chicks. Furthermore, we found that cSPX could reduce the expression of AgRP and MCH, with a concurrent rise in CART1 mRNA level in the hypothalamic of chicks. Collectively, our findings not only provide the evidences that SPX can act as a satiety factor by orchestrating the expression of key feeding regulators in the chicken hypothalamus but also help to facilitate a better understanding of its functional evolution across vertebrates.
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Thurston L, Hunjan T, Mills EG, Wall MB, Ertl N, Phylactou M, Muzi B, Patel B, Alexander EC, Suladze S, Modi M, Eng PC, Bassett PA, Abbara A, Goldmeier D, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS. Melanocortin 4 receptor agonism enhances sexual brain processing in women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:152341. [PMID: 36189794 PMCID: PMC9525110 DOI: 10.1172/jci152341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) is characterized by a persistent deficiency of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity, causing marked distress and interpersonal difficulty. It is the most prevalent female sexual health problem globally, affecting approximately 10% of women, but has limited treatment options. Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) agonists have emerged as a promising therapy for women with HSDD, through unknown mechanisms. Studying the pathways involved is crucial for our understanding of normal and abnormal sexual behavior. METHODS Using psychometric, functional neuroimaging, and hormonal analyses, we conducted a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical study to assess the effects of MC4R agonism compared with placebo on sexual brain processing in 31 premenopausal heterosexual women with HSDD. RESULTS MC4R agonism significantly increased sexual desire for up to 24 hours after administration compared with placebo. During functional neuroimaging, MC4R agonism enhanced cerebellar and supplementary motor area activity and deactivated the secondary somatosensory cortex, specifically in response to visual erotic stimuli, compared with placebo. In addition, MC4R agonism enhanced functional connectivity between the amygdala and the insula during visual erotic stimuli compared with placebo. CONCLUSION These data suggest that MC4R agonism enhanced sexual brain processing by reducing self-consciousness, increasing sexual imagery, and sensitizing women with HSDD to erotic stimuli. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the action of MC4R agonism in sexual behavior and are relevant to the ongoing development of HSDD therapies and MC4R agonist development more widely. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04179734. FUNDING This is an investigator-sponsored study funded by AMAG Pharmaceuticals Inc., the Medical Research Council (MRC) (MR/T006242/1), and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) (CS-2018-18-ST2-002 and RP-2014-05-001).
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Thurston
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tia Hunjan
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edouard G Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew B Wall
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Invicro, a Konica Minolta Company, London, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Ertl
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Invicro, a Konica Minolta Company, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Phylactou
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Muzi
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bijal Patel
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma C Alexander
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sofiya Suladze
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manish Modi
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pei C Eng
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Goldmeier
- Jane Wadsworth Sexual Function Clinic, St. Mary's Hospital and
| | - Alexander N Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Mills EG, Dhillo WS. Invited review: Translating kisspeptin and neurokinin B biology into new therapies for reproductive health. J Neuroendocrinol 2022; 34:e13201. [PMID: 36262016 PMCID: PMC9788075 DOI: 10.1111/jne.13201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive neuropeptide kisspeptin has emerged as the master regulator of mammalian reproduction due to its key roles in the initiation of puberty and the control of fertility. Alongside the tachykinin neurokinin B and the endogenous opioid dynorphin, these peptides are central to the hormonal control of reproduction. Building on the expanding body of experimental animal models, interest has flourished with human studies revealing that kisspeptin administration stimulates physiological reproductive hormone secretion in both healthy men and women, as well as patients with common reproductive disorders. In addition, emerging therapeutic roles based on neurokinin B for the management of menopausal flushing, endometriosis and uterine fibroids are increasingly recognised. In this review, we focus on kisspeptin and neurokinin B and their potential application as novel clinical strategies for the management of reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative MedicineImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Department of EndocrinologyImperial College Healthcare NHS TrustLondonUK
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Circulating Spexin Is Associated with Body Mass Index and Fat Mass but Not with Physical Activity and Psychological Parameters in Women across a Broad Body Weight Spectrum. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11175107. [PMID: 36079049 PMCID: PMC9457358 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11175107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Spexin (SPX) is a novel, widely expressed peptide, with anorexigenic effects demonstrated in animal models and negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI) in humans. It increases locomotor activity in rodents and is elevated in human plasma following exercise. Studies have also shown an effect of stress and anxiety on SPX’s expression in different brain structures in animals. The relationships between plasma SPX and physical activity, body composition, and patient-reported outcomes such as perceived stress, depressiveness, anxiety, and eating behaviors are unknown and were examined in this study over a wide BMI range. A total of 219 female (n = 68 with anorexia nervosa; n = 79 with obesity; n = 72 with normal weight) inpatients were enrolled. Perceived stress (PSQ 20), anxiety (GAD 7), depressiveness (PHQ 9), and eating disorder pathology (EDI 2), as well as BMI, bioimpedance analysis, and accelerometry, were measured cross-sectionally at the beginning of treatment and correlated with plasma SPX levels (measured by ELISA) obtained at the same time. Plasma SPX levels were negatively associated with BMI (r = −0.149, p = 0.027) and body fat mass (r = −0.149, p = 0.04), but did not correlate with perceived stress, anxiety, depressiveness, eating behavior, energy expenditure, and physical activity (p > 0.05). The results replicate the negative correlation of SPX with BMI and fat mass, but do not support the hypothesis that peripheral SPX plays a role in the regulation of stress, depressiveness, anxiety, eating behavior, or physical activity.
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Maternal neuropeptide galanin levels in pregnancies with intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR): neurohormonal regulation of fetal weight. Ir J Med Sci 2022:10.1007/s11845-022-03132-5. [PMID: 35996067 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-022-03132-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Galanin is a neuroendocrine peptide with diverse biological actions in humans. Here, we evaluated plasma galanin levels in pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) to elucidate the mechanism underlying the causal link between regulatory neuropeptides and IUGR. MATERIAL AND METHODS This prospective case-control study evaluated 40 IUGR pregnancies and 35 healthy body mass index (BMI) and age-matched second and third-trimester pregnant women at Istanbul Teaching and Research Hospital. Serums galanin levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit according to the manufacturer's procedure. RESULTS Median serum galanin levels were lower in the IUGR group (9.59 pg/ml) than in the control group (12.1 pg/ml), although statically insignificant. Galanin levels were significantly higher in the control group with a BMI ≥ 30 than in those with a BMI < 30; the IUGR group exhibited no significant difference. Galanin levels were higher in the control group premature births than in term pregnancies; the difference was insignificant in the IUGR group. Thus, IUGR minimally impacts circulating maternal galanin levels, indicating that while galanin might affect IUGR pathogenesis, it negligibly contributes to disease progression. CONCLUSION The lack of correlation between galanin levels and maternal BMI and preterm pregnancies suggests a blunted neuropeptide response to hormonal stimulus in IUGR pregnancies, compared with the positive association with maternal BMI and negative association with healthy preterm pregnancies.
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Heo Y, Ishimoto N, Jeon YE, Yun JH, Ohki M, Anraku Y, Sasaki M, Kita S, Fukuhara H, Ikuta T, Kawakami K, Inoue A, Maenaka K, Tame JRH, Lee W, Park SY. Structure of the human galanin receptor 2 bound to galanin and Gq reveals the basis of ligand specificity and how binding affects the G-protein interface. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001714. [PMID: 35913979 PMCID: PMC9371267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it regulates various processes including neuroendocrine release, cognition, and nerve regeneration. Three G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) for galanin have been discovered, which is the focus of efforts to treat diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, anxiety, and addiction. To understand the basis of the ligand preferences of the receptors and to assist structure-based drug design, we used cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to solve the molecular structure of GALR2 bound to galanin and a cognate heterotrimeric G-protein, providing a molecular view of the neuropeptide binding site. Mutant proteins were assayed to help reveal the basis of ligand specificity, and structural comparison between the activated GALR2 and inactive hβ2AR was used to relate galanin binding to the movements of transmembrane (TM) helices and the G-protein interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseok Heo
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Naito Ishimoto
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ye-Eun Jeon
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Yun
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- PCG-Biotech, Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Mio Ohki
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yuki Anraku
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Mina Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideo Fukuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ikuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kouki Kawakami
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Katsumi Maenaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Jeremy R. H. Tame
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Weontae Lee
- Structural Biochemistry & Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- PCG-Biotech, Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (WL); (S-YP)
| | - Sam-Yong Park
- Drug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail: (WL); (S-YP)
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Kupcova I, Danisovic L, Grgac I, Harsanyi S. Anxiety and Depression: What Do We Know of Neuropeptides? Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12080262. [PMID: 36004833 PMCID: PMC9405013 DOI: 10.3390/bs12080262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, there has been a rising trend of depression and anxiety. This trend heavily impacts the population’s mental health and thus contributes significantly to morbidity and, in the worst case, to suicides. Modern medicine, with many antidepressants and anxiolytics at hand, is still unable to achieve remission in many patients. The pathophysiology of depression and anxiety is still only marginally understood, which encouraged researchers to focus on neuropeptides, as they are a vast group of signaling molecules in the nervous system. Neuropeptides are involved in the regulation of many physiological functions. Some act as neuromodulators and are often co-released with neurotransmitters that allow for reciprocal communication between the brain and the body. Most studied in the past were the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of oxytocin, vasopressin or neuropeptide Y and S, or Substance P. However, in recent years, more and more novel neuropeptides have been added to the list, with implications for the research and development of new targets, diagnostic elements, and even therapies to treat anxiety and depressive disorders. In this review, we take a close look at all currently studied neuropeptides, their related pathways, their roles in stress adaptation, and the etiology of anxiety and depression in humans and animal models. We will focus on the latest research and information regarding these associated neuropeptides and thus picture their potential uses in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Kupcova
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Lubos Danisovic
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.K.); (L.D.)
| | - Ivan Grgac
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Stefan Harsanyi
- Institute of Medical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 4, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia; (I.K.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-2-59357-299
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Behary P, Comninos AN. Bone Perspectives in Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea: An Update and Future Avenues. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:923791. [PMID: 35795153 PMCID: PMC9251506 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.923791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the most important and potentially long-lasting detrimental consequences of Functional Hypothalamic Amenorrhoea (FHA) is on skeletal homeostasis. Beyond oestrogen deficiency, FHA is associated with a cascade of additional neuro-endocrine and metabolic alterations, some adaptive, but which combine to disrupt skeletal homeostasis. Ultimately, this leads to a two-fold increased risk of fractures in women with FHA compared to healthy eumenorrhoeic women. Although the cornerstone of management of FHA-related bone loss remains recovery of menses via restoration of metabolic/psychological balance, there is rapidly developing evidence for hormonal manipulations (with a particular emphasis on route of administration) and other pharmacological treatments that can protect or improve skeletal homeostasis in FHA. In this mini-review, we provide an update on the pathophysiology, clinical management and future avenues in the field from a bone perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeshila Behary
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Effects of electroacupuncture on the expression of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y and ghrelin in pubertal rats with polycystic ovary syndrome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0259609. [PMID: 35704659 PMCID: PMC9200359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Polycystic ovary syndrome often starts in puberty, and its pathogenesis is not clear. This study aimed to explore the pathogenesis of pubertal polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and assess the therapeutic effect of electroacupuncture on pubertal PCOS.
Methods
Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) was used to induce rat models of pubertal PCOS. pubertal rats with PCOS were randomly divided into a model group (M), an electroacupuncture group (EA), and a sham acupuncture group (SA). Age-matched normal rats were regarded as normal controls (N). Rats were treated with EA or SA five times a week for 25 minutes during their 6th–7th week. At the end of the experiment, we observed any changes in ovarian morphology; detected levels of metabolic indices in serum, the hypothalamus and pancreas.
Results
EA significantly improved estrous cycle disorders and the ovarian polycystic morphology in pubertal rats with PCOS, but SA only improved disorders of the estrous cycle. The serum levels of insulin, neuropeptide Y(NPY) and fasting blood glucose(FBG) increased significantly (both p < 0.01), while the serum levels of ghrelin(GHRL) decreased in the model group (p < 0.01). After treatment with EA, the levels of NPY (p < 0.01) and FBG (p < 0.05) went into decrease, whereas the levels of GHRL (p < 0.05) and insulin (p < 0.01) increased. There was few differences in the hypothalamic expression of galanin (GAL), galanin-like peptide (GALP) and ghrelin receptor(GHSR) between the four groups. The upregulation of NPY mRNA and neuropeptide Y2 receptor(NPY2R) mRNA and the downregulation of GHRL protein and mRNA in the hypothalamus, and the increased expression of NPY and NPY2R as well as the decreased expression of GHRL in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) can be rescued by EA. But, surprisingly, SA seem to make no difference to the levels of FBG and insulin, and the protein expression of ghrelin in the hypothalamus and ARC. Co-expression of kisspeptin and GHSR, and co-expression of gonadotrophin releasing hormone(GnRH) and NPY2R were observed in ARC. No differences were found between groups in protein of GAL, GALP and GHRL expression in the pancreas. Neither EA nor SA can attenuate the upregulated kisspeptin protein expression in the pancreas of PCOS model rats.
Conclusions
EA and SA improved the symptoms of pubertal PCOS rats, and the mechanism might be associated with regulating hypothalamic NPY and ghrelin levels.
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Abstract
SignificanceGalanin exerts various physiological functions through galanin receptors, including antinociceptive activity, depression, and sleep. Here, we reveal a distinct binding mode of galanin peptide in galanin receptors from that of the published structures of peptide-bound GPCRs. Moreover, our work shows that the neuromodulator zinc ion negatively modulates galanin signaling in the central nervous system and further advances our understanding of mechanisms of G protein selectivity of GPCRs. These structures will provide a framework for rational design of ligands targeting GALRs for potential therapeutic applications.
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