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Gao M, Wang X, Su S, Feng W, Lai Y, Huang K, Cao D, Wang Q. Meningeal lymphatic vessel crosstalk with central nervous system immune cells in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:763-778. [PMID: 38886941 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Meningeal lymphatic vessels form a relationship between the nervous system and periphery, which is relevant in both health and disease. Meningeal lymphatic vessels not only play a key role in the drainage of brain metabolites but also contribute to antigen delivery and immune cell activation. The advent of novel genomic technologies has enabled rapid progress in the characterization of myeloid and lymphoid cells and their interactions with meningeal lymphatic vessels within the central nervous system. In this review, we provide an overview of the multifaceted roles of meningeal lymphatic vessels within the context of the central nervous system immune network, highlighting recent discoveries on the immunological niche provided by meningeal lymphatic vessels. Furthermore, we delve into the mechanisms of crosstalk between meningeal lymphatic vessels and immune cells in the central nervous system under both homeostatic conditions and neurodegenerative diseases, discussing how these interactions shape the pathological outcomes. Regulation of meningeal lymphatic vessel function and structure can influence lymphatic drainage, cerebrospinal fluid-borne immune modulators, and immune cell populations in aging and neurodegenerative disorders, thereby playing a key role in shaping meningeal and brain parenchyma immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghuang Gao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shijie Su
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Weicheng Feng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yaona Lai
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kongli Huang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dandan Cao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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2
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Wang C, Gu L, Zhang Y, Gao Y, Jian Z, Xiong X. Bibliometric insights into the inflammation and mitochondrial stress in ischemic stroke. Exp Neurol 2024; 378:114845. [PMID: 38838802 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research in the areas of inflammation and mitochondrial stress in ischemic stroke is rapidly expanding, but a comprehensive overview that integrates bibliometric trends with an in-depth review of molecular mechanisms is lacking. OBJECTIVE To map the evolving landscape of research using bibliometric analysis and to detail the molecular mechanisms that underpin these trends, emphasizing their implications in ischemic stroke. METHODS We conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify key trends, top contributors, and focal research themes. In addition, we review recent research advances in mitochondrial stress and inflammation in ischemic stroke to gain a detailed understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved. CONCLUSION Our integrative approach not only highlights the growing research interest and collaborations but also provides a detailed exploration of the molecular mechanisms that are central to the pathology of ischemic stroke. This synthesis offers valuable insights for researchers and paves the way for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lijuan Gu
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonggang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yikun Gao
- Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihong Jian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Xiaoxing Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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3
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Glück C, Zhou Q, Droux J, Chen Z, Glandorf L, Wegener S, Razansky D, Weber B, El Amki M. Pia-FLOW: Deciphering hemodynamic maps of the pial vascular connectome and its response to arterial occlusion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2402624121. [PMID: 38954543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2402624121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The pial vasculature is the sole source of blood supply to the neocortex. The brain is contained within the skull, a vascularized bone marrow with a unique anatomical connection to the brain meninges. Recent developments in tissue clearing have enabled detailed mapping of the entire pial and calvarial vasculature. However, what are the absolute flow rate values of those vascular networks? This information cannot accurately be retrieved with the commonly used bioimaging methods. Here, we introduce Pia-FLOW, a unique approach based on large-scale transcranial fluorescence localization microscopy, to attain hemodynamic imaging of the whole murine pial and calvarial vasculature at frame rates up to 1,000 Hz and spatial resolution reaching 5.4 µm. Using Pia-FLOW, we provide detailed maps of flow velocity, direction, and vascular diameters which can serve as ground-truth data for further studies, advancing our understanding of brain fluid dynamics. Furthermore, Pia-FLOW revealed that the pial vascular network functions as one unit for robust allocation of blood after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaim Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Quanyu Zhou
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Jeanne Droux
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Zhenyue Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Glandorf
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Wegener
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Razansky
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8092, Switzerland
| | - Bruno Weber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Mohamad El Amki
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and University of Zurich, Zurich 8091, Switzerland
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4
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Liu JA, Walker WH, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Bumgarner JR, Zhang N, Walton JC, Meares GP, DeVries AC, Nelson RJ. Dim light at night shifts microglia to a pro-inflammatory state after cerebral ischemia, altering stroke outcome in mice. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114796. [PMID: 38677449 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are endogenous biological cycles that regulate physiology and behavior and are set to precisely 24-h by light exposure. Light at night (LAN) dysregulates physiology and function including immune response; a critical component that contributes to stroke pathophysiological progression of neuronal injury and may impair recovery from injury. The goal of this study is to explore the effects of dim LAN (dLAN) in a murine model of ischemic stroke to assess how nighttime lighting from hospital settings can affect stroke outcome. Further, this study sought to identify mechanisms underlying pathophysiological changes to immune response after circadian disruption. Male and female adult Swiss Webster (CFW) mice were subjected to transient or permanent focal cerebral ischemia, then were subsequently placed into either dark night conditions (LD) or one night of dLAN (5 lx). 24 h post-stroke, sensorimotor impairments and infarct sizes were quantified. A single night of dLAN following MCAO increased infarct size and sensorimotor deficits across both sexes and reduced survival in males after 24 h. Flow cytometry was performed to assess microglial phenotypes after MCAO, and revealed that dLAN altered the percentage of microglia that express pro-inflammatory markers (MHC II+ and IL-6) and microglia that express CD206 and IL-10 that likely contributed to poor ischemic outcomes. Following these results, microglia were reduced in the brain using Plexxikon 5622 (PLX 5622) a CSFR1 inhibitor, then the mice received an MCAO and were exposed to LD or dLAN conditions for 24 h. Microglial depletion by PLX5622 resulted in infarct sizes that were comparable between lighting conditions. This study provides supporting evidence that environmental lighting exacerbates ischemic injury and post-stroke mortality by a biological mechanism that exposure to dLAN causes a fundamental shift of activated microglial phenotypes from beneficial to detrimental at an early time point after stroke, resulting in irreversible neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States.
| | - William H Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - O Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Jacob R Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Gordon P Meares
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Cell Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - A Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States; Department of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States; West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
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Zarate SM, Kirabo A, Hinton AO, Santisteban MM. Neuroimmunology of Cardiovascular Disease. Curr Hypertens Rep 2024; 26:339-347. [PMID: 38613621 PMCID: PMC11199253 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-024-01301-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death and chronic disability worldwide. Yet, despite extensive intervention strategies the number of persons affected by CVD continues to rise. Thus, there is great interest in unveiling novel mechanisms that may lead to new treatments. Considering this dilemma, recent focus has turned to the neuroimmune mechanisms involved in CVD pathology leading to a deeper understanding of the brain's involvement in disease pathology. This review provides an overview of new and salient findings regarding the neuroimmune mechanisms that contribute to CVD. RECENT FINDINGS The brain contains neuroimmune niches comprised of glia in the parenchyma and immune cells at the brain's borders, and there is strong evidence that these neuroimmune niches are important in both health and disease. Mechanistic studies suggest that the activation of glia and immune cells in these niches modulates CVD progression in hypertension and heart failure and contributes to the inevitable end-organ damage to the brain. This review provides evidence supporting the role of neuroimmune niches in CVD progression. However, additional research is needed to understand the effects of prolonged neuroimmune activation on brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Zarate
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Annet Kirabo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Nashville, USA
| | - Antentor O Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA
| | - Monica M Santisteban
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Nashville, USA.
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA.
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6
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Thorp EB, Filipp M, Dima M, Tan C, Feinstein M, Popko B, DeBerge M. CCR2 + monocytes promote white matter injury and cognitive dysfunction after myocardial infarction. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:818-835. [PMID: 38735403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Survivors of myocardial infarction are at increased risk for vascular dementia. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of vascular dementia, yet little is known about the cellular and molecular mediators of neuroinflammation after myocardial infarction. Using a mouse model of myocardial infarction coupled with flow cytometric analyses and immunohistochemistry, we discovered increased monocyte abundance in the brain after myocardial infarction, which was associated with increases in brain-resident perivascular macrophages and microglia. Myeloid cell recruitment and activation was also observed in post-mortem brains of humans that died after myocardial infarction. Spatial and single cell transcriptomic profiling of brain-resident myeloid cells after experimental myocardial infarction revealed increased expression of monocyte chemoattractant proteins. In parallel, myocardial infarction increased crosstalk between brain-resident myeloid cells and oligodendrocytes, leading to neuroinflammation, white matter injury, and cognitive dysfunction. Inhibition of monocyte recruitment preserved white matter integrity and cognitive function, linking monocytes to neurodegeneration after myocardial infarction. Together, these preclinical and clinical results demonstrate that monocyte infiltration into the brain after myocardial infarction initiate neuropathological events that lead to vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Thorp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Mallory Filipp
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Maria Dima
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Matthew Feinstein
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Brian Popko
- Department of Neurology, Division of Multiple Sclerosis and Neuroimmunology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Matthew DeBerge
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
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7
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Soliman E, Basso EKG, Ju J, Willison A, Theus MH. Skull bone marrow-derived immune cells infiltrate the damaged cortex and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.21.597827. [PMID: 38948756 PMCID: PMC11213025 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.21.597827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Identifying the origins and contributions of different immune cell populations following brain injury is crucial for understanding their roles in inflammation and tissue repair. This study investigated the infiltration and phenotypic characteristics of skull bone marrow-derived immune cells in the murine brain after TBI. We performed calvarium transplantation from GFP donor mice and subjected the recipients to controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury 14 days post-transplant. Confocal imaging at 3 days post-CCI revealed GFP+ calvarium-derived cells infiltrating the ipsilateral core lesional area, expressing CD45 and CD11b immune markers. These cells included neutrophil (Ly6G+) and monocyte (Ccr2+) identities. Calvarium-derived GFP+/Iba1+ monocyte/macrophages expressed the efferocytosis receptor MerTK and displayed engulfment of NeuN+ and caspase 3+ apoptotic cells. Phenotypic analysis showed that greater calvarium-derived monocyte/macrophages disproportionately express the anti-inflammatory arginase-1 marker than pro-inflammatory CD86. To differentiate the responses of blood- and calvarium-derived macrophages, we transplanted GFP calvarium skull bone into tdTomato bone marrow chimeric mice, then performed CCI injury 14 days post-transplant. Calvarium-derived GFP+ cells predominantly infiltrated the lesion boundary, while blood-derived TdTomato+ cells dispersed throughout the lesion and peri-lesion. Compared to calvarium-derived cells, more blood-derived cells expressed pro-inflammatory CD86 and displayed altered 3D morphologic traits. These findings uniquely demonstrate that skull bone-derived immune cells infiltrate the brain after injury and contribute to the neuroinflammatory milieu, representing a novel immune cell source that may be further investigated for their causal role in functional outcomes.
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Monteran L, Erez N. An unexpected corridor to brain metastasis. Science 2024; 384:1302-1303. [PMID: 38900900 DOI: 10.1126/science.adq4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer cells migrate from the bone marrow to the leptomeninges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Monteran
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Neta Erez
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medical & Health Sciences, Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Whiteley AE, Ma D, Wang L, Yu SY, Yin C, Price TT, Simon BG, Xu KR, Marsh KA, Brockman ML, Prioleau TM, Zhou KI, Cui X, Fecci PE, Jeck WR, McCall CM, Neff JL, Sipkins DA. Breast cancer exploits neural signaling pathways for bone-to-meninges metastasis. Science 2024; 384:eadh5548. [PMID: 38900896 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh5548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms that regulate breast cancer cell (BCC) metastasis and proliferation within the leptomeninges (LM) are poorly understood, which limits the development of effective therapies. In this work, we show that BCCs in mice can invade the LM by abluminal migration along blood vessels that connect vertebral or calvarial bone marrow and meninges, bypassing the blood-brain barrier. This process is dependent on BCC engagement with vascular basement membrane laminin through expression of the neuronal pathfinding molecule integrin α6. Once in the LM, BCCs colocalize with perivascular meningeal macrophages and induce their expression of the prosurvival neurotrophin glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). Intrathecal GDNF blockade, macrophage-specific GDNF ablation, or deletion of the GDNF receptor neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) from BCCs inhibits breast cancer growth within the LM. These data suggest integrin α6 and the GDNF signaling axis as new therapeutic targets against breast cancer LM metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Whiteley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danhui Ma
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Lihua Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Seok-Yeong Yu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Claire Yin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Trevor T Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Brennan G Simon
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katie R Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kathleen A Marsh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Maegan L Brockman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Tatiana M Prioleau
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katherine I Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Xiuyu Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Peter E Fecci
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - William R Jeck
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Chad M McCall
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Jadee L Neff
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Dorothy A Sipkins
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Wang WJ, Ding L, Zhang Q, Jing J, Jiang Y, Meng X, Gu H, Yang K, Wang Y, Li H, Wang Y, Zhao X, Li Z. Data-Driven Analysis Reveals Cortical Infarction Patterns Correlated With Inflammation and Prognosis: A Retrospective, Multicenter Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033616. [PMID: 38874064 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to identify the distinct lesion patterns and regions associated with functional outcome and inflammation in patients with acute ischemic stroke, and investigate whether the association between lesion patterns and functional outcome was mediated by inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed nonnegative matrix factorization to derived low-dimensional lesion patterns (atoms), and Bayesian linear regression models were applied to explore the associations of lesion patterns with inflammatory factors including high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, as well as functional outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score at 3 months). The difference distribution mean and 95% highest probability density interval (HPDI) were calculated. Mediation analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of inflammation on the relationships between lesion patterns and functional outcome. Seven lesion patterns were derived from 5914 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Lesion patterns distributed in the cortical regions were associated with inflammatory response, including atom 1 (interleukin-6: mean, 0.113 [95% HPDI, 0.073-0.162]; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: mean, 0.082 [95% HPDI, 0.038-0.123]) and atom 4 (interleukin-6: mean, 0.113 [95% HPDI, 0.071-0.167]; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein: mean, 0.108 [95% HPDI, 0.058-0.165]). These lesion patterns were also significantly associated with functional outcome (atom 1: mean, 1.958 [95% HPDI, 1.538-2.383]; atom 4: mean, 2.245 [95% HPDI, 1.773-2.741]). Mediation analysis suggested that interleukin-6 explained 15.34% and 7.47% in the association of atom 1 and atom 4 with functional outcome, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Certain lesion patterns that are associated with both inflammation and functional outcome of acute ischemic stroke, especially cortical infarction, may play a role in functional outcome through modulating inflammatory reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Lingling Ding
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- China National Clinical Research Center-Hanalytics Artificial Intelligence Research Centre for Neurological Disorders Beijing China
| | - Jing Jing
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
| | - Hongqiu Gu
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Kaixuan Yang
- National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yilong Wang
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Xingquan Zhao
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
| | - Zixiao Li
- Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University Beijing China
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing China
- Research Unit of Artificial Intelligence in Cerebrovascular Disease Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Beijing China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing China
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11
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Marks K, Ahn SJ, Rai N, Anfray A, Iadecola C, Anrather J. A minimally invasive thrombotic stroke model to study circadian rhythm in awake mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.10.598243. [PMID: 38915621 PMCID: PMC11195071 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.10.598243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Experimental stroke models in rodents are essential for mechanistic studies and therapeutic development. However, these models have several limitations negatively impacting their translational relevance. Here we aimed to develop a minimally invasive thrombotic stroke model through magnetic particle delivery that does not require craniotomy, is amenable to reperfusion therapy, can be combined with in vivo imaging modalities, and can be performed in awake mice. We found that the model results in reproducible cortical infarcts within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) with cytologic and immune changes similar to that observed with more invasive distal MCA occlusion models. Importantly, the injury produced by the model was ameliorated by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration. We also show that MCA occlusion in awake animals results in bigger ischemic lesions independent of day/night cycle. Magnetic particle delivery had no overt effects on physiologic parameters and systemic immune biomarkers. In conclusion, we developed a novel stroke model in mice that fulfills many requirements for modeling human stroke.
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12
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Marin-Rodero M, Reyes EC, Walker AJ, Jayewickreme T, Pinho-Ribeiro FA, Richardson Q, Jackson R, Chiu IM, Benoist C, Stevens B, Trejo JL, Mathis D. The meninges host a unique compartment of regulatory T cells that bulwarks adult hippocampal neurogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.599387. [PMID: 38948783 PMCID: PMC11212874 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.599387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Our knowledge about the meningeal immune system has recently burgeoned, particularly our understanding of how innate and adaptive effector cells are mobilized to meet brain challenges. However, information on how meningeal immunocytes guard brain homeostasis in healthy individuals remains sparse. This study highlights the heterogeneous and polyfunctional regulatory-T (Treg) cell compartment in the meninges. A Treg subtype specialized in controlling Th1-cell responses and another known to control responses in B-cell follicles were substantial components of this compartment, foretelling that punctual Treg-cell ablation rapidly unleashed interferon-gamma production by meningeal lymphocytes, unlocked their access to the brain parenchyma, and altered meningeal B-cell profiles. Distally, the hippocampus assumed a reactive state, with morphological and transcriptional changes in multiple glial-cell types; within the dentate gyrus, neural stem cells showed exacerbated death and desisted from further differentiation, associated with inhibition of spatial-reference memory. Thus, meningeal Treg cells are a multifaceted bulwark to brain homeostasis at steady-state. One sentence summary A distinct population of regulatory T cells in the murine meninges safeguards homeostasis by keeping local interferon-γ-producing lymphocytes in check, thereby preventing their invasion of the parenchyma, activation of hippocampal glial cells, death of neural stem cells, and memory decay.
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13
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Zhang Q, Yang G, Luo Y, Jiang L, Chi H, Tian G. Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: insights from peripheral immune cells. Immun Ageing 2024; 21:38. [PMID: 38877498 PMCID: PMC11177389 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guanhu Yang
- Department of Specialty Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Yuan Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lai Jiang
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Engineering Technology Research Center of Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases, Molecular Diagnosis of Clinical Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Sichuan, 646000, China.
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14
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Liu ZT, Liu MH, Xiong Y, Wang YJ, Bu XL. Crosstalk between bone and brain in Alzheimer's disease: Mechanisms, applications, and perspectives. Alzheimers Dement 2024. [PMID: 38824621 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that involves multiple systems in the body. Numerous recent studies have revealed bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and bone, but the interaction between bone and brain in AD remains unclear. In this review, we summarize human studies of the association between bone and brain and provide an overview of their interactions and the underlying mechanisms in AD. We review the effects of AD on bone from the aspects of AD pathogenic proteins, AD risk genes, neurohormones, neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, brain-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs), and the autonomic nervous system. Correspondingly, we elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the involvement of bone in the pathogenesis of AD, including bone-derived hormones, bone marrow-derived cells, bone-derived EVs, and inflammation. On the basis of the crosstalk between bone and the brain, we propose potential strategies for the management of AD with the hope of offering novel perspectives on its prevention and treatment. HIGHLIGHTS: The pathogenesis of AD, along with its consequent changes in the brain, may involve disturbing bone homeostasis. Degenerative bone disorders may influence the progression of AD through a series of pathophysiological mechanisms. Therefore, relevant bone intervention strategies may be beneficial for the comprehensive management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-Ting Liu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ming-Han Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Orthopaedics, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian-Le Bu
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ageing and Brain Diseases, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
- Institute of Brain and Intelligence, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Zhang W, Sun HS, Wang X, Dumont AS, Liu Q. Cellular senescence, DNA damage, and neuroinflammation in the aging brain. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:461-474. [PMID: 38729785 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Aging may lead to low-level chronic inflammation that increases the susceptibility to age-related conditions, including memory impairment and progressive loss of brain volume. As brain health is essential to promoting healthspan and lifespan, it is vital to understand age-related changes in the immune system and central nervous system (CNS) that drive normal brain aging. However, the relative importance, mechanistic interrelationships, and hierarchical order of such changes and their impact on normal brain aging remain to be clarified. Here, we synthesize accumulating evidence that age-related DNA damage and cellular senescence in the immune system and CNS contribute to the escalation of neuroinflammation and cognitive decline during normal brain aging. Targeting cellular senescence and immune modulation may provide a logical rationale for developing new treatment options to restore immune homeostasis and counteract age-related brain dysfunction and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hong-Shuo Sun
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Aaron S Dumont
- Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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16
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Manganaro JE, Emanuel K, Lamberty BG, George JW, Stauch KL. Pink1/Parkin deficiency alters circulating lymphocyte populations and increases platelet-T cell aggregates in rats. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4431604. [PMID: 38854001 PMCID: PMC11160909 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4431604/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative movement disorder and results from the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Pink1 and Parkin are proteins that function together in mitochondrial quality control, and when they carry loss-of-function mutations lead to familial forms of PD. While much research has focused on central nervous system alterations in PD, peripheral contributions to PD pathogenesis are increasingly appreciated. We report Pink1/Parkin regulate glycolytic and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from rats. Pink1/Parkin deficiency induces changes in the circulating lymphocyte populations, namely increased CD4 + T cells and decreased CD8 + T cells and B cells. Loss of Pink1/Parkin leads to elevated platelet counts in the blood and increased platelet-T cell aggregation. Platelet-lymphocyte aggregates are associated with increased thrombosis risk, and venous thrombosis is a cause of sudden death in PD, suggesting targeting the Pink1/Parkin pathway in the periphery has therapeutic potential.
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17
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Liu Q, Tabrez S, Niekamp P, Kim CH. Circadian-clock-controlled endocrine and cytokine signals regulate multipotential innate lymphoid cell progenitors in the bone marrow. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114200. [PMID: 38717905 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), strategically positioned throughout the body, undergo population declines over time. A solution to counteract this problem is timely mobilization of multipotential progenitors from the bone marrow. It remains unknown what triggers the mobilization of bone marrow ILC progenitors (ILCPs). We report that ILCPs are regulated by the circadian clock to emigrate and generate mature ILCs in the periphery. We found that circadian-clock-defective ILCPs fail to normally emigrate and generate ILCs. We identified circadian-clock-controlled endocrine and cytokine cues that, respectively, regulate the retention and emigration of ILCPs at distinct times of each day. Activation of the stress-hormone-sensing glucocorticoid receptor upregulates CXCR4 on ILCPs for their retention in the bone marrow, while the interleukin-18 (IL-18) and RORα signals upregulate S1PR1 on ILCPs for their mobilization to the periphery. Our findings establish important roles of circadian signals for the homeostatic efflux of bone marrow ILCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shams Tabrez
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Patrick Niekamp
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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18
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Mokbel AY, Burns MP, Main BS. The contribution of the meningeal immune interface to neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:135. [PMID: 38802931 PMCID: PMC11131220 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03122-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of disability and mortality worldwide, particularly among the elderly, yet our mechanistic understanding of what renders the post-traumatic brain vulnerable to poor outcomes, and susceptible to neurological disease, is incomplete. It is well established that dysregulated and sustained immune responses elicit negative consequences after TBI; however, our understanding of the neuroimmune interface that facilitates crosstalk between central and peripheral immune reservoirs is in its infancy. The meninges serve as the interface between the brain and the immune system, facilitating important bi-directional roles in both healthy and disease settings. It has been previously shown that disruption of this system exacerbates neuroinflammation in age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease; however, we have an incomplete understanding of how the meningeal compartment influences immune responses after TBI. In this manuscript, we will offer a detailed overview of the holistic nature of neuroinflammatory responses in TBI, including hallmark features observed across clinical and animal models. We will highlight the structure and function of the meningeal lymphatic system, including its role in immuno-surveillance and immune responses within the meninges and the brain. We will provide a comprehensive update on our current knowledge of meningeal-derived responses across the spectrum of TBI, and identify new avenues for neuroimmune modulation within the neurotrauma field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Y Mokbel
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Mark P Burns
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bevan S Main
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, New Research Building-EG11, 3970 Reservoir Rd, NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
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19
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Pianese V, Alvarez-Torres D, Gemez-Mata J, Garcia-Rosado E, Moreno P, Fausto AM, Taddei AR, Picchietti S, Scapigliati G. T-cells and CD45-cells discovery in the central nervous system of healthy and nodavirus-infected teleost fish Dicentrarchuslabrax. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109646. [PMID: 38810712 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
To achieve insights in antiviral immune defense of the central nervous system (CNS), we investigated T cells and CD45 cells in the marine fish model Dicentrarchus labrax infected with the CNS-tropic virus betanodavirus. By employing markers for pan-T cells (mAb DLT15) and CD45-cells (mAb DLT22) in immunofluorescence (IIF) of leukocytes from brain, we obtained 3,7 ± 2.3 % of T cells and 7.3 ± 3.2 % of CD45+ cells. Both IIF and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed a leukocyte/glial morphology for the immunoreactive cells. Quantitative immunohistochemistry (qIHC) of brain/eye sections showed 1.9 ± 0.8 % of T+ cells and 2 ± 0.9 % of CD45+ cells in the brain, and 3.6 ± 1.9 % and 4.1 ± 2.2 % in the eye, respectively. After in vivo RGNNV infection the number of T cells/CD45+ leukocytes in the brain increased to 8.3 ± 2.1 % and 11.6 ± 4.4 % (by IIF), and 26.1 ± 3.4 % and 45.6 ± 5.9 % (by qIHC), respectively. In the eye we counted after infection 8.5 ± 4.4 % of T cells and 10.2 ± 5.8 % of CD45 cells. Gene transcription analysis of brain mRNA revealed a strong increase of gene transcripts coding for: antiviral proteins Mx and ISG-12; T-cell related CD3ε/δ, TcRβ, CD4, CD8α, CD45; and for immuno-modulatory cytokines TNFα, IL-2, IL-10. A RAG-1 gene product was also present and upregulated, suggesting somatic recombination in the fish brain. Similar transcription data were obtained in the eye, albeit with differences. Our findings provide first evidence for a recruitment and involvement of T cells and CD45+ leukocytes in the fish eye-brain axis during antiviral responses and suggest similarities in the CNS immune defense across evolutionary distant vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pianese
- University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo (I), Italy.
| | - Daniel Alvarez-Torres
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), 29071, Málaga (E), Spain.
| | - Juan Gemez-Mata
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Dept. Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, 29071, Málaga (E), Spain.
| | - Esther Garcia-Rosado
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Dept. Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, 29071, Málaga (E), Spain.
| | - Patricia Moreno
- University of Málaga, Institute of Biotecnology and Blue Development (IBYDA), Dept. Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, 29071, Málaga (E), Spain.
| | - Anna Maria Fausto
- University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo (I), Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Taddei
- University of Tuscia, Section Microscopy (CGA), Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo (I), Italy.
| | - Simona Picchietti
- University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo (I), Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Scapigliati
- University of Tuscia, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest systems (DIBAF), Largo dell'Università, 01100, Viterbo (I), Italy.
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20
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Sun C, Wang S, Ma Z, Zhou J, Ding Z, Yuan G, Pan Y. Neutrophils in glioma microenvironment: from immune function to immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1393173. [PMID: 38779679 PMCID: PMC11109384 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1393173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a malignant tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Currently, effective treatment options for gliomas are still lacking. Neutrophils, as an important member of the tumor microenvironment (TME), are widely distributed in circulation. Recently, the discovery of cranial-meningeal channels and intracranial lymphatic vessels has provided new insights into the origins of neutrophils in the CNS. Neutrophils in the brain may originate more from the skull and adjacent vertebral bone marrow. They cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) under the action of chemokines and enter the brain parenchyma, subsequently migrating to the glioma TME and undergoing phenotypic changes upon contact with tumor cells. Under glycolytic metabolism model, neutrophils show complex and dual functions in different stages of cancer progression, including participation in the malignant progression, immune suppression, and anti-tumor effects of gliomas. Additionally, neutrophils in the TME interact with other immune cells, playing a crucial role in cancer immunotherapy. Targeting neutrophils may be a novel generation of immunotherapy and improve the efficacy of cancer treatments. This article reviews the molecular mechanisms of neutrophils infiltrating the central nervous system from the external environment, detailing the origin, functions, classifications, and targeted therapies of neutrophils in the context of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Sun
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Siwen Wang
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinghuan Zhou
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zilin Ding
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guoqiang Yuan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yawen Pan
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Neurology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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21
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Da Mesquita S, Rua R. Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer's disease? Trends Immunol 2024; 45:346-357. [PMID: 38632001 PMCID: PMC11088519 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their beneficial homeostatic functions. We hypothesize that by expediting the deterioration of BAMs, multiple infection episodes might be associated with accelerated brain aging and the putative development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our viewpoint is supported by recent studies suggesting that rejuvenating aged BAMs, and counterbalancing their detrimental inflammatory signatures during infections, might hold promise in treating aging-related neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rejane Rua
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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22
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Boskovic P, Gao W, Kipnis J. Will cellular immunotherapies end neurodegenerative diseases? Trends Immunol 2024; 45:329-337. [PMID: 38600001 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders present major challenges to global health, exacerbated by an aging population and the absence of therapies. Despite diverse pathological manifestations, they share a common hallmark, loosely termed 'neuroinflammation'. The prevailing dogma is that the immune system is an active contributor to neurodegeneration; however, recent evidence challenges this. By analogy with road construction, which causes temporary closures and disruptions, the immune system's actions in the central nervous system (CNS) might initially appear destructive, and might even cause harm, while aiming to combat neurodegeneration. We propose that the application of cellular immunotherapies to coordinate the immune response towards remodeling might pave the way for new modes of tackling the roadblocks of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavle Boskovic
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Wenqing Gao
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG) Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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23
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Duan M, Xu Y, Li Y, Feng H, Chen Y. Targeting brain-peripheral immune responses for secondary brain injury after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:102. [PMID: 38637850 PMCID: PMC11025216 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The notion that the central nervous system is an immunologically immune-exempt organ has changed over the past two decades, with increasing evidence of strong links and interactions between the central nervous system and the peripheral immune system, both in the healthy state and after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Although primary injury after stroke is certainly important, the limited therapeutic efficacy, poor neurological prognosis and high mortality have led researchers to realize that secondary injury and damage may also play important roles in influencing long-term neurological prognosis and mortality and that the neuroinflammatory process in secondary injury is one of the most important influences on disease progression. Here, we summarize the interactions of the central nervous system with the peripheral immune system after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, in particular, how the central nervous system activates and recruits peripheral immune components, and we review recent advances in corresponding therapeutic approaches and clinical studies, emphasizing the importance of the role of the peripheral immune system in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxu Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yuanshu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yujie Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), 29 Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Intelligent Diagnosis, Treatment and Rehabilitation of Central Nervous System Injuries, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
- Chongqing Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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24
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Goodman GW, Devlin P, West BE, Ritzel RM. The emerging importance of skull-brain interactions in traumatic brain injury. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1353513. [PMID: 38680490 PMCID: PMC11047125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1353513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of skull bone marrow as a reactive hematopoietic niche that can contribute to and direct leukocyte trafficking into the meninges and brain has transformed our view of this bone structure from a solid, protective casing to a living, dynamic tissue poised to modulate brain homeostasis and neuroinflammation. This emerging concept may be highly relevant to injuries that directly impact the skull such as in traumatic brain injury (TBI). From mild concussion to severe contusion with skull fracturing, the bone marrow response of this local myeloid cell reservoir has the potential to impact not just the acute inflammatory response in the brain, but also the remodeling of the calvarium itself, influencing its response to future head impacts. If we borrow understanding from recent discoveries in other CNS immunological niches and extend them to this nascent, but growing, subfield of neuroimmunology, it is not unreasonable to consider the hematopoietic compartment in the skull may similarly play an important role in health, aging, and neurodegenerative disease following TBI. This literature review briefly summarizes the traditional role of the skull in TBI and offers some additional insights into skull-brain interactions and their potential role in affecting secondary neuroinflammation and injury outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rodney M. Ritzel
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Henning P, Kassem A, Westerlund A, Lundberg P, Engdahl C, Lionikaite V, Wikström P, Wu J, Li L, Lindholm C, de Souza PPC, Movérare-Skrtic S, Lerner UH. Toll-like receptor-2 induced inflammation causes local bone formation and activates canonical Wnt signaling. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1383113. [PMID: 38646530 PMCID: PMC11026618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
It is well established that inflammatory processes in the vicinity of bone often induce osteoclast formation and bone resorption. Effects of inflammatory processes on bone formation are less studied. Therefore, we investigated the effect of locally induced inflammation on bone formation. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 agonists LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis and PAM2 were injected once subcutaneously above mouse calvarial bones. After five days, both agonists induced bone formation mainly at endocranial surfaces. The injection resulted in progressively increased calvarial thickness during 21 days. Excessive new bone formation was mainly observed separated from bone resorption cavities. Anti-RANKL did not affect the increase of bone formation. Inflammation caused increased bone formation rate due to increased mineralizing surfaces as assessed by dynamic histomorphometry. In areas close to new bone formation, an abundance of proliferating cells was observed as well as cells robustly stained for Runx2 and alkaline phosphatase. PAM2 increased the mRNA expression of Lrp5, Lrp6 and Wnt7b, and decreased the expression of Sost and Dkk1. In situ hybridization demonstrated decreased Sost mRNA expression in osteocytes present in old bone. An abundance of cells expressed Wnt7b in Runx2-positive osteoblasts and ß-catenin in areas with new bone formation. These data demonstrate that inflammation, not only induces osteoclastogenesis, but also locally activates canonical WNT signaling and stimulates new bone formation independent on bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Henning
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Kassem
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Westerlund
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lundberg
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Engdahl
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vikte Lionikaite
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Section of Pathology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jianyao Wu
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lei Li
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catharina Lindholm
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pedro P. C. de Souza
- Innovation in Biomaterials Laboratory, Federal University of Goiás, Goiania, Brazil
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf H. Lerner
- Sahlgrenska Osteoporosis Centre, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute for Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Periodontology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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26
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Freret ME, Boire A. The anatomic basis of leptomeningeal metastasis. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20212121. [PMID: 38451255 PMCID: PMC10919154 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20212121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), or spread of cancer to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled space surrounding the central nervous system, is a fatal complication of cancer. Entry into this space poses an anatomical challenge for cancer cells; movement of cells between the blood and CSF is tightly regulated by the blood-CSF barriers. Anatomical understanding of the leptomeninges provides a roadmap of corridors for cancer entry. This Review describes the anatomy of the leptomeninges and routes of cancer spread to the CSF. Granular understanding of LM by route of entry may inform strategies for novel diagnostic and preventive strategies as well as therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Freret
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adrienne Boire
- Department of Neurology, Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Kallal N, Hugues S, Garnier L. Regulation of autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation by endothelial cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350482. [PMID: 38335316 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The CNS has traditionally been considered an immune-privileged organ, but recent studies have identified a plethora of immune cells in the choroid plexus, meninges, perivascular spaces, and cribriform plate. Although those immune cells are crucial for the maintenance of CNS homeostasis and for neural protection against infections, they can lead to neuroinflammation in some circumstances. The blood and the lymphatic vasculatures exhibit distinct structural and molecular features depending on their location in the CNS, greatly influencing the compartmentalization and the nature of CNS immune responses. In this review, we discuss how endothelial cells regulate the migration and the functions of T cells in the CNS both at steady-state and in murine models of neuroinflammation, with a special focus on the anatomical, cellular, and molecular mechanisms implicated in EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Kallal
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Hugues
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laure Garnier
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Geneva Medical School, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Howe EI, Andelic N, Brunborg C, Zeldovich M, Helseth E, Skandsen T, Olsen A, Fure SCR, Theadom A, Rauen K, Madsen BÅ, Jacobs B, van der Naalt J, Tartaglia MC, Einarsen CE, Storvig G, Tronvik E, Tverdal C, von Steinbüchel N, Røe C, Hellstrøm T. Frequency and predictors of headache in the first 12 months after traumatic brain injury: results from CENTER-TBI. J Headache Pain 2024; 25:44. [PMID: 38528477 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01751-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Headache is a prevalent and debilitating symptom following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Large-scale, prospective cohort studies are needed to establish long-term headache prevalence and associated factors after TBI. This study aimed to assess the frequency and severity of headache after TBI and determine whether sociodemographic factors, injury severity characteristics, and pre- and post-injury comorbidities predicted changes in headache frequency and severity during the first 12 months after injury. METHODS A large patient sample from the Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in Traumatic Brain Injury (CENTER-TBI) prospective observational cohort study was used. Patients were stratified based on their clinical care pathway: admitted to an emergency room (ER), a ward (ADM) or an intensive care unit (ICU) in the acute phase. Headache was assessed using a single item from the Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire measured at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months after injury. Mixed-effect logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate changes in headache frequency and associated predictors. RESULTS A total of 2,291 patients responded to the headache item at baseline. At study enrolment, 59.3% of patients reported acute headache, with similar frequencies across all strata. Female patients and those aged up to 40 years reported a higher frequency of headache at baseline compared to males and older adults. The frequency of severe headache was highest in patients admitted to the ICU. The frequency of headache in the ER stratum decreased substantially from baseline to 3 months and remained from 3 to 6 months. Similar trajectory trends were observed in the ICU and ADM strata across 12 months. Younger age, more severe TBI, fatigue, neck pain and vision problems were among the predictors of more severe headache over time. More than 25% of patients experienced headache at 12 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS Headache is a common symptom after TBI, especially in female and younger patients. It typically decreases in the first 3 months before stabilising. However, more than a quarter of patients still experienced headache at 12 months after injury. Translational research is needed to advance the clinical decision-making process and improve targeted medical treatment for headache. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02210221.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Isager Howe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Nada Andelic
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Brunborg
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marina Zeldovich
- Institute of Psychology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Eirik Helseth
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Toril Skandsen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alexander Olsen
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silje C R Fure
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alice Theadom
- TBI Network, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Katrin Rauen
- Neurological Rehabilitation Center Godeshöhe, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Traumatology & Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich, University Hospital Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikte Å Madsen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bram Jacobs
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joukje van der Naalt
- Department of Neurology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Carmela Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Canadian Concussion Centre, Krembil Brain Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Memory Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cathrine Elisabeth Einarsen
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gøril Storvig
- Clinic of Rehabilitation, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erling Tronvik
- NorHEAD - Norwegian Centre for Headache Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cathrine Tverdal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Department of Research and Development, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Cecilie Røe
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Center for Habilitation and Rehabilitation Models and Services (CHARM), Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torgeir Hellstrøm
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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29
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Oelschlegel AM, Bhattacharjee R, Wenk P, Harit K, Rothkötter HJ, Koch SP, Boehm-Sturm P, Matuschewski K, Budinger E, Schlüter D, Goldschmidt J, Nishanth G. Beyond the microcirculation: sequestration of infected red blood cells and reduced flow in large draining veins in experimental cerebral malaria. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2396. [PMID: 38493187 PMCID: PMC10944460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46617-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Sequestration of infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in the microcirculation is a hallmark of cerebral malaria (CM) in post-mortem human brains. It remains controversial how this might be linked to the different disease manifestations, in particular brain swelling leading to brain herniation and death. The main hypotheses focus on iRBC-triggered inflammation and mechanical obstruction of blood flow. Here, we test these hypotheses using murine models of experimental CM (ECM), SPECT-imaging of radiolabeled iRBCs and cerebral perfusion, MR-angiography, q-PCR, and immunohistochemistry. We show that iRBC accumulation and reduced flow precede inflammation. Unexpectedly, we find that iRBCs accumulate not only in the microcirculation but also in large draining veins and sinuses, particularly at the rostral confluence. We identify two parallel venous streams from the superior sagittal sinus that open into the rostral rhinal veins and are partially connected to infected skull bone marrow. The flow in these vessels is reduced early, and the spatial patterns of pathology correspond to venous drainage territories. Our data suggest that venous efflux reductions downstream of the microcirculation are causally linked to ECM pathology, and that the different spatiotemporal patterns of edema development in mice and humans could be related to anatomical differences in venous anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Oelschlegel
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Research group Neuroplasticity, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - R Bhattacharjee
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Wenk
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - K Harit
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - H-J Rothkötter
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S P Koch
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité 3R | Replace, Reduce, Refine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Boehm-Sturm
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Experimental Neurology and Center for Stroke Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence and Charité Core Facility 7T Experimental MRIs, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité 3R | Replace, Reduce, Refine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - K Matuschewski
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - E Budinger
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center of Behavioural Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - D Schlüter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - J Goldschmidt
- Combinatorial NeuroImaging Core Facility, Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, 39118, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center of Behavioural Brain Sciences, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - G Nishanth
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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30
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Elizaldi SR, Hawes CE, Verma A, Shaan Lakshmanappa Y, Dinasarapu AR, Schlegel BT, Rajasundaram D, Li J, Durbin-Johnson BP, Ma ZM, Pal PB, Beckman D, Ott S, Raeman R, Lifson J, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Chronic SIV-Induced neuroinflammation disrupts CCR7+ CD4+ T cell immunosurveillance in the rhesus macaque brain. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e175332. [PMID: 38470479 PMCID: PMC11060742 DOI: 10.1172/jci175332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
CD4+ T cells survey and maintain immune homeostasis in the brain, yet their differentiation states and functional capabilities remain unclear. Our approach, combining single-cell transcriptomic analysis, ATAC-Seq, spatial transcriptomics, and flow cytometry, revealed a distinct subset of CCR7+ CD4+ T cells resembling lymph node central memory (TCM) cells. We observed chromatin accessibility at the CCR7, CD28, and BCL-6 loci, defining molecular features of TCM. Brain CCR7+ CD4+ T cells exhibited recall proliferation and interleukin-2 production ex vivo, showcasing their functional competence. We identified the skull bone marrow as a local niche for these cells alongside CNS border tissues. Sequestering TCM cells in lymph nodes using FTY720 led to reduced CCR7+ CD4+ T cell frequencies in the cerebrospinal fluid, accompanied by increased monocyte levels and soluble markers indicating immune activation. In macaques chronically infected with SIVCL757 and experiencing viral rebound due to cessation of antiretroviral therapy, a decrease in brain CCR7+ CD4+ T cells was observed, along with increased microglial activation and initiation of neurodegenerative pathways. Our findings highlight a role for CCR7+ CD4+ T cells in CNS immune surveillance, and their decline during chronic SIV highlights their responsiveness to neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chase E. Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ashok R. Dinasarapu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Brent T. Schlegel
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jie Li
- Bioinformatics Core, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | | | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Pabitra B. Pal
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Danielle Beckman
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
| | - Reben Raeman
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jeffrey Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, USA
| | - John H. Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, UCD, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UCD, Davis, California, USA
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31
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Bruner E, Eisová S. Vascular microforamina and endocranial surface: Normal variation and distribution in adult humans: Vascular biology. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2024. [PMID: 38465854 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The term craniovascular traits refers to the imprints left by arteries and veins on the skull bones. These features can be used in biological anthropology and archaeology to investigate the morphology of the vascular network in extinct species and past populations. Generally, the term refers to macrovascular features of the endocranial cavity, like those associated with the middle meningeal artery, venous sinuses, emissary foramina, and diploic channels. However, small vascular passages (here called microforamina or microchannels) have been occasionally described on the endocranial surface. The larger ones (generally with a diameter between 0.5 and 2.0 mm) can be detected through medical scanners on osteological collections. In this study, we describe and quantify the number and distribution of these microforamina in adult humans (N = 45) and, preliminarily, in a small sample of children (N = 7). Adults display more microchannels than juvenile skulls. A higher frequency in females is also observed, although this result is not statistically significant and might be associated with allometric cranial variations. The distribution of the microforamina is particularly concentrated on the top of the vault, in particular along the sagittal, metopic, and coronal sutures, matching the course of major venous sinuses and parasagittal bridging veins. Nonetheless, the density is lower in the region posterior to bregma. Beyond oxygenation, these vessels are likely involved in endocranial thermal regulation, infection, inflammation, and immune responses, and their distribution and prevalence can hence be of interest in human biology, evolutionary anthropology, and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliano Bruner
- Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana, Burgos, Spain
- Alzheimer's Centre Reina Sofia-CIEN Foundation-ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stanislava Eisová
- Antropologické oddělení, Přírodovědecké muzeum, Národní Muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic
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Van Hoecke L, Castelein J, Xie J, Van Acker L, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Vlaeminck I, Verhaege D, Claeys W, Wierda K, Callaerts-Vegh Z, Vandenbroucke RE. An immunological puzzle: The adaptive immune system fuels Alzheimer's disease pathology. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 117:122-134. [PMID: 38142916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a concerning rise in prevalence. It is projected that the number of affected individuals will reach a staggering 150 million by 2050. While recent advancements in monoclonal antibodies targeting Aβ have shown some clinical effects, there is an urgent need for improved therapies to effectively address the impeding surge of AD patients worldwide. To achieve this, a deeper understanding of the intricate mechanisms underlying the disease is crucial. In recent years, mounting evidence has underscored the vital role of the innate immune system in AD pathology. However, limited findings persist regarding the involvement of the adaptive immune system. Here, we report on the impact of the adaptive immune system on various aspects of AD by using AppNL-G-F mice crossed into a Rag2-/- background lacking mature adaptive immune cells. In addition, to simulate the continuous exposure to various challenges such as infections that is commonly observed in humans, the innate immune system was activated through the repetitive induction of peripheral inflammation. We observed a remarkably improved performance on complex cognitive tasks when a mature adaptive immune system is absent. Notably, this observation is pathologically associated with lower Aβ plaque accumulation, reduced glial activation, and better-preserved neuronal networks in the mice lacking a mature adaptive immune system. Collectively, these findings highlight the detrimental role of the adaptive immune system in AD and underscore the need for effective strategies to modulate it for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Van Hoecke
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonas Castelein
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Junhua Xie
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Acker
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ine Vlaeminck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daan Verhaege
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Claeys
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keimpe Wierda
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Brain & Disease Research, VIB, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Zeineddine HA, Hong SH, Peesh P, Dienel A, Torres K, Pandit PT, Matsumura K, Huang S, Li W, Chauhan A, Hagan J, Marrelli SP, McCullough LD, Blackburn SL, Aronowski J, McBride DW. Neutrophils and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Cause Vascular Occlusion and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:635-652. [PMID: 38299355 PMCID: PMC10923061 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), neutrophils are deleterious and contribute to poor outcomes. Neutrophils can produce neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) after ischemic stroke. Our hypothesis was that, after SAH, neutrophils contribute to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and worse outcomes via cerebrovascular occlusion by NETs. METHODS SAH was induced via endovascular perforation, and SAH mice were given either a neutrophil-depleting antibody, a PAD4 (peptidylarginine deiminase 4) inhibitor (to prevent NETosis), DNAse-I (to degrade NETs), or a vehicle control. Mice underwent daily neurological assessment until day 7 and then euthanized for quantification of intravascular brain NETs (iNETs). Subsets of mice were used to quantify neutrophil infiltration, NETosis potential, iNETs, cerebral perfusion, and infarction. In addition, NET markers were assessed in the blood of aneurysmal SAH patients. RESULTS In mice, SAH led to brain neutrophil infiltration within 24 hours, induced a pro-NETosis phenotype selectively in skull neutrophils, and caused a significant increase in iNETs by day 1, which persisted until at least day 7. Neutrophil depletion significantly reduced iNETs, improving cerebral perfusion, leading to less neurological deficits and less incidence of DCI (16% versus 51.9%). Similarly, PAD4 inhibition reduced iNETs, improved neurological outcome, and reduced incidence of DCI (5% versus 30%), whereas degrading NETs marginally improved outcomes. Patients with aneurysmal SAH who developed DCI had elevated markers of NETs compared with non-DCI patients. CONCLUSIONS After SAH, skull-derived neutrophils are primed for NETosis, and there are persistent brain iNETs, which correlated with delayed deficits. The findings from this study suggest that, after SAH, neutrophils and NETosis are therapeutic targets, which can prevent vascular occlusion by NETs in the brain, thereby lessening the risk of DCI. Finally, NET markers may be biomarkers, which can predict which patients with aneurysmal SAH are at risk for developing DCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein A. Zeineddine
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sung-Ha Hong
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Pedram Peesh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ari Dienel
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kiara Torres
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Peeyush Thankamani Pandit
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kanako Matsumura
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shuning Huang
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wen Li
- Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas McGovern Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Biostatistics/Epidemiology/Research Design (BERD) Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences (CCTS), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anjali Chauhan
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - John Hagan
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean P. Marrelli
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Louise D. McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Spiros L. Blackburn
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Aronowski
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Devin W. McBride
- The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Ren H, Liu Q. Skull and vertebral bone marrow in central nervous system inflammation. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 4:246-250. [PMID: 38933518 PMCID: PMC11197483 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2023.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has highlighted the capacity of hematogenous cells in skull and vertebral bone marrow to enter the meningeal borders via ossified vascular channels and maintain immune homeostasis in the central nervous system (CNS). CNS-adjacent skull and vertebral bone marrow comprises hematopoietic niches that can sense CNS injury and supply specialized immune cells to fine-tune inflammatory responses. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of skull and vertebral bone marrow-derived immune cells in homeostasis and inflammatory CNS diseases. Further, we discuss the implications for future development of therapies to mitigate CNS inflammation and its detrimental sequelae in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ren
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Institute of Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, International Joint Laboratory of Ocular Diseases, Ministry of Education, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
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35
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Kleimann P, Irschfeld LM, Grandoch M, Flögel U, Temme S. Trained Innate Immunity in Animal Models of Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2312. [PMID: 38396989 PMCID: PMC10889825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Acquisition of immunological memory is an important evolutionary strategy that evolved to protect the host from repetitive challenges from infectious agents. It was believed for a long time that memory formation exclusively occurs in the adaptive part of the immune system with the formation of highly specific memory T cells and B cells. In the past 10-15 years, it has become clear that innate immune cells, such as monocytes, natural killer cells, or neutrophil granulocytes, also have the ability to generate some kind of memory. After the exposure of innate immune cells to certain stimuli, these cells develop an enhanced secondary response with increased cytokine secretion even after an encounter with an unrelated stimulus. This phenomenon has been termed trained innate immunity (TI) and is associated with epigenetic modifications (histone methylation, acetylation) and metabolic alterations (elevated glycolysis, lactate production). TI has been observed in tissue-resident or circulating immune cells but also in bone marrow progenitors. Risk-factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) which are associated with low-grade inflammation, such as hyperglycemia, obesity, or high salt, can also induce TI with a profound impact on the development and progression of CVDs. In this review, we briefly describe basic mechanisms of TI and summarize animal studies which specifically focus on TI in the context of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Kleimann
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
| | - Lisa-Marie Irschfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (P.K.); (U.F.)
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sebastian Temme
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), University Hospital, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Lauzier DC, Srienc AI, Vellimana AK, Dacey Jr RG, Zipfel GJ. Peripheral macrophages in the development and progression of structural cerebrovascular pathologies. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:169-191. [PMID: 38000039 PMCID: PMC10993883 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231217001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The human cerebrovascular system is responsible for maintaining neural function through oxygenation, nutrient supply, filtration of toxins, and additional specialized tasks. While the cerebrovascular system has resilience imparted by elaborate redundant collateral circulation from supportive tertiary structures, it is not infallible, and is susceptible to developing structural vascular abnormalities. The causes of this class of structural cerebrovascular diseases can be broadly categorized as 1) intrinsic developmental diseases resulting from genetic or other underlying aberrations (arteriovenous malformations and cavernous malformations) or 2) extrinsic acquired diseases that cause compensatory mechanisms to drive vascular remodeling (aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulae). Cerebrovascular diseases of both types pose significant risks to patients, in some cases leading to death or disability. The drivers of such diseases are extensive, yet inflammation is intimately tied to all of their progressions. Central to this inflammatory hypothesis is the role of peripheral macrophages; targeting this critical cell type may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic advancement in this area. Here, we comprehensively review the role that peripheral macrophages play in cerebrovascular pathogenesis, provide a schema through which macrophage behavior can be understood in cerebrovascular pathologies, and describe emerging diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Lauzier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anja I Srienc
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ananth K Vellimana
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ralph G Dacey Jr
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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37
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Halperin EC. In Regard to Rogers et al. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:574. [PMID: 38220260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Halperin
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, Pediatrics, and History, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York.
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38
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Passarelli JP, Nimjee SM, Townsend KL. Stroke and Neurogenesis: Bridging Clinical Observations to New Mechanistic Insights from Animal Models. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:53-68. [PMID: 36462099 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Stroke was the 2nd leading cause of death and a major cause of morbidity. Unfortunately, there are limited means to promote neurological recovery post-stroke, but research has unearthed potential targets for therapies to encourage post-stroke neurogenesis and neuroplasticity. The occurrence of neurogenesis in adult mammalian brains, including humans, was not widely accepted until the 1990s. Now, adult neurogenesis has been extensively studied in human and mouse neurogenic brain niches, of which the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus are best studied. Numerous other niches are under investigation for neurogenic potential. This review offers a basic overview to stroke in the clinical setting, a focused summary of recent and foundational research literature on cortical neurogenesis and post-stroke brain plasticity, and insights regarding how the meninges and choroid plexus have emerged as key players in neurogenesis and neuroplasticity in the context of focal cerebral ischemia disrupting the anterior circulation. The choroid plexus and meninges are vital as they are integral sites for neuroimmune interactions, glymphatic perfusion, and niche signaling pertinent to neural stem cells and neurogenesis. Modulating neuroimmune interactions with a focus on astrocyte activity, potentially through manipulation of the choroid plexus and meningeal niches, may reduce the exacerbation of stroke by inflammatory mediators and create an environment conducive to neurorecovery. Furthermore, addressing impaired glymphatic perfusion after ischemic stroke likely supports a neurogenic environment by clearing out inflammatory mediators, neurotoxic metabolites, and other accumulated waste. The meninges and choroid plexus also contribute more directly to promoting neurogenesis: the meninges are thought to harbor neural stem cells and are a niche amenable to neural stem/progenitor cell migration. Additionally, the choroid plexus has secretory functions that directly influences stem cells through signaling mechanisms and growth factor actions. More research to better understand the functions of the meninges and choroid plexus may lead to novel approaches for stimulating neuronal recovery after ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahid M Nimjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Rebejac J, Eme-Scolan E, Rua R. Role of meningeal immunity in brain function and protection against pathogens. J Inflamm (Lond) 2024; 21:3. [PMID: 38291415 PMCID: PMC10829400 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The brain and spinal cord collectively referred to as the Central Nervous System (CNS) are protected by the blood-brain barrier that limits molecular, microbial and immunological trafficking. However, in the last decade, many studies have emphasized the protective role of 'border regions' at the surface of the CNS which are highly immunologically active, in contrast with the CNS parenchyma. In the steady-state, lymphoid and myeloid cells residing in the cranial meninges can affect brain function and behavior. Upon infection, they provide a first layer of protection against microbial neuroinvasion. The maturation of border sites over time enables more effective brain protection in adults as compared to neonates. Here, we provide a comprehensive update on the meningeal immune system and its role in physiological brain function and protection against infectious agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rebejac
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Elisa Eme-Scolan
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Rejane Rua
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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Aroca-Crevillén A, Vicanolo T, Ovadia S, Hidalgo A. Neutrophils in Physiology and Pathology. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 19:227-259. [PMID: 38265879 PMCID: PMC11060889 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pathmechdis-051222-015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancer are major causes of disease and death worldwide. Neutrophils are inescapably associated with each of these health concerns, by either protecting from, instigating, or aggravating their impact on the host. However, each of these disorders has a very different etiology, and understanding how neutrophils contribute to each of them requires understanding the intricacies of this immune cell type, including their immune and nonimmune contributions to physiology and pathology. Here, we review some of these intricacies, from basic concepts in neutrophil biology, such as their production and acquisition of functional diversity, to the variety of mechanisms by which they contribute to preventing or aggravating infections, cardiovascular events, and cancer. We also review poorly explored aspects of how neutrophils promote health by favoring tissue repair and discuss how discoveries about their basic biology inform the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Aroca-Crevillén
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Tommaso Vicanolo
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain;
| | - Samuel Ovadia
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Andrés Hidalgo
- Cardiovascular Regeneration Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain;
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program and Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, USA
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41
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Okar SV, Fagiani F, Absinta M, Reich DS. Imaging of brain barrier inflammation and brain fluid drainage in human neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:31. [PMID: 38212566 PMCID: PMC10838199 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The intricate relationship between the central nervous system (CNS) and the immune system plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of various neurological diseases. Understanding the interactions among the immunopathological processes at the brain borders is essential for advancing our knowledge of disease mechanisms and developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. In this review, we explore the emerging role of neuroimaging in providing valuable insights into brain barrier inflammation and brain fluid drainage in human neurological diseases. Neuroimaging techniques have enabled us not only to visualize and assess brain structures, but also to study the dynamics of the CNS in health and disease in vivo. By analyzing imaging findings, we can gain a deeper understanding of the immunopathology observed at the brain-immune interface barriers, which serve as critical gatekeepers that regulate immune cell trafficking, cytokine release, and clearance of waste products from the brain. This review explores the integration of neuroimaging data with immunopathological findings, providing valuable insights into brain barrier integrity and immune responses in neurological diseases. Such integration may lead to the development of novel diagnostic markers and targeted therapeutic approaches that can benefit patients with neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serhat V Okar
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Francesca Fagiani
- Translational Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Absinta
- Translational Neuropathology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132, Milan, Italy.
- Division of Neuroscience, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daniel S Reich
- Translational Neuroradiology Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Ye Y, Gao M, Shi W, Gao Y, Li Y, Yang W, Zheng X, Lu X. The immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer's disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1325530. [PMID: 38259476 PMCID: PMC10800421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1325530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been identified as another significant pathogenic factor in Alzheimer's disease following Aβ amyloid deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation, activated in the central nervous system by glial cells in response to injury-related and pathogen-related molecular patterns. Moderate glial cell activity can be neuroprotective; however, excessive glial cell activation advances the pathology of Alzheimer's disease and is accompanied by structural changes in the brain interface, with peripheral immune cells entering the brain through the blood-brain barrier, creating a vicious circle. The immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are primarily conveyed through extracellular vesicles (EVs). MSC-EVs participate in chronic inflammatory and immune processes by transferring nucleic acids, proteins and lipids from the parent cell to the recipient cell, thus MSC-EVs retain their immunomodulatory capacity while avoiding the safety issues associated with living cell therapy, making them a promising focus for immunomodulatory therapy. In this review, we discuss the modulatory effects of MSC-EVs on Alzheimer's disease-associated immune cells and the mechanisms involved in their treatment of the condition. We have found a clinical trial of MSC-EVs in Alzheimer's disease treatment and outlined the challenges of this approach. Overall, MSC-EVs have the potential to provide a safe and effective treatment option for Alzheimer's disease by targeting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ye
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mingzhu Gao
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Central Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Wentao Shi
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yilu Li
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaomin Zheng
- Research Institute for Reproductive Health and Genetic Diseases, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Lu
- Neuroscience Center, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Central Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi No.2 People’s Hospital, Wuxi, China
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Shi M, Chu F, Zhu F, Zhu J. Peripheral blood amyloid-β involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease via impacting on peripheral innate immune cells. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38178136 PMCID: PMC10765910 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-03003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
A key pathological factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of age-related dementia in the world, is excessive β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in extracellular aggregation in the brain. And in the peripheral blood, a large amount of Aβ is derived from platelets. So far, the causality between the levels of peripheral blood Aβ and its aggregation in the brain, particularly the role of the peripheral blood Aβ in the pathology of AD, is still unclear. And the relation between the peripheral blood Aβ and tau tangles of brain, another crucial pathologic factor contributing to the pathogenesis of AD, is also ambiguous. More recently, the anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies are approved for treatment of AD patients through declining the peripheral blood Aβ mechanism of action to enhance plasma and central nervous system (CNS) Aβ clearance, leading to a decrease Aβ burden in brain and improving cognitive function, which clearly indicates that the levels of the peripheral blood Aβ impacted on the Aβ burden in brain and involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In addition, the role of peripheral innate immune cells in AD remains mostly unknown and the results obtained were controversial. In the present review, we summarize recent studies on the roles of peripheral blood Aβ and the peripheral innate immune cells in the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, based on the published data and our own work, we believe that peripheral blood Aβ plays an important role in the development and progression of AD by impacting on the peripheral innate immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Shi
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fengna Chu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Feiqi Zhu
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Cognitive Impairment Ward of Neurology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Medical College, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jie Zhu
- Neuroscience Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences & Society, Division of Neurogeriatrcs, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Toni R, Barbaro F, Di Conza G, Zini N, Remaggi G, Elviri L, Spaletta G, Quarantini E, Quarantini M, Mosca S, Caravelli S, Mosca M, Ravanetti F, Sprio S, Tampieri A. A bioartificial and vasculomorphic bone matrix-based organoid mimicking microanatomy of flat and short bones. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2024; 112:e35329. [PMID: 37898921 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
We engineered an in vitro model of bioartificial 3D bone organoid consistent with an anatomical and vascular microenvironment common to mammalian flat and short bones. To achieve this, we chose the decellularized-decalcified matrix of the adult male rat scapula, implemented with the reconstruction of its intrinsic vessels, obtained through an original intravascular perfusion with polylevolactic (PLLA), followed by coating of the PLLA-fabricated vascularization with rat tail collagen. As a result, the 3D bone and vascular geometry of the native bone cortical and cancellous compartments was reproduced, and the rat tail collagen-PLLA biomaterial could in vitro act as a surrogate of the perivascular extracellular matrix (ECM) around the wall of the biomaterial-reconstituted cancellous vessels. As a proof-of-concept of cell compatibility and site-dependent osteoinductive properties of this bioartificial 3D construct, we show that it in vitro leads to a time-dependent microtopographic positioning of rat mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), initiating an osteogenic fate in relation to the bone compartment. In addition, coating of PLLA-reconstructed vessels with rat tail collagen favored perivascular attachment and survival of MSC-like cells (mouse embryonic fibroblasts), confirming its potentiality as a perivascular stroma for triggering competence of seeded MSCs. Finally, in vivo radiographic topography of bone lesions in the human jaw and foot tarsus of subjects with primary osteoporosis revealed selective bone cortical versus cancellous involvement, suggesting usefulness of a human 3D bone organoid engineered with the same principles of our rat organoid, to in vitro investigate compartment-dependent activities of human MSC in flat and short bones under experimental osteoporotic challenge. We conclude that our 3D bioartificial construct offers a reliable replica of flat and short bones microanatomy, and promises to help in building a compartment-dependent mechanistic perspective of bone remodeling, including the microtopographic dysregulation of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Toni
- ISSMC, CNR, Faenza, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center-Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, Section IV-Medical Sciences, Bologna, Italy
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic-OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and Odontostomatology Units, Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera (BO), Italy
| | - Fulvio Barbaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine-BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giusy Di Conza
- Department of Medicine and Surgery-DIMEC, Unit of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.BI.BI.T.), Laboratory of Regenerative Morphology and Bioartificial Structures (Re.Mo.Bio.S.), and Museum and Historical Library of Biomedicine-BIOMED, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Zini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics "Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza", Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Remaggi
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Elviri
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giulia Spaletta
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Quarantini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic-OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and Odontostomatology Units, Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera (BO), Italy
| | - Marco Quarantini
- Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition Disorders Outpatient Clinic-OSTEONET (Osteoporosis, Nutrition, Endocrinology, and Innovative Therapies) and Odontostomatology Units, Galliera Medical Center, San Venanzio di Galliera (BO), Italy
| | - Salvatore Mosca
- Course on Disorders of the Locomotor System, Fellow Program in Orthopaedics and Traumatology, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Caravelli
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Mosca
- II Clinic of Orthopedic and Traumatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesca Ravanetti
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Section of Anatomy, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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45
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Wang J, Dong D, Zhao W, Wang J. Intravital microscopy visualizes innate immune crosstalk and function in tissue microenvironment. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350458. [PMID: 37830252 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the field of intravital microscopy (IVM) on myeloid cells due to the growing number of validated fluorescent probes and reporter mice. IVM provides a visualization platform to directly observe cell behavior and deepen our understanding of cellular dynamics, heterogeneity, plasticity, and cell-cell communication in native tissue environments. This review outlines the current studies on the dynamic interaction and function of innate immune cells with a focus on those that are studied with IVM and covers the advances in data analysis with emerging artificial intelligence-based algorithms. Finally, the prospects of IVM on innate immune cells are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Dong
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenying Zhao
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Immune-related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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46
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Xu C, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen H, Tang T, Wang J, Xia S, Chen G, Zhang J. Lateralized response of skull bone marrow via osteopontin signaling in mice after ischemia reperfusion. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:294. [PMID: 38071333 PMCID: PMC10710724 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Skull bone marrow is thought to be an immune tissue closely associated with the central nervous system (CNS). Recent studies have focused on the role of skull bone marrow in central nervous system disorders. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on ipsilateral and contralateral skull bone marrow cells after experimental stroke and then performed flow cytometry and analysis of cytokine expression. Skull marrow showed lateralization in response to stroke. Lateralization is demonstrated primarily by the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid lineage cells in the skull bone marrow adjacent to the ischemic region, with an increased proportion of neutrophils compared to monocytes. Analysis of chemokines in the skull revealed marked differences in chemotactic signals between the ipsilateral and contralateral skull, whereas sympathetic signals innervating the skull did not affect cranial bone marrow lateralization. Osteopontin (OPN) is involved in region-specific activation of the skull marrow that promotes inflammation in the meninges, and inhibition of OPN expression improves neurological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoran Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qia Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huaijun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianchi Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China.
- Brain Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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47
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Elizaldi SR, Verma A, Ma ZM, Ott S, Rajasundaram D, Hawes CE, Lakshmanappa YS, Cottrell ML, Kashuba ADM, Ambrose Z, Lifson JD, Morrison JH, Iyer SS. Deep analysis of CD4 T cells in the rhesus CNS during SIV infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011844. [PMID: 38060615 PMCID: PMC10729971 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Virologic suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improved health outcomes for people living with HIV, yet challenges related to chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS)-known as Neuro-HIV- persist. As primary targets for HIV-1 with the ability to survey and populate the CNS and interact with myeloid cells to co-ordinate neuroinflammation, CD4 T cells are pivotal in Neuro-HIV. Despite their importance, our understanding of CD4 T cell distribution in virus-targeted CNS tissues, their response to infection, and potential recovery following initiation of ART remain limited. To address these gaps, we studied ten SIVmac251-infected rhesus macaques using an ART regimen simulating suboptimal adherence. We evaluated four macaques during the acute phase pre-ART and six during the chronic phase. Our data revealed that HIV target CCR5+ CD4 T cells inhabit both the brain parenchyma and adjacent CNS tissues, encompassing choroid plexus stroma, dura mater, and the skull bone marrow. Aligning with the known susceptibility of CCR5+ CD4 T cells to viral infection and their presence within the CNS, high levels of viral RNA were detected in the brain parenchyma and its border tissues during acute SIV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing of CD45+ cells from the brain revealed colocalization of viral transcripts within CD4 clusters and significant activation of antiviral molecules and specific effector programs within T cells, indicating CNS CD4 T cell engagement during infection. Acute infection led to marked imbalance in the CNS CD4/CD8 ratio which persisted into the chronic phase. These observations underscore the functional involvement of CD4 T cells within the CNS during SIV infection, enhancing our understanding of their role in establishing CNS viral presence. Our findings offer insights for potential T cell-focused interventions while underscoring the challenges in eradicating HIV from the CNS, particularly in the context of sub-optimal ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny R. Elizaldi
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Anil Verma
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zhong-Min Ma
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Sean Ott
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Dhivyaa Rajasundaram
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chase E. Hawes
- Graduate Group in Immunology, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | | | - Mackenzie L. Cottrell
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Angela D. M. Kashuba
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Zandrea Ambrose
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John H. Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Smita S. Iyer
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- California National Primate Research Center, UC Davis, California, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, California, United States of America
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48
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Mazzitelli JA, Pulous FE, Smyth LCD, Kaya Z, Rustenhoven J, Moskowitz MA, Kipnis J, Nahrendorf M. Skull bone marrow channels as immune gateways to the central nervous system. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2052-2062. [PMID: 37996526 PMCID: PMC10894464 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01487-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Decades of research have characterized diverse immune cells surveilling the CNS. More recently, the discovery of osseous channels (so-called 'skull channels') connecting the meninges with the skull and vertebral bone marrow has revealed a new layer of complexity in our understanding of neuroimmune interactions. Here we discuss our current understanding of skull and vertebral bone marrow anatomy, its contribution of leukocytes to the meninges, and its surveillance of the CNS. We explore the role of this hematopoietic output on CNS health, focusing on the supply of immune cells during health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Mazzitelli
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fadi E Pulous
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Leon C D Smyth
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Zeynep Kaya
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Justin Rustenhoven
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Moskowitz
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan Kipnis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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49
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Brock J, Basu N, Schlachetzki JCM, Schett G, McInnes IB, Cavanagh J. Immune mechanisms of depression in rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023; 19:790-804. [PMID: 37923863 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-01037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common and disabling comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis that not only decreases the likelihood of remission and treatment adherence but also increases the risk of disability and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Compelling data that link immune mechanisms to major depressive disorder indicate possible common mechanisms that drive the pathology of the two conditions. Preclinical evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory cytokines, which are prevalent in rheumatoid arthritis, have various effects on monoaminergic neurotransmission, neurotrophic factors and measures of synaptic plasticity. Neuroimaging studies provide insight into the consequences of inflammation on the brain (for example, on neural connectivity), and clinical trial data highlight the beneficial effects of immune modulation on comorbid depression. Major depressive disorder occurs more frequently in patients with rheumatoid arthritis than in the general population, and major depressive disorder also increases the risk of a future diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, further highlighting the link between rheumatoid arthritis and major depressive disorder. This Review focuses on interactions between peripheral and central immunobiological mechanisms in the context of both rheumatoid arthritis and major depressive disorder. Understanding these mechanisms will provide a basis for future therapeutic development, not least in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Brock
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Neil Basu
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iain B McInnes
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jonathan Cavanagh
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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50
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Claeys W, Verhaege D, Van Imschoot G, Van Wonterghem E, Van Acker L, Amelinck L, De Ponti FF, Scott C, Geerts A, Van Steenkiste C, Van Hoecke L, Vandenbroucke RE. Limitations of PLX3397 as a microglial investigational tool: peripheral and off-target effects dictate the response to inflammation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1283711. [PMID: 38077359 PMCID: PMC10703484 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1283711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system (CNS), play a critical role in CNS homeostasis and neuroinflammation. Pexidartinib (PLX3397), a colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) receptor inhibitor, is widely used to deplete microglia, offering flexible options for both long-term depletion and highly versatile depletion-repopulation cycles. However, the potential impact of PLX3397 on peripheral (immune) cells remains controversial. Until now, the microglia-specificity of this type of compounds has not been thoroughly evaluated, particularly in the context of peripherally derived neuroinflammation. Our study addresses this gap by examining the effects of PLX3397 on immune cells in the brain, liver, circulation and bone marrow, both in homeostasis and systemic inflammation models. Intriguingly, we demonstrate that PLX3397 treatment not only influences the levels of tissue-resident macrophages, but also affects circulating and bone marrow immune cells beyond the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). These alterations in peripheral immune cells disrupt the response to systemic inflammation, consequently impacting the phenotype irrespective of microglial depletion. Furthermore, we observed that a lower dose of PLX3397, which does not deplete microglia, demonstrates similar (non-)MPS effects, both in the periphery and the brain, but fails to fully replicate the peripheral alterations seen in the higher doses, questioning lower doses as a 'peripheral control' strategy. Overall, our data highlight the need for caution when interpreting studies employing this compound, as it may not be suitable for specific investigation of microglial function in the presence of systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter Claeys
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daan Verhaege
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Griet Van Imschoot
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Van Wonterghem
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lore Van Acker
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Amelinck
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Federico F. De Ponti
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB–UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Scott
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory of Myeloid Cell Biology in Tissue Damage and Inflammation, VIB–UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anja Geerts
- Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Hepatology Research Unit, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Liver Research Center Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Van Steenkiste
- Antwerp University, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Maria Middelares Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E. Vandenbroucke
- Barriers in Inflammation, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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