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Zambrano C, Garitaonaindia MT, Salmerón D, Pérez-Sanz F, Tchio C, Picinato MC, de Medina FS, Luján J, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Martínez-Augustin O, Garaulet M. Melatonin decreases human adipose tissue insulin sensitivity. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12965. [PMID: 38860494 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Melatonin is a pineal hormone that modulates the circadian system and exerts soporific and phase-shifting effects. It is also involved in many other physiological processes, such as those implicated in cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and metabolic functions. However, the role of melatonin in glucose metabolism remains contradictory, and its action on human adipose tissue (AT) explants has not been demonstrated. We aimed to assess whether melatonin (a pharmacological dose) influences insulin sensitivity in human AT. This will help better understand melatonin administration's effect on glucose metabolism. Abdominal AT (subcutaneous and visceral) biopsies were obtained from 19 participants with severe obesity (age: 42.84 ± 12.48 years; body mass index: 43.14 ± 8.26 kg/m2) who underwent a laparoscopic gastric bypass. AT biopsies were exposed to four different treatments: control (C), insulin alone (I) (10 nM), melatonin alone (M) (5000 pg/mL), and insulin plus melatonin combined (I + M). All four conditions were repeated in both subcutaneous and visceral AT, and all were performed in the morning at 8 a.m. (n = 19) and the evening at 8 p.m. (in a subsample of n = 12). We used western blot analysis to determine insulin signaling (using the pAKT/tAKT ratio). Furthermore, RNAseq analyses were performed to better understand the metabolic pathways involved in the effect of melatonin on insulin signaling. As expected, insulin treatment (I) increased the pAKT/tAKT ratio compared with control (p < .0001). Furthermore, the addition of melatonin (I + M) resulted in a decrease in insulin signaling as compared with insulin alone (I); this effect was significant only during the evening time (not in the morning time). Further, RNAseq analyses in visceral AT during the evening condition (at 8 p.m.) showed that melatonin resulted in a prompt transcriptome response (around 1 h after melatonin addition), particularly by downregulating the insulin signaling pathway. Our results show that melatonin reduces insulin sensitivity in human AT during the evening. These results may partly explain the previous studies showing a decrease in glucose tolerance after oral melatonin administration in the evening or when eating late when endogenous melatonin is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Zambrano
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mireia Tena Garitaonaindia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INYTA) José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Salmerón
- Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Health and Social Sciences Department, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Cynthia Tchio
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Luján
- General Surgery Service, Hospital Quirónsalud Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Ibs Granada, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INYTA) José Mataix, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Research Biomedical Institute of Murcia (IMIB)-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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DeBari MK, Johnston EK, Scott JV, Ilzuka E, Sun W, Webster-Wood VA, Abbott RD. A Preliminary Study on Factors That Drive Patient Variability in Human Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues. Cells 2024; 13:1240. [PMID: 39120271 PMCID: PMC11311805 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is a dynamic regulatory organ that has profound effects on the overall health of patients. Unfortunately, inconsistencies in human adipose tissues are extensive and multifactorial, including large variability in cellular sizes, lipid content, inflammation, extracellular matrix components, mechanics, and cytokines secreted. Given the high human variability, and since much of what is known about adipose tissue is from animal models, we sought to establish correlations and patterns between biological, mechanical, and epidemiological properties of human adipose tissues. To do this, twenty-six independent variables were cataloged for twenty patients, which included patient demographics and factors that drive health, obesity, and fibrosis. A factorial analysis for mixed data (FAMD) was used to analyze patterns in the dataset (with BMI > 25), and a correlation matrix was used to identify interactions between quantitative variables. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and actin alpha 2, smooth muscle (ACTA2) gene expression were the highest loadings in the first two dimensions of the FAMD. The number of adipocytes was also a key driver of patient-related differences, where a decrease in the density of adipocytes was associated with aging. Aging was also correlated with a decrease in overall lipid percentage of subcutaneous tissue, with lipid deposition being favored extracellularly, an increase in transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1), and an increase in M1 macrophage polarization. An important finding was that self-identified race contributed to variance between patients in this study, where Black patients had significantly lower gene expression levels of TGFβ1 and ACTA2. This finding supports the urgent need to account for patient ancestry in biomedical research to develop better therapeutic strategies for all patients. Another important finding was that TGFβ induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1), an understudied signaling molecule, which is highly correlated with leptin signaling, was correlated with metabolic inflammation. Furthermore, this study draws attention to what we define as "extracellular lipid droplets", which were consistently found in collagen-rich regions of the obese adipose tissues evaluated here. Reduced levels of TGIF1 were correlated with higher numbers of extracellular lipid droplets and an inability to suppress fibrotic changes in adipose tissue. Finally, this study indicated that M1 and M2 macrophage markers were correlated with each other and leptin in patients with a BMI > 25. This finding supports growing evidence that macrophage polarization in obesity involves a complex, interconnecting network system rather than a full switch in activation patterns from M2 to M1 with increasing body mass. Overall, this study reinforces key findings in animal studies and identifies important areas for future research, where human and animal studies are divergent. Understanding key drivers of human patient variability is required to unravel the complex metabolic health of unique patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan K. DeBari
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.K.D.); (E.K.J.); (J.V.S.); (E.I.); (V.A.W.-W.)
| | - Elizabeth K. Johnston
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.K.D.); (E.K.J.); (J.V.S.); (E.I.); (V.A.W.-W.)
| | - Jacqueline V. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.K.D.); (E.K.J.); (J.V.S.); (E.I.); (V.A.W.-W.)
| | - Erica Ilzuka
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.K.D.); (E.K.J.); (J.V.S.); (E.I.); (V.A.W.-W.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Wenhuan Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Victoria A. Webster-Wood
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.K.D.); (E.K.J.); (J.V.S.); (E.I.); (V.A.W.-W.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Rosalyn D. Abbott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; (M.K.D.); (E.K.J.); (J.V.S.); (E.I.); (V.A.W.-W.)
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Liang Y, Kaushal D, Wilson RB. Cellular Senescence and Extracellular Vesicles in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Obesity-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7943. [PMID: 39063184 PMCID: PMC11276987 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This narrative review explores the pathophysiology of obesity, cellular senescence, and exosome release. When exposed to excessive nutrients, adipocytes develop mitochondrial dysfunction and generate reactive oxygen species with DNA damage. This triggers adipocyte hypertrophy and hypoxia, inhibition of adiponectin secretion and adipogenesis, increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and maladaptive unfolded protein response, metaflammation, and polarization of macrophages. Such feed-forward cycles are not resolved by antioxidant systems, heat shock response pathways, or DNA repair mechanisms, resulting in transmissible cellular senescence via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine signaling. Senescence can thus affect preadipocytes, mature adipocytes, tissue macrophages and lymphocytes, hepatocytes, vascular endothelium, pancreatic β cells, myocytes, hypothalamic nuclei, and renal podocytes. The senescence-associated secretory phenotype is closely related to visceral adipose tissue expansion and metaflammation; inhibition of SIRT-1, adiponectin, and autophagy; and increased release of exosomes, exosomal micro-RNAs, pro-inflammatory adipokines, and saturated free fatty acids. The resulting hypernefemia, insulin resistance, and diminished fatty acid β-oxidation lead to lipotoxicity and progressive obesity, metabolic syndrome, and physical and cognitive functional decline. Weight cycling is related to continuing immunosenescence and exposure to palmitate. Cellular senescence, exosome release, and the transmissible senescence-associated secretory phenotype contribute to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Targeted therapies have interrelated and synergistic effects on cellular senescence, obesity, and premature aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Liang
- Bankstown Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Devesh Kaushal
- Campbelltown Hospital, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW 2560, Australia;
| | - Robert Beaumont Wilson
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales, High St., Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Savulescu-Fiedler I, Mihalcea R, Dragosloveanu S, Scheau C, Baz RO, Caruntu A, Scheau AE, Caruntu C, Benea SN. The Interplay between Obesity and Inflammation. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:856. [PMID: 39063610 PMCID: PMC11277997 DOI: 10.3390/life14070856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important condition affecting the quality of life of numerous patients and increasing their associated risk for multiple diseases, including tumors and immune-mediated disorders. Inflammation appears to play a major role in the development of obesity and represents a central point for the activity of cellular and humoral components in the adipose tissue. Macrophages play a key role as the main cellular component of the adipose tissue regulating the chronic inflammation and modulating the secretion and differentiation of various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Inflammation also involves a series of signaling pathways that might represent the focus for new therapies and interventions. Weight loss is essential in decreasing cardiometabolic risks and the degree of associated inflammation; however, the latter can persist for long after the excess weight is lost, and can involve changes in macrophage phenotypes that can ensure the metabolic adjustment. A clear understanding of the pathophysiological processes in the adipose tissue and the interplay between obesity and chronic inflammation can lead to a better understanding of the development of comorbidities and may ensure future targets for the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler
- Department of Internal Medicine, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Razvan Mihalcea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Coltea Clinical Hospital, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Dragosloveanu
- Department of Orthopaedics, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 021382 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristian Scheau
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Foisor” Clinical Hospital of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Osteoarticular TB, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Octavian Baz
- Clinical Laboratory of Radiology and Medical Imaging, “Sf. Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Hospital, 900591 Constanta, Romania
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, “Ovidius” University, 900527 Constanta, Romania
| | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Andreea-Elena Scheau
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Fundeni Clinical Institute, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania (C.C.)
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Serban Nicolae Benea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- “Prof. Dr. Matei Balș” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
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Tan JTM, Cheney CV, Bamhare NES, Hossin T, Bilu C, Sandeman L, Nankivell VA, Solly EL, Kronfeld-Schor N, Bursill CA. Female Psammomys obesus Are Protected from Circadian Disruption-Induced Glucose Intolerance, Cardiac Fibrosis and Adipocyte Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7265. [PMID: 39000372 PMCID: PMC11242371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption increases the development of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. We found that circadian disruption causes glucose intolerance, cardiac fibrosis and adipocyte tissue dysfunction in male sand rats, Psammomys obesus. Whether these effects occur in female P. obesus is unknown. Male and female P. obesus were fed a high energy diet and exposed to a neutral (12 light:12 dark, control) or short (5 light:19 dark, circadian disruption) photoperiod for 20 weeks. Circadian disruption impaired glucose tolerance in males but not females. It also increased cardiac perivascular fibrosis and cardiac expression of inflammatory marker Ccl2 in males, with no effect in females. Females had reduced proapoptotic Bax mRNA and cardiac Myh7:Myh6 hypertrophy ratio. Cardiac protection in females occurred despite reductions in the clock gene Per2. Circadian disruption increased adipocyte hypertrophy in both males and females. This was concomitant with a reduction in adipocyte differentiation markers Pparg and Cebpa in males and females, respectively. Circadian disruption increased visceral adipose expression of inflammatory mediators Ccl2, Tgfb1 and Cd68 and reduced browning marker Ucp1 in males. However, these changes were not observed in females. Collectively, our study show that sex differentially influences the effects of circadian disruption on glucose tolerance, cardiac function and adipose tissue dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne T M Tan
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Cate V Cheney
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Nicole E S Bamhare
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tasnim Hossin
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Carmel Bilu
- School of Zoology, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Lauren Sandeman
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Victoria A Nankivell
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Emma L Solly
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | | | - Christina A Bursill
- Vascular Research Centre, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Sun Y, Deng M, Gevaert O, Aberle M, Olde Damink SW, van Dijk D, Rensen SS. Tumor metabolic activity is associated with subcutaneous adipose tissue radiodensity and survival in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1809-1815. [PMID: 38870661 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia-associated body composition alterations and tumor metabolic activity are both associated with survival of cancer patients. Recently, subcutaneous adipose tissue properties have emerged as particularly prognostic body composition features. We hypothesized that tumors with higher metabolic activity instigate cachexia related peripheral metabolic alterations, and investigated whether tumor metabolic activity is associated with body composition and survival in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), focusing on subcutaneous adipose tissue. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed on a cohort of 173 patients with NSCLC. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scans obtained before treatment were used to analyze tumor metabolic activity (standardized uptake value (SUV) and SUV normalized by lean body mass (SUL)) as well as body composition variables (subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue radiodensity (SAT/VAT radiodensity) and area; skeletal muscle radiodensity (SM radiodensity) and area). Subjects were divided into groups with high or low SAT radiodensity based on Youden Index of Receiver Operator Characteristics (ROC). Associations between tumor metabolic activity, body composition variables, and survival were analyzed by Mann-Whitney tests, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The overall prevalence of high SAT radiodensity was 50.9% (88/173). Patients with high SAT radiodensity had shorter survival compared with patients with low SAT radiodensity (mean: 45.3 vs. 50.5 months, p = 0.026). High SAT radiodensity was independently associated with shorter overall survival (multivariate Cox regression HR = 1.061, 95% CI: 1.022-1.101, p = 0.002). SAT radiodensity also correlated with tumor metabolic activity (SULpeak rs = 0.421, p = 0.029; SUVpeak rs = 0.370, p = 0.048). In contrast, the cross-sectional areas of SM, SAT, and VAT were not associated with tumor metabolic activity or survival. CONCLUSION Higher SAT radiodensity is associated with higher tumor metabolic activity and shorter survival in patients with NSCLC. This may suggest that tumors with higher metabolic activity induce subcutaneous adipose tissue alterations such as decreased lipid density, increased fibrosis, or browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, USA; Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, USA
| | - Merel Aberle
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven W Olde Damink
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of General, Visceral- and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Essen, Duisberg-Essen University, Germany
| | - David van Dijk
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sander S Rensen
- Department of Surgery and NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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Randall TD, Meza-Perez S. Immunity in adipose tissues: Cutting through the fat. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:4-10. [PMID: 38733141 PMCID: PMC11262970 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Well known functions of adipose tissue include energy storage, regulation of thermogenesis, and glucose homeostasis-each of which are associated with the metabolic functions of fat. However, adipose tissues also have important immune functions. In this issue of Immunological Reviews, we present a series of articles that highlight the immune functions of adipose tissue, including the roles of specialized adipose-resident immune cells and fat-associated lymphoid structures. Importantly, immune cell functions in adipose tissues are often linked to the metabolic functions of adipocytes and vice versa. These reciprocal interactions and how they influence both immune and metabolic functions will be discussed in each article. In the first article, Wang et al.,11 discuss adipose-associated macrophages and how obesity and metabolism impact their phenotype and function. Several articles in this issue discuss T cells as either contributors to, or regulators of, inflammatory responses in adipose tissues. Valentine and Nikolajczyk12 provide insights into the role of T cells in obesity-associated inflammation and their contribution to metabolic dysfunction, whereas an article from Kallies and Vasanthakumar13 and another from Elkins and Li14 describe adipose-associated Tregs and how they help prevent inflammation and maintain metabolic homeostasis. Articles from Okabe35 as well as from Daley and Benezech15 discuss the structure and function of fat-associated lymphoid clusters (FALCs) that are prevalent in some adipose tissues and support local immune responses to pathogens, gut-derived microbes and fat-associated antigens. Finally, an article from Meher and McNamara16 describes how innate-like B1 cells in adipose tissues regulate cardiometabolic disease. Importantly, these articles highlight the physical and functional attributes of adipose tissues that are different between mice and humans, the metabolic and immune differences between various adipose depots in the body and the differences in immune cells, adipose tissues and metabolic functions between the sexes. At the end of this preface, we highlight how these differences are critically important for our understanding of anti-tumor immunity to cancers that metastasize to a specific example of visceral adipose tissue, the omentum. Together, these articles identify some unanswered mechanistic questions that will be important to address for a better understanding of immunity in adipose tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Troy D. Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Selene Meza-Perez
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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Reese-Petersen AL, Holm Nielsen S, Bülow Sand JM, Schattenberg JM, Bugianesi E, Karsdal MA. The sclerotic component of metabolic syndrome: Fibroblast activities may be the central common denominator driving organ function loss and death. Diabetes Obes Metab 2024; 26:2554-2566. [PMID: 38699780 DOI: 10.1111/dom.15615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a common feature of more than 50 different diseases and the cause of more than 35% of deaths worldwide, of which liver, kidney, skin, heart and, recently, lungs are receiving the most attention. Tissue changes, resulting in loss of organ function, are both a cause and consequence of disease and outcome. Fibrosis is caused by an excess deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, which over time results in impaired organ function and organ failure, and the pathways leading to increased fibroblast activation are many. This narrative review investigated the common denominator of fibrosis, fibroblasts, and the activation of fibroblasts, in response to excess energy consumption in liver, kidney, heart, skin and lung fibrosis. Fibroblasts are the main drivers of organ function loss in lung, liver, skin, heart and kidney disease. Fibroblast activation in response to excess energy consumption results in the overproduction of a range of collagens, of which types I, III and VI seem to be the essential drivers of disease progression. Fibroblast activation may be quantified in serum, enabling profiling and selection of patients. Activation of fibroblasts results in the overproduction of collagens, which deteriorates organ function. Patient profiling of fibroblast activities in serum, quantified as collagen production, may identify an organ death trajectory, better enabling identification of the right treatment for use in different metabolic interventions. As metabolically activated patients have highly elevated risk of kidney, liver and heart failure, it is essential to identify which organ to treat first and monitor organ status to correct treatment regimes. In direct alignment with this, it is essential to identify the right patients with the right organ deterioration trajectory for enrolment in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jörn M Schattenberg
- Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
- University of the Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
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Cooper PO, Kleb SS, Noonepalle SK, Amuso VM, Varshney R, Rudolph MC, Dhaliwal TK, Nguyen DV, Mazumder MF, Babirye NS, Gupta R, Nguyen BN, Shook BA. G-protein-coupled receptor 84 regulates acute inflammation in normal and diabetic skin wounds. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114288. [PMID: 38814782 PMCID: PMC11247419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids have emerged as potent regulators of immune cell function. In the skin, adipocyte lipolysis increases the local pool of free fatty acids and is essential for coordinating early macrophage inflammation following injury. Here, we investigate G-protein-coupled receptor 84 (GPR84), a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) receptor, for its potential to propagate pro-inflammatory signaling after skin injury. GPR84 signaling was identified as a key component of regulating myeloid cell numbers and subsequent tissue repair through in vivo administration of a pharmacological antagonist and the MCFA decanoic acid. We found that impaired injury-induced dermal adipocyte lipolysis is a hallmark of diabetes, and lipidomic analysis demonstrated that MCFAs are significantly reduced in diabetic murine wounds. Furthermore, local administration of decanoic acid rescued myeloid cell numbers and tissue repair during diabetic wound healing. Thus, GPR84 is a readily targetable lipid signaling pathway for manipulating injury-induced tissue inflammation with beneficial effects on acute diabetic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula O Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Sarah S Kleb
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Satish K Noonepalle
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Veronica M Amuso
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Rohan Varshney
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Tanvir K Dhaliwal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Darlene V Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Miguel F Mazumder
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Najuma S Babirye
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Ruchi Gupta
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Bao-Ngoc Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Brett A Shook
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20037, USA.
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10
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Khan MM, Khan ZA, Khan MA. Metabolic complications of psychotropic medications in psychiatric disorders: Emerging role of de novo lipogenesis and therapeutic consideration. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:767-783. [PMID: 38984346 PMCID: PMC11230099 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i6.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Although significant advances have been made in understanding the patho-physiology of psychiatric disorders (PDs), therapeutic advances have not been very convincing. While psychotropic medications can reduce classical symptoms in patients with PDs, their long-term use has been reported to induce or exaggerate various pre-existing metabolic abnormalities including diabetes, obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mechanism(s) underlying these metabolic abnormalities is not clear; however, lipid/fatty acid accumulation due to enhanced de novo lipogenesis (DNL) has been shown to reduce membrane fluidity, increase oxidative stress and inflammation leading to the development of the aforementioned metabolic abnormalities. Intriguingly, emerging evidence suggest that DNL dysregulation and fatty acid accumulation could be the major mechanisms associated with the development of obesity, diabetes and NAFLD after long-term treatment with psychotropic medications in patients with PDs. In support of this, several adjunctive drugs comprising of anti-oxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, that are used in treating PDs in combination with psychotropic medications, have been shown to reduce insulin resistance and development of NAFLD. In conclusion, the above evidence suggests that DNL could be a potential pathological factor associated with various metabolic abnormalities, and a new avenue for translational research and therapeutic drug designing in PDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad M Khan
- Laboratory of Translational Neurology and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnology, Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, and Faculty of Science, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Zaw Ali Khan
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Era University, Lucknow 226003, India
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11
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Ojala R, Widjaja N, Hentilä J, Jalo A, Helin JS, Nissinen TA, Jalava N, Eskola O, Rajander J, Löyttyniemi E, Ivaska KK, Hannukainen JC. Evaluation of bone marrow glucose uptake and adiposity in male rats after diet and exercise interventions. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1422869. [PMID: 38948514 PMCID: PMC11211282 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1422869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Obesity impairs bone marrow (BM) glucose metabolism. Adult BM constitutes mostly of adipocytes that respond to changes in energy metabolism by modulating their morphology and number. Here we evaluated whether diet or exercise intervention could improve the high-fat diet (HFD) associated impairment in BM glucose uptake (BMGU) and whether this associates with the morphology of BM adipocytes (BMAds) in rats. Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum either HFD or chow diet for 24 weeks. Additionally after 12 weeks, HFD-fed rats switched either to chow diet, voluntary intermittent running exercise, or both for another 12 weeks. BMAd morphology was assessed by perilipin-1 immunofluorescence staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tibial sections. Insulin-stimulated sternal and humeral BMGU were measured using [18F]FDG-PET/CT. Tibial microarchitecture and mineral density were measured with microCT. Results HFD rats had significantly higher whole-body fat percentage compared to the chow group (17% vs 13%, respectively; p = 0.004) and larger median size of BMAds in the proximal tibia (815 µm2 vs 592 µm2, respectively; p = 0.03) but not in the distal tibia. Switch to chow diet combined with running exercise normalized whole-body fat percentage (p < 0.001) but not the BMAd size. At 32 weeks of age, there was no significant difference in insulin-stimulated BMGU between the study groups. However, BMGU was significantly higher in sternum compared to humerus (p < 0.001) and higher in 8-week-old compared to 32-week-old rats (p < 0.001). BMAd size in proximal tibia correlated positively with whole-body fat percentage (r = 0.48, p = 0.005) and negatively with humeral BMGU (r = -0.63, p = 0.02). HFD significantly reduced trabecular number (p < 0.001) compared to the chow group. Switch to chow diet reversed this as the trabecular number was significantly higher (p = 0.008) than in the HFD group. Conclusion In this study we showed that insulin-stimulated BMGU is age- and site-dependent. BMGU was not affected by the study interventions. HFD increased whole-body fat percentage and the size of BMAds in proximal tibia. Switching from HFD to a chow diet and running exercise improved glucose homeostasis and normalized the HFD-induced increase in body fat but not the hypertrophy of BMAds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronja Ojala
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Nicko Widjaja
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Anna Jalo
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Jatta S. Helin
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Tuuli A. Nissinen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Preclinical Imaging Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Niki Jalava
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Eskola
- Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Johan Rajander
- Turku PET Centre, Accelerator Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Biostatistics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kaisa K. Ivaska
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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12
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Peloquin M, Tovar A, Graves JL, Stefanovski D, Tucker K, Marietti E, Greenwood K, Halioua-Haubold CL, Juarez-Salinas D. Saturated fatty acid concentrations are predictive of insulin sensitivity and beta cell compensation in dogs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12639. [PMID: 38825593 PMCID: PMC11144705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic feeding of a high fat diet (HFD) in preclinical species induces broad metabolic dysfunction characterized by body weight gain, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia and impaired insulin sensitivity. The plasma lipidome is not well characterized in dogs with HFD-induced metabolic dysfunction. We therefore aimed to describe the alterations that occur in the plasma lipid composition of dogs that are fed a HFD and examine the association of these changes with the clinical signs of metabolic dysfunction. Dogs were fed a normal diet (ND) or HFD for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity (SI) and beta cell compensation (AIRG) were assessed through an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and serum biochemistry was analyzed before the introduction of HFD and again after 12 weeks of continued ND or HFD feeding. Plasma lipidomics were conducted prior to the introduction of HFD and again at week 8 in both ND and HFD-fed dogs. 12 weeks of HFD feeding resulted in impaired insulin sensitivity and increased beta cell compensation measured by SI (ND mean: 11.5 [mU/l]-1 min-1, HFD mean: 4.7 [mU/l]-1 min-1) and AIRG (ND mean: 167.0 [mU/l]min, HFD mean: 260.2 [mU/l]min), respectively, compared to dogs fed ND over the same duration. Chronic HFD feeding increased concentrations of plasma lipid species and deleterious fatty acids compared to dogs fed a ND. Saturated fatty acid (SFA) concentrations were significantly associated with fasting insulin (R2 = 0.29), SI (R2 = 0.49) and AIRG (R2 = 0.37) in all dogs after 12 weeks, irrespective of diet. Our results demonstrate that chronic HFD feeding leads to significant changes in plasma lipid composition and fatty acid concentrations associated with metabolic dysfunction. High SFA concentrations may be predictive of deteriorated insulin sensitivity in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Darko Stefanovski
- Department of Clinical Studies - NBC, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA, USA
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13
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Liu SH, Shangguan ZS, Maitiaximu P, Li ZP, Chen XX, Li CD. Estrogen restores disordered lipid metabolism in visceral fat of prediabetic mice. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:988-1000. [PMID: 38766434 PMCID: PMC11099359 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i5.988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral obesity is increasingly prevalent among adolescents and young adults and is commonly recognized as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Estrogen [17β-estradiol (E2)] is known to offer protection against obesity via diverse me-chanisms, while its specific effects on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) remain to be fully elucidated. AIM To investigate the impact of E2 on the gene expression profile within VAT of a mouse model of prediabetes. METHODS Metabolic parameters were collected, encompassing body weight, weights of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SAT), random blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and overall body composition. The gene expression profiles of VAT were quantified utilizing the Whole Mouse Genome Oligo Microarray and subsequently analyzed through Agilent Feature Extraction software. Functional and pathway analyses were conducted employing Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses, respectively. RESULTS Feeding a high-fat diet (HFD) moderately increased the weights of both VAT and SAT, but this increase was mitigated by the protective effect of endogenous E2. Conversely, ovariectomy (OVX) led to a significant increase in VAT weight and the VAT/SAT weight ratio, and this increase was also reversed with E2 treatment. Notably, OVX diminished the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism compared to HFD feeding alone, signaling a widespread reduction in lipid metabolic activity, which was completely counteracted by E2 administration. This study provides a comprehensive insight into E2's local and direct protective effects against visceral adiposity in VAT at the gene level. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that the HFD-induced over-nutritional challenge disrupted the gene expression profile of visceral fat, leading to a universally decreased lipid metabolic status in E2 deficient mice. E2 treatment effectively reversed this condition, shedding light on the mechanistic role and therapeutic potential of E2 in combating visceral obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Huan Liu
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhao-Shui Shangguan
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Paiziliya Maitiaximu
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Li
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xin-Xin Chen
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Can-Dong Li
- Research Base of Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
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14
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Rokka S, Sadeghinejad M, Hudgins EC, Johnson EJ, Nguyen T, Fancher IS. Visceral adipose of obese mice inhibits endothelial inwardly rectifying K + channels in a CD36-dependent fashion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C1543-C1555. [PMID: 38586877 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00073.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity imposes deficits on adipose tissue and vascular endothelium, yet the role that distinct adipose depots play in mediating endothelial dysfunction in local arteries remains unresolved. We recently showed that obesity impairs endothelial Kir2.1 channels, mediators of nitric oxide production, in arteries of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), while Kir2.1 function in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) endothelium remains intact. Therefore, we determined if VAT versus SAT from lean or diet-induced obese mice affected Kir2.1 channel function in vitro. We found that VAT from obese mice reduces Kir2.1 function without altering channel expression whereas AT from lean mice and SAT from obese mice had no effect on Kir2.1 function as compared to untreated control cells. As Kir2.1 is well known to be inhibited by fatty acid derivatives and obesity is strongly associated with elevated circulating fatty acids, we next tested the role of the fatty acid translocase CD36 in mediating VAT-induced Kir2.1 dysfunction. We found that the downregulation of CD36 restored Kir2.1 currents in endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice. In addition, endothelial cells exposed to VAT from obese mice exhibited a significant increase in CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake. The importance of CD36 in obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction of VAT arteries was further supported in ex vivo pressure myography studies where CD36 ablation rescued the endothelium-dependent response to flow via restoring Kir2.1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase function. These findings provide new insight into the role of VAT in mediating obesity-induced endothelial dysfunction and suggest a novel role for CD36 as a mediator of endothelial Kir2.1 impairment.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our findings suggest a role for visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in the dysfunction of endothelial Kir2.1 in obesity. We further reveal a role for CD36 as a major contributor to VAT-mediated Kir2.1 and endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that CD36 offers a potential target for preventing the early development of obesity-associated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Rokka
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Masoumeh Sadeghinejad
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Emma C Hudgins
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Erica J Johnson
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
| | - Ibra S Fancher
- Department of Kinesiology and Applied Physiology, College of Health SciencesUniversity of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, United States
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15
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Nguyen TT, Corvera S. Adipose tissue as a linchpin of organismal ageing. Nat Metab 2024; 6:793-807. [PMID: 38783156 PMCID: PMC11238912 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ageing is a conserved biological process, modulated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, that leads to changes in life expectancy. In humans, ageing is characterized by greatly increased prevalence of cardiometabolic disease, type 2 diabetes and disorders associated with impaired immune surveillance. Adipose tissue displays species-conserved, temporal changes with ageing, including redistribution from peripheral to central depots, loss of thermogenic capacity and expansion within the bone marrow. Adipose tissue is localized to discrete depots, and also diffusely distributed within multiple organs and tissues in direct proximity to specialized cells. Thus, through their potent endocrine properties, adipocytes are capable of modulating tissue and organ function throughout the body. In addition to adipocytes, multipotent progenitor/stem cells in adipose tissue play a crucial role in maintenance and repair of tissues throughout the lifetime. Adipose tissue may therefore be a central driver for organismal ageing and age-associated diseases. Here we review the features of adipose tissue during ageing, and discuss potential mechanisms by which these changes affect whole-body metabolism, immunity and longevity. We also explore the potential of adipose tissue-targeted therapies to ameliorate age-associated disease burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy T Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester, MA, USA
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Silvia Corvera
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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16
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Cremonini E, Da Silva LME, Lanzi CR, Marino M, Iglesias DE, Oteiza PI. Anthocyanins and their metabolites promote white adipose tissue beiging by regulating mitochondria thermogenesis and dynamics. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 222:116069. [PMID: 38387526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption and excess nutrient availability can cause alterations in mitochondrial function and dynamics. We previously showed that anthocyanins (AC) decreased HFD-induced body weight gain and fat deposition. This study investigated: i) the capacity of AC to mitigate HFD-induced alterations in mitochondrial dynamics, biogenesis, and thermogenesis in mouse subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT), and ii) the underlying mechanisms of action of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G), delphinidin-3-O-glucoside (D3G), and their gut metabolites on mitochondria function/dynamics in 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with palmitate. Mice were fed control or HFD diets, added or not with 40 mg AC/kg body weight (BW). Compared to control and AC-supplemented mice, HFD-fed mice had fewer sWAT mitochondria that presented alterations of their architecture. AC supplementation prevented HFD-induced decrease of proteins involved in mitochondria biogenesis (PPARγ, PRDM16 and PGC-1α), and thermogenesis (UCP-1), and decreased AMPK phosphorylation. AC supplementation also restored the alterations in sWAT mitochondrial dynamics (Drp-1, OPA1, MNF-2, and Fis-1) and mitophagy (BNIP3L/NIX) caused by HFD consumption. In mature 3T3-L1, C3G, D3G, and their metabolites protocatechuic acid (PCA), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (HB), and gallic acid (GA) differentially affected palmitate-mediated decreased cAMP, PKA, AMPK, and SIRT-1 signaling pathways. C3G, D3G, and metabolites also prevented palmitate-mediated decreased expression of PPARγ, PRDM16, PGC-1α, and UCP1. Results suggest that consumption of select AC, i.e. cyanidin and delphinidin, could promote sWAT mitochondriogenesis and improve mitochondria dynamics in the context of HFD/obesity-induced dysmetabolism in part by regulating PKA, AMPK, and SIRT-1 signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cremonini
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Leane M E Da Silva
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Mirko Marino
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Dario E Iglesias
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Patricia I Oteiza
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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17
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Hagberg CE, Spalding KL. White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:270-289. [PMID: 38086922 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health. In this Review we outline the diverse physiological functions and pathological roles of human white adipocytes, examining our current knowledge of why white adipocytes are vital for systemic metabolic control, yet poorly adapted to our current obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Adhikary P, Banerjee S, Dey BK, Gargari P, Chatterjee S, Chakraborty D, Chowdhury S. Association of adipocyte size and SREBP-1c in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-obese type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocrine 2024; 83:615-623. [PMID: 37733180 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03535-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-obese type 2 diabetes seems to be common in India; hence the current study tried to understand the pathogenesis of diabetes in this group focusing on the role of adipocytes especially abdominal fat compartment. Comparison was made between non-obese subjects with newly detected diabetes and those without diabetes, in relation to levels of adipogenic factor and adipokines in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes respectively. RESEARCH DESIGN METHODS Non-obese subjects (BMI-18-25 Kg/m2) were consecutively selected of whom 15 had newly-detected, treatment naïve type 2 diabetes (HbA1% ≥6.5) while 25 were control (HbA1c% ≤5.6). We examined the expression of adipocyte differentiation factor - SREBP-1c from preadipocytes and adipocyte specific adipokines- HMW isoform and total adiponectin, leptin, FABP-4, TNF-α and IL-6 from adipocytesisolated from abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues (VAT and SCAT) by RT-PCR and as well as from serum by ELISA. Size of cultured adipocytes was measured in a fully automated imaging system microscope. RESULT Both in SCAT and VAT, SREBP-1c and adiponectin had significantly lower expression along with increased mRNA level of inflammatory adipokinesdiabetes.Average adipocyte size and frequency of large(hypertrophied) adipocytes were comparatively higher in T2DM subjects and had significant negative correlation with SREBP-1c. HMW adiponectin level significantly reduced in the secretion from VAT and SCAT of T2DM subjects compared to control. CONCLUSION Reduced expression of SREBP-1c in preadipocytes may lead to increased number of hypertrophied adipocytes in T2DM. Therefore, these dysfunctional hypertrophied adipocytes could cause imbalanced expression of insulin resistant and insulin sensitive adipokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieu Adhikary
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Sudipta Banerjee
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Bishal Kumar Dey
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Piyas Gargari
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Shamita Chatterjee
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India
| | - Diya Chakraborty
- Department of Biochemistry, Ballygaunge Science College, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhankar Chowdhury
- Department of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education & Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, 244, A.J.C. Bose Road, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700020, India.
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Lopez-Yus M, Hörndler C, Borlan S, Bernal-Monterde V, Arbones-Mainar JM. Unraveling Adipose Tissue Dysfunction: Molecular Mechanisms, Novel Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets for Liver Fat Deposition. Cells 2024; 13:380. [PMID: 38474344 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT), once considered a mere fat storage organ, is now recognized as a dynamic and complex entity crucial for regulating human physiology, including metabolic processes, energy balance, and immune responses. It comprises mainly two types: white adipose tissue (WAT) for energy storage and brown adipose tissue (BAT) for thermogenesis, with beige adipocytes demonstrating the plasticity of these cells. WAT, beyond lipid storage, is involved in various metabolic activities, notably lipogenesis and lipolysis, critical for maintaining energy homeostasis. It also functions as an endocrine organ, secreting adipokines that influence metabolic, inflammatory, and immune processes. However, dysfunction in WAT, especially related to obesity, leads to metabolic disturbances, including the inability to properly store excess lipids, resulting in ectopic fat deposition in organs like the liver, contributing to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This narrative review delves into the multifaceted roles of WAT, its composition, metabolic functions, and the pathophysiology of WAT dysfunction. It also explores diagnostic approaches for adipose-related disorders, emphasizing the importance of accurately assessing AT distribution and understanding the complex relationships between fat compartments and metabolic health. Furthermore, it discusses various therapeutic strategies, including innovative therapeutics like adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-based treatments and gene therapy, highlighting the potential of precision medicine in targeting obesity and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Lopez-Yus
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carlos Hörndler
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Pathology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sofia Borlan
- General and Digestive Surgery Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose M Arbones-Mainar
- Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, University Hospital Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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20
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U-Din M, Ahmed BA, Syed SA, Ong FJ, Oreskovich SM, Gunn E, Surette MG, Punthakee Z, Steinberg GR, Morrison KM. Characteristics of Abdominal Visceral Adipose Tissue, Metabolic Health and the Gut Microbiome in Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:680-690. [PMID: 37837606 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Compared with the relatively benign effects of increased subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume is a causal risk factor for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In rodents, increased VAT volume and triglyceride density and ectopic lipid accumulation in kidneys and liver have been induced by alterations in the gut microbiome. However, few studies have characterized these relationships in humans. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the tissue triglyceride content of VAT and SAT, liver, kidneys, and pancreas in male and female adults and assess associations with markers of glucose tolerance, serum insulin, and lipids and characteristics of the gut microbiome. METHODS Cross-sectional observational study of healthy human adults (n = 60) at a clinical research center. Body mass index (BMI), body composition, and oral glucose tolerance were assessed. Microbiome analysis was conducted on stool samples using 16S rRNA v3 amplicon sequencing. The triglyceride content of VAT, SAT, liver, kidney and pancreas were determined by assessing proton density fat fraction (PDFF) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS Higher VAT PDFF and the ratio of VAT to SAT PDFF were related to higher BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. A higher VAT PDFF and VAT to SAT PDFF ratio were associated with lower alpha diversity and altered beta diversity of the gut microbiome. Differences in VAT were associated with higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes, lower relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes, and enrichment of the bacterial genera Dorea, Streptococcus, and Solobacterium. CONCLUSION VAT PDFF measured with MRI is related to impaired glucose homeostasis, dyslipidemia, and differences in the gut microbiome, independently of the total body fat percentage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mueez U-Din
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Turku PET Centre, Turku University Hospital, Turku 20520, Finland
| | - Basma A Ahmed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Saad A Syed
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Frank J Ong
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Stephan M Oreskovich
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Gunn
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michael G Surette
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Zubin Punthakee
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Gregory R Steinberg
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Katherine M Morrison
- Centre for Metabolism, Obesity and Diabetes Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada
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21
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Reed RM, Whyte MB, Goff LM. Cardiometabolic disease in Black African and Caribbean populations: an ethnic divergence in pathophysiology? Proc Nutr Soc 2023:1-11. [PMID: 38230432 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665123004895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In the UK, populations of Black African and Caribbean (BAC) ethnicity suffer higher rates of cardiometabolic disease than White Europeans (WE). Obesity, leading to increased visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and intrahepatic lipid (IHL), has long been associated with cardiometabolic risk, driving insulin resistance and defective fatty acid/lipoprotein metabolism. These defects are compounded by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, driven by dysfunctional adipose tissue. Emerging evidence has highlighted associations between central complement system components and adipose tissue, fatty acid metabolism and inflammation; it may therefore sit at the intersection of various cardiometabolic disease risk factors. However, increasing evidence suggests an ethnic divergence in pathophysiology, whereby current theories fail to explain the high rates of cardiometabolic disease in BAC populations. Lower fasting and postprandial TAG has been reported in BAC, alongside lower VAT and IHL deposition, which are paradoxical to the high rates of cardiometabolic disease exhibited by this ethnic group. Furthermore, BAC have been shown to exhibit a more anti-inflammatory profile, with lower TNF-α and greater IL-10. In contrast, recent evidence has revealed greater complement activation in BAC compared to WE, suggesting its dysregulation may play a greater role in the high rates of cardiometabolic disease experienced by this population. This review outlines the current theories of how obesity is proposed to drive cardiometabolic disease, before discussing evidence for ethnic differences in disease pathophysiology between BAC and WE populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben M Reed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Martin B Whyte
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7WG, UK
| | - Louise M Goff
- Leicester Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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22
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Kaczmarek I, Wower I, Ettig K, Kuhn CK, Kraft R, Landgraf K, Körner A, Schöneberg T, Horn S, Thor D. Identifying G protein-coupled receptors involved in adipose tissue function using the innovative RNA-seq database FATTLAS. iScience 2023; 26:107841. [PMID: 37766984 PMCID: PMC10520334 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) modulate the function of adipose tissue (AT) in general and of adipocytes, specifically. Although it is well-established that GPCRs are widely expressed in AT, their repertoire as well as their regulation and function in (patho)physiological conditions (e.g., obesity) is not fully resolved. Here, we established FATTLAS, an interactive public database, for improved access and analysis of RNA-seq data of mouse and human AT. After extracting the GPCRome of non-obese and obese individuals, highly expressed and differentially regulated GPCRs were identified. Exemplarily, we describe four receptors (GPR146, MRGPRF, FZD5, PTGER2) and analyzed their functions in a (pre)adipocyte cell model. Besides all receptors being involved in adipogenesis, MRGPRF is essential for adipocyte viability and regulates cAMP levels, while GPR146 modulates adipocyte lipolysis via constitutive activation of Gi proteins. Taken together, by implementing and using FATTLAS we describe four hitherto unrecognized GPCRs associated with AT function and adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabell Kaczmarek
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabel Wower
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Katja Ettig
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christina Katharina Kuhn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert Kraft
- Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Center for Pediatric Research Leipzig, Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Torsten Schöneberg
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- School of Medicine, University of Global Health Equity (UGHE), Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Susanne Horn
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site Essen/Düsseldorf, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Doreen Thor
- Rudolf Schönheimer Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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23
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Osorio-Conles Ó, Jiménez A, Ibarzabal A, Balibrea JM, de Hollanda A, Vidal J. Limited Bariatric Surgery-induced Weight Loss in Subjects With Type 2 Diabetes: Predictor Variables in Adipose Tissue. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e1205-e1213. [PMID: 37249080 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) at baseline on limited weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS) remains controversial, and the potential underlying mechanisms incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed at gaining further insight on this relationship and identifying novel associations between adipose tissue (AT) parameters and short-term WL outcomes in subjects with or without T2D undergoing BS. METHODS Mid-term WL trajectories after BS have been evaluated in a cohort of 1659 subjects (cohort 1) with (n = 543) and without T2D (n = 1116). Paired subcutaneous and visceral AT samples were obtained from a cohort of 48 pairs of subjects with and without T2D matched for age, sex, BMI, and type of BS (cohort 2). Differences in AT parameters between groups were evaluated and potential associations with WL response explored. RESULTS T2D was independently associated with a 5% lesser mid-term WL in cohort 1, while HbA1c, insulin treatment, and number of T2D medications prior to BS were only related to short-term WL outcomes. In cohort 2, a number of differentially expressed genes in AT were identified between groups, while fat cell size and fibrosis were comparable. Subcutaneous ATG7 expression was found as an independent predictor of limited WL 1 year after surgery (β: -12.21 ± 4.41, P = .008) and its addition to a clinical model significantly improved the amount of WL variability explained (R2 = 0.131 vs R2 = 0.248, F change P = .009). CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of T2D as determinant of limited WL following BS and suggest that dysregulated macroautophagy in subcutaneous AT may contribute to this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Óscar Osorio-Conles
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amanda Jiménez
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ainitze Ibarzabal
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José María Balibrea
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana de Hollanda
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Obesity Unit, Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Côrtes I, Alves G, Claudio-Da-Silva C, Baptista LS. Mimicking lipolytic, adipogenic, and secretory capacities of human subcutaneous adipose tissue by spheroids from distinct subpopulations of adipose stromal/stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1219218. [PMID: 37842092 PMCID: PMC10570415 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1219218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Adipose tissue engineering may provide 3D models for the understanding of diseases such as obesity and type II diabetes. Recently, distinct adipose stem/stromal cell (ASC) subpopulations were identified from subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT): superficial (sSAT), deep (dSAT), and the superficial retinacula cutis (sRC). This study aimed to test these subpopulations ASCs in 3D spheroid culture induced for adipogenesis under a pro-inflammatory stimulus with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: The samples of abdominal human subcutaneous adipose tissue were obtained during plastic aesthetic surgery (Protocol 145/09). Results: ASC spheroids showed high response to adipogenic induction in sSAT. All ASC spheroids increased their capacity to lipolysis under LPS. However, spheroids from dSAT were higher than from sSAT (p = 0.0045) and sRC (p = 0.0005). Newly formed spheroids and spheroids under LPS stimulus from sSAT showed the highest levels of fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-α (C/EBPα) mRNA expression compared with dSAT and sRC (p < 0.0001). ASC spheroids from sRC showed the highest synthesis of angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared with dSAT (p < 0.0228). Under LPS stimulus, ASC spheroids from sRC showed the highest synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 compared with dSAT (p < 0.0092). Conclusion: Distinct physiological properties of SAT can be recapitulated in ASC spheroids. In summary, the ASC spheroid from dSAT showed the greatest lipolytic capacity, from sSAT the greatest adipogenic induction, and sRC showed greater secretory capacity when compared to the dSAT. Together, all these capacities form a true mimicry of SAT and hold the potential to contribute for a deeper understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms in healthy and unhealthy adipose tissue scenarios or in response to pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Côrtes
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Alves
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Cesar Claudio-Da-Silva
- Plastic Surgery Service, Clementino Fraga Filho University Hospital, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leandra Santos Baptista
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Campus UFRJ Duque de Caxias Professor Geraldo Cidade, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Tissue Bioengineering, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Post-graduation Program in Biotechnology, National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (Inmetro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Chen VY, Siegfried LG, Tomic-Canic M, Stone RC, Pastar I. Cutaneous changes in diabetic patients: Primed for aberrant healing? Wound Repair Regen 2023; 31:700-712. [PMID: 37365017 PMCID: PMC10966665 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous manifestations affect most patients with diabetes mellitus, clinically presenting with numerous dermatologic diseases from xerosis to diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). Skin conditions not only impose a significantly impaired quality of life on individuals with diabetes but also predispose patients to further complications. Knowledge of cutaneous biology and the wound healing process under diabetic conditions is largely limited to animal models, and studies focusing on biology of the human condition of DFUs remain limited. In this review, we discuss the critical molecular, cellular, and structural changes to the skin in the hyperglycaemic and insulin-resistant environment of diabetes with a focus specifically on human-derived data. Elucidating the breadth of the cutaneous manifestations coupled with effective diabetes management is important for improving patient quality of life and averting future complications including wound healing disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Y Chen
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Lindsey G Siegfried
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Marjana Tomic-Canic
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Rivka C Stone
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Irena Pastar
- Wound Healing and Regenerative Medicine Research Program, Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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26
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Van der Stede T, Spaas J, de Jager S, De Brandt J, Hansen C, Stautemas J, Vercammen B, De Baere S, Croubels S, Van Assche CH, Pastor BC, Vandenbosch M, Van Thienen R, Verboven K, Hansen D, Bové T, Lapauw B, Van Praet C, Decaestecker K, Vanaudenaerde B, Eijnde BO, Gliemann L, Hellsten Y, Derave W. Extensive profiling of histidine-containing dipeptides reveals species- and tissue-specific distribution and metabolism in mice, rats, and humans. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14020. [PMID: 37485756 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM Histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are pleiotropic homeostatic molecules with potent antioxidative and carbonyl quenching properties linked to various inflammatory, metabolic, and neurological diseases, as well as exercise performance. However, the distribution and metabolism of HCDs across tissues and species are still unclear. METHODS Using a sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS approach and an optimized quantification method, we performed a systematic and extensive profiling of HCDs in the mouse, rat, and human body (in n = 26, n = 25, and n = 19 tissues, respectively). RESULTS Our data show that tissue HCD levels are uniquely produced by carnosine synthase (CARNS1), an enzyme that was preferentially expressed by fast-twitch skeletal muscle fibres and brain oligodendrocytes. Cardiac HCD levels are remarkably low compared to other excitable tissues. Carnosine is unstable in human plasma, but is preferentially transported within red blood cells in humans but not rodents. The low abundant carnosine analogue N-acetylcarnosine is the most stable plasma HCD, and is enriched in human skeletal muscles. Here, N-acetylcarnosine is continuously secreted into the circulation, which is further induced by acute exercise in a myokine-like fashion. CONCLUSION Collectively, we provide a novel basis to unravel tissue-specific, paracrine, and endocrine roles of HCDs in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaux Van der Stede
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Spaas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Sarah de Jager
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana De Brandt
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Camilla Hansen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jan Stautemas
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjarne Vercammen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Siska Croubels
- Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles-Henri Van Assche
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Berta Cillero Pastor
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vandenbosch
- The Maastricht MultiModal Molecular Imaging (M4I) institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ruud Van Thienen
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dominique Hansen
- BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital Hasselt, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Thierry Bové
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charles Van Praet
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karel Decaestecker
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vanaudenaerde
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bert O Eijnde
- University MS Center (UMSC) Hasselt, Pelt, Belgium
- SMRC Sports Medical Research Center, BIOMED Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
- Division of Sport Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Lasse Gliemann
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ylva Hellsten
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Wim Derave
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Musale V, Wasserman DH, Kang L. Extracellular matrix remodelling in obesity and metabolic disorders. LIFE METABOLISM 2023; 2:load021. [PMID: 37383542 PMCID: PMC10299575 DOI: 10.1093/lifemeta/load021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Obesity causes extracellular matrix (ECM) remodelling which can develop into serious pathology and fibrosis, having metabolic effects in insulin-sensitive tissues. The ECM components may be increased in response to overnutrition. This review will focus on specific obesity-associated molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms of ECM remodelling and the impact of specific interactions on tissue metabolism. In obesity, complex network of signalling molecules such as cytokines and growth factors have been implicated in fibrosis. Increased ECM deposition contributes to the pathogenesis of insulin resistance at least in part through activation of cell surface integrin receptors and CD44 signalling cascades. These cell surface receptors transmit signals to the cell adhesome which orchestrates an intracellular response that adapts to the extracellular environment. Matrix proteins, glycoproteins, and polysaccharides interact through ligand-specific cell surface receptors that interact with the cytosolic adhesion proteins to elicit specific actions. Cell adhesion proteins may have catalytic activity or serve as scaffolds. The vast number of cell surface receptors and the complexity of the cell adhesome have made study of their roles challenging in health and disease. Further complicating the role of ECM-cell receptor interactions is the variation between cell types. This review will focus on recent insights gained from studies of two highly conserved, ubiquitously axes and how they contribute to insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction in obesity. These are the collagen-integrin receptor-IPP (ILK-PINCH-Parvin) axis and the hyaluronan-CD44 interaction. We speculate that targeting ECM components or their receptor-mediated cell signalling may provide novel insights into the treatment of obesity-associated cardiometabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Musale
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
| | - David H. Wasserman
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Li Kang
- Division of Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland DD1 9SY, UK
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Keshavjee SH, Schwenger KJP, Yadav J, Pickel L, Ghorbani Y, Sung HK, Jung H, Lou W, Fischer SE, Jackson TD, Okrainec A, Allard JP. Adipose Tissue and Plasma Markers Associated with HbA1c Pre- and Post-bariatric Surgery: a Cross-sectional and Cohort Study. Obes Surg 2023; 33:2443-2451. [PMID: 37380880 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-023-06679-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obesity can be associated with chronic inflammation and dysregulated expression of inflammatory adipokines that contribute to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This may also affect the clinical response to bariatric surgery. Our objective was whether baseline visceral adipose tissue features and plasma adipokine are associated with HbA1c ≥0.06 at the time of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery and with persistently elevated HbA1c at 12 months post-RYGB. METHODS During the surgery, adipose biopsies and plasma were collected for adipokine/cytokine profile. Clinical and biochemical measurements were also collected at the time of RYGB and, in those with baseline elevated HbA1c, at 12 months post-RYGB. RESULTS In the cross-sectional study, 109 patients (82.6% female; age 49 years; BMI 46.98 kg/m2) participated. Of those with elevated HbA1c at baseline (n = 61), 47 patients had repeated measurements at 12 months post-RYGB (23% drop-out). Using a multivariate logistic regression model, older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 1.14; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06-1.22) and higher plasma resistin (aOR, 5.30; 95% CI, 1.25-22.44) were associated with higher odds of HbA1c ≥ 0.06, whereas higher plasma adiponectin (aOR, 0.993; 95% CI, 0.99-0.996) was associated with lower odds of HbA1c ≥0.06. In addition, baseline higher average adipose cell area (aOR, 1.0017; 95% CI, 1.0002-1.0032) and plasma resistin (aOR, 1.0004; 95% CI, 1.0000-1.0009) were associated with higher odds of having persistently elevated HbA1c at 12 months post-RYGB. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that baseline plasma adipokine dysregulation, specifically high resistin, and adipocyte hypertrophy may affect the clinical response to RYGB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara H Keshavjee
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, 1st Floor, Suite 408, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Katherine J P Schwenger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Jitender Yadav
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Sciences Building, Room 7207, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lauren Pickel
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Yasaman Ghorbani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, 686 Bay St, Toronto, ON, M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hyejung Jung
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, 155 College St, 6th Fl, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Wendy Lou
- Dalla Lana Public Health Department, University of Toronto, 155 College St, 6th Fl, Toronto, ON, M5T 3M7, Canada
| | - Sandra E Fischer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, 6th Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Timothy D Jackson
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, 1st Floor, Suite 408, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Allan Okrainec
- Division of General Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 190 Elizabeth Street, 1st Floor, Suite 408, Toronto, ON, M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - Johane P Allard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, 6 Queen's Park Crescent West, Third Floor, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H2, Canada.
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29
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Liu Q, Li C, Deng B, Gao P, Wang L, Li Y, Shiri M, Alkaifi F, Zhao J, Stephens JM, Simintiras CA, Francis J, Sun J, Fu X. Tcf21 marks visceral adipose mesenchymal progenitors and functions as a rate-limiting factor during visceral adipose tissue development. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112166. [PMID: 36857185 PMCID: PMC10208561 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Distinct locations of different white adipose depots suggest anatomy-specific developmental regulation, a relatively understudied concept. Here, we report a population of Tcf21 lineage cells (Tcf21 LCs) present exclusively in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) that dynamically contributes to VAT development and expansion. During development, the Tcf21 lineage gives rise to adipocytes. In adult mice, Tcf21 LCs transform into a fibrotic or quiescent state. Multiomics analyses show consistent gene expression and chromatin accessibility changes in Tcf21 LC, based on which we constructed a gene-regulatory network governing Tcf21 LC activities. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) identifies the heterogeneity of Tcf21 LCs. Loss of Tcf21 promotes the adipogenesis and developmental progress of Tcf21 LCs, leading to improved metabolic health in the context of diet-induced obesity. Mechanistic studies show that the inhibitory effect of Tcf21 on adipogenesis is at least partially mediated via Dlk1 expression accentuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianglin Liu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Buhao Deng
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Peidong Gao
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Leshan Wang
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Yuxia Li
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Mohammad Shiri
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Fozi Alkaifi
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Junxing Zhao
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Jacqueline M Stephens
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | | | - Joseph Francis
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Jiangwen Sun
- Department of Computer Science, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA.
| | - Xing Fu
- School of Animal Sciences, AgCenter, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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Omega-3-Supplemented Fat Diet Drives Immune Metabolic Response in Visceral Adipose Tissue by Modulating Gut Microbiota in a Mouse Model of Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061404. [PMID: 36986134 PMCID: PMC10054794 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic, relapsing, and multifactorial disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue (AT), and is associated with inflammation mainly in white adipose tissue (WAT) and an increase in pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and other immune cells. This milieu favors the secretion of cytokines and adipokines, contributing to AT dysfunction (ATD) and metabolic dysregulation. Numerous articles link specific changes in the gut microbiota (GM) to the development of obesity and its associated disorders, highlighting the role of diet, particularly fatty acid composition, in modulating the taxonomic profile. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of a medium-fat-content diet (11%) supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids (D2) on the development of obesity, and on the composition of the GM compared with a control diet with a low fat content (4%) (D1) over a 6-month period. The effect of omega-3 supplementation on metabolic parameters and the modulation of the immunological microenvironment in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) was also evaluated. Six-weeks-old mice were adapted for two weeks and then divided into two groups of eight mice each: a control group D1 and the experimental group D2. Their body weight was recorded at 0, 4, 12, and 24 weeks post-differential feeding and stool samples were simultaneously collected to determine the GM composition. Four mice per group were sacrificed on week 24 and their VAT was taken to determine the immune cells phenotypes (M1 or M2 macrophages) and inflammatory biomarkers. Blood samples were used to determine the glucose, total LDL and HDL cholesterol LDL, HDL and total cholesterol, triglycerides, liver enzymes, leptin, and adiponectin. Body weight measurement showed significant differences at 4 (D1 = 32.0 ± 2.0 g vs. D2 = 36.2 ± 4.5 g, p-value = 0.0339), 12 (D1 = 35.7 ± 4.1 g vs. D2 = 45.3 ± 4.9 g, p-value = 0.0009), and 24 weeks (D1 = 37.5 ± 4.7 g vs. D2 = 47.9 ± 4.7, p-value = 0.0009). The effects of diet on the GM composition changed over time: in the first 12 weeks, α and β diversity differed considerably according to diet and weight increase. In contrast, at 24 weeks, the composition, although still different between groups D1 and D2, showed changes compared with previous samples, suggesting the beneficial effects of omega-3 fatty acids in D2. With regard to metabolic analysis, the results did not reveal relevant changes in biomarkers in accordance with AT studies showing an anti-inflammatory environment and conserved structure and function, which is in contrast to reported findings for pathogenic obesity. In conclusion, the results suggest that the constant and sustained administration of omega-3 fatty acids induced specific changes in GM composition, mainly with increases in Lactobacillus and Ligilactobacillus species, which, in turn, modulated the immune metabolic response of AT in this mouse model of obesity.
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Chien HY, Chen SM, Li WC. Dopamine receptor agonists mechanism of actions on glucose lowering and their connections with prolactin actions. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2023; 4:935872. [PMID: 36993818 PMCID: PMC10012161 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2023.935872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Robust experiment evidence suggests that prolactin can enhance beta-cell proliferation and increase insulin secretion and sensitivity. Apart from acting as an endocrine hormone, it also function as an adipokine and act on adipocytes to modulate adipogenesis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Several cross-sectional epidemiologic studies consistently showed that circulating prolactin levels positive correlated with increased insulin sensitivity, lower glucose and lipid levels, and lower prevalence of T2D and metabolic syndrome. Bromocriptine, a dopamine receptor agonist used to treat prolactinoma, is approved by Food and Drug Administration for treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus since 2009. Prolactin lowering suppress insulin secretion and decrease insulin sensitivity, therefore dopamine receptor agonists which act at the pituitary to lower serum prolactin levels are expected to impair glucose tolerance. Making it more complicating, studies exploring the glucose-lowering mechanism of bromocriptine and cabergoline have resulted in contradictory results; while some demonstrated actions independently on prolactin status, others showed glucose lowering partly explained by prolactin level. Previous studies showed that a moderate increase in central intraventricular prolactin levels stimulates hypothalamic dopamine with a decreased serum prolactin level and improved glucose metabolism. Additionally, sharp wave-ripples from the hippocampus modulates peripheral glucose level within 10 minutes, providing evidence for a mechanistic link between hypothalamus and blood glucose control. Central insulin in the mesolimbic system have been shown to suppress dopamine levels thus comprising a feedback control loop. Central dopamine and prolactin levels plays a key role in the glucose homeostasis control, and their dysregulation could lead to the pathognomonic central insulin resistance depicted in the “ominous octet”. This review aims to provide an in-depth discussion on the glucose-lowering mechanism of dopamine receptor agonists and on the diverse prolactin and dopamine actions on metabolism targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yu Chien
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Su-Mei Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chun Li
- Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Wan-Chun Li,
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32
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Zhang Y, Balasooriya H, Sirisena S, Ng K. The effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in obesity management: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human clinical trials. Food Chem 2023; 404:134668. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Vreeken D, Seidel F, de La Roij G, Vening W, den Hengst WA, Verschuren L, Özsezen S, Kessels RPC, Duering M, Mutsaerts HJMM, Kleemann R, Wiesmann M, Hazebroek EJ, Kiliaan AJ. Impact of White Adipose Tissue on Brain Structure, Perfusion, and Cognitive Function in Patients With Severe Obesity: The BARICO Study. Neurology 2023; 100:e703-e718. [PMID: 36332987 PMCID: PMC9969926 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000201538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE While underlying pathophysiology linking obesity to brain health is not completely understood, white adipose tissue (WAT) is considered a key player. In obesity, WAT becomes dysregulated, showing hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and eventually inflammation. This disbalance leads to dysregulated secretion of adipokines influencing both (cardio)vascular and brain health. Within this study, we investigated the association between omental WAT (oWAT) and subcutaneous WAT (scWAT) with brain structure and perfusion and cognition in adults with severe obesity. METHODS Within the cross-sectional BARICO study, brain structure and perfusion and cognitive function were measured before bariatric surgery (BS) using MRI and cognitive assessments. During BS, oWAT and scWAT depots were collected and analyzed by histopathology. The number and diameter of adipocytes were quantified together with the amount of crown-like structures (CLS) as an indication of inflammation. Blood samples were collected to analyze adipokines and inflammatory markers. Neuroimaging outcomes included brain volumes, cortical thickness, white matter (WM) integrity, WM hyperintensities, cerebral blood flow using arterial spin labeling (ASL), and the ASL spatial coefficient of variation (sCoV), reflecting cerebrovascular health. RESULTS Seventy-one patients were included (mean age 45.1 ± 5.8 years; 83.1% women; mean body mass index 40.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2). scWAT showed more CLS (z = -2.72, p < 0.01, r = -0.24) and hypertrophy compared with oWAT (F(1,64) = 3.99, p < 0.05, η2 = 0.06). Adiponectin levels were inversely associated with the average diameter of scWAT (β = -0.31, 95% CI -0.54 to -0.08) and oWAT (β = -0.33, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.09). Furthermore, the adipocyte diameter in oWAT was positively associated with the sCoV in the parietal cortex (β = 0.33, 95% CI 0.10-0.60), and the number of adipocytes (per mm2) was positively associated with sCoV in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (β = 0.34, 95% CI 0.09-0.61). Cognitive function did not correlate with any WAT parameter or plasma marker. These associations were highly influenced by age and sex. sCoV in the NAcc was positively associated with fasting plasma glucose (β = 0.35, 95% CI 0.10-0.56). DISCUSSION scWAT and oWAT are different in morphology and in their relationship with plasma markers and cerebrovascular health. Although scWAT showed more CLS and hypertrophy, scWAT was not associated with brain readouts. This study showed, however, important relationships between oWAT morphology and cerebrovascular health in obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION Trial Registration Number NTR7288 (trialregister.nl/trial/7090).
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Affiliation(s)
- Debby Vreeken
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Florine Seidel
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Guido de La Roij
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter Vening
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A den Hengst
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Verschuren
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Serdar Özsezen
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Roy P C Kessels
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Duering
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J M M Mutsaerts
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Wiesmann
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Eric J Hazebroek
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda J Kiliaan
- From the Department of Medical Imaging (D.V., F.S., G.L.R., M.W., A.J.K.), Anatomy, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Bariatric Surgery (D.V., W.V., W.A.H., E.J.H.), Vitalys, Part of Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain (D.V., F.S., R.P.C.K., M.W., A.J.K.), Cognition, and Behavior and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Metabolic Health Research (F.S., R.K.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden; Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology (L.V., S.Ö.), Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist; Vincent van Gogh Institute for Psychiatry (R.P.C.K.), Venray, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Psychology and Radboudumc Alzheimer Center (R.P.C.K.), Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC) and Qbig (M.D.), and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (H.J.M.M.M.), Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Neuroscience, The Netherlands; and Division of Human Nutrition and Health (E.J.H.), Wageningen University, The Netherlands.
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Extracellular Vesicles as Carriers of Adipokines and Their Role in Obesity. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020422. [PMID: 36830957 PMCID: PMC9953604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have lately arisen as new metabolic players in energy homeostasis participating in intercellular communication at the local and distant levels. These nanosized lipid bilayer spheres, carrying bioactive molecular cargo, have somehow changed the paradigm of biomedical research not only as a non-classic cell secretion mechanism, but as a rich source of biomarkers and as useful drug-delivery vehicles. Although the research about the role of EVs on metabolism and its deregulation on obesity and associated pathologies lagged slightly behind other diseases, the knowledge about their function under normal and pathological homeostasis is rapidly increasing. In this review, we are focusing on the current research regarding adipose tissue shed extracellular vesicles including their characterization, size profile, and molecular cargo content comprising miRNAs and membrane and intra-vesicular proteins. Finally, we will focus on the functional aspects attributed to vesicles secreted not only by adipocytes, but also by other cells comprising adipose tissue, describing the evidence to date on the deleterious effects of extracellular vesicles released by obese adipose tissue both locally and at the distant level by interacting with other peripheral organs and even at the central level.
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Dance YW, Obenreder MC, Seibel AJ, Meshulam T, Ogony JW, Lahiri N, Pacheco-Spann L, Radisky DC, Layne MD, Farmer SR, Nelson CM, Tien J. Adipose Cells Induce Escape from an Engineered Human Breast Microtumor Independently of their Obesity Status. Cell Mol Bioeng 2023; 16:23-39. [PMID: 36660589 PMCID: PMC9842842 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-022-00750-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is associated with increased breast cancer incidence, recurrence, and mortality. Adipocytes and adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), two resident cell types in adipose tissue, accelerate the early stages of breast cancer progression. It remains unclear whether obesity plays a role in the subsequent escape of malignant breast cancer cells into the local circulation. Methods We engineered models of human breast tumors with adipose stroma that exhibited different obesity-specific alterations. We used these models to assess the invasion and escape of breast cancer cells into an empty, blind-ended cavity (as a mimic of a lymphatic vessel) for up to sixteen days. Results Lean and obese donor-derived adipose stroma hastened escape to similar extents. Moreover, a hypertrophic adipose stroma did not affect the rate of adipose-induced escape. When admixed directly into the model tumors, lean and obese donor-derived ASCs hastened escape similarly. Conclusions This study demonstrates that the presence of adipose cells, independently of the obesity status of the adipose tissue donor, hastens the escape of human breast cancer cells in multiple models of obesity-associated breast cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12195-022-00750-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph W. Dance
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Mackenzie C. Obenreder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Alex J. Seibel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Tova Meshulam
- Boston Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Joshua W. Ogony
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Nikhil Lahiri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Laura Pacheco-Spann
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Derek C. Radisky
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Matthew D. Layne
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Stephen R. Farmer
- Boston Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA USA
| | - Celeste M. Nelson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, 303 Hoyt Laboratory, 25 William Street, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ USA
| | - Joe Tien
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, 44 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
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36
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Wang CJ, Noble PB, Elliot JG, James AL, Wang KCW. From Beneath the Skin to the Airway Wall: Understanding the Pathological Role of Adipose Tissue in Comorbid Asthma-Obesity. Compr Physiol 2023; 13:4321-4353. [PMID: 36715283 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c220011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
This article provides a contemporary report on the role of adipose tissue in respiratory dysfunction. Adipose tissue is distributed throughout the body, accumulating beneath the skin (subcutaneous), around organs (visceral), and importantly in the context of respiratory disease, has recently been shown to accumulate within the airway wall: "airway-associated adipose tissue." Excessive adipose tissue deposition compromises respiratory function and increases the severity of diseases such as asthma. The mechanisms of respiratory impairment are inflammatory, structural, and mechanical in nature, vary depending on the anatomical site of deposition and adipose tissue subtype, and likely contribute to different phenotypes of comorbid asthma-obesity. An understanding of adipose tissue-driven pathophysiology provides an opportunity for diagnostic advancement and patient-specific treatment. As an exemplar, the potential impact of airway-associated adipose tissue is highlighted, and how this may change the management of a patient with asthma who is also obese. © 2023 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 13:4321-4353, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn J Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peter B Noble
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Elliot
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alan L James
- Department of Pulmonary Physiology and Sleep Medicine, West Australian Sleep Disorders Research Institute, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kimberley C W Wang
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
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37
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Montal E, Lumaquin D, Ma Y, Suresh S, White RM. Modeling the effects of genetic- and diet-induced obesity on melanoma progression in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:285858. [PMID: 36472402 PMCID: PMC9884122 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising concern and associated with an increase in numerous cancers, often in a sex-specific manner. Preclinical models are needed to deconvolute the intersection between obesity, sex and melanoma. Here, we generated a zebrafish system that can be used as a platform for studying these factors. We studied how germline overexpression of Agrp along with a high-fat diet affects melanomas dependent on BRAFV600E and loss of p53. This revealed an increase in tumor incidence and area in male, but not female, obese fish, consistent with the clinical literature. We then determined whether this was further affected by additional somatic mutations in the clinically relevant genes rb1 or ptena/b. We found that the male obesogenic effect on melanoma was present with tumors generated with BRAF;p53;Rb1 but not BRAF;p53;Pten. These data indicate that both germline (Agrp) and somatic (BRAF, Rb1) mutations contribute to obesity-related effects in melanoma. Given the rapid genetic tools available in the zebrafish, this provides a high-throughput system to dissect the interactions of genetics, diet, sex and host factors in obesity-related cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Montal
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dianne Lumaquin
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yilun Ma
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shruthy Suresh
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Richard M. White
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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FABP4 Controls Fat Mass Expandability (Adipocyte Size and Number) through Inhibition of CD36/SR-B2 Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021032. [PMID: 36674544 PMCID: PMC9867004 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue hypertrophy during obesity plays pleiotropic effects on health. Adipose tissue expandability depends on adipocyte size and number. In mature adipocytes, lipid accumulation as triglycerides into droplets is imbalanced by lipid uptake and lipolysis. In previous studies, we showed that adipogenesis induced by oleic acid is signed by size increase and reduction of FAT/CD36 (SR-B2) activity. The present study aims to decipher the mechanisms involved in fat mass regulation by fatty acid/FAT-CD36 signalling. Human adipose stem cells, 3T3-L1, and its 3T3-MBX subclone cell lines were used in 2D cell cultures or co-cultures to monitor in real-time experiments proliferation, differentiation, lipolysis, and/or lipid uptake and activation of FAT/CD36 signalling pathways regulated by oleic acid, during adipogenesis and/or regulation of adipocyte size. Both FABP4 uptake and its induction by fatty acid-mediated FAT/CD36-PPARG gene transcription induce accumulation of intracellular FABP4, which in turn reduces FAT/CD36, and consequently exerts a negative feedback loop on FAT/CD36 signalling in both adipocytes and their progenitors. Both adipocyte size and recruitment of new adipocytes are under the control of FABP4 stores. This study suggests that FABP4 controls fat mass homeostasis.
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Pietka TA, Abumrad NA. Determination of Adipocyte Size and Number. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2662:33-52. [PMID: 37076669 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3167-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction in adipocyte expansion during the onset of obesity is associated with metabolic abnormalities. Determination of adipocyte size and number is an important measure for a comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic status of adipose tissue. Here, we describe three methods for the determination of adipocyte size that can be applied to tissue samples obtained from humans and rodent models. While the first method presented is more robust, it does require the use of osmium, a toxic heavy metal, which requires special handling and disposal precautions in addition to specialized equipment. Two additional methods are described that can be of use to most researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri A Pietka
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Core, Washington University Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Nada A Abumrad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Core, Washington University Nutrition and Obesity Research Center, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Bensussen A, Torres-Magallanes JA, Roces de Álvarez-Buylla E. Molecular tracking of insulin resistance and inflammation development on visceral adipose tissue. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1014778. [PMID: 37026009 PMCID: PMC10070947 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1014778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is one of the most important sources of proinflammatory molecules in obese people and it conditions the appearance of insulin resistance and diabetes. Thus, understanding the synergies between adipocytes and VAT-resident immune cells is essential for the treatment of insulin resistance and diabetes. Methods We collected information available on databases and specialized literature to construct regulatory networks of VAT resident cells, such as adipocytes, CD4+ T lymphocytes and macrophages. These networks were used to build stochastic models based on Markov chains to visualize phenotypic changes on VAT resident cells under several physiological contexts, including obesity and diabetes mellitus. Results Stochastic models showed that in lean people, insulin produces inflammation in adipocytes as a homeostatic mechanism to downregulate glucose intake. However, when the VAT tolerance to inflammation is exceeded, adipocytes lose insulin sensitivity according to severity of the inflammatory condition. Molecularly, insulin resistance is initiated by inflammatory pathways and sustained by intracellular ceramide signaling. Furthermore, our data show that insulin resistance potentiates the effector response of immune cells, which suggests its role in the mechanism of nutrient redirection. Finally, our models show that insulin resistance cannot be inhibited by anti-inflammatory therapies alone. Conclusion Insulin resistance controls adipocyte glucose intake under homeostatic conditions. However, metabolic alterations such as obesity, enhances insulin resistance in adipocytes, redirecting nutrients to immune cells, permanently sustaining local inflammation in the VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Bensussen
- *Correspondence: Antonio Bensussen, ; Elena Roces de Álvarez-Buylla,
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41
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Calderón-DuPont D, Torre-Villalvazo I, Díaz-Villaseñor A. Is insulin resistance tissue-dependent and substrate-specific? The role of white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Biochimie 2023; 204:48-68. [PMID: 36099940 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) refers to a reduction in the ability of insulin to exert its metabolic effects in organs such as adipose tissue (AT) and skeletal muscle (SM), leading to chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and cardiovascular diseases. Obesity is the main cause of IR, however not all subjects with obesity develop clinical insulin resistance, and not all clinically insulin-resistant people have obesity. Recent evidence implies that IR onset is tissue-dependent (AT or SM) and/or substrate-specific (glucometabolic or lipometabolic). Therefore, the aims of the present review are 1) to describe the glucometabolic and lipometabolic activities of insulin in AT and SM in the maintenance of whole-body metabolic homeostasis, 2) to discuss the pathophysiology of substrate-specific IR in AT and SM, and 3) to highlight novel validated tests to assess tissue and substrate-specific IR that are easy to perform in clinical practice. In AT, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose availability for glycerol and fatty acid synthesis, thus decreasing the esterification and synthesis of signaling bioactive lipids. Lipometabolic IR in AT impairs the antilipolytic effect of insulin and lipogenesis, leading to an increase in circulating FFAs and generating lipotoxicity in peripheral tissues. In SM, glucometabolic IR reduces glucose uptake, whereas lipometabolic IR impairs mitochondrial lipid oxidation, increasing oxidative stress and inflammation, all of which lead to metabolic inflexibility. Understanding tissue-dependent and substrate-specific IR is of paramount importance for early detection before clinical manifestations and for the development of more specific treatments or direct interventions to prevent chronic life-threatening diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Calderón-DuPont
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional en Ciencias Médicas y Nutricíon Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, 14000, Mexico
| | - Andrea Díaz-Villaseñor
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, 04510, Mexico.
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Kutac P, Bunc V, Sigmund M, Buzga M, Krajcigr M. Changes in the body composition of boys aged 11-18 years due to COVID-19 measures in the Czech Republic. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2254. [PMID: 36463114 PMCID: PMC9719114 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14605-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lockdown measures related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID) impacted the health of adolescents by reducing physical activity (PA). The physical changes in response to decreases in PA can be measured with full body composition analysis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of long-term PA restrictions on body fat (BF), fat-free mass (FFM) and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) in adolescents. METHODS A total of 1669 boys (before PA restriction (G1): 998; after PA restrictions ended (G2): 671; between the ages of 11 and 18 were included. The measured parameters were body mass (BM), visceral fat area (VFA), BF, FFM and SMM. The whole-body composition was evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). RESULTS Compared to G1, G2 exhibited an increase in BF between 1.2 and 5.1%. This difference was significant in boys aged 13 to 18 years (p < 0.05). VFA increased between 5.3 and 20.5 cm2; this increase was significant in boys aged 13 to 18 years (p < 0.05). SMM decreased between 2.6 and 3.8%, and this decrease was significant in all age groups (p < 0.05). Changes in body composition were not accompanied by any significant changes in BM. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 restrictions reduced PA, resulting in a significant decrease in SMM. This decrease may impact boys' ability to engage in sufficiently varied PA, which may lead to a further decline in PA and subsequent medical consequences in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Kutac
- grid.412684.d0000 0001 2155 4545Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - V. Bunc
- grid.4491.80000 0004 1937 116XFaculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Praha 6, 162 52 Praha, Czech Republic
| | - M. Sigmund
- grid.10979.360000 0001 1245 3953Application Centre BALUO, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M. Buzga
- grid.412684.d0000 0001 2155 4545Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - M. Krajcigr
- grid.412684.d0000 0001 2155 4545Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Ostrava, 701 03 Ostrava, Czech Republic
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43
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Baganha F, Schipper R, Hagberg CE. Towards better models for studying human adipocytes in vitro. Adipocyte 2022; 11:413-419. [PMID: 35894386 PMCID: PMC9331194 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2022.2104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
With obesity and its comorbidities continuing to rise, we urgently need to improve our understanding of what mechanisms trigger the white adipose tissue to become dysfunctional in response to over-feeding. The recent invent of 3D culturing models has produced several noteworthy protocols for differentiating unilocular adipocytes in vitro, promising to revolutionize the obesity research field by providing more representative adipose tissue models for such mechanistic studies. In parallel, these 3D models provide important insights to how profoundly the microenvironment influences adipocyte differentiation and morphology. This commentary highlights some of the most recent 3D models, including human unilocular vascularized adipocyte spheroids (HUVASs), developed by our lab. We discuss recent developments in the field, provide further insights to the importance of the microvasculature for adipocyte maturation, and summarize what challenges remain to be solved before we can achieve a culture model that fully recapitulates all aspects of human white adipocyte biology in vitro. Taken together, the commentary highlights important recent advances regarding 3D adipocyte culturing and underlines the many advantages these models provide over traditional 2D cultures, with the aim of convincing more laboratories to switch to 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Baganha
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ruby Schipper
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Wan Q, Huang B, Li T, Xiao Y, He Y, Du W, Wang BZ, Dakin GF, Rosenbaum M, Goncalves MD, Chen S, Leong KW, Qiang L. Selective targeting of visceral adiposity by polycation nanomedicine. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 17:1311-1321. [PMID: 36456644 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-022-01249-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic health problem with poor solutions, especially for targeted treatment. Here we develop a polycation-based nanomedicine polyamidoamine generation 3 (P-G3) that-when delivered intraperitoneally-selectively targets visceral fat due to its high charge density. Moreover, P-G3 treatment of obese mice inhibits visceral adiposity, increases energy expenditure, prevents obesity and alleviates the associated metabolic dysfunctions. In vitro adipogenesis models and single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that P-G3 uncouples adipocyte lipid synthesis and storage from adipocyte development to create adipocytes that possess normal functions but are deficient in hypertrophic growth, at least through synergistically modulating nutrient-sensing signalling pathways. The visceral fat distribution of P-G3 is enhanced by modifying P-G3 with cholesterol to form lipophilic nanoparticles, which is effective in treating obesity. Our study highlights a strategy to target visceral adiposity and suggests that cationic nanomaterials could be exploited for treating metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfen Wan
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Baoding Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tianyu Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying He
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wen Du
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Branden Z Wang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gregory F Dakin
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Li Qiang
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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45
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Subcutaneous Stromal Cells and Visceral Adipocyte Size Are Determinants of Metabolic Flexibility in Obesity and in Response to Weight Loss Surgery. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223540. [PMID: 36428969 PMCID: PMC9688588 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) expansion either through hypertrophy or hyperplasia is determinant in the link between obesity and metabolic alteration. The present study aims to profile the unhealthy subcutaneous and visceral AT (SAT, VAT) expansion in obesity and in the outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS). The repartition of adipocytes according to diameter and the numbers of progenitor subtypes and immune cells of SAT and VAT from 161 obese patients were determined by cell imaging and flow cytometry, respectively. Associations with insulin resistance (IR) prior to BS as well as with the loss of excessive weight (EWL) and IR at 1 and 3 years post-BS were studied; prior to BS, SAT and VAT, unhealthy expansions are characterized by the accumulation of adipogenic progenitors and CD4+ T lymphocytes and by adipocyte hypertrophy and elevated macrophage numbers, respectively. Such SAT stromal profile and VAT adipocyte hypertrophy are associated with adverse BS outcomes. Finally, myofibrogenic progenitors are a common determinant of weight and IR trajectories post-BS; the study suggests that adipogenesis in SAT and adipocyte hypertrophy in VAT are common determinants of metabolic alterations with obesity and of the weight loss and metabolic response to bariatric surgery. The data open up new avenues to better understand and predict individual outcomes in response to changes in energy balance.
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46
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De Hert E, Verboven K, Wouters K, Jocken JWE, De Meester I. Prolyl Carboxypeptidase Activity Is Present in Human Adipose Tissue and Is Elevated in Serum of Obese Men with Type 2 Diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13529. [PMID: 36362314 PMCID: PMC9655216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP) is involved in metabolic disorders by hydrolyzing anorexigenic peptides. A link between serum PRCP activity and obesity has been reported, but its origin/source is still unclear. Previously proven correlations between human serum PRCP activity and the amount of adipose tissue may suggest that adipose tissue is an important source of circulating PRCP. We investigated PRCP activity in visceral, subcutaneous adipose tissue (VAT and SCAT), skeletal muscle tissue and serum of lean and obese men with or without type 2 diabetes (T2D). Correlations between PRCP activity, metabolic and biochemical parameters and immune cell populations were assessed. PRCP activity was the highest in VAT, compared to SCAT, and was very low in skeletal muscle tissue in the overall group. Serum PRCP activity was significantly higher in T2-diabetic obese men, compared to lean and obese non-diabetic men, and was positively correlated with glycemic control. A positive correlation was observed between serum PRCP activity and VAT immune cell populations, which might indicate that circulating PRCP activity is deriving rather from the immune fraction than from adipocytes. In conclusion, PRCP activity was observed in human adipose tissue for the first time and serum PRCP activity is correlated with T2D in obese men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie De Hert
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kenneth Verboven
- REVAL—Rehabilitation Research Center, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
- BIOMED—Biomedical Research Center, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Kristiaan Wouters
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johan W. E. Jocken
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid De Meester
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
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Szalanczy AM, Goff E, Seshie O, Deal A, Grzybowski M, Klotz J, Chuang Key CC, Geurts AM, Solberg Woods LC. Keratinocyte-associated protein 3 plays a role in body weight and adiposity with differential effects in males and females. Front Genet 2022; 13:942574. [PMID: 36212147 PMCID: PMC9535360 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.942574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the obesity crisis in the United States, the underlying genetics are poorly understood. Our lab previously identified Keratinocyte-associated protein 3, Krtcap3, as a candidate gene for adiposity through a genome-wide association study in outbred rats, where increased liver expression of Krtcap3 correlated with decreased fat mass. Here we seek to confirm that Krtcap3 expression affects adiposity traits. To do so, we developed an in vivo whole-body Krtcap3 knock-out (KO) rat model. Wild-type (WT) and KO rats were placed onto a high-fat (HFD) or low-fat diet (LFD) at 6 weeks of age and were maintained on diet for 13 weeks, followed by assessments of metabolic health. We hypothesized that Krtcap3-KO rats will have increased adiposity and a worsened metabolic phenotype relative to WT. We found that KO male and female rats have significantly increased body weight versus WT, with the largest effect in females on a HFD. KO females also ate more and had greater adiposity, but were more insulin sensitive than WT regardless of diet condition. Although KO males weighed more than WT under both diet conditions, there were no differences in eating behavior or fat mass. Interestingly, KO males on a HFD were more insulin resistant than WT. This study confirms that Krtcap3 plays a role in body weight regulation and demonstrates genotype- and sex-specific effects on food intake, adiposity, and insulin sensitivity. Future studies will seek to better understand these sex differences, the role of diet, and establish a mechanism for Krtcap3 in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria M. Szalanczy
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Emily Goff
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Osborne Seshie
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Aaron Deal
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Michael Grzybowski
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Jason Klotz
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang Key
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
| | - Aron M. Geurts
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Leah C. Solberg Woods
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC, United States
- *Correspondence: Leah C. Solberg Woods,
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48
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Börgeson E, Boucher J, Hagberg CE. Of mice and men: Pinpointing species differences in adipose tissue biology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1003118. [PMID: 36187476 PMCID: PMC9521710 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1003118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases continues to rise, which has led to an increased interest in studying adipose tissue to elucidate underlying disease mechanisms. The use of genetic mouse models has been critical for understanding the role of specific genes for adipose tissue function and the tissue’s impact on other organs. However, mouse adipose tissue displays key differences to human fat, which has led, in some cases, to the emergence of some confounding concepts in the adipose field. Such differences include the depot-specific characteristics of visceral and subcutaneous fat, and divergences in thermogenic fat phenotype between the species. Adipose tissue characteristics may therefore not always be directly compared between species, which is important to consider when setting up new studies or interpreting results. This mini review outlines our current knowledge about the cell biological differences between human and mouse adipocytes and fat depots, highlighting some examples where inadequate knowledge of species-specific differences can lead to confounding results, and presenting plausible anatomic explanations that may underlie the differences. The article thus provides critical insights and guidance for researchers working primarily with only human or mouse fat tissue, and may contribute to new ideas or concepts in the important and evolving field of adipose biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Region Vaestra Goetaland, Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jeremie Boucher
- The Lundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Metabolic Disease, Evotec International GmbH, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carolina E. Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Carolina E. Hagberg,
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49
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Das R, Giri J, K Paul P, Froelich N, Chinnadurai R, McCoy S, Bushman W, Galipeau J. A STAT5-Smad3 dyad regulates adipogenic plasticity of visceral adipose mesenchymal stromal cells during chronic inflammation. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:41. [PMID: 36045134 PMCID: PMC9433418 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00244-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipogenic differentiation of visceral adipose tissue-resident multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (VA-MSC) into adipocytes is metabolically protective. Under chronic inflammatory stress, this neoadipogenesis process is suppressed by various pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) regulating VA-MSC plasticity remains largely unexplored. Using an adipogenic differentiation screen, we identified IFNγ and TGFβ as key inhibitors of primary human VA-MSC differentiation. Further studies using human and mouse VA-MSCs and a chronic high-fat diet-fed murine model revealed that IFNγ/JAK2-activated STAT5 transcription factor is a central regulator of VA-MSC differentiation under chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, our results indicate that under such conditions, IFNγ-activated STAT5 and TGFβ-activated Smad3 physically interact via Smad4. This STAT5-Smad4-Smad3 complex plays a crucial role in preventing the early adipogenic commitment of VA-MSCs by suppressing key pro-adipogenic transcription factors, including CEBPδ, CEBPα, and PPARγ. Genetic or pharmacological disruption of IFNγ-TGFβ synergy by inhibiting either STAT5 or Smad3 rescued adipogenesis under chronic inflammatory stress. Overall, our study delineates a central mechanism of MSC plasticity regulation by the convergence of multiple inflammatory signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Das
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jayeeta Giri
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Pradyut K Paul
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Nicole Froelich
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- School of Medicine, Mercer University, Savannah, GA, 31404, USA
| | - Sara McCoy
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Jacques Galipeau
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Metabolic disorders related to obesity are largely dependent on adipose tissue hypertrophy, which involves adipocyte hypertrophy and increased adipogenesis. Adiposize is regulated by lipid accumulation as a result of increased lipogenesis (mainly lipid uptake in mature adipocytes) and reduced lipolysis. Using realtime 2D cell culture analyses of lipid uptake, we show (1) that high glucose concentration (4.5 g/L) was required to accumulate oleic acid increasing lipid droplet size until unilocularization similar to mature adipocytes in few days, (2) oleic acid reduced Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARG) gene transcription and (3) insulin counteracted oleic acid-induced increase of lipid droplet size. Although the lipolytic activity observed in high versus low glucose (1 g/L) conditions was not altered, insulin was found to inhibit oleic acid induced gene transcription required for lipid storage such as Cell Death Inducing DFFA Like Effectors (CIDEC) and G0S2 (G0 switch gene S2), possibly through PPARA activity. Although this signalling pathway requires more detailed investigation, the results point out the differential mechanisms involved in the pro-adipogenic effect of insulin in absence versus its protective effect on adiposity in presence of oleic acid uptake. Abbreviations: AICAR, 5-Aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-D-ribofuranoside; AMPK, AMP-Activated protein kinase, ASCs, adipose stem cell; ATGL, adipose triglyceride lipase; BSA, Bovine serum albumin; CEBPA, CCAAT enhancer binding protein alpha; CIDEs, Cell Death Inducing DFFA Like Effectors; dA, differentiated adipocyte; DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium; FABPs, Fatty Acid Binding Proteins; FAT/CD36, Fatty acid translocase; FCS, Foetal calf serum; FN1, fibronectin 1; FFA, free fatty acid; G0S2, G0 switch gene S2; GLUTs, Glucose transporters; GPR120, G protein-coupled receptor 120; HG, high glucose; HSL, hormone sensitive lipase; INSR, insulin receptor; LG, low glucose; OA, oleic acid; PBS, Phosphate buffer saline; PPARs, Peroxisome-Proliferator Activated Receptors; PKA, Protein kinase cyclic AMP-dependent; PKG, Protein kinase cyclic GMP dependent; PTGS2, cytochrome oxidase 2; RTCA, realtime cell analysis; TG, triglyceride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Berger
- University of Lyon, UMR Ecologie Microbienne Lyon (LEM), Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" (BPOE), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne ou 69363 Lyon, France
| | - Alain Géloën
- University of Lyon, UMR Ecologie Microbienne Lyon (LEM), Research Team "Bacterial Opportunistic Pathogens and Environment" (BPOE), CNRS 5557, INRAE 1418, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, VetAgro Sup, 69622 Villeurbanne ou 69363 Lyon, France
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