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Fleury AG, O’Hara CC, Butt N, Restrepo J, Halpern BS, Klein CJ, Kuempel CD, Gaynor KM, Bentley LK, Richardson AJ, Dunn DC. Spatial and life history variation in a trait-based species vulnerability and impact model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0305950. [PMID: 38905300 PMCID: PMC11192397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0305950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic pressures threaten biodiversity, necessitating conservation actions founded on robust ecological models. However, prevailing models inadequately capture the spatiotemporal variation in environmental pressures faced by species with high mobility or complex life histories, as data are often aggregated across species' life histories or spatial distributions. We highlight the limitations of static models for dynamic species and incorporate life history variation and spatial distributions for species and stressors into a trait-based vulnerability and impact model. We use green sea turtles in the Greater Caribbean Region to demonstrate how vulnerability and anthropogenic impact for a dynamic species change across four life stages. By incorporating life stages into a trait-based vulnerability model, we observed life stage-specific vulnerabilities that were otherwise unnoticed when using an aggregated trait value set. Early life stages were more vulnerable to some stressors, such as inorganic pollution or marine heat waves, and less vulnerable to others, such as bycatch. Incorporating spatial distributions of stressors and life stages revealed impacts differ for each life stage across spatial areas, emphasizing the importance of stage-specific conservation measures. Our approach showcases the importance of incorporating dynamic processes into ecological models and will enable better and more targeted conservation actions for species with complex life histories and high mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon G. Fleury
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Casey C. O’Hara
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Butt
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaime Restrepo
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin S. Halpern
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California–Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, United States of America
| | - Carissa J. Klein
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Caitlin D. Kuempel
- Australian Rivers Institute, Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lily K. Bentley
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- CSIRO Environment, Queensland Biosciences Precinct, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel C. Dunn
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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2
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Perry D, Tamarit E, Sundell E, Axelsson M, Bergman S, Gräns A, Gullström M, Sturve J, Wennhage H. Physiological responses of Atlantic cod to climate change indicate that coastal ecotypes may be better adapted to tolerate ocean stressors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12896. [PMID: 38839894 PMCID: PMC11153577 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Healthy ecosystems and species have some degree of resilience to changing conditions, however as the frequency and severity of environmental changes increase, resilience may be diminished or lost. In Sweden, one example of a species with reduced resilience is the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). This species has been subjected to overfishing, and with additional pressures such as habitat degradation and changing environmental conditions there has been little to no recovery, despite more than a decade of management actions. Given the historical ecological, economical, and cultural significance of cod, it is important to understand how Atlantic cod respond to global climate change to recover and sustainably manage this species in the future. A multi-stressor experiment was conducted to evaluate physiological responses of juvenile cod exposed to warming, ocean acidification, and freshening, changes expected to occur in their nursery habitat. The response to single drivers showed variable effects related to fish biometrics and increased levels of oxidative stress dependent parameters. Importantly, two separate responses were seen within a single treatment for the multi-stressor and freshening groups. These within-treatment differences were correlated to genotype, with the offshore ecotype having a heightened stress response compared to the coastal ecotype, which may be better adapted to tolerate future changes. These results demonstrate that, while Atlantic cod have some tolerance for future changes, ecotypes respond differently, and cumulative effects of multiple stressors may lead to deleterious effects for this important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Perry
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lysekil, Sweden.
| | - Elena Tamarit
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erika Sundell
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Axelsson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sanne Bergman
- The Arctic University Museum of Norway, UiT - the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Albin Gräns
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gullström
- School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Joachim Sturve
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Håkan Wennhage
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Institute of Marine Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lysekil, Sweden
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3
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Marraffini ML, Hamilton SL, Marin Jarrin JR, Ladd M, Koval G, Madden JR, Mangino I, Parker LM, Emery KA, Terhaar K, Hubbard DM, Miller RJ, Dugan JE. Evaluating the influence of marine protected areas on surf zone fish. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024:e14296. [PMID: 38770838 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) globally serve conservation and fisheries management goals, generating positive effects in some marine ecosystems. Surf zones and sandy beaches, critical ecotones bridging land and sea, play a pivotal role in the life cycles of numerous fish species and serve as prime areas for subsistence and recreational fishing. Despite their significance, these areas remain understudied when evaluating the effects of MPAs. We compared surf zone fish assemblages inside and outside MPAs across 3 bioregions in California (USA). Using seines and baited remote underwater videos (BRUVs), we found differences in surf zone fish inside and outside MPAs in one region. Inside south region MPAs, we observed higher abundance (Tukey's honest significant difference [HSD] = 0.83, p = 0.0001) and richness (HSD = 0.22, p = 0.0001) in BRUVs and greater biomass (HSD = 0.32, p = 0.0002) in seine surveys compared with reference sites. Selected live-bearing, fished taxa were positively affected by MPAs. Elasmobranchs displayed greater abundance in BRUV surveys and higher biomass in seine surveys inside south region MPAs (HSD = 0.35, p = 0.0003 and HSD = 0.23, p = 0.008, respectively). Although we observed no overall MPA signal for Embiotocidae, abundances of juvenile and large adult barred surfperch (Amphistichus argenteus), the most abundant fished species, were higher inside MPAs (K-S test D = 0.19, p < 0.0001). Influence of habitat characteristics on MPA performance indicated surf zone width was positively associated with fish abundance and biomass but negatively associated with richness. The south region had the largest positive effect size on all MPA performance metrics. Our findings underscored the variability in species richness and composition across regions and survey methods that significantly affected differences observed inside and outside MPAs. A comprehensive assessment of MPA performance should consider specific taxa, their distribution, and the effects of habitat factors and geography.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Marraffini
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - S L Hamilton
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - J R Marin Jarrin
- Department of Fisheries Biology, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA
| | - M Ladd
- Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA-National Marine Fisheries Service, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - G Koval
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - J R Madden
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - I Mangino
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - L M Parker
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, San Jose State University, Moss Landing, California, USA
| | - K A Emery
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
- Department of Geography, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - K Terhaar
- Department of Fisheries Biology, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, USA
| | - D M Hubbard
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - R J Miller
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - J E Dugan
- Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
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4
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Henderson CJ, Gilby BL, Turschwell MP, Goodridge Gaines LA, Mosman JD, Schlacher TA, Borland HP, Olds AD. Long term declines in the functional diversity of sharks in the coastal oceans of eastern Australia. Commun Biol 2024; 7:611. [PMID: 38773323 PMCID: PMC11109089 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Human impacts lead to widespread changes in the abundance, diversity and traits of shark assemblages, altering the functioning of coastal ecosystems. The functional consequences of shark declines are often poorly understood due to the absence of empirical data describing long-term change. We use data from the Queensland Shark Control Program in eastern Australia, which has deployed mesh nets and baited hooks across 80 beaches using standardised methodologies since 1962. We illustrate consistent declines in shark functional richness quantified using both ecological (e.g., feeding, habitat and movement) and morphological (e.g., size, morphology) traits, and this corresponds with declining ecological functioning. We demonstrate a community shift from targeted apex sharks to a greater functional richness of non-target species. Declines in apex shark functional richness and corresponding changes in non-target species may lead to an anthropogenically induced trophic cascade. We suggest that repairing diminished shark populations is crucial for the stability of coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Henderson
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia.
| | - Ben L Gilby
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Mischa P Turschwell
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Lucy A Goodridge Gaines
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Jesse D Mosman
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Thomas A Schlacher
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Hayden P Borland
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Andrew D Olds
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia
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5
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Malik S, Muzaffar SB. Determination of potentially toxic elements bioaccumulated in the commercially important pelagic fish narrow-barred Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 201:116281. [PMID: 38520998 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities have increased the discharge of marine contaminants threatening marine life. Small gulfs, such as the Arabian Gulf, are vulnerable to accumulating potentially toxic elements in marine species due to slow water exchange. The concentration of 21 elements was determined in the tissues of Scomberomorus commerson from Umm Al Quwain (United Arab Emirates) and Bandar Abbas (Iran). Chromium, Copper, and Iron exceeded internationally established maximum permissible limits. Sites could not be distinguished based on Principle Component Analyses of elements. Elevated Cu and Cr in muscle are of concern to marine species as well as humans. Metal Pollution Index showed a significant difference between sites, with 20.34 % and 100 % of individuals suffering high metal toxicity and poor body conditions, respectively. The Arabian Gulf is experiencing an increase in discharge of industrial wastes. Implementation of strict policies to reduce discharge of toxic substances is required to protect marine organisms and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaima Malik
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sabir Bin Muzaffar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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6
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Kraan C, Haslob H, Probst WN, Stelzenmüller V, Rehren J, Neumann H. Thresholds of seascape fauna composition along gradients of human pressures and natural conditions to inform marine spatial planning. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169940. [PMID: 38199351 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge about the cumulative impacts of anthropogenic activities and environmental conditions on marine ecosystems is incomplete and details are lacking. Compositional community changes can occur along gradients, and community data can be used to assess the state of community resilience against combined impacts of variables representing human pressures and environmental conditions. Here we use a machine learning approach, i.e., Gradient Forest, to identify explanatory variable thresholds and select relevant epibenthic fauna and demersal fish species, which can be used to inform an integrated management of multiple human pressures and conservation planning in the southern North Sea. We show that a broad selection of anthropogenic and environmental variables, such as natural disturbance of the seafloor and euphotic depth, determined community composition thresholds of 67 epibenthic fauna and 39 demersal fish species along environmental conditions and human pressure gradients in the southern North Sea between 2010 and 2020. This has the potential to inform resilience assessments under the Marine Strategy Framework Directive to promote and retain a good environmental status of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Kraan
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Holger Haslob
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Wolfgang N Probst
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Rehren
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Hermann Neumann
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572 Bremerhaven, Germany
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7
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Fong CR, Smith N, Catalan E, Caraveo BA, Barber PH, Fong P. Herbivorous sea urchins (Echinometra mathaei) support resilience on overfished and sedimented tropical reefs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3829. [PMID: 38360981 PMCID: PMC10869737 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Human impacts are dramatically changing ecological communities, motivating research on resilience. Tropical reefs are increasingly undergoing transitions to short algal turf, a successional community that mediates either recovery to coral by allowing recruitment or transitions to longer turf/macroalgae. Intense herbivory limits turf height; subsequently, overfishing erodes resilience of the desirable coral-dominated reef state. Increased sedimentation also erodes resilience through smothering and herbivory suppression. In spite of this critical role, most herbivory studies on tropical reefs focus on fishes, and the contribution of urchins remains under-studied. To test how different herbivory and sedimentation scenarios impact turf resilience, we experimentally simulated, in situ, four future overfishing scenarios derived from patterns of fish and urchin loss in other reef systems and two future sedimentation regimes. We found urchins were critical to short turf resilience, maintaining this state even with reduced fish herbivory and increased sediment. Further, urchins cleared sediment, facilitating fish herbivory. This study articulates the likelihood of increased reliance on urchins on impacted reefs in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Elijah Catalan
- Howard University, Washington DC, USA
- UCLA, Los Angeles, USA
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8
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Li Y, Zhang X, Tong R, Xu Q, Zhang N, Liao Q, Pan L. Mechanisms of ammonotelism, epithelium damage, cellular apoptosis, and proliferation in gill of Litopenaeus vannamei under NH 4Cl exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:15153-15171. [PMID: 38289553 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32111-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Excessive ammonia-N in coastal environment and aquaculture threatens the health of marine organisms. To explore the mechanism of gill damage induced by ammonia-N, transcriptome of Litopenaeus vannamei 's gill was carried out under 20 mg/L NH4Cl for 0, 6, and 48 h. K-means clustering analysis suggested that ammonia excretion and metabolism-related genes were elevated. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis suggested that glycosyltransferase activity and amino acid metabolism were affected by ammonia. Moreover, histological observation via three staining methods gave clues on the changes of gill after ammonia-N exposure. Increased mucus, hemocyte infiltration, and lifting of the lamellar epithelium suggested that gill epithelium was suffering damage under ammonia-N stress. Meanwhile, the composition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in connective tissue changed. Based on the findings of transcriptomic and histological analysis, we further investigated the molecular mechanism of gill damage under multiple concentrations of NH4Cl (0, 2, 10, 20 mg/L) for multiple timepoints (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h). First, ammonia excretion was elevated via ion channel, transporter, and exocytosis pathways, but hemolymph ammonia still kept at a high level under 20 mg/L NH4Cl exposure. Second, we focused on glycosaminoglycan metabolism which was related to the dynamics of ECM. It turned out that the degradation and biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate (CS) were elevated, suggesting that the structure of CS might be destructed under ammonia-N stress and CS played an important role in maintaining gill structure. It was enlightening that the destructions occurred in extracellular regions were vital to gill damage. Third, ammonia-N stress induced a series of cellular responses including enhanced apoptosis, active inflammation, and inhibited proliferation which were closely linked and jointly led to the impairment of gill. Our results provided some insights into the physiological changes induced by ammonia-N and enriched the understandings of gill damage under environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixue Tong
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qilong Liao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Luqing Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Zarcero J, Antich A, Rius M, Wangensteen OS, Turon X. A new sampling device for metabarcoding surveillance of port communities and detection of non-indigenous species. iScience 2024; 27:108588. [PMID: 38111684 PMCID: PMC10726295 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabarcoding techniques are revolutionizing studies of marine biodiversity. They can be used for monitoring non-indigenous species (NIS) in ports and harbors. However, they are often biased by inconsistent sampling methods and incomplete reference databases. Logistic constraints in ports prompt the development of simple, easy-to-deploy samplers. We tested a new device called polyamide mesh for ports organismal monitoring (POMPOM) with a high surface-to-volume ratio. POMPOMS were deployed inside a fishing and recreational port in the Mediterranean alongside conventional settlement plates. We also compiled a curated database with cytochrome oxidase (COI) sequences of Mediterranean NIS. COI metabarcoding of the communities settled in the POMPOMs captured a similar biodiversity than settlement plates, with shared molecular operational units (MOTUs) representing ca. 99% of reads. 38 NIS were detected in the port accounting for ca. 26% of reads. POMPOMs were easy to deploy and handle and provide an efficient method for NIS surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Zarcero
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Adrià Antich
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marc Rius
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Johannesburg 2006, South Africa
| | - Owen S. Wangensteen
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences and Biodiversity Research Institute (IRBio), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Turon
- Department of Marine Ecology, Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), CSIC, 17300 Blanes, Catalonia, Spain
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10
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Thomas MK, Ranjan R. Designing More Informative Multiple-Driver Experiments. ANNUAL REVIEW OF MARINE SCIENCE 2024; 16:513-536. [PMID: 37625127 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-marine-041823-095913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
For decades, multiple-driver/stressor research has examined interactions among drivers that will undergo large changes in the future: temperature, pH, nutrients, oxygen, pathogens, and more. However, the most commonly used experimental designs-present-versus-future and ANOVA-fail to contribute to general understanding or predictive power. Linking experimental design to process-based mathematical models would help us predict how ecosystems will behave in novel environmental conditions. We review a range of experimental designs and assess the best experimental path toward a predictive ecology. Full factorial response surface, fractional factorial, quadratic response surface, custom, space-filling, and especially optimal and sequential/adaptive designs can help us achieve more valuable scientific goals. Experiments using these designs are challenging to perform with long-lived organisms or at the community and ecosystem levels. But they remain our most promising path toward linking experiments and theory in multiple-driver research and making accurate, useful predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul K Thomas
- Department F.-A. Forel for Environmental and Aquatic Sciences and Institute for Environmental Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Ravi Ranjan
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany;
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg Institute for Advanced Study, Delmenhorst, Germany
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11
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Ouzoulias F, Bousquet N, Genu M, Gilles A, Spitz J, Authier M. Development of a new control rule for managing anthropogenic removals of protected, endangered or threatened species in marine ecosystems. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16688. [PMID: 38192603 PMCID: PMC10773452 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Human activities in the oceans are increasing and can result in additional mortality on many marine Protected, Endangered or Threatened Species (PETS). It is necessary to implement ambitious measures that aim to restore biodiversity at all nodes of marine food webs and to manage removals resulting from anthropogenic activities. We developed a stochastic surplus production model (SPM) linking abundance and removal processes under the assumption that variations in removals reflect variations in abundance. We then consider several 'harvest' control rules, included two candidate ones derived from this SPM (which we called 'Anthropogenic Removals Threshold', or ART), to manage removals of PETS. The two candidate rules hinge on the estimation of a stationary removal rate. We compared these candidate rules to other existing control rules (e.g. potential biological removal or a fixed percentage rule) in three scenarios: (i) a base scenario whereby unbiased but noisy data are available, (ii) scenario whereby abundance estimates are overestimated and (iii) scenario whereby abundance estimates are underestimated. The different rules were tested on a simulated set of data with life-history parameters close to a small-sized cetacean species of conservation interest in the North-East Atlantic, the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena), and in a management strategy evaluation framework. The effectiveness of the rules were assessed by looking at performance metrics, such as time to reach the conservation objectives, the removal limits obtained with the rules or temporal autocorrelation in removal limits. Most control rules were robust against biases in data and allowed to reach conservation objectives with removal limits of similar magnitude when averaged over time. However, one of the candidate rule (ART) displayed greater alignment with policy requirements for PETS such as minimizing removals over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Ouzoulias
- Laboratoire Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), UMR 8067 - MNHN, CNRS, IRD, SU, UCN, UA, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bousquet
- Laboratoire Probabilités, Statistiques et Modélisation, UMR 8001 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Genu
- Observatoire Pelagis UAR 3462 CNRS, La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
| | - Anita Gilles
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research, Büsum, Germany
| | - Jérôme Spitz
- Observatoire Pelagis UAR 3462 CNRS, La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, (CEBC), UMR 7372 CNRS - La Rochelle University, Villiers en Bois, France
| | - Matthieu Authier
- Observatoire Pelagis UAR 3462 CNRS, La Rochelle University, La Rochelle, France
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12
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Stelzenmüller V, Rehren J, Örey S, Lemmen C, Krishna S, Hasenbein M, Püts M, Probst WN, Diekmann R, Scheffran J, Bos OG, Wirtz K. Framing future trajectories of human activities in the German North Sea to inform cumulative effects assessments and marine spatial planning. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119507. [PMID: 37956520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The global industrialization of seascapes and climate change leads to an increased risk of severe impacts on marine ecosystem functioning. While broad scale spatio-temporal assessments of human pressures on marine ecosystems become more available, future trajectories of human activities at regional and local scales remain often speculative. Here we introduce a stepwise process to integrate bottom-up and expert-driven approaches for scenario development to inform cumulative effects assessments and related marine spatial planning (MSP). Following this guidance, we developed optimistic, realistic, and pessimistic scenarios for major human pressures in the German North Sea such as bottom trawling, offshore wind, nutrient discharge, and aggregate extraction. The forecasts comprise quantitative estimates in relation to spatial footprint, intensity, and technological advancements of those pressures for the years 2030 and 2060. Using network analyses, we assessed interactions of the current and future trajectories of pressures thereby accounting for climate change and the growing need for marine conservation. Our results show that future scenarios of spatial distributions could be developed for activities that are spatially refined and included in the current MSP process. Further our detailed analyses of interdependencies of development components revealed that forecasts regarding specific targets and intensities of human activities depend also strongly on future technological advances. For fisheries and nutrient discharge estimates were less certain due to critical socio-ecological interactions in the marine and terrestrial realm. Overall, our approach unraveled such trade-offs and sources of uncertainties. Yet, our quantitative predictive scenarios were built under a sustainability narrative on a profound knowledge of interactions with other sectors and components in and outside the management boundaries. We advocate that they enable a better preparedness for future changes of cumulative pressure on marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Stelzenmüller
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - J Rehren
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - S Örey
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany; Hochschule Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - C Lemmen
- Helmholtz-Center Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - S Krishna
- Helmholtz-Center Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - M Hasenbein
- Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency, Hamburg, Germany
| | - M Püts
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - W N Probst
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Herwigstraße 31, 27572, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - R Diekmann
- Hochschule Bremerhaven, An der Karlstadt 8, 27568, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - J Scheffran
- Institute of Geography, Universität Hamburg, Germany
| | - O G Bos
- Wageningen Marine Research, Ankerpark 27, 1781 AG, Den Helder, the Netherlands
| | - K Wirtz
- Helmholtz-Center Hereon, Institute of Coastal Systems, Max-Planck-Straße 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
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13
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Zhang Y, Chen K, Xu Z, Fang K, Ye G. First high-resolution marine natural capital mapping in the coastal waters of Chinese mainland. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 349:119596. [PMID: 37992665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Marine ecosystems are complex self-organized systems that generate natural capital stocks and vital ecosystem services (ES) for human well-being. However, the assessment of marine natural capital in coastal countries is often overlooked. In this study, we evaluated the value of marine natural capital in mainland China using existing ES classifications and the emergy method. China's marine natural capital was estimated at 3.29E+24 sej/yr, with coastal waters having 3.2 times higher emergy density than terrestrial ecosystems. The annual economic value of marine natural capital in China's coastal water was approximately 8817.42 billion yuan/yr, nearly equal to China's Gross Ocean Product (GOP) in 2019 (8941.5-billion-yuan). Southern China showed significantly higher natural capital values than northern China. These findings highlight regional disparities in marine resource utilization and socioeconomic status, posing challenges to sustainable ocean development. The results provide a reference for policy and strategy development for sustainable marine resource exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaowen Zhang
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Kehao Chen
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Zhenci Xu
- The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kai Fang
- School of Public Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Guanqiong Ye
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China; Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, 572000, China.
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14
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Aberoumand A, Aminimehr A. The effects of additives as a marinade producer on nutritional quality parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss fish during storage at 4°C. Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:162-171. [PMID: 38268866 PMCID: PMC10804098 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the utilization of additive ingredients on the proximate composition, energy value, yield percentage, and pH value of cold and cooked Rainbow trout marinade. In this study, the effect of the marinating solution with different concentrations of lemon juice and salt on various quality properties in the processed muscle was determined. Results showed the pH value of the cold marinade in treatments 2, 3, and 4 decreased to 5.57, 5.15, and 5.14 with significant differences, respectively. The results showed that the marinade yield range (27.1%-19.28%) was found as a result of the marinating process. There was a significant difference between the cold and cooked fish marinades in terms of water content, pH, proximate contents, and yield percentage. The protein content in cold marinade was highest at 16.43%, while in treatments 2, 3, and 4, it decreased to 16.42%, 14.00%, and 14.56%, respectively with a significant difference. The lipid content in cold marinade (2.31%) for treatment 4 was highest, while in treatments 3 and 4, it increased significantly. The cold marinade treatment 4 found the highest energy and nutrient values, while the yield of marinade was 61.21%. The treatment T2 in cooked marinade found the highest energy value and the lowest weight loss (89.7%). Moisture retention in fish-cooked marinade treatments was found to be 13.5%, 5.52%, and 9.77%. It can be concluded that treatment 2 was the best option for both cold and cooked marinades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aberoumand
- Department of FisheriesBehbahan Khatam Alanbia University of TechnologyBehbahanIran
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15
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Morim T, Henriques S, Vasconcelos R, Dolbeth M. A roadmap to define and select aquatic biological traits at different scales of analysis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22947. [PMID: 38135700 PMCID: PMC10746726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait-based approaches are a powerful tool, as they not only improve understanding of ecological complexity and functioning but also allow comparison across different ecosystems and biogeographical regions. They may be used to unveil ecosystem processes and assess community structures, but their great potential becomes limited when dealing with scattered trait data and historically unstandardised trait nomenclature. The lack of standardisation allows authors to use the terminology of their preference, which inevitably leads to ambiguous misunderstandings and limits comparison between different studies. There have been some attempts to organise the trait vocabulary, but even these are mostly created from the perspective of a single ecosystem, which limits their applicability. In this work, we conducted a systematic literature review that identified and compiled 1127 traits across 37 datasets of fishes, invertebrates and zooplankton from freshwater, marine and transitional ecosystems. This dataset was then used to build on the Marine Species Traits Wiki and to propose a new, unified approach to a trait vocabulary based directly on readily available trait data. We propose a single standardised designation for all the different traits identified and provide a list of all the different synonyms commonly used for these traits. A roadmap to help the trait selection process is also provided, offering a guide through four main steps and important questions for choosing an adequate set of traits at the beginning of any study, which constitutes one of the main challenges in functional ecology research. Overall, this proposal will provide a solid baseline for tackling gaps in trait nomenclature and ensuring a clearer future for functional ecology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teófilo Morim
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Sofia Henriques
- IPMA - Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Infrastructure Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Vasconcelos
- IPMA - Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera, Av. Dr. Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho 6, 1495-165, Algés, Portugal
| | - Marina Dolbeth
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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16
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Rees MJ, Knott NA, Astles KL, Swadling DS, West GJ, Ferguson AM, Delamont J, Gibson PT, Neilson J, Birch GF, Glasby TM. Cumulative effects of multiple stressors impact an endangered seagrass population and fish communities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166706. [PMID: 37659560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are becoming increasingly threatened by human activities and there is growing appreciation that management must consider the impacts of multiple stressors. Cumulative effects assessments (CEAs) have become a popular tool for identifying the distribution and intensity of multiple human stressors in coastal ecosystems. Few studies, however, have demonstrated strong correlations between CEAs and change in ecosystem condition, questioning its management use. Here, we apply a CEA to the endangered seagrass Posidonia australis in Pittwater, NSW, Australia, using spatial data on known stressors to seagrass related to foreshore development, water quality, vessel traffic and fishing. We tested how well cumulative effects scores explained changes in P. australis extent measured between 2005 and 2019 using high-resolution aerial imagery. A negative correlation between P. australis and estimated cumulative effects scores was observed (R2 = 22 %), and we identified a threshold of cumulative effects above which losses of P. australis became more likely. Using baited remote underwater video, we surveyed fishes over P. australis and non-vegetated sediments to infer and quantify how impacts of cumulative effects to P. australis extent would flow on to fish assemblages. P. australis contained a distinct assemblage of fish, and on non-vegetated sediments the abundance of sparids, which are of importance to fisheries, increased with closer proximity to P. australis. Our results demonstrate the negative impact of multiple stressors on P. australis and the consequences for fish biodiversity and fisheries production across much of the estuary. Management actions aimed at reducing or limiting cumulative effects to low and moderate levels will help conserve P. australis and its associated fish biodiversity and productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Rees
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Marine Ecosystems, Fisheries Research, 4 Woollamia Road, Huskisson, NSW, 2540, Australia.
| | - Nathan A Knott
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Marine Ecosystems, Fisheries Research, 4 Woollamia Road, Huskisson, NSW, 2540, Australia
| | - Karen L Astles
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Fisheries Research, P.O. Box 5106, Wollongong 2520, Australia
| | - Daniel S Swadling
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, New South Wales, 2315 Nelson Bay, Australia
| | - Greg J West
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, New South Wales, 2315 Nelson Bay, Australia
| | - Adrian M Ferguson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Marine Ecosystems, Fisheries Research, 4 Woollamia Road, Huskisson, NSW, 2540, Australia
| | - Jason Delamont
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Marine Ecosystems, Fisheries Research, 4 Woollamia Road, Huskisson, NSW, 2540, Australia
| | - Peter T Gibson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, New South Wales, 2315 Nelson Bay, Australia
| | - Joseph Neilson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, New South Wales, 2315 Nelson Bay, Australia
| | - Gavin F Birch
- Geocoastal Research Group, School of Geosciences, The University of Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim M Glasby
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Locked Bag 1, New South Wales, 2315 Nelson Bay, Australia
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17
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Papantoniou G, Zervoudaki S, Assimakopoulou G, Stoumboudi MT, Tsagarakis K. Ecosystem-level responses to multiple stressors using a time-dynamic food-web model: The case of a re-oligotrophicated coastal embayment (Saronikos Gulf, E Mediterranean). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:165882. [PMID: 37574071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Multiple stressors may combine in unexpected ways to alter the structure of ecological systems, however, our current ability to evaluate their ecological impact is limited due to the lack of information concerning historic trophic interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Saronikos Gulf is a heavily exploited embayment in the E Mediterranean that has undergone significant ecological alterations during the last 20 years including a shift from long-standing eutrophic to oligotrophic conditions in the mid-2000's. Here we used a historical Ecopath food-web model of Saronikos Gulf (1998-2000) and fitted the time-dynamic module Ecosim to biomass and catch time series for the period 2001-2020. We then projected the model forward in time from 2021 to 2050 under 8 scenarios to simulate ecosystem responses to the individual and combined effect of sea surface temperature increase, primary productivity shifts and fishing effort release. Incorporating trophic interactions, climate warming, fishing and primary production improved model fit, depicting that both fishing and the environment have historically influenced ecosystem dynamics. Retrospective simulations of the model captured historical biomass and catch trends of commercially important stocks and reproduced successfully the marked recovery of marine resources 10 years after re-oligotrophication. In future scenarios increasing temperature had a detrimental impact on most functional groups, increasing and decreasing productivity had a positive and negative effect on all respectively, while fishing reductions principally benefited top predators. Combined stressors produced synergistic or antagonistic effects depending on the direction and magnitude of change of each stressor in isolation while their overall impact seemed to be strongly mediated via food-web interactions. Such holistic approaches advance of our mechanistic understanding of ecosystems enabling us to develop more effective management strategies in the face of a rapidly changing marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Papantoniou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece.
| | - Soultana Zervoudaki
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Georgia Assimakopoulou
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Oceanography, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Maria Th Stoumboudi
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsagarakis
- Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 46.7 km Athinon-Souniou Ave, P.O. BOX 712, Anavyssos, GR19013, Greece
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18
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Albani G, Asiedu D, Abrokwah S, Jónasdóttir SH, Nielsen TG, Acheampong E, Ruiz LH, Ekumah B, Koski M. Synergistic and additive effects of microplastic, nickel and pyrene on survival, reproduction, and egestion of a tropical copepod. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 265:106737. [PMID: 37939499 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2023.106737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Coastal tropical ecosystems provide livelihood for millions of people but are at the same time exposed to an increasing intensity of diverse anthropogenic stressors, including pollution. Nevertheless, the combined effects of pollutants on marine ecosystems are poorly understood, particularly regarding lower trophic levels (plankton) and tropical ocean. We exposed the tropical copepod Centropages velificatus to 4-5 concentrations of a heavy metal (nickel), an oil compound (pyrene) and microplastic (PET), either alone or in combination, and measured their egestion, reproduction, and mortality rates. Microplastic alone did not have any effect on pellet or egg production of copepods, whereas nickel reduced egg production rate at concentrations ≥1 µg L-1 and pyrene reduced both egg and pellet production rates at concentrations ≥1 nM. The addition of nickel and pyrene to PET - microplastic resulted in a reduction similar to one caused by nickel or pyrene alone, suggesting an additive effect. In contrast, a combination of nickel and pyrene had a synergistic effect, with a strong reduction in survival, egg and pellet production. Our results suggest that combinations of contaminants that are commonly found in tropical coastal waters have detrimental effects on copepods-the crucial link in the pelagic food web-at lower concentrations than suggested by single stressor studies. This can have an influence on the food web productivity - the basis of fisheries that local communities rely on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Albani
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Delove Asiedu
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sika Abrokwah
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sigrún H Jónasdóttir
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Torkel G Nielsen
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Emmanuel Acheampong
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana; Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Laura Hernández Ruiz
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Bernard Ekumah
- Centre for Coastal Management (CCM), School of Biological Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Marja Koski
- Technical University of Denmark, National Institute for Aquatic Resources, Kemitorvet, Building 202, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Ostrowski A, Connolly RM, Brown CJ, Sievers M. Stressor fluctuations alter mechanisms of seagrass community responses relative to static stressors. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 900:165865. [PMID: 37516181 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems are increasingly affected by multiple anthropogenic stressors that contribute to habitat degradation and loss. Natural ecosystems are highly dynamic, yet multiple stressor experiments often ignore variability in stressor intensity and do not consider how effects could be mediated across trophic levels, with implications for models that underpin stressor management. Here, we investigated the in situ effects of changes in stressor intensity (i.e., fluctuations) and synchronicity (i.e., timing of fluctuations) on a seagrass community, applying the stressors reduced light and physical disturbance to the sediment. We used structural equation models (SEMs) to identify causal effects of dynamic multiple stressors on seagrass shoot density and leaf surface area, and abundance of associated crustaceans. Responses depended on whether stressor intensities fluctuated or remained static. Relative to static stressor exposure at the end of the experiment, shoot density, leaf surface area, and crustacean abundance all declined under in-phase (synchronous; 17, 33, and 30 % less, respectively) and out-of-phase (asynchronous; 11, 28, and 39 % less, respectively) fluctuating treatments. Static treatment increased seagrass leaf surface area and crustacean abundance relative to the control group. We hypothesised that crustacean responses are mediated by changes in seagrass; however, causal analysis found only weak evidence for a mediation effect via leaf surface area. Changes in crustacean abundance, therefore, were primarily a direct response to stressors. Our results suggest that the mechanisms underpinning stress responses change when stressors fluctuate. For instance, increased leaf surface area under static stress could be caused by seagrass acclimating to low light, whereas no response under fluctuating stressors suggests an acclimation response was not triggered. The SEMs also revealed that community responses to the stressors can be independent of one another. Therefore, models based on static experiments may be representing ecological mechanisms not observed in natural ecosystems, and underestimating the impacts of stressors on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Ostrowski
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia.
| | - Rod M Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Christopher J Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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20
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Baletaud F, Lecellier G, Gilbert A, Mathon L, Côme JM, Dejean T, Dumas M, Fiat S, Vigliola L. Comparing Seamounts and Coral Reefs with eDNA and BRUVS Reveals Oases and Refuges on Shallow Seamounts. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1446. [PMID: 37998045 PMCID: PMC10669620 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Seamounts are the least known ocean biome. Considered biodiversity hotspots, biomass oases, and refuges for megafauna, large gaps exist in their real diversity relative to other ecosystems like coral reefs. Using environmental DNA metabarcoding (eDNA) and baited video (BRUVS), we compared fish assemblages across five environments of different depths: coral reefs (15 m), shallow seamounts (50 m), continental slopes (150 m), intermediate seamounts (250 m), and deep seamounts (500 m). We modeled assemblages using 12 environmental variables and found depth to be the main driver of fish diversity and biomass, although other variables like human accessibility were important. Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) revealed a strong negative effect of depth on species richness, segregating coral reefs from deep-sea environments. Surprisingly, BRT showed a hump-shaped effect of depth on fish biomass, with significantly lower biomass on coral reefs than in shallowest deep-sea environments. Biomass of large predators like sharks was three times higher on shallow seamounts (50 m) than on coral reefs. The five studied environments showed quite distinct assemblages. However, species shared between coral reefs and deeper-sea environments were dominated by highly mobile large predators. Our results suggest that seamounts are no diversity hotspots for fish. However, we show that shallower seamounts form biomass oases and refuges for threatened megafauna, suggesting that priority should be given to their protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Baletaud
- ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR, UNC, IFREMER, CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (F.B.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (M.D.); (S.F.)
- GINGER SOPRONER, 98000 Noumea, New Caledonia, France;
- GINGER BURGEAP, 69000 Lyon, France;
- MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Gaël Lecellier
- ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR, UNC, IFREMER, CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (F.B.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (M.D.); (S.F.)
- ISEA, University of New Caledonia, 98800 Noumea, New Caledonia, France
| | | | - Laëtitia Mathon
- ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR, UNC, IFREMER, CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (F.B.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (M.D.); (S.F.)
- CEFE, University of Montpellier, CNRS, EPHE-PSL, IRD, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Mahé Dumas
- ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR, UNC, IFREMER, CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (F.B.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Sylvie Fiat
- ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR, UNC, IFREMER, CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (F.B.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Laurent Vigliola
- ENTROPIE, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR, UNC, IFREMER, CNRS, Centre IRD de Nouméa, 98848 Noumea, New Caledonia, France; (F.B.); (G.L.); (L.M.); (M.D.); (S.F.)
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21
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Golikov AV, Gudmundsson G, Blicher ME, Jørgensen LL, Korneeva EI, Olafsdottir SH, Shagimardanova EI, Shigapova LH, Zakharov DV, Zimina OL, Sabirov RM. A review of the genus Muusoctopus (Cephalopoda: Octopoda) from Arctic waters. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2023; 9:21. [PMID: 37974237 PMCID: PMC10655294 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-023-00220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
We report two Arctic species of incirrate octopods new to science. One is formally described here as Muusoctopus aegir Golikov, Gudmundsson & Sabirov sp. nov. while the other, Muusoctopus sp. 1, is not formally described due to a limited number of samples (all are immature individuals). These two species differ from each other, and from other Muusoctopus, especially in: 1) absence of stylets (in M. aegir sp. nov.); 2) proportions of mantle and head; 3) funnel organ morphology (W-shaped with medial and marginal limbs of equal length in M. aegir sp. nov., or medial are slightly longer; V V-shaped with medial limbs slightly longer and broader than marginal in Muusoctopus sp. 1); 4) sucker and gill lamellae counts; 5) relative arm length and sucker diameter; and 6) male reproductive system relative size and morphology. Species of Muusoctopus now comprise four of 12 known Arctic cephalopods. Additionally, this study provides: a) new data on the morphology and reproductive biology of M. johnsonianus and M. sibiricus, and a diagnosis of M. sibiricus; b) the equations to estimate mantle length and body mass from beak measurements of M. aegir sp. nov. and M. johnsonianus; c) a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene barcode for M. sibiricus; d) new data on the ecology and distribution of all studied species; and e) a data table for the identification of northern North Atlantic and Arctic species of Muusoctopus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V Golikov
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Gudmundur Gudmundsson
- Collections and Systematics Department, Icelandic Institute of Natural History, Urriðaholtsstræti 6-8, 210, Gardabaer, Iceland
| | - Martin E Blicher
- NIRAS A/S, Ceres Allé 3, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Greenland Climate Research Centre, Kivioq 2, 3900, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - Lis L Jørgensen
- Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø Department, P.O. Box 6606 Langnes, 9294, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ekaterina I Korneeva
- Department of Zoology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
| | - Steinunn H Olafsdottir
- Marine and Freshwater Research Institute, Demersal Division, Fornubúðir 5, 220, Hafnarfjordur, Iceland
| | - Elena I Shagimardanova
- Kazan Federal University, Extreme Biology Laboratory, Volkova Str. 18, 420021, Kazan, Russia
| | - Leyla H Shigapova
- Kazan Federal University, Extreme Biology Laboratory, Volkova Str. 18, 420021, Kazan, Russia
| | - Denis V Zakharov
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Research, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga L Zimina
- Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Marine Research, Universitetskaya Nab. 1, 199034, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia
- Murmansk Marine Biological Institute, Laboratory of Zoobenthos, Vladimirskaya Str. 17, 183010, Murmansk, Russia
| | - Rushan M Sabirov
- Department of Zoology, Kazan Federal University, Kremlyovskaya Str. 18, 420008, Kazan, Russia
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22
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Carrier-Belleau C, Pascal L, Tiegs SD, Nozais C, Archambault P. Tipping point arises earlier under a multiple-stressor scenario. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16780. [PMID: 37798389 PMCID: PMC10555998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic impacts and global changes have profound implications for natural ecosystems and may lead to their modification, degradation or collapse. Increases in the intensity of single stressors may create abrupt shifts in biotic responses (i.e. thresholds). The effects of multiple interacting stressors may create non-additive responses, known as synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Here we combine both concepts-ecological thresholds and interactions between multiple stressors-to understand the effects of multiple interacting stressors along environmental gradients, and how this can affect the occurrence of thresholds. Using an experimental approach to investigate the effect of nutrient enrichment and saltwater intrusion on mortality in the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, we show that multiple stressors can create thresholds at lower levels of an environmental gradient. Our results reveal a major shortcoming in how we currently investigate these two ecological concepts, as considering them separately may be causing underestimation of thresholds and stressor-interaction impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Carrier-Belleau
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Takuvik Joint UL/CNRS Laboratory, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ludovic Pascal
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski, Canada Research Chair in geochemistry of coastal hydrogeosystems, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 310 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Scott D Tiegs
- Department of Biological Sciences, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
| | - Christian Nozais
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Université du Québec à Rimouski, 300 Allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, QC, G5L 3A1, Canada
| | - Philippe Archambault
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Québec-Océan, Université Laval, 1045, av. de la Médecine, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada
- Takuvik Joint UL/CNRS Laboratory, Université Laval, 1045 Avenue de la Médecine, Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
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23
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Bao J, Guo S, Fan D, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Pang X. Sonoactivated Nanomaterials: A potent armament for wastewater treatment. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 99:106569. [PMID: 37657369 PMCID: PMC10495678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
The world is currently facing a critical issue of water pollution, with wastewater being a major contributor. It comes from different types of pollutants, including industrial, medical, agricultural, and domestic. Effective treatment of wastewater requires efficient degradation of pollutants and carcinogens prior to discharge. Commonly used methods for wastewater treatment include filtration, adsorption, biodegradation, advanced oxidation processes, and Fenton oxidation, among others.The sonochemical effect refers to the decomposition, oxidation, reduction, and other reactions of pollutant molecules in wastewater upon ultrasound activation, achieving pollutants removal. Furthermore, the micro-flow effect generated by ultrasonic waves creates tiny bubbles and eddies. This significantly increases the contact area and exchange speed of pollutants and dissolved oxygen, thereby accelerating pollutant degradation. Currently, ultrasonic-assisted technology has emerged as a promising approach due to its strong oxidation ability, simple and cheap equipments, and minimal secondary pollution. However, the use of ultrasound in wastewater treatment has some limitations, such as high energy consumption, lengthy treatment time, limited water treatment capacity, stringent water quality requirements, and unstable treatment effects. To address these issues, the combination of enhanced ultrasound with nanotechnology is proposed and has shown great potential in wastewater treatment. Such a combination can greatly improve the efficiency of ultrasonic oxidation, resulting in an improved performance of wastewater purification. This article presents recent progress in the development of sonoactivated nanomaterials for enhanced wastewater disposal. Such nanomaterials are systematically classified and discussed. Potential challenges and future prospects of this emerging technology are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Bao
- Functional Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Shuangshaung Guo
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dandan Fan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Functional Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Functional Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Xin Pang
- Functional Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China.
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24
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Bockel T, Marre G, Delaruelle G, Holon F, Boissery P, Blandin A, Mouquet N, Deter J. Anchoring pressure and the effectiveness of new management measures quantified using AIS data and a mobile application. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 195:115511. [PMID: 37708607 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Large boats can have a major impact on sensitive marine habitats like seagrass meadows when anchoring. The anchoring preference of large boats and their impacts can be mapped using Automatic Identification System (AIS). We found a constant increase in the number of anchoring events with, until recently, a large part of them within the protected Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows. French authorities adopted a new regulation in 2019 forbidding any anchoring within P. oceanica seagrass meadows for boats larger than 24 m. The number of large ships (>24 m) anchoring in P. oceanica meadows significantly decreased after the enforcement of the regulation. The surface of avoided impact thanks to the new regulation corresponds to 134 to 217 tons of carbon sequestered by the preserved meadow in 2022. This work illustrates that a strict regulation of anchoring, based on accurate habitat maps, is effective in protecting seagrass meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bockel
- Andromède océanologie, 7 place Cassan, Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio, France; MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France.
| | - Guilhem Marre
- Andromède océanologie, 7 place Cassan, Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio, France
| | | | - Florian Holon
- Andromède océanologie, 7 place Cassan, Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio, France
| | - Pierre Boissery
- Agence de l'Eau Rhône-Méditerranée-, Corse, Délégation de Marseille, Marseille Cedex 01, France
| | - Agathe Blandin
- Andromède océanologie, 7 place Cassan, Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio, France
| | - Nicolas Mouquet
- MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France; FRB - CESAB, Institut Bouisson Bertrand. 5, rue de l'École de médecine, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Julie Deter
- Andromède océanologie, 7 place Cassan, Carnon plage, 34130 Mauguio, France; MARBEC, UMR IRD-CNRS-UM-IFREMER 9190, Université Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier Cedex, France
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25
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Fortune J, Butler ECV, Gibb K. Estuarine benthic habitats provide an important ecosystem service regulating the nitrogen cycle. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 190:106121. [PMID: 37531677 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, a key ecosystem service provided by sedimentary estuarine habitats is the regulation of nutrient cycles. The nitrogen (N) cycle is driven by complex biogeochemical transformations within these sediments-including nitrogen fixation, denitrification, assimilation and anaerobic ammonia oxidation-mediated by microorganisms. Evaluating ecosystem processes and their functional value is a knowledge gap for the wet-dry tropics and even more limited for macrotidal estuaries. The capacity of these important environments to withstand and assimilate increasing nitrogenous loads as a consequence of accelerating development pressures in tropical Australia is largely unknown. Because of the critical role nitrogen cycling plays in estuarine ecosystems, identifying important habitats that underpin N cycling, particularly denitrification known to mitigate anthropogenic N inputs, is important. Detailed benthic habitat mapping of the Darwin-Bynoe region of northern Australia has provided a rare opportunity to demarcate its key habitats, such as intertidal mudflats, seagrass, mangroves, reef and saltmarsh. Combined with new measurements of benthic nitrogen fluxes, it has been possible for the first time to map these processes and develop a simple integrated functional value for N cycling across key benthic habitats of a tropical macrotidal estuary. Maps generated in this process have provided broadscale identification of the functional importance of habitats with relevance to N removal processes. The role of intertidal sediments in denitrification has been highlighted. Furthermore, the study emphasises connectivity across benthic seascapes, where multiple services are likely to interact, in supporting overall function and ecosystem health. The distillation of composite processes in this mapping format allows resource managers and scientists to communicate outputs visually with a simple classification scheme which could be superimposed with additional data to support environmental assessment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Fortune
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
| | - Edward C V Butler
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Arafura Timor Research Facility, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia; Ultramarine Concepts, PO Box 476, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Karen Gibb
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
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26
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Li X, Wang H, McCauley DJ, Altieri AH, Silliman BR, Lefcheck JS, Wu J, Li B, He Q. A wide megafauna gap undermines China's expanding coastal ecosystem conservation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg3800. [PMID: 37556546 PMCID: PMC10411873 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg3800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
To fulfill sustainable development goals, many countries are expanding efforts to conserve ecologically and societally critical coastal ecosystems. Although megafauna profoundly affect the functioning of ecosystems, they are neglected as a key component in the conservation scheme for coastal ecosystems in many geographic contexts. We reveal a rich diversity of extant megafauna associated with all major types of coastal ecosystems in China, including 218 species of mammals, birds, reptiles, cephalopods, and fish across terrestrial and marine environments. However, 44% of these species are globally threatened, and 78% have not yet been assessed in China for extinction risk. More worrisome, 73% of these megafauna have not been designated as nationally protected species, and <10% of their most important habitats are protected. Filling this wide "megafauna gap" in China and globally would be a leading step as humanity strives to thrive with coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xincheng Li
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hanchen Wang
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Douglas J. McCauley
- Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93101, USA
| | - Andrew H. Altieri
- Department of Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian R. Silliman
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, 135 Duke Marine Lab Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | - Jonathan S. Lefcheck
- Tennenbaum Marine Observatories Network and MarineGEO Program, Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA
| | - Jihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, Yunnan, China
| | - Qiang He
- Coastal Ecology Lab, MOE Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary (Shanghai), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, China
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27
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Dornelas M, Chase JM, Gotelli NJ, Magurran AE, McGill BJ, Antão LH, Blowes SA, Daskalova GN, Leung B, Martins IS, Moyes F, Myers-Smith IH, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220199. [PMID: 37246380 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in the context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how biodiversity has changed in recent decades across scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity and abundance. At local scales, change across all metrics includes many examples of both increases and declines and tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence of declining trends in beta-diversity (increasing similarity in composition across space or biotic homogenization) and abundance. The exception to this pattern is temporal turnover, with changes in species composition through time observed in most local assemblages. Less is known about change at regional scales, although several studies suggest that increases in richness are more prevalent than declines. Change at the global scale is the hardest to estimate accurately, but most studies suggest extinction rates are probably outpacing speciation rates, although both are elevated. Recognizing this variability is essential to accurately portray how biodiversity change is unfolding, and highlights how much remains unknown about the magnitude and direction of multiple biodiversity metrics at different scales. Reducing these blind spots is essential to allow appropriate management actions to be deployed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Guia Marine Laboratory, MARE, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | | | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Laura H Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shane A Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | - Gergana N Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Inês S Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | | | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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28
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Daru BH, Rock BM. Reorganization of seagrass communities in a changing climate. NATURE PLANTS 2023; 9:1034-1043. [PMID: 37336970 PMCID: PMC10356593 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01445-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Although climate change projections indicate significant threats to terrestrial biodiversity, the effects are much more profound and striking in the marine environment. Here we explore how different facets of locally distinctive α- and β-diversity (changes in spatial composition) of seagrasses will respond to future climate change scenarios across the globe and compare their coverage with the existing network of marine protected areas. By using species distribution modelling and a dated phylogeny, we predict widespread reductions in species' range sizes that will result in increases in seagrass weighted and phylogenetic endemism. These projected increases of endemism will result in divergent shifts in the spatial composition of β-diversity leading to differentiation in some areas and the homogenization of seagrass communities in other regions. Regardless of the climate scenario, the potential hotspots of these projected shifts in seagrass α- and β-diversity are predicted to occur outside the current network of marine protected areas, providing new priority areas for future conservation planning that incorporate seagrasses. Our findings report responses of species to future climate for a group that is currently under represented in climate change assessments yet crucial in maintaining marine food chains and providing habitat for a wide range of marine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnabas H Daru
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Brianna M Rock
- Clearwater Marine Aquarium Research Institute, Clearwater, FL, USA
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29
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Wang Z, Zeng C, Cao L. Mapping the biodiversity conservation gaps in the East China sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 336:117667. [PMID: 36878059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Being one of the most productive China seas, the East China Sea is facing the challenge of unprecedented biodiversity loss and habitat degradation under the dual pressure of anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Although marine protected areas (MPAs) are considered an effective conservation tool, it remains unclear whether existing MPAs adequately protect marine biodiversity. To investigate this issue, we first constructed a maximum entropy model to predict the distributions of 359 threatened species and identified its species richness hotspots in the East China Sea. Then we identified priority conservation areas (PCAs1) under different protection scenarios. Since the actual conservation in the East China Sea is far from the goals proposed by Convention on Biological Diversity, we calculated a more realistic conservation goal by quantifying the relationship between the percentage of protected areas in the East China Sea and the average proportion of habitats covered for all species. Finally, we mapped conservation gaps by comparing the PCAs under the proposed goal and existing MPAs. Our results showed that these threatened species were very heterogeneously distributed, and their abundance was highest at low latitudes and in nearshore areas. The identified PCAs were distributed mainly in nearshore areas, especially in the Yangtze River estuary and along the Taiwan Strait. Based on the current distribution of threatened species, we suggest a minimum conservation goal of 20.4% of the total area of the East China Sea. Only 8.8% of the recommended PCAs are currently within the existing MPAs. We recommend expanding the MPAs in six areas to achieve the minimum conservation target. Our findings provide a solid scientific reference and a reasonable short-term target for China to realize the vision of protecting 30% of its oceans by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Wang
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Cong Zeng
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Ling Cao
- School of Oceanography, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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30
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Harmesa H, Lestari L, Budiyanto F, Purbonegoro T, Wahyudi AJ. Preliminary study of geochemical speciation of copper and nickel in coastal sediments in Surabaya, Indonesia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27711-w. [PMID: 37231129 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27711-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Surabaya is one of the big coastal cities in Indonesia with rapid municipal development. Thus, the investigation on the metal's geochemical speciation in the coastal sediment is required to assess the environmental quality by studying their mobility, bioavailability, and toxicity. This study is aimed at evaluating the condition of the Surabaya coast by assessing copper and nickel fractionations and total concentrations of both metals in sediments. Environmental assessments were performed by using geo-accumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (CF), and pollution load index (PLI) for existing total heavy metal data and by using individual contamination factor (ICF) and risk assessment code (RAC) for metal fractionations. Copper speciation was observed geochemically in the fraction order of residual (9.21 - 40.08 mg/kg) > reducible (2.33 - 11.98 mg/kg) > oxidizable (0.75 - 22.71 mg/kg) > exchangeable (0.40 - 2.06 mg/kg), while the detected fraction order of nickel was residual (5.16 - 13.88 mg/kg) > exchangeable (2.33 - 5.95 mg/kg) > reducible (1.42 - 4.74 mg/kg) > oxidizable (1.62 - 3.88 mg/kg). Different fraction levels were found for nickel speciation wherein its exchangeable fraction was higher than copper, even though the residual fraction was dominant for both copper and nickel. The total metal concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the range of 13.5 - 66.1 mg/kg dry weight and 12.7 - 24.7 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Despite the fact that almost all index values are detected low through total metal assessment, the port area is indicated to be in the moderate contamination category for copper. Through the assessment of metal fractionation, copper is classified into the low contamination and low-risk category, while nickel is categorized into the moderate contamination level and medium risk to the aquatic environment. Although the coast of Surabaya generally remains in the safe category for living habitat, certain sites had relatively high metal concentrations estimated to have originated from anthropogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harmesa Harmesa
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia.
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia.
| | - Lestari Lestari
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Fitri Budiyanto
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - Triyoni Purbonegoro
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
| | - A'an Johan Wahyudi
- Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
- Research Center for Oceanography, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, BRIN Kawasan Jakarta Ancol, Jl. Pasir Putih 1, Ancol, Jakarta, 14430, Indonesia
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Ma C, Stelzenmüller V, Rehren J, Yu J, Zhang Z, Zheng H, Lin L, Yang HC, Jin Y. A risk-based approach to cumulative effects assessment for large marine ecosystems to support transboundary marine spatial planning: A case study of the yellow sea. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 342:118165. [PMID: 37201394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative effects assessment (CEA) should be conducted at ecologically meaningful scales such as large marine ecosystems to halt further ocean degradation caused by anthropogenic pressures and facilitate ecosystem-based management such as transboundary marine spatial planning (MSP). However, few studies exist at large marine ecosystems scale, especially in the West Pacific seas, where countries have different MSP processes yet transboundary cooperation is paramount. Thus, a step-wise CEA would be informative to help bordering countries set a common goal. Building on the risk-based CEA framework, we decomposed CEA into risk identification and spatially-explicit risk analysis and applied it to the Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem (YSLME), aiming to understand the most influential cause-effect pathways and risk distribution pattern. The results showed that (1) seven human activities including port, mariculture, fishing, industry and urban development, shipping, energy, and coastal defence, and three pressures including physical loss of seabed, input of hazardous substances, nitrogen, and phosphorus enrichment were the leading causes of environmental problems in the YSLME; (2) benthic organisms, fishes, algae, tidal flats, seabirds, and marine mammals were the most vulnerable ecosystem components on which cumulative effects acted; (3) areas with relatively high risk mainly concentrated on nearshore zones, especially Shandong, Liaoning, and northern Jiangsu, while coastal bays of South Korea also witnessed high risk; (4) certain risks could be observed in the transboundary area, of which the causes were the pervasive fishing, shipping, and sinking of pollutants in this area due to the cyclonic circulation and fine-grained sediments. In future transboundary cooperation on MSP, risk criteria and evaluation of existing management measures should be incorporated to determine whether the identified risk has exceeded the acceptable level and identify the next step of cooperation. Our study presents an example of CEA at large marine ecosystems scale and provides a reference to other large marine ecosystems in the West Pacific and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ma
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Bremerhaven, 27572, Germany
| | | | - Jennifer Rehren
- Thünen Institute of Sea Fisheries, Bremerhaven, 27572, Germany
| | - Jing Yu
- College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Institute of Marine Development, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, 266001, China.
| | - Hao Zheng
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Lu Lin
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Hee-Cheol Yang
- Ocean Law and Policy Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, 49111, South Korea
| | - Yinhuan Jin
- Ocean Law and Policy Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, 49111, South Korea
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Andria G, Scarpetta M, Spadavecchia M, Affuso P, Giaquinto N. SNOWED: Automatically Constructed Dataset of Satellite Imagery for Water Edge Measurements. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:s23094491. [PMID: 37177695 PMCID: PMC10181759 DOI: 10.3390/s23094491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the shoreline over time is essential to quickly identify and mitigate environmental issues such as coastal erosion. Monitoring using satellite images has two great advantages, i.e., global coverage and frequent measurement updates; but adequate methods are needed to extract shoreline information from such images. To this purpose, there are valuable non-supervised methods, but more recent research has concentrated on deep learning because of its greater potential in terms of generality, flexibility, and measurement accuracy, which, in contrast, derive from the information contained in large datasets of labeled samples. The first problem to solve, therefore, lies in obtaining large datasets suitable for this specific measurement problem, and this is a difficult task, typically requiring human analysis of a large number of images. In this article, we propose a technique to automatically create a dataset of labeled satellite images suitable for training machine learning models for shoreline detection. The method is based on the integration of data from satellite photos and data from certified, publicly accessible shoreline data. It involves several automatic processing steps, aimed at building the best possible dataset, with images including both sea and land regions, and correct labeling also in the presence of complicated water edges (which can be open or closed curves). The use of independently certified measurements for labeling the satellite images avoids the great work required to manually annotate them by visual inspection, as is done in other works in the literature. This is especially true when convoluted shorelines are considered. In addition, possible errors due to the subjective interpretation of satellite images are also eliminated. The method is developed and used specifically to build a new dataset of Sentinel-2 images, denoted SNOWED; but is applicable to different satellite images with trivial modifications. The accuracy of labels in SNOWED is directly determined by the uncertainty of the shoreline data used, which leads to sub-pixel errors in most cases. Furthermore, the quality of the SNOWED dataset is assessed through the visual comparison of a random sample of images and their corresponding labels, and its functionality is shown by training a neural model for sea-land segmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregorio Andria
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Scarpetta
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maurizio Spadavecchia
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Affuso
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Giaquinto
- Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Morrissette HK, Baez SK, Beers L, Bood N, Martinez ND, Novelo K, Andrews G, Balan L, Beers CS, Betancourt SA, Blanco R, Bowden E, Burns-Perez V, Carcamo M, Chevez L, Crooks S, Feller IC, Galvez G, Garbutt K, Gongora R, Grijalva E, Lefcheck J, Mahung A, Mattis C, McKoy T, McLaughlin D, Meza J, Pott E, Ramirez G, Ramnarace V, Rash A, Rosado S, Santos H, Santoya L, Sosa W, Ugarte G, Viamil J, Young A, Young J, Canty SWJ. Belize Blue Carbon: Establishing a national carbon stock estimate for mangrove ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 870:161829. [PMID: 36731558 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are among the most economically and ecologically valuable marine environments in the world. Mangroves are effective at long-term carbon storage within their sediments and are estimated to hold 12 billion metric tons of carbon worldwide. These ecosystems are therefore vitally important for carbon sequestration and, by extension, climate change mitigation. As part of the Paris Agreement, participating countries agree to provide plans to reduce their carbon emissions, or nationally determined contributions (NDCs). However, despite mangroves being recognized as important nature-based solutions, many countries still lack national data on carbon stocks and must use global or regional averages, which may not be sufficiently accurate. Here, we present the national carbon stock estimate of mangrove ecosystems for the NDC of Belize, acquired through a collaborative approach involving government agencies and NGOs. We conducted a comprehensive sampling of mangroves across the country, including a range of mangrove ecotypes. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock (TECS) for the nation was 444.1 ± 21.0 Mg C ha-1, with 74.4 ± 6.2 Mg C ha-1 in biomass stocks, and 369.7 ± 17.7 Mg C ha-1 in sediment stocks. Combining these data with a recent mapping effort, we provide the first national comprehensive mangrove carbon stock estimate of 25.7 Tg C. The national mean from this study varies from previous global analyses, which can under- or overestimate TECS by as much as 0.6 Tg C and 16.5 Tg C, respectively, depending on the study. These data supported the NDC update of Belize, and can be used to inform the country's mangrove protection and restoration commitments. The collaborative approach of this work should serve as a blueprint for other countries seeking to conserve natural blue carbon sinks as a strategy to achieve their climate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah K Morrissette
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Working Land and Seascapes, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
| | - Stacy K Baez
- The Pew Charitable Trusts, 901 E St. NW, Washington, DC 20004, USA.
| | - Lisa Beers
- Silvestrum Climate Associates LLC, 1 Lower Crescent Ave, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA.
| | - Nadia Bood
- World Wildlife Fund Mesoamerica (Belize Field Office), 1154 Sunrise Avenue, Belize City, Belize.
| | - Ninon D Martinez
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Kevin Novelo
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Gilbert Andrews
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Luis Balan
- Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - C Scott Beers
- Silvestrum Climate Associates LLC, 1 Lower Crescent Ave, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA
| | | | - Reynel Blanco
- Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development, 329 Lagunita Street, Sarteneja Village, Corozal District, Belize.
| | - Eeryn Bowden
- Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, 1 Mile San Antonio Rd., Hopeville, Belize.
| | | | | | - Luis Chevez
- World Wildlife Fund Mesoamerica (Belize Field Office), 1154 Sunrise Avenue, Belize City, Belize.
| | - Stephen Crooks
- Silvestrum Climate Associates LLC, 1 Lower Crescent Ave, Sausalito, CA 94965, USA.
| | - Ilka C Feller
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
| | - Galento Galvez
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Kent Garbutt
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Ronny Gongora
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | | | - Jonathan Lefcheck
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA.
| | - Alwyn Mahung
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Colin Mattis
- National Climate Change Office, 7552 Hummingbird Highway, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Tre McKoy
- Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Daniel McLaughlin
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Johan Meza
- Corozal Sustainable Future Initiative, Chunox Sarteneja Road, Corozal, Belize
| | - Edwardo Pott
- Belize Forest Department, Forest Drive, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Genevieve Ramirez
- Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, 1 Mile San Antonio Rd., Hopeville, Belize.
| | - Vivian Ramnarace
- Belize Fisheries Department, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Anthony Rash
- Toledo Institute for Development and Environment, 1 Mile San Antonio Rd., Hopeville, Belize.
| | - Samir Rosado
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Honorio Santos
- Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development, 329 Lagunita Street, Sarteneja Village, Corozal District, Belize
| | - Leomir Santoya
- Sarteneja Alliance for Conservation and Development, 329 Lagunita Street, Sarteneja Village, Corozal District, Belize
| | - Wilson Sosa
- Corozal Sustainable Future Initiative, Chunox Sarteneja Road, Corozal, Belize.
| | - Gabriela Ugarte
- University of Belize Environmental Research Institute, Price Centre Road, Belmopan, Belize.
| | - Jose Viamil
- Corozal Sustainable Future Initiative, Chunox Sarteneja Road, Corozal, Belize.
| | - Arlene Young
- Coastal Zone Management Authority and Institute, Princess Margaret Drive, Belize City, Belize
| | - Jayron Young
- Turneffe Atoll Sustainability Association, 62 Bella Vista, Belize City, Belize
| | - Steven W J Canty
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, 647 Contees Wharf Road, Edgewater, MD 21037, USA; Smithsonian Marine Station, 701 Seaway Drive, Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA; Working Land and Seascapes, 1000 Jefferson Drive SW, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA.
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Garthe S, Schwemmer H, Peschko V, Markones N, Müller S, Schwemmer P, Mercker M. Large-scale effects of offshore wind farms on seabirds of high conservation concern. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4779. [PMID: 37055415 PMCID: PMC10102167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31601-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The North Sea is a key area worldwide for the installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs). We analysed data from multiple sources to quantify the effects of OWFs on seabirds from the family Gaviidae (loons) in the German North Sea. The distribution and abundance of loons changed substantially from the period before to the period after OWF construction. Densities of loons were significantly reduced at distances of up to 9-12 km from the OWF footprints. Abundance declined by 94% within the OWF + 1 km zone and by 52% within the OWF + 10 km zone. The observed redistribution was a large-scale effect, with birds aggregating within the study area at large distances from the OWFs. Although renewable energies will be needed to provide a large share of our energy demands in the future, it is necessary to minimize the costs in terms of less-adaptable species, to avoid amplifying the biodiversity crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Garthe
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany.
| | - Henriette Schwemmer
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
- Federation of German Avifaunists (DDA), Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Verena Peschko
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Nele Markones
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
- Federation of German Avifaunists (DDA), Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Sabine Müller
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Philipp Schwemmer
- Research and Technology Centre (FTZ), Kiel University, Hafentörn 1, 25761, Büsum, Germany
| | - Moritz Mercker
- Bionum GmbH - Consultants in Biostatistics, Finkenwerder Norderdeich 15 A, 21129, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Applied Mathematics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sarzo B, Martínez-Minaya J, Pennino MG, Conesa D, Coll M. Modelling seabirds biodiversity through Bayesian Spatial Beta regression models: A proxy to inform marine protected areas in the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 185:105860. [PMID: 36680810 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are bioindicators of marine ecosystems health and one of the world's most endangered avian groups. The creation of marine protected areas plays an important role in the conservation of marine environment and its biodiversity. The distributions of top predators, as seabirds, have been commonly used for the management and creation of these figures of protection. The main objective of this study is to investigate seabirds biodiversity distribution in the Mediterranean Sea through the use of Bayesian spatial Beta regression models. We used an extensive historical database of at-sea locations of 19 different seabird species as well as geophysical, climatology variables and cumulative anthropogenic threats to model species biodiversity. We found negative associations between seabirds biodiversity and distance to the coast as well as concavity of the seabed, and positive with chlorophyll and slope. Further, a positive association was found between seabirds biodiversity and coastal impact. In this study we define as hot spot of seabird biodiversity those areas with a posterior predictive mean over 0.50. We found potential hot spots in the Mediterranean Sea which do not overlap with the existing MPASs and marine IBAs. Specifically, our hot spots areas do not overlap with the 52.04% and 16.87% of the current MPAs and marine IBAs, respectively. Overall, our study highlights the need for the extension of spatial prioritization of conservation areas to seabirds biodiversity, addressing the challenges of establishing transboundary governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Sarzo
- Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Valencia, 46100, Spain; School of Mathematics and Maxwell Institute for Mathematical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Joaquín Martínez-Minaya
- Department of Applied Statistics and Operational Research, and Quality, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, 46022, Spain.
| | - Maria Grazia Pennino
- Spanish Oceanographic Institute (IEO, CSIC), Centro Oceanográfico de Madrid, 28002, Madrid, Spain.
| | - David Conesa
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Valencia, Burjasot, Valencia, 46100, Spain.
| | - Marta Coll
- Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) and Ecopath International Initiative (EII), Barcelona, 08003, Spain.
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Simeoni C, Furlan E, Pham HV, Critto A, de Juan S, Trégarot E, Cornet CC, Meesters E, Fonseca C, Botelho AZ, Krause T, N'Guetta A, Cordova FE, Failler P, Marcomini A. Evaluating the combined effect of climate and anthropogenic stressors on marine coastal ecosystems: Insights from a systematic review of cumulative impact assessment approaches. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160687. [PMID: 36473660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cumulative impacts increasingly threaten marine and coastal ecosystems. To address this issue, the research community has invested efforts on designing and testing different methodological approaches and tools that apply cumulative impact appraisal schemes for a sound evaluation of the complex interactions and dynamics among multiple pressures affecting marine and coastal ecosystems. Through an iterative scientometric and systematic literature review, this paper provides the state of the art of cumulative impact assessment approaches and applications. It gives a specific attention to cutting-edge approaches that explore and model inter-relations among climatic and anthropogenic pressures, vulnerability and resilience of marine and coastal ecosystems to these pressures, and the resulting changes in ecosystem services flow. Despite recent advances in computer sciences and the rising availability of big data for environmental monitoring and management, this literature review evidenced that the implementation of advanced complex system methods for cumulative risk assessment remains limited. Moreover, experts have only recently started integrating ecosystem services flow into cumulative impact appraisal frameworks, but more as a general assessment endpoint within the overall evaluation process (e.g. changes in the bundle of ecosystem services against cumulative impacts). The review also highlights a lack of integrated approaches and complex tools able to frame, explain, and model spatio-temporal dynamics of marine and coastal ecosystems' response to multiple pressures, as required under relevant EU legislation (e.g., Water Framework and Marine Strategy Framework Directives). Progress in understanding cumulative impacts, exploiting the functionalities of more sophisticated machine learning-based approaches (e.g., big data integration), will support decision-makers in the achievement of environmental and sustainability objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Simeoni
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, I-30170 Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici and Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, CMCC@Ca'Foscari - Edificio Porta dell'Innovazione, 2nd floor - Via della Libertà, 12 - 30175 Venice, Italy
| | - Elisa Furlan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, I-30170 Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici and Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, CMCC@Ca'Foscari - Edificio Porta dell'Innovazione, 2nd floor - Via della Libertà, 12 - 30175 Venice, Italy
| | - Hung Vuong Pham
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, I-30170 Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici and Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, CMCC@Ca'Foscari - Edificio Porta dell'Innovazione, 2nd floor - Via della Libertà, 12 - 30175 Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Critto
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, I-30170 Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici and Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, CMCC@Ca'Foscari - Edificio Porta dell'Innovazione, 2nd floor - Via della Libertà, 12 - 30175 Venice, Italy.
| | - Silvia de Juan
- Instituto Mediterraneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), Miquel Marques 21, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Ewan Trégarot
- Centre for Blue Governance, Portsmouth Business School, University of Portsmouth, Richmond Building, Portland Street, Portsmouth PO1 3DE, UK
| | - Cindy C Cornet
- Centre for Blue Governance, Portsmouth Business School, University of Portsmouth, Richmond Building, Portland Street, Portsmouth PO1 3DE, UK
| | - Erik Meesters
- Wageningen Marine Research, Wageningen University and Research, 1781, AG, Den Helder, the Netherlands; Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University and Research, 6700, AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Catarina Fonseca
- cE3c - Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Azorean Biodiversity Group, CHANGE - Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Rua da Mãe de Deus, 9500-321, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CICS.NOVA - Interdisciplinary Centre of Social Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities (FCSH/NOVA), Avenida de Berna 26-C, Lisboa 1069-061, Portugal
| | - Andrea Zita Botelho
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal; CIBIO (CIBIO - Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBio Associate Laboratory, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - Torsten Krause
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, P.O. Box 170, 221-00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Alicia N'Guetta
- Lund University Centre for Sustainability Studies, P.O. Box 170, 221-00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Pierre Failler
- Centre for Blue Governance, Portsmouth Business School, University of Portsmouth, Richmond Building, Portland Street, Portsmouth PO1 3DE, UK
| | - Antonio Marcomini
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University Ca' Foscari Venice, I-30170 Venice, Italy; Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici and Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, CMCC@Ca'Foscari - Edificio Porta dell'Innovazione, 2nd floor - Via della Libertà, 12 - 30175 Venice, Italy
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Sobczyk R, Serigstad B, Pabis K. High polychaete diversity in the Gulf of Guinea (West African continental margin): The influence of local and intermediate scale ecological factors on a background of regional patterns. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 859:160046. [PMID: 36356769 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Tropical East Atlantic is one of the least studied areas in the world's oceans, and thus a blank spot on the map of marine studies. Shaped by dynamic currents and shifting water masses, it is a key region in discussions about marine ecology, biodiversity, and zoogeography, while facing numerous, poorly understood, and unmonitored threats associated with climate change, acidification, and pollution. Polychaete diversity was assessed along four transects along the Ghana coast, from shallow to deep bottoms and distributed along the whole upwelling marine ecoregion. Despite high sampling effort, steep species accumulation curves demonstrated the necessity of further sampling in the region. We observed zonation of fauna by depth, and a decrease in species richness from 25 m to 1000 m depth. Polychaete communities were influenced by sediment type, presence of oxygen minimum zones, and local disturbances caused by elevated barium concentrations. Similar evenness along the depth gradient reflected the importance of rare species in the community structure. Differences in phylogenetic diversity, as reflected by taxonomic distinctness, were small, which suggested high ecosystem stability. The highly variable species richness at small scale (meters) showed the importance of ecological factors giving rise to microhabitat diversity, although we also noticed intermediate scale (50-300 km) differences affecting community structure. About 44 % of the species were rare (i.e. recorded only in three or fewer samples), highlighting the level of patchiness, while one fifth was distributed on all transects, therefore along the whole upwelling ecoregion, demonstrating the influence of the regional species pool on local communities at particular stations. Our study yielded 253 species, increasing the number of polychaetes known from this region by at least 50 %. This casts doubt on previous findings regarding Atlantic bioregionalization, biodiversity estimates and endemism, which appear to have been more pronouncedly affected by sampling bias than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sobczyk
- Department of Invertebrates Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bjorn Serigstad
- Center for Development Cooperation in Fisheries, Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krzysztof Pabis
- Department of Invertebrates Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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38
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Sura SA, Gehris CG, Liang MY, Lim AN, Fong P. Press versus pulse nutrient supply and species interactions mediate growth of coral reef macroalgae. OIKOS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.09716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shayna A. Sura
- Univ. of California Los Angeles, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Los Angeles CA USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab Dauphin Island AL USA
| | - Connor G. Gehris
- Univ. of California Los Angeles, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Michelle Y. Liang
- Univ. of California Los Angeles, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Alexandra N. Lim
- Univ. of California Los Angeles, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Los Angeles CA USA
| | - Peggy Fong
- Univ. of California Los Angeles, Dept of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Los Angeles CA USA
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Virtanen EA, Kallio N, Nurmi M, Jernberg S, Saikkonen L, Forsblom L. Recreational land use contributes to the loss of marine biodiversity. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elina A. Virtanen
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
- Finnish Natural History Museum University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Niko Kallio
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Marco Nurmi
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Susanna Jernberg
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Liisa Saikkonen
- Freshwater Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
| | - Louise Forsblom
- Marine Research Centre Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE) Helsinki Finland
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Lee K, Alava JJ, Cottrell P, Cottrell L, Grace R, Zysk I, Raverty S. Emerging Contaminants and New POPs (PFAS and HBCDD) in Endangered Southern Resident and Bigg's (Transient) Killer Whales ( Orcinus orca): In Utero Maternal Transfer and Pollution Management Implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:360-374. [PMID: 36512803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Killer whales (Orcinus orca) have been deemed one of the most contaminated cetacean species in the world. However, concentrations and potential health implications of selected 'contaminants of emerging concern' (CECs) and new persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in endangered Southern Resident and threatened Bigg's (Transient) killer whales in the Northeastern Pacific (NEP) have not yet been documented. Here, we quantify CECs [alkylphenols (APs), triclosan, methyl triclosan, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] and new POPs [hexabromocyclododecane (HBCCD), PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS] in skeletal muscle and liver samples of these sentinel species and investigate in utero transfer of these contaminants. Samples were collected from necropsied individuals from 2006 to 2018 and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or HRBC/HRMS. AP and PFAS contaminants were the most prevalent compounds; 4-nonylphenol (4NP) was the predominant AP (median 40.84 ng/g ww), and interestingly, 7:3-fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA) was the primary PFAS (median 66.35 ng/g ww). Maternal transfer ratios indicated 4NP as the most transferred contaminant from the dam to the fetus, with maternal transfer rates as high as 95.1%. Although too few killer whales have been screened for CECs and new POPs to infer the magnitude of contamination impact, these results raise concerns regarding pathological implications and potential impacts on fetal development and production of a viable neonate. This study outlines CEC and new POP concentrations in killer whales of the NEP and provides scientifically derived evidence to support and inform regulation to mitigate pollutant sources and contamination of Southern Resident killer whale critical habitat and other marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiah Lee
- Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Juan José Alava
- Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Paul Cottrell
- Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, 401 Burrard Street, Vancouver V6C 3S4, Canada
| | - Lauren Cottrell
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Cunningham Building 202, Victoria V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Richard Grace
- SGS AXYS Analytical Services Ltd, 2045 Mills Road W, Sidney V8L 5X2, Canada
| | - Ivona Zysk
- SGS AXYS Analytical Services Ltd, 2045 Mills Road W, Sidney V8L 5X2, Canada
| | - Stephen Raverty
- Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, 1767 Angus Campbell Road, Abbotsford V3G 2M3, Canada
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41
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Shea MM, Kuppermann J, Rogers MP, Smith DS, Edwards P, Boehm AB. Systematic review of marine environmental DNA metabarcoding studies: toward best practices for data usability and accessibility. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14993. [PMID: 36992947 PMCID: PMC10042160 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The emerging field of environmental DNA (eDNA) research lacks universal guidelines for ensuring data produced are FAIR-findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable-despite growing awareness of the importance of such practices. In order to better understand these data usability challenges, we systematically reviewed 60 peer reviewed articles conducting a specific subset of eDNA research: metabarcoding studies in marine environments. For each article, we characterized approximately 90 features across several categories: general article attributes and topics, methodological choices, types of metadata included, and availability and storage of sequence data. Analyzing these characteristics, we identified several barriers to data accessibility, including a lack of common context and vocabulary across the articles, missing metadata, supplementary information limitations, and a concentration of both sample collection and analysis in the United States. While some of these barriers require significant effort to address, we also found many instances where small choices made by authors and journals could have an outsized influence on the discoverability and reusability of data. Promisingly, articles also showed consistency and creativity in data storage choices as well as a strong trend toward open access publishing. Our analysis underscores the need to think critically about data accessibility and usability as marine eDNA metabarcoding studies, and eDNA projects more broadly, continue to proliferate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan M. Shea
- Emmett Interdisciplinary Program in Environment & Resources (E-IPER), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Jacob Kuppermann
- Earth Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Megan P. Rogers
- Program in Human Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Dustin Summer Smith
- Earth Systems Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Paul Edwards
- Program in Science, Technology and Society, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexandria B. Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States of America
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Petsas P, Tzivanopoulou M, Doxa A, Sailley SF, Mazaris AD. Climate change on sea currents is not expected to alter contemporary migration routes of loggerhead sea turtles. Ecol Modell 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Halpern BS, Boettiger C, Dietze MC, Gephart JA, Gonzalez P, Grimm NB, Groffman PM, Gurevitch J, Hobbie SE, Komatsu KJ, Kroeker KJ, Lahr HJ, Lodge DM, Lortie CJ, Lowndes JSS, Micheli F, Possingham HP, Ruckelshaus MH, Scarborough C, Wood CL, Wu GC, Aoyama L, Arroyo EE, Bahlai CA, Beller EE, Blake RE, Bork KS, Branch TA, Brown NEM, Brun J, Bruna EM, Buckley LB, Burnett JL, Castorani MCN, Cheng SH, Cohen SC, Couture JL, Crowder LB, Dee LE, Dias AS, Diaz‐Maroto IJ, Downs MR, Dudney JC, Ellis EC, Emery KA, Eurich JG, Ferriss BE, Fredston A, Furukawa H, Gagné SA, Garlick SR, Garroway CJ, Gaynor KM, González AL, Grames EM, Guy‐Haim T, Hackett E, Hallett LM, Harms TK, Haulsee DE, Haynes KJ, Hazen EL, Jarvis RM, Jones K, Kandlikar GS, Kincaid DW, Knope ML, Koirala A, Kolasa J, Kominoski JS, Koricheva J, Lancaster LT, Lawlor JA, Lowman HE, Muller‐Karger FE, Norman KEA, Nourn N, O'Hara CC, Ou SX, Padilla‐Gamino JL, Pappalardo P, Peek RA, Pelletier D, Plont S, Ponisio LC, Portales‐Reyes C, Provete DB, Raes EJ, Ramirez‐Reyes C, Ramos I, Record S, Richardson AJ, Salguero‐Gómez R, Satterthwaite EV, Schmidt C, Schwartz AJ, See CR, Shea BD, Smith RS, Sokol ER, Solomon CT, Spanbauer T, Stefanoudis PV, Sterner BW, Sudbrack V, Tonkin JD, Townes AR, Valle M, Walter JA, Wheeler KI, Wieder WR, Williams DR, Winter M, Winterova B, Woodall LC, Wymore AS, Youngflesh C. Priorities for synthesis research in ecology and environmental science. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Carl Boettiger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Michael C. Dietze
- Department of Earth & Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jessica A. Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science American University Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Patrick Gonzalez
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California USA
- Institute for Parks, People, and Biodiversity University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Nancy B. Grimm
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Peter M. Groffman
- City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center New York New York USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York USA
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | | | - Kristy J. Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Heather J. Lahr
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - David M. Lodge
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Christopher J. Lortie
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Julie S. S. Lowndes
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Courtney Scarborough
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Grace C. Wu
- Environmental Studies University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Lina Aoyama
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Eva E. Arroyo
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology New York New York USA
| | | | - Erin E. Beller
- Real Estate and Workplace Services Sustainability Team Google Inc. Mountain View California USA
| | | | | | - Trevor A. Branch
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Norah E. M. Brown
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Julien Brun
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jessica L. Burnett
- Core Science Systems Science Analytics and Synthesis U.S. Geological Survey, 8th and Kipling, Denver Federal Center Lakewood Colorado USA
| | - Max C. N. Castorani
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Samantha H. Cheng
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA
| | - Sarah C. Cohen
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center, Biology Department San Francisco State University San Francisco California USA
| | | | - Larry B. Crowder
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Laura E. Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Arildo S. Dias
- Department of Physical Geography (IPG) Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt (Campus Riedberg) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Martha R. Downs
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Joan C. Dudney
- Department of Plant Sciences UC Davis Davis California USA
| | - Erle C. Ellis
- Geography & Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kyle A. Emery
- Department of Geography UC Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - Bridget E. Ferriss
- Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Seattle Washington USA
| | - Alexa Fredston
- Department of Ocean Sciences University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Hikaru Furukawa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Sara A. Gagné
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | | | - Colin J. Garroway
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Angélica L. González
- Department of Biology & Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers University Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Eliza M. Grames
- Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | - Tamar Guy‐Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR) Haifa Israel
| | - Ed Hackett
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Lauren M. Hallett
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Tamara K. Harms
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | - Danielle E. Haulsee
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Kyle J. Haynes
- Blandy Experimental Farm University of Virginia Boyce Virginia USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Rebecca M. Jarvis
- School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Gaurav S. Kandlikar
- Division of Biological Sciences & Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Dustin W. Kincaid
- Vermont EPSCoR and Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Matthew L. Knope
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i at Hilo Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Anil Koirala
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Jurek Kolasa
- Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - John S. Kominoski
- Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Surrey UK
| | | | - Jake A. Lawlor
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Heili E. Lowman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | | | - Kari E. A. Norman
- Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Nan Nourn
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Casey C. O'Hara
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Suzanne X. Ou
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | | | - Paula Pappalardo
- Marine Invasions Laboratory Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Tiburon California USA
| | - Ryan A. Peek
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis California USA
| | - Dominique Pelletier
- UMR DECOD, HALGO, Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Lorient France
| | - Stephen Plont
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Lauren C. Ponisio
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | | | - Diogo B. Provete
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - Eric J. Raes
- Minderoo Foundation, Flourishing Oceans Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Irene Ramos
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology University of Maine Orono Maine USA
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | | | - Erin V. Satterthwaite
- California Sea Grant Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Chloé Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Aaron J. Schwartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Craig R. See
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Brendan D. Shea
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Rachel S. Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Eric R. Sokol
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Trisha Spanbauer
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Lake Erie Center University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | | | | | - Vitor Sudbrack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D. Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Ashley R. Townes
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Mireia Valle
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Sukarrieta Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Walter
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis California USA
| | - Kathryn I. Wheeler
- Department of Earth & Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - William R. Wieder
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, Terrestrial Sciences Section National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David R. Williams
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Barbora Winterova
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lucy C. Woodall
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Adam S. Wymore
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Casey Youngflesh
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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Handley JM, Harte E, Stanworth A, Poncet S, Catry P, Cleminson S, Crofts S, Dias M. Progressing delineations of key biodiversity areas for seabirds, and their application to management of coastal seas. DIVERS DISTRIB 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Harte
- Falklands Conservation Stanley Falkland (Malvinas) Islands UK
| | | | - Sally Poncet
- The Antarctic Research Trust Stanley Falkland (Malvinas) Islands UK
| | - Paulo Catry
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA – Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
| | - Sacha Cleminson
- RSPB Centre for Conservation Science Royal Society for the Protection of Birds Sandy UK
| | - Sarah Crofts
- Falklands Conservation Stanley Falkland (Malvinas) Islands UK
| | - Maria Dias
- BirdLife International Cambridge UK
- MARE – Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre ISPA – Instituto Universitário Lisbon Portugal
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa Lisbon Portugal
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Pinhassi J, Farnelid H, García SM, Teira E, Galand PE, Obernosterer I, Quince C, Vila-Costa M, Gasol JM, Lundin D, Andersson AF, Labrenz M, Riemann L. Functional responses of key marine bacteria to environmental change – toward genetic counselling for coastal waters. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:869093. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.869093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems deteriorate globally due to human-induced stress factors, like nutrient loading and pollution. Bacteria are critical to marine ecosystems, e.g., by regulating nutrient cycles, synthesizing vitamins, or degrading pollutants, thereby providing essential ecosystem services ultimately affecting economic activities. Yet, until now bacteria are overlooked both as mediators and indicators of ecosystem health, mainly due to methodological limitations in assessing bacterial ecosystem functions. However, these limitations are largely overcome by the advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics methods for characterizing the genetics that underlie functional traits of key bacterial populations – “key” in providing important ecosystem services, being abundant, or by possessing high metabolic rates. It is therefore timely to analyze and define the functional responses of bacteria to human-induced effects on coastal ecosystem health. We posit that categorizing the responses of key marine bacterial populations to changes in environmental conditions through modern microbial oceanography methods will allow establishing the nascent field of genetic counselling for our coastal waters. This requires systematic field studies of linkages between functional traits of key bacterial populations and their ecosystem functions in coastal seas, complemented with systematic experimental analyses of the responses to different stressors. Research and training in environmental management along with dissemination of results and dialogue with societal actors are equally important to ensure the role of bacteria is understood as fundamentally important for coastal ecosystems. Using the responses of microorganisms as a tool to develop genetic counselling for coastal ecosystems can ultimately allow for integrating bacteria as indicators of environmental change.
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46
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Ostrowski A, Connolly RM, Brown CJ, Sievers M. Fluctuating fortunes: Stressor synchronicity and fluctuating intensity influence biological impacts. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2611-2623. [PMID: 36217804 PMCID: PMC9828260 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems remain under enormous pressure from multiple anthropogenic stressors. Manipulative experiments evaluating stressor interactions and impacts mostly apply stressors under static conditions without considering how variable stressor intensity (i.e. fluctuations) and synchronicity (i.e. timing of fluctuations) affect biological responses. We ask how variable stressor intensity and synchronicity, and interaction type, can influence how multiple stressors affect seagrass. At the highest intensities, fluctuating stressors applied asynchronously reduced seagrass biomass 36% more than for static stressors, yet no such difference occurred for photosynthetic capacity. Testing three separate hypotheses to predict underlying drivers of differences in biological responses highlighted alternative modes of action dependent on how stressors fluctuated over time. Given that environmental conditions are constantly changing, assessing static stressors may lead to inaccurate predictions of cumulative effects. Translating multiple stressor experiments to the real world, therefore, requires considering variability in stressor intensity and the synchronicity of fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andria Ostrowski
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Rod M. Connolly
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Christopher J. Brown
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Michael Sievers
- Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and ScienceGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
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Modelling the Mediterranean Sea ecosystem at high spatial resolution to inform the ecosystem-based management in the region. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19680. [PMID: 36385268 PMCID: PMC9669036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18017-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cumulative pressures are rapidly expanding in the Mediterranean Sea with consequences for marine biodiversity and marine resources, and the services they provide. Policy makers urge for a marine ecosystem assessment of the region in space and time. This study evaluates how the whole Mediterranean food web may have responded to historical changes in the climate, environment and fisheries, through the use of an ecosystem modelling over a long time span (decades) at high spatial resolution (8 × 8 km), to inform regional and sub-regional management. Results indicate coastal and shelf areas to be the sites with highest marine biodiversity and marine resources biomass, which decrease towards the south-eastern regions. High levels of total catches and discards are predicted to be concentrated in the Western sub-basin and the Adriatic Sea. Mean spatial-temporal changes of total and commercial biomass show increases in offshore waters of the region, while biodiversity indicators show marginal changes. Total catches and discards increase greatly in offshore waters of the Western and Eastern sub-basins. Spatial patterns and temporal mean changes of marine biodiversity, community biomasses and trophic indices, assessed in this study, aim at identifying areas and food web components that show signs of deterioration with the overall goal of assisting policy makers in designing and implementing spatial management actions for the region.
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48
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Casal-Porras I, de Los Santos CB, Martins M, Santos R, Pérez-Lloréns JL, Brun FG. Sedimentary organic carbon and nitrogen stocks of intertidal seagrass meadows in a dynamic and impacted wetland: Effects of coastal infrastructure constructions and meadow establishment time. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 322:115841. [PMID: 36049302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Seagrass meadows, through their large capacity to sequester and store organic carbon in their sediments, contribute to mitigate climatic change. However, these ecosystems have experienced large losses and degradation worldwide due to anthropogenic and natural impacts and they are among the most threatened ecosystems on Earth. When a meadow is impacted, the vegetation is partial- or completely lost, and the sediment is exposed to the atmosphere or water column, resulting in the erosion and remineralisation of the carbon stored. This paper addresses the effects of the construction of coastal infrastructures on sediment properties, organic carbon, and total nitrogen stocks of intertidal seagrass meadows, as well as the size of such stocks in relation to meadow establishing time (recently and old established meadows). Three intertidal seagrass meadows impacted by coastal constructions (with 0% seagrass cover at present) and three adjacent non-impacted old-established meadows (with 100% seagrass cover at present) were studied along with an area of bare sediment and two recent-established seagrass meadows. We observed that the non-impacted areas presented 3-fold higher percentage of mud and 1.5 times higher sedimentary organic carbon stock than impacted areas. Although the impacted area was relatively small (0.05-0.07 ha), coastal infrastructures caused a significant reduction of the sedimentary carbon stock, between 1.1 and 2.2 Mg OC, and a total loss of the carbon sequestration capacity of the impacted meadow. We also found that the organic carbon stock and total nitrogen stock of the recent-established meadow were 30% lower than those of the old-established ones, indicating that OC and TN accumulation within the meadows is a continuous process, which has important consequences for conservation and restoration actions. These results contribute to understanding the spatial variability of blue carbon and nitrogen stocks in coastal systems highly impacted by urban development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Casal-Porras
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain.
| | | | - Márcio Martins
- Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rui Santos
- Centre of Marine Sciences of Algarve (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - J Lucas Pérez-Lloréns
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Fernando G Brun
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
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Sievers M, Brown CJ, Buelow CA, Hale R, Ostrowski A, Saunders MI, Silliman BR, Swearer SE, Turschwell MP, Valdez SR, Connolly RM. Greater Consideration of Animals Will Enhance Coastal Restoration Outcomes. Bioscience 2022; 72:1088-1098. [PMID: 36325106 PMCID: PMC9618274 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biac088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
As efforts to restore coastal habitats accelerate, it is critical that investments are targeted to most effectively mitigate and reverse habitat loss and its impacts on biodiversity. One likely but largely overlooked impediment to effective restoration of habitat-forming organisms is failing to explicitly consider non-habitat-forming animals in restoration planning, implementation, and monitoring. These animals can greatly enhance or degrade ecosystem function, persistence, and resilience. Bivalves, for instance, can reduce sulfide stress in seagrass habitats and increase drought tolerance of saltmarsh vegetation, whereas megaherbivores can detrimentally overgraze seagrass or improve seagrass seed germination, depending on the context. Therefore, understanding when, why, and how to directly manipulate or support animals can enhance coastal restoration outcomes. In support of this expanded restoration approach, we provide a conceptual framework, incorporating lessons from structured decision-making, and describe potential actions that could lead to better restoration outcomes using case studies to illustrate practical approaches.
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50
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Zhao Y, Wang R, Zhang E, Guan B, Xu M. Aquatic ecosystem responds differently to press and pulse nutrient disturbances as revealed by a microcosm experiment. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9438. [PMID: 36284519 PMCID: PMC9587460 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to climate change and increasing anthropogenic activities, lakes are disturbed frequently, usually by press (e.g., diffused pollution, rising temperatures) or pulse (e.g., storms, rainfall, pollution events) disturbances. Both press and pulse disturbances can affect abiotic and biotic environments, changing the structure of ecosystems and affecting ecosystem services. To confront with the effects of climate change and increasing anthropogenic activities, understanding the different effects of press and pulse disturbances on lake ecosystems is essential. This study assessed the effect of press and pulse disturbances of phosphorus on a microcosmic aquatic ecosystem by measuring the total phosphorus (TP), algae density, and physiological indicators of submerged macrophytes. We found that the microcosmic aquatic ecosystem responded differently to press and pulse disturbances. Our results suggested that it had a lower resistance to pulse phosphorus disturbances than to press phosphorus disturbances. There were significantly higher nutrient concentrations and algal densities in the pulse treatment than in the press treatment. Positive feedback was found between the biomass of submerged macrophytes and the water quality. There was a higher submerged macrophytes biomass at low TP concentration and algal density. In the context of climate change, press and pulse disturbances could have severe impacts on lake ecosystems. Our findings will provide some insight for further research and lake management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina,University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Enlou Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Baohua Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
| | - Min Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and EnvironmentNanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjingChina
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