1
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Shamsuzzaman S, Deaton RA, Salamon A, Doviak H, Serbulea V, Milosek VM, Evans MA, Karnewar S, Saibaba S, Alencar GF, Shankman LS, Walsh K, Bekiranov S, Kocher O, Krieger M, Kull B, Persson M, Michaëlsson E, Bergenhem N, Heydarkhan-Hagvall S, Owens GK. Novel Mouse Model of Myocardial Infarction, Plaque Rupture, and Stroke Shows Improved Survival With Myeloperoxidase Inhibition. Circulation 2024; 150:687-705. [PMID: 38881440 PMCID: PMC11347105 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.123.067931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolic events, including myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, caused by the rupture or erosion of unstable atherosclerotic plaques are the leading cause of death worldwide. Although most mouse models of atherosclerosis develop lesions in the aorta and carotid arteries, they do not develop advanced coronary artery lesions. Moreover, they do not undergo spontaneous plaque rupture with MI and stroke or do so at such a low frequency that they are not viable experimental models to study late-stage thrombotic events or to identify novel therapeutic approaches for treating atherosclerotic disease. This has stymied the development of more effective therapeutic approaches for reducing these events beyond what has been achieved with aggressive lipid lowering. Here, we describe a diet-inducible mouse model that develops widespread advanced atherosclerosis in coronary, brachiocephalic, and carotid arteries with plaque rupture, MI, and stroke. METHODS We characterized a novel mouse model with a C-terminal mutation in the scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-BI), combined with Ldlr knockout (designated SR-BI∆CT/∆CT/Ldlr-/-). Mice were fed Western diet (WD) for 26 weeks and analyzed for MI and stroke. Coronary, brachiocephalic, and carotid arteries were analyzed for atherosclerotic lesions and indices of plaque stability. To validate the utility of this model, SR-BI∆CT/∆CT/Ldlr-/- mice were treated with the drug candidate AZM198, which inhibits myeloperoxidase, an enzyme produced by activated neutrophils that predicts rupture of human atherosclerotic lesions. RESULTS SR-BI∆CT/∆CT/Ldlr-/- mice show high (>80%) mortality rates after 26 weeks of WD feeding because of major adverse cardiovascular events, including spontaneous plaque rupture with MI and stroke. Moreover, WD-fed SR-BI∆CT/∆CT/Ldlr-/- mice displayed elevated circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and increased neutrophil extracellular trap formation within lesions compared with control mice. Treatment of WD-fed SR-BI∆CT/∆CT/Ldlr-/- mice with AZM198 showed remarkable benefits, including >90% improvement in survival and >60% decrease in the incidence of plaque rupture, MI, and stroke, in conjunction with decreased circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and reduced neutrophil extracellular trap formation within lesions. CONCLUSIONS WD-fed SR-BI∆CT/∆CT/Ldlr-/- mice more closely replicate late-stage clinical events of advanced human atherosclerotic disease than previous models and can be used to identify and test potential new therapeutic agents to prevent major adverse cardiac events.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Male
- Mice
- Diet, Western/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/drug therapy
- Peroxidase/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/drug therapy
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Rupture, Spontaneous
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/metabolism
- Stroke/drug therapy
- Stroke/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohel Shamsuzzaman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Anita Salamon
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Heather Doviak
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Vlad Serbulea
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Victoria M. Milosek
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Megan A. Evans
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Subhi Saibaba
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Program in Fundamental Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- Beirne B Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Stefan Bekiranov
- Hematovascular Biology Center, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Medical Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monty Krieger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bengt Kull
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM) Bioscience Cardiovascular, AstraZeneca, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
| | - Marie Persson
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D Early Cardiovascular Renal and Metabolism (CVRM) DMPK, AstraZeneca, Mölndal 43183, Sweden
| | - Erik Michaëlsson
- Early Clinical Development, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolism, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nils Bergenhem
- Alliance Management, Business Development & Licensing, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Sepideh Heydarkhan-Hagvall
- AstraZeneca R&D, Chief Medical Office, Global Patient Safety, Pepparedsleden 1, Mölndal, SE43183, Sweden
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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2
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Che Y, Chien Y, Zhu Y, Huang X, Wu L, Ai Y, Jiang S, Li F, Chen S. GSDMD-Dependent Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Mediate Portal Vein Thrombosis and Associated Fibrosis in Cirrhosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9099. [PMID: 39201786 PMCID: PMC11354441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a challenging and controversial complication of cirrhosis. Experimental models that reproduce cirrhotic PVT and effective pharmacological therapies are limited. We aimed to investigate the nature course and mechanisms of PVT in cirrhosis. A novel PVT model was developed via two-step total portal vein ligation in healthy and thioacetamide (TAA)-cirrhotic rats. Circulating and liver-infiltrating neutrophils were isolated from individuals with cirrhosis to examine neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and explore their unique characteristics and implications in PVT-associated fibrosis in cirrhosis. We further validated macrophage-myofibroblast transition (MMT) via multiplex immunofluorescence and single-cell sequencing. In the experimental model, cirrhosis promoted PVT development and portal vein intimal thickening. Interestingly, cirrhosis promoted spontaneous resolution of PVT due to instability of thrombus structure, along with pulmonary and intrahepatic clots. NETs-MMT mediate cirrhotic PVT and PVT-associated fibrosis, including fibrotic thrombus remodeling and increased hepatic collagen deposition. Mechanistically, caspase-4-dependent activation of neutrophils and GSDMD mediated the formation of NETs. The extracellular DNA of NETs promoted TGF-β1/Smad3-driven MMT. Inhibiting GSDMD with disulfiram suppressed cirrhotic PVT and prevented associated fibrosis. The cirrhotic PVT model reflected the following three main characteristics of cirrhotic PVT: spontaneous resolution, immunothrombosis, and intimal fibrosis. Targeting NETs with GSDMD inhibitors may serve as a new therapeutic concept to treat cirrhotic PVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Che
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Youjung Chien
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuli Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoquan Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yingjie Ai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; (Y.C.); (Y.C.)
- Endoscopy Center and Endoscopy Research Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Center of Evidence-Based Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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3
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Dai Y, Junho CVC, Schieren L, Wollenhaupt J, Sluimer JC, van der Vorst EPC, Noels H. Cellular metabolism changes in atherosclerosis and the impact of comorbidities. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1446964. [PMID: 39188527 PMCID: PMC11345199 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1446964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cell activation and nutrient dysregulation are common consequences of atherosclerosis and its preceding risk factors, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. These diseases may also impact cellular metabolism and consequently cell function, and the other way around, altered cellular metabolism can impact disease development and progression through altered cell function. Understanding the contribution of altered cellular metabolism to atherosclerosis and how cellular metabolism may be altered by co-morbidities and atherosclerosis risk factors could support the development of novel strategies to lower the risk of CVD. Therefore, we briefly review disease pathogenesis and the principles of cell metabolic pathways, before detailing changes in cellular metabolism in the context of atherosclerosis and comorbidities. In the hypoxic, inflammatory and hyperlipidemic milieu of the atherosclerotic plaque riddled with oxidative stress, metabolism shifts to increase anaerobic glycolysis, the pentose-phosphate pathway and amino acid use. We elaborate on metabolic changes for macrophages, neutrophils, vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells and lymphocytes in the context of atherosclerosis and its co-morbidities hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Since causal relationships of specific key genes in a metabolic pathway can be cell type-specific and comorbidity-dependent, the impact of cell-specific metabolic changes must be thoroughly explored in vivo, with a focus on also systemic effects. When cell-specific treatments become feasible, this information will be crucial for determining the best metabolic intervention to improve atherosclerosis and its interplay with co-morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusang Dai
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Physical Examination Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Carolina Victoria Cruz Junho
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Luisa Schieren
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Wollenhaupt
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen Campus, Aachen, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heidi Noels
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Aachen-Maastricht Institute for Cardiorenal Disease (AMICARE), RWTH Aachen Campus, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
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4
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Mori M, Sakamoto A, Kawakami R, Guo L, Slenders L, Mosquera JV, Ghosh SKB, Wesseling M, Shiraki T, Bellissard A, Shah P, Weinkauf CC, Konishi T, Sato Y, Cornelissen A, Kawai K, Jinnouchi H, Xu W, Vozenilek AE, Williams D, Tanaka T, Sekimoto T, Kelly MC, Fernandez R, Grogan A, Coslet AJ, Fedotova A, Kurse A, Mokry M, Romero ME, Kolodgie FD, Pasterkamp G, Miller CL, Virmani R, Finn AV. CD163 + Macrophages Induce Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atheroma. Circ Res 2024; 135:e4-e23. [PMID: 38860377 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.324082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell phenotype switching is increasingly being recognized in atherosclerosis. However, our understanding of the exact stimuli for such cellular transformations and their significance for human atherosclerosis is still evolving. Intraplaque hemorrhage is thought to be a major contributor to plaque progression in part by stimulating the influx of CD163+ macrophages. Here, we explored the hypothesis that CD163+ macrophages cause plaque progression through the induction of proapoptotic endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) within the fibrous cap. METHODS Human coronary artery sections from CVPath's autopsy registry were selected for pathological analysis. Athero-prone ApoE-/- and ApoE-/-/CD163-/- mice were used for in vivo studies. Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-induced macrophages and human aortic endothelial cells were used for in vitro experiments. RESULTS In 107 lesions with acute coronary plaque rupture, 55% had pathological evidence of intraplaque hemorrhage in nonculprit vessels/lesions. Thinner fibrous cap, greater CD163+ macrophage accumulation, and a larger number of CD31/FSP-1 (fibroblast specific protein-1) double-positive cells and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-dUTP nick end labeling) positive cells in the fibrous cap were observed in nonculprit intraplaque hemorrhage lesions, as well as in culprit rupture sections versus nonculprit fibroatheroma sections. Human aortic endothelial cells cultured with supernatants from hemoglobin/haptoglobin-exposed macrophages showed that increased mesenchymal marker proteins (transgelin and FSP-1) while endothelial markers (VE-cadherin and CD31) were reduced, suggesting EndMT induction. Activation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa β) signaling by proinflammatory cytokines released from CD163+ macrophages directly regulated the expression of Snail, a critical transcription factor during EndMT induction. Western blot analysis for cleaved caspase-3 and microarray analysis of human aortic endothelial cells indicated that apoptosis was stimulated during CD163+ macrophage-induced EndMT. Additionally, CD163 deletion in athero-prone mice suggested that CD163 is required for EndMT and plaque progression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing from human carotid endarterectomy lesions, a population of EndMT was detected, which demonstrated significant upregulation of apoptosis-related genes. CONCLUSIONS CD163+ macrophages provoke EndMT, which may promote plaque progression through fibrous cap thinning.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Macrophages/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Mice
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Male
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Apoptosis
- Female
- Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
- Coronary Vessels/pathology
- Coronary Vessels/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Mori
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Atsushi Sakamoto
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
- Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan (A.S.)
| | - Rika Kawakami
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Lotte Slenders
- University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., M.W., M. Mokry, G.P.)
| | - Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (J.V.M., C.L.M.)
| | - Saikat Kumar B Ghosh
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Marian Wesseling
- University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., M.W., M. Mokry, G.P.)
| | - Tatsuya Shiraki
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Arielle Bellissard
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Palak Shah
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | | | - Takao Konishi
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Yu Sato
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Anne Cornelissen
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Hiroyuki Jinnouchi
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Weili Xu
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Aimee E Vozenilek
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Desiree Williams
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Takamasa Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Teruo Sekimoto
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Michael C Kelly
- Single Cell Analysis Facility, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD (M.C.K.)
| | - Raquel Fernandez
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - A J Coslet
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Alisa Fedotova
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Anjali Kurse
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., M.W., M. Mokry, G.P.)
| | - Maria E Romero
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Frank D Kolodgie
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
- University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands (L.S., M.W., M. Mokry, G.P.)
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (J.V.M., C.L.M.)
| | - Renu Virmani
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
| | - Aloke V Finn
- Department of Pathology, CVPath Institute, Inc, Gaithersburg, MD (M. Mori, A.S., R.K., L.G., S.K.B.G., T. Shiraki, A.B., P.S., T.K., Y.S., A.C., K.K., H.J., W.X., A.E.V., D.W., T.T., T. Sekimoto, R.F., A.G., A.J.C., A.F., A.K., M.E.R., F.D.K., R.V., A.V.F.)
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (A.V.F.)
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5
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Patterson MT, Xu Y, Hillman H, Osinski V, Schrank PR, Kennedy AE, Barrow F, Zhu A, Tollison S, Shekhar S, Stromnes IM, Tassi I, Wu D, Revelo XS, Binstadt BA, Williams JW. Trem2 Agonist Reprograms Foamy Macrophages to Promote Atherosclerotic Plaque Stability-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1646-1657. [PMID: 38695172 PMCID: PMC11208052 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trem2 (triggering receptor on myeloid cells 2), a surface lipid receptor, is expressed on foamy macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions and regulates cell survival, proliferation, and anti-inflammatory responses. Studies examining the role of Trem2 in atherosclerosis have shown that deletion of Trem2 leads to impaired foamy macrophage lipid uptake, proliferation, survival, and cholesterol efflux. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that administration of a Trem2 agonist antibody (AL002a) to atherogenic mice would enhance macrophage survival and decrease necrotic core formation to improve plaque stability. METHODS To model a therapeutic intervention approach, atherosclerosis-prone mice (Ldlr [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-/-) were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks, then transitioned to treatment with AL002a or isotype control for an additional 8 weeks while continuing on a high-fat diet. RESULTS AL002a-treated mice had increased lesion size in both the aortic root and whole mount aorta, which correlated with an expansion of plaque macrophage area. This expansion was due to increased macrophage survival and proliferation in plaques. Importantly, plaques from AL002a-treated mice showed improved features of plaque stability, including smaller necrotic cores, increased fibrous caps, and greater collagen deposition. Single-cell RNA sequencing of whole aorta suspensions from isotype- and AL002a-treated atherosclerotic mice revealed that Trem2 agonism dramatically altered foamy macrophage transcriptome. This included upregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and increased expression of collagen genes. In vitro studies validated that Trem2 agonism with AL002a promoted foamy macrophage oxidized low-density lipoprotein uptake, survival, and cholesterol efflux. CONCLUSIONS Trem2 agonism expands atherosclerotic plaque macrophages by promoting cell survival and proliferation but improves features of plaque stability by rewiring foamy macrophage function to enhance cholesterol efflux and collagen deposition.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/agonists
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Foam Cells/metabolism
- Foam Cells/pathology
- Foam Cells/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Male
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Diet, High-Fat
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Necrosis
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Patterson
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Yingzheng Xu
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Pediatrics (V.O., B.A.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Patricia R. Schrank
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ainsley E. Kennedy
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Fanta Barrow
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Alisha Zhu
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Samuel Tollison
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Sia Shekhar
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ingunn M. Stromnes
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology (I.M.S.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Ilaria Tassi
- Alector, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (I.T., D.W.)
- Now with Deep Apple Therapeutics, South San Francisco, CA (I.T.)
| | - Dick Wu
- Alector, Inc, South San Francisco, CA (I.T., D.W.)
| | - Xavier S. Revelo
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Bryce A. Binstadt
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Pediatrics (V.O., B.A.B.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Jesse W. Williams
- Center for Immunology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., V.O., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., I.M.S., X.S.R., B.A.B., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology (M.T.P., Y.X., H.H., P.R.S., A.E.K., F.B., A.Z., S.T., S.S., X.S.R., J.W.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
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6
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Elishaev M, Li B, Zhou A, Salim K, Leeper NJ, Francis GA, Lai C, Wang Y. Multiplex Imaging for Cell Phenotyping of Early Human Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034990. [PMID: 38842292 PMCID: PMC11255771 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.034990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies using animal models and cultured cells suggest that vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and inflammatory cytokines are important players in atherogenesis. Validating these findings in human disease is critical to designing therapeutics that target these components. Multiplex imaging is a powerful tool for characterizing cell phenotypes and microenvironments using biobanked human tissue sections. However, this technology has not been applied to human atherosclerotic lesions and needs to first be customized and validated. METHODS AND RESULTS For validation, we created an 8-plex imaging panel to distinguish foam cells from SMC and leukocyte origins on tissue sections of early human atherosclerotic lesions (n=9). The spatial distribution and characteristics of these foam cells were further analyzed to test the association between SMC phenotypes and inflammation. Consistent with previous reports using human lesions, multiplex imaging showed that foam cells of SMC origin outnumbered those of leukocyte origin and were enriched in the deep intima, where the lipids accumulate in early atherogenesis. This new technology also found that apoptosis or the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines were not more associated with foam cells than with nonfoam cells in early human lesions. More CD68+ SMCs were present among SMCs that highly expressed interleukin-1β. Highly inflamed SMCs showed a trend of increased apoptosis, whereas leukocytes expressing similar levels of cytokines were enriched in regions of extracellular matrix remodeling. CONCLUSIONS The multiplex imaging method can be applied to biobanked human tissue sections to enable proof-of-concept studies and validate theories based on animal models and cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elishaev
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Boaz Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Annie Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Kevin Salim
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
- Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Gordon A. Francis
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Chi Lai
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Division of Anatomical PathologyProvidence Health Care, St. Paul’s HospitalVancouverBCCanada
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
- Centre for Heart Lung InnovationUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
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7
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Yang B, Hang S, Xu S, Gao Y, Yu W, Zang G, Zhang L, Wang Z. Macrophage polarisation and inflammatory mechanisms in atherosclerosis: Implications for prevention and treatment. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32073. [PMID: 38873669 PMCID: PMC11170185 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterised by plaque accumulation in the arteries. Macrophages are immune cells that are crucial in the development of atherosclerosis. Macrophages can adopt different phenotypes, with the M1 phenotype promoting inflammation while the M2 phenotype counteracting it. This review focuses on the factors that drive the polarisation of M1 macrophages towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype during AS. Additionally, we explored metabolic reprogramming mechanisms and cytokines secretion by M1 macrophages. Hyperlipidaemia is widely recognised as a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Modified lipoproteins released in the presence of hyperlipidaemia can trigger the release of cytokines and recruit circulating monocytes, which adhere to the damaged endothelium and differentiate into macrophages. Macrophages engulf lipids, leading to the formation of foam cells. As atherosclerosis progresses, foam cells become the necrotic core within the atherosclerotic plaques, destabilising them and triggering ischaemic disease. Furthermore, we discuss recent research focusing on targeting macrophages or inflammatory pathways for preventive or therapeutic purposes. These include statins, PCSK9 inhibitors, and promising nanotargeted drugs. These new developments hold the potential for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and its related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Sanhua Hang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, 212300, China
| | - Siting Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Wenhua Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Guangyao Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
| | - Zhongqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, China
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8
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Xu F, Chen H, Zhou C, Zang T, Wang R, Shen S, Li C, Yu Y, Pei Z, Shen L, Qian J, Ge J. Targeting deubiquitinase OTUB1 protects vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis by modulating PDGFRβ. Front Med 2024; 18:465-483. [PMID: 38644399 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-024-1056-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic artery disease that causes various types of cardiovascular dysfunction. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), the main components of atherosclerotic plaque, switch from contractile to synthetic phenotypes during atherogenesis. Ubiquitylation is crucial in regulating VSMC phenotypes in atherosclerosis, and it can be reversely regulated by deubiquitinases. However, the specific effects of deubiquitinases on atherosclerosis have not been thoroughly elucidated. In this study, RNAi screening in human aortic smooth muscle cells was performed to explore the effects of OTU family deubiquitinases, which revealed that silencing OTUB1 inhibited PDGF-BB-stimulated VSMC phenotype switch. Further in vivo studies using Apoe-/- mice revealed that knockdown of OTUB1 in VSMCs alleviated atherosclerosis plaque burden in the advanced stage and led to a stable plaque phenotype. Moreover, VSMC proliferation and migration upon PDGF-BB stimulation could be inhibited by silencing OTUB1 in vitro. Unbiased RNA-sequencing data indicated that knocking down OTUB1 influenced VSMC differentiation, adhesion, and proliferation. Mass spectrometry of ubiquitinated protein confirmed that proteins related to cell growth and migration were differentially ubiquitylated. Mechanistically, we found that OTUB1 recognized the K707 residue ubiquitylation of PDGFRβ with its catalytic triad, thereby reducing the K48-linked ubiquitylation of PDGFRβ. Inhibiting OTUB1 in VSMCs could promote PDGFRβ degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, so it was beneficial in preventing VSMCs' phenotype switch. These findings revealed that knocking down OTUB1 ameliorated VSMCs' phenotype switch and atherosclerosis progression, indicating that OTUB1 could be a valuable translational therapeutic target in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Laboratory of Heart Valve Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Changyi Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tongtong Zang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shutong Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Chaofu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Zhiqiang Pei
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Research Unit of Cardiovascular Techniques and Devices, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine & Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine (19MC1910300), Shanghai, 200032, China.
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9
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Deaton R, Shankman LS, Benavente ED, Williams CM, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Bulut GB, Kirmani S, Baylis RA, Zunder ER, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. IL-1β Inhibition Partially Negates the Beneficial Effects of Diet-Induced Atherosclerosis Regression in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1379-1392. [PMID: 38695167 PMCID: PMC11111338 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.320800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thromboembolic events secondary to rupture or erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions is the global leading cause of death. The most common and effective means to reduce these major adverse cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and stroke, is aggressive lipid lowering via a combination of drugs and dietary modifications. However, we know little regarding the effects of reducing dietary lipids on the composition and stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the mechanisms that regulate these processes, and what therapeutic approaches might augment the benefits of lipid lowering. METHODS Smooth muscle cell lineage-tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a high-cholesterol Western diet for 18 weeks and then a zero-cholesterol standard laboratory diet for 12 weeks before treating them with an IL (interleukin)-1β or control antibody for 8 weeks. We assessed lesion size and remodeling indices, as well as the cellular composition of aortic and brachiocephalic artery lesions, indices of plaque stability, overall plaque burden, and phenotypic transitions of smooth muscle cell and other lesion cells by smooth muscle cell lineage tracing combined with single-cell RNA sequencing, cytometry by time-of-flight, and immunostaining plus high-resolution confocal microscopic z-stack analysis. RESULTS Lipid lowering by switching Apoe-/- mice from a Western diet to a standard laboratory diet reduced LDL cholesterol levels by 70% and resulted in multiple beneficial effects including reduced overall aortic plaque burden, as well as reduced intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core area. However, contrary to expectations, IL-1β antibody treatment after diet-induced reductions in lipids resulted in multiple detrimental changes including increased plaque burden and brachiocephalic artery lesion size, as well as increasedintraplaque hemorrhage, necrotic core area, and senescence as compared with IgG control antibody-treated mice. Furthermore, IL-1β antibody treatment upregulated neutrophil degranulation pathways but downregulated smooth muscle cell extracellular matrix pathways likely important for the protective fibrous cap. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, IL-1β appears to be required for the maintenance of standard laboratory diet-induced reductions in plaque burden and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Mice
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Male
- Diet, Western
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Aorta/pathology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Aortic Diseases/genetics
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/pathology
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/metabolism
- Brachiocephalic Trunk/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Rebecca Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ernest D. Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Corey M. Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gamze B. Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sara Kirmani
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eli R. Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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10
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Yu J, Liu H, Chen Y, Wang L, Chen P, Zhao Y, Ou C, Chen W, Hu J, Wang Y, Wang Y. miR-449a disturbs atherosclerotic plaque stability in streptozotocin and high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice by targeting CEACAM1. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2024; 16:98. [PMID: 38715117 PMCID: PMC11077876 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-024-01322-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence indicates carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is involved in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the roles and functions of CEACAM1 in AS remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the roles and molecular functions of CEACAM1 in AS. METHODS We constructed a diabetes mellitus (DM) + high-fat diet (HFD) mouse model based on the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced apolipoprotein E-knockdown (ApopE-/-) mouse to investigate the roles and regulatory mechanism of miR-449a/CEACAM1 axis. The mRNA expression and protein levels in this study were examined using quantity PCR, western blot, immunofluorescence (IF), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively. And the lipid deposition and collagen content were detected using Oil Red O and Sirius Red staining. Cell apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tuber formation were detected by Annexin-V FITC/PI, wound healing, transwell, and tuber formation assays, respectively. The relationship between miR-449a and CEACAM1 was determined by a dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. RESULTS miR-449a and MMP-9 were upregulated, and CEACAM1 was downregulated in the DM + HFD MOUSE model. Upregulation of CEACAM1 promoted atherosclerotic plaque stability and inhibited inflammation in the DM + HFD mouse model. And miR-449a directly targeted CEACAM1. Besides, miR-449a interacted with CEACAM1 to regulate atherosclerotic plaque stability and inflammation in DM-associated AS mice. In vitro, the rescue experiments showed miR-449a interacted with CEACAM1 to affect apoptosis, migration, invasion, and tuber formation ability in high glucose (HG)-induced HUVECs. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that miR-449a promoted plaque instability and inflammation in DM and HFD-induced mice by targeting CEACAM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Thoracocardiac Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army, No.212 Daguan Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Chunxia Ou
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Jie Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, No.295 Xichang Rd, Kunming, Yunnan, 650032, China.
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11
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Saddouk FZ, Kuzemczak A, Saito J, Greif DM. Endothelial HIFα/PDGF-B to smooth muscle Beclin1 signaling sustains pathological muscularization in pulmonary hypertension. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e162449. [PMID: 38652543 PMCID: PMC11141934 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.162449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying maintenance of pathological vascular hypermuscularization are poorly delineated. Herein, we investigated retention of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) coating normally unmuscularized distal pulmonary arterioles in pulmonary hypertension (PH) mediated by chronic hypoxia with or without Sugen 5416, and reversal of this pathology. With hypoxia in mice or culture, lung endothelial cells (ECs) upregulated hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1-α) and HIF2-α, which induce platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), and these factors were reduced to normoxic levels with re-normoxia. Re-normoxia reversed hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling, but with EC HIFα overexpression during re-normoxia, pathological changes persisted. Conversely, after establishment of distal muscularization and PH, EC-specific deletion of Hif1a, Hif2a, or Pdgfb induced reversal. In human idiopathic pulmonary artery hypertension, HIF1-α, HIF2-α, PDGF-B, and autophagy-mediating gene products, including Beclin1, were upregulated in pulmonary artery SMCs and/or lung lysates. Furthermore, in mice, hypoxia-induced EC-derived PDGF-B upregulated Beclin1 in distal arteriole SMCs, and after distal muscularization was established, re-normoxia, EC Pdgfb deletion, or treatment with STI571 (which inhibits PDGF receptors) downregulated SMC Beclin1 and other autophagy products. Finally, SMC-specific Becn1 deletion induced apoptosis, reversing distal muscularization and PH mediated by hypoxia with or without Sugen 5416. Thus, chronic hypoxia induction of the HIFα/PDGF-B axis in ECs is required for non-cell-autonomous Beclin1-mediated survival of pathological distal arteriole SMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Beclin-1/metabolism
- Beclin-1/genetics
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Mice
- Humans
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis/genetics
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Male
- Vascular Remodeling
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Autophagy
- Disease Models, Animal
- Arterioles/metabolism
- Arterioles/pathology
- Indoles
- Pyrroles
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Z. Saddouk
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Andrew Kuzemczak
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Junichi Saito
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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12
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Bashore AC, Yan H, Xue C, Zhu LY, Kim E, Mawson T, Coronel J, Chung A, Sachs N, Ho S, Ross LS, Kissner M, Passegué E, Bauer RC, Maegdefessel L, Li M, Reilly MP. High-Dimensional Single-Cell Multimodal Landscape of Human Carotid Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:930-945. [PMID: 38385291 PMCID: PMC10978277 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atherosclerotic plaques are complex tissues composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. However, our understanding of the comprehensive transcriptional and phenotypic landscape of the cells within these lesions is limited. METHODS To characterize the landscape of human carotid atherosclerosis in greater detail, we combined cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing and single-cell RNA sequencing to classify all cell types within lesions (n=21; 13 symptomatic) to achieve a comprehensive multimodal understanding of the cellular identities of atherosclerosis and their association with clinical pathophysiology. RESULTS We identified 25 cell populations, each with a unique multiomic signature, including macrophages, T cells, NK (natural killer) cells, mast cells, B cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Among the macrophages, we identified 2 proinflammatory subsets enriched in IL-1B (interleukin-1B) or C1Q expression, 2 TREM2-positive foam cells (1 expressing inflammatory genes), and subpopulations with a proliferative gene signature and SMC-specific gene signature with fibrotic pathways upregulated. Further characterization revealed various subsets of SMCs and fibroblasts, including SMC-derived foam cells. These foamy SMCs were localized in the deep intima of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Utilizing cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing data, we developed a flow cytometry panel, using cell surface proteins CD29, CD142, and CD90, to isolate SMC-derived cells from lesions. Lastly, we observed reduced proportions of efferocytotic macrophages, classically activated endothelial cells, and contractile and modulated SMC-derived cells, while inflammatory SMCs were enriched in plaques of clinically symptomatic versus asymptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Our multimodal atlas of cell populations within atherosclerosis provides novel insights into the diversity, phenotype, location, isolation, and clinical relevance of the unique cellular composition of human carotid atherosclerosis. These findings facilitate both the mapping of cardiovascular disease susceptibility loci to specific cell types and the identification of novel molecular and cellular therapeutic targets for the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Bashore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Hanying Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (H.Y., M.L.)
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Lucie Y Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Thomas Mawson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Johana Coronel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Allen Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Nadja Sachs
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (N.S., L.M.)
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Leila S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Michael Kissner
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development (M.K., E.P.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development (M.K., E.P.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany (N.S., L.M.)
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance (L.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinksa Institute, Stockholm, Sweden (L.M.)
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia (H.Y., M.L.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY (A.C.B., C.X., L.Y.Z., E.K., T.M., J.C., A.C., S.H., L.S.R., R.C.B., M.P.R.)
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (M.P.R.), Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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13
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Pepin ME, Gupta RM. The Role of Endothelial Cells in Atherosclerosis: Insights from Genetic Association Studies. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:499-509. [PMID: 37827214 PMCID: PMC10988759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) mediate several biological functions that are relevant to atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD), regulating an array of vital processes including vascular tone, wound healing, reactive oxygen species, shear stress response, and inflammation. Although which of these functions is linked causally with CAD development and/or progression is not yet known, genome-wide association studies have implicated more than 400 loci associated with CAD risk, among which several have shown EC-relevant functions. Given the arduous process of mechanistically interrogating single loci to CAD, high-throughput variant characterization methods, including pooled Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats screens, offer exciting potential to rapidly accelerate the discovery of bona fide EC-relevant genetic loci. These discoveries in turn will broaden the therapeutic avenues for CAD beyond lipid lowering and behavioral risk modification to include EC-centric modalities of risk prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Pepin
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rajat M Gupta
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Divisions of Genetics and Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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14
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Stroope C, Nettersheim FS, Coon B, Finney AC, Schwartz MA, Ley K, Rom O, Yurdagul A. Dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerosis: mediators and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Metab 2024; 6:617-638. [PMID: 38532071 PMCID: PMC11055680 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence over the past decades has revealed an intricate relationship between dysregulation of cellular metabolism and the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, an integrated understanding of dysregulated cellular metabolism in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and its potential value as a therapeutic target is missing. In this Review, we (1) summarize recent advances concerning the role of metabolic dysregulation during atherosclerosis progression in lesional cells, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, macrophages and T cells; (2) explore the complexity of metabolic cross-talk between these lesional cells; (3) highlight emerging technologies that promise to illuminate unknown aspects of metabolism in atherosclerosis; and (4) suggest strategies for targeting these underexplored metabolic alterations to mitigate atherosclerosis progression and stabilize rupture-prone atheromas with a potential new generation of cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Stroope
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Felix Sebastian Nettersheim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Brian Coon
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, OMRF, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Alexandra C Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Martin A Schwartz
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Cell Biology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- Immunology Center of Georgia (IMMCG), Augusta University Immunology Center of Georgia, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA.
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15
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Swiatlowska P, Iskratsch T. Cardiovascular Mechano-Epigenetics: Force-Dependent Regulation of Histone Modifications and Gene Regulation. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2024; 38:215-222. [PMID: 36653625 PMCID: PMC10959834 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07422-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The local mechanical microenvironment impacts on the cell behavior. In the cardiovascular system, cells in both the heart and the vessels are exposed to continuous blood flow, blood pressure, stretching forces, and changing extracellular matrix stiffness. The force-induced signals travel all the way to the nucleus regulating epigenetic changes such as chromatin dynamics and gene expression. Mechanical cues are needed at the very early stage for a faultless embryological development, while later in life, aberrant mechanical signaling can lead to a range of pathologies, including diverse cardiovascular diseases. Hence, an investigation of force-generated epigenetic alteration at different time scales is needed to understand fully the phenotypic changes in disease onset and progression. That being so, cardiovascular mechano-epigenetics emerges as an attractive field of study. Given the rapid advances in this emergent field of research, this short review aims to provide an analysis of the state of knowledge of force-induced epigenetic changes in the cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Swiatlowska
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Iskratsch
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.
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16
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Wesseling M, Diez-Benavente E, Mokry M, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G. A critical appreciation of pathway analysis in atherosclerotic disease. Cellular phenotypic plasticity as an illustrative example. Vascul Pharmacol 2024; 154:107286. [PMID: 38408531 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2024.107286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The rapid advancements in genome-scale (omics) techniques has created significant opportunities to investigate complex disease mechanisms in tissues and cells. Nevertheless, interpreting -omics data can be challenging, and pathway enrichment analysis is a frequently used method to identify candidate molecular pathways that drive gene expression changes. With a growing number of -omics studies dedicated to atherosclerosis, there has been a significant increase in studies and hypotheses relying on enrichment analysis. This brief review discusses the benefits and limitations of pathway enrichment analysis within atherosclerosis research. We highlight the challenges of identifying complex biological processes, such as cell phenotypic switching, within -omics data. Additionally, we emphasize the need for more comprehensive and curated gene sets that reflect the biological complexity of atherosclerosis. Pathway enrichment analysis is a valuable tool for gaining insights into the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. Nevertheless, it is crucial to remain aware of the intrinsic limitations of this approach. By addressing these weaknesses, enrichment analysis in atherosclerosis can lead to breakthroughs in identifying the mechanisms of disease progresses, the identification of key driver genes, and consequently, advance personalized patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wesseling
- Central Diagnostics Laboratories, Department of Laboratory, pharmacy and biomedical genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - E Diez-Benavente
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Mokry
- Central Diagnostics Laboratories, Department of Laboratory, pharmacy and biomedical genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H M den Ruijter
- Experimental Cardiology Laboratory, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - G Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratories, Department of Laboratory, pharmacy and biomedical genetics, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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17
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Lin A, Ramaswamy Y, Misra A. Developmental heterogeneity of vascular cells: Insights into cellular plasticity in atherosclerosis? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 155:3-15. [PMID: 37316416 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells and macrophages display remarkable heterogeneity within the healthy vasculature and under pathological conditions. During development, these cells arise from numerous embryological origins, which confound with different microenvironments to generate postnatal vascular cell diversity. In the atherosclerotic plaque milieu, all these cell types exhibit astonishing plasticity, generating a variety of plaque burdening or plaque stabilizing phenotypes. And yet how developmental origin influences intraplaque cell plasticity remains largely unexplored despite evidence suggesting this may be the case. Uncovering the diversity and plasticity of vascular cells is being revolutionized by unbiased single cell whole transcriptome analysis techniques that will likely continue to pave the way for therapeutic research. Cellular plasticity is only just emerging as a target for future therapeutics, and uncovering how intraplaque plasticity differs across vascular beds may provide key insights into why different plaques behave differently and may confer different risks of subsequent cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yogambha Ramaswamy
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Ciarambino T, Crispino P, Minervini G, Giordano M. Role of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Pathogenesis, Evolution, and Complication of Atherosclerotic Plaque. Biomedicines 2024; 12:400. [PMID: 38398002 PMCID: PMC10886498 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic management of atherosclerosis focuses almost exclusively on the reduction of plasma cholesterol levels. An important role in the genesis and evolution of atherosclerosis is played by chronic inflammation in promoting thrombosis phenomena after atheroma rupture. This review aims to take stock of the knowledge so far accumulated on the role of endemic HP infection in atherosclerosis. The studies produced so far have demonstrated a causal relationship between Helicobacter pylori (HP) and CVD. In a previous study, we demonstrated in HP-positive patients that thrombin and plasma fragment 1 + 2 production was proportionally related to tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and that eradication of the infection resulted in a reduction of inflammation. At the end of our review, we can state that HP slightly affects the risk of CVD, particularly if the infection is associated with cytotoxic damage, and HP screening could have a clinically significant role in patients with a high risk of CVD. Considering the high prevalence of HP infection, an infection screening could be of great clinical utility in patients at high risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Ciarambino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Marcianise, ASL Caserta, 81037 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Crispino
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Latina, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Minervini
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital of Lagonegro, AOR San Carlo, 85042 Lagonegro, Italy;
| | - Mauro Giordano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy;
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19
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Raju S, Botts SR, Blaser MC, Abdul-Samad M, Prajapati K, Khosraviani N, Ho TWW, Breda LC, Ching C, Galant NJ, Fiddes L, Wu R, Clift CL, Pham T, Lee WL, Singh SA, Aikawa E, Fish JE, Howe KL. Directional Endothelial Communication by Polarized Extracellular Vesicle Release. Circ Res 2024; 134:269-289. [PMID: 38174557 PMCID: PMC10826926 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.322993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain bioactive cargo including miRNAs and proteins that are released by cells during cell-cell communication. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost lining of all blood vessels, interfacing with cells in the circulation and vascular wall. It is unknown whether ECs release EVs capable of governing recipient cells within these 2 separate compartments. Given their boundary location, we propose ECs use bidirectional release of distinct EV cargo in quiescent (healthy) and activated (atheroprone) states to communicate with cells within the circulation and blood vessel wall. METHODS EVs were isolated from primary human aortic ECs (plate and transwell grown; ±IL [interleukin]-1β activation), quantified, visualized, and analyzed by miRNA transcriptomics and proteomics. Apical and basolateral EC-EV release was determined by miRNA transfer, total internal reflection fluorescence and electron microscopy. Vascular reprogramming (RNA sequencing) and functional assays were performed on primary human monocytes or smooth muscle cells±EC-EVs. RESULTS Activated ECs increased EV release, with miRNA and protein cargo related to atherosclerosis. EV-treated monocytes and smooth muscle cells revealed activated EC-EV altered pathways that were proinflammatory and atherogenic. ECs released more EVs apically, which increased with activation. Apical and basolateral EV cargo contained distinct transcriptomes and proteomes that were altered by EC activation. Notably, activated basolateral EC-EVs displayed greater changes in the EV secretome, with pathways specific to atherosclerosis. In silico analysis determined compartment-specific cargo released by the apical and basolateral surfaces of ECs can reprogram monocytes and smooth muscle cells, respectively, with functional assays and in vivo imaging supporting this concept. CONCLUSIONS Demonstrating that ECs are capable of polarized EV cargo loading and directional EV secretion reveals a novel paradigm for endothelial communication, which may ultimately enhance the design of endothelial-based therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis where ECs are persistently activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Raju
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., K.L.H.)
| | - Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark C. Blaser
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Majed Abdul-Samad
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kamalben Prajapati
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
| | - Negar Khosraviani
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tse Wing Winnie Ho
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.W.W.H., W.L.L.)
| | - Leandro C.D. Breda
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
| | - Crizza Ching
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Lindsey Fiddes
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cassandra L. Clift
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tan Pham
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Warren L. Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.W.W.H., W.L.L.)
| | - Sasha A. Singh
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences (M.C.B., C.L.C., T.P., S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine (S.A.S., E.A.), Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jason E. Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (M.A.-S., N.K., R.W., J.E.F.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.E.F., K.L.H.)
| | - Kathryn L. Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., S.R.B., M.A.-S., K.P., N.K., L.C.D.B., C.C., R.W., J.E.F., K.L.H.)
- Institute of Medical Science (S.R., S.R.B., C.C., J.E.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine (S.R., S.R.B., L.F., K.L.H.), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada (S.R., K.L.H.)
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada (J.E.F., K.L.H.)
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20
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Sharma D, Worssam MD, Pedroza AJ, Dalal AR, Alemany H, Kim HJ, Kundu R, Fischbein M, Cheng P, Wirka R, Quertermous T. Comprehensive Integration of Multiple Single-Cell Transcriptomic Data Sets Defines Distinct Cell Populations and Their Phenotypic Changes in Murine Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:391-408. [PMID: 38152886 PMCID: PMC11285358 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The application of single-cell transcriptomic (single-cell RNA sequencing) analysis to the study of atherosclerosis has provided unique insights into the molecular and genetic mechanisms that mediate disease risk and pathophysiology. However, nonstandardized methodologies and relatively high costs associated with the technique have limited the size and replication of existing data sets and created disparate or contradictory findings that have fostered misunderstanding and controversy. METHODS To address these uncertainties, we have performed a conservative integration of multiple published single-cell RNA sequencing data sets into a single meta-analysis, performed extended analysis of native resident vascular cells, and used in situ hybridization to map the disease anatomic location of the identified cluster cells. To investigate the transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cells to macrophage phenotype, we have developed a classifying algorithm based on the quantification of reporter transgene expression. RESULTS The reporter gene expression tool indicates that within the experimental limits of the examined studies, transdifferentiation of smooth muscle cell to the macrophage lineage is extremely rare. Validated transition smooth muscle cell phenotypes were defined by clustering, and the location of these cells was mapped to lesion anatomy with in situ hybridization. We have also characterized 5 endothelial cell phenotypes and linked these cellular species to different vascular structures and functions. Finally, we have identified a transcriptomically unique cellular phenotype that constitutes the aortic valve. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these analyses resolve a number of outstanding issues related to differing results reported with vascular disease single-cell RNA sequencing studies, and significantly extend our understanding of the role of resident vascular cells in anatomy and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Matthew DeForest Worssam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Albert J. Pedroza
- Division of Cardiothoracic surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Alex R. Dalal
- Division of Cardiothoracic surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Haizea Alemany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | | | - Michael Fischbein
- Division of Cardiothoracic surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Robert Wirka
- Division of Cardiology, McAllister Heart Institute, UNC School of Medicine, 111 Mason Farm Road, MBRB 3312B, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7126
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305
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21
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Carramolino L, Albarrán-Juárez J, Markov A, Hernández-SanMiguel E, Sharysh D, Cumbicus V, Morales-Cano D, Labrador-Cantarero V, Møller PL, Nogales P, Benguria A, Dopazo A, Sanchez-Cabo F, Torroja C, Bentzon JF. Cholesterol lowering depletes atherosclerotic lesions of smooth muscle cell-derived fibromyocytes and chondromyocytes. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:203-220. [PMID: 39196190 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-023-00412-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Drugs that lower plasma apolipoprotein B (ApoB)-containing lipoproteins are central to treating advanced atherosclerosis and provide partial protection against clinical events. Previous research showed that lowering ApoB-containing lipoproteins stops plaque inflammation, but how these drugs affect the heterogeneous population of plaque cells derived from smooth muscle cells (SMCs) is unknown. SMC-derived cells are the main cellular component of atherosclerotic lesions and the source of structural components that determine the size of plaques and their propensity to rupture and trigger thrombosis, the proximate cause of heart attack and stroke. Using lineage tracing and single-cell techniques to investigate the full SMC-derived cellular compartment in progressing and regressing plaques in mice, here we show that lowering ApoB-containing lipoproteins reduces nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling in SMC-derived fibromyocytes and chondromyocytes and leads to depletion of these abundant cell types from plaques. These results uncover an important mechanism through which cholesterol-lowering drugs can achieve plaque regression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/drug therapy
- Atherosclerosis/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Chondrocytes/drug effects
- Chondrocytes/pathology
- Chondrocytes/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Anticholesteremic Agents/pharmacology
- Anticholesteremic Agents/therapeutic use
- Male
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Cholesterol/blood
- Mice
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Single-Cell Analysis
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julián Albarrán-Juárez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anton Markov
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Diana Sharysh
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vanessa Cumbicus
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Morales-Cano
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Paula Nogales
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Benguria
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Dopazo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carlos Torroja
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jacob F Bentzon
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain.
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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22
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Quertermous T, Li DY, Weldy CS, Ramste M, Sharma D, Monteiro JP, Gu W, Worssam MD, Palmisano BT, Park CY, Cheng P. Genome-Wide Genetic Associations Prioritize Evaluation of Causal Mechanisms of Atherosclerotic Disease Risk. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:323-327. [PMID: 38266112 PMCID: PMC10857784 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this review is to discuss the implementation of genome-wide association studies to identify causal mechanisms of vascular disease risk. APPROACH AND RESULTS The history of genome-wide association studies is described, the use of imputation and the creation of consortia to conduct meta-analyses with sufficient power to arrive at consistent associated loci for vascular disease. Genomic methods are described that allow the identification of causal variants and causal genes and how they impact the disease process. The power of single-cell analyses to promote genome-wide association studies of causal gene function is described. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide association studies represent a paradigm shift in the study of cardiovascular disease, providing identification of genes, cellular phenotypes, and disease pathways that empower the future of targeted drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Daniel Yuhang Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Chad S Weldy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Markus Ramste
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - João P Monteiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Wenduo Gu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Matthew D Worssam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Brian T Palmisano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Chong Y Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA
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23
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Shankman LS, Owens GK. Treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with ABT-263 reduced indices of plaque stability and increased mortality. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e173863. [PMID: 38258907 PMCID: PMC10906456 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.173863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of senolytic agents to remove senescent cells from atherosclerotic lesions is controversial. A common limitation of previous studies is the failure to rigorously define the effects of senolytic agent ABT-263 (Navitoclax) on smooth muscle cells (SMC) despite studies claiming that these cells are the major source of senescent cells. Moreover, there are no studies on the effect of ABT-263 on endothelial cells (EC), which - along with SMC - comprise 90% of α-smooth muscle actin+ (α-SMA+) myofibroblast-like cells in the protective fibrous cap. Here we tested the hypothesis that treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with ABT-263 will reduce lesion size and increase plaque stability. SMC (Myh11-CreERT2-eYFP) and EC (Cdh5-CreERT2-eYFP) lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a western diet (WD) for 18 weeks, followed by ABT-263 at 100 mg/kg/bw for 6 weeks or 50 mg/kg/bw for 9 weeks. ABT-263 treatment did not change lesion size or lumen area of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA). However, ABT-263 treatment reduced SMC by 90% and increased EC contributions to lesions via EC-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) by 60%. ABT-263 treatment also reduced α-SMA+ fibrous cap thickness by 60% and was associated with a > 50% mortality rate. Taken together, ABT-263 treatment of WD-fed Apoe-/- mice with advanced lesions resulted in multiple detrimental changes, including reduced indices of stability and increased mortality.
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24
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Consuegra-Sánchez L, Esteban-Luque A, Kaski JC. Modulating the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells via LKB1, a new pharmacologic target to strike atherosclerosis? Int J Cardiol 2024; 395:131427. [PMID: 37816458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
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25
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Lin A, Brittan M, Baker AH, Dimmeler S, Fisher EA, Sluimer JC, Misra A. Clonal Expansion in Cardiovascular Pathology. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2024; 9:120-144. [PMID: 38362345 PMCID: PMC10864919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Clonal expansion refers to the proliferation and selection of advantageous "clones" that are better suited for survival in a Darwinian manner. In recent years, we have greatly enhanced our understanding of cell clonality in the cardiovascular context. However, our knowledge of the underlying mechanisms behind this clonal selection is still severely limited. There is a transpiring pattern of clonal expansion of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells-and, in some cases, macrophages-in numerous cardiovascular diseases irrespective of their differing microenvironments. These findings indirectly suggest the possible existence of stem-like vascular cells which are primed to respond during disease. Subsequent clones may undergo further phenotypic changes to adopt either protective or detrimental roles. By investigating these clone-forming vascular cells, we may be able to harness this inherent clonal nature for future therapeutic intervention. This review comprehensively discusses what is currently known about clonal expansion across the cardiovascular field. Comparisons of the clonal nature of vascular cells in atherosclerosis (including clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential), pulmonary hypertension, aneurysm, blood vessel injury, ischemia- and tumor-induced angiogenesis, and cerebral cavernous malformations are evaluated. Finally, we discuss the potential clinical implications of these findings and propose that proper understanding and specific targeting of these clonal cells may provide unique therapeutic options for the treatment of these cardiovascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mairi Brittan
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew H. Baker
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Berlin, Germany
- Cardiopulmonary Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Judith C. Sluimer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- CARIM School for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Pathology, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC), Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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26
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Molnár AÁ, Pásztor DT, Tarcza Z, Merkely B. Cells in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Cellular Senescence from Basic Science to Clinical Practice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17129. [PMID: 38138958 PMCID: PMC10743093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis through different complex pathways including replicative cellular senescence and age-related clonal hematopoiesis. In addition to aging, extracellular stress factors, such as mechanical and oxidative stress, can induce cellular senescence, defined as premature cellular senescence. Senescent cells can accumulate within atherosclerotic plaques over time and contribute to plaque instability. This review summarizes the role of cellular senescence in the complex pathophysiology of atherosclerosis and highlights the most important senotherapeutics tested in cardiovascular studies targeting senescence. Continued bench-to-bedside research in cellular senescence might allow the future implementation of new effective anti-atherosclerotic preventive and treatment strategies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ágnes Molnár
- Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, 1122 Budapest, Hungary; (D.T.P.); (Z.T.); (B.M.)
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Mosquera JV, Auguste G, Wong D, Turner AW, Hodonsky CJ, Alvarez-Yela AC, Song Y, Cheng Q, Lino Cardenas CL, Theofilatos K, Bos M, Kavousi M, Peyser PA, Mayr M, Kovacic JC, Björkegren JLM, Malhotra R, Stukenberg PT, Finn AV, van der Laan SW, Zang C, Sheffield NC, Miller CL. Integrative single-cell meta-analysis reveals disease-relevant vascular cell states and markers in human atherosclerosis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113380. [PMID: 37950869 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is characterized by atherosclerotic plaque formation in the arterial wall. CAD progression involves complex interactions and phenotypic plasticity among vascular and immune cell lineages. Single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) studies have highlighted lineage-specific transcriptomic signatures, but human cell phenotypes remain controversial. Here, we perform an integrated meta-analysis of 22 scRNA-seq libraries to generate a comprehensive map of human atherosclerosis with 118,578 cells. Besides characterizing granular cell-type diversity and communication, we leverage this atlas to provide insights into smooth muscle cell (SMC) modulation. We integrate genome-wide association study data and uncover a critical role for modulated SMC phenotypes in CAD, myocardial infarction, and coronary calcification. Finally, we identify fibromyocyte/fibrochondrogenic SMC markers (LTBP1 and CRTAC1) as proxies of atherosclerosis progression and validate these through omics and spatial imaging analyses. Altogether, we create a unified atlas of human atherosclerosis informing cell state-specific mechanistic and translational studies of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Verdezoto Mosquera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gaëlle Auguste
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Doris Wong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Adam W Turner
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Chani J Hodonsky
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Yipei Song
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Computer Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Qi Cheng
- CVPath Institute, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Christian L Lino Cardenas
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | | | - Maxime Bos
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Patricia A Peyser
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48019, USA
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Jason C Kovacic
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Johan L M Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - P Todd Stukenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | | | - Sander W van der Laan
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, Division Laboratories, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chongzhi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nathan C Sheffield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Clint L Miller
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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28
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Buono MF, Benavente ED, Slenders L, Methorst D, Tessels D, Mili E, Finger R, Kapteijn D, Daniels M, van den Dungen NAM, Calis JJA, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DPV, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM, Mokry M. Human Plaque Myofibroblasts to Study Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2023; 12:e030243. [PMID: 37889192 PMCID: PMC10727388 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.030243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Plaque myofibroblasts are critical players in the initiation and advancement of atherosclerotic disease. They are involved in the production of extracellular matrix, the formation of the fibrous cap, and the underlying lipidic core via modulation processes in response to different environmental cues. Despite clear phenotypic differences between myofibroblast cells and healthy vascular smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle cells are still widely used as a cellular model in atherosclerotic research. Methods and Results Here, we present a conditioned outgrowth method to isolate and culture myofibroblast cells from plaques. We obtained these cells from 27 donors (24 carotid and 3 femoral endarterectomies). We show that they keep their proliferative capacity for 8 passages, are transcriptionally stable, retain donor-specific gene expression programs, and express extracellular matrix proteins (FN1, COL1A1, and DCN) and smooth muscle cell markers (ACTA2, MYH11, and CNN1). Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that the cells in culture closely resemble the plaque myofibroblasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing shows the presence of histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation at the MYH11 promoter, pointing to their smooth muscle cell origin. Finally, we demonstrated that plaque myofibroblasts can be efficiently transduced (>97%) and are capable of taking up oxidized low-density lipoprotein and undergoing calcification. Conclusions In conclusion, we present a method to isolate and culture cells that retain plaque myofibroblast phenotypical and functional capabilities, making them a suitable in vitro model for studying selected mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele F. Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daisey Methorst
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Tessels
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Roxy Finger
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Jorg J. A. Calis
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Center for Translational ImmunologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Pediatric Immunology and Rheumatology, Wilhelmina Children’s HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | | | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Michal Mokry
- Laboratory of Experimental CardiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
- Central Diagnostics LaboratoryUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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29
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Yan A, Gotlieb AI. The microenvironment of the atheroma expresses phenotypes of plaque instability. Cardiovasc Pathol 2023; 67:107572. [PMID: 37595697 DOI: 10.1016/j.carpath.2023.107572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Data from histopathology studies of human atherosclerotic tissue specimens and from vascular imaging studies support the concept that the local arterial microenvironment of a stable atheroma promotes destabilizing conditions that result in the transition to an unstable atheroma. Destabilization is characterized by several different plaque phenotypes that cause major clinical events such as acute coronary syndrome and cerebrovascular strokes. There are several rupture-associated phenotypes causing thrombotic vascular occlusion including simple fibrous cap rupture of an atheroma, fibrous cap rupture at site of previous rupture-and-repair of an atheroma, and nodular calcification with rupture. Endothelial erosion without rupture has more recently been shown to be a common phenotype to promote thrombosis as well. Microenvironment features that are linked to these phenotypes of plaque instability are neovascularization arising from the vasa vasorum network leading to necrotic core expansion, intraplaque hemorrhage, and cap rupture; activation of adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue cells leading to secretion of cytokines, growth factors, adipokines in the outer artery wall that destabilize plaque structure; and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switching through transdifferentiation and stem/progenitor cell activation resulting in the promotion of inflammation, calcification, and secretion of extracellular matrix, altering fibrous cap structure, and necrotic core growth. As the technology evolves, studies using noninvasive vascular imaging will be able to investigate the transition of stable to unstable atheromas in real time. A limitation in the field, however, is that reliable and predictable experimental models of spontaneous plaque rupture and/or erosion are not currently available to study the cell and molecular mechanisms that regulate the conversion of the stable atheroma to an unstable plaque.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Avrum I Gotlieb
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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30
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Pedroza AJ, Cheng P, Dalal AR, Baeumler K, Kino A, Tognozzi E, Shad R, Yokoyama N, Nakamura K, Mitchel O, Hiesinger W, MacFarlane EG, Fleischmann D, Woo YJ, Quertermous T, Fischbein MP. Early clinical outcomes and molecular smooth muscle cell phenotyping using a prophylactic aortic arch replacement strategy in Loeys-Dietz syndrome. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2023; 166:e332-e376. [PMID: 37500053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2023.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome demonstrate a heightened risk of distal thoracic aortic events after valve-sparing aortic root replacement. This study assesses the clinical risks and hemodynamic consequences of a prophylactic aortic arch replacement strategy in Loeys-Dietz syndrome and characterizes smooth muscle cell phenotype in Loeys-Dietz syndrome aneurysmal and normal-sized downstream aorta. METHODS Patients with genetically confirmed Loeys-Dietz syndrome (n = 8) underwent prophylactic aortic arch replacement during valve-sparing aortic root replacement. Four-dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed in 4 patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome (valve-sparing aortic root replacement + arch) and compared with patients with contemporary Marfan syndrome (valve-sparing aortic root replacement only, n = 5) and control patients (without aortopathy, n = 5). Aortic tissues from 4 patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome and 2 organ donors were processed for anatomically segmented single-cell RNA sequencing and histologic assessment. RESULTS Patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome valve-sparing aortic root replacement + arch had no deaths, major morbidity, or aortic events in a median of 2 years follow-up. Four-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated altered flow parameters in patients with postoperative aortopathy relative to controls, but no clear deleterious changes due to arch replacement. Integrated analysis of aortic single-cell RNA sequencing data (>49,000 cells) identified a continuum of abnormal smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation in Loeys-Dietz syndrome defined by reduced contractility and enriched extracellular matrix synthesis, adhesion receptors, and transforming growth factor-beta signaling. These modulated smooth muscle cells populated the Loeys-Dietz syndrome tunica media with gradually reduced density from the overtly aneurysmal root to the nondilated arch. CONCLUSIONS Patients with Loeys-Dietz syndrome demonstrated excellent surgical outcomes without overt downstream flow or shear stress disturbances after concomitant valve-sparing aortic root replacement + arch operations. Abnormal smooth muscle cell-mediated aortic remodeling occurs within the normal diameter, clinically at-risk Loeys-Dietz syndrome arch segment. These initial clinical and pathophysiologic findings support concomitant arch replacement in Loeys-Dietz syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert J Pedroza
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Alex R Dalal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kathrin Baeumler
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Aya Kino
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Emily Tognozzi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Rohan Shad
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Nobu Yokoyama
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Olivia Mitchel
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - William Hiesinger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Elena Gallo MacFarlane
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Dominik Fleischmann
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif
| | - Michael P Fischbein
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, Calif.
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31
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Hutton M, Frazer M, Lin A, Patel S, Misra A. New Targets in Atherosclerosis: Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Plasticity and Macrophage Polarity. Clin Ther 2023; 45:1047-1054. [PMID: 37709601 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2023.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite an increase in treatment options, and substantial reductions in cardiovascular mortality over the past half-century, atherosclerosis remains the most prevalent cause of premature mortality worldwide. The development of innovative new therapies is crucial to further minimize atherosclerosis-related deaths. The diverse array of cell phenotypes derived from vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and macrophages within atherosclerotic plaques are increasingly becoming recognized for their beneficial and detrimental roles in plaque stability and disease burden. This review explores how contemporary transcriptomics and fate-mapping studies have revealed vascular cell plasticity as a relatively unexplored target for therapeutic intervention. METHODS Recent literature for this narrative review was obtained by searching electronic databases (ie, Google Scholar, PubMed). Additional studies were sourced from reference lists and the authors' personal databases. FINDINGS The lipid-rich and inflammatory plaque milieu induces SMC phenotypic switching to both beneficial and detrimental phenotypes. Likewise, macrophage heterogeneity increases with disease burden to a variety of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory activation states. These vascular cell phenotypes are determinants of plaque structure stability, and it is therefore highly likely that they influence clinical outcomes. Development of clinical treatments targeting deleterious phenotypes or promoting pro-healing phenotypes remains in its infancy. However, existing treatments (statins) have shown beneficial effects toward macrophage polarization, providing a rationale for more targeted approaches. In contrast, beneficial SMC phenotypic modulation with these pharmacologic agents has yet to be achieved. The range of modulated vascular cell phenotypes provides a multitude of novel targets and the potential to reduce future adverse events. IMPLICATIONS Vascular cell phenotypic heterogeneity must continue to be explored to lower cardiovascular events in the future. The rapidly increasing weight of evidence surrounding the role of SMC plasticity and macrophage polarity in plaque vulnerability provides a strong foundation upon which development of new therapeutics must follow. This approach may prove to be crucial in reducing cardiovascular events and improving patient benefit in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hutton
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Madeleine Frazer
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alexander Lin
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ashish Misra
- Atherosclerosis and Vascular Remodeling Group, Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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32
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Abstract
The medial layer of the arterial wall is composed mainly of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Under physiological conditions, VSMCs assume a contractile phenotype, and their primary function is to regulate vascular tone. In contrast with terminally differentiated cells, VSMCs possess phenotypic plasticity, capable of transitioning into other cellular phenotypes in response to changes in the vascular environment. Recent research has shown that VSMC phenotypic switching participates in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, where the various types of dedifferentiated VSMCs accumulate in the atherosclerotic lesion and participate in the associated vascular remodeling by secreting extracellular matrix proteins and proteases. This review article discusses the 9 VSMC phenotypes that have been reported in atherosclerotic lesions and classifies them into differentiated VSMCs, intermediately dedifferentiated VSMCs, and dedifferentiated VSMCs. It also provides an overview of several methodologies that have been developed for studying VSMC phenotypic switching and discusses their respective advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runji Chen
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | - David G. McVey
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Daifei Shen
- Research Center for Translational MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
| | | | - Shu Ye
- Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouChina
- Department of Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUnited Kingdom
- Cardiovascular‐Metabolic Disease Translational Research ProgrammeNational University of SingaporeSingapore
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33
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Deaton R, Shankman LS, Benavente ED, Williams CM, Bradley X, Alencar GF, Bulut GB, Kirmani S, Baylis RA, Zunder ER, den Ruijter HM, Pasterkamp G, Owens GK. IL-1β inhibition partially negates the beneficial effects of diet-induced lipid lowering. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.13.562255. [PMID: 37873280 PMCID: PMC10592822 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.13.562255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Background Thromboembolic events secondary to rupture or erosion of advanced atherosclerotic lesions are the leading cause of death in the world. The most common and effective means to reduce these major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), including myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, is aggressive lipid lowering via a combination of drugs and dietary modifications. However, little is known regarding the effects of reducing dietary lipids on the composition and stability of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, the mechanisms that regulate these processes, and what therapeutic approaches might augment the benefits of lipid lowering. Methods Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a Western diet (WD) for 18 weeks and then switched to a low-fat chow diet for 12 weeks. We assessed lesion size and remodeling indices, as well as the cellular composition of aortic and brachiocephalic artery (BCA) lesions, indices of plaque stability, overall plaque burden, and phenotypic transitions of SMC, and other lesion cells by SMC-lineage tracing combined with scRNA-seq, CyTOF, and immunostaining plus high resolution confocal microscopic z-stack analysis. In addition, to determine if treatment with a potent inhibitor of inflammation could augment the benefits of chow diet-induced reductions in LDL-cholesterol, SMC-lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a WD for 18 weeks and then chow diet for 12 weeks prior to treating them with an IL-1β or control antibody (Ab) for 8-weeks. Results Lipid-lowering by switching Apoe-/- mice from a WD to a chow diet reduced LDL-cholesterol levels by 70% and resulted in multiple beneficial effects including reduced overall aortic plaque burden as well as reduced intraplaque hemorrhage and necrotic core area. However, contrary to expectations, IL-1β Ab treatment resulted in multiple detrimental changes including increased plaque burden, BCA lesion size, as well as increased cholesterol crystal accumulation, intra-plaque hemorrhage, necrotic core area, and senescence as compared to IgG control Ab treated mice. Furthermore, IL-1β Ab treatment upregulated neutrophil degranulation pathways but down-regulated SMC extracellular matrix pathways likely important for the protective fibrous cap. Conclusions Taken together, IL-1β appears to be required for chow diet-induced reductions in plaque burden and increases in multiple indices of plaque stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Rebecca Deaton
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Laura S. Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Ernest D. Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Corey M. Williams
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Xenia Bradley
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gabriel F. Alencar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Gamze B. Bulut
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sara Kirmani
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Richard A. Baylis
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Eli R. Zunder
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
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Pekayvaz K, Gold C, Hoseinpour P, Engel A, Martinez-Navarro A, Eivers L, Coletti R, Joppich M, Dionísio F, Kaiser R, Tomas L, Janjic A, Knott M, Mehari F, Polewka V, Kirschner M, Boda A, Nicolai L, Schulz H, Titova A, Kilani B, Lorenz M, Fingerle-Rowson G, Bucala R, Enard W, Zimmer R, Weber C, Libby P, Schulz C, Massberg S, Stark K. Mural cell-derived chemokines provide a protective niche to safeguard vascular macrophages and limit chronic inflammation. Immunity 2023; 56:2325-2341.e15. [PMID: 37652021 PMCID: PMC10588993 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Maladaptive, non-resolving inflammation contributes to chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. Because macrophages remove necrotic cells, defective macrophage programs can promote chronic inflammation with persistent tissue injury. Here, we investigated the mechanisms sustaining vascular macrophages. Intravital imaging revealed a spatiotemporal macrophage niche across vascular beds alongside mural cells (MCs)-pericytes and smooth muscle cells. Single-cell transcriptomics, co-culture, and genetic deletion experiments revealed MC-derived expression of the chemokines CCL2 and MIF, which actively preserved macrophage survival and their homeostatic functions. In atherosclerosis, this positioned macrophages in viable plaque areas, away from the necrotic core, and maintained a homeostatic macrophage phenotype. Disruption of this MC-macrophage unit via MC-specific deletion of these chemokines triggered detrimental macrophage relocalizing, exacerbated plaque necrosis, inflammation, and atheroprogression. In line, CCL2 inhibition at advanced stages of atherosclerosis showed detrimental effects. This work presents a MC-driven safeguard toward maintaining the homeostatic vascular macrophage niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kami Pekayvaz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
| | - Christoph Gold
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Parandis Hoseinpour
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Anouk Engel
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Luke Eivers
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Raffaele Coletti
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Joppich
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Flávio Dionísio
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Rainer Kaiser
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Lukas Tomas
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Aleksandar Janjic
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Knott
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fitsumbirhan Mehari
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Vivien Polewka
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Megan Kirschner
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Annegret Boda
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Leo Nicolai
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiko Schulz
- Institute of Pathology, Ludwig-Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Titova
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Badr Kilani
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Lorenz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Richard Bucala
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology and Human Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Ralf Zimmer
- Department of Informatics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany; Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximillian-Universität (LMU) München, Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Libby
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christian Schulz
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Steffen Massberg
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Stark
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.
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Li W, Lin A, Hutton M, Dhaliwal H, Nadel J, Rodor J, Tumanov S, Örd T, Hadden M, Mokry M, Mol BM, Pasterkamp G, Padula MP, Geczy CL, Ramaswamy Y, Sluimer JC, Kaikkonen MU, Stocker R, Baker AH, Fisher EA, Patel S, Misra A. Colchicine promotes atherosclerotic plaque stability independently of inflammation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.03.560632. [PMID: 37873248 PMCID: PMC10592948 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.03.560632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is driven in part by the aberrant trans -differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). No therapeutic drug has been shown to reverse detrimental SMC-derived cell phenotypes into protective phenotypes, a hypothesized enabler of plaque regression and improved patient outcome. Herein, we describe a novel function of colchicine in the beneficial modulation of SMC-derived cell phenotype, independent of its conventional anti-inflammatory effects. Using SMC fate mapping in an advanced atherosclerotic lesion model, colchicine induced plaque regression by converting pathogenic SMC-derived macrophage-like and osteoblast-like cells into protective myofibroblast-like cells which thickened, and thereby stabilized, the fibrous cap. This was dependent on Notch3 signaling in SMC-derived plaque cells. These findings may help explain the success of colchicine in clinical trials relative to other anti-inflammatory drugs. Thus, we demonstrate the potential of regulating SMC phenotype in advanced plaque regression through Notch3 signaling, in addition to the canonical anti-inflammatory actions of drugs to treat atherosclerosis.
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Diez Benavente E, Karnewar S, Buono M, Mili E, Hartman RJ, Kapteijn D, Slenders L, Daniels M, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Mol BM, de Borst GJ, de Kleijn DP, Prange KH, Depuydt MA, de Winther MP, Kuiper J, Björkegren JL, Erdmann J, Civelek M, Mokry M, Owens GK, Pasterkamp G, den Ruijter HM. Female Gene Networks Are Expressed in Myofibroblast-Like Smooth Muscle Cells in Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1836-1850. [PMID: 37589136 PMCID: PMC10521798 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women presenting with coronary artery disease more often present with fibrous atherosclerotic plaques, which are currently understudied. Phenotypically modulated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) contribute to atherosclerosis in women. How these phenotypically modulated SMCs shape female versus male plaques is unknown. METHODS Gene regulatory networks were created using RNAseq gene expression data from human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. The networks were prioritized based on sex bias, relevance for smooth muscle biology, and coronary artery disease genetic enrichment. Network expression was linked to histologically determined plaque phenotypes. In addition, their expression in plaque cell types was studied at single-cell resolution using single-cell RNAseq. Finally, their relevance for disease progression was studied in female and male Apoe-/- mice fed a Western diet for 18 and 30 weeks. RESULTS Here, we identify multiple sex-stratified gene regulatory networks from human carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Prioritization of the female networks identified 2 main SMC gene regulatory networks in late-stage atherosclerosis. Single-cell RNA sequencing mapped these female networks to 2 SMC phenotypes: a phenotypically modulated myofibroblast-like SMC network and a contractile SMC network. The myofibroblast-like network was mostly expressed in plaques that were vulnerable in women. Finally, the mice ortholog of key driver gene MFGE8 (milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing) showed retained expression in advanced plaques from female mice but was downregulated in male mice during atherosclerosis progression. CONCLUSIONS Female atherosclerosis is characterized by gene regulatory networks that are active in fibrous vulnerable plaques rich in myofibroblast-like SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernest Diez Benavente
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (S.K., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Michele Buono
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Eloi Mili
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Robin J.G. Hartman
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Daniek Kapteijn
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Lotte Slenders
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Mark Daniels
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland (R.A.)
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
| | - Barend M. Mol
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gert J. de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Dominique P.V. de Kleijn
- Department of Vascular Surgery (B.M.M., G.J.d.B., D.P.V.d.K.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Koen H.M. Prange
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers — location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Marie A.C. Depuydt
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., J.K.)
| | - Menno P.J. de Winther
- Experimental Vascular Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers — location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (K.H.M.P., M.P.J.d.W.)
| | - Johan Kuiper
- Division of BioTherapeutics, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, the Netherlands (M.A.C.D., J.K.)
| | - Johan L.M. Björkegren
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York (J.L.M.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Huddinge, Sweden (J.L.M.B.)
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Germany (R.A., T.R., J.E.)
| | - Mete Civelek
- Center for Public Health Genomics (R.A., M.C.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (M.C.)
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville (M.C.)
| | - Michal Mokry
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Gary K. Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center (S.K., G.K.O.), University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory (L.S., M.M., G.P.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Hester M. den Ruijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology (E.D.B., M.B., E.M., R.J.G.H., D.K., M.D., H.M.d.R.), University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
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37
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Alonso-Herranz L, Albarrán-Juárez J, Bentzon JF. Mechanisms of fibrous cap formation in atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1254114. [PMID: 37671141 PMCID: PMC10475556 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1254114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The fibrous cap is formed by smooth muscle cells that accumulate beneath the plaque endothelium. Cap rupture is the main cause of coronary thrombosis, leading to infarction and sudden cardiac death. Therefore, the qualities of the cap are primary determinants of the clinical outcome of coronary and carotid atherosclerosis. In this mini-review, we discuss current knowledge about the formation of the fibrous cap, including cell recruitment, clonal expansion, and central molecular signaling pathways. We also examine the differences between mouse and human fibrous caps and explore the impact of anti-atherosclerotic therapies on the state of the fibrous cap. We propose that the cap should be understood as a neo-media to substitute for the original media that becomes separated from the surface endothelium during atherogenesis and that embryonic pathways involved in the development of the arteria media contribute to cap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alonso-Herranz
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Julián Albarrán-Juárez
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jacob Fog Bentzon
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus and Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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38
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Dudley AC, Griffioen AW. Pathological angiogenesis: mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Angiogenesis 2023; 26:313-347. [PMID: 37060495 PMCID: PMC10105163 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09876-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
In multicellular organisms, angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is an essential process for growth and development. Different mechanisms such as vasculogenesis, sprouting, intussusceptive, and coalescent angiogenesis, as well as vessel co-option, vasculogenic mimicry and lymphangiogenesis, underlie the formation of new vasculature. In many pathological conditions, such as cancer, atherosclerosis, arthritis, psoriasis, endometriosis, obesity and SARS-CoV-2(COVID-19), developmental angiogenic processes are recapitulated, but are often done so without the normal feedback mechanisms that regulate the ordinary spatial and temporal patterns of blood vessel formation. Thus, pathological angiogenesis presents new challenges yet new opportunities for the design of vascular-directed therapies. Here, we provide an overview of recent insights into blood vessel development and highlight novel therapeutic strategies that promote or inhibit the process of angiogenesis to stabilize, reverse, or even halt disease progression. In our review, we will also explore several additional aspects (the angiogenic switch, hypoxia, angiocrine signals, endothelial plasticity, vessel normalization, and endothelial cell anergy) that operate in parallel to canonical angiogenesis mechanisms and speculate how these processes may also be targeted with anti-angiogenic or vascular-directed therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Dudley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, The University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Arjan W Griffioen
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Medical Oncology, Amsterdam UMC, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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39
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Lazzarato L, Bianchi L, Andolfo A, Granata A, Lombardi M, Sinelli M, Rolando B, Carini M, Corsini A, Fruttero R, Arnaboldi L. Proteomics Studies Suggest That Nitric Oxide Donor Furoxans Inhibit In Vitro Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation by Nitric Oxide-Independent Mechanisms. Molecules 2023; 28:5724. [PMID: 37570694 PMCID: PMC10420201 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Physiologically, smooth muscle cells (SMC) and nitric oxide (NO) produced by endothelial cells strictly cooperate to maintain vasal homeostasis. In atherosclerosis, where this equilibrium is altered, molecules providing exogenous NO and able to inhibit SMC proliferation may represent valuable antiatherosclerotic agents. Searching for dual antiproliferative and NO-donor molecules, we found that furoxans significantly decreased SMC proliferation in vitro, albeit with different potencies. We therefore assessed whether this property is dependent on their thiol-induced ring opening. Indeed, while furazans (analogues unable to release NO) are not effective, furoxans' inhibitory potency parallels with the electron-attractor capacity of the group in 3 of the ring, making this effect tunable. To demonstrate whether their specific block on G1-S phase could be NO-dependent, we supplemented SMCs with furoxans and inhibitors of GMP- and/or of the polyamine pathway, which regulate NO-induced SMC proliferation, but they failed in preventing the antiproliferative effect. To find the real mechanism of this property, our proteomics studies revealed that eleven cellular proteins (with SUMO1 being central) and networks involved in cell homeostasis/proliferation are modulated by furoxans, probably by interaction with adducts generated after degradation. Altogether, thanks to their dual effect and pharmacological flexibility, furoxans may be evaluated in the future as antiatherosclerotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loretta Lazzarato
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Università degli Studi di Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Annapaola Andolfo
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (ProMeFa), Center for Omics Sciences (COSR), IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Agnese Granata
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Lombardi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Matteo Sinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Barbara Rolando
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Marina Carini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences “Pietro Pratesi”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alberto Corsini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
| | - Roberta Fruttero
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Torino, Italy; (L.L.); (B.R.); (R.F.)
| | - Lorenzo Arnaboldi
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences “Rodolfo Paoletti”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milano, Italy; (A.G.); (M.L.); (M.S.); (A.C.)
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40
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Jigoranu RA, Roca M, Costache AD, Mitu O, Oancea AF, Miftode RS, Haba MȘC, Botnariu EG, Maștaleru A, Gavril RS, Trandabat BA, Chirica SI, Haba RM, Leon MM, Costache II, Mitu F. Novel Biomarkers for Atherosclerotic Disease: Advances in Cardiovascular Risk Assessment. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1639. [PMID: 37629496 PMCID: PMC10455542 DOI: 10.3390/life13081639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a significant health concern with a growing incidence worldwide. It is directly linked to an increased cardiovascular risk and to major adverse cardiovascular events, such as acute coronary syndromes. In this review, we try to assess the potential diagnostic role of biomarkers in the early identification of patients susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis and other adverse cardiovascular events. We have collected publications concerning already established parameters, such as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), as well as newer markers, e.g., apolipoprotein B (apoB) and the ratio between apoB and apoA. Additionally, given the inflammatory nature of the development of atherosclerosis, high-sensitivity c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) or interleukin-6 (IL-6) are also discussed. Additionally, newer publications on other emerging components linked to atherosclerosis were considered in the context of patient evaluation. Apart from the already in-use markers (e.g., LDL-C), emerging research highlights the potential of newer molecules in optimizing the diagnosis of atherosclerotic disease in earlier stages. After further studies, they might be fully implemented in the screening protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul-Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Roca
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Dan Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru-Florinel Oancea
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Stefan Miftode
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Ștefan Cristian Haba
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eosefina Gina Botnariu
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Sebastian Gavril
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Andrei Trandabat
- Department of Surgery II, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sabina Ioana Chirica
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Raluca Maria Haba
- Faculty of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (S.I.C.); (R.M.H.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, “St. Spiridon” Emergency County Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Florin Mitu
- Department of Medical Specialties I, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa”, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (R.-A.J.); (O.M.); (A.-F.O.); (R.-S.M.); (M.Ș.C.H.); (A.M.); (R.-S.G.); (M.M.L.); (I.-I.C.); (F.M.)
- Clinical Rehabilitation Hospital, 700661 Iasi, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Medical Sciences, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
- Romanian Academy of Scientists, 050045 Bucharest, Romania
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Bashore AC, Yan H, Xue C, Zhu LY, Kim E, Mawson T, Coronel J, Chung A, Ho S, Ross LS, Kissner M, Passegué E, Bauer RC, Maegdefessel L, Li M, Reilly MP. High-Dimensional Single-Cell Multimodal Landscape of Human Carotid Atherosclerosis. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.13.23292633. [PMID: 37502836 PMCID: PMC10370238 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.13.23292633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Atherosclerotic plaques are complex tissues composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells. However, we have limited understanding of the comprehensive transcriptional and phenotypical landscape of the cells within these lesions. Methods To characterize the landscape of human carotid atherosclerosis in greater detail, we combined cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing (CITE-seq) and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to classify all cell types within lesions (n=21; 13 symptomatic) to achieve a comprehensive multimodal understanding of the cellular identities of atherosclerosis and their association with clinical pathophysiology. Results We identified 25 distinct cell populations each having a unique multi-omic signature, including macrophages, T cells, NK cells, mast cells, B cells, plasma cells, neutrophils, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Within the macrophage populations, we identified 2 proinflammatory subsets that were enriched in IL1B or C1Q expression, 2 distinct TREM2 positive foam cell subsets, one of which also expressed inflammatory genes, as well as subpopulations displaying a proliferative gene expression signature and one expressing SMC-specific genes and upregulation of fibrotic pathways. An in-depth characterization uncovered several subsets of SMCs and fibroblasts, including a SMC-derived foam cell. We localized this foamy SMC to the deep intima of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. Using CITE-seq data, we also developed the first flow cytometry panel, using cell surface proteins CD29, CD142, and CD90, to isolate SMC-derived cells from lesions. Last, we found that the proportion of efferocytotic macrophages, classically activated endothelial cells, contractile and modulated SMC-derived cell types were reduced, and inflammatory SMCs were enriched in plaques of clinically symptomatic vs. asymptomatic patients. Conclusions Our multimodal atlas of cell populations within atherosclerosis provides novel insights into the diversity, phenotype, location, isolation, and clinical relevance of the unique cellular composition of human carotid atherosclerosis. This facilitates both the mapping of cardiovascular disease susceptibility loci to specific cell types as well as the identification of novel molecular and cellular therapeutic targets for treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander C Bashore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Hanying Yan
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Lucie Y Zhu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Eunyoung Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Thomas Mawson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Johana Coronel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Allen Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Sebastian Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Leila S Ross
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Michael Kissner
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Emmanuelle Passegué
- Columbia Stem Cell Initiative, Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York
| | - Robert C Bauer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical University Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Munich Heart Alliance
- Karolinksa Institute, Department of Medicine
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
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Karnewar S, Karnewar V, Shankman LS, Owens GK. Treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with the senolytic agent ABT-263 is associated with reduced indices of plaque stability and increased mortality. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.12.548696. [PMID: 37502944 PMCID: PMC10369968 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.12.548696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of senolytic agents to remove senescent cells from atherosclerotic lesions is controversial. A common limitation of previous studies is the failure to rigorously define the effects of senolytic agent ABT-263 (Navitoclax) on smooth muscle cells (SMC) despite studies claiming that they are the major source of senescent cells. Moreover, there are no studies of the effect of ABT-263 on endothelial cells (EC), which along with SMC comprise 90% of α-SMA+ myofibroblast-like cells in the protective fibrous cap. Here we tested the hypothesis that treatment of advanced atherosclerotic mice with the ABT-263 will reduce lesion size and increase plaque stability. SMC (Myh11-CreERT2-eYFP) and EC (Cdh5-CreERT2-eYFP) lineage tracing Apoe-/- mice were fed a WD for 18 weeks, followed by ABT-263 100mg/kg/bw for six weeks or 50mg/kg/bw for nine weeks. ABT-263 treatment did not change lesion size or lumen area of the brachiocephalic artery (BCA). However, ABT-263 treatment reduced SMC by 90% and increased EC-contributions to lesions via EC-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) by 60%. ABT-263 treatment also reduced α-SMA+ fibrous cap thickness by 60% and increased mortality by >50%. Contrary to expectations, treatment of WD-fed Apoe-/- mice with the senolytic agent ABT-263 resulted in multiple detrimental changes including reduced indices of stability, and increased mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Vaishnavi Karnewar
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Laura S Shankman
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Gary K Owens
- Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia-School of Medicine, 415 Lane Road, Suite 1010, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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43
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Immanuel J, Yun S. Vascular Inflammatory Diseases and Endothelial Phenotypes. Cells 2023; 12:1640. [PMID: 37371110 DOI: 10.3390/cells12121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The physiological functions of endothelial cells control vascular tone, permeability, inflammation, and angiogenesis, which significantly help to maintain a healthy vascular system. Several cardiovascular diseases are characterized by endothelial cell activation or dysfunction triggered by external stimuli such as disturbed flow, hypoxia, growth factors, and cytokines in response to high levels of low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, hypertension, diabetes, aging, drugs, and smoking. Increasing evidence suggests that uncontrolled proinflammatory signaling and further alteration in endothelial cell phenotypes such as barrier disruption, increased permeability, endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and metabolic reprogramming further induce vascular diseases, and multiple studies are focusing on finding the pathways and mechanisms involved in it. This review highlights the main proinflammatory stimuli and their effects on endothelial cell function. In order to provide a rational direction for future research, we also compiled the most recent data regarding the impact of endothelial cell dysfunction on vascular diseases and potential targets that impede the pathogenic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenita Immanuel
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanguk Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Inje University, Gimhae-si 50834, Republic of Korea
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Bao H, Li B, You Q, Dun X, Zhang Z, Liang Y, Li Y, Jiang Q, Zhang R, Chen R, Chen W, Zheng Y, Li D, Cui L. Exposure to real-ambient particulate matter induced vascular hypertrophy through activation of PDGFRβ. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 449:130985. [PMID: 36801716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular toxicity induced by particulate matter (PM) exposure exacerbates the onset and development of cardiovascular diseases; however, its detailed mechanism remains unclear. Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFRβ) acts as a mitogen for vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and is therefore essential for normal vasoformation. However, the potential effects of PDGFRβ on VSMCs in PM-induced vascular toxicity have not yet been elucidated. METHODS To reveal the potential roles of PDGFRβ signalling in vascular toxicity, individually ventilated cage (IVC)-based real-ambient PM exposure system mouse models and PDGFRβ overexpression mouse models were established in vivo, along with in vitro VSMCs models. RESULTS Vascular hypertrophy was observed following PM-induced PDGFRβ activation in C57/B6 mice, and the regulation of hypertrophy-related genes led to vascular wall thickening. Enhanced PDGFRβ expression in VSMCs aggravated PM-induced smooth muscle hypertrophy, which was attenuated by inhibiting the PDGFRβ and janus kinase 2 /signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathways. CONCLUSION Our study identified the PDGFRβ gene as a potential biomarker of PM-induced vascular toxicity. PDGFRβ induced hypertrophic effects through the activation of the JAK2/STAT3 pathway, which may be a biological target for the vascular toxic effects caused by PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxu Bao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Benying Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing You
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinyu Dun
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Liang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahui Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qixiao Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Daochuan Li
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lianhua Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Gupta RM, Schnitzler GR, Fang S, Lee-Kim VS, Barry A. Multiomic Analysis and CRISPR Perturbation Screens Identify Endothelial Cell Programs and Novel Therapeutic Targets for Coronary Artery Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:600-608. [PMID: 36994731 PMCID: PMC10170398 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) are an important mediator of atherosclerosis and vascular disease. Their exposure to atherogenic risk factors such as hypertension and serum cholesterol leads to endothelial dysfunction and many disease-associated processes. Identifying which of these multiple EC functions is causally related to disease risk has been challenging. There is evidence from in vivo models and human sequencing studies that dysregulation of nitric oxide production directly affects risk of coronary artery disease. Human genetics can help prioritize the other EC functions with causal relationships because germline mutations are acquired at birth and serve as a randomized test of which pathways affect disease risk. Though several coronary artery disease risk variants have been linked to EC function, this process has been slow and laborious. Unbiased analyses of EC dysfunction using multiomic approaches promise to identify the causal genetic mechanisms responsible for vascular disease. Here, we review the data from genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic studies that prioritize EC-specific causal pathways. New methods that CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) perturbation technology with genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic analysis promise to speed up the characterization of disease-associated genetic variation. We summarize several recent studies in ECs which use high-throughput genetic perturbation to identify disease-relevant pathways and novel mechanisms of disease. These genetically validated pathways can accelerate the identification of drug targets for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajat M Gupta
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
| | - Gavin R Schnitzler
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
| | - Shi Fang
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
| | - Vivian S Lee-Kim
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
| | - Aurelie Barry
- Divisions of Genetics and Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA (R.M.G., G.R.S., S.F., V.S.L.-K., A.B.)
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Yang X, Yang C, Friesel RE, Liaw L. Sprouty1 has a protective role in atherogenesis and modifies the migratory and inflammatory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Atherosclerosis 2023; 373:17-28. [PMID: 37121163 PMCID: PMC10225353 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sprouty1 (Spry1) regulates the differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and our aim was to determine its role in atherogenesis. A significant proportion of cells within atherosclerotic lesions are derived from migration and pathological adaptation of medial VSMC. METHODS We used global Spry1 null mouse, and Myh11-CreERT2, ROSA26-STOPfl/fl-tdTomato-Spry1fl/fl mice to allow for lineage tracing and conditional Spry1 deletion in VSMC. Atherosclerosis was induced by injection of a mutant form of mPCSK9D377Y-AAV followed by Western diet. Human aortic VSMC (hVSMC) with shRNA targeting of Spry1 were also analyzed. RESULTS Global loss of Spry1 increased inflammatory markers ICAM1 and Cox2 in VSMC. Conditional deletion of Spry1 in VSMC had no effect on early lesion development, despite increased Sca1high cells. After 26 weeks of Western diet, mice with VSMC deletion of Spry1 had increased plaque burden, with reduced collagen content and smooth muscle alpha actin (SMA) in the fibrous cap. Lineage tracing via tdTomato marking Cre-recombined cells indicated that VSMC with loss of Spry1 had decreased migration into the lesion, noted by decreased proportions of tdTomato+ and tdTomato+/SMA + cells. Loss-of-function of Spry1 in hVSMC increased mesenchymal and activation markers, including KLF4, PDGFRb, ICAM1, and Cox2. Loss of Spry1 enhanced the effects of PDGFBB and TNFa on hVSMC. CONCLUSIONS Loss of Spry1 in VSMC aggravated plaque formation at later stages, and increased markers of instability. Our results indicate that Spry1 suppresses the mesenchymal and inflammatory phenotype of VSMC, and its expression in VSMC is protective against chronic atherosclerotic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Chenhao Yang
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, USA
| | - Robert E Friesel
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA
| | - Lucy Liaw
- Center for Molecular Medicine, MaineHealth Institute for Research, MaineHealth, Scarborough, ME, 04074, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, USA.
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Raju S, Botts SR, Blaser M, Prajapati K, Ho TWW, Ching C, Galant NJ, Fiddes L, Wu R, Clift CL, Pham T, Lee WL, Singh SA, Aikawa E, Fish JE, Howe KL. Endothelial cells secrete small extracellular vesicles bidirectionally containing distinct cargo to uniquely reprogram vascular cells in the circulation and vessel wall. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.28.538787. [PMID: 37162986 PMCID: PMC10168399 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.538787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain bioactive cargo including microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins that are released by cells as a form of cell-cell communication. Endothelial cells (ECs) form the innermost lining of all blood vessels and thereby interface with cells in the circulation as well as cells residing in the vascular wall. It is unknown whether ECs have the capacity to release EVs capable of governing recipient cells within two separate compartments, and how this is affected by endothelial activation commonly seen in atheroprone regions. Objective Given their boundary location, we propose that ECs utilize bidirectional release of distinct EV cargo in quiescent and activated states to communicate with cells within the circulation and blood vessel wall. Methods and Results EVs were isolated from primary human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) (+/-IL-1β activation), quantified, and analysed by miRNA transcriptomics and proteomics. Compared to quiescent ECs, activated ECs increased EV release, with miRNA and protein cargo that were related to atherosclerosis. RNA sequencing of EV-treated monocytes and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) revealed that EVs from activated ECs altered pathways that were pro-inflammatory and atherogenic. Apical and basolateral EV release was assessed using ECs on transwells. ECs released more EVs apically, which increased with activation. Apical and basolateral EV cargo contained distinct transcriptomes and proteomes that were altered by EC activation. Notably, basolateral EC-EVs displayed greater changes in the EV secretome, with pathways specific to atherosclerosis. In silico analysis determined that compartment-specific cargo released by the apical and basolateral surfaces of ECs can reprogram monocytes and SMCs, respectively. Conclusions The demonstration that ECs are capable of polarized EV cargo loading and directional EV secretion reveals a novel paradigm for endothelial communication, which may ultimately enhance our ability to design endothelial-based therapeutics for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis where ECs are persistently activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Raju
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Steven R. Botts
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Mark Blaser
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kamalben Prajapati
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tse Wing Winnie Ho
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Crizza Ching
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Lindsey Fiddes
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Ruilin Wu
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cassandra L. Clift
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tan Pham
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Warren L Lee
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason E Fish
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kathryn L Howe
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
- Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Bonacina F, Di Costanzo A, Genkel V, Kong XY, Kroon J, Stimjanin E, Tsiantoulas D, Grootaert MO. The heterogeneous cellular landscape of atherosclerosis: Implications for future research and therapies. A collaborative review from the EAS young fellows. Atherosclerosis 2023; 372:48-56. [PMID: 37030081 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Single cell technologies, lineage tracing mouse models and advanced imaging techniques unequivocally improved the resolution of the cellular landscape of atherosclerosis. Although the discovery of the heterogeneous nature of the cellular plaque architecture has undoubtedly improved our understanding of the specific cellular states in atherosclerosis progression, it also adds more complexity to current and future research and will change how we approach future drug development. In this review, we will discuss how the revolution of new single cell technologies allowed us to map the cellular networks in the plaque, but we will also address current (technological) limitations that confine us to identify the cellular drivers of the disease and to pinpoint a specific cell state, cell subset or cell surface antigen as new candidate drug target for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Bonacina
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Di Costanzo
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Vadim Genkel
- Department of Internal Medicine, South-Ural State Medical University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Xiang Yi Kong
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey Kroon
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, VIB-KU Leuven Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Belgium; Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven and Leuven Cancer Institute (LKI), Belgium
| | - Ena Stimjanin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Zenical, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | | | - Mandy Oj Grootaert
- Center for Molecular and Vascular Biology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Dong Y, Wang B, Du M, Zhu B, Cui K, Li K, Yuan K, Cowan DB, Bhattacharjee S, Wong S, Shi J, Wang DZ, Chen K, Bischoff J, Linton MF, Chen H. Targeting Epsins to Inhibit Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling While Potentiating Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling Constrains Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Atherosclerosis. Circulation 2023; 147:669-685. [PMID: 36591786 PMCID: PMC10136057 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.122.063075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epsin endocytic adaptor proteins are implicated in the progression of atherosclerosis; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not yet been fully defined. In this study, we determined how epsins enhance endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) in atherosclerosis and assessed the efficacy of a therapeutic peptide in a preclinical model of this disease. METHODS Using single-cell RNA sequencing combined with molecular, cellular, and biochemical analyses, we investigated the role of epsins in stimulating EndoMT using knockout in Apoe-/- and lineage tracing/proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease mutant viral-induced atherosclerotic mouse models. The therapeutic efficacy of a synthetic peptide targeting atherosclerotic plaques was then assessed in Apoe-/- mice. RESULTS Single-cell RNA sequencing and lineage tracing revealed that epsins 1 and 2 promote EndoMT and that the loss of endothelial epsins inhibits EndoMT marker expression and transforming growth factor-β signaling in vitro and in atherosclerotic mice, which is associated with smaller lesions in the Apoe-/- mouse model. Mechanistically, the loss of endothelial cell epsins results in increased fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 expression, which inhibits transforming growth factor-β signaling and EndoMT. Epsins directly bind ubiquitinated fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 through their ubiquitin-interacting motif, which results in endocytosis and degradation of this receptor complex. Consequently, administration of a synthetic ubiquitin-interacting motif-containing peptide atheroma ubiquitin-interacting motif peptide inhibitor significantly attenuates EndoMT and progression of atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that epsins potentiate EndoMT during atherogenesis by increasing transforming growth factor-β signaling through fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 internalization and degradation. Inhibition of EndoMT by reducing epsin-fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 interaction with a therapeutic peptide may represent a novel treatment strategy for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhou Dong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Beibei Wang
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Mulong Du
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Bo Zhu
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kui Cui
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kathryn Li
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Ke Yuan
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Douglas B. Cowan
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Sudarshan Bhattacharjee
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Scott Wong
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Jinjun Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115
- Department of Anæsthesia, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Da-Zhi Wang
- USF Heart Institute, Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612
| | - Kaifu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - MacRae F. Linton
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Hong Chen
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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50
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Kim HJ, Cheng P, Travisano S, Weldy C, Monteiro JP, Kundu R, Nguyen T, Sharma D, Shi H, Lin Y, Liu B, Haldar S, Jackson S, Quertermous T. Molecular mechanisms of coronary artery disease risk at the PDGFD locus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:847. [PMID: 36792607 PMCID: PMC9932166 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36518-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies for coronary artery disease (CAD) have identified a risk locus at 11q22.3. Here, we verify with mechanistic studies that rs2019090 and PDGFD represent the functional variant and gene at this locus. Further, FOXC1/C2 transcription factor binding at rs2019090 is shown to promote PDGFD transcription through the CAD promoting allele. With single cell transcriptomic and histology studies with Pdgfd knockdown in an SMC lineage tracing male atherosclerosis mouse model we find that Pdgfd promotes expansion, migration, and transition of SMC lineage cells to the chondromyocyte phenotype. Pdgfd also increases adventitial fibroblast and pericyte expression of chemokines and leukocyte adhesion molecules, which is linked to plaque macrophage recruitment. Despite these changes there is no effect of Pdgfd deletion on overall plaque burden. These findings suggest that PDGFD mediates CAD risk by promoting deleterious phenotypic changes in SMC, along with an inflammatory response that is primarily focused in the adventitia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul Cheng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Stanislao Travisano
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Chad Weldy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - João P Monteiro
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Ramendra Kundu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Trieu Nguyen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Disha Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Huitong Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Yi Lin
- Research Center for Intelligent Computing Platforms, Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, 311121, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Boxiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Saptarsi Haldar
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Simon Jackson
- Amgen Inc., 1120 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Thomas Quertermous
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, Falk CVRC, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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