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Wen J, Tian YE, Skampardoni I, Yang Z, Cui Y, Anagnostakis F, Mamourian E, Zhao B, Toga AW, Zaleskey A, Davatzikos C. The Genetic Architecture of Biological Age in Nine Human Organ Systems. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2023.06.08.23291168. [PMID: 37398441 PMCID: PMC10312870 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.23291168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the genetic basis of biological aging in multi-organ systems is vital for elucidating age-related disease mechanisms and identifying therapeutic interventions. This study characterized the genetic architecture of the biological age gap (BAG) across nine human organ systems in 377,028 individuals of European ancestry from the UK Biobank. We discovered 393 genomic loci-BAG pairs (P-value<5×10 -8 ) linked to the brain, eye, cardiovascular, hepatic, immune, metabolic, musculoskeletal, pulmonary, and renal systems. We observed BAG-organ specificity and inter-organ connections. Genetic variants associated with the nine BAGs are predominantly specific to the respective organ system while exerting pleiotropic effects on traits linked to multiple organ systems. A gene-drug-disease network confirmed the involvement of the metabolic BAG-associated genes in drugs targeting various metabolic disorders. Genetic correlation analyses supported Cheverud's Conjecture 1 - the genetic correlation between BAGs mirrors their phenotypic correlation. A causal network revealed potential causal effects linking chronic diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), body weight, and sleep duration to the BAG of multiple organ systems. Our findings shed light on promising therapeutic interventions to enhance human organ health within a complex multi-organ network, including lifestyle modifications and potential drug repositioning strategies for treating chronic diseases. All results are publicly available at https://labs-laboratory.com/medicine .
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2
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Pu F, Chen W, Li C, Fu J, Gao W, Ma C, Cao X, Zhang L, Hao M, Zhou J, Huang R, Ma Y, Hu K, Liu Z. Heterogeneous associations of multiplexed environmental factors and multidimensional aging metrics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4921. [PMID: 38858361 PMCID: PMC11164970 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49283-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Complicated associations between multiplexed environmental factors and aging are poorly understood. We manipulated aging using multidimensional metrics such as phenotypic age, brain age, and brain volumes in the UK Biobank. Weighted quantile sum regression was used to examine the relative individual contributions of multiplexed environmental factors to aging, and self-organizing maps (SOMs) were used to examine joint effects. Air pollution presented a relatively large contribution in most cases. We also found fair heterogeneities in which the same environmental factor contributed inconsistently to different aging metrics. Particulate matter contributed the most to variance in aging, while noise and green space showed considerable contribution to brain volumes. SOM identified five subpopulations with distinct environmental exposure patterns and the air pollution subpopulation had the worst aging status. This study reveals the heterogeneous associations of multiplexed environmental factors with multidimensional aging metrics and serves as a proof of concept when analyzing multifactors and multiple outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Pu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weiran Chen
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingqiao Fu
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijing Gao
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Ma
- School of Economics and Management, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Yanan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Stress and Chronic Disease Control & Prevention, Ministry of Education, China Medical University; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, China.
| | - Kejia Hu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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3
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Colditz IG, Campbell DLM, Ingham AB, Lee C. Review: Environmental enrichment builds functional capacity and improves resilience as an aspect of positive welfare in production animals. Animal 2024; 18:101173. [PMID: 38761442 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The success of the animal in coping with challenges, and in harnessing opportunities to thrive, is central to its welfare. Functional capacity describes the capacity of molecules, cells, organs, body systems, the whole animal, and its community to buffer against the impacts of environmental perturbations. This buffering capacity determines the ability of the animal to maintain or regain functions in the face of environmental perturbations, which is recognised as resilience. The accuracy of physiological regulation and the maintenance of homeostatic balance underwrite the dynamic stability of outcomes such as biorhythms, feed intake, growth, milk yield, and egg production justifying their assessment as indicators of resilience. This narrative review examines the influence of environmental enrichments, especially during developmental stages in young animals, in building functional capacity and in its subsequent expression as resilience. Experience of enriched environments can build skills and competencies across multiple functional domains including but not limited to behaviour, immunity, and metabolism thereby increasing functional capacity and facilitating resilience within the context of challenges such as husbandry practices, social change, and infection. A quantitative method for measuring the distributed property of functional capacity may improve its assessment. Methods for analysing embedded energy (emergy) in ecosystems may have utility for this goal. We suggest functional capacity provides the common thread that links environmental enrichments with an ability to express resilience and may provide a novel and useful framework for measuring and reporting resilience. We conclude that the development of functional capacity and its subsequent expression as resilience is an aspect of positive animal welfare. The emergence of resilience from system dynamics highlights a need to shift from the study of physical and mental states to the study of physical and mental dynamics to describe the positive dimension of animal welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- I G Colditz
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia.
| | - D L M Campbell
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
| | - A B Ingham
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, St. Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - C Lee
- Agriculture and Food, CSIRO, Armidale, NSW 2350, Australia
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Mathisen AF, Legøy TA, Larsen U, Unger L, Abadpour S, Paulo JA, Scholz H, Ghila L, Chera S. The age-dependent regulation of pancreatic islet landscape is fueled by a HNF1a-immune signaling loop. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111951. [PMID: 38825059 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Animal longevity is a function of global vital organ functionality and, consequently, a complex polygenic trait. Yet, monogenic regulators controlling overall or organ-specific ageing exist, owing their conservation to their function in growth and development. Here, by using pathway analysis combined with wet-biology methods on several dynamic timelines, we identified Hnf1a as a novel master regulator of the maturation and ageing in the adult pancreatic islet during the first year of life. Conditional transgenic mice bearing suboptimal levels of this transcription factor in the pancreatic islets displayed age-dependent changes, with a profile echoing precocious maturation. Additionally, the comparative pathway analysis revealed a link between Hnf1a age-dependent regulation and immune signaling, which was confirmed in the ageing timeline of an overly immunodeficient mouse model. Last, the global proteome analysis of human islets spanning three decades of life largely backed the age-specific regulation observed in mice. Collectively, our results suggest a novel role of Hnf1a as a monogenic regulator of the maturation and ageing process in the pancreatic islet via a direct or indirect regulatory loop with immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Frøslev Mathisen
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Thomas Aga Legøy
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ulrik Larsen
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lucas Unger
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Shadab Abadpour
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hanne Scholz
- Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; Institute for Surgical Research, Department of Transplant Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luiza Ghila
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Simona Chera
- Mohn Research Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Alfatah M, Lim JJJ, Zhang Y, Naaz A, Cheng TYN, Yogasundaram S, Faidzinn NA, Lin JJ, Eisenhaber B, Eisenhaber F. Uncharacterized yeast gene YBR238C, an effector of TORC1 signaling in a mitochondrial feedback loop, accelerates cellular aging via HAP4- and RMD9-dependent mechanisms. eLife 2024; 12:RP92178. [PMID: 38713053 PMCID: PMC11076046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.92178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncovering the regulators of cellular aging will unravel the complexity of aging biology and identify potential therapeutic interventions to delay the onset and progress of chronic, aging-related diseases. In this work, we systematically compared genesets involved in regulating the lifespan of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (a powerful model organism to study the cellular aging of humans) and those with expression changes under rapamycin treatment. Among the functionally uncharacterized genes in the overlap set, YBR238C stood out as the only one downregulated by rapamycin and with an increased chronological and replicative lifespan upon deletion. We show that YBR238C and its paralog RMD9 oppositely affect mitochondria and aging. YBR238C deletion increases the cellular lifespan by enhancing mitochondrial function. Its overexpression accelerates cellular aging via mitochondrial dysfunction. We find that the phenotypic effect of YBR238C is largely explained by HAP4- and RMD9-dependent mechanisms. Furthermore, we find that genetic- or chemical-based induction of mitochondrial dysfunction increases TORC1 (Target of Rapamycin Complex 1) activity that, subsequently, accelerates cellular aging. Notably, TORC1 inhibition by rapamycin (or deletion of YBR238C) improves the shortened lifespan under these mitochondrial dysfunction conditions in yeast and human cells. The growth of mutant cells (a proxy of TORC1 activity) with enhanced mitochondrial function is sensitive to rapamycin whereas the growth of defective mitochondrial mutants is largely resistant to rapamycin compared to wild type. Our findings demonstrate a feedback loop between TORC1 and mitochondria (the TORC1-MItochondria-TORC1 (TOMITO) signaling process) that regulates cellular aging processes. Hereby, YBR238C is an effector of TORC1 modulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alfatah
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jolyn Jia Jia Lim
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Yizhong Zhang
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Arshia Naaz
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Trishia Yi Ning Cheng
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Sonia Yogasundaram
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Nashrul Afiq Faidzinn
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Jovian Jing Lin
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
| | - Birgit Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- LASA – Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbHWeißwasserGermany
| | - Frank Eisenhaber
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)SingaporeSingapore
- LASA – Lausitz Advanced Scientific Applications gGmbHWeißwasserGermany
- School of Biological Sciences (SBS), Nanyang Technological University (NTU)SingaporeSingapore
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6
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Keshmiri S, Tomonaga S, Mizutani H, Doya K. Respiratory modulation of the heart rate: A potential biomarker of cardiorespiratory function in human. Comput Biol Med 2024; 173:108335. [PMID: 38564855 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2024.108335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent decade, wearable digital devices have shown potentials for the discovery of novel biomarkers of humans' physiology and behavior. Heart rate (HR) and respiration rate (RR) are most crucial bio-signals in humans' digital phenotyping research. HR is a continuous and non-invasive proxy to autonomic nervous system and ample evidence pinpoints the critical role of respiratory modulation of cardiac function. In the present study, we recorded longitudinal (7 days, 4.63 ± 1.52) HR and RR of 89 freely behaving human subjects (Female: 39, age 57.28 ± 5.67, Male: 50, age 58.48 ± 6.32) and analyzed their dynamics using linear models and information theoretic measures. While HR's linear and nonlinear characteristics were expressed within the plane of the HR-RR directed flow of information (HR→RR - RR→HR), their dynamics were determined by its RR→HR axis. More importantly, RR→HR quantified the effect of alcohol consumption on individuals' cardiorespiratory function independent of their consumed amount of alcohol, thereby signifying the presence of this habit in their daily life activities. The present findings provided evidence for the critical role of the respiratory modulation of HR, which was previously only studied in non-human animals. These results can contribute to humans' phenotyping research by presenting RR→HR as a digital diagnosis/prognosis marker of humans' cardiorespiratory pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Keshmiri
- Optical Neuroimaging Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Sutashu Tomonaga
- Neural Computation Unit (NCU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Haruo Mizutani
- Suntory Global Innovation Center Limited (SGIC), Suntory, Kyoto, Japan.
| | - Kenji Doya
- Neural Computation Unit (NCU), Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan.
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7
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Balachandran A, Pei H, Beard J, Caspi A, Cohen A, Domingue BW, Eckstein Indik C, Ferrucci L, Furuya A, Kothari M, Moffitt TE, Ryan C, Skirbekk V, Zhang Y, Belsky DW. Pace of Aging in older adults matters for healthspan and lifespan. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.04.25.24306359. [PMID: 38712264 PMCID: PMC11071564 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.25.24306359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
As societies age, policy makers need tools to understand how demographic aging will affect population health and to develop programs to increase healthspan. The current metrics used for policy analysis do not distinguish differences caused by early-life factors, such as prenatal care and nutrition, from those caused by ongoing changes in people's bodies due to aging. Here we introduce an adapted Pace of Aging method designed to quantify differences between individuals and populations in the speed of aging-related health declines. The adapted Pace of Aging method, implemented in data from N=13,626 older adults in the US Health and Retirement Study, integrates longitudinal data on blood biomarkers, physical measurements, and functional tests. It reveals stark differences in rates of aging between population subgroups and demonstrates strong and consistent prospective associations with incident morbidity, disability, and mortality. Pace of Aging can advance the population science of healthy longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Balachandran
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - H Pei
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Beard
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Caspi
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, University of London, London, UK
| | - A Cohen
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - BW Domingue
- Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C Eckstein Indik
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - L Ferrucci
- National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Furuya
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Kothari
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - TE Moffitt
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatry Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - C Ryan
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - V Skirbekk
- Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Y Zhang
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - DW Belsky
- Robert N Butler Columbia Aging Center, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Health Policy & Management, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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8
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Zane F, MacMurray C, Guillermain C, Cansell C, Todd N, Rera M. Ageing as a two-phase process: theoretical framework. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2024; 5:1378351. [PMID: 38651031 PMCID: PMC11034523 DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2024.1378351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Human ageing, along with the ageing of conventional model organisms, is depicted as a continuous and progressive decline of biological capabilities accompanied by an exponentially increasing mortality risk. However, not all organisms experience ageing identically and our understanding of the phenomenon is coloured by human-centric views. Ageing is multifaceted and influences a diverse range of species in varying ways. Some undergo swift declines post-reproduction, while others exhibit insubstantial changes throughout their existence. This vast array renders defining universally applicable "ageing attributes" a daunting task. It is nonetheless essential to recognize that not all ageing features are organism-specific. These common attributes have paved the way for identifying "hallmarks of ageing," processes that are intertwined with age, amplified during accelerated ageing, and manipulations of which can potentially modulate or even reverse the ageing process. Yet, a glaring observation is that individuals within a single population age at varying rates. To address this, demographers have coined the term 'frailty'. Concurrently, scientific advancements have ushered in the era of molecular clocks. These innovations enable a distinction between an individual's chronological age (time since birth) and biological age (physiological status and mortality risk). In 2011, the "Smurf" phenotype was unveiled in Drosophila, delineating an age-linked escalation in intestinal permeability that presages imminent mortality. It not only acts as a predictor of natural death but identifies individuals exhibiting traits normally described as age-related. Subsequent studies have revealed the phenotype in organisms like nematodes, zebrafish, and mice, invariably acting as a death predictor. Collectively, these findings have steered our conception of ageing towards a framework where ageing is not linear and continuous but marked by two distinct, necessary phases, discernible in vivo, courtesy of the Smurf phenotype. This framework includes a mathematical enunciation of longevity trends based on three experimentally measurable parameters. It facilitates a fresh perspective on the evolution of ageing as a function. In this article, we aim to delineate and explore the foundational principles of this innovative framework, emphasising its potential to reshape our understanding of ageing, challenge its conventional definitions, and recalibrate our comprehension of its evolutionary trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flaminia Zane
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR U1284, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Céline Cansell
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| | - Nicolas Todd
- Eco-Anthropologie (EA), Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Université de Paris, Musée de l’Homme, Paris, France
| | - Michael Rera
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR 7592, Paris, France
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Qu Y, Liu W, Wen J, Li M. Adaptive robust structure exploration for complex systems based on model configuration and fusion. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e1983. [PMID: 38660165 PMCID: PMC11041945 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Analyzing and obtaining useful information is challenging when facing a new complex system. Traditional methods often focus on specific structural aspects, such as communities, which may overlook the important features and result in biased conclusions. To address this, this article suggests an adaptive algorithm for exploring complex system structures using a generative model. This method calculates and optimizes node parameters, which can reflect the latent structural characteristics of the complex system. The effectiveness and stability of this method have been demonstrated in comparative experiments on 10 sets of benchmark networks using our model parameter configuration scheme. To enhance adaptability, algorithm fusion strategies were also proposed and tested on two real-world networks. The results indicate that the algorithm can uncover multiple structural features, including clustering, overlapping, and local chaining. This adaptive algorithm provides a promising approach for exploring complex system structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfei Qu
- Computer Science and Technology Post-Doctoral Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wanbing Liu
- Hengda Fuji Elevator Co. Ltd., Huzhou, China
| | - Junhao Wen
- Computer Science and Technology Post-Doctoral Station, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Intelligent Perception and Blockchain Technology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing, China
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10
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Soheili-Nezhad S, Ibáñez-Solé O, Izeta A, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Stoeger T. Time is ticking faster for long genes in aging. Trends Genet 2024; 40:299-312. [PMID: 38519330 PMCID: PMC11003850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies of aging organisms have identified a systematic phenomenon, characterized by a negative correlation between gene length and their expression in various cell types, species, and diseases. We term this phenomenon gene-length-dependent transcription decline (GLTD) and suggest that it may represent a bottleneck in the transcription machinery and thereby significantly contribute to aging as an etiological factor. We review potential links between GLTD and key aging processes such as DNA damage and explore their potential in identifying disease modification targets. Notably, in Alzheimer's disease, GLTD spotlights extremely long synaptic genes at chromosomal fragile sites (CFSs) and their vulnerability to postmitotic DNA damage. We suggest that GLTD is an integral element of biological aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourena Soheili-Nezhad
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Ibáñez-Solé
- Stem Cells & Aging Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Institute for Genome Stability in Aging and Disease, Medical Faculty, University and University Hospital of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Ander Izeta
- Stem Cells & Aging Group, Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; Tecnun-University of Navarra, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, Cluster of Excellence for Aging Research, Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, Cologne, Germany; Princess Maxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Thomas Stoeger
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Potocsnak Longevity Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science, Chicago, IL, USA.
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11
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Bencivenga L, Strumia M, Rolland Y, Guyonnet S, Parini A, Cestac P, Andrieu S, Souto Barreto PD, Rouch L. Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability is associated with intrinsic capacity decline: Results from the MAPT Study. Eur J Intern Med 2024:S0953-6205(24)00097-9. [PMID: 38499456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of the body physiological regulatory mechanisms declines in late life, and increased Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) may represent an alteration in cardiovascular homeostatic patterns. Intrinsic Capacity (IC) has been proposed by the World Health Organization as a marker of healthy aging, based on individual's functional abilities and intended at preserving successful aging. We aimed to investigate the association of visit-to-visit BPV with IC decline in a population of community-dwelling older adults. METHODS The study population consisted of 1407 community-dwelling participants aged ≥70 years from the MAPT study evaluated during the 5-year follow-up. Systolic BPV (SBPV) and diastolic BPV (DBPV) were determined through six indicators. Cognition, psychology, locomotion and vitality constituted the four IC domains assessed. Total IC Z-score resulted from the sum of the four domains Z-scores divided by 4. The incidence of domain impairment over time was also assessed. RESULTS Higher SBPV was significantly associated with poorer IC Z-scores in all linear mixed models [1-SD increase of CV%: β(SE)=-0.010(0.001), p < 0.01]. Similar results were observed for DBPV [1-SD increase of CV%: β(SE)=-0.003(0.001), p = 0.02]. Incident IC impairment was significantly higher in participants with greater SBPV, [HR=1.16 (95 % CI, 1.01-1.33), p = 0.03], while greater DBPV did not show a higher risk of incident IC impairment. CONCLUSIONS Greater BPV is associated with IC decline over time. Our findings support BP instability as a presumable index of altered cardiovascular homeostatic mechanism, suggesting that BPV might be a clinical marker of aging and addressable risk factor for promoting healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Bencivenga
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Napoli, Italy; Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France.
| | - Mathilde Strumia
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Rolland
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Guyonnet
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Angelo Parini
- Institut Des Maladies Métaboliques Et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Cestac
- Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Andrieu
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipe De Souto Barreto
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Laure Rouch
- Gérontopôle de Toulouse, Institut du Vieillissement, CHU de Toulouse, France; UMR INSERM 1295, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Department of Pharmacy, Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
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12
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Kriete A. Dissipative scaling of development and aging in multicellular organisms. Biosystems 2024; 237:105157. [PMID: 38367762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2024.105157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Evolution, self-replication and ontogenesis are highly dynamic, irreversible and self-organizing processes dissipating energy. While progress has been made to decipher the role of thermodynamics in cellular fission, it is not yet clear how entropic balances shape organism growth and aging. This paper derives a general dissipation theory for the life history of organisms. It implies a self-regulated energy dissipation facilitating exponential growth within a hierarchical and entropy lowering self-organization. The theory predicts ceilings in energy expenditures imposed by geometric constrains, which promote thermal optimality during development, and a dissipative scaling across organisms consistent with ecological scaling laws combining isometric and allometric terms. The theory also illustrates how growing organisms can tolerate damage through continuous extension and production of new dissipative structures low in entropy. However, when organisms reduce their rate of cell division and reach a steady adult state, they become thermodynamically unstable, increase internal entropy by accumulating damage, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Kriete
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Bossone Research Center, 3141 Chestnut St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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13
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Park S, Laskow TC, Chen J, Guha P, Dawn B, Kim DH. Microphysiological systems for human aging research. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14070. [PMID: 38180277 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organs-on-a-chip (OoC), enable the recapitulation of more complex organ and tissue functions on a smaller scale in vitro. MPS therefore provide the potential to better understand human diseases and physiology. To date, numerous MPS platforms have been developed for various tissues and organs, including the heart, liver, kidney, blood vessels, muscle, and adipose tissue. However, only a few studies have explored using MPS platforms to unravel the effects of aging on human physiology and the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Age is one of the risk factors for many diseases, and enormous interest has been devoted to aging research. As such, a human MPS aging model could provide a more predictive tool to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human aging and age-related diseases. These models can also be used to evaluate preclinical drugs for age-related diseases and translate them into clinical settings. Here, we provide a review on the application of MPS in aging research. First, we offer an overview of the molecular, cellular, and physiological changes with age in several tissues or organs. Next, we discuss previous aging models and the current state of MPS for studying human aging and age-related conditions. Lastly, we address the limitations of current MPS and present future directions on the potential of MPS platforms for human aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungman Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Thomas C Laskow
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jingchun Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Prasun Guha
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Microphysiological Systems, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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14
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Uleman JF, Quax R, Melis RJF, Hoekstra AG, Olde Rikkert MGM. The need for systems thinking to advance Alzheimer's disease research. Psychiatry Res 2024; 333:115741. [PMID: 38277813 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite extensive research efforts to mechanistically understand late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) and other complex mental health disorders, curative treatments remain elusive. We emphasize the multiscale multicausality inherent to LOAD, highlighting the interplay between interconnected pathophysiological processes and risk factors. Systems thinking methods, such as causal loop diagrams and systems dynamic models, offer powerful means to capture and study this complexity. Recent studies developed and validated a causal loop diagram and system dynamics model using multiple longitudinal data sets, enabling the simulation of personalized interventions on various modifiable risk factors in LOAD. The results indicate that targeting factors like sleep disturbance and depressive symptoms could be promising and yield synergistic benefits. Furthermore, personalized interventions showed significant potential, with top-ranked intervention strategies differing significantly across individuals. We argue that systems thinking approaches can open new prospects for multifactorial precision medicine. In future research, systems thinking may also guide structured, model-driven data collection on the multiple interactions in LOAD's complex multicausality, facilitating theory development and possibly resulting in effective prevention and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen F Uleman
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Rick Quax
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - René J F Melis
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Informatics Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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15
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Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Exploring Patterns of Human Mortality and Aging: A Reliability Theory Viewpoint. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:341-355. [PMID: 38622100 PMCID: PMC11090256 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The most important manifestation of aging is an increased risk of death with advancing age, a mortality pattern characterized by empirical regularities known as mortality laws. We highlight three significant ones: the Gompertz law, compensation effect of mortality (CEM), and late-life mortality deceleration and describe new developments in this area. It is predicted that CEM should result in declining relative variability of mortality at older ages. The quiescent phase hypothesis of negligible actuarial aging at younger adult ages is tested and refuted by analyzing mortality of the most recent birth cohorts. To comprehend the aging mechanisms, it is crucial to explain the observed empirical mortality patterns. As an illustrative example of data-directed modeling and the insights it provides, we briefly describe two different reliability models applied to human mortality patterns. The explanation of aging using a reliability theory approach aligns with evolutionary theories of aging, including idea of chronic phenoptosis. This alignment stems from their focus on elucidating the process of organismal deterioration itself, rather than addressing the reasons why organisms are not designed for perpetual existence. This article is a part of a special issue of the journal that commemorates the legacy of the eminent Russian scientist Vladimir Petrovich Skulachev (1935-2023) and his bold ideas about evolution of biological aging and phenoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid A Gavrilov
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109028, Russia
| | - Natalia S Gavrilova
- NORC at the University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Institute for Demographic Research, Federal Center of Theoretical and Applied Sociology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 109028, Russia
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16
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Nielsen PY, Jensen MK, Mitarai N, Bhatt S. The Gompertz Law emerges naturally from the inter-dependencies between sub-components in complex organisms. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1196. [PMID: 38216698 PMCID: PMC10786855 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding and facilitating healthy aging has become a major goal in medical research and it is becoming increasingly acknowledged that there is a need for understanding the aging phenotype as a whole rather than focusing on individual factors. Here, we provide a universal explanation for the emergence of Gompertzian mortality patterns using a systems approach to describe aging in complex organisms that consist of many inter-dependent subsystems. Our model relates to the Sufficient-Component Cause Model, widely used within the field of epidemiology, and we show that including inter-dependencies between subsystems and modeling the temporal evolution of subsystem failure results in Gompertizan mortality on the population level. Our model also provides temporal trajectories of mortality-risk for the individual. These results may give insight into understanding how biological age evolves stochastically within the individual, and how this in turn leads to a natural heterogeneity of biological age in a population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Yde Nielsen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Namiko Mitarai
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Samir Bhatt
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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17
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Moaddel R, Ubaida‐Mohien C, Tanaka T, Tian Q, Candia J, Moore AZ, Lovett J, Fantoni G, Shehadeh N, Turek L, Collingham V, Kaileh M, Chia CW, Sen R, Egan JM, Ferrucci L. Cross-sectional analysis of healthy individuals across decades: Aging signatures across multiple physiological compartments. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13902. [PMID: 37350292 PMCID: PMC10776121 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of age-related biomarkers from different biofluids and tissues within the same individual might provide a more comprehensive understanding of age-related changes within and between compartments as these changes are likely highly interconnected. Understanding age-related differences by compartments may shed light on the mechanism of their reciprocal interactions, which may contribute to the phenotypic manifestations of aging. To study such possible interactions, we carried out a targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma, skeletal muscle, and urine collected from healthy participants, age 22-92 years, and identified 92, 34, and 35 age-associated metabolites, respectively. The metabolic pathways that were identified across compartments included inflammation and cellular senescence, microbial metabolism, mitochondrial health, sphingolipid metabolism, lysosomal membrane permeabilization, vascular aging, and kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | | | - Toshiko Tanaka
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qu Tian
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Julián Candia
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ann Zenobia Moore
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jacqueline Lovett
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Giovanna Fantoni
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Nader Shehadeh
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Lisa Turek
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Victoria Collingham
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Mary Kaileh
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Chee W. Chia
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ranjan Sen
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Josephine M. Egan
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research CentreNational Institute on Aging, NIHBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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18
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Cohen NM, Lifshitz A, Jaschek R, Rinott E, Balicer R, Shlush LI, Barbash GI, Tanay A. Longitudinal machine learning uncouples healthy aging factors from chronic disease risks. NATURE AGING 2024; 4:129-144. [PMID: 38062254 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
To understand human longevity, inherent aging processes must be distinguished from known etiologies leading to age-related chronic diseases. Such deconvolution is difficult to achieve because it requires tracking patients throughout their entire lives. Here, we used machine learning to infer health trajectories over the entire adulthood age range using extrapolation from electronic medical records with partial longitudinal coverage. Using this approach, our model tracked the state of patients who were healthy and free from known chronic disease risk and distinguished individuals with higher or lower longevity potential using a multivariate score. We showed that the model and the markers it uses performed consistently on data from Israeli, British and US populations. For example, mildly low neutrophil counts and alkaline phosphatase levels serve as early indicators of healthy aging that are independent of risk for major chronic diseases. We characterize the heritability and genetic associations of our longevity score and demonstrate at least 1 year of extended lifespan for parents of high-scoring patients compared to matched controls. Longitudinal modeling of healthy individuals is thereby established as a tool for understanding healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Netta Mendelson Cohen
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aviezer Lifshitz
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rami Jaschek
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ehud Rinott
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ran Balicer
- Clalit Research Institute, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Liran I Shlush
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gabriel I Barbash
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Amos Tanay
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Math, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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19
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Voisin S, Seale K, Jacques M, Landen S, Harvey NR, Haupt LM, Griffiths LR, Ashton KJ, Coffey VG, Thompson JM, Doering TM, Lindholm ME, Walsh C, Davison G, Irwin R, McBride C, Hansson O, Asplund O, Heikkinen AE, Piirilä P, Pietiläinen KH, Ollikainen M, Blocquiaux S, Thomis M, Coletta DK, Sharples AP, Eynon N. Exercise is associated with younger methylome and transcriptome profiles in human skeletal muscle. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e13859. [PMID: 37128843 PMCID: PMC10776126 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise training prevents age-related decline in muscle function. Targeting epigenetic aging is a promising actionable mechanism and late-life exercise mitigates epigenetic aging in rodent muscle. Whether exercise training can decelerate, or reverse epigenetic aging in humans is unknown. Here, we performed a powerful meta-analysis of the methylome and transcriptome of an unprecedented number of human skeletal muscle samples (n = 3176). We show that: (1) individuals with higher baseline aerobic fitness have younger epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles, (2) exercise training leads to significant shifts of epigenetic and transcriptomic patterns toward a younger profile, and (3) muscle disuse "ages" the transcriptome. Higher fitness levels were associated with attenuated differential methylation and transcription during aging. Furthermore, both epigenetic and transcriptomic profiles shifted toward a younger state after exercise training interventions, while the transcriptome shifted toward an older state after forced muscle disuse. We demonstrate that exercise training targets many of the age-related transcripts and DNA methylation loci to maintain younger methylome and transcriptome profiles, specifically in genes related to muscle structure, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Our comprehensive analysis will inform future studies aiming to identify the best combination of therapeutics and exercise regimes to optimize longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Voisin
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - Kirsten Seale
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Macsue Jacques
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shanie Landen
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
| | - Nicholas R. Harvey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Larisa M. Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering TechnologiesQueensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
- Max Planck Queensland Centre for the Materials Sciences of Extracellular MatricesBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Lyn R. Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical SciencesQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Kevin J. Ashton
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Vernon G. Coffey
- Faculty of Health Sciences and MedicineBond UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | | | - Thomas M. Doering
- School of Health, Medical and Applied SciencesCentral Queensland UniversityRockhamptonQueenslandAustralia
| | - Malene E. Lindholm
- Department of Medicine, School of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Colum Walsh
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Gareth Davison
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Rachelle Irwin
- Genomic Medicine Research Group, School of Biomedical SciencesUlster UniversityColeraineUK
| | - Catherine McBride
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research InstituteUlster UniversityBelfastUK
| | - Ola Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Olof Asplund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Genomics, Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Lund University Diabetes CenterLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Aino E. Heikkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
| | - Päivi Piirilä
- Unit of Clinical PhysiologyHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kirsi H. Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HealthyWeightHub, Endocrinology, Abdominal CenterHelsinki University Hospital and University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Miina Ollikainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM)Helsinki UniversityHelsinkiFinland
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical ResearchHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sara Blocquiaux
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research GroupKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Martine Thomis
- Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research GroupKU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Dawn K. Coletta
- Department of Medicine, Division of EndocrinologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- UA Center for Disparities in Diabetes Obesity and MetabolismUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
- Department of PhysiologyUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Adam P. Sharples
- Institute of Physical PerformanceNorwegian School of Sport SciencesOsloNorway
| | - Nir Eynon
- Institute for Health and Sport (iHeS)Victoria UniversityFootscrayVictoriaAustralia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine InstituteMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
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20
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Li Q, Legault V, Hermann Honfo S, Milot E, Jia Q, Wang F, Ferrucci L, Bandinelli S, Cohen AA. Physiological Dysregulation Proceeds and Predicts Health Outcomes Similarly in Chinese and Western Populations. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad146. [PMID: 37313838 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A decade ago, we proposed an index of physiological dysregulation based on Mahalanobis distance (DM) that measures how far from the norm an individual biomarker profile is. While extensive validation has been performed, focus was mostly on Western populations with little comparison to developing countries, particularly at a physiological system level. The degree to which the approach would work in other sociocultural contexts and the similarity of dysregulation signatures across diverse populations are still open questions. METHODS Using 2 data sets from China and 3 from Western countries (United States, United Kingdom, and Italy), we calculated DM globally and per physiological system. We assessed pairwise correlations among systems, difference with age, prediction of mortality and age-related diseases, and sensitivity to interchanging data sets with one another as the reference in DM calculation. RESULTS Overall, results were comparable across all data sets. Different physiological systems showed distinct dysregulation processes. Association with age was moderate and often nonlinear, similarly for all populations. Mahalanobis distance predicted most health outcomes, although differently by physiological system. Using a Chinese population as the reference when calculating DM for Western populations, or vice versa, led to similar associations with health outcomes, with a few exceptions. CONCLUSIONS While small differences were noticeable, they did not systematically emerge between Chinese and Western populations, but rather diffusively across all data sets. These findings suggest that DM presents similar properties, notwithstanding sociocultural backgrounds, and that it is equally effective in capturing the loss of homeostasis that occurs during aging in diverse industrial human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- Center for Innovation Management Research of Xinjiang, Urumqi 830046, China
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Véronique Legault
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Sewanou Hermann Honfo
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Emmanuel Milot
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Quebec G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Qingzhou Jia
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Fuqing Wang
- School of Economics and Management, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Longitudinal Studies Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, MedStar Harbor Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland 21225, USA
| | | | - Alan A Cohen
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
- Research Center on Aging, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 4C4, Canada
- Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec J1H 5N4, Canada
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21
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Kumar A, Goudar VS, Nahak BK, Tsai PH, Lin HW, Tseng FG. [Ru(dpp) 3 ]Cl 2 -Embedded Oxygen Nano Polymeric Sensors: A Promising Tool for Monitoring Intracellular and Intratumoral Oxygen Gradients with High Quantum Yield and Long Lifetime. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2307955. [PMID: 38148312 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202307955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling the intricacies between oxygen dynamics and cellular processes in the tumor microenvironment (TME) hinges upon precise monitoring of intracellular and intratumoral oxygen levels, which holds paramount significance. The majority of these reported oxygen nanoprobes suffer compromised lifetime and quantum yield when exposed to the robust ROS activities prevalent in TME, limiting their prolonged in vitro usability. Herein, the ruthenium-embedded oxygen nano polymeric sensor (Ru-ONPS) is proposed for precise oxygen gradient monitoring within the cellular environment and TME. Ru-ONPS (≈64±7 nm) incorporates [Ru(dpp)3 ]Cl2 dye into F-127 and crosslinks it with urea and paraformaldehyde, ensuring a prolonged lifetime (5.4 µs), high quantum yield (66.65 ± 2.43% in N2 and 49.80 ± 3.14% in O2 ), superior photostability (>30 min), and excellent stability in diverse environmental conditions. Based on the Stern-Volmer plot, the Ru-ONPS shows complete linearity for a wide dynamic range (0-23 mg L-1 ), with a detection limit of 10 µg mL-1 . Confocal imaging reveals Ru-ONPS cellular uptake and intratumoral distribution. After 72 h, HCT-8 cells show 5.20±1.03% oxygen levels, while NIH3T3 cells have 7.07±1.90%. Co-culture spheroids display declining oxygen levels of 17.90±0.88%, 10.90±0.88%, and 5.10±1.18%, at 48, 120, and 216 h, respectively. Ru-ONPS advances cellular oxygen measurement and facilitates hypoxia-dependent metastatic research and therapeutic target identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Venkanagouda S Goudar
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Bishal Kumar Nahak
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Ping-Hsun Tsai
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Hao-Wu Lin
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
| | - Fan-Gang Tseng
- Department of Engineering and System Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Institute of Nano Engineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 115201, Taiwan ROC
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 300044, Taiwan ROC
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22
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Klotz LO, Carlberg C. Nutrigenomics and redox regulation: Concepts relating to the Special Issue on nutrigenomics. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102920. [PMID: 37839954 PMCID: PMC10624588 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During our whole lifespan, from conception to death, the epigenomes of all tissues and cell types of our body integrate signals from the environment. This includes signals derived from our diet and the uptake of macro- and micronutrients. In most cases, this leads only to transient changes, but some effects of this epigenome programming process are persistent and can even be transferred to the next generation. Both epigenetic programming and redox processes are affected by the individual choice of diet and other lifestyle decisions like physical activity. The nutrient-gene communication pathways have adapted during human evolution and are essential for maintaining health. However, when they are maladaptive, such as in long-term obesity, they significantly contribute to diseases like type 2 diabetes and cancer. The field of nutrigenomics investigates nutrition-related signal transduction pathways and their effect on gene expression involving interactions both with the genome and the epigenomes. Several of these diet-(epi)genome interactions and the involved signal transduction cascades are redox-regulated. Examples include the effects of the NAD+/NADH ratio, vitamin C levels and secondary metabolites of dietary molecules from plants on the acetylation and methylation state of the epigenome as well as on gene expression through redox-sensitive pathways via the transcription factors NFE2L2 and FOXO. In this review, we summarize and extend on these topics as well as those discussed in the articles of this Special Issue and take them into the context of redox biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars-Oliver Klotz
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Nutrigenomics Section, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Carlberg
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PL-10-748, Olsztyn, Poland; School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
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23
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Park SC, Lee YS, Cho KA, Kim SY, Lee YI, Lee SR, Lim IK. What matters in aging is signaling for responsiveness. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 252:108560. [PMID: 37952903 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological responsiveness refers to the capacity of living organisms to adapt to changes in both their internal and external environments through physiological and behavioral mechanisms. One of the prominent aspects of aging is the decline in this responsiveness, which can lead to a deterioration in the processes required for maintenance, survival, and growth. The vital link between physiological responsiveness and the essential life processes lies within the signaling systems. To devise effective strategies for controlling the aging process, a comprehensive reevaluation of this connecting loop is imperative. This review aims to explore the impact of aging on signaling systems responsible for responsiveness and introduce a novel perspective on intervening in the aging process by restoring the compromised responsiveness. These innovative mechanistic approaches for modulating altered responsiveness hold the potential to illuminate the development of action plans aimed at controlling the aging process and treating age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Chul Park
- The Future Life & Society Research Center, Advanced Institute of Aging Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung A Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Il Lee
- Well Aging Research Center, Division of Biotechnology, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Engineering Major, Department of Interdisciplinary Studies, DGIST, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Rock Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeollanam-do 58128, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Aging and Geriatrics, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea
| | - In Kyoung Lim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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24
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Fernandez ME, Martinez-Romero J, Aon MA, Bernier M, Price NL, de Cabo R. How is Big Data reshaping preclinical aging research? Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:289-314. [PMID: 38017182 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01286-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The exponential scientific and technological progress during the past 30 years has favored the comprehensive characterization of aging processes with their multivariate nature, leading to the advent of Big Data in preclinical aging research. Spanning from molecular omics to organism-level deep phenotyping, Big Data demands large computational resources for storage and analysis, as well as new analytical tools and conceptual frameworks to gain novel insights leading to discovery. Systems biology has emerged as a paradigm that utilizes Big Data to gain insightful information enabling a better understanding of living organisms, visualized as multilayered networks of interacting molecules, cells, tissues and organs at different spatiotemporal scales. In this framework, where aging, health and disease represent emergent states from an evolving dynamic complex system, context given by, for example, strain, sex and feeding times, becomes paramount for defining the biological trajectory of an organism. Using bioinformatics and artificial intelligence, the systems biology approach is leading to remarkable advances in our understanding of the underlying mechanism of aging biology and assisting in creative experimental study designs in animal models. Future in-depth knowledge acquisition will depend on the ability to fully integrate information from different spatiotemporal scales in organisms, which will probably require the adoption of theories and methods from the field of complex systems. Here we review state-of-the-art approaches in preclinical research, with a focus on rodent models, that are leading to conceptual and/or technical advances in leveraging Big Data to understand basic aging biology and its full translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Emilia Fernandez
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jorge Martinez-Romero
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miguel A Aon
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michel Bernier
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nathan L Price
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Experimental Gerontology Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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25
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Yang M, Harrison BR, Promislow DEL. Cellular age explains variation in age-related cell-to-cell transcriptome variability. Genome Res 2023; 33:gr.278144.123. [PMID: 37973195 PMCID: PMC10760448 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278144.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Organs and tissues age at different rates within a single individual. Such asynchrony in aging has been widely observed at multiple levels, from functional hallmarks, such as anatomical structures and physiological processes, to molecular endophenotypes, such as the transcriptome and metabolome. However, we lack a conceptual framework to understand why some components age faster than others. Just as demographic models explain why aging evolves, here we test the hypothesis that demographic differences among cell types, determined by cell-specific differences in turnover rate, can explain why the transcriptome shows signs of aging in some cell types but not others. Through analysis of mouse single-cell transcriptome data across diverse tissues and ages, we find that cellular age explains a large proportion of the variation in the age-related increase in transcriptome variance. We further show that long-lived cells are characterized by relatively high expression of genes associated with proteostasis and that the transcriptome of long-lived cells shows greater evolutionary constraint than short-lived cells. In contrast, in short-lived cell types, the transcriptome is enriched for genes associated with DNA repair. Based on these observations, we develop a novel heuristic model that explains how and why aging rates differ among cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Benjamin R Harrison
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA;
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike May
- Freelance writer and editor, Oak Harbor, WA, USA
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27
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Koivunen K, Löppönen A, Palmberg L, Rantalainen T, Rantanen T, Karavirta L. Autonomic nervous system and postural control regulation during orthostatic test as putative markers of physical resilience among community-dwelling older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 182:112292. [PMID: 37738781 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examined whether autonomic nervous system (ANS) and postural control regulation during orthostatic test reflect physical resilience by studying their associations with maximal walking speed and mortality. METHODS The participants were community-dwelling Finnish men (n = 303) and women (n = 386) aged 75, 80, and 85 years at baseline. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP), heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate, and postural sway were obtained using a digital sphygmomanometer, a single-channel ECG, and thigh- and chest-worn accelerometers. Linear and Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of the physiological indices with maximal 10-m walking speed and 5-year mortality separately for sexes. RESULTS Better maintenance of BP under orthostatic stress was associated with faster walking speed in women and lower mortality hazard in men. Greater HRV in terms of low frequency power and lower respiration rate in supine position and smaller orthostatic changes in these were associated with faster walking speed especially in women. Less postural sway after standing up was associated with faster walking speed in women (-0.057, SE 0.022, p = 0.011) and more postural sway with increased mortality hazard in men (HR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.20-2.43) even after controlling for BP responses. CONCLUSIONS In addition to ANS regulation at rest and under stress, adaptation of postural control system to orthostasis may be used in quantifying older adults' physical resilience. Wearable sensors capturing stimulus-response patterns and natural fluctuations of body functions may provide opportunities to monitor and incorporate different subsystems' resilience also in free-living conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Koivunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, the University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Antti Löppönen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, the University of Jyväskylä, Finland; Department of Movement Sciences, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotta Palmberg
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, the University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, the University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, the University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Laura Karavirta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, the University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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28
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Kolb H, Kempf K, Martin S. Insulin and aging - a disappointing relationship. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1261298. [PMID: 37854186 PMCID: PMC10579801 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1261298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies in animal models of aging such as nematodes, fruit flies or mice have observed that decreased levels of insulin or insulin signaling promotes longevity. In humans, hyperinsulinemia and concomitant insulin resistance are associated with an elevated risk of age-related diseases suggestive of a shortened healthspan. Age-related disorders include neurodegenerative diseases, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes. High ambient insulin concentrations promote increased lipogenesis and fat storage, heightened protein synthesis and accumulation of non-functional polypeptides due to limited turnover capacity. Moreover, there is impaired autophagy activity, and less endothelial NO synthase activity. These changes are associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The cellular stress induced by anabolic activity of insulin initiates an adaptive response aiming at maintaining homeostasis, characterized by activation of the transcription factor Nrf2, of AMP activated kinase, and an unfolded protein response. This protective response is more potent in the long-lived human species than in short-lived models of aging research resulting in a stronger pro-aging impact of insulin in nematodes and fruit flies. In humans, resistance to insulin-induced cell stress decreases with age, because of an increase of insulin and insulin resistance levels but less Nrf2 activation. These detrimental changes might be contained by adopting a lifestyle that promotes low insulin/insulin resistance levels and enhances an adaptive response to cellular stress, as observed with dietary restriction or exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Kolb
- Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kempf
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephan Martin
- Faculty of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- West-German Centre of Diabetes and Health, Düsseldorf Catholic Hospital Group, Düsseldorf, Germany
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29
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Thuany M, Bandeira PFR, Vieira D, Weiss K, Knechtle B, Gomes TN. The subject-environment interplay between runners from different Brazilian macro-regions. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1134797. [PMID: 37809282 PMCID: PMC10557527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1134797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Our purpose was to investigate the interplay between runners and their environment using a network approach. Methods This cross-sectional study sampled Brazilian runners of both sexes, from the five macro-regions of the country. An electronic questionnaire was used to obtain information regarding age, sex, training volume, socio-economic level, place of residence, and running pace. Environmental indicators (public illumination, pavement, sidewalk, and green areas) were collected from available public information. Descriptive statistics were presented in mean (SD), and frequency (%). A network analysis was performed to evaluate the association between individual and environmental characteristics. Statistical analyses were performed in the JASP, considering p < 0.05. Results At North and Mid-West regions, public illumination presents the highest values for the expected influence (1.74 and 1.56), while in Northeast and Southeast, sidewalks present the highest values (2.13; 0.91). For betweenness centrality, in North, Northeast, and Mid-West regions, residency in the capital of a state presented a hub. In contrast, pavement, and training volume present higher values in the South and Southeast. Network topologies are different. Conclusion Public illumination (North and Mid-West) and sidewalk (Northeast, Southeast) were the most important variables for runners. Continental size countries need specific approaches to improve physical activity levels and health outcomes that consider the cultural, historical, and environmental background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabliny Thuany
- Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport (CIFI2D), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Felipe Ribeiro Bandeira
- Department of Physical Education, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, Ceará, Brazil
- Federal University of Vale do São Francisco—UNIVASF, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Douglas Vieira
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Katja Weiss
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Beat Knechtle
- Institute of Primary Care, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medbase St. Gallen Am Vadianplatz, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Thayse Natacha Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program of Physical Education, Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Sergipe, Brazil
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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30
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Uleman JF, Melis RJF, Hoekstra AG, Olde Rikkert MGM, Quax R. Exploring the potential impact of multi-factor precision interventions in Alzheimer's disease with system dynamics. J Biomed Inform 2023; 145:104462. [PMID: 37516375 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbi.2023.104462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical trials based on a single-cause paradigm have not resulted in efficacious treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, prevention trials that simultaneously intervened on multiple risk factors have shown mixed results, suggesting that careful design is necessary. Moreover, intensive pilot precision medicine (PM) trial results have been promising but may not generalize to a broader population. These observations suggest that a model-based approach to multi-factor precision medicine (PM) is warranted. We systematically developed a system dynamics model (SDM) of AD for PM using data from two longitudinal studies (N=3660). This method involved a model selection procedure in identifying interaction terms between the SDM components and estimating individualized parameters. We used the SDM to explore simulated single- and double-factor interventions on 14 modifiable risk factors. We quantified the potential impact of double-factor interventions over single-factor interventions as 1.5 [95% CI: 1.5-2.6] and of SDM-based PM over a one-size-fits-all approach as 3.5 [3.1, 3.8] ADAS-cog-13 points in 12 years. Although the model remains to be validated, we tentatively conclude that multi-factor PM could come to play an important role in AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeroen F Uleman
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - René J F Melis
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons G Hoekstra
- Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G M Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Medical Neuroscience, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Quax
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, Faculty of Science, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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31
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Fernandes TG. Organoids as complex (bio)systems. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1268540. [PMID: 37691827 PMCID: PMC10485618 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1268540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are three-dimensional structures derived from stem cells that mimic the organization and function of specific organs, making them valuable tools for studying complex systems in biology. This paper explores the application of complex systems theory to understand and characterize organoids as exemplars of intricate biological systems. By identifying and analyzing common design principles observed across diverse natural, technological, and social complex systems, we can gain insights into the underlying mechanisms governing organoid behavior and function. This review outlines general design principles found in complex systems and demonstrates how these principles manifest within organoids. By acknowledging organoids as representations of complex systems, we can illuminate our understanding of their normal physiological behavior and gain valuable insights into the alterations that can lead to disease. Therefore, incorporating complex systems theory into the study of organoids may foster novel perspectives in biology and pave the way for new avenues of research and therapeutic interventions to improve human health and wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago G. Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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32
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Bapteste E, Huneman P, Keller L, Teulière J, Lopez P, Teeling EC, Lindner AB, Baudisch A, Ludington WB, Franceschi C. Expanding evolutionary theories of ageing to better account for symbioses and interactions throughout the Web of Life. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101982. [PMID: 37321383 PMCID: PMC10771319 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
How, when, and why organisms age are fascinating issues that can only be fully addressed by adopting an evolutionary perspective. Consistently, the main evolutionary theories of ageing, namely the Mutation Accumulation theory, the Antagonistic Pleiotropy theory, and the Disposable Soma theory, have formulated stimulating hypotheses that structure current debates on both the proximal and ultimate causes of organismal ageing. However, all these theories leave a common area of biology relatively under-explored. The Mutation Accumulation theory and the Antagonistic Pleiotropy theory were developed under the traditional framework of population genetics, and therefore are logically centred on the ageing of individuals within a population. The Disposable Soma theory, based on principles of optimising physiology, mainly explains ageing within a species. Consequently, current leading evolutionary theories of ageing do not explicitly model the countless interspecific and ecological interactions, such as symbioses and host-microbiomes associations, increasingly recognized to shape organismal evolution across the Web of Life. Moreover, the development of network modelling supporting a deeper understanding on the molecular interactions associated with ageing within and between organisms is also bringing forward new questions regarding how and why molecular pathways associated with ageing evolved. Here, we take an evolutionary perspective to examine the effects of organismal interactions on ageing across different levels of biological organisation, and consider the impact of surrounding and nested systems on organismal ageing. We also apply this perspective to suggest open issues with potential to expand the standard evolutionary theories of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bapteste
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France.
| | - Philippe Huneman
- Institut d'Histoire et de Philosophie des Sciences et des Techniques (CNRS/ Université Paris I Sorbonne), Paris, France
| | - Laurent Keller
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jérôme Teulière
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Lopez
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Emma C Teeling
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ariel B Lindner
- Université de Paris, INSERM U1284, Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity (CRI), Paris, France
| | - Annette Baudisch
- Interdisciplinary Centre on Population Dynamics, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - William B Ludington
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy; Department of Applied Mathematics and Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Aging, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia
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Watanabe K, Wilmanski T, Baloni P, Robinson M, Garcia GG, Hoopmann MR, Midha MK, Baxter DH, Maes M, Morrone SR, Crebs KM, Kapil C, Kusebauch U, Wiedrick J, Lapidus J, Pflieger L, Lausted C, Roach JC, Glusman G, Cummings SR, Schork NJ, Price ND, Hood L, Miller RA, Moritz RL, Rappaport N. Lifespan-extending interventions induce consistent patterns of fatty acid oxidation in mouse livers. Commun Biol 2023; 6:768. [PMID: 37481675 PMCID: PMC10363145 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05128-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging manifests as progressive deteriorations in homeostasis, requiring systems-level perspectives to investigate the gradual molecular dysregulation of underlying biological processes. Here, we report systemic changes in the molecular regulation of biological processes under multiple lifespan-extending interventions. Differential Rank Conservation (DIRAC) analyses of mouse liver proteomics and transcriptomics data show that mechanistically distinct lifespan-extending interventions (acarbose, 17α-estradiol, rapamycin, and calorie restriction) generally tighten the regulation of biological modules. These tightening patterns are similar across the interventions, particularly in processes such as fatty acid oxidation, immune response, and stress response. Differences in DIRAC patterns between proteins and transcripts highlight specific modules which may be tightened via augmented cap-independent translation. Moreover, the systemic shifts in fatty acid metabolism are supported through integrated analysis of liver transcriptomics data with a mouse genome-scale metabolic model. Our findings highlight the power of systems-level approaches for identifying and characterizing the biological processes involved in aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Priyanka Baloni
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | | | - Gonzalo G Garcia
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michal Maes
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Charu Kapil
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Jack Wiedrick
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jodi Lapidus
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lance Pflieger
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Steven R Cummings
- San Francisco Coordinating Center, California Pacific Medical Center Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Department of Quantitative Medicine, The Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Population Sciences and Molecular and Cell Biology, The City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Nathan D Price
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA
- Thorne HealthTech, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Phenome Health, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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34
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Garcia Santa Cruz B, Husch A, Hertel F. Machine learning models for diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson's disease using brain imaging: general overview, main challenges, and future directions. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1216163. [PMID: 37539346 PMCID: PMC10394631 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1216163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive and complex neurodegenerative disorder associated with age that affects motor and cognitive functions. As there is currently no cure, early diagnosis and accurate prognosis are essential to increase the effectiveness of treatment and control its symptoms. Medical imaging, specifically magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), has emerged as a valuable tool for developing support systems to assist in diagnosis and prognosis. The current literature aims to improve understanding of the disease's structural and functional manifestations in the brain. By applying artificial intelligence to neuroimaging, such as deep learning (DL) and other machine learning (ML) techniques, previously unknown relationships and patterns can be revealed in this high-dimensional data. However, several issues must be addressed before these solutions can be safely integrated into clinical practice. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent ML techniques analyzed for the automatic diagnosis and prognosis of PD in brain MRI. The main challenges in applying ML to medical diagnosis and its implications for PD are also addressed, including current limitations for safe translation into hospitals. These challenges are analyzed at three levels: disease-specific, task-specific, and technology-specific. Finally, potential future directions for each challenge and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Husch
- Imaging AI Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Frank Hertel
- National Department of Neurosurgery, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
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35
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Wodrich APK, Scott AW, Giniger E. What do we mean by "aging"?: Questions and perspectives revealed by studies in Drosophila. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111839. [PMID: 37354919 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
What is the nature of aging, and how best can we study it? Here, using a series of questions that highlight differing perspectives about the nature of aging, we ask how data from Drosophila melanogaster at the organismal, tissue, cellular, and molecular levels shed light on the complex interactions among the phenotypes associated with aging. Should aging be viewed as an individual's increasing probability of mortality over time or as a progression of physiological states? Are all age-correlated changes in physiology detrimental to vigor or are some compensatory changes that maintain vigor? Why do different age-correlated functions seem to change at different rates in a single individual as it ages? Should aging be considered as a single, integrated process across the scales of biological resolution, from organismal to molecular, or must we consider each level of biological scale as a separate, distinct entity? Viewing aging from these differing perspectives yields distinct but complementary interpretations about the properties and mechanisms of aging and may offer a path through the complexities related to understanding the nature of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P K Wodrich
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States; College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew W Scott
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Edward Giniger
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States.
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36
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Gaylord A, Cohen A, Kupsco A. Biomarkers of aging through the life course: A Recent Literature Update. CURRENT OPINION IN EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 2:7-17. [PMID: 38130910 PMCID: PMC10732539 DOI: 10.1097/pxh.0000000000000018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of review The development of biomarkers of aging has greatly advanced epidemiological studies of aging processes. However, much debate remains on the timing of aging onset and the causal relevance of these biomarkers. In this review, we discuss the most recent biomarkers of aging that have been applied across the life course. Recent findings The most recently developed aging biomarkers that have been applied across the life course can be designated into three categories: epigenetic clocks, epigenetic markers of chronic inflammation, and mitochondrial DNA copy number. While these have been applied at different life stages, the development, validation, and application of these markers has been largely centered on populations of older adults. Few studies have examined trajectories of aging biomarkers across the life course. As the wealth of molecular and biochemical data increases, emerging biomarkers may be able to capture complex and system-specific aging processes. Recently developed biomarkers include novel epigenetic clocks; clocks based on ribosomal DNA, transcriptomic profiles, proteomics, metabolomics, and inflammatory markers; clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential gene mutations; and multi-omics approaches. Summary Attention should be placed on aging at early and middle life stages to better understand trajectories of aging biomarkers across the life course. Additionally, novel biomarkers will provide greater insight into aging processes. The specific mechanisms of aging reflected by these biomarkers should be considered when interpreting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Gaylord
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alan Cohen
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- PRIMUS Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Center on Aging and Research Center of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Butler Columbia Aging Center, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Allison Kupsco
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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37
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Meng N, Zhou Y, Zhang Q, Yu X, Li H, Liu Y, Liu M, Li Q. Using Inflammatory Biological Age To Evaluate the Preventing Aging Effect of a Polyphenol-Probiotic-Enhanced Dietary Pattern in Adults Aged 50 Years and Older. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:6314-6325. [PMID: 37057839 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c07241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A high-compliance dietary intervention was conducted for 2 weeks in adults aged 50 years and older to investigate the preventing aging effects of a polyphenol-probiotic-enhanced diet (P-diet) by using inflammatory biological age (IBA). Following the P-diet, levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, and C-reactive protein were reduced. These effects were accompanied by a significant increase in the richness of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and decrease in CAG_56, as well as an increase in butyrate and acetate and decrease in lysine, uracil, and valine. We optimized a model by a back propagation artificial neural network to evaluate the degree of aging, with an R2 of 0.68. After the P-diet intervention, IBA was younger than chronological age and the inflammatory aging potential (Δage) was observably reduced by 90.12%, with change in Δage having a direct negative association with Akkermansia. Overall, P-diet may alleviate chronic low-grade inflammation and thus prevent the procession of inflammatory aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Meng
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Wangdingdi Hospital, Nankai District, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Qinren Zhang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Xiaohan Yu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - He Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yanxiang Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Quanyang Li
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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38
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Stoeger T. The Road Less Traveled: Uncovering the Convergence Toward Specific Pleiotropic Phenotypes in Aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.28.534472. [PMID: 37034589 PMCID: PMC10081180 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.28.534472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a complex process influenced by a wide range of environmental and molecular factors. Despite this complexity, individuals tend to age in highly similar ways, leading to the question of what drives this convergence. Recent research, including my own discoveries, suggests that the length of transcript molecules plays a crucial role in age-dependent changes to the transcriptome. Drawing inspiration from the road trip analogy of cellular transcription, I propose that a non-linear scaling law drives convergence towards specific pleiotropic phenotypes in biological aging. This scaling law is based on the notion that molecular changes observed during aging may reflect unspecific damage to cellular physiology. By validating this hypothesis, I can improve our understanding of biological aging and identify new candidate compounds for anti-aging interventions, as well as re-identify one known intervention. This work has actionable implications for improving human health and extending lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stoeger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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39
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Capri M, Conte M, Ciurca E, Pirazzini C, Garagnani P, Santoro A, Longo F, Salvioli S, Lau P, Moeller R, Jordan J, Illig T, Villanueva MM, Gruber M, Bürkle A, Franceschi C, Rittweger J. Long-term human spaceflight and inflammaging: Does it promote aging? Ageing Res Rev 2023; 87:101909. [PMID: 36918115 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Spaceflight and its associated stressors, such as microgravity, radiation exposure, confinement, circadian derailment and disruptive workloads represent an unprecedented type of exposome that is entirely novel from an evolutionary stand point. Within this perspective, we aimed to review the effects of prolonged spaceflight on immune-neuroendocrine systems, brain and brain-gut axis, cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal apparatus, highlighting in particular the similarities with an accelerated aging process. In particular, spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy/sarcopenia and bone loss, vascular and metabolic changes, hyper and hypo reaction of innate and adaptive immune system appear to be modifications shared with the aging process. Most of these modifications are mediated by molecular events that include oxidative and mitochondrial stress, autophagy, DNA damage repair and telomere length alteration, among others, which directly or indirectly converge on the activation of an inflammatory response. According to the inflammaging theory of aging, such an inflammatory response could be a driver of an acceleration of the normal, physiological rate of aging and it is likely that all the systemic modifications in turn lead to an increase of inflammaging in a sort of vicious cycle. The most updated countermeasures to fight these modifications will be also discussed in the light of their possible application not only for astronauts' benefit, but also for older adults on the ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Erika Ciurca
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Clinical Chemistry Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet at Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, Unit of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), St. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Aurelia Santoro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change (Alma Climate), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Longo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Salvioli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrick Lau
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Ralf Moeller
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Jordan
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Illig
- Department of Human Genetics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Maria-Moreno Villanueva
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Markus Gruber
- Human Performance Research Centre, Department of Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Applied Mathematics of the Institute of ITMM, National Research Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, the Russian Federation
| | - Jörn Rittweger
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Cologne, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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40
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Efficient representations of binarized health deficit data: the frailty index and beyond. GeroScience 2023:10.1007/s11357-022-00723-z. [PMID: 36705846 PMCID: PMC10400752 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated efficient representations of binarized health deficit data using the 2001-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We compared the abilities of features to compress health deficit data and to predict adverse outcomes. We used principal component analysis (PCA) and several other dimensionality reduction techniques, together with several varieties of the frailty index (FI). We observed that the FI approximates the first - primary - component obtained by PCA and other compression techniques. Most adverse outcomes were well predicted using only the FI. While the FI is therefore a useful technique for compressing binary deficits into a single variable, additional dimensions were needed for high-fidelity compression of health deficit data. Moreover, some outcomes - including inflammation and metabolic dysfunction - showed high-dimensional behaviour. We generally found that clinical data were easier to compress than lab data. Our results help to explain the success of the FI as a simple dimensionality reduction technique for binary health data. We demonstrate how PCA extends the FI, providing additional health information, and allows us to explore system dimensionality and complexity. PCA is a promising tool for determining and exploring collective health features from collections of binarized biomarkers.
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41
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Lidsky PV, Yuan J, Rulison JM, Andino-Pavlovsky R. Is Aging an Inevitable Characteristic of Organic Life or an Evolutionary Adaptation? BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1413-1445. [PMID: 36717438 PMCID: PMC9839256 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Aging is an evolutionary paradox. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain it, but none fully explains all the biochemical and ecologic data accumulated over decades of research. We suggest that senescence is a primitive immune strategy which acts to protect an individual's kin from chronic infections. Older organisms are exposed to pathogens for a longer period of time and have a higher likelihood of acquiring infectious diseases. Accordingly, the parasitic load in aged individuals is higher than in younger ones. Given that the probability of pathogen transmission is higher within the kin, the inclusive fitness cost of infection might exceed the benefit of living longer. In this case, programmed lifespan termination might be an evolutionarily stable strategy. Here, we discuss the classical evolutionary hypotheses of aging and compare them with the pathogen control hypothesis, discuss the consistency of these hypotheses with existing empirical data, and present a revised conceptual framework to understand the evolution of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter V Lidsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jacob M Rulison
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA
- University of California Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Raul Andino-Pavlovsky
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, CA, USA.
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42
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Stoeger T, Grant RA, McQuattie-Pimentel AC, Anekalla KR, Liu SS, Tejedor-Navarro H, Singer BD, Abdala-Valencia H, Schwake M, Tetreault MP, Perlman H, Balch WE, Chandel NS, Ridge KM, Sznajder JI, Morimoto RI, Misharin AV, Budinger GRS, Nunes Amaral LA. Aging is associated with a systemic length-associated transcriptome imbalance. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1191-1206. [PMID: 37118543 PMCID: PMC10154227 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00317-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is among the most important risk factors for morbidity and mortality. To contribute toward a molecular understanding of aging, we analyzed age-resolved transcriptomic data from multiple studies. Here, we show that transcript length alone explains most transcriptional changes observed with aging in mice and humans. We present three lines of evidence supporting the biological importance of the uncovered transcriptome imbalance. First, in vertebrates the length association primarily displays a lower relative abundance of long transcripts in aging. Second, eight antiaging interventions of the Interventions Testing Program of the National Institute on Aging can counter this length association. Third, we find that in humans and mice the genes with the longest transcripts enrich for genes reported to extend lifespan, whereas those with the shortest transcripts enrich for genes reported to shorten lifespan. Our study opens fundamental questions on aging and the organization of transcriptomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Stoeger
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Rogan A Grant
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Kishore R Anekalla
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sophia S Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Benjamin D Singer
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science at Northwestern University (SQLIFTSNU), Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hiam Abdala-Valencia
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Michael Schwake
- Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marie-Pier Tetreault
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Harris Perlman
- Division of Rheumatology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Navdeep S Chandel
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science at Northwestern University (SQLIFTSNU), Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Karen M Ridge
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science at Northwestern University (SQLIFTSNU), Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Jacob I Sznajder
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science at Northwestern University (SQLIFTSNU), Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Richard I Morimoto
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Rice Institute for Biomedical Research, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Alexander V Misharin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science at Northwestern University (SQLIFTSNU), Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - G R Scott Budinger
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Lung Institute for Translational Science at Northwestern University (SQLIFTSNU), Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - Luis A Nunes Amaral
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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43
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Farrell S, Kane AE, Bisset E, Howlett SE, Rutenberg AD. Measurements of damage and repair of binary health attributes in aging mice and humans reveal that robustness and resilience decrease with age, operate over broad timescales, and are affected differently by interventions. eLife 2022; 11:e77632. [PMID: 36409200 PMCID: PMC9725749 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
As an organism ages, its health-state is determined by a balance between the processes of damage and repair. Measuring these processes requires longitudinal data. We extract damage and repair transition rates from repeated observations of binary health attributes in mice and humans to explore robustness and resilience, which respectively represent resisting or recovering from damage. We assess differences in robustness and resilience using changes in damage rates and repair rates of binary health attributes. We find a conserved decline with age in robustness and resilience in mice and humans, implying that both contribute to worsening aging health - as assessed by the frailty index (FI). A decline in robustness, however, has a greater effect than a decline in resilience on the accelerated increase of the FI with age, and a greater association with reduced survival. We also find that deficits are damaged and repaired over a wide range of timescales ranging from the shortest measurement scales toward organismal lifetime timescales. We explore the effect of systemic interventions that have been shown to improve health, including the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril and voluntary exercise for mice. We have also explored the correlations with household wealth for humans. We find that these interventions and factors affect both damage and repair rates, and hence robustness and resilience, in age and sex-dependent manners.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alice E Kane
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research at Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Elise Bisset
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
- Department of Medicine (GeriatricMedicine), Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
| | - Andrew D Rutenberg
- Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxCanada
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