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Sheng D, Jin C, Yue K, Yue M, Liang Y, Xue X, Li P, Zhao G, Zhang L. Pan-cancer atlas of tumor-resident microbiome, immunity and prognosis. Cancer Lett 2024; 598:217077. [PMID: 38908541 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The existence of microbiome in human tumors has been determined widely, but evaluating the contribution of intratumoral bacteria and fungi to tumor immunity and prognosis from a pan-cancer perspective remains absent. We designed an improved microbial analysis pipeline to reduce interference from host sequences, complemented with integration analysis of intratumoral microbiota at species level with clinical indicators, tumor microenvironment, and prognosis across cancer types. We found that intratumoral microbiota is associated with immunophenotyping, with high-immunity subtypes showing greater bacterial and fungal richness compared to low-immunity groups. We also noted that the combination of fungi and bacteria demonstrated promising prognostic value across cancer types. We, thus, present The Cancer Microbiota (TCMbio), an interactive platform that provides the intratumoral bacteria and fungi data, and a comprehensive analysis module for 33 types of cancers. This led to the discovery of clinical and prognostic significance of intratumoral microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dashuang Sheng
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuandi Jin
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kaile Yue
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Min Yue
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yijia Liang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xinxin Xue
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Pingfu Li
- Shandong Huxley Medical Technology Co.,Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Guoping Zhao
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Bio-Med Big Data Center, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Microbiome-X, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China; State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
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Brouwer CPJM, Theelen B, van der Linden Y, Sarink N, Rahman M, Alwasel S, Cafarchia C, Welling MM, Boekhout T. Combinatory Use of hLF(1-11), a Synthetic Peptide Derived from Human Lactoferrin, and Fluconazole/Amphotericin B against Malassezia furfur Reveals a Synergistic/Additive Antifungal Effect. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:790. [PMID: 39200089 PMCID: PMC11351325 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13080790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The increasing resistance of Malassezia yeasts against commonly used antifungal drugs dictates the need for novel antifungal compounds. Human lactoferrin-based peptides show a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Various assays were performed to find the optimal growth conditions of the yeasts and to assess cell viability, using media with low lipid content to avoid peptide binding to medium components. METHODS In the current study, we tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of 30 strains of M. furfur that cover the known IGS1 genotypic variation. RESULTS hLF(1-11) inhibited the growth of all species tested, resulting in minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) values ranging from 12.5 to 100 μg/mL. In the combinatory tests, the majority of fractional inhibitory concentration indexes (FIC) for the tested strains of M. furfur were up to 1.0, showing that there is a synergistic or additive effect on the efficacy of the antifungal drugs when used in combination with hLF(1-11). CONCLUSION Results showed that hLF(1-11) could be combined with fluconazole or amphotericin for the antimicrobial treatment of resistant strains, enhancing the potency of these antifungal drugs, resulting in an improved outcome for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo P. J. M. Brouwer
- CBMR Scientific Inc., Edmonton, AB T6J4V9, Canada
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Bart Theelen
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.T.); (N.S.)
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Youp van der Linden
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.T.); (N.S.)
| | - Nick Sarink
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.T.); (N.S.)
| | | | - Saleh Alwasel
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| | - Mick M. Welling
- Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teun Boekhout
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; (B.T.); (N.S.)
- College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Pagac MP, Gempeler M, Campiche R. A New Generation of Postbiotics for Skin and Scalp: In Situ Production of Lipid Metabolites by Malassezia. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1711. [PMID: 39203553 PMCID: PMC11357556 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12081711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Effects of pre- and probiotics on intestinal health are well researched and microbiome-targeting solutions are commercially available. Even though a trend to appreciate the presence of certain microbes on the skin is seeing an increase in momentum, our understanding is limited as to whether the utilization of skin-resident microbes for beneficial effects holds the same potential as the targeted manipulation of the gut microflora. Here, we present a selection of molecular mechanisms of cross-communication between human skin and the skin microbial community and the impact of these interactions on the host's cutaneous health with implications for the development of skin cosmetic and therapeutic solutions. Malassezia yeasts, as the main fungal representatives of the skin microfloral community, interact with the human host skin via lipid mediators, of which several are characterized by exhibiting potent anti-inflammatory activities. This review therefore puts a spotlight on Malassezia and provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge about these fungal-derived lipid mediators and their capability to reduce aesthetical and sensory burdens, such as redness and itching, commonly associated with inflammatory skin conditions. Finally, several examples of current skin microbiome-based interventions for cosmetic solutions are discussed, and models are presented for the use of skin-resident microbes as endogenous bio-manufacturing platforms for the in situ supplementation of the skin with beneficial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Patrick Pagac
- DSM-Firmenich, Perfumery & Beauty, Wurmisweg 576, CH-4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland; (M.G.); (R.C.)
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Choi JY, Kim H, Min KH, Song WH, Yu DS, Lee M, Lee YB. Bacteria, Fungi, and Scalp Psoriasis: Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Disease Severity. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4846. [PMID: 39200988 PMCID: PMC11355785 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition affected by genetic and environmental factors. Changes in the skin microbiome may affect the immune system and skin barrier functions, thereby contributing to the development and progression of psoriasis. The scalp, which is a common site for psoriasis, is often resistant to therapy. Although several studies have investigated the scalp microbiome, analyses focusing on both bacteria and fungi remain scarce. Methods: We examined the scalp microbiomes of 11 patients with psoriasis complicated with scalp lesions and categorized them according to their Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) scores. The bacterial and fungal data were analyzed using QIIME2 pipeline version 2021.04 and the UNITE database version 8.3, respectively. Results: The Shannon indices for mild (2 patients), moderate (4 patients), and severe (5 patients) groups were 0.97, 1.38, and 1.88, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between increased mycobiome diversity and disease severity (p = 4.07 × 10-5, Spearman's correlation: 0.9269). Compared with the mild and moderate groups, the severe group exhibited a higher abundance of Malassezia globosa. Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus were, respectively, more prevalent in the moderate and severe groups than in the mild group. Conclusions: This study highlights the potential role of increased fungal diversity and specific microbial compositions in the severity of scalp psoriasis, suggesting a possible avenue for targeted therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunseong Kim
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hyun Min
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Hyun Song
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Soo Yu
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Minho Lee
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University—Seoul, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Bok Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Uijeongbu St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Uijeongbu 07345, Republic of Korea
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Hu P, Henry J, Tiesman JP, Parlov M, Bacon R, Charbonneau D, Venkataraman A, Locker KCS, Krigbaum H, Schwartz J. Scalp microbiome composition changes and pathway evaluations due to effective treatment with Piroctone Olamine shampoo. Int J Cosmet Sci 2024; 46:333-347. [PMID: 38196163 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the scalp microbial composition, function, and connection to dandruff severity using a metagenomics approach and to understand the impact of a Piroctone Olamine containing anti-dandruff shampoo on the scalp microbiome. METHODS Shotgun metagenomics was used to characterize the composition of the scalp microbiomes from 94 subjects with and without clinically defined dandruff. Furthermore, the microbiome of the scalps of 100 dandruff sufferers before and after 3 weeks of treatment with either control or anti-dandruff shampoo containing 0.5% Piroctone Olamine (PO) was characterized and compared to identify microorganisms associated with the dandruff condition and the associated pathways and processes that may contribute to PO's effect on scalp microbiome. RESULTS A higher relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and Staphylococcus capitis and a lower abundance of Cutibacterium acnes were associated with the dandruff scalps relative to the no-dandruff scalps. A 3-week PO shampoo treatment reduced the relative abundance of Malassezia species and Staphylococcus capitis and increased the relative abundance of Cutibacterium acnes. This change to the scalp microbiome composition is consistent with a return to a healthy no-dandruff microbiome and improved clinical signs and symptoms as measured by adherent scalp flaking score (ASFS) compared with the control shampoo. Functional genomics analysis showed that the PO shampoo treatment reduced oxidative stress-associated genes and decreased the abundance of protease, urease, and lipase genes. These changes correlated positively to improvements in dandruff severity. PO treatment favourably shifted scalp microbiomes in dandruff subjects toward the no-dandruff state. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that part of the aetiology of dandruff can be attributed to dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome. PO treatment can restore a healthier microbiome, reducing oxidative stress and promoting better scalp health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | - Jim Henry
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - Rob Bacon
- The Procter & Gamble Company, Mason, Ohio, USA
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Cao Y, Jiang L, Zhang J, Fu Y, Li Q, Fu W, Zhu J, Xiang X, Zhao G, Kong D, Chen X, Fang J. A fast and non-invasive artificial intelligence olfactory-like system that aids diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurol 2024; 31:e16167. [PMID: 38009830 PMCID: PMC11235760 DOI: 10.1111/ene.16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Several previous studies have shown that skin sebum analysis can be used to diagnose Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to develop a portable artificial intelligence olfactory-like (AIO) system based on gas chromatographic analysis of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in patient sebum and explore its application value in the diagnosis of PD. METHODS The skin VOCs from 121 PD patients and 129 healthy controls were analyzed using the AIO system and three classic machine learning models were established, including the gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), random forest and extreme gradient boosting, to assist the diagnosis of PD and predict its severity. RESULTS A 20-s time series of AIO system data were collected from each participant. The VOC peaks at a large number of time points roughly concentrated around 5-12 s were significantly higher in PD subjects. The gradient boosting decision tree model showed the best ability to differentiate PD from healthy controls, yielding a sensitivity of 83.33% and a specificity of 84.00%. However, the system failed to predict PD progression scored by Hoehn-Yahr stage. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a fast, low-cost and non-invasive method to distinguish PD patients from healthy controls. Furthermore, our study also indicates abnormal sebaceous gland secretion in PD patients, providing new evidence for exploring the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yina Cao
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Lina Jiang
- Department of RadiologyFourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Jingxin Zhang
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Yanlu Fu
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Qiwei Li
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of ChinaZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Junjiang Zhu
- College of Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringChina Jiliang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohui Xiang
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
| | - Dongdong Kong
- School of Mechatronic Engineering and AutomationShanghai UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education of ChinaZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Jiajia Fang
- Department of NeurologyThe Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University Medical CollegeZhejiangChina
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Zhang XE, Zheng P, Ye SZ, Ma X, Liu E, Pang YB, He QY, Zhang YX, Li WQ, Zeng JH, Guo J. Microbiome: Role in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:1057-1082. [PMID: 38375021 PMCID: PMC10876011 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s441100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
As the body's largest organ, the skin harbors a highly diverse microbiota, playing a crucial role in resisting foreign pathogens, nurturing the immune system, and metabolizing natural products. The dysregulation of human skin microbiota is implicated in immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses. This review delineates the microbial alterations and immune dysregulation features in common Inflammatory Skin Diseases (ISDs) such as psoriasis, rosacea, atopic dermatitis(AD), seborrheic dermatitis(SD), diaper dermatitis(DD), and Malassezia folliculitis(MF).The skin microbiota, a complex and evolving community, undergoes changes in composition and function that can compromise the skin microbial barrier. These alterations induce water loss and abnormal lipid metabolism, contributing to the onset of ISDs. Additionally, microorganisms release toxins, like Staphylococcus aureus secreted α toxins and proteases, which may dissolve the stratum corneum, impairing skin barrier function and allowing entry into the bloodstream. Microbes entering the bloodstream activate molecular signals, leading to immune disorders and subsequent skin inflammatory responses. For instance, Malassezia stimulates dendritic cells(DCs) to release IL-12 and IL-23, differentiating into a Th17 cell population and producing proinflammatory mediators such as IL-17, IL-22, TNF-α, and IFN-α.This review offers new insights into the role of the human skin microbiota in ISDs, paving the way for future skin microbiome-specific targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Er Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pai Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Zhen Ye
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - E Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Bin Pang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing-Ying He
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xiao Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Quan Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610075, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin-Hao Zeng
- TCM Regulating Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 6610072, People’s Republic of China
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Umemoto N, Kakurai M, Matsumoto T, Mizuno K, Cho O, Sugita T, Demitsu T. Dupilumab Alters Both the Bacterial and Fungal Skin Microbiomes of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis. Microorganisms 2024; 12:224. [PMID: 38276210 PMCID: PMC10820602 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The skin microbiome at lesion sites in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by dysbiosis. Although the administration of dupilumab, an IL-4Rα inhibitor, improves dysbiosis in the bacterial microbiome, information regarding the fungal microbiome remains limited. This study administered dupilumab to 30 patients with moderate-to-severe AD and analyzed changes in both fungal and bacterial skin microbiomes over a 12-week period. Malassezia restricta and M. globosa dominated the fungal microbiome, whereas non-Malassezia yeast species increased in abundance, leading to greater microbial diversity. A qPCR analysis revealed a decrease in Malassezia colonization following administration, with a higher reduction rate observed where the pretreatment degree of colonization was higher. A correlation was found between the group classified by the Eczema Area and Severity Index, the group categorized by the concentration of Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, and the degree of skin colonization by Malassezia. Furthermore, an analysis of the bacterial microbiome also confirmed a decrease in the degree of skin colonization by the exacerbating factor Staphylococcus aureus and an increase in the microbial diversity of the bacterial microbiome. Our study is the first to show that dupilumab changes the community structure of the bacterial microbiome and affects the fungal microbiome in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoka Umemoto
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Maki Kakurai
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Takanao Matsumoto
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Kenta Mizuno
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.D.)
| | - Otomi Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan;
| | - Toshio Demitsu
- Department of Dermatology, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanuma-cho, Omiya-ku, Saitama 330-8503, Japan; (N.U.); (M.K.); (T.M.); (K.M.); (T.D.)
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Dao Y, Yu J, Yang M, Han J, Fan C, Pang X. DNA metabarcoding analysis of fungal community on surface of four root herbs. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2024; 16:143-150. [PMID: 38375056 PMCID: PMC10874771 DOI: 10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Angelicae Sinensis Radix (ASR, Danggui in Chinese), Cistanches Herba (CH, Roucongrong in Chinese), Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (PG, Renshen in Chinese), and Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (PQ, Xiyangshen in Chinese), widely used as medicine and dietary supplement around the world, are susceptible to fungal and mycotoxin contamination. In this study, we aim to analyze their fungal community by DNA metabarcoding. Methods A total of 12 root samples were collected from three main production areas in China. The samples were divided into four groups based on herb species, including ASR, CH, PG, and PQ groups. The fungal community on the surface of four root groups was investigated through DNA metabarcoding via targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 region (ITS2). Results All the 12 samples were detected with fungal contamination. Rhizopus (13.04%-74.03%), Aspergillus (1.76%-23.92%), and Fusarium (0.26%-15.27%) were the predominant genera. Ten important fungi were identified at the species level, including two potential toxigenic fungi (Penicillium citrinum and P. oxalicum) and eight human pathogenic fungi (Alternaria infectoria, Candida sake, Hyphopichia burtonii, Malassezia globosa, M. restricta, Rhizopus arrhizus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Ochroconis tshawytschae). Fungal community in ASR and CH groups was significantly different from other groups, while fungal community in PG and PQ groups was relatively similar. Conclusion DNA metabarcoding revealed the fungal community in four important root herbs. This study provided an important reference for preventing root herbs against fungal and mycotoxin contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Dao
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingsheng Yu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianping Han
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chune Fan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohui Pang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Tuor M, LeibundGut-Landmann S. The skin mycobiome and intermicrobial interactions in the cutaneous niche. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 76:102381. [PMID: 37703811 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian microbiomes have coevolved with their host to establish a stable homeostatic relationship. Multifaceted commensal-host and commensal-commensal interactions contribute to the maintenance of the equilibrium with an impact on diverse host physiological processes. Despite constant exposure to physical and chemical insults from the environment, the skin harbors a surprisingly stable microbiome. The fungal compartment of the skin microbiome, the skin mycobiome, is unique in that it is dominated by a single fungus, Malassezia. The lack in diversity suggests that the skin may provide a unique niche for this fungal genus and that Malassezia may efficiently outcompete other fungi from the skin. This opinion article examines aspects in support of this hypothesis, discusses how changes in niche conditions associate with skin mycobiome dysregulation, and highlights an emerging example of Malassezia being displaced from the skin by the emerging fungal pathogen C. auris, thereby generating a predisposing situation for fatal-invasive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Tuor
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty and Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
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de Jesus GFA, Rossetto MP, Voytena A, Feder B, Borges H, da Costa Borges G, Feuser ZP, Dal-Bó S, Michels M. Clinical evaluation of paraprobiotic-associated Bifidobacterium lactis CCT 7858 anti-dandruff shampoo efficacy: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45:572-580. [PMID: 36862071 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris and dandruff. Studies have shown that paraprobiotics may be promising for the treatment of skin disorders through microbiota modulation and immunomodulation. So, the objective is to develop an anti-dandruff formulation using a paraprobiotic (Neoimuno) as active ingredient. METHODS Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed in patients who had any degree of dandruff. A total of 33 volunteers were recruited and randomly divided into two groups: placebo or treated. (1% Neoimuno). The ingredient used was Neoimuno (Bifidobacterium lactis strain CCT 7858). Combability analysis and perception questionnaire were applied before and after treatment. Statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS No adverse effects were reported by patients throughout the study. Through the combability analysis, a significant decrease in the number of particles was verified after 28 days of shampoo use. Regarding perception, there was a significant difference for the cleaning variables and improvement of the general appearance 28 days after the intervention. There were no significant differences for the itching and scaling parameters, as well as the perception parameters at 14 days. DISCUSSION Topical application of the paraprobiotic shampoo containing 1% Neoimuno was able to significantly improve the feeling of cleanliness and general aspects of dandruff, in addition to reducing scalp flakiness. Thus, with the results obtained through the clinical trial, Neoimuno presents itself as a natural, safe and effective ingredient in the treatment of dandruff. The efficacy of Neoimuno in dandruff was visible within 4 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Piola Rossetto
- BioHall Consultoria, Pesquisa e Inovação, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Gabbia Biotechnology, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Voytena
- Gabbia Biotechnology, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Bianca Feder
- BioHall Consultoria, Pesquisa e Inovação, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Heloisa Borges
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Course, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Gabriel da Costa Borges
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Zoé Paulina Feuser
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Course, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dal-Bó
- Undergraduate Pharmacy Course, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciuma, Brazil
| | - Monique Michels
- BioHall Consultoria, Pesquisa e Inovação, Itajai, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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12
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Zhang D, Tang Q, He X, Wang Y, Zhu G, Yu L. Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of Cordyceps militaris spent substrate. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291363. [PMID: 37682981 PMCID: PMC10490986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris is a medicinal mushroom and has been extensively used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. After the chrysalis seeds are matured and harvested, the spent substrate of C. militaris still contains active ingredients but is usually discarded as waste. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of C. militaris spent substrate extract and its inhibitory activity on the Malassezia commensal yeasts that can cause dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Active substances in the spent substrate of C. militaris were extracted using a hot water extraction method and were used for the determination of antioxidant activity by measuring their ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions. The ability to inhibit Malassezia was analyzed using the broth microdilution method, and the reparative effect on oxidative damage in HaCaT cells was measured using in vitro cell analysis. Respiratory burst evaluation was used to determine the anti-inflammatory capacity of extracts. Analysis of the Malassezia-inhibiting activity of the extracts showed that the minimum inhibitory concentration was 6.25 mg/mL. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of DPPH, O2-, H2O2 and OH- were 3.845 mg/mL, 2.673 mg/mL, 0.037 mg/mL and 0.046 mg/mL, respectively. In the concentration range of 2 to 50%, the extract was non-toxic to cells and was able to protect HaCaT cells from H2O2 damage. When the volume fraction of the extract was 20.96%, its anti-inflammatory ability reached 50%. These results demonstrated that the extract may be a safe and efficacious source for pharmaceutical or cosmetic applications, with Malassezia-inhibiting, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Institute of Edible Fungi, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianzhe He
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yipeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyong Zhu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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Ugochukwu ICI, Rhimi W, Chebil W, Rizzo A, Tempesta M, Giusiano G, Tábora RFM, Otranto D, Cafarchia C. Part 2: Understanding the role of Malassezia spp. in skin disorders: pathogenesis of Malassezia associated skin infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:1245-1257. [PMID: 37883035 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2274500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malassezia is a major component of the skin microbiome, a lipophilic symbiotic organism of the mammalian skin, which can switch to opportunistic pathogens triggering multiple dermatological disorders in humans and animals. This phenomenon is favored by endogenous and exogenous host predisposing factors, which may switch Malassezia from a commensal to a pathogenic phenotype. AREA COVERED This review summarizes and discusses the most recent literature on the pathogenesis of Malassezia yeasts, which ultimately results in skin disorders with different clinical presentation. A literature search of Malassezia pathogenesis was performed via PubMed and Google scholar (up to May 2023), using the following keywords: Pathogenesis and Malassezia;host risk factors and Malassezia, Malassezia and skin disorders; Malassezia and virulence factors: Malassezia and metabolite production; Immunology and Malassezia. EXPERT OPINION Malassezia yeasts can maintain skin homeostasis being part of the cutaneous mycobiota; however, when the environmental or host conditions change, these yeasts are endowed with a remarkable plasticity and adaptation by modifying their metabolism and thus contributing to the appearance or aggravation of human and animal skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iniobong Chukwuebuka Ikenna Ugochukwu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Wafa Rhimi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Wissal Chebil
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Parasitology-Mycology, Department of Clinical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Antonio Rizzo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Maria Tempesta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | | | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Claudia Cafarchia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
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14
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Zhou JC, Wang YF, Zhu D, Zhu YG. Deciphering the distribution of microbial communities and potential pathogens in the household dust. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 872:162250. [PMID: 36804982 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The reliance of modern society on indoor environments increasing has made them crucial sites for human exposure to microbes. Extensive research has identified ecological drivers that influence indoor microbial assemblages. However, few studies have examined the dispersion of microbes in different locations of identical indoor environments. In this study, we employed PacBio Sequel full-length amplicon sequencing to examine the distribution of microbes at distinct locations in a single home and to identify the potential pathogens and microbial functions. Microbial communities differed considerably among the indoor sampling sites (P < 0.05). In addition, bacterial diversity was influenced by human activities and contact with the external environment at different sites, whereas fungal diversity did not significantly differ among the sites. Potential pathogens, including bacteria and fungi, were significantly enriched on the door handle (P < 0.05), suggesting that door handles may be hotpots for potential pathogens in the household. A high proportion of fungal allergens (34.37 %-56.50 %), which can cause skin diseases and asthma, were observed. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed the essential ecological role of microbial interactions in the development of a healthy immune system. Overall, we revealed the differences in microbial communities at different sampling sites within a single indoor environment, highlighting the distribution of potential pathogens and ecological functions of microbes, and providing a new perspective and information for assessing indoor health from a microbiological viewpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Cheng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; International School of Beijing, Beijing 101318, China
| | - Yi-Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China.
| | - Dong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, CAS Haixi Industrial Technology Innovation Center in Beilun, Ningbo 315830, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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15
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Tsai WH, Fang YT, Huang TY, Chiang YJ, Lin CG, Chang WW. Heat-killed Lacticaseibacillus paracasei GMNL-653 ameliorates human scalp health by regulating scalp microbiome. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:121. [PMID: 37120517 PMCID: PMC10148562 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equilibrium of the scalp microbiome is important for maintaining healthy scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff, and hair growth. Many different strategies to improve scalp health have been reported; however, the effect of postbiotics, such as heat-killed probiotics, on scalp health remains unclear. We examined the beneficial effects of heat-killed probiotics consisting of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, GMNL-653, on scalp health. RESULTS Heat-killed GMNL-653 could co-aggregate with scalp commensal fungi, Malassezia furfur, in vitro, and the GMNL-653-derived lipoteichoic acid inhibited the biofilm formation of M. furfur on Hs68 fibroblast cells. The mRNA of hair follicle growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), vascular endothelial growth factor, IGF-1, and keratinocyte growth factor was up-regulated in skin-related human cell lines Hs68 and HaCaT after treatment with heat-killed GMNL-653. For clinical observations, we recruited 22 volunteer participants to use the shampoo containing the heat-killed GMNL-653 for 5 months and subsequently measured their scalp conditions, including sebum secretion, dandruff formation, and hair growth. We applied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the scalp microbiota of M. restricta, M. globosa, Cutibacterium acnes, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. A decrease in dandruff and oil secretion and an increase in hair growth in the human scalp were observed after the use of heat-killed GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The increased abundance of M. globosa and the decreased abundance of M. restricta and C. acnes were also observed. We further found that accumulated L. paracasei abundance was positively correlated with M. globosa abundance and negatively correlated with C. acnes abundance. S. epidermidis and C. acnes abundance was negatively correlated with M. globosa abundance and positively correlated with M. restricta. Meanwhile, M. globosa and M. restricta abundances were negatively associated with each other. C. acnes and S. epidermidis abundances were statistically positively correlated with sebum secretion and dandruff, respectively, in our shampoo clinical trial. CONCLUSION Our study provides a new strategy for human scalp health care using the heat-killed probiotics GMNL-653-containing shampoo. The mechanism may be correlated with the microbiota shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hua Tsai
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Fang
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsuei-Yin Huang
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ju Chiang
- Research and Development Department, GenMont Biotech Incorporation, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Gong Lin
- Bachelor Program in Cosmeceutical and Biotech Industry, Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110, Section 1, Chien-Kuo N. Rd, Taichung City, 402306, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Martin E, Zhang A, Campiche R. Saccharide isomerate ameliorates cosmetic scalp conditions in a Chinese study population. J Cosmet Dermatol 2023; 22:262-266. [PMID: 35279940 PMCID: PMC10083904 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scalp conditions such as flaky or oily scalp affect people across ethnicities and age groups. In addition to flaking, increased sebum secretion, itching, and compromised scalp barrier function were described. Scalp conditions are aesthetically disturbing and may cause psychological distress in affected individuals who are looking for mild and effective treatment at the same time. Saccharide isomerate has a long history as a skin moisturizer, and it was found to improve skin barrier function, also suggesting possible beneficial effects on scalp. AIMS To provide relevant claim substantiation to introduce saccharide isomerate as a new scalp care active against scalp flaking condition. MATERIAL AND METHODS We conducted a placebo-controlled clinical study in an adult Chinese population affected by dandruff scalp as assessed by an adherent scalp flaking score. We monitored transepidermal water loss (TEWL), sebum secretion, and scalp flaking during 28 days. RESULTS Formulations containing Saccharide isomerate significantly improved all parameters both over time as well as compared to the placebo formulation. CONCLUSION We propose Saccharide isomerate for cosmetic formulations directed toward improving scalp conditions such as dandruff or oily scalp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Martin
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care & Aroma, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Anson Zhang
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care & Aroma, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Remo Campiche
- DSM Nutritional Products, Personal Care & Aroma, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
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17
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Szczepańska M, Blicharz L, Nowaczyk J, Makowska K, Goldust M, Waśkiel-Burnat A, Czuwara J, Samochocki Z, Rudnicka L. The Role of the Cutaneous Mycobiome in Atopic Dermatitis. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:1153. [PMID: 36354920 PMCID: PMC9695942 DOI: 10.3390/jof8111153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by eczematous lesions, itch, and a significant deterioration in the quality of life. Recently, microbiome dysbiosis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Changes in the fungal microbiome (also termed mycobiome) appear to be an important factor influencing the clinical picture of this entity. This review summarizes the available insights into the role of the cutaneous mycobiome in atopic dermatitis and the new research possibilities in this field. The prevalence and characteristics of key fungal species, the most important pathogenesis pathways, as well as classic and emerging therapies of fungal dysbiosis and infections complicating atopic dermatitis, are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Szczepańska
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Blicharz
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Nowaczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Makowska
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mohamad Goldust
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Waśkiel-Burnat
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Czuwara
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Samochocki
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lidia Rudnicka
- Department of Dermatology, Medial University of Warsaw, 02-008 Warsaw, Poland
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18
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Gene Transfer in a Major Human Skin Commensal Fungus, Malassezia globosa. Appl Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/applmicrobiol2040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although the fungal microbiome in human skin mainly comprises lipophilic yeasts, including Malassezia species, these microorganisms can cause various dermatitis conditions, including pityriasis versicolor, seborrheic dermatitis, folliculitis, and atopic dermatitis, depending on the host condition. Both Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta are major species implicated in Malassezia-related dermatitis. However, the pathogenicity of these microorganisms has not been revealed at the genetic level owing to the lack of a genetic recombination system. Therefore, we developed a gene recombination system for M. globosa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transfer of the target gene FKB1, which encodes the FKBP12 protein that binds the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus. The wild-type strain of M. globosa was sensitive to tacrolimus, whereas the FKB1 deletion mutant was resistant to tacrolimus. Reintroduction of FKB1 into the FKB1 deletion mutant restored wild-type levels of susceptibility to tacrolimus. Moreover, an FKB1-eGFP fusion gene was generated and expression of this fusion protein was observed in the cytoplasm. This newly developed gene recombination system for M. globosa will help further our understanding of the pathogenesis of M. globosa-related dermatitis at the genetic level.
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A 3D-printed transepidermal microprojection array for human skin microbiome sampling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2203556119. [PMID: 35867832 PMCID: PMC9335308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203556119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin microbiome sampling is currently performed with tools such as swabs and tape strips to collect microbes from the skin surface. However, these conventional approaches may be unable to detect microbes deeper in the epidermis or in epidermal invaginations. We describe a sampling tool with a depth component, a transepidermal microprojection array (MPA), which captures microbial biomass from both the epidermal surface and deeper skin layers. We leveraged the rapid customizability of 3D printing to enable systematic optimization of MPA for human skin sampling. Evaluation of sampling efficacy on human scalp revealed the optimized MPA was comparable in sensitivity to swab and superior to tape strip, especially for nonstandard skin surfaces. We observed differences in species diversity, with the MPA detecting clinically relevant fungi more often than other approaches. This work delivers a tool in the complex field of skin microbiome sampling to potentially address gaps in our understanding of its role in health and disease.
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20
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Gruber JV, Riemer J. Examining Skin Recovery After a 3% Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide (H 2O 2) Treatment Using ATP Biofluorescence. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:929-937. [PMID: 35637748 PMCID: PMC9148219 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s363723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Since its complete mapping, the human skin microbiome has become an important area of research related to skin health. The human skin is populated by an environment of microorganisms, fungi, insects, and viruses that is collectively known as the microbiota, and the complete genomic contribution to the skin is called the microbiome. The terms are different but frequently used interchangeably. Measuring the skin’s microbial diversity can be done, but it is a sophisticated technique that is performed using expensive instruments that can sequence the 16S ribosomal RNA of the microorganisms. Finding more rapid and less costly methods to analyze the changes in the skin’s microbial biome is desirable. Methods A study was conducted on thirty (30) inner volar forearms to see if ATP biofluorescence could be employed to examine skin microbial dysbiosis caused by the application of 3% hydrogen peroxide. Fifteen individuals were examined on both arms for a total of thirty inner volar forearms using a Charm Science® NovaLum® ATP analyzer to examine in a broad sense the skin’s total microbial population and how it is affected after surface treatment with 3% hydrogen peroxide over a 24-hour period. Results It was found that surface treatment of the skin with three cotton swab applications of 3% hydrogen peroxide five minutes apart was able to statistically significantly suppress the expression of ATP biofluorescence compared against un-swabbed sites and the effects remained significant for six hours following the H2O2 treatment. After 8 hours, and into the 24th hour, the ATP biofluorescence difference returns to non-statistical significance indicating potential return of the stable microbiota. Discussion Using ATP biofluorescence to detect possible sanitizer-induced microbial dysbiosis may be a rapid way to examine how skin treatments may impact the return of microbially disrupted skin to its normal state and how surface treatments may impact the rate of return to normal after a disruptive event.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jed Riemer
- Research, Jeen International, Fairfield, NJ, USA
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21
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Kayıran MA, Sahin E, Koçoğlu E, Sezerman OU, Gürel MS, Karadağ AS. Is cutaneous microbiota a player in disease pathogenesis? Comparison of cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis with scalp involvement. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2022; 88:738-748. [PMID: 35389020 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_323_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about cutaneous microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis is limited, and a comparison of microbiota in the two diseases was not yet previously undertaken. AIMS/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the scalp lesional and non-lesional microbiota in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis with that in a healthy control group. METHODS Fifty samples were taken with sterile swabs from patients' and controls' scalps, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses were performed. RESULTS Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed that bacterial load and diversity were significantly increased in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis lesions compared to the controls. As phyla, Actinobacteria decreased and Firmicutes increased, while as genera, Propionibacterium decreased; Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Aquabacterium, Neisseria and Azospirillum increased in lesions of both diseases. Specifically, Mycobacterium, Finegoldia, Haemophilus and Ezakiella increased in psoriasis vulgaris and Enhydrobacter, Micromonospora and Leptotrichia increased in seborrheic dermatitis lesions. Mycobacterium, Ezakiella and Peptoniphilus density were higher in psoriasis vulgaris compared to seborrheic dermatitis lesions. The bacterial diversity and load values of non-lesional scalp in psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis lay between those of lesional areas and controls. LIMITATIONS The small sample size is the main limitation of this study. CONCLUSION Higher bacterial diversity was detected in lesions of both psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis compared to the controls, but similar alterations were observed when the two diseases were compared. Although these differences could be a result rather than a cause of the two diseases, there is a need to analyze all members of the microbiota and microbiota-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Aslan Kayıran
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Eray Sahin
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Koçoğlu
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Uğur Sezerman
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Salih Gürel
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Göztepe Prof. Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Serap Karadağ
- Department of Dermatology, Arel University Medical School, Memorial Health Group, Atasehir and Sisli Hospital, Dermatology Clinic, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Limbu SL, Purba TS, Harries M, Wikramanayake TC, Miteva M, Bhogal RK, O'Neill CA, Paus R. A folliculocentric perspective of dandruff pathogenesis: Could a troublesome condition be caused by changes to a natural secretory mechanism? Bioessays 2021; 43:e2100005. [PMID: 34486144 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common scalp condition, which frequently causes psychological distress in those affected. Dandruff is considered to be caused by an interplay of several factors. However, the pathogenesis of dandruff remains under-investigated, especially with respect to the contribution of the hair follicle. As the hair follicle exhibits unique immune-modulatory properties, including the creation of an immunoinhibitory, immune-privileged milieu, we propose a novel hypothesis taking into account the role of the hair follicle. We hypothesize that the changes and imbalance of yeast and bacterial species, along with increasing proinflammatory sebum by-products, leads to the activation of immune response and inflammation. Hair follicle keratinocytes may then detect these changes in scalp microbiota resulting in the recruitment of leukocytes to the inflammation site. These changes in the scalp skin immune-microenvironment may impact hair follicle immune privilege status, which opens new avenues into exploring the role of the hair follicle in dandruff pathogenesis. Also see the video abstract here: https://youtu.be/mEZEznCYtNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L Limbu
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Talveen S Purba
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew Harries
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Tongyu C Wikramanayake
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ranjit K Bhogal
- Unilever R&D Colworth, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, UK
| | - Catherine A O'Neill
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester & NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Monasterium Laboratory, Münster, Germany
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23
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Honnavar P, Chakrabarti A, Dhaliwal M, Dogra S, Handa S, Lakshmi PVM, Rudramurthy SM. Sociodemographic characteristics and spectrum of Malassezia species in individuals with and without seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff: A comparison of residents of the urban and rural populations. Med Mycol 2021; 59:259-265. [PMID: 32556200 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seborrhoeic dermatitis/dandruff (SD/D) is a common, persistent, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the areas rich in sebaceous glands. SD/D is widely prevalent in India but Malassezia species implicated are not well studied. To estimate the prevalence and spectrum of Malassezia species causing SD/D and understand the sociodemographic characteristics of SD/D in rural and urban populations, a total of 200 SD/D patients and 100 healthy controls (HC) from both rural and urban backgrounds were enrolled in this study. SD/D severity was clinically graded as mild, moderate, severe, and very severe. The isolates were identified by phenotypic characters and confirmed by ITS2 PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the ITS region of rDNA. Severe (59%) and very severe (71%) form of SD/D was higher in the rural population compared to the urban population (P = .004). The isolation rate of Malassezia was significantly higher in overall SD/D patients scalp (82%) compared to HC (67%) (P = .005). From the scalp of SD/D patients, M. globosa (36.2%) was predominantly isolated followed by M. restricta (31.3%), M. furfur (15.7%), a mixture of M. globosa and M. restricta (12%) or M. arunalokei (4.8%). Similarly, M. globosa (49.3%) was predominately isolated from the scalp of HC followed by M. restricta (22.4%). M. restricta was significantly higher in the scalp of SD/D patients compared to HC and/or nasolabial fold of both SD/D patients and HC (P = .0001). Our findings indicate that M. restricta has a high association with SD/D. More severe disease frequency was observed in the rural population. PRECIS Dandruff is associated with Malassezia restricta and very severe cases are higher in rural population, probably due the poor hygiene. Moderate to severe hair loss and itching were strongly associated with dandruff. Use of soaps to cleanse scalp appears to be better than shampoo in preventing dandruff.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sunil Dogra
- Dept. of Dermatology, Leprosy and Venereology
| | | | - P V M Lakshmi
- Dept. of Community Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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24
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Leong C, Wang J, Toi MJ, Lam YI, Goh JP, Lee SM, Dawson TL. Effect of zinc pyrithione shampoo treatment on skin commensal Malassezia. Med Mycol 2021; 59:210-213. [PMID: 32785575 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Malassezia restricta and Malassezia globosa are lipid dependent commensal yeasts associated with dandruff. Antifungal actives such as zinc pyrithione are commonly used in antidandruff shampoos, although their efficacy is not clearly demonstrated. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of antifungal treatments on scalp Malassezia via a combination of culturomic and genomic detection methods. Zinc pyrithione inhibited Malassezia growth at low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). In a longitudinal pilot study, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis showed a decrease in M. restricta on the scalp after zinc pyrithione treatment. These findings validate the antifungal efficacy of zinc pyrithione as a dandruff treatment. LAY ABSTRACT Malassezia yeasts are associated with dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis. Zinc pyrithione is effective against Malassezia growth in vitro and when tested on human skin as a shampoo. These findings will be useful for investigating the role of Malassezia in skin microbiome intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Leong
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joyce Wang
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Min Jet Toi
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Yuen In Lam
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Joleen Pz Goh
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Shi Mun Lee
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Thomas L Dawson
- Skin Research Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.,Center for Cell Death, Injury & Regeneration, Departments of Drug Discovery & Biomedical Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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25
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Sugita T, Yamazaki T, Cho O, Furukawa S, Mukai C. The skin mycobiome of an astronaut during a 1-year stay on the International Space Station. Med Mycol 2021; 59:106-109. [PMID: 32838424 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Analysis of the skin mycobiome of an astronaut during a 1-year stay on the International Space Station (ISS) revealed an increased relative abundance of Malassezia restricta and level of Malassezia colonization, and the presence of Cyberlindnera jadinii and Candida boidinii, uncommon skin mycobiome taxa. Similar observations were made in astronauts during a 6-month stay on the ISS (Med Mycol. 2016; 54: 232-239). Future plans for extended space travel should consider the effect of high levels of Malassezia colonization over long periods on astronauts' skin, and the abnormal proliferation of uncommon microorganisms that may occur in closed environments such as the ISS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Sugita
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamazaki
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Otomi Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Furukawa
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mukai
- Space Biomedical Research Group, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Tsukuba, Japan
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26
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Meason-Smith C, Olivry T, Lawhon SD, Hoffmann AR. Malassezia species dysbiosis in natural and allergen-induced atopic dermatitis in dogs. Med Mycol 2021; 58:756-765. [PMID: 31782778 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia dermatitis and otitis are recurrent features of canine atopic dermatitis, increasing the cost of care, and contributing to a reduced quality of life for the pet. The exact pathogenesis of secondary yeast infections in allergic dogs remains unclear, but some have proposed an overgrowth of M. pachydermatis to be one of the flare factors. The distribution of Malassezia populations on healthy and allergic canine skin has not been previously investigated using culture-independent methods. Skin swabs were collected from healthy, naturally affected allergic, and experimentally sensitized atopic dogs. From the extracted DNA, fungal next-generations sequencing (NGS) targeting the ITS region with phylogenetic analysis of sequences for species level classification, and Malassezia species-specific quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were performed. M. globosa was significantly more abundant on healthy canine skin by both methods (NGS P < .0001, qPCR P < .0001). M. restricta was significantly more abundant on healthy skin by NGS (P = .0023), and M. pachydermatis was significantly more abundant on naturally-affected allergic skin by NGS (P < .0001) and on allergen-induced atopic skin lesions by qPCR (P = .0015). Shifts in Malassezia populations were not observed in correlation with the development of allergen-induced skin lesions. Differences in the lipid dependency of predominant Malassezia commensals between groups suggests a role of the skin lipid content in driving community composition and raises questions of whether targeting skin lipids with therapeutics could promote healthy Malassezia populations on canine skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Meason-Smith
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Comparative Medicine Institute, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara D Lawhon
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, College Station, Texas, USA
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27
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Meloni M, Balzaretti S, Collard N, Desaint S, Laperdrix C. Reproducing the scalp microbiota community: co-colonization of a 3D reconstructed human epidermis with C. acnes and M. restricta. Int J Cosmet Sci 2021; 43:235-245. [PMID: 33469935 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A 3D reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) model colonized with specific microbial strains was developed to model the complex interactions between strains of the human scalp hair. METHODS Reconstructed human epidermis was colonized with Cutibacterium acnes and Malassezia restricta for 72 h. The epidermal model was characterized in terms of morphology, using immune-labelling targeting biomarkers for barrier structure, proliferation, differentiation and anti-microbial defence. The barrier function was assessed by transepithelial electrical eesistance (TEER) measurements. In order to study the microorganisms on the epidermal model, viable counts and phenotype ultrastructure analysis were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). RESULTS The RHE colonized with C. acnes did not lead to severe modifications of the physiological barrier integrity and viability, though it shows aggregates. M. restricta formed large aggregates by a close interaction with the RHE, thus causing both a strong decrease in barrier function and structure degradation and an increased human beta defensin 2 (HBD2) expression. The co-colonized model resulted in barrier depletion, but the overall damage was less severe, respecting the single colonization with M. restricta. The developed 'scalp model' allowed to identify morphological modifications leading to uncontrolled epidermal renewal. CONCLUSION This study shows a pre-clinical model that recapitulates the interactions that can occur between site-specific microbial strains and keratinocytes in dandruff condition. The model can be applied to assess ingredients and products' mechanism of action.
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28
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De Pessemier B, Grine L, Debaere M, Maes A, Paetzold B, Callewaert C. Gut-Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions. Microorganisms 2021; 9:353. [PMID: 33670115 PMCID: PMC7916842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the skin microbiome altered, but also surprisingly many skin diseases are accompanied by an altered gut microbiome. The microbiome is a key regulator for the immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis by communicating with tissues and organs in a bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and even skin cancer. Here, we focus on the associations between the microbiome, diet, metabolites, and immune responses in skin pathologies. This review describes an exhaustive list of common skin conditions with associated dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as the current body of evidence on gut microbiome dysbiosis, dietary links, and their interplay with skin conditions. An enhanced understanding of the local skin and gut microbiome including the underlying mechanisms is necessary to shed light on the microbial involvement in human skin diseases and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britta De Pessemier
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Lynda Grine
- Department of Head & Skin, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Melanie Debaere
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Aglaya Maes
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
| | | | - Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; (B.D.P.); (M.D.); (A.M.)
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29
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Callewaert C, Knödlseder N, Karoglan A, Güell M, Paetzold B. Skin microbiome transplantation and manipulation: Current state of the art. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:624-631. [PMID: 33510866 PMCID: PMC7806958 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Many skin conditions are associated with an imbalance in the skin microbiome. In recent years, the skin microbiome has become a hot topic, for both therapeutic and cosmetic purposes. The possibility of manipulating the human skin microbiome to address skin conditions has opened exciting new paths for therapy. Here we review the skin microbiome manipulation strategies, ranging from skin microbiome transplantation, over skin bacteriotherapy to the use of prebiotics, probiotics and postbiotics. We summarize all efforts undertaken to exchange, manipulate, transplant or selectively apply the skin microbiome to date. Multiple microbial groups have been targeted, since they have been proven to be beneficial for skin health. We focus on the most common skin disorders and their associated skin microbiome dysbiosis and we review the existing scientific data and clinical trials undertaken to combat these skin conditions. The skin microbiome represents a novel platform for therapy. Transplantation of a complete microbiome or application of single strains has demonstrated beneficial therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Callewaert
- Center for Microbial Ecology and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nastassia Knödlseder
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ante Karoglan
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Magdeburg, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marc Güell
- Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), C. Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
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30
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Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Hackl H, Gruber R, Pilecky M, Knabl L, Orth-Höller D, Dubrac S. Initial Evidence of Distinguishable Bacterial and Fungal Dysbiosis in the Skin of Patients with Atopic Dermatitis or Netherton Syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:114-123. [PMID: 32553662 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease in which epidermal barrier impairment, often owing to FLG null mutations, precedes immune hyperresponsiveness. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized by FLG null mutations and noninflamed dry skin. Netherton syndrome (NS), caused by SPINK5 null mutations, is characterized by generalized erythroderma with scaling and atopic manifestations. The goal of this work was to evaluate associations between specific skin disease features, such as ichthyotic and/or atopic manifestations, and the skin bacterial and fungal microbiota. Taxon diversity showed greater variation in the bacterial microbiota than in the fungal microbiota in the skin diseases. The relative abundances of Firmicutes (Staphylococcus) and Actinobacteria (Corynebacterium) were augmented in ichthyosis vulgaris, AD, and NS, whereas those of Proteobacteria/Enhydrobacter and Bacteroidetes were reduced, regardless of body site. Furthermore, proportions of Staphylococcus were correlated with transepidermal water loss and serum IgE levels. Nevertheless, the skin of patients with low to mild AD was overcolonized with Staphylococcus epidermidis and not with Staphylococcus aureus. Ascomycota were increased in both AD and NS, but from expansion of different fungal species. Finally, the expansion of pathologic bacteria in AD and NS might be supported by surrounding fungi. Thus, distinguishable bacterial and fungal skin dysbiosis in AD, NS, and ichthyosis vulgaris emphasizes disease-specific pathomechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Matthias Pilecky
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Department for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Ludwig Knabl
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dorothea Orth-Höller
- Division of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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31
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Zhu T, Duan YY, Kong FQ, Galzote C, Quan ZX. Dynamics of Skin Mycobiome in Infants. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1790. [PMID: 32849406 PMCID: PMC7401610 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the microbial community structure of the human skin is important for treating cutaneous diseases; however, little is known regarding skin fungal communities (mycobiomes). The aim of the present study was to investigate the features of and variations in skin fungal communities during infancy in 110 subjects less than 6 months of age. Skin samples were obtained from the back, antecubital fossa, and volar forearm, while physiological parameters including transepidermal water loss, pH, surface moisture, and deep layer hydration were evaluated. Skin fungal diversity decreased after the first three months of life. Differences in fungal community composition were greater among individual infants than among the three skin sites in the same individual. Inter- and intra-individual variation were similar and lower, respectively, than the variability between two samples obtained 12 weeks apart, from the same site in the same subject, suggesting low stability of fungal communities on infant skin. Skin physiological parameters showed little correlation with skin fungal community structure. Additionally, Malassezia was the most represented genus (36.43%) and M. globosa was the most abundant species in Malassezia with its abundance decreasing from 54.06% at 0–2 months to 34.54% at 5–6 months. These findings provide a basis for investigating the causative fungi-skin interactions associated with skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Duan
- AP Skin Testing Center, Johnson & Johnson China Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Fan-Qi Kong
- AP Skin Testing Center, Johnson & Johnson China Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Carlos Galzote
- Johnson & Johnson International (Singapore) Pte. Ltd., Manila, Philippines
| | - Zhe-Xue Quan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Biodiversity Science, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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32
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Sparber F, Ruchti F, LeibundGut-Landmann S. Host Immunity to Malassezia in Health and Disease. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:198. [PMID: 32477963 PMCID: PMC7232612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota plays an integral role in shaping physical and functional aspects of the skin. While a healthy microbiota contributes to the maintenance of immune homeostasis, dysbiosis can result in the development of diverse skin pathologies. This dichotomous feature of the skin microbiota holds true not only for bacteria, but also for fungi that colonize the skin. As such, the yeast Malassezia, which is by far the most abundant component of the skin mycobiota, is associated with a variety of skin disorders, of which some can be chronic and severe and have a significant impact on the quality of life of those affected. Understanding the causative relationship between Malassezia and the development of such skin disorders requires in-depth knowledge of the mechanism by which the immune system interacts with and responds to the fungus. In this review, we will discuss recent advances in our understanding of the immune response to Malassezia and how the implicated cells and cytokine pathways prevent uncontrolled fungal growth to maintain commensalism in the mammalian skin. We also review how the antifungal response is currently thought to affect the development and severity of inflammatory disorders of the skin and at distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Sparber
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiorella Ruchti
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Salomé LeibundGut-Landmann
- Section of Immunology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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33
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Lin Q, Panchamukhi A, Li P, Shan W, Zhou H, Hou L, Chen W. Malassezia and Staphylococcus dominate scalp microbiome for seborrheic dermatitis. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 44:965-975. [PMID: 32219537 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common disease of the human scalp that causes physical damage and psychological problems for patients. Studies have indicated that dysbiosis of the scalp microbiome results in SD. However, the specific fungal and bacterial microbiome changes related to SD remain elusive. To further investigate the fungal and bacterial microbiome changes associated with SD, we recruited 57 SD patients and 53 healthy individuals and explored their scalp microbiomes using next generation sequencing and the QIIME and LEfSe bioinformatics tools. Skin pH, sebum secretion, hydration, and trans-epidermal water loss (TWEL) were also measured at the scalp. We found no statistically significant differences between the normal and lesion sites in SD patients with different subtypes of dandruff and erythema. However, the fungal and bacterial microbiome could differentiate SD patients from healthy controls. The presence of Malassezia and Aspergillus was both found to be potential fungal biomarkers for SD, while Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were found to be potential bacterial biomarkers. The fungal and bacterial microbiome were divided into three clusters through co-abundance analysis and their correlations with host factors indicated the interactions and potential cooperation and resistance between microbe communities and host. Our research showed the skin microbe dysbiosis of SD and highlighted specific microorganisms that may serve as potential biomarkers of SD. The etiology of SD is multi-pathogenetic-dependent on the linkage of several microbes with host. Scalp microbiome homeostasis could be a promising new target in the risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of SD disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Lin
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 10071, China
| | - Ananth Panchamukhi
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Pan Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Wang Shan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongwei Zhou
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Lihua Hou
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 10071, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, 10071, China.
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Sadhasivam S, Garkhal K, Singh H, Yadav V, Chawrai S, Ramnane M, Jain S, Sardana K, Ghosh S. Newly Developed Anti-Dandruff Regimen, VB-3222, Delivers Enhanced Sensorial and Effective Therapeutic Benefits Against Moderate Adherent Dandruff. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2020; 13:187-195. [PMID: 32110083 PMCID: PMC7041436 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s219109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Uninhibited proliferation of Malassezia spp., enhanced sebaceous gland activity and individual sensitivity are three prime etiological factors behind dandruff. For many dandruff sufferers, existing anti-dandruff products start yielding unsatisfactory results after a few cycles of use. This observation made us explore the physical and biological environment of the host and exploit the specific type of lipid dependence of Malassezia spp. for their survival. A shampoo formulation (product code VB-3222) was developed to address the shortcomings of existing therapy. Purpose Evaluating efficacy of VB-3222 in comparison to marketed products through in vitro assays and subsequently demonstrating its advantages in a clinical study. Methods VB-3222 was developed with a derivative of medium chain fatty acid (MCFA) and zinc pyrithione and compared against marketed comparators by in vitro time kill assay. Subsequently, VB-3222 shampoo was tested in a 21-day clinical trial on 25 moderate dandruff subjects to evaluate local safety and efficacy. Results VB-3222 in all in vitro cases demonstrated significantly better fungicidal activity than its marketed comparators. In the clinical trial, VB-3222 was well tolerated in all subjects and imparted consistent reduction of the ASFS (adherent scalp flaking score) and the pruritus score. At days 7 and 21, 55% and 90% reduction in the ASFS in comparison to treatment initiation and 50% and 95.5% reduction in the pruritus score were observed. Conclusion The increased efficacy of VB-3222 over comparator products in vitro, and the dramatic reduction (>90%) in ASFS and pruritis in subjects within 21 days of use with excellent tolerability and sensorial profile, positions VB-3222 as the new generation treatment for adherent dandruff. Clinical Trial Registration No CTRI/2018/05/013567.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vishal Yadav
- Vyome Therapeutics Limited, New Delhi 110092, India
| | | | - Mukesh Ramnane
- MS Clinical Research Pvt. Ltd, Ulsoor, Bangalore 560008, India
| | - Shilpi Jain
- Vyome Therapeutics Limited, New Delhi 110092, India
| | - Kabir Sardana
- Department of Dermatology, Dr RML Hospital and PGIMER, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Shamik Ghosh
- Vyome Therapeutics Limited, New Delhi 110092, India
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Aktaş Karabay E, Aksu Çerman A. Serum zinc levels in seborrheic dermatitis: a case-control study. Turk J Med Sci 2019; 49:1503-1508. [PMID: 31651121 PMCID: PMC7018314 DOI: 10.3906/sag-1906-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim Malassezia colonization, sebaceous gland activity, hormones, immune system defects, environmental factors, and the interactions between these factors are thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis (SD). Zinc, an essential element, is involved in many biological processes including the ones that contribute to the development of SD. The aim of this study is to evaluate serum zinc levels in patients with SD. Materials and methods Forty-three patients with SD and 41 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was assessed by the Seborrheic Dermatitis Area and Severity Index by a single dermatologist. Serum zinc levels of all subjects were evaluated. Results Statistically significantly lower serum zinc levels were noted in SD patients than in the control group (79.16 ± 12.17 vs. 84.88 ± 13.59, respectively; P = 0.045). Conclusion The results of the study demonstrated that patients who had SD had lower levels of serum zinc levels than healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi Aktaş Karabay
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslı Aksu Çerman
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Health Sciences University,Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
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Piraccini BM, Berardesca E, Fabbrocini G, Micali G, Tosti A. Biotin: overview of the treatment of diseases of cutaneous appendages and of hyperseborrhea. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2019; 154:557-566. [PMID: 31638351 DOI: 10.23736/s0392-0488.19.06434-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
One of the most common micronutrient deficiencies with cutaneous findings is the vitamin B, also known as biotin, deficiency. Biotin deficiency may be due to congenital lack of biotinidase, or acquired following some conditions that interfere with its absorption, such as inflammatory bowel disorders, a diet too rich in avidin, magnesium deficiency, smoking habit and treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics, anticonvulsants and sulfonamides. This review highlights the role of biotin in the most common skin disorders such associated with biotin deficiency and an approach to their treatment. Biotin administration may improve the treatment of hair loss when deficiency is detected on the basis of a careful patient history, clinical examination and the determination of serum biotin levels. The use of biotin is rationale in seborrheic dermatitis as the vitamin intercepts the main metabolic pathways underlying the pathogenesis of the disease. Treatment with biotin could also be useful in comedonal acne characterized by a high rate of seborrhea, and may be helpful for acne treated with topical retinoids, contributing to the control of flaking and irritation. The tolerability of biotin is excellent and there is no risk of hypervitaminosis even in the case of high doses. It is important that administration is controlled by physicians and follows a medical diagnosis and prescription. Correct doses used in dermatological conditions are safe and are not at risk of interference with laboratory tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Piraccini
- Department of Diagnostic and Experimental Medicine (DIMES), Alma Mater Studiorum University, Bologna, Italy -
| | | | - Gabriella Fabbrocini
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Micali
- Section of Dermatology and Venereology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Vittorio Emanuele Polyclinic Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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Tejima K, Chen X, Iwatani S, Kajiwara S. Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Synthetase is Associated with the Growth of Malassezia spp. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:E88. [PMID: 31546626 PMCID: PMC6958399 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic fungal pathogen Malassezia spp. must acquire long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) from outside the cell. To clarify the mechanism of LCFA acquisition, we investigated fatty acid uptake by this fungus and identified the long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) gene FAA1 in three Malassezia spp.: M. globosa, M. pachydermatis, and M. sympodialis. These FAA1 genes could compensate for the double mutation of FAA1 and FAA4 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, suggesting that Malassezia Faa1 protein recognizes exogenous LCFAs. MgFaa1p and MpFaa1p utilized a medium-chain fatty acid, lauric acid (C12:0). Interestingly, the ACS inhibitor, triacsin C, affected the activity of the Malassezia Faa1 proteins but not that of S. cerevisiae. Triacsin C also reduced the growth of M. globosa, M. pachydermatis, and M. sympodialis. These results suggest that triacsin C and its derivatives are potential compounds for the development of new anti-Malassezia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Tejima
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-7, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Xinyue Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-7, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Shun Iwatani
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-7, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-7, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan.
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Piquero-Casals J, Hexsel D, Mir-Bonafé JF, Rozas-Muñoz E. Topical Non-Pharmacological Treatment for Facial Seborrheic Dermatitis. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:469-477. [PMID: 31396944 PMCID: PMC6704200 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-00319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Facial seborrheic dermatitis (FSD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disorder occurring in areas of the face rich in sebaceous glands. It clinically manifests as erythematous scaly macules or plaques, often associated with pruritus. Although the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis is not yet fully understood, Malassezia yeast, hormones, sebum levels, and immune response are known to play important roles. Additional factors including drugs, cold temperatures, and stress may exacerbate the condition. Currently, the available treatments do not cure the disease but relieve symptoms. Various pharmacological treatments are available, including antifungal agents, keratolytics, topical low-potency steroids, and calcineurin inhibitors. All of them provide several benefits, but they also have potential side effects. Seborrheic dermatitis tends to have a chronic, recurrent course. To avoid the long-term use of drugs, topical non-pharmacological products such as cosmetics or medical devices may improve clinical outcomes. Products with antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory ingredients such as zinc, piroctone olamine, dihydroavenanthramide, biosaccharide gum-2, and stearyl glycyrrhetinate may speed FSD recovery and avoid flare-ups. Finally, the use of specific cleansers, moisturizers, and sunscreens formulated as light creams or gel/creams should be strongly recommended to all FSD patients. We provide a brief review of the most used non-pharmacological cleansers, topical gel/creams, and specific sunscreens in the management of FSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Piquero-Casals
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Doris Hexsel
- Brazilian Center for Studies in Dermatology, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Rozas-Muñoz
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Laurence M, Benito-León J, Calon F. Malassezia and Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2019; 10:758. [PMID: 31396143 PMCID: PMC6667642 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common debilitating neurodegenerative disease caused by a loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra within the central nervous system (CNS). The process leading to this neuronal loss is poorly understood. Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) is a common benign inflammatory condition of the skin which mainly affects lipid-rich regions of the head and trunk. SD is caused by over proliferation of the lipophilic fungus Malassezia. PD and SD are strongly associated. The increased PD risk following an SD diagnosis (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.36, 2.1; p < 0.001) reported by Tanner and colleagues remains unexplained. Malassezia were historically considered commensals confined to the skin. However, many recent studies report finding Malassezia in internal organs, including the CNS. This raises the possibility that Malassezia might be directly contributing to PD. Several lines of evidence support this hypothesis. AIDS is causally associated with both parkinsonism and SD, suggesting that weak T cell-mediated control of commensal microbes such as Malassezia might contribute to both. Genetic polymorphisms associated with PD (LRRK2, GBA, PINK1, SPG11, SNCA) increase availability of lipids within human cells, providing a suitable environment for Malassezia. Four LRRK2 polymorphisms which increase PD risk also increase Crohn's disease risk; Crohn's disease is strongly associated with an immune response against fungi, particularly Malassezia. Finally, Malassezia hypha formation and melanin synthesis are stimulated by L-DOPA, which could promote Malassezia invasiveness of dopamine neurons, and contribute to the accumulation of melanin in these neurons. Although Malassezia's presence in the substantia nigra remains to be confirmed, if Malassezia play a role in PD etiology, antifungal drugs should be tested as a possible therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julián Benito-León
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital "12 de Octubre", Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Neurosciences Unit, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Sangiovanni M, Granata I, Thind AS, Guarracino MR. From trash to treasure: detecting unexpected contamination in unmapped NGS data. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:168. [PMID: 30999839 PMCID: PMC6472186 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-2684-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) experiments produce millions of short sequences that, mapped to a reference genome, provide biological insights at genomic, transcriptomic and epigenomic level. Typically the amount of reads that correctly maps to the reference genome ranges between 70% and 90%, leaving in some cases a consistent fraction of unmapped sequences. This ’misalignment’ can be ascribed to low quality bases or sequence differences between the sample reads and the reference genome. Investigating the source of the unmapped reads is definitely important to better assess the quality of the whole experiment and to check for possible downstream or upstream ’contamination’ from exogenous nucleic acids. Results Here we propose DecontaMiner, a tool to unravel the presence of contaminating sequences among the unmapped reads. It uses a subtraction approach to identify bacteria, fungi and viruses genome contamination. DecontaMiner generates several output files to track all the processed reads, and to provide a complete report of their characteristics. The good quality matches on microorganism genomes are counted and compared among samples. DecontaMiner builds an offline HTML page containing summary statistics and plots. The latter are obtained using the state-of-the-art D3 javascript libraries. DecontaMiner has been mainly used to detect contamination in human RNA-Seq data. The software is freely available at http://www-labgtp.na.icar.cnr.it/decontaminer. Conclusions DecontaMiner is a tool designed and developed to investigate the presence of contaminating sequences in unmapped NGS data. It can suggest the presence of contaminating organisms in sequenced samples, that might derive either from laboratory contamination or from their biological source, and in both cases can be considered as worthy of further investigation and experimental validation. The novelty of DecontaMiner is mainly represented by its easy integration with the standard procedures of NGS data analysis, while providing a complete, reliable, and automatic pipeline. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12859-019-2684-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Sangiovanni
- Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Napoli, 80121, Italy
| | - Ilaria Granata
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy.
| | - Amarinder Singh Thind
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
| | - Mario Rosario Guarracino
- High Performance Computing and Networking Institute, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino, 111, Napoli, 80131, Italy
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Tee CB, Sei Y, Kajiwara S. Secreted Hydrolytic and Haemolytic Activities of Malassezia Clinical Strains. Mycopathologia 2019; 184:227-238. [PMID: 30919309 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-019-00330-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Malassezia yeasts are opportunistic pathogens associated with a number of skin diseases in animals and humans. The free fatty acids released through these organisms' lipase and phospholipase activities trigger inflammation in the host; thus, these lipase and phospholipase activities are widely recognised as some of the most important factors in Malassezia pathogenesis. In this study, we sought to investigate and examine the relationship between these secreted hydrolytic activities and haemolytic activity in newly isolated Malassezia clinical strains. This characterisation was expected to elucidate pathogenicity of this fungus. We isolated 35 clinical strains of Malassezia spp.; the most frequently isolated species were M. sympodialis and M. furfur. Next, we analysed the hydrolytic activities of all of these clinical isolates; all of these strains (except for one M. dermatis isolate) showed detectable lipase and phospholipase activities against 4-nitrophenyl palmitate and L-α-phosphatidylcholine, dipalmitoyl, respectively. Most of the M. globosa isolates showed higher lipase activities than isolates of other Malassezia species. In terms of phospholipase activity, no significant difference was observed among species of Malassezia, although one isolate of M. globosa showed considerably higher phospholipase activity than the others. All tested strains also exhibited haemolytic activity, both as determined using 5% (v/v) sheep blood agar (halo assay) and by quantitative assay. Although all tested strains showed detectable haemolytic activity, we did not observe an apparent correlation between the secreted lipase and phospholipase activities and haemolytic activity. We infer that the haemolytic activities of Malassezia spp. are mediated by non-enzymatic factor(s) that are present in the secreted samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chui Boon Tee
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-7, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sei
- Department of Dermatology, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - Susumu Kajiwara
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, J3-7, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 226-8501, Japan.
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Olm MR, West PT, Brooks B, Firek BA, Baker R, Morowitz MJ, Banfield JF. Genome-resolved metagenomics of eukaryotic populations during early colonization of premature infants and in hospital rooms. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:26. [PMID: 30770768 PMCID: PMC6377789 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal infections are a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in hospitalized preterm infants, yet little is known about eukaryotic colonization of infants and of the neonatal intensive care unit as a possible source of colonizing strains. This is partly because microbiome studies often utilize bacterial 16S rRNA marker gene sequencing, a technique that is blind to eukaryotic organisms. Knowledge gaps exist regarding the phylogeny and microdiversity of eukaryotes that colonize hospitalized infants, as well as potential reservoirs of eukaryotes in the hospital room built environment. RESULTS Genome-resolved analysis of 1174 time-series fecal metagenomes from 161 premature infants revealed fungal colonization of 10 infants. Relative abundance levels reached as high as 97% and were significantly higher in the first weeks of life (p = 0.004). When fungal colonization occurred, multiple species were present more often than expected by random chance (p = 0.008). Twenty-four metagenomic samples were analyzed from hospital rooms of six different infants. Compared to floor and surface samples, hospital sinks hosted diverse and highly variable communities containing genomically novel species, including from Diptera (fly) and Rhabditida (worm) for which genomes were assembled. With the exception of Diptera and two other organisms, zygosity of the newly assembled diploid eukaryote genomes was low. Interestingly, Malassezia and Candida species were present in both room and infant gut samples. CONCLUSIONS Increased levels of fungal co-colonization may reflect synergistic interactions or differences in infant susceptibility to fungal colonization. Discovery of eukaryotic organisms that have not been sequenced previously highlights the benefit of genome-resolved analyses, and low zygosity of assembled genomes could reflect inbreeding or strong selection imposed by room conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Olm
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Patrick T. West
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Brandon Brooks
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Present address: Kaleido Biosciences, Bedford, MA USA
| | - Brian A. Firek
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Robyn Baker
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Magee-Womens Hospital of UPMC, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Jillian F. Banfield
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA USA
- Earth Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA USA
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Vashi NA, Patzelt N, Wirya S, Maymone MB, Kundu RV. Dermatoses caused by cultural practices. J Am Acad Dermatol 2018; 79:19-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2017.06.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Putting It All Together to Understand the Role of Malassezia spp. in Dandruff Etiology. Mycopathologia 2018; 183:893-903. [PMID: 29946996 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-018-0283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common scalp condition causing both a discomfort and an undesired social image. Various studies dating from early 1900s have investigated the condition, but understanding of underlying mechanisms and etiology of the condition is still in its infancy. Formation of dandruff is a common but complex event which has been associated with numerous causal factors. Physiological conditions such as pH, water content, or sebum secretion are some of the host-related factors. An imbalance between these factors can disturb the physiological equilibrium of the scalp that can lead to dandruff formation. However, severity of the condition is strongly related to the lipophilic yeast of the skin microbiota, Malassezia spp. On the other hand, there are recent publications highlighting the role of other scalp microbiota members on dandruff formation. This review investigates the processes leading to the formation of dandruff to provide an etiological description of the condition, with a focus on Malassezia spp.
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Nocentini A, Bua S, Del Prete S, Heravi YE, Saboury AA, Karioti A, Bilia AR, Capasso C, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Natural Polyphenols Selectively Inhibit β-Carbonic Anhydrase from the Dandruff-Producing Fungus Malassezia globosa: Activity and Modeling Studies. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:816-823. [PMID: 29575699 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Around 50 % of the worldwide population is affected by dandruff, which is triggered by a variety of factors. The yeast Malassezia globosa has been labeled as the most probable causative agent for the onset of dandruff. The β-carbonic anhydrase (CA) of MgCA was recently validated as an anti-dandruff target, with its inhibition being responsible for in vivo growth defects in the fungus. As classical CA inhibitors of the sulfonamide type give rise to permeability problems through biological membranes, finding non-sulfonamide alternatives for MgCA inhibition is of considerable interest in the cosmetic field. We recently screened a large library of human (h) CA inhibitors for MgCA inhibition, including different chemotypes, such as monothiocarbamates, dithiocarbamates, phenols, and benzoxaboroles. Herein, we expanded the research toward new MgCA inhibitors by considering a set of natural polyphenols (including flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols, isoflavones, and depsides) that exhibited MgCA inhibitory activity in the micromolar range, as well as selectivity for the fungal isozyme over off-target human isoforms. The binding mode of representative derivatives within the MgCA catalytic cleft was investigated by docking studies using a homology-built model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.,Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Silvia Bua
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Ali A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anastasia Karioti
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Pharmacy, University Campus, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Rita Bilia
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse (IBBR)-CNR, via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling, Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Department NEUROFARBA-Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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Seborrheic Dermatitis. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00076-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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Reygagne P, Bastien P, Couavoux M, Philippe D, Renouf M, Castiel-Higounenc I, Gueniche A. The positive benefit of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC2461 ST11 in healthy volunteers with moderate to severe dandruff. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:671-680. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dandruff is a common persistent, relapsing inflammatory condition affecting the scalp. An imbalanced proportion of the major bacterial and fungal populations colonising the scalp, a skin barrier dysfunction, and hyperseborrhoea are three main etiological factors of dandruff. The efficacy of Lactobacillus paracasei NCC 2461 ST11 (ST11) to manage dandruff and to restore a balanced scalp microbiome was assessed. Sixty healthy male volunteers aged 18 to 60 years with moderate to severe dandruff consumed on a daily basis a sachet containing ST11 (1×109 cfu) or a placebo for 56 days. Clinical efficacy (free and adherent dandruff, erythema, scalp seborrhoea, global clinical score), subject self-assessments, safety reporting as well as scalp microbiota assessments were performed every two weeks (day 1, 15, 29, 43, 57 and 64/follow-up). Free and adherent dandruff, erythema and the global clinical score improved significantly (all P<0.05) over time in the ST11 group and as compared to the placebo when day 57 was compared to day 1. Self-assessments paralleled these findings. ST11 enhanced restoring the scalp microbiota after 56 days of supplementation when compared to the placebo. No adverse events were reported. Regular intake of ST11 over 56 days is safe and reduces significantly the severity of signs and symptoms of moderate to severe dandruff. Its efficacy is potentially due to its positive impact on the skin barrier and skin immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Reygagne
- SABOURAUD Healthcare Centre, Saint Louis Hospital, 1 Avenue Claude Vellefaux, 75010 Paris, France
| | - P. Bastien
- L’Oréal, Recherche and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay sous-Bois, France
| | | | - D. Philippe
- Nestlé Research Center, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M. Renouf
- Nestlé Research Center, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I. Castiel-Higounenc
- L’Oréal, Recherche and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay sous-Bois, France
| | - A. Gueniche
- L’Oréal, Recherche and Innovation, 1 avenue Eugène Schueller, 93601 Aulnay sous-Bois, France
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Nocentini A, Vullo D, Del Prete S, Osman SM, Alasmary FAS, AlOthman Z, Capasso C, Carta F, Gratteri P, Supuran CT. Inhibition of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the dandruff-producing fungus Malassezia globosa with monothiocarbamates. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:1064-1070. [PMID: 28766952 PMCID: PMC6010091 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1355307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of monothiocarbamates (MTCs) was investigated for the inhibition of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the fungal parasite Malassezia globosa, MgCA. These MTCs incorporate various scaffolds, among which aliphatic amine with 1–4 carbons atom in their molecule, morpholine, piperazine, as well as phenethylamine and benzylamine derivatives. All the reported MTCs displayed a better efficacy in inhibiting MgCA compared to the clinically used sulphonamide drug acetazolamide (KI of 74 μM), with KIs spanning between 1.85 and 18.9 μM. The homology model of the enzyme previously reported by us was used to rationalize the results by docking some of these MTCs within the fungal CA active site. This study might be useful to enrich the knowledge of the MgCA inhibition profile, eliciting novel ideas pertaining the design of modulators with potential efficacy in combatting dandruff or other fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nocentini
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy.,b Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics and QSAR , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Daniela Vullo
- c Polo Scientifico, Laboratorio di Chimica Bioinorganica , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy.,d Istituto di Bioscienze e Biorisorse - CNR , Napoli , Italy
| | - Sameh M Osman
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatmah A S Alasmary
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeid AlOthman
- e Department of Chemistry, College of Science , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fabrizio Carta
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- b Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics and QSAR , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- a Department Neurofarba - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section , University of Firenze , Firenze , Italy
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49
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Chen G, Ji C, Miao M, Yang K, Luo Y, Hoptroff M, Collins LZ, Janssen HG. Ex-vivo measurement of scalp follicular infundibulum delivery of zinc pyrithione and climbazole from an anti-dandruff shampoo. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 143:26-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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50
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Be NA, Avila-Herrera A, Allen JE, Singh N, Checinska Sielaff A, Jaing C, Venkateswaran K. Whole metagenome profiles of particulates collected from the International Space Station. MICROBIOME 2017; 5:81. [PMID: 28716113 PMCID: PMC5514531 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-017-0292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The built environment of the International Space Station (ISS) is a highly specialized space in terms of both physical characteristics and habitation requirements. It is unique with respect to conditions of microgravity, exposure to space radiation, and increased carbon dioxide concentrations. Additionally, astronauts inhabit a large proportion of this environment. The microbial composition of ISS particulates has been reported; however, its functional genomics, which are pertinent due to potential impact of its constituents on human health and operational mission success, are not yet characterized. METHODS This study examined the whole metagenome of ISS microbes at both species- and gene-level resolution. Air filter and dust samples from the ISS were analyzed and compared to samples collected in a terrestrial cleanroom environment. Furthermore, metagenome mining was carried out to characterize dominant, virulent, and novel microorganisms. The whole genome sequences of select cultivable strains isolated from these samples were extracted from the metagenome and compared. RESULTS Species-level composition in the ISS was found to be largely dominated by Corynebacterium ihumii GD7, with overall microbial diversity being lower in the ISS relative to the cleanroom samples. When examining detection of microbial genes relevant to human health such as antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes, it was found that a larger number of relevant gene categories were observed in the ISS relative to the cleanroom. Strain-level cross-sample comparisons were made for Corynebacterium, Bacillus, and Aspergillus showing possible distinctions in the dominant strain between samples. CONCLUSION Species-level analyses demonstrated distinct differences between the ISS and cleanroom samples, indicating that the cleanroom population is not necessarily reflective of space habitation environments. The overall population of viable microorganisms and the functional diversity inherent to this unique closed environment are of critical interest with respect to future space habitation. Observations and studies such as these will be important to evaluating the conditions required for long-term health of human occupants in such environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Be
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Aram Avila-Herrera
- Computation Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan E Allen
- Computation Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Nitin Singh
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 89-2, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
| | - Aleksandra Checinska Sielaff
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 89-2, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
- Present Address: Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Crystal Jaing
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Kasthuri Venkateswaran
- Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, M/S 89-2, 4800 Oak Grove Dr., Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA.
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