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He M, Zong X, Xu B, Qi W, Huang W, Djekidel MN, Zhang Y, Pagala VR, Li J, Hao X, Guy C, Bai L, Cross R, Li C, Peng J, Feng Y. Dynamic Foxp3-chromatin interaction controls tunable Treg cell function. J Exp Med 2024; 221:e20232068. [PMID: 38935023 PMCID: PMC11211070 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20232068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor Foxp3 determines regulatory T (Treg) cell fate and function via mechanisms that remain unclear. Here, we investigate the nature of Foxp3-mediated gene regulation in suppressing autoimmunity and antitumor immune response. Contrasting with previous models, we find that Foxp3-chromatin binding is regulated by Treg activation states, tumor microenvironment, and antigen and cytokine stimulations. Proteomics studies uncover dynamic proteins within Foxp3 proximity upon TCR or IL-2 receptor signaling in vitro, reflecting intricate interactions among Foxp3, signal transducers, and chromatin. Pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockdown experiments indicate that NFAT and AP-1 protein Batf are required for enhanced Foxp3-chromatin binding in activated Treg cells and tumor-infiltrating Treg cells to modulate target gene expression. Furthermore, mutations at the Foxp3 DNA-binding domain destabilize the Foxp3-chromatin association. These representative settings delineate context-dependent Foxp3-chromatin interaction, suggesting that Foxp3 associates with chromatin by hijacking DNA-binding proteins resulting from Treg activation or differentiation, which is stabilized by direct Foxp3-DNA binding, to dynamically regulate Treg cell function according to immunological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong He
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xinying Zong
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjie Qi
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Vishwajeeth R. Pagala
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Xiaolei Hao
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Clifford Guy
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Bai
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Cross
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Junmin Peng
- Department of Structure Biology and Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yongqiang Feng
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Ming K, Xing B, Ren X, Hu Y, Wei L, Wang Z, Mei M, Weng J, Wei Z. De novo design of mini-binder proteins against IL-2 receptor β chain. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133834. [PMID: 39002899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
IL-2 regulates the immune response by interacting with different IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits. High dose of IL-2 binds to IL-2Rβγc heterodimer, which induce various side effects while activating immune function. Disrupting IL-2 and IL-2R interactions can block IL-2 mediated immune response. Here, we used a computational approach to de novo design mini-binder proteins against IL-2R β chain (IL-2Rβ) to block IL-2 signaling. The hydrophobic region where IL-2 binds to IL-2Rβ was selected and the promising binding mode was broadly explored. Three mini-binders with amino acid numbers ranging from 55 to 65 were obtained and binder 1 showed the best effects in inhibiting CTLL-2 cells proliferation and STAT5 phosphorylation. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that the binding of binder 1 to IL-2Rβ was stable; the free energy of binder1/IL-2Rβ complex was lower, indicating that the affinity of binder 1 to IL-2Rβ was higher than that of IL-2. Free energy decomposition suggested that the ARG35 and ARG131 of IL-2Rβ might be the key to improve the affinity of binder. Our efforts provided new insights in developing of IL-2R blocker, offering a potential strategy for ameliorating the side effects of IL-2 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Banbin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xinyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Lin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Zhizheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Meng Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, PR China
| | - Zigong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Jiangxia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, School of life sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China.
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Li D, Liang T, Hutchins LE, Wolfarth AA, Ferrando-Martinez S, Lee BH, Ho M. rhIL-7-hyFc, a long-acting interleukin-7, improves efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008989. [PMID: 39043602 PMCID: PMC11268061 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2024-008989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has achieved remarkable remission in patients with B-cell malignancies. However, its efficacy in treating solid tumors remains limited. Here, we investigated a combination therapy approach using an engineered long-acting interleukin (IL)-7 (rhIL-7-hyFc or NT-I7) and CAR-T cells targeting three antigens, glypican-2 (GPC2), glypican-3 (GPC3), and mesothelin (MSLN), against multiple solid tumor types including liver cancer, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer in mice. METHODS CAR-T cells targeting GPC2, GPC3, and MSLN were used in combination with NT-I7 to assess the anticancer activity. Xenograft tumor models, including the liver cancer orthotopic model, were established using NOD scid gamma mice engrafted with cell lines derived from hepatocellular carcinoma, neuroblastoma, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic cancer. The mice were monitored by bioluminescence in vivo tumor imaging and tumor volume measurement using a caliper. Immunophenotyping of CAR-T cells on NT-I7 stimulation was evaluated for memory markers, exhaust markers, and T-cell signaling molecules by flow cytometry and western blotting. RESULTS Compared with the IL-2 combination, preclinical evaluation of NT-I7 exhibited regression of solid tumors via enhanced occupancy of CD4+ CAR-T, improved T-cell expansion, reduced exhaustion markers (programmed cell death protein 1 or PD-1 and lymphocyte-activation gene 3 or LAG-3) expression, and increased generation of stem cell-like memory CAR-T cells. The STAT5 pathway was demonstrated to be downstream of NT-I7 signaling, mediated by increased expression of the IL-7 receptor expression in CAR-T cells. Furthermore, CAR-T cells improved efficacy against tumors with low antigen density when combined with NT-I7 in mice, presenting an avenue for patients with heterogeneous antigenic profiles. CONCLUSION This study provides a rationale for NT-I7 plus CAR-T cell combination therapy for solid tumors in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mitchell Ho
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Kaushik A, Chang I, Han X, He Z, Komlosi ZI, Ji X, Cao S, Akdis CA, Boyd S, Pulendran B, Maecker HT, Davis MM, Chinthrajah RS, DeKruyff RH, Nadeau KC. Single cell multi-omic analysis identifies key genes differentially expressed in innate lymphoid cells from COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1374828. [PMID: 39026668 PMCID: PMC11255397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1374828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are enriched at mucosal surfaces where they respond rapidly to environmental stimuli and contribute to both tissue inflammation and healing. Methods To gain insight into the role of ILCs in the pathology and recovery from COVID-19 infection, we employed a multi-omics approach consisting of Abseq and targeted mRNA sequencing to respectively probe the surface marker expression, transcriptional profile and heterogeneity of ILCs in peripheral blood of patients with COVID-19 compared with healthy controls. Results We found that the frequency of ILC1 and ILC2 cells was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, all ILC subsets displayed a significantly higher frequency of CD69-expressing cells, indicating a heightened state of activation. ILC2s from COVID-19 patients had the highest number of significantly differentially expressed (DE) genes. The most notable genes DE in COVID-19 vs healthy participants included a) genes associated with responses to virus infections and b) genes that support ILC self-proliferation, activation and homeostasis. In addition, differential gene regulatory network analysis revealed ILC-specific regulons and their interactions driving the differential gene expression in each ILC. Discussion Overall, this study provides mechanistic insights into the characteristics of ILC subsets activated during COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinav Kaushik
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Iris Chang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Ziyuan He
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Zsolt I. Komlosi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xuhuai Ji
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Institute for Immunity, Transplantation, and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shu Cao
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Cezmi A. Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Scott Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Holden T. Maecker
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - R. Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rosemarie H. DeKruyff
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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Yang L, Liang Y, Pu J, Cai L, Gao R, Han F, Chang K, Pan S, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Song J, Wu H, Tang J, Wang X. Dysregulated serum lipid profile is associated with inflammation and disease activity in primary Sjögren's syndrome: a retrospective study in China. Immunol Lett 2024; 267:106865. [PMID: 38705483 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between the lipid profiles of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and other clinical characteristics, laboratory examination, disease activity, and inflammatory factors. In addition, the risk factors for hyperlipidemia-related complications of pSS and the effect of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) usage on the lipid profile were incorporated into this study. METHODS This is a single-center, retrospective study that included 367 patients who were diagnosed with pSS at Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, China from January 2010 to March 2022. Initially, demographic information, clinical characteristics, medication records, and complications of the patients were gathered. A case-control analysis compared the 12 systems involvement (ESSDAI domain), clinical symptoms, and laboratory tests between pSS patients with and without dyslipidemia. A simple linear regression model was employed to investigate the relationship between serum lipid profile and inflammatory factors. Logistics regression analysis was performed to assess variables for hyperlipidemia-related complications of pSS. The paired t-test was then used to evaluate the improvement in lipid profile among pSS patients. RESULTS 48.7 % of all pSS patients had dyslipidemia, and alterations in lipid levels were related to gender, age, and smoking status but not body mass index (BMI). Dyslipidemia is more prevalent in pSS patients who exhibit heightened autoimmunity and elevated levels of inflammation. Higher concentrations of multiple highly inflammatory factors correlate with a more severe form of dyslipidemia. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors may contribute to hyperlipidemia-related complications of pSS, such as increased, low complement 3 (C3) and low C4. According to our study, HCQ usage may protect against lipid-related disease in pSS. CONCLUSION Attention should be paid to the dyslipidemia of pSS. This research aims to clarify the population portrait of pSS patients with abnormal lipid profiles and provides insights into the correlation between metabolism and inflammation in individuals with pSS and the potential role they play in the advancement of the disease. These findings provide novel avenues for further understanding the underlying mechanisms of pSS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufei Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jincheng Pu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Science and Research, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Ronglin Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Keni Chang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Shengnan Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Youwei Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jiamin Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Huihong Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China
| | - Jianping Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China..
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200065, China..
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Liongue C, Ratnayake T, Basheer F, Ward AC. Janus Kinase 3 (JAK3): A Critical Conserved Node in Immunity Disrupted in Immune Cell Cancer and Immunodeficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2977. [PMID: 38474223 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) family is a small group of protein tyrosine kinases that represent a central component of intracellular signaling downstream from a myriad of cytokine receptors. The JAK3 family member performs a particularly important role in facilitating signal transduction for a key set of cytokine receptors that are essential for immune cell development and function. Mutations that impact JAK3 activity have been identified in a number of human diseases, including somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations associated with immune cell malignancies and germline loss-of-function (LOF) mutations associated with immunodeficiency. The structure, function and impacts of both GOF and LOF mutations of JAK3 are highly conserved, making animal models highly informative. This review details the biology of JAK3 and the impact of its perturbation in immune cell-related diseases, including relevant animal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | | | - Faiza Basheer
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Li J, Meng Z, Cao Z, Lu W, Yang Y, Li Z, Lu S. ADGRE5-centered Tsurv model in T cells recognizes responders to neoadjuvant cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1304183. [PMID: 38343549 PMCID: PMC10853338 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1304183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neoadjuvant immunotherapy with anti-programmed death-1 (neo-antiPD1) has revolutionized perioperative methods for improvement of overall survival (OS), while approaches for major pathologic response patients' (MPR) recognition along with methods for overcoming non-MPR resistance are still in urgent need. Methods We utilized and integrated publicly-available immune checkpoint inhibitors regimens (ICIs) single-cell (sc) data as the discovery datasets, and innovatively developed a cell-communication analysis pipeline, along with a VIPER-based-SCENIC process, to thoroughly dissect MPR-responding subsets. Besides, we further employed our own non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ICIs cohort's sc data for validation in-silico. Afterward, we resorted to ICIs-resistant murine models developed by us with multimodal investigation, including bulk-RNA-sequencing, Chip-sequencing and high-dimensional cytometry by time of flight (CYTOF) to consolidate our findings in-vivo. To comprehensively explore mechanisms, we adopted 3D ex-vivo hydrogel models for analysis. Furthermore, we constructed an ADGRE5-centered Tsurv model from our discovery dataset by machine learning (ML) algorithms for a wide range of tumor types (NSCLC, melanoma, urothelial cancer, etc.) and verified it in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) sc datasets. Results Through a meta-analysis of multimodal sequential sc sequencing data from pre-ICIs and post-ICIs, we identified an MPR-expanding T cells meta-cluster (MPR-E) in the tumor microenvironment (TME), characterized by a stem-like CD8+ T cluster (survT) with STAT5-ADGRE5 axis enhancement compared to non-MPR or pre-ICIs TME. Through multi-omics analysis of murine TME, we further confirmed the existence of survT with silenced function and immune checkpoints (ICs) in MPR-E. After verification of the STAT5-ADGRE5 axis of survT in independent ICIs cohorts, an ADGRE5-centered Tsurv model was then developed through ML for identification of MPR patients pre-ICIs and post-ICIs, both in TME and PBMCs, which was further verified in pan-cancer immunotherapy cohorts. Mechanistically, we unveiled ICIs stimulated ADGRE5 upregulation in a STAT5-IL32 dependent manner in a 3D ex-vivo system (3D-HYGTIC) developed by us previously, which marked Tsurv with better survival flexibility, enhanced stemness and potential cytotoxicity within TME. Conclusion Our research provides insights into mechanisms underlying MPR in neo-antiPD1 and a well-performed model for the identification of non-MPR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ziming Li
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Shanghai Lung Cancer Center, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Laurenzana I, De Luca L, Zoppoli P, Calice G, Sgambato A, Carella AM, Caivano A, Trino S. DNA methylation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells from donor peripheral blood to patient bone marrow: implications for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4493-4510. [PMID: 37029309 PMCID: PMC10725404 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is a life-saving treatment for selected hematological malignancies. So far, it remains unclear whether transplanted hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) undergo epigenetic changes upon engraftment in recipient bone marrow (BM) after AHSCT and whether these changes might be useful in the transplant diagnostics. The purpose of this study was to characterize the whole genome methylation profile of HSPCs following AHSCT. Moreover, the relationship between the observed methylation signature and patient outcome was analyzed. Mobilized peripheral blood (mPB)-HSPCs from seven donors and BM-HSPCs longitudinally collected from transplanted patients with hematological malignancies up to one year from AHSCT (a total of twenty-eight samples) were analyzed using DNA methylation based-arrays. The obtained data showed that DNA methylation of mPB-HSPCs differs between young and adult donors and changes following HSPC engraftment in the BM of recipient patients. Looking at methylation in promoter regions, at 30 days post-AHSCT, BM-HSPCs showed a higher number of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) compared to those of mPB-HSPCs, with a prevalent hyper-methylation. These changes were maintained during all the analyzed time points, and methylation became like the donors after one year from transplant. Functional analysis of these DMGs showed an enrichment in cell adhesion, differentiation and cytokine (interleukin-2, -5 and -7) production and signaling pathways. Of note, DNA methylation analysis allowed to identify a potential "cancer/graft methylation signature" of transplant failure. It was evident in the latest available post-transplant BM-HSPC sample (at 160 days) and surprisingly already in early phase (at 30 days) in patients whose transplant was doomed to fail. Overall, the analysis of HSPC methylation profile could offer useful prognostic information to potentially assess engraftment success and predict graft failure in AHSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Laurenzana
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Luciana De Luca
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Pietro Zoppoli
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Health Biotechnology, Università di Napoli Federico II, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Calice
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sgambato
- Scientific Direction, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Michele Carella
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplant Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Antonella Caivano
- Unit of Clinical Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy.
| | - Stefania Trino
- Laboratory of Preclinical and Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico della Basilicata (IRCCS CROB), Rionero in Vulture, Italy
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Tan SX, Chong S, Rowe C, Claeson M, Dight J, Zhou C, Rodero MP, Malt M, Smithers BM, Green AC, Khosrotehrani K. pSTAT5 is associated with improved survival in patients with thick or ulcerated primary cutaneous melanoma. Melanoma Res 2023; 33:506-513. [PMID: 37890182 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Identifying prognostic biomarkers to predict clinical outcomes in stage I and II cutaneous melanomas could guide the clinical application of adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5) as a biomarker in early-stage melanoma. This study evaluated all initially staged Ib and II melanoma patients undergoing sentinel node biopsy at a tertiary centre in Brisbane, Australia between 1994 and 2007, with survival data collected from the Queensland Cancer Registry. Primary melanoma tissue from 189 patients was analysed for pSTAT5 level through immunohistochemistry. Cox regression modelling, with adjustment for sex, age, ulceration, anatomical location, and Breslow depth, was applied to determine the association between pSTAT5 detection and melanoma-specific survival. Median duration of follow-up was 7.4 years. High pSTAT5 detection was associated with ulceration and increased tumour thickness. However, multivariate analysis indicated that high pSTAT5 detection was associated with improved melanoma-specific survival (hazard ratio: 0.15, 95% confidence interval: 0.03-0.67) as compared to low pSTAT5 detection. This association persisted when pSTAT5 detection was limited to immune infiltrate or the vasculature, as well as when sentinel node positivity was accounted for. In this cohort, staining for high-pSTAT5 tumours identified a subset of melanoma patients with increased survival outcomes as compared to low-pSTAT5 tumours, despite the former having higher-risk clinicopathological characteristics at diagnosis. pSTAT5 is likely an indicator of local immune activation, and its detection could represent a useful tool to stratify the risk of melanoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel X Tan
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sharene Chong
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Casey Rowe
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Magdalena Claeson
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | - James Dight
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Chenhao Zhou
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Maryrose Malt
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
| | - B Mark Smithers
- Queensland Melanoma Project, University of Queensland, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adele C Green
- Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute and University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Wobma H, Janssen E. Expanding IPEX: Inborn Errors of Regulatory T Cells. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2023; 49:825-840. [PMID: 37821198 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for enforcing peripheral tolerance. Monogenic "Tregopathies" affecting Treg development, stability, and/or function commonly present with polyautoimmunity, atopic disease, and infection. While autoimmune manifestations may present in early childhood, as more disorders are characterized, conditions with later onset have been identified. Treg numbers in the blood may be decreased in Tregopathies, but this is not always the case, and genetic testing should be pursued when there is high clinical suspicion. Currently, hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative treatment, but gene therapies are in development, and small molecule inhibitors/biologics may also be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Wobma
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Erin Janssen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Michigan Medicine, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, 1500 East Medical Center Drive, SPC 5718, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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11
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Piber D, Olmstead R, Cho JH, Irwin MR. Disturbance of sleep maintenance, but not sleep duration, activates nuclear factor-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription family proteins in older adults: sex differences. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad130. [PMID: 37140651 PMCID: PMC10566249 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Disturbances of sleep maintenance and sleep duration are common in older adults and associated with an increased risk for age-related mortality and morbidity. Converging evidence implicates inflammation as an underlying mechanism, especially in females. However, it is unknown what specific aspects of sleep disturbance impact inflammatory mechanisms in older adults. METHODS Using data from community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Sleep Health and Aging Research (SHARE) field study (n = 262, mean age 71.9 ± 8.0 years), we conducted a secondary analysis to examine whether disturbance of sleep maintenance (i.e. greater amount of wake time after sleep onset [WASO]) and sleep duration (i.e. shorter total sleep time [TST]) assessed by sleep diary and actigraphy are associated with greater activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family proteins STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 in peripheral blood monocytic cells. In addition, moderation effects of sex were explored. RESULTS Data were available for sleep diary (n = 82), actigraphy (n = 74), and inflammatory signaling and transcriptional measures (n = 132). As assessed by sleep diary, greater amount of WASO (β = 0.39, p < 0.01), but not TST, was associated with higher levels of NF-κB. Whereas diary-assessed sleep measures were not associated with STAT family proteins, a moderation analysis revealed that greater diary-assessed WASO was associated with higher levels of STAT1 (p < 0.05), STAT3 (p < 0.05), and STAT5 (p < 0.01) in females, but not in males. Actigraphy-assessed sleep measures were not associated either with NF-κB or STAT activation. CONCLUSIONS In older adults, self-reported disturbance of sleep maintenance assessed by sleep diary was uniquely associated with higher levels of NF-κB, along with higher levels of STAT family proteins in females, but not in males. Our data suggest that improvingself-reported sleep maintenance might mitigate age-related increases in inflammatory signaling and transcriptional pathways, possibly more strongly in females, with the potential to reduce mortality risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Piber
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, BIH Charité Clinician Scientist Program Berlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Olmstead
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua H Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael R Irwin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Tuazon JA, Read KA, Sreekumar BK, Roettger JE, Yaeger MJ, Varikuti S, Pokhrel S, Jones DM, Warren RT, Powell MD, Rasheed MN, Duncan EG, Childs LM, Gowdy KM, Oestreich KJ. Eos Promotes TH2 Differentiation by Interacting with and Propagating the Activity of STAT5. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:365-376. [PMID: 37314436 PMCID: PMC10524986 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The Ikaros zinc-finger transcription factor Eos has largely been associated with sustaining the immunosuppressive functions of regulatory T cells. Paradoxically, Eos has more recently been implicated in promoting proinflammatory responses in the dysregulated setting of autoimmunity. However, the precise role of Eos in regulating the differentiation and function of effector CD4+ T cell subsets remains unclear. In this study, we find that Eos is a positive regulator of the differentiation of murine CD4+ TH2 cells, an effector population that has been implicated in both immunity against helminthic parasites and the induction of allergic asthma. Using murine in vitro TH2 polarization and an in vivo house dust mite asthma model, we find that EosKO T cells exhibit reduced expression of key TH2 transcription factors, effector cytokines, and cytokine receptors. Mechanistically, we find that the IL-2/STAT5 axis and its downstream TH2 gene targets are one of the most significantly downregulated pathways in Eos-deficient cells. Consistent with these observations, we find that Eos forms, to our knowledge, a novel complex with and supports the tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT5. Collectively, these data define a regulatory mechanism whereby Eos propagates STAT5 activity to facilitate TH2 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine A. Tuazon
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | - Kaitlin A. Read
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | | | - Jack E. Roettger
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | - Michael J. Yaeger
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Sanjay Varikuti
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Srijana Pokhrel
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Devin M. Jones
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, 43210; USA
| | - Robert T. Warren
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Michael D. Powell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology; Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322; USA
| | - Mustafa N. Rasheed
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Emory University Medical Center, Atlanta, GA, 30322; USA
| | | | - Lauren M. Childs
- Department of Mathematics; Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061; USA
| | - Kymberly M. Gowdy
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
| | - Kenneth J. Oestreich
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology; The Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
- Infectious Diseases Institute; The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, 43210; USA
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13
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Faida P, Attiogbe MKI, Majeed U, Zhao J, Qu L, Fan D. Lung cancer treatment potential and limits associated with the STAT family of transcription factors. Cell Signal 2023:110797. [PMID: 37423343 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the mortal cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a cancer survival rate of fewer than 5% in developing nations. This low survival rate can be linked to things like late-stage detection, quick postoperative recurrences in patients receiving therapy, and chemoresistance developing against various lung cancer treatments. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors are involved in lung cancer cell proliferation, metastasis, immunological control, and treatment resistance. By interacting with specific DNA sequences, STAT proteins trigger the production of particular genes, which in turn result in adaptive and incredibly specific biological responses. In the human genome, seven STAT proteins have been discovered (STAT1 to STAT6, including STAT5a and STAT5b). Many external signaling proteins can activate unphosphorylated STATs (uSTATs), which are found inactively in the cytoplasm. When STAT proteins are activated, they can increase the transcription of several target genes, which leads to unchecked cellular proliferation, anti-apoptotic reactions, and angiogenesis. The effects of STAT transcription factors on lung cancer are variable; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic, while others maintain dual, context-dependent activities. Here, we give a succinct summary of the various functions that each member of the STAT family plays in lung cancer and go into more detail about the advantages and disadvantages of pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paison Faida
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Mawusse K I Attiogbe
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China
| | - Usman Majeed
- College of Food Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Linlin Qu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials and Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China; Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Taibai North Road 229, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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14
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Bhatnagar P, Bajpai P, Shrinet J, Kaja MK, Chandele A, Sitaraman R. Prediction of human protein interactome of dengue virus non-structural protein 5 (NS5) and its downstream immunological implications. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:180. [PMID: 37193327 PMCID: PMC10182223 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03569-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-structural protein 5 (NS5) is the most conserved protein among flaviviruses, a family that includes the dengue virus. It functions both as an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and an RNA-methyltransferase and is therefore essential for the replication of viral RNA. The discovery that dengue virus NS5 protein (DENV-NS5) can also localize to the nucleus has resulted in renewed interest in its potential roles at the host-virus interface. In this study, we have used two complementary computational approaches in parallel - one based on linear motifs (ELM) and another based on tertiary structure of the protein (DALI) - to predict the host proteins that DENV-NS5 might interact with. Of the 42 human proteins predicted by both these methods, 34 are novel. Pathway analysis of these 42 human proteins shows that they are involved in key host cellular processes related to cell cycle regulation, proliferation, protein degradation, apoptosis, and immune responses. A focused analysis of transcription factors that directly interact with the predicted DENV-NS5 interacting proteins was performed, followed by the identification of downstream genes that are differentially expressed after dengue infection using previously published RNA-seq data. Our study provides unique insights into the DENV-NS5 interaction network and delineates mechanisms whereby DENV-NS5 could impact the host-virus interface. The novel interactors identified in this study could be potentially targeted by NS5 to modulate the host cellular environment in general, and the immune response in particular, thereby extending the role of DENV-NS5 beyond its known enzymatic functions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03569-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Bhatnagar
- Department of Biotechnology, TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Bajpai
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
| | - Jatin Shrinet
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA
| | - Murali Krishna Kaja
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics and Emory Vaccine Centre, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Centre, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), New Delhi, India
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15
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Valle-Mendiola A, Gutiérrez-Hoya A, Soto-Cruz I. JAK/STAT Signaling and Cervical Cancer: From the Cell Surface to the Nucleus. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1141. [PMID: 37372319 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway constitutes a rapid signaling module from the cell surface to the nucleus, and activates different cellular responses, such as proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and inflammation. When the JAK/STAT pathway is altered, it contributes to cancer progression and metastasis. STAT proteins play a central role in developing cervical cancer, and inhibiting the JAK/STAT signaling may be necessary to induce tumor cell death. Several cancers show continuous activation of different STATs, including cervical cancer. The constitutive activation of STAT proteins is associated with a poor prognosis and overall survival. The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins E6 and E7 play an essential role in cervical cancer progression, and they activate the JAK/STAT pathway and other signals that induce proliferation, survival, and migration of cancer cells. Moreover, there is a crosstalk between the JAK/STAT signaling cascade with other signaling pathways, where a plethora of different proteins activate to induce gene transcription and cell responses that contribute to tumor growth. Therefore, inhibition of the JAK/STAT pathway shows promise as a new target in cancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of the JAK/STAT pathway components and the role of the HPV oncoproteins associated with cellular malignancy through the JAK/STAT proteins and other signaling pathways to induce tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Valle-Mendiola
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Adriana Gutiérrez-Hoya
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
- Cátedra CONACYT, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
| | - Isabel Soto-Cruz
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Cell Differentiation and Cancer Research Unit, FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Batalla 5 de Mayo s/n, Colonia Ejército de Oriente, Mexico City 09230, Mexico
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16
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Xue C, Yao Q, Gu X, Shi Q, Yuan X, Chu Q, Bao Z, Lu J, Li L. Evolving cognition of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway: autoimmune disorders and cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:204. [PMID: 37208335 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01468-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction that enables cells to communicate with the exterior environment. Various cytokines, interferons, growth factors, and other specific molecules activate JAK-STAT signaling to drive a series of physiological and pathological processes, including proliferation, metabolism, immune response, inflammation, and malignancy. Dysregulated JAK-STAT signaling and related genetic mutations are strongly associated with immune activation and cancer progression. Insights into the structures and functions of the JAK-STAT pathway have led to the development and approval of diverse drugs for the clinical treatment of diseases. Currently, drugs have been developed to mainly target the JAK-STAT pathway and are commonly divided into three subtypes: cytokine or receptor antibodies, JAK inhibitors, and STAT inhibitors. And novel agents also continue to be developed and tested in preclinical and clinical studies. The effectiveness and safety of each kind of drug also warrant further scientific trials before put into being clinical applications. Here, we review the current understanding of the fundamental composition and function of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway. We also discuss advancements in the understanding of JAK-STAT-related pathogenic mechanisms; targeted JAK-STAT therapies for various diseases, especially immune disorders, and cancers; newly developed JAK inhibitors; and current challenges and directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qinfan Yao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingfei Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhengyi Bao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Crouse B, Baehr C, Hicks D, Pravetoni M. IL-4 Predicts the Efficacy of a Candidate Antioxycodone Vaccine and Alters Vaccine-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cell Proliferation in Mice. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1272-1280. [PMID: 36939374 PMCID: PMC11321710 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
Opioid use disorders (OUDs) are a public health concern in the United States and worldwide. Current medications for OUDs may trigger side effects and are often heavily regulated. A novel treatment strategy to be used alone or in combination with existing medications is active immunization with antiopioid vaccines, which stimulate production of opioid-specific Abs that bind to the target drug and prevent its distribution to the brain. Although antiopioid vaccines have shown promising preclinical efficacy, prior clinical evaluations of vaccines targeting stimulants indicate that efficacy is limited to a subset of subjects who achieve optimal Ab responses. We have previously reported that depletion of IL-4 with a mAb increased opioid-specific IgG2a and total IgG, and it increased the number of germinal centers and germinal center T follicular helper cells in response to antiopioid vaccines via type I IL-4 signaling. The current study further investigates the mechanisms associated with IL-4-mediated increases in efficacy and whether IL-4 depletion affects specific processes involved in germinal center formation, including affinity maturation, class switching, and plasma cell differentiation in mice. Additionally, results demonstrate that preimmunization production of IL-4 after ex vivo whole blood stimulation predicted in vivo vaccine-induced Ab titers in outbred mice. Such mechanistic studies are critical for rational design of next-generation vaccine formulations, and they support the use of IL-4 as a predictive biomarker in ongoing OUD vaccine clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Crouse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- School of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN
| | - Carly Baehr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Dustin Hicks
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
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18
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Standing D, Feess E, Kodiyalam S, Kuehn M, Hamel Z, Johnson J, Thomas SM, Anant S. The Role of STATs in Ovarian Cancer: Exploring Their Potential for Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092485. [PMID: 37173951 PMCID: PMC10177275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is a deadly gynecologic malignancy that presents many clinical challenges due to late-stage diagnoses and the development of acquired resistance to standard-of-care treatment protocols. There is an increasing body of evidence suggesting that STATs may play a critical role in OvCa progression, resistance, and disease recurrence, and thus we sought to compile a comprehensive review to summarize the current state of knowledge on the topic. We have examined peer reviewed literature to delineate the role of STATs in both cancer cells and cells within the tumor microenvironment. In addition to summarizing the current knowledge of STAT biology in OvCa, we have also examined the capacity of small molecule inhibitor development to target specific STATs and progress toward clinical applications. From our research, the best studied and targeted factors are STAT3 and STAT5, which has resulted in the development of several inhibitors that are under current evaluation in clinical trials. There remain gaps in understanding the role of STAT1, STAT2, STAT4, and STAT6, due to limited reports in the current literature; as such, further studies to establish their implications in OvCa are necessitated. Moreover, due to the deficiency in our understanding of these STATs, selective inhibitors also remain elusive, and therefore present opportunities for discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Standing
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Emma Feess
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Satvik Kodiyalam
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Michael Kuehn
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Zachary Hamel
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Jaimie Johnson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
| | - Sufi Mary Thomas
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66103, USA
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19
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Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
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20
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Cao L, Ma X, Zhang J, Yang M, He Z, Yang C, Li S, Rong P, Wang W. CD27-Expressing Xenoantigen-Expanded Human Regulatory T Cells Are Efficient in Suppressing Xenogeneic Immune Response. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897221149444. [PMID: 36644879 PMCID: PMC9846302 DOI: 10.1177/09636897221149444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinically, xenotransplantation often leads to T-cell-mediated graft rejection. Immunosuppressive agents including polyclonal regulatory T cells (poly-Tregs) promote global immunosuppression, resulting in serious infections and malignancies in patients. Xenoantigen-expanded Tregs (xeno-Tregs) have become a promising immune therapy strategy to protect xenografts with fewer side effects. In this study, we aimed to identify an efficient and stable subset of xeno-Tregs. We enriched CD27+ xeno-Tregs using cell sorting and evaluated their suppressive functions and stability in vitro via mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), real-time polymerase chain reaction, inflammatory induction assay, and Western blotting. A STAT5 inhibitor was used to investigate the relationship between the function and stability of CD27+ xeno-Tregs and the JAK3-STAT5 signaling pathway. A humanized xenotransplanted mouse model was used to evaluate the function of CD27+ xeno-Tregs in vivo. Our results show that CD27+ xeno-Tregs express higher levels of Foxp3, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4), and Helios and lower levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) than their CD27- counterparts. In addition, CD27+ xeno-Tregs showed enhanced suppressive function in xeno-MLR at ratios of 1:4 and 1:16 of Tregs:responder cells. Under inflammatory conditions, a lower percentage of CD27+ xeno-Tregs secretes IL-17 and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). CD27+ xeno-Tregs demonstrated an upregulated JAK3-STAT5 pathway compared with that of CD27- xeno-Tregs and showed decreased Foxp3, Helios, and CTLA4 expression after addition of STAT5 inhibitor. Mice that received porcine skin grafts showed a normal tissue phenotype and less leukocyte infiltration after reconstitution with CD27+ xeno-Tregs. Taken together, these data indicate that CD27+ xeno-Tregs may suppress immune responses in a xenoantigen-specific manner, which might be related to the activation of the JAK3-STAT5 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Cao
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoqian Ma
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Yang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenhu He
- Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cejun Yang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sang Li
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China
| | - Pengfei Rong
- Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Wang
- The Institute for Cell Transplantation
and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha,
China,Department of Radiology, The Third
XiangYa Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China,Wei Wang, The Institute for Cell
Transplantation and Gene Therapy, The Third XiangYa Hospital, Central South
University, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
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21
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Chen X, Li Y, Bao X, Zhang E, Cui C, Liu X, Luo Q, Yang J, Li Z, Xu X. Transcriptome profiling based on protein-protein networks provides a core set of genes for understanding blood immune response mechanisms against LPS stress in Amphioctopus fangsiao. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104509. [PMID: 35963309 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are significant pathogens in the ocean, posing serious threats to marine organisms. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a characteristic chemical constituent in Gram-negative bacteria that can be recognized by the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) of immune cells. This system is often used to simulate the invasion of bacteria. Blood is a transport channel for immune cells, and its transcriptome information obtained from Amphioctopus fangsiao stimulated by LPS is essential for understanding the antibacterial biological mechanisms of this species. In this study, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of A. fangsiao blood within 24h under LPS stress and found 778 and 561 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 6 and 24h, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional enrichment analyses were performed to search for immune-related DEGs. The relationships among immune genes were examined by constructing a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Finally, 16 hub genes were identified based on the PPI network and KEGG enrichment analysis. The expression profiles of these genes were verified using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). This research provides valuable resources for the healthy culture of A. fangsiao and helps us understand the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipan Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Enshuo Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Cuiju Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Qihao Luo
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai, 264004, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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22
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Wong GL, Manore SG, Doheny DL, Lo HW. STAT family of transcription factors in breast cancer: Pathogenesis and therapeutic opportunities and challenges. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:84-106. [PMID: 35995341 PMCID: PMC9714692 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and second-leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) promote metastasis and therapeutic resistance contributing to tumor relapse. Through activating genes important for BCSCs, transcription factors contribute to breast cancer metastasis and therapeutic resistance, including the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) family of transcription factors. The STAT family consists of six major isoforms, STAT1, STAT2, STAT3, STAT4, STAT5, and STAT6. Canonical STAT signaling is activated by the binding of an extracellular ligand to a cell-surface receptor followed by STAT phosphorylation, leading to STAT nuclear translocation and transactivation of target genes. It is important to note that STAT transcription factors exhibit diverse effects in breast cancer; some are either pro- or anti-tumorigenic while others maintain dual, context-dependent roles. Among the STAT transcription factors, STAT3 is the most widely studied STAT protein in breast cancer for its critical roles in promoting BCSCs, breast cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, metastasis, and immune evasion. Consequently, there have been substantial efforts in developing cancer therapeutics to target breast cancer with dysregulated STAT3 signaling. In this comprehensive review, we will summarize the diverse roles that each STAT family member plays in breast cancer pathobiology, as well as, the opportunities and challenges in pharmacologically targeting STAT proteins and their upstream activators in the context of breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace L Wong
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Sara G Manore
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Daniel L Doheny
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hui-Wen Lo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Breast Cancer Center of Excellence, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA; Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
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23
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Identification of Specific Cervical Cancer Subtypes and Prognostic Gene Sets in Tumor and Nontumor Tissues Based on GSVA Analysis. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6951885. [PMID: 36284631 PMCID: PMC9588340 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6951885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer is the fourth common cancer among women. Its prognosis needs our more attention. Our purpose was to identity new prognostic gene sets to help other researchers develop more effective treatment for cervical cancer patients and improve the prognosis of patients. Methods We used gene set variation analysis (GSVA) to calculate the enrichment scores of gene sets and identified three subtypes of cervical cancer through the Cox regression model, k-means clustering algorithm, and nonnegative matrix factorization method (NMF). Chi-square test was utilized to test whether a certain clinical characteristic is different among divided subtypes. We further screened the prognostic gene sets using differential analysis, univariate Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were used to analyze which pathways and function the genes from screened gene sets enriched. Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) was used to draw the protein-protein interaction network, and Cytoscape was used to visualize the hub genes of protein-protein interaction network. Results We identified three novel subtypes of cervical cancer in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) samples and validated in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) samples. There were significant variations between the three subtypes in histological type, T stage, M stage, and N stage. T_GSE36888_UNTREATED_VS_IL2_TREATED_STAT5_AB_KNOCKIN_TCELL_2H_UP and N_HALLMARK_ANGIOGENESIS were screened prognostic gene sets. The prognostic model was as follows: riskScore = T_GSE36888_UNTREATED_VS_IL2_TREATED_STAT5_AB_KNOCKIN_TCELL_2H_UP∗ 2.617 + N_HALLMARK_ANGIOGENESIS∗ 4.860. Survival analysis presented that in these two gene sets, high enrichment scores were all significantly related to worse overall survival. The hub genes from T gene set included CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL8, ALDOA, TALDO1, LDHA, CCL4, FCAR, FCER1G, SAMSN1, LILRB1, SH3PXD2B, PPM1N, PKM, and FKBP4. As for N gene sets, the hub genes included ITGAV, PTK2, SPP1, THBD, and APOH. Conclusions Three novel subtypes and two prognostic gene sets were identified. 15 hub genes for T gene set and 5 hub genes for N gene set were discovered. Based on these findings, we can develop more and more effective treatments for cervical cancer patients. Based on the gene enriched pathways, we can development specific drugs targeting the pathways.
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24
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Pelham SJ, Caldirola MS, Avery DT, Mackie J, Rao G, Gothe F, Peters TJ, Guerin A, Neumann D, Vokurkova D, Hwa V, Zhang W, Lyu SC, Chang I, Manohar M, Nadeau KC, Gaillard MI, Bezrodnik L, Iotova V, Zwirner NW, Gutierrez M, Al-Herz W, Goodnow CC, Vargas-Hernández A, Forbes Satter LR, Hambleton S, Deenick EK, Ma CS, Tangye SG. STAT5B restrains human B-cell differentiation to maintain humoral immune homeostasis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:931-946. [PMID: 35469842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lymphocyte differentiation is regulated by coordinated actions of cytokines and signaling pathways. IL-21 activates STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 and is fundamental for the differentiation of human B cells into memory cells and antibody-secreting cells. While STAT1 is largely nonessential and STAT3 is critical for this process, the role of STAT5 is unknown. OBJECTIVES This study sought to delineate unique roles of STAT5 in activation and differentiation of human naive and memory B cells. METHODS STAT activation was assessed by phospho-flow cytometry cell sorting. Differential gene expression was determined by RNA-sequencing and quantitative PCR. The requirement for STAT5B in B-cell and CD4+ T-cell differentiation was assessed using CRISPR-mediated STAT5B deletion from B-cell lines and investigating primary lymphocytes from individuals with germline STAT5B mutations. RESULTS IL-21 activated STAT5 and strongly induced SOCS3 in human naive, but not memory, B cells. Deletion of STAT5B in B-cell lines diminished IL-21-mediated SOCS3 induction. PBMCs from STAT5B-null individuals contained expanded populations of immunoglobulin class-switched B cells, CD21loTbet+ B cells, and follicular T helper cells. IL-21 induced greater differentiation of STAT5B-deficient B cells into plasmablasts in vitro than B cells from healthy donors, correlating with higher expression levels of transcription factors promoting plasma cell formation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal novel roles for STAT5B in regulating IL-21-induced human B-cell differentiation. This is achieved by inducing SOCS3 to attenuate IL-21 signaling, and BCL6 to repress class switching and plasma cell generation. Thus, STAT5B is critical for restraining IL-21-mediated B-cell differentiation. These findings provide insights into mechanisms underpinning B-cell responses during primary and subsequent antigen encounter and explain autoimmunity and dysfunctional humoral immunity in STAT5B deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J Pelham
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Maria Soledad Caldirola
- Grupo de Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas, Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Joseph Mackie
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Geetha Rao
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Florian Gothe
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Pediatrics, Dr von Hauner Children's Hospital, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Timothy J Peters
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antoine Guerin
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Neumann
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Doris Vokurkova
- Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wenming Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Shu-Chen Lyu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, Calif
| | - Iris Chang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif; Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, Calif
| | - Monali Manohar
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford, Calif; Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif
| | - Maria Isabel Gaillard
- Grupo de Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas, Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez," Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Bezrodnik
- Grupo de Inmunología, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas, Hospital de Niños "Dr. Ricardo Gutierrez," Buenos Aires, Argentina; Center for Clinical Immunology, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University-Varna, Varna, Bulgaria; Pediatric Endocrinology, University Hospital "St Marina," Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Norberto Walter Zwirner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental, Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mavel Gutierrez
- Rocky Mountain Hospital for Children/Presbyterian St Luke's Medical Center, Denver, Colo
| | - Waleed Al-Herz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Christopher C Goodnow
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Retrovirology, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Lisa R Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Tex; Department of Allergy, Immunology, and Retrovirology, William T. Shearer Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Tex
| | - Sophie Hambleton
- Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, National Health Service Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Elissa K Deenick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Cindy S Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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Dubois N, Berendsen S, Tan K, Schoysmans L, Spliet W, Seute T, Bours V, Robe PA. STAT5b is a marker of poor prognosis, rather than a therapeutic target in glioblastomas. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:124. [PMID: 36069226 PMCID: PMC9477105 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The copy number and mRNA expression of STAT5b were assessed in samples from the TCGA repository of glioblastomas (GBM). The activation of this transcription factor was analyzed on tissue microarrays comprising 392 WHO 2016 GBM samples from our clinical practice. These data were correlated with patient survival using multivariable Cox analysis and, for a subset of 167 tumors, with signs of tumor invasiveness on the MRI. The effects of STAT5b knockdown by siRNA were assessed on the growth, therapeutic resistance, invasion and migration of GBM cell lines U87, U87-EGFRVIII and LN18 and primary cultures GM2 and GM3. The activation, but not the copy number or the mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factor STAT5b expression correlated inversely with patient survival independently of IDH1R132H status, age, Karnofsky Performance Score, treatment and tumor volume. STAT5b inhibition neither altered the cell proliferation nor reduced the clonogenic proliferative potency of GBM cells, and did not sensitize them to the cytotoxic effect of ionizing radiation and temozolomide in vitro. STAT5b inhibition significantly increased GBM cell migration, but decreased the invasion of some GBM cells in vitro. There was no correlation between the activation of STAT5b in clinical tumors and the extent of invasion on MRI OF patients. In conclusion, STAT5b is frequently activated in GBM and correlates inversely with patient survival. It does not contribute to the growth and resistance of these tumors, and is thus rather a potential prognostic marker than a therapeutic target in these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Dubois
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sharon Berendsen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Tan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurent Schoysmans
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Wim Spliet
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tatjana Seute
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bours
- Human Genetics Laboratory, GIGA‑Cancer Center, University of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Pierre A Robe
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and The T&P Bohnenn Laboratory for Neuro‑Oncology, University Medical Center of Utrecht, 3584CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Lensing M, Jabbari A. An overview of JAK/STAT pathways and JAK inhibition in alopecia areata. Front Immunol 2022; 13:955035. [PMID: 36110853 PMCID: PMC9470217 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.955035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alopecia Areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease characterized by non-scarring hair loss ranging from patches on the scalp to complete hair loss involving the entire body. Disease onset is hypothesized to follow the collapse of immune privilege of the hair follicle, which results in an increase in self-peptide/MHC expression along the follicular epithelium. Hair loss is associated with infiltration of the hair follicle with putatively self-reactive T cells. This process is thought to skew the hair follicle microenvironment away from a typically homeostatic immune state towards one of active inflammation. This imbalance is mediated in part by the dominating presence of specific cytokines. While interferon-γ (IFNγ) has been identified as the key player in AA pathogenesis, many other cytokines have also been shown to play pivotal roles. Mechanistic studies in animal models have highlighted the contribution of common gamma chain (γc) cytokines such as IL-2, IL-7, and IL-15 in augmenting disease. IFNγ and γc cytokines signal through pathways involving receptor activation of Janus kinases (JAKs) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). Based on these findings, JAK/STAT pathways have been targeted for the purposes of therapeutic intervention in the clinical setting. Case reports and series have described use of small molecule JAK inhibitors leading to hair regrowth among AA patients. Furthermore, emerging clinical trial results show great promise and position JAK inhibitors as a treatment strategy for patients with severe or recalcitrant disease. Demonstrated efficacy from large-scale clinical trials of the JAK inhibitor baricitinib led to the first-in-disease FDA-approved treatment for AA in June of 2022. This review aims to highlight the JAK/STAT signaling pathways of various cytokines involved in AA and how targeting those pathways may impact disease outcomes in both laboratory and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddison Lensing
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Ali Jabbari
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, United States
- *Correspondence: Ali Jabbari,
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27
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Sekaran SD, Liew ZM, Yam HC, Raju CS. The association between diabetes and obesity with Dengue infections. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2022; 14:101. [PMID: 35864519 PMCID: PMC9301891 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-022-00870-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue, an arboviral disease is a global threat to public health as the number of Dengue cases increases through the decades and this trend is predicted to continue. Non-communicable diseases such as diabetes and obesity are also on an upward trend. Moreover, past clinical studies have shown comorbidities worsen the clinical manifestation of especially Severe Dengue. However, discussion regarding the underlying mechanisms regarding the association between these comorbidities and dengue are lacking. The hallmark of Severe Dengue is plasma leakage which is due to several factors including presence of pro-inflammatory cytokines and dysregulation of endothelial barrier protein expression. The key factors of diabetes affecting endothelial functions are Th1 skewed responses and junctional-related proteins expression. Additionally, obesity alters the lipid metabolism and immune response causing increased viral replication and inflammation. The similarity between diabetes and obesity individuals is in having chronic inflammation resulting in endothelial dysfunction. This review outlines the roles of diabetes and obesity in severe dengue and gives some insights into the plausible mechanisms of comorbidities in Severe Dengue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Sekaran
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University Springhill Campus, Port Dickson, 70100, Negri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Z M Liew
- Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - H C Yam
- Faculty of Applied Science, UCSI University Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, 56000, Malaysia
| | - C S Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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28
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Aswad M, Hamza H, Pechkovsky A, Zikrach A, Popov T, Zohar Y, Shahar E, Louria-Hayon I. High-CBD Extract (CBD-X) Downregulates Cytokine Storm Systemically and Locally in Inflamed Lungs. Front Immunol 2022; 13:875546. [PMID: 35651623 PMCID: PMC9149302 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.875546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokine storm refers to the dysregulated production of inflammatory mediators leading to hyperinflammation. They are often detrimental, and worsen the severity of COVID-19 and other infectious or inflammatory diseases. Cannabinoids are known to have anti-inflammatory effects but their possible therapeutic value on cytokine storms has not been fully elucidated. In vivo and ex vivo studies were carried out to investigate the effects of high-THC and high-CBD extracts on cytokine production in immune cells. Significant differences between the extracts were observed. Subsequent experiments focusing on a specific high CBD extract (CBD-X) showed significant reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines in human-derived PBMCs, neutrophils and T cells. In vivo mouse studies, using a systemically inflamed mouse model, showed reductions in pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-1β and a concurrent increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in response to CBD-X extract treatment. Lung inflammation, as in severe COVID-19 disease, is characterized by increased T-cell homing to the lungs. Our investigation revealed that CBD-X extract impaired T-cell migration induced by the chemoattractant SDF1. In addition, the phosphorylation levels of T cell receptor (TCR) signaling proteins Lck and Zap70 were significantly reduced, demonstrating an inhibitory effect on the early events downstream to TCR activation. In a lung inflamed mouse model, we observed a reduction in leukocytes including neutrophil migration to the lungs and decreased levels of IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6 and TNFα, in response to the administration of the high-CBD extract. The results presented in this work offer that certain high-CBD extract has a high potential in the management of pathological conditions, in which the secretion of cytokines is dysregulated, as it is in severe COVID-19 disease or other infectious or inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Aswad
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Haya Hamza
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Antonina Pechkovsky
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Anastasiia Zikrach
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tania Popov
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yaniv Zohar
- Pathology Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Eduardo Shahar
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Igal Louria-Hayon
- Medical Cannabis Research and Innovation Center, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel.,Clinical Research Institute at Rambam (CRIR), Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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29
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In vivo impact of JAK3 A573V mutation revealed using zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:322. [PMID: 35622134 PMCID: PMC9142468 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) acts downstream of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor family to play a pivotal role in the regulation of lymphoid cell development. Activating JAK3 mutations are associated with a number of lymphoid and other malignancies, with mutations within the regulatory pseudokinase domain common. Methods The pseudokinase domain mutations A572V and A573V were separately introduced into the highly conserved zebrafish Jak3 and transiently expressed in cell lines and zebrafish embryos to examine their activity and impact on early T cells. Genome editing was subsequently used to introduce the A573V mutation into the zebrafish genome to study the effects of JAK3 activation on lymphoid cells in a physiologically relevant context throughout the life-course. Results Zebrafish Jak3 A573V produced the strongest activation of downstream STAT5 in vitro and elicited a significant increase in T cells in zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish carrying just a single copy of the Jak3 A573V allele displayed elevated embryonic T cells, which continued into adulthood. Hematopoietic precursors and NK cells were also increased, but not B cells. The lymphoproliferative effects of Jak3 A573V in embryos was shown to be dependent on zebrafish IL-2Rγc, JAK1 and STAT5B equivalents, and could be suppressed with the JAK3 inhibitor Tofacitinib. Conclusions This study demonstrates that a single JAK3 A573V allele expressed from the endogenous locus was able to enhance lymphopoiesis throughout the life-course, which was mediated via an IL-2Rγc/JAK1/JAK3/STAT5 signaling pathway and was sensitive to Tofacitinib. This extends our understanding of oncogenic JAK3 mutations and creates a novel model to underpin further translational investigations. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00018-022-04361-8.
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30
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Piper C, Hainstock E, Yin-Yuan C, Chen Y, Khatun A, Kasmani MY, Evans J, Miller JA, Gorski J, Cui W, Drobyski WR. Single-cell immune profiling reveals a developmentally distinct CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell lineage that induces GI tract GVHD. Blood Adv 2022; 6:2791-2804. [PMID: 35015822 PMCID: PMC9092418 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement is a major determinant for subsequent morbidity and mortality arising during graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). CD4+ T cells that produce granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) have emerged as central mediators of inflammation in this tissue site as GM-CSF serves as a critical cytokine link between the adaptive and innate arms of the immune system. However, cellular heterogeneity within the CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell population due to the concurrent production of other inflammatory cytokines has raised questions as to whether these cells have a common ontology or if a unique CD4+ GM-CSF+ subset exists that differs from other defined T helper subtypes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing analysis (scRNAseq), we identified two CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell populations that arose during GVHD and were distinguishable according to the presence or absence of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) coexpression. CD4+ GM-CSF+ IFN-γ- T cells, which emerged preferentially in the colon, had a distinct transcriptional profile, used unique gene regulatory networks, and possessed a nonoverlapping T-cell receptor repertoire compared with CD4+ GM-CSF+ IFN-γ+ T cells as well as all other transcriptionally defined CD4+ T-cell populations in the colon. Functionally, this CD4+ GM-CSF+ T-cell population contributed to pathologic damage in the GI tract that was critically dependent on signaling through the interleukin-17 (IL-7) receptor but was independent of type 1 interferon signaling. Thus, these studies help to unravel heterogeneity within CD4+ GM-CSF+ T cells that arise during GVHD and define a developmentally distinct colitogenic T helper subtype GM-CSF+ subset that mediates immunopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clint Piper
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Emma Hainstock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Cheng Yin-Yuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Achia Khatun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Moujtaba Y. Kasmani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | | | | | - Jack Gorski
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - Weiguo Cui
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI; and
| | - William R. Drobyski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
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31
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Qin Y, Gao C, Luo J. Metabolism Characteristics of Th17 and Regulatory T Cells in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:828191. [PMID: 35281063 PMCID: PMC8913504 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.828191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormal number and functional deficiency of immune cells are the pathological basis of various diseases. Recent years, the imbalance of Th17/regulatory T (Treg) cell underlies the occurrence and development of inflammation in autoimmune diseases (AID). Currently, studies have shown that material and energy metabolism is essential for maintaining cell survival and normal functions and the altered metabolic state of immune cells exists in a variety of AID. This review summarizes the biology and functions of Th17 and Treg cells in AID, with emphasis on the advances of the roles and regulatory mechanisms of energy metabolism in activation, differentiation and physiological function of Th17 and Treg cells, which will facilitate to provide targets for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qin
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chong Gao
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- *Correspondence: Jing Luo,
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32
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Tsao HW, Kaminski J, Kurachi M, Barnitz RA, DiIorio MA, LaFleur MW, Ise W, Kurosaki T, Wherry EJ, Haining WN, Yosef N. Batf-mediated epigenetic control of effector CD8 + T cell differentiation. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabi4919. [PMID: 35179948 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The response of naive CD8+ T cells to their cognate antigen involves rapid and broad changes to gene expression that are coupled with extensive chromatin remodeling, but the mechanisms governing these changes are not fully understood. Here, we investigated how these changes depend on the basic leucine zipper ATF-like transcription factor Batf, which is essential for the early phases of the process. Through genome scale profiling, we characterized the role of Batf in chromatin organization at several levels, including the accessibility of key regulatory regions, the expression of their nearby genes, and the interactions that these regions form with each other and with key transcription factors. We identified a core network of transcription factors that cooperated with Batf, including Irf4, Runx3, and T-bet, as indicated by their colocalization with Batf and their binding in regions whose accessibility, interactions, and expression of nearby genes depend on Batf. We demonstrated the synergistic activity of this network by overexpressing the different combinations of these genes in fibroblasts. Batf and Irf4, but not Batf alone, were sufficient to increase accessibility and transcription of key loci, normally associated with T cell function. Addition of Runx3 and T-bet further contributed to fine-tuning of these changes and was essential for establishing chromatin loops characteristic of T cells. These data provide a resource for studying the epigenomic and transcriptomic landscape of effector differentiation of cytotoxic T cells and for investigating the interdependency between transcription factors and its effects on the epigenome and transcriptome of primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Wei Tsao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James Kaminski
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - R Anthony Barnitz
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael A DiIorio
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin W LaFleur
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases, Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wataru Ise
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.,Laboratory for Lymphocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nir Yosef
- Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA
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33
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Liu Y, Cong Y, Niu Y, Yuan Y, Tan F, Lai Q, Hu Y, Hou B, Li J, Lin C, Zheng H, Dong J, Tang J, Chen Q, Brzostek J, Zhang X, Chen XL, Wang HR, Gascoigne NRJ, Xu B, Lin SH, Fu G. Themis is indispensable for IL-2 and IL-15 signaling in T cells. Sci Signal 2022; 15:eabi9983. [PMID: 35167340 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abi9983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
To perform their antiviral and antitumor functions, T cells must integrate signals both from the T cell receptor (TCR), which instruct the cell to remain quiescent or become activated, and from cytokines that guide cellular proliferation and differentiation. In mature CD8+ T cells, Themis has been implicated in integrating TCR and cytokine signals. We investigated whether Themis plays a direct role in cytokine signaling in mature T cells. Themis was required for IL-2- and IL-15-driven CD8+ T cell proliferation both in mice and in vitro. Mechanistically, we found that Themis promoted the activation of the transcription factor Stat and mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling downstream of cytokine receptors. Metabolomics and stable isotope tracing analyses revealed that Themis deficiency reduced glycolysis and serine and nucleotide biosynthesis, demonstrating a receptor-proximal requirement for Themis in triggering the metabolic changes that enable T cell proliferation. The cellular, metabolic, and biochemical defects caused by Themis deficiency were corrected in mice lacking both Themis and the phosphatase Shp1, suggesting that Themis mediates IL-2 and IL-15 receptor-proximal signaling by restraining the activity of Shp1. Together, these results not only shed light on the mechanisms of cytokine signaling but also provide new clues on manipulating T cells for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Cong
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yujia Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Fancheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qian Lai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Bowen Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunjie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Haiping Zheng
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Junchen Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qinwei Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xueqin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao Lei Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong-Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Immunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Key Laboratory of Xiamen for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hematological Malignancy, Xiamen, China
| | - Shu-Hai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital and Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Cancer Research Center of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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34
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Zhang Y, Yang Y, Guo J, Cui L, Yang L, Li Y, Mou Y, Jia C, Zhang L, Song X. miR-146a enhances regulatory T-cell differentiation and function in allergic rhinitis by targeting STAT5b. Allergy 2022; 77:550-558. [PMID: 34716993 DOI: 10.1111/all.15163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miR)-146a, as an important immune regulatory factor with an anti-inflammatory effect, plays a crucial role in regulatory T-cell (Tregs) differentiation and function in allergic rhinitis (AR). The present study aimed to investigate the regulatory mechanism employed by miR-146a to control Treg differentiation and function in AR. METHODS Expression of miR-146a and STAT5b in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and nasal mucosa from patients with AR was detected by qPCR and Western blotting. Tregs were quantified by flow cytometry in miR-146a knockdown or STAT5b knockdown PBMCs. FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β levels were detected by Western blotting or ELISA in miR-146a knockdown or STAT5b overexpressing PBMCs, as well as in STAT5b knockdown PBMCs overexpressing miR-146a. The effect of miR-146a on STAT5b was observed by luciferase assay and knockdown experiments. RESULTS Levels of miR146a and STAT5b in the nasal mucosa or PBMCs were significantly lower in the AR group than in the control group. There were significantly fewer Tregs in miR-146a knockdown or STAT5b knockdown PBMCs compared to control PBMCs. Expression of FOXP3, IL-10, and TGF-β was decreased in the miR-146a knockdown group but increased in the STAT5b overexpression group. In contrast, miR-146a overexpression increased the levels of these factors, but knockdown of STAT5b significantly inhibited this effect. Luciferase assay and knockdown experiments showed that miR-146a bound directly to STAT5b. CONCLUSIONS miR-146a enhances Treg differentiation and function in AR by positively targeting STAT5b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Yujuan Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Limei Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Liping Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Yakui Mou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Chuanliang Jia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Beijing Tongren HospitalCapital Medical University Beijing China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology Beijing China
| | - Xicheng Song
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Qingdao University Yantai China
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35
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Fleury M, Vazquez-Mateo C, Hernandez-Escalante J, Dooms H. Partial STAT5 signaling is sufficient for CD4 + T cell priming but not memory formation. Cytokine 2022; 150:155770. [PMID: 34839177 PMCID: PMC8761165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) plays an important role in regulating gene expression in response to cytokines of the common (γc) chain family. In this capacity, STAT5 promotes CD8+ effector and memory T cell survival and regulatory T cell development. However, its function in conventional CD4+ T cells is less clear. In this study, the requirement of intact STAT5 signaling for CD4+ effector and memory T cell generation and maintenance was investigated by using DO11.10 TCR transgenic T cells that are genetically deficient in STAT5A or B, as well as by transducing DO11 T cells with a dominant-negative STAT5 to temporally block STAT5 function. We found that the presence of STAT5A or B alone was sufficient for primary CD4+ effector T cell generation, but not for establishing a long-lived memory cell population. Similarly, blocking STAT5 signaling during priming did not prevent initial T cell activation, but inhibited the generation of memory cells. Surprisingly, blocking STAT5 post-priming did not impact the long-term survival of CD4+ memory T cells in vivo. Mechanistically, intact STAT5B, but not STAT5A, was required for IL-7Rα re-expression in activated T cells, which is an important cytokine receptor for CD4+ memory generation. These data show that fully functional STAT5 is essential to deliver an early, non-redundant signal for memory programming during the primary CD4+ T cell response, while partial STAT5 signaling is sufficient for effector differentiation. Our results have implications for the precise use of STAT5 inhibitors to timely inhibit memory T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Fleury
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Cristina Vazquez-Mateo
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Jaileene Hernandez-Escalante
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States
| | - Hans Dooms
- Arthritis and Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Rheumatology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118, United States; Department of Pathology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA 94143, United States.
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Liu K, Zhang L, Li X, Zhao J. High expression of lncRNA HSD11B1-AS1 indicates favorable prognosis and is associated with immune infiltration in cutaneous melanoma. Oncol Lett 2022; 23:54. [PMID: 34992686 PMCID: PMC8721861 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive malignant cancer associated with poor prognosis. Identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting prognosis of melanoma contributes to improved clinical outcome and disease management. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serve a crucial regulatory role of oncogenesis and tumor suppression in melanoma. Using data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, novel lncRNA 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1-antisense RNA 1 (HSD11B1-AS1) was identified, which was significantly downregulated in malignant melanoma and its downregulation was significantly associated with poor clinicopathological characteristics, including advanced T and pathological stage, Clark level, Breslow depth and ulceration and worse prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that HSD11B1-AS1, as well as N stage and Breslow depth, were independent prognostic factors in cutaneous melanoma, and nomograms suggested a good predictive value of 1-, 3- and 5-year overall survival, progression-free interval and disease-specific survival. In vitro experiments verified the decreased HSD11B1-AS1 expression in melanoma cell lines compared with human epidermal melanocytes. Moreover, cell experiments in vitro, including Cell Counting Kit-8, colony formation, wound healing and Transwell assay, suggested that overexpression of HSD11B1-AS1 significantly inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Functional enrichment showed significantly enriched pathways in IFN-γ and -α response, TNF-α signaling via NF-κB and IL-2/STAT-5 and IL-6/JAK/STAT-3 signaling. In addition, immune infiltration analysis demonstrated that HSD11B1-AS1 may function by accelerating immune response regulation and the immune cell infiltration of various immunocytes, especially T, T helper 1, activated dendritic and B cells. The present study revealed HSD11B1-AS1 as a potential therapeutic target and promising biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, P.R. China
| | - Jingjun Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200065, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
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Alam MS, Otsuka S, Wong N, Abbasi A, Gaida MM, Fan Y, Meerzaman D, Ashwell JD. TNF plays a crucial role in inflammation by signaling via T cell TNFR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2109972118. [PMID: 34873037 PMCID: PMC8685675 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2109972118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF, produced largely by T and innate immune cells, is potently proinflammatory, as are cytokines such as IFN-γ and IL-17 produced by Th1 and Th17 cells, respectively. Here, we asked if TNF is upstream of Th skewing toward inflammatory phenotypes. Exposure of mouse CD4+ T cells to TNF and TGF-β generated Th17 cells that express low levels of IL-17 (ROR-γt+IL-17lo) and high levels of inflammatory markers independently of IL-6 and STAT3. This was mediated by the nondeath TNF receptor TNFR2, which also contributed to the generation of inflammatory Th1 cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of central nervous system-infiltrating CD4+ T cells in mouse experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) found an inflammatory gene expression profile similar to cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells from patients with multiple sclerosis. Notably, TNFR2-deficient CD4+ T cells produced fewer inflammatory mediators and were less pathogenic in EAE and colitis. IL-1β, a Th17-skewing cytokine, induced TNF and proinflammatory granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in T cells, which was inhibited by disruption of TNFR2 signaling, demonstrating IL-1β can function indirectly via the production of TNF. Thus, TNF is not just an effector but also an initiator of inflammatory Th differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
| | - Shizuka Otsuka
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nathan Wong
- CCR Collaborative Bioinformatics Resources, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Aamna Abbasi
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Matthias M Gaida
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- Research Center for Immunotherapy, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Yu Fan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Daoud Meerzaman
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and information Technology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20852
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NlH, Bethesda, MD 20892;
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Hu X, Li J, Fu M, Zhao X, Wang W. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway: from bench to clinic. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:402. [PMID: 34824210 PMCID: PMC8617206 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00791-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway was discovered more than a quarter-century ago. As a fulcrum of many vital cellular processes, the JAK/STAT pathway constitutes a rapid membrane-to-nucleus signaling module and induces the expression of various critical mediators of cancer and inflammation. Growing evidence suggests that dysregulation of the JAK/STAT pathway is associated with various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge about the composition, activation, and regulation of the JAK/STAT pathway. Moreover, we highlight the role of the JAK/STAT pathway and its inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Maorong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, P. R. China.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, P. R. China.
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Grabacka M, Pierzchalska M, Płonka PM, Pierzchalski P. The Role of PPAR Alpha in the Modulation of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10545. [PMID: 34638886 PMCID: PMC8508635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is a potent regulator of systemic and cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, but it also suppresses various inflammatory reactions. In this review, we focus on its role in the regulation of innate immunity; in particular, we discuss the PPARα interplay with inflammatory transcription factor signaling, pattern-recognition receptor signaling, and the endocannabinoid system. We also present examples of the PPARα-specific immunomodulatory functions during parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, as well as approach several issues associated with innate immunity processes, such as the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, phagocytosis, and the effector functions of macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, and mast cells. The described phenomena encourage the application of endogenous and pharmacological PPARα agonists to alleviate the disorders of immunological background and the development of new solutions that engage PPARα activation or suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław M. Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Michałowskiego 12, 31-126 Cracow, Poland;
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Todoerti K, Taiana E, Puccio N, Favasuli V, Lionetti M, Silvestris I, Gentile M, Musto P, Morabito F, Gianelli U, Bolli N, Baldini L, Neri A, Ronchetti D. Transcriptomic Analysis in Multiple Myeloma and Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia with t(11;14) Reveals Different Expression Patterns with Biological Implications in Venetoclax Sensitivity. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194898. [PMID: 34638381 PMCID: PMC8508148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The growing interest in BCL2 inhibitors for the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) has led to the need for biomarkers that are able to predict patient’s sensitivity to the drug. The presence of the chromosomal translocation t(11;14) in MM is mainly associated with sensitivity to venetoclax and good prognosis. The incidence of t(11;14) largely increases in primary Plasma Cell Leukemia (pPCL) in association with an unfavorable outcome. Currently, data concerning pPCL sensitivity to venetoclax are virtually absent. In this context, we investigated the transcriptome of MM and pPCL with t(11;14), evidencing that the two clinical entities are likely responsive to venetoclax based on different molecular programs, thus prompting further studies to elucidate better novel potential predictive biomarkers. Abstract Mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of primary Plasma Cell Leukemia (pPCL) and intramedullary multiple myeloma (MM) need to be further elucidated, being potentially relevant for improving therapeutic approaches. In such a context, the MM and pPCL subgroups characterized by t(11;14) deserve a focused investigation, as the presence of the translocation is mainly associated with sensitivity to venetoclax. Herein, we investigated a proprietary cohort of MM and pPCL patients, focusing on the transcriptional signature of samples carrying t(11;14), whose incidence increases in pPCL in association with an unfavorable outcome. In addition, we evaluated the expression levels of the BCL2-gene family members and of a panel of B-cell genes recently reported to be associated with sensitivity to venetoclax in MM. Moreover, transcriptional analysis of lncRNAs in the two clinical settings led to the identification of several differentially expressed transcripts, among which the SNGH6 deregulated lncRNA might be relevant in the pathogenesis and prognosis of pPCL with t(11;14). Overall, our data suggest that MMs and pPCLs with t(11;14) might be responsive to venetoclax based on different molecular programs, prompting further studies to elucidate better novel potential predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Todoerti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Noemi Puccio
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
| | - Vanessa Favasuli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Lionetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Silvestris
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Gentile
- Hematology Unit, “Annunziata” Hospital of Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy;
| | - Pellegrino Musto
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, “Aldo Moro” University School of Medicine, 70124 Bari, Italy;
- Unit of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, AOUC Policlinico, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Fortunato Morabito
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Hemato-Oncology Department, Augusta Victoria Hospital, East Jerusalem 91191, Israel;
- Biotechnology Research Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cosenza, 87100 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Umberto Gianelli
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Niccolò Bolli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Baldini
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (D.R.)
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; (K.T.); (E.T.); (N.P.); (V.F.); (M.L.); (I.S.); (N.B.); (L.B.)
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (D.R.)
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Adjunctive interleukin-2 for the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis: a randomized control trial in China. Infection 2021; 50:413-421. [PMID: 34562262 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of IL-2 in the treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis. METHODS First, the cases of diagnosed drug-susceptible tuberculosis were randomized into two groups-the control group that received the background regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol, and the experimental group that received the background regimen plus IL-2. The efficacy and safety evaluations were performed throughout the therapy process as well as 12 months after the treatment completion. RESULTS A total of 1151 patients underwent the randomization, among which 539 (96.2%) of the 560 in the experimental group achieved the sputum culture conversion to negative, compared to the 551 (93.2%) of the 591 in the control group, after 2 months of treatment, with significant difference observed between the groups (P = 0.025). Cavity closure after 2 months in the IL-2 (experimental) group was 60/211 (28.4%) compared to 46/248 (18.5%) in the control group, with a significant difference between the groups (P = 0.001). After treatment completion, the proportion of favorable outcomes was 559/560 (99.8%) in the experimental group and 587/591 (99.3%) in the control group, with no significant difference between the groups. Twelve months after treatment completion, relapse occurred in 15/560 (2.6%) in the IL-2 group and 19/591 (3.2%) in the control group, with no significant difference. CONCLUSION IL-2 may enhance culture conversion and the cavity closure rate in the early treatment phase, although the enhancement may not be significant after treatment completion.
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Bao W, Lin Y, Chen Z. The Peripheral Immune System and Traumatic Brain Injury: Insight into the role of T-helper cells. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3644-3651. [PMID: 34790036 PMCID: PMC8579286 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.46834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that immune-inflammatory processes are key elements in the physiopathological events associated with traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is followed by T-cell-specific immunological changes involving several subsets of T-helper cells and the cytokines they produce; these processes can have opposite effects depending on the disease course and cytokine concentrations. Efforts are underway to identify the T-helper cells and cytokine profiles associated with prognosis. These predictors may eventually serve as effective treatment targets to decrease morbidity and mortality and to improve the management of TBI patients. Here, we review the immunological response to TBI, the possible molecular mechanisms of this response, and therapeutic strategies to address it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zuobing Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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43
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Hayley S, Hakim AM, Albert PR. Depression, dementia and immune dysregulation. Brain 2021; 144:746-760. [PMID: 33279966 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression is a prevalent illness that increases the risk of several neurological conditions. These include stroke, cardiovascular disease, and dementia including Alzheimer's disease. In this review we ask whether certain types of depression and associated loneliness may be a harbinger of cognitive decline and possibly even dementia. We propose that chronic stress and inflammation combine to compromise vascular and brain function. The resulting increases in proinflammatory cytokines and microglial activation drive brain pathology leading to depression and mild cognitive impairment, which may progress to dementia. We present evidence that by treating the inflammatory changes, depression can be reversed in many cases. Importantly, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory and antidepressant treatments may reduce or prevent dementia in people with depression. Thus, we propose a model in which chronic stress and inflammation combine to increase brain permeability and cytokine production. This leads to microglial activation, white matter damage, neuronal and glial cell loss. This is first manifest as depression and mild cognitive impairment, but can eventually evolve into dementia. Further research may identify clinical subgroups with inflammatory depression at risk for dementia. It would then be possible to address in clinical trials whether effective treatment of the depression can delay the onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn Hayley
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine M Hakim
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), uOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Paul R Albert
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (Neuroscience), uOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Baricitinib prevents GvHD by increasing Tregs via JAK3 and treats established GvHD by promoting intestinal tissue repair via EGFR. Leukemia 2021; 36:292-295. [PMID: 34304247 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01360-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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45
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Zhao J, Jiang L, Uehara M, Banouni N, Al Dulaijan BS, Azzi J, Ichimura T, Li X, Jarolim P, Fiorina P, Tullius SG, Madsen JC, Kasinath V, Abdi R. ACTH treatment promotes murine cardiac allograft acceptance. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e143385. [PMID: 34236047 PMCID: PMC8410061 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart transplantation is the optimal therapy for patients with end-stage heart disease, but its long-term outcome remains inadequate. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in inflammation, but how MCRs regulate the balance between alloreactive T cells and Tregs, and whether they impact chronic heart transplant rejection, is unknown. Here, we found that Tregs express MC2R, and MC2R expression was highest among all MCRs by Tregs. Our data indicate that adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), the sole ligand for MC2R, promoted the formation of Tregs by increasing the expression of IL-2Rα (CD25) in CD4+ T cells and activation of STAT5 in CD4+CD25+ T cells. ACTH treatment also improved the survival of heart allografts and increased the formation of Tregs in CD28KO mice. ACTH treatment synergized with the tolerogenic effect of CTLA-4–Ig, resulting in long-term survival of heart allografts and an increase in intragraft Tregs. ACTH administration also demonstrated higher prolongation of heart allograft survival in transgenic mouse recipients with both complete KO and conditional KO of PI3Kγ in T cells. Finally, ACTH treatment reduced chronic rejection markedly. These data demonstrate that ACTH treatment improved heart transplant outcomes, and this effect correlated with an increase in Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Liwei Jiang
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Mayuko Uehara
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Naima Banouni
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | | | - Jamil Azzi
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | | | - Xiaofei Li
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
| | - Petr Jarolim
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paolo Fiorina
- Department of Nephrology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,International Center for Type 1 Diabetes, Centro di Ricerca Pediatrica Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Cliniche "L. Sacco", Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Endocrinology Division, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joren C Madsen
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, and.,Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Reza Abdi
- Transplantation Research Center.,Renal Division, and
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Abstract
The carbazole class is made up of heterocyclically structured compounds first isolated from coal tar. Their structural motif is preponderant in different synthetic materials and naturally occurring alkaloids extracted from the taxonomically related higher plants of the genus Murraya, Glycosmis, and Clausena from the Rutaceae family. Concerning the biological activity of these compounds, many research groups have assessed their antiproliferative action of carbazoles on different types of tumoral cells, such as breast, cervical, ovarian, hepatic, oral cavity, and small-cell lung cancer, and underlined their potential effects against psoriasis. One of the principal mechanisms likely involved in these effects is the ability of carbazoles to target the JAK/STATs pathway, considered essential for cell differentiation, proliferation, development, apoptosis, and inflammation. In this review, we report the studies carried out, over the years, useful to synthesize compounds with carbazole moiety designed to target these kinds of kinases.
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47
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Kron NS, Fieber LA. Co-expression analysis identifies neuro-inflammation as a driver of sensory neuron aging in Aplysia californica. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252647. [PMID: 34116561 PMCID: PMC8195618 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging of the nervous system is typified by depressed metabolism, compromised proteostasis, and increased inflammation that results in cognitive impairment. Differential expression analysis is a popular technique for exploring the molecular underpinnings of neural aging, but technical drawbacks of the methodology often obscure larger expression patterns. Co-expression analysis offers a robust alternative that allows for identification of networks of genes and their putative central regulators. In an effort to expand upon previous work exploring neural aging in the marine model Aplysia californica, we used weighted gene correlation network analysis to identify co-expression networks in a targeted set of aging sensory neurons in these animals. We identified twelve modules, six of which were strongly positively or negatively associated with aging. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes analysis and investigation of central module transcripts identified signatures of metabolic impairment, increased reactive oxygen species, compromised proteostasis, disrupted signaling, and increased inflammation. Although modules with immune character were identified, there was no correlation between genes in Aplysia that increased in expression with aging and the orthologous genes in oyster displaying long-term increases in expression after a virus-like challenge. This suggests anti-viral response is not a driver of Aplysia sensory neuron aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. Kron
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - L. A. Fieber
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States of America
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48
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Kontio JAJ, Pyhäjärvi T, Sillanpää MJ. Model guided trait-specific co-expression network estimation as a new perspective for identifying molecular interactions and pathways. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1008960. [PMID: 33939702 PMCID: PMC8118548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide variety of 1) parametric regression models and 2) co-expression networks have been developed for finding gene-by-gene interactions underlying complex traits from expression data. While both methodological schemes have their own well-known benefits, little is known about their synergistic potential. Our study introduces their methodological fusion that cross-exploits the strengths of individual approaches via a built-in information-sharing mechanism. This fusion is theoretically based on certain trait-conditioned dependency patterns between two genes depending on their role in the underlying parametric model. Resulting trait-specific co-expression network estimation method 1) serves to enhance the interpretation of biological networks in a parametric sense, and 2) exploits the underlying parametric model itself in the estimation process. To also account for the substantial amount of intrinsic noise and collinearities, often entailed by expression data, a tailored co-expression measure is introduced along with this framework to alleviate related computational problems. A remarkable advance over the reference methods in simulated scenarios substantiate the method's high-efficiency. As proof-of-concept, this synergistic approach is successfully applied in survival analysis, with acute myeloid leukemia data, further highlighting the framework's versatility and broad practical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho A. J. Kontio
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tanja Pyhäjärvi
- Department of Ecology and Genetics, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko J. Sillanpää
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- * E-mail:
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49
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Wang X, Zhao XY. Transcription Factors Associated With IL-15 Cytokine Signaling During NK Cell Development. Front Immunol 2021; 12:610789. [PMID: 33815365 PMCID: PMC8013977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.610789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes primarily involved in innate immunity and possess important functional properties in anti-viral and anti-tumor responses; thus, these cells have broad potential for clinical utilization. NK cells originate from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) through the following two independent and continuous processes: early commitment from HSCs to IL-15-responsive NK cell progenitors (NKPs) and subsequent differentiation into mature NK cells in response to IL-15. IL-15 is the most important cytokine for NK cell development, is produced by both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic cells, and functions through a distinct delivery process termed transpresentation. Upon being transpresented to NK cells, IL-15 contributes to NK cell development via the activation of several downstream signaling pathways, including the Ras-MEK-MAPK, JAK-STAT5, and PI3K-ATK-mTOR pathways. Nonetheless, the exact role of IL-15 in NK cell development has not been discussed in a consecutive and comprehensive manner. Here, we review current knowledge about the indispensable role of IL-15 in NK cell development and address which cells produce IL-15 to support NK cell development and when IL-15 exerts its function during multiple developmental stages. Specifically, we highlight how IL-15 supports NK cell development by elucidating the distinct transpresentation of IL-15 to NK cells and revealing the downstream target of IL-15 signaling during NK cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Zhao
- Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing, China.,Beijing Engineering Laboratory for Cellular Therapy, Beijing, China
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50
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Lauer AN, Scholtysik R, Beineke A, Baums CG, Klose K, Valentin-Weigand P, Ishikawa H, Schroten H, Klein-Hitpass L, Schwerk C. A Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Human and Porcine Choroid Plexus Cells in Response to Streptococcus suis Serotype 2 Infection Points to a Role of Hypoxia. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:639620. [PMID: 33763387 PMCID: PMC7982935 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.639620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important opportunistic pathogen, which can cause septicemia and meningitis in pigs and humans. Previous in vivo observations in S. suis-infected pigs revealed lesions at the choroid plexus (CP). In vitro experiments with primary porcine CP epithelial cells (PCPEC) and human CP epithelial papilloma (HIBCPP) cells demonstrated that S. suis can invade and traverse the CP epithelium, and that the CP contributes to the inflammatory response via cytokine expression. Here, next generation sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to compare global transcriptome profiles of PCPEC and HIBCPP cells challenged with S. suis serotype (ST) 2 infected in vitro, and of pigs infected in vivo. Identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were, amongst others, involved in inflammatory responses and hypoxia. The RNA-seq data were validated via quantitative PCR of selected DEGs. Employing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA), 18, 28, and 21 enriched hallmark gene sets (GSs) were identified for infected HIBCPP cells, PCPEC, and in the CP of pigs suffering from S. suis ST2 meningitis, respectively, of which eight GSs overlapped between the three different sample sets. The majority of these GSs are involved in cellular signaling and pathways, immune response, and development, including inflammatory response and hypoxia. In contrast, suppressed GSs observed during in vitro and in vivo S. suis ST2 infections included those, which were involved in cellular proliferation and metabolic processes. This study suggests that similar cellular processes occur in infected human and porcine CP epithelial cells, especially in terms of inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexa N Lauer
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rene Scholtysik
- Institute for Cell Biology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Beineke
- Institute for Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christoph Georg Baums
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Bacteriology and Mycology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Klose
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Horst Schroten
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | | | - Christian Schwerk
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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