1
|
Grant WB. Cancer Incidence Rates in the US in 2016-2020 with Respect to Solar UVB Doses, Diabetes and Obesity Prevalence, Lung Cancer Incidence Rates, and Alcohol Consumption: An Ecological Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:1450. [PMID: 38794688 PMCID: PMC11123752 DOI: 10.3390/nu16101450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article reports the results of an ecological study of cancer incidence rates by state in the US for the period 2016-2020. The goals of this study were to determine the extent to which solar UVB doses reduced cancer risk compared to findings reported in 2006 for cancer mortality rates for the periods 1950-1969 and 1970-1794 as well as cancer incidence rates for the period 1998-2002 and to determine which factors were recently associated with cancer risk. The cancer data for non-Hispanic white (European American) men and women were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Indices were obtained for solar UVB at the surface for July 1992, and alcohol consumption, diabetes, and obesity prevalence near the 2016-2020 period. Lung cancer incidence rates were also used in the analyses as a surrogate for smoking, diet, and air pollution. The cancers for which solar UVB is significantly associated with reduced incidence are bladder, brain (males), breast, corpus uteri, esophageal, gastric, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, pancreatic, and renal cancer. Lung cancer was significantly associated with colorectal, laryngeal, and renal cancer. Diabetes was also significantly associated with breast, liver, and lung cancer. Obesity prevalence was significantly associated with breast, colorectal, and renal cancer. Alcohol consumption was associated with bladder and esophageal cancer. Thus, diet has become a very important driver of cancer incidence rates. The role of solar UVB in reducing the risk of cancer has been reduced due to people spending less time outdoors, wearing sunscreen that blocks UVB but not UVA radiation, and population increases in terms of overweight and obese individuals, which are associated with lower 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and the generation of systemic inflammation, which is a risk factor for cancer. A dietary approach that would reduce the risk of diabetes, obesity, lung cancer, and, therefore, cancer, would be one based mostly on whole plants and restrictions on red and processed meats and ultraprocessed foods. Solar UVB exposure for a few minutes before applying sunscreen and taking vitamin D supplements would also help reduce the risk of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B Grant
- Sunlight, Nutrition, and Health Research Center, 1745 Pacific Ave., Suite 504, San Francisco, CA 94109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jokipii Krueger CC, Park SL, Patel Y, Stram DO, Aldrich M, Cai Q, Tretyakova NY. Association of Urinary N7-(1-hydroxyl-3-buten-1-yl) Guanine (EB-GII) Adducts and Butadiene-Mercapturic Acids with Lung Cancer Development in Cigarette Smokers. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:374-384. [PMID: 38315500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 10% of smokers will develop lung cancer. Sensitive predictive biomarkers are needed to identify susceptible individuals. 1,3-Butadiene (BD) is among the most abundant tobacco smoke carcinogens. BD is metabolically activated to 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EB), which is detoxified via the glutathione conjugation/mercapturic acid pathway to form monohydroxybutenyl mercapturic acid (MHBMA) and dihydroxybutyl mercapturic acid (DHBMA). Alternatively, EB can react with guanine nucleobases of DNA to form N7-(1-hydroxyl-3-buten-1-yl) guanine (EB-GII) adducts. We employed isotope dilution LC/ESI-HRMS/MS methodologies to quantify MHBMA, DHBMA, and EB-GII in urine of smokers who developed lung cancer (N = 260) and matched smoking controls (N = 259) from the Southern Community Cohort (white and African American). The concentrations of all three biomarkers were significantly higher in smokers that subsequently developed lung cancer as compared to matched smoker controls after adjusting for age, sex, and race/ethnicity (p < 0.0001 for EB-GII, p < 0.0001 for MHBMA, and p = 0.0007 for DHBMA). The odds ratio (OR) for lung cancer development was 1.63 for MHBMA, 1.37 for DHBMA, and 1.97 for EB-GII, with a higher OR in African American subjects than in whites. The association of urinary EB-GII, MHBMA, and DHBMA with lung cancer status did not remain upon adjustment for total nicotine equivalents. These findings reveal that urinary MHBMA, DHBMA, and EB-GII are directly correlated with the BD dose delivered via smoking and are associated with lung cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Jokipii Krueger
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sungshim L Park
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Yesha Patel
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Daniel O Stram
- Department of Preventative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Melinda Aldrich
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Qiuyin Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Natalia Y Tretyakova
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Forder A, Zhuang R, Souza VGP, Brockley LJ, Pewarchuk ME, Telkar N, Stewart GL, Benard K, Marshall EA, Reis PP, Lam WL. Mechanisms Contributing to the Comorbidity of COPD and Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032859. [PMID: 36769181 PMCID: PMC9918127 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often co-occur, and individuals with COPD are at a higher risk of developing lung cancer. While the underlying mechanism for this risk is not well understood, its major contributing factors have been proposed to include genomic, immune, and microenvironment dysregulation. Here, we review the evidence and significant studies that explore the mechanisms underlying the heightened lung cancer risk in people with COPD. Genetic and epigenetic changes, as well as the aberrant expression of non-coding RNAs, predispose the lung epithelium to carcinogenesis by altering the expression of cancer- and immune-related genes. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoking plays a role in reducing genomic integrity, promoting epithelial-mesenchymal-transition, and generating a chronic inflammatory environment. This leads to abnormal immune responses that promote cancer development, though not all smokers develop lung cancer. Sex differences in the metabolism of tobacco smoke predispose females to developing COPD and accumulating damage from oxidative stress that poses a risk for the development of lung cancer. Dysregulation of the lung microenvironment and microbiome contributes to chronic inflammation, which is observed in COPD and known to facilitate cancer initiation in various tumor types. Further, there is a need to better characterize and identify the proportion of individuals with COPD who are at a high risk for developing lung cancer. We evaluate possible novel and individualized screening strategies, including biomarkers identified in genetic studies and exhaled breath condensate analysis. We also discuss the use of corticosteroids and statins as chemopreventive agents to prevent lung cancer. It is crucial that we optimize the current methods for the early detection and management of lung cancer and COPD in order to improve the health outcomes for a large affected population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aisling Forder
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rebecca Zhuang
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Vanessa G P Souza
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Liam J Brockley
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Michelle E Pewarchuk
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Nikita Telkar
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
- British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Greg L Stewart
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katya Benard
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Erin A Marshall
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Patricia P Reis
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit, School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-687, SP, Brazil
| | - Wan L Lam
- British Columbia Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liquid Biopsy for Lung Cancer: Up-to-Date and Perspectives for Screening Programs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032505. [PMID: 36768828 PMCID: PMC9917347 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the deadliest cancer worldwide. Tissue biopsy is currently employed for the diagnosis and molecular stratification of lung cancer. Liquid biopsy is a minimally invasive approach to determine biomarkers from body fluids, such as blood, urine, sputum, and saliva. Tumor cells release cfDNA, ctDNA, exosomes, miRNAs, circRNAs, CTCs, and DNA methylated fragments, among others, which can be successfully used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment response. Predictive biomarkers are well-established for managing lung cancer, and liquid biopsy options have emerged in the last few years. Currently, detecting EGFR p.(Tyr790Met) mutation in plasma samples from lung cancer patients has been used for predicting response and monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKi)-treated patients with lung cancer. In addition, many efforts continue to bring more sensitive technologies to improve the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers for lung cancer. Moreover, liquid biopsy can dramatically decrease the turnaround time for laboratory reports, accelerating the beginning of treatment and improving the overall survival of lung cancer patients. Herein, we summarized all available and emerging approaches of liquid biopsy-techniques, molecules, and sample type-for lung cancer.
Collapse
|
5
|
Koch-Henriksen N, Magyari M. Apparent changes in the epidemiology and severity of multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:676-688. [PMID: 34584250 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00556-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immunological disease that causes acute inflammatory lesions and chronic inflammation in the CNS, leading to tissue damage and disability. As awareness of MS has increased and options for therapy have come into use, a large amount of epidemiological data have been collected, enabling studies of changes in incidence and disease course over time. Overall, these data seem to indicate that the incidence of MS has increased, but the course of the disease has become milder, particularly in the 25 years since the first disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) became available. A clear understanding of these trends and the reasons for them is important for understanding the factors that influence the development and progression of MS, and for clinical management with respect to prevention and treatment decisions. In this Review, we consider the evidence for changes in the epidemiology of MS, focusing on trends in the incidence of the disease over time and trends in the disease severity. In addition, we discuss the factors influencing these trends, including refinement of diagnostic criteria and improvements in health-care systems that have increased diagnosis in people with mild disease, and the introduction and improvement of DMT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils Koch-Henriksen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Melinda Magyari
- The Danish Multiple Sclerosis Registry, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Robison CL, Kazan T, Miller RLA, Cova N, Charntikov S. Inactivation of posterior but not anterior dorsomedial caudate-putamen impedes learning with self-administered nicotine stimulus in male rats. Behav Brain Res 2021; 413:113438. [PMID: 34224762 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rodent caudate-putamen is a large heterogeneous neural structure with distinct anatomical connections that differ in their control of learning processes. Previous research suggests that the anterior and posterior dorsomedial caudate-putamen (a- and p-dmCPu) differentially regulate associative learning with a non-contingent nicotine stimulus. The current study used bilateral NMDA-induced excitotoxic lesions to the a-dmCPu and p-dmCPu to determine the functional involvement of a-dmCPu and p-dmCPu in appetitive learning with contingent nicotine stimulus. Rats with a-dmCPu, p-dmCPu, or sham lesions were trained to lever-press for intravenous nicotine (0.03 mg/kg/inf) followed by access to sucrose 30 s later. After 1, 3, 9, and 20 nicotine-sucrose training sessions, appetitive learning in the form of a goal-tracking response was assessed using a non-contingent nicotine-alone test. All rats acquired nicotine self-administration and learned to retrieve sucrose from a receptacle at equal rates. However, rats with lesions to p-dmCPu demonstrated blunted learning of the nicotine-sucrose association. Our primary findings show that rats with lesions to p-dmCPu had a blunted goal-tracking response to a non-contingent nicotine administration after 20 consecutive days of nicotine-sucrose pairing. Our findings extend previous reports to a contingent model of nicotine self-administration and show that p-dmCPu is involved in associative learning with nicotine stimulus using a paradigm where rats voluntarily self-administer nicotine infusions that are paired with access to sucrose-a paradigm that closely resembles learning processes observed in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Theodore Kazan
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, United States
| | - Rikki L A Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Maine, United States
| | - Nicole Cova
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pathogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Lung Cancers. Viruses 2021; 13:v13050877. [PMID: 34064727 PMCID: PMC8151745 DOI: 10.3390/v13050877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human oncogenic viruses account for at least 12% of total cancer cases worldwide. Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus and it alone causes ~200,000 cancer cases and ~1.8% of total cancer-related death annually. Over the past 40 years, increasing lines of evidence have supported a causal link between EBV infection and a subgroup of lung cancers (LCs). In this article, we review the current understanding of the EBV-LC association and the etiological role of EBV in lung carcinogenesis. We also discuss the clinical impact of the knowledge gained from previous research, challenges, and future directions in this field. Given the high clinical relevance of EBV-LC association, there is an urgent need for further investigation on this topic.
Collapse
|
8
|
Cai HZ, Zhang H, Yang J, Zeng J, Wang H. Preliminary assessment of viral metagenome from cancer tissue and blood from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5126-5133. [PMID: 33595122 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, using a viral metagenomic method, we investigated the composition of virome in blood and cancer tissue samples that were collected from 25 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Results indicated that virus sequences showing similarity to human pegivirus (HPgV), anellovirus, human endogenous retrovirus (HERV), and polyomavirus were recovered from this cohort. Three different complete genomes of HPgV were acquired from the blood samples and one complete genome of polyomavirus was determined from the cancer tissue sample. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the three HPgV strains belonged to genotype 3 and the polyomavirus showed the highest sequence identity (99.73%) to trichodysplasia spinulosa-associated polyomavirus. PCR screening results indicated that the three HPgVs were present in 5 out of the 25 blood samples and the polyomavirus only existed in a cancer tissue sample pool. Whether infections with viruses have an association with lung cancer needs further study with a larger size of sampling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhong Cai
- Department of Emergency, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heteng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chandiramohan A, Dabaghi M, Aguiar JA, Tiessen N, Stewart M, Cao QT, Nguyen JP, Makhdami N, Cox G, Doxey AC, Hirota JA. Development and validation of an open-source, disposable, 3D-printed in vitro environmental exposure system for Transwell culture inserts. ERJ Open Res 2021; 7:00705-2020. [PMID: 33614779 PMCID: PMC7882787 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00705-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Accessible in vitro models recapitulating the human airway that are amenable to study whole cannabis smoke exposure are needed for immunological and toxicological studies that inform public health policy and recreational cannabis use. In the present study, we developed and validated a novel three-dimensional (3D)-printed in vitro exposure system (IVES) that can be directly applied to study the effect of cannabis smoke exposure on primary human bronchial epithelial cells. Using commercially available design software and a 3D printer, we designed a four-chamber Transwell insert holder for exposures to whole smoke. COMSOL Multiphysics software was used to model gas distribution, concentration gradients, velocity profile and shear stress within IVES. Following simulations, primary human bronchial epithelial cells cultured at the air–liquid interface on Transwell inserts were exposed to whole cannabis smoke using a modified version of the Foltin puff procedure. Following 24 h, outcome measurements included cell morphology, epithelial barrier function, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, cytokine expression and gene expression. Whole smoke delivered through IVES possesses velocity profiles consistent with uniform gas distribution across the four chambers and complete mixing. Airflow velocity ranged between 1.0 and 1.5 µm·s−1 and generated low shear stresses (<<1 Pa). Human airway epithelial cells exposed to cannabis smoke using IVES showed changes in cell morphology and disruption of barrier function without significant cytotoxicity. Cannabis smoke elevated interleukin-1 family cytokines and elevated CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 expression relative to control, validating IVES smoke exposure impacts in human airway epithelial cells at a molecular level. The growing legalisation of cannabis on a global scale must be paired with research related to potential health impacts of lung exposures. IVES represents an accessible, open-source, exposure system that can be used to model varying types of cannabis smoke exposures with human airway epithelial cells grown under air–liquid interface culture conditions. Development of an open-source, disposable, 3D-printed in vitro environmental exposure system for Transwell culture inserts that can be used for environmental exposures important for lung health, and validation with cannabis smoke exposurehttps://bit.ly/2JjgDrm
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abiram Chandiramohan
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,These authors contributed equally
| | - Mohammedhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,These authors contributed equally
| | | | - Nicholas Tiessen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Stewart
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Quynh T Cao
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jenny P Nguyen
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nima Makhdami
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Gerard Cox
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew C Doxey
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health - Division of Respirology, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Dept of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.,McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Respiratory Medicine, Dept of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vavalà T, Rigney M, Reale ML, Novello S, King JC. An examination of two dichotomies: Women with lung cancer and living with lung cancer as a chronic disease. Respirology 2020; 25 Suppl 2:24-36. [PMID: 33124087 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death globally, yet with many recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer, the face of the disease is shifting. Historically, lung cancer is often thought of as a predominantly male disease with more than twice as many men as women being diagnosed worldwide-mostly due to the influence of smoking as the leading risk factor. However, lung cancer is also the second leading cause of cancer death in women and there is a growing population of young women who have never smoked and are being diagnosed. The past decade has seen groundbreaking innovations in both the early detection and treatment of lung cancer. In this new era, survival rates are beginning to increase and many of those diagnosed are finding themselves in a new situation-living long term with a deadly cancer. Here, we review pertinent aspects of women and lung cancer as well as the concept of living with lung cancer as a chronic disease to give a new perspective on the changing face of lung cancer treatment and care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Lucia Reale
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Silvia Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
García-Fernández C, Fornaguera C, Borrós S. Nanomedicine in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: From Conventional Treatments to Immunotherapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1609. [PMID: 32570729 PMCID: PMC7352459 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains the most common cause of cancer-related mortality. The heterogeneous nature of this disease hinders its diagnosis and treatment, requiring continuous advances in research aiming to understand its intricate nature. Consequently, the retrospective analysis of conventional therapies has allowed the introduction of novel tools provided by nanotechnology, leading to considerable improvements in clinical outcomes. Furthermore, the development of novel immunotherapies based on the recently understood interaction of the immune system with the tumor highlights the real possibility of definitively treating NSCLC from its early stages. Novel engineering approaches in nanomedicine will enable to overcome the intrinsic limits of conventional and emerging therapies regarding off-site cytotoxicity, specificity, resistance mechanisms, and administration issues. The convergence point of these therapies with nanotechnology lays the foundation for achieving currently unmet needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Fornaguera
- Grup d’Enginyeria de Materials (GEMAT), Institut Químic de Sarrià (IQS), Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), 08022 Barcelona, Spain; (C.G.-F.); (S.B.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jha P. The hazards of smoking and the benefits of cessation: a critical summation of the epidemiological evidence in high-income countries. eLife 2020; 9:49979. [PMID: 32207405 PMCID: PMC7093109 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In high-income countries, the biggest cause of premature death, defined as death before 70 years, is smoking of manufactured cigarettes. Smoking-related disease was responsible for about 41 million deaths in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada, cumulatively, from 1960 to 2020. Every million cigarettes smoked leads to one death in the US and Canada, but slightly more than one death in the UK. The 21st century hazards reveal that smokers who start smoking early in adult life and do not quit lose a decade of life expectancy versus non-smokers. Cessation, particularly before age 40 years, yields large reductions in mortality risk. Up to two-thirds of deaths among smokers are avoidable at non-smoking death rates, and former smokers have about only a quarter of the excess risk of death compared to current smokers. The gap between scientific and popular understanding of smoking hazards is surprisingly large.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public Health and Unity Health, Toronto, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
South AP, den Breems NY, Richa T, Nwagu U, Zhan T, Poojan S, Martinez-Outschoorn U, Johnson JM, Luginbuhl AJ, Curry JM. Mutation signature analysis identifies increased mutation caused by tobacco smoke associated DNA adducts in larynx squamous cell carcinoma compared with oral cavity and oropharynx. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19256. [PMID: 31848367 PMCID: PMC6917707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55352-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck (HNSCC) arise from mucosal keratinocytes of the upper aero-digestive tract. Despite a common cell of origin and similar driver-gene mutations which divert cell fate from differentiation to proliferation, HNSCC are considered a heterogeneous group of tumors categorized by site of origin within the aero-digestive mucosa, and the presence or absence of HPV infection. Tobacco use is a major driver of carcinogenesis in HNSCC and is a poor prognosticator that has previously been associated with poor immune cell infiltration and higher mutation numbers. Here, we study patterns of mutations in HNSCC that are derived from the specific nucleotide changes and their surrounding nucleotide context (also known as mutation signatures). We identify that mutations linked to DNA adducts associated with tobacco smoke exposure are predominantly found in the larynx. Presence of this class of mutation, termed COSMIC signature 4, is responsible for the increased burden of mutation in this anatomical sub-site. In addition, we show that another mutation pattern, COSMIC signature 5, is positively associated with age in HNSCC from non-smokers and that larynx SCC from non-smokers have a greater number of signature 5 mutations compared with other HNSCC sub-sites. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates a significantly lower Ki-67 proliferation index in size matched larynx SCC compared with oral cavity SCC and oropharynx SCC. Collectively, these observations support a model where larynx SCC are characterized by slower growth and increased susceptibility to mutations from tobacco carcinogen DNA adducts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
- The Joan and Joel Rosenbloom Research Center for Fibrotic Diseases, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, PA, 19107, USA.
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Nicoline Y den Breems
- Center for Advanced Computing (C-fACS), Lincoln University, Lincoln, 7647, New Zealand
| | - Tony Richa
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Uche Nwagu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Tingting Zhan
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Shiv Poojan
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Ubaldo Martinez-Outschoorn
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Jennifer M Johnson
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Adam J Luginbuhl
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Joseph M Curry
- Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Human papillomavirus is not associated to non-small cell lung cancer: data from a prospective cross-sectional study. Infect Agent Cancer 2019; 14:18. [PMID: 31388352 PMCID: PMC6679449 DOI: 10.1186/s13027-019-0235-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of lung cancer is triggered by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, being the tobacco smoke the most important risk factor. Nevertheless, the incidence of lung cancer in non-smokers is gradually increasing, which demands the search for different other etiological factors such as occupational exposure, previous lung disease, diet among others. In the early 80’s a theory linked specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) to lung cancer due to morphological similarities of a subset of bronchial squamous cell carcinomas with other HPV-induced cancers. Since then, several studies revealed variable rates of HPV DNA detection. The current study aimed to provide accurate information on the prevalence of HPV DNA in lung cancer. Methods Biopsies were collected from 77 newly diagnosed non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated at the Thoracic Oncology Department at Barretos Cancer Hospital. The samples were formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE), histologic analysis was performed by an experienced pathologist. DNA was extracted from FFPE material using a commercial extraction kit and HPV DNA detection was evaluated by multiplex PCR and HPV16 specific real-time PCR. Results HPV was not identified in any of the samples analysed (69). Conclusions Our data demonstrated a lack of HPV DNA in a series of NSCL cancers.
Collapse
|
15
|
Gong SQ, Xu M, Xiang ML, Shan YM, Zhang H. The Expression and Effection of MicroRNA-499a in High-Tobacco Exposed Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Bioinformatic Analysis. Front Oncol 2019; 9:678. [PMID: 31417866 PMCID: PMC6685408 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have directly investigated the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with low, medium, and high tobacco exposure. The purpose of this study is to screen the differentially expressed miRNAs and to investigate their clinical significance and potential biological mechanisms in the three groups of HNSCC. Methods: The datasets of HNSCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The edgeR package was used to determine differentially expressed miRNAs and genes among the three groups of HNSCC. Statistical methods were applied to assess the clinical significance of miRNA and its correlation with genes. The correlation between gene expression and clinical characteristics was analyzed using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Three online databases were used to predict the target genes of miRNAs. More importantly, qRT-PCR was employed to verify the differential expression of miRNAs and genes in our patients. Results: 32 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1,820 differentially expressed genes were found among the three groups of HNSCC. Patients with high expression of hsa-miR-499a had lower overall survival than the ones with low expression in high-tobacco exposed HNSCC. Cox regression analysis found that high expression of hsa-miR-499a and female were independent risk factors for prognosis in high-tobacco exposed HNSCC. Chi-square test found that hsa-miR-499a was associated with N stage in high-tobacco exposed HNSCC. WGCNA identified four gene modules associated with N stage in high-tobacco exposed HNSCC. Then three online databases were used to predict potential target genes for hsa-miR-499a, which were AEBP2 and ZNRF1. Pearson correlation analysis showed that hsa-miR-499a was negatively correlated with AEBP2 and ZNRF1. qRT-PCR supported bioinformatic results that hsa-miR-499a, AEBP2, and ZNRF1 were differentially expressed among the three groups of HNSCC in our patients. Conclusion: 32 differentially expressed miRNAs and 1,820 differentially expressed genes were successfully identified in HNSCC with low, medium, and high tobacco exposure. The patients with high expression of hsa-miR-499a had poor prognoses compared with patients with low expression in high-tobacco exposed HNSCC. Hsa-miR-499a was associated with N stage in high-tobacco exposed HNSCC. AEBP2 and ZNRF1 were the potential target genes of hsa-miR-499a.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Gong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming-Liang Xiang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Min Shan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zheng H, Zhang Y, Zhan Y, Liu S, Lu J, Feng J, Wu X, Wen Q, Fan S. Prognostic analysis of patients with mutant and wild-type EGFR gene lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:6139-6150. [PMID: 31308750 PMCID: PMC6613610 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation and clinicopathological features of lung adenocarcinoma, and the prognostic and therapeutic value of EGFR. Methods EGFR gene mutations were detected in 424 patients with lung adenocarcinoma by amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS). Results The total EGFR gene mutation rate was 55.2% (234/424) and EGFR gene mutation rates were statistically different in gender, smoking status, and pathological degree (P<0.05). The overall survival (OS) time of lung adenocarcinoma patients with mutation of exon 18 was lower than those with mutation of exon 19 and exon 21 (both P<0.05), but no significant difference was seen between those with mutation of exon 19 and exon 21 (P>0.05). Among 424 cases of lung adenocarcinoma, multivariate analysis showed that EGFR gene mutation, age, gender, clinical stages, and pathological degree (P<0.05) were statistically significant prognostic factors. In multivariate analysis, prognostic factors of patients with EGFR gene mutation were associated with EGFR-TKI treatment, surgery treatment, pathological degree, clinical stages, and age (P<0.05), whereas in patients without EGFR gene mutation, prognostic factors were related to surgery treatment, pathological degree, clinical stages, gender, age, and smoking status (P<0.05). Conclusion The OS time of patients with mutation of exon 18 was lower than those of exon 19 and exon 21. EGFR-TKI treatment was an independent positive predictor in patients with EGFR gene mutation. Surgery treatment, age, clinical stages, and pathological degree were independent prognostic factors in Chinese patients with lung adenocarcinoma no matter whether with EGFR gene mutation or not.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Zheng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Sile Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Junmi Lu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuyuan Wen
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Songqing Fan
- Department of Pathology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus Infection in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060759. [PMID: 31159203 PMCID: PMC6627930 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous investigations proposed a link between the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and lung cancer (LC), but the results are highly controversial largely due to the insufficient sample size and the inherent limitation of the traditional viral screening methods such as PCR. Unlike PCR, current next-generation sequencing (NGS) utilizes an unbiased method for the global assessment of all exogenous agents within a cancer sample with high sensitivity and specificity. In our current study, we aim to resolve this long-standing controversy by utilizing our unbiased NGS-based informatics approaches in conjunction with traditional molecular methods to investigate the role of EBV in a total of 1127 LC. In situ hybridization analysis of 110 LC and 10 normal lung samples detected EBV transcripts in 3 LC samples. Comprehensive virome analyses of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data sets from 1017 LC and 110 paired adjacent normal lung specimens revealed EBV transcripts in three lung squamous cell carcinoma and one lung adenocarcinoma samples. In the sample with the highest EBV coverage, transcripts from the BamHI A region accounted for the majority of EBV reads. Expression of EBNA-1, LMP-1 and LMP-2 was observed. A number of viral circular RNA candidates were also detected. Thus, we for the first time revealed a type II latency-like viral transcriptome in the setting of LC in vivo. The high-level expression of viral BamHI A transcripts in LC suggests a functional role of these transcripts, likely as long non-coding RNA. Analyses of cellular gene expression and stained tissue sections indicated an increased immune cell infiltration in the sample expressing high levels of EBV transcripts compared to samples expressing low EBV transcripts. Increased level of immune checkpoint blockade factors was also detected in the sample with higher levels of EBV transcripts, indicating an induced immune tolerance. Lastly, inhibition of immune pathways and activation of oncogenic pathways were detected in the sample with high EBV transcripts compared to the EBV-low LC indicating the direct regulation of cancer pathways by EBV. Taken together, our data support the notion that EBV likely plays a pathological role in a subset of LC.
Collapse
|
18
|
Wang L, Sun W, Zhou K, Zhang M, Bao P. Spatial Analysis of Built Environment Risk for Respiratory Health and Its Implication for Urban Planning: A Case Study of Shanghai. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16081455. [PMID: 31022924 PMCID: PMC6518356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16081455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Urban planning has been proven and is expected to promote public health by improving the built environment. With a focus on respiratory health, this paper explores the impact of the built environment on the incidence of lung cancer and its planning implications. While the occurrence of lung cancer is a complicated and cumulative process, it would be valuable to discover the potential risks of the built environment. Based on the data of 52,009 lung cancer cases in Shanghai, China from 2009 to 2013, this paper adopts spatial analytical methods to unravel the spatial distribution of lung cancer cases. With the assistance of geographic information system and Geo-Detector, this paper identifies certain built environments that are correlated with the distribution pattern of lung cancer cases in Shanghai, including the percentage of industrial land (which explains 28% of the cases), location factors (11%), and the percentages of cultivated land and green space (6% and 5%, respectively). Based on the quantitative study, this paper facilitates additional consideration and planning intervention measures for respiratory health such as green buffering. It is an ecological study to illustrate correlation that provides approaches for further study to unravel the causality of disease incidence and the built environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Wang
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Wenyao Sun
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Kaichen Zhou
- College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Minlu Zhang
- Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China.
| | - Pingping Bao
- Shanghai Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Shanghai 200336, China.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ma B, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Recent Studies on DNA Adducts Resulting from Human Exposure to Tobacco Smoke. TOXICS 2019; 7:E16. [PMID: 30893918 PMCID: PMC6468371 DOI: 10.3390/toxics7010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DNA adducts are believed to play a central role in the induction of cancer in cigarette smokers and are proposed as being potential biomarkers of cancer risk. We have summarized research conducted since 2012 on DNA adduct formation in smokers. A variety of DNA adducts derived from various classes of carcinogens, including aromatic amines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, tobacco-specific nitrosamines, alkylating agents, aldehydes, volatile carcinogens, as well as oxidative damage have been reported. The results are discussed with particular attention to the analytical methods used in those studies. Mass spectrometry-based methods that have higher selectivity and specificity compared to 32P-postlabeling or immunochemical approaches are preferred. Multiple DNA adducts specific to tobacco constituents have also been characterized for the first time in vitro or detected in vivo since 2012, and descriptions of those adducts are included. We also discuss common issues related to measuring DNA adducts in humans, including the development and validation of analytical methods and prevention of artifact formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Ma
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Grieshober L, Graw S, Barnett MJ, Thornquist MD, Goodman GE, Chen C, Koestler DC, Marsit CJ, Doherty JA. Methylation-derived Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Lung Cancer Risk in Heavy Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2018; 11:727-734. [PMID: 30254071 PMCID: PMC6214718 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-18-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a biomarker that indicates systemic inflammation and can be estimated using array-based DNA methylation data as methylation-derived NLR (mdNLR). We assessed the relationship between prediagnosis mdNLR and lung cancer risk in a nested case-control study in the β-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) of individuals at high risk for lung cancer due to heavy smoking or substantial occupational asbestos exposure. We matched 319 incident lung cancer cases to controls based on age at blood draw, smoking, sex, race, asbestos, enrollment year, and time at risk. We computed mdNLR using the ratio of predicted granulocyte and lymphocyte proportions derived from DNA methylation signatures in whole blood collected prior to diagnosis (median 4.4 years in cases). Mean mdNLR was higher in cases than controls (2.06 vs. 1.86, P = 0.03). Conditional logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders revealed a 21% increased risk of lung cancer per unit increase in mdNLR [OR 1.21; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.45]. A 30% increased risk of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was observed for each unit increase in mdNLR (n = 240 pairs; OR 1.30, 95% CI, 1.03-1.63), and there was no statistically significant association between mdNLR and small-cell lung cancer risk. The mdNLR-NSCLC association was most pronounced in those with asbestos exposure (n = 42 male pairs; OR 3.39; 95% CI, 1.32-8.67). A better understanding of the role of mdNLR in lung cancer etiology may improve prevention and detection of lung cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 11(11); 727-34. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Grieshober
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Stefan Graw
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Matt J Barnett
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Mark D Thornquist
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Gary E Goodman
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Chu Chen
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Carmen J Marsit
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Jennifer A Doherty
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah.
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Henley SJ, Gallaway S, Singh SD, O'Neil ME, Buchanan Lunsford N, Momin B, Richards TB. Lung Cancer Among Women in the United States. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2018; 27:1307-1316. [PMID: 30312110 PMCID: PMC6546283 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2018.7397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
November marks Lung Cancer Awareness Month, and reminds us that lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. In this brief report, we highlight CDC resources that can be used to examine the most recent data on lung cancer incidence, survival, prevalence, and mortality among women. Using the U.S. Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations tool, we report that in 2015, 104,992 new cases of lung cancer and 70,073 lung cancer deaths were reported among women in the United States. The 5-year relative survival among females diagnosed with lung cancer was 22%, and as of 2015, ∼185,759 women were living with a lung cancer diagnosis. We also describe ways CDC works to collect and disseminate quality cancer surveillance data, prevent initiation of tobacco use, promote cessation, eliminate exposure to secondhand smoke, identify and eliminate disparities, promote lung cancer screening, and help cancer survivors live longer by improving health outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Jane Henley
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shayne Gallaway
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Simple D Singh
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Mary Elizabeth O'Neil
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Buchanan Lunsford
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Behnoosh Momin
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Thomas B Richards
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jemal A, Miller KD, Ma J, Siegel RL, Fedewa SA, Islami F, Devesa SS, Thun MJ. Higher Lung Cancer Incidence in Young Women Than Young Men in the United States. N Engl J Med 2018; 378:1999-2009. [PMID: 29791813 PMCID: PMC7717174 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1715907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies showed a higher incidence of lung cancer among young women than among young men in the United States. Whether this pattern has continued in contemporary birth cohorts and, if so, whether it can be fully explained by sex differences in smoking behaviors are unknown. METHODS We examined the nationwide population-based incidence of lung cancer according to sex, race or ethnic group, age group (30 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 to 44, 45 to 49, and 50 to 54 years), year of birth (1945 to 1980), and calendar period of diagnosis (1995-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, and 2010-2014), and we calculated female-to-male incidence rate ratios. We also examined the prevalence of cigarette smoking, using data from the National Health Interview Survey from 1970 to 2016. RESULTS Over the past two decades, the age-specific incidence of lung cancer has generally decreased among both men and women 30 to 54 years of age in all races and ethnic groups, but the declines among men have been steeper. Consequently, among non-Hispanic whites, the female-to-male incidence rate ratios increased, exceeding 1.0 in the age groups of 30 to 34, 35 to 39, 40 to 44, and 45 to 49 years. For example, the female-to-male incidence rate ratio among whites 40 to 44 years of age increased from 0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.84 to 0.92) during the 1995-1999 period to 1.17 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.23) during the 2010-2014 period. The crossover in sex-specific rates occurred among non-Hispanic whites born since 1965. Sex-specific incidence rates converged among non-Hispanic blacks, Hispanics, and non-Hispanic Asians and Pacific Islanders but crossed over from a higher incidence among men to a higher incidence among women only among Hispanics. The prevalence of cigarette smoking among women born since 1965 has approached, but generally not exceeded, the prevalence among men. CONCLUSIONS The patterns of historically higher incidence rates of lung cancer among men than among women have reversed among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics born since the mid-1960s, and they are not fully explained by sex differences in smoking behaviors. Future studies are needed to identify reasons for the higher incidence of lung cancer among young women. (Funded by the American Cancer Society.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmedin Jemal
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Kimberly D Miller
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Jiemin Ma
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Rebecca L Siegel
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Stacey A Fedewa
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Farhad Islami
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Susan S Devesa
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| | - Michael J Thun
- From Surveillance and Health Services Research, American Cancer Society, Atlanta (A.J., K.D.M., J.M., R.L.S., S.A.F., F.I., M.J.T.); and the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD (S.S.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang X, Wu L, Xu Y, Zhang B, Wu X, Wang Y, Pang Z. Trends in the incidence rate of lung cancer by histological type and gender in Sichuan, China, 1995-2015: A single-center retrospective study. Thorac Cancer 2018; 9:532-541. [PMID: 29504256 PMCID: PMC5928362 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.12601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, lung cancer incidence has been increasing; however the impact of different histological types of lung cancer is not yet clear. METHODS Trends in the lung cancer incidence rate by histological type were examined based on data of 36 658 primary lung cancer patients from West China Hospital between 1995 and 2015. RESULTS The most common histological type of lung cancer in our hospital was adenocarcinoma (ADC) in both genders, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC), and small cell carcinoma (SCLC), which is consistent with general worldwide trends. The proportion of young patients with SCLC showed a downward trend. In the overall population with lung cancer, the number of elderly patients with lung cancer increased significantly, while the proportion of elderly patients increased gradually. The mean age at diagnosis also increased. The number of women with ADC increased sharply in recent years, especially in young patients, and the incidence rate in women is now greater than in men. CONCLUSION Significant increases in the number of patients with ADC and the rate of lung cancer in women over recent years were observed, indicating that research on the pathogenesis of disease in these patients is urgent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
- Department of OncologySuining Central HospitalSuiningChina
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Benxia Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Xueqian Wu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zongguo Pang
- Department of PathologyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Quan X, Gao H, Wang Z, Li J, Zhao W, Liang W, Yu Q, Guo D, Hao Z, Liu J. Epidermal growth factor receptor somatic mutation analysis in 354 Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:2131-2138. [PMID: 29434916 PMCID: PMC5776883 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide, with the highest mortality rate of all types of cancer. In the present study, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations of 354 primary patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) of Chinese ethnicity were detected following formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded specimen DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction amplification, and sanger sequencing. The total rate of occurrence of EGFR somatic mutation in these 354 patients was 48.02%. Of these detected EGFR mutations, 27.40% were located in exon 19 and 25.99% in exon 21. The most frequent mutation in exon 19 was E746-A750del (8.47%), and in exon 21, L858R (10.17%). EGFR mutation rates were significantly associated with sex [female vs. male: 60.13 vs. 38.81%; adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.07–3.51, P=0.029], age (<60 vs. ≥60; 58.62 vs. 40.67%; adjusted OR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.20–2.92; P=0.006) and histology [adenocarcinoma (ADC) vs. non-ADC; 52.76 vs. 26.56%; adjusted OR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.28–4.50; P=0.007]. The frequency of E746_A750del, Q787Q and L858R mutations were significantly different in ADC patients compared with squamous cell carcinoma patients (P<0.001). Furthermore, a novel EGFR mutation, M793K, was detected in 7 NSCLC patients with possible gefitinib resistance. The present study analyzed the EGFR exon 18–21 mutation occurrence profile for Chinese patients with NSCLC and identified significant associations between different EGFR mutations with demographic and histological factors. These results may offer clinical benefits and potential novel treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hongjun Gao
- Department of Lung Cancer, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Zhikuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, General Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, General Hospital of The Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100853, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Zhao
- Vishuo MedTech Ltd., Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Vishuo MedTech Ltd., Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Vishuo MedTech Ltd., Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | | | | | - Jingxin Liu
- Department of Medical Engineering, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sun YQ, Chen Y, Langhammer A, Skorpen F, Wu C, Mai XM. Passive smoking in relation to lung cancer incidence and histologic types in Norwegian adults: the HUNT study. Eur Respir J 2017; 50:50/4/1700824. [PMID: 29025890 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00824-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qian Sun
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health (LBK), NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yue Chen
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- Dept of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Frank Skorpen
- Dept of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health (LBK), NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Chunsen Wu
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Mei Mai
- Dept of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mariano VS, Leal LF, Pastrez PRA, Silva EM, Reis RM, Longatto-Filho A. Lung cancer samples preserved in liquid medium: One step beyond cytology. Diagn Cytopathol 2017; 45:915-921. [PMID: 28589673 DOI: 10.1002/dc.23743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the most common cancer types in men and women worldwide with a high mortality rate. World Health Organization (WHO) classification has accepted biopsy as the primary sample for lung cancer diagnosis, pathological classification and molecular testing for management of patients, yet, the use of alternative sampling procedures is highly encouraged. Bronchial cytological samples require a less invasive collection technique and may be suitable for pathological and molecular analysis and storage in liquid medium. Furthermore, the molecular analysis of bronchial cytological samples allows the detection of molecular biomarkers, which may be useful for the selection of molecular targeted therapies. Thus, the purpose of this review is to describe the usefulness of bronchial cytological samples preserved in liquid medium from lung cancer patients for pathological diagnosis and molecular investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Barretos Cancer Hospital/Pio XII Foundation, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Brazil
| | | | - Estela Maria Silva
- Barretos Cancer Hospital/Pio XII Foundation, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Brazil
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Barretos Cancer Hospital/Pio XII Foundation, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Brazil.,Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - Associated Laboratory to the Government of Portugal, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Adhemar Longatto-Filho
- Barretos Cancer Hospital/Pio XII Foundation, Molecular Oncology Research Center, Brazil.,Research Institute of Life and Health Sciences (ICVS), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - Associated Laboratory to the Government of Portugal, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,Medical Laboratory of Medical Investigation (LIM) 14, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Peterson LA. Context Matters: Contribution of Specific DNA Adducts to the Genotoxic Properties of the Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine NNK. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:420-433. [PMID: 28092943 PMCID: PMC5473167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potent pulmonary carcinogen in laboratory animals. It is classified as a Group 1 human carcinogen by the International Agency for Cancer Research. NNK is bioactivated upon cytochrome P450 catalyzed hydroxylation of the carbon atoms adjacent to the nitrosamino group to both methylating and pyridyloxobutylating agents. Both pathways generate a spectrum of DNA damage that contributes to the overall mutagenic and toxic properties of this compound. NNK is also reduced to form 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), which is also carcinogenic. Like NNK, NNAL requires metabolic activation to DNA alkylating agents. Methyl hydroxylation of NNAL generates pyridylhydroxybutyl DNA adducts, and methylene hydroxylation leads to DNA methyl adducts. The consequence of this complex metabolism is that NNK generates a vast spectrum of DNA damage, any form of which can contribute to the overall carcinogenic properties of this potent pulmonary carcinogen. This Perspective reviews the chemistry and genotoxic properties of the collection of DNA adducts formed from NNK. In addition, it provides evidence that multiple adducts contribute to the overall carcinogenic properties of this chemical. The adduct that contributes to the genotoxic effects of NNK depends on the context, such as the relative amounts of each DNA alkylating pathway occurring in the model system, the levels and genetic variants of key repair enzymes, and the gene targeted for mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center and Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lin YW, Wang SS, Wen YC, Tung MC, Lee LM, Yang SF, Chien MH. Genetic Variations of Melatonin Receptor Type 1A are Associated with the Clinicopathologic Development of Urothelial Cell Carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:1130-1135. [PMID: 29104467 PMCID: PMC5666544 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin counteracts tumor occurrence and tumor cell progression in several cancer types in vitro and in vivo. It acts predominantly through its melatonin receptor type 1A (MTNR1A), and genetic variations of MTNR1A affect the susceptibility several diseases and cancer. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of MTNR1A gene polymorphisms on the susceptibility to and clinicopathological characteristics of urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC). We recruited 272 patients with UCC and 272 normal controls to analyze three common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2119882, rs13140012, and rs6553010) of MTNR1A related to cancer risk and clinicopathological relevance according to a TaqMan-based real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We found that these three SNPs of MTNR1A were not associated with UCC susceptibility. However, patients with UCC who had at least one G allele of MTNR1A rs6553010 (in intron 1) were at higher risk (1.768-fold, 95% confidence interval: 1.068~1.849) of developing an invasive stage (p < 0.026), compared to those patients with AA homozygotes. In conclusion, polymorphic genotypes of rs6553010 of MTNR1A might contribute to the ability to predict aggressive phenotypes of UCC. This is the first study to provide insights into risk factors associated with intronic MTNR1A variants in the clinicopathologic development of UCC in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Wei Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Wen
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Che Tung
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Ming Lee
- Department of Urology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chien
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Noone AM, Cronin KA, Altekruse SF, Howlader N, Lewis DR, Petkov VI, Penberthy L. Cancer Incidence and Survival Trends by Subtype Using Data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program, 1992-2013. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 26:632-641. [PMID: 27956436 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-16-0520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancers are heterogeneous, comprising distinct tumor subtypes. Therefore, presenting the burden of cancer in the population and trends over time by these tumor subtypes is important to identify patterns and differences in the occurrence of these subtypes, especially to generalize findings to the U.S. general population.Methods: Using SEER Cancer Registry Data, we present incidence rates according to subtypes for diagnosis years (1992-2013) among men and women for five major cancer sites: breast (female only), esophagus, kidney and renal pelvis, lung and bronchus, and thyroid. We also describe estimates of 5-year relative survival according to subtypes and diagnosis year (1992-2008). We used Joinpoint models to identify years when incidence rate trends changed slope. Finally, recent 5-year age-adjusted incidence rates (2009-2013) are presented for each subtype by race and age.Results: Hormone receptor-positive and HER2-negative was the most common subtype (about 74%) of breast cancers. Adenocarcinoma made up about 69% of esophagus cases among men. Adenocarcinoma also is the most common lung subtype (43% in men and 52% in women). Ninety percent of thyroid subtypes were papillary. Distinct incidence and survival patterns emerged by these subtypes over time among men and women.Conclusions: Histologic or molecular subtype revealed different incidence and/or survival trends that are masked when cancer is considered as a single disease on the basis of anatomic site.Impact: Presenting incidence and survival trends by subtype, whenever possible, is critical to provide more detailed and meaningful data to patients, providers, and the public. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 632-41. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Michelle Noone
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
| | - Kathleen A Cronin
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sean F Altekruse
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nadia Howlader
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise R Lewis
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Valentina I Petkov
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lynne Penberthy
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Habib OS, Al-Asadi JN, Hussein OG. Lung cancer in Basrah, Iraq during 2005-2012. Incidence and time trend. Saudi Med J 2016; 37:1214-1219. [PMID: 27761559 PMCID: PMC5303798 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.11.16269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the incidence rate of lung cancer and its time trend in Basrah during 2005-2012. Methods: This was a cancer registry-based retrospective study including all Basrah inhabitant patients diagnosed with primary lung cancer during the period from January 2005 to December 2012. The crude incidence rate was calculated in addition to the age standardized incidence rate (ASIR)/100,000 using the world standard population. Results: Out of 746 registered cases of lung cancer in Basrah, 75.9% were males and 24.1% were females with a male: female gender ratio of 3.1:1. The crude incidence rate was 3.93/100,000 (5.89/100,000 for males and 1.93/100,000 for females). The ASIR was 8.25/100,000 (13.30/100,000 for males and 4.08/100,000 for females). The time trend showed a decrease in incidence rate in the last 2 years (2011 and 2012) compared with the preceding years. Conclusion: The incidence rate of lung cancer in Basrah did not differ greatly from that reported for some Arab and neighboring countries. No definite time trend could be identified apart from a tendency for the incidence rate to decline in 2011 and 2012.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omran S Habib
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq. E-mail.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Coffa BG, Coggins CRE, Werley MS, Oldham MJ, Fariss MW. Chemical, physical, and in vitro characterization of research cigarettes containing denicotinized tobacco. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79:64-73. [PMID: 27181452 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of very low nicotine tobacco cigarettes is currently being investigated as a possible harm reduction strategy. Here, we report the smoke chemistry, toxicity, and physical characteristics of very low nicotine cigarettes that were made using blended tobacco processed through a supercritical CO2 fluid extraction, which resulted in elimination of 96% of nicotine content (denicotinized (denic) tobacco). Three types of test cigarettes (TCs) were manufactured with tobacco filler containing 100% denic tobacco (TC100), 50% denic tobacco and 50% unextracted tobacco (TC50/50), and 100% unextracted tobacco (TC0). Mainstream smoke (MS) was generated for measurement of 46 analytes and cytotoxicity and mutagenicity determination. Analysis of physical characteristics of TCs demonstrated they were well made with <5% variability among cigarettes for most parameters measured. We observed significant changes in the levels of smoke constituents, including decreases in formaldehyde, nitrosamines, and phenol, and increases in aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic nitrogen compounds, aromatic amines, halogen compounds, and metals. Use of denic tobacco resulted in changes in the chemical composition of MS, but these changes did not modify biological activity as measured in the mutagenicity and cytotoxicity assays.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ho GYF, Zheng SL, Cushman M, Perez-Soler R, Kim M, Xue X, Wang T, Schlecht NF, Tinker L, Rohan TE, Wassertheil-Smoller S, Wallace R, Chen C, Xu J, Yu H. Associations of Insulin and IGFBP-3 with Lung Cancer Susceptibility in Current Smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw012. [PMID: 27071409 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling network is involved in lung carcinogenesis. This study examined whether ligands that activate or suppress the EGFR signaling network were associated with lung cancer risk in ever smokers. METHODS A nested case-control study within the Women's Health Initiative assessed baseline plasma levels of insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, interleukin (IL)-6, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF) in 1143 ever-smoking lung cancer cases and 1143 controls. Leptin was measured as an adiposity biomarker. Conditional logistic regression was used in data analyses. RESULTS Leptin was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (odds ratio [ORcontinuous] per Ln [pg/mL] = 0.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.74 to 0.98). After adjusting for adiposity and other risk factors, null associations were found for IL-6, HGF, and NGF. In current smokers, but not former smokers, high insulin levels were associated with increased lung cancer risk (OR for 4th quartile vs others [ORq4] = 2.06, 95% CI = 1.30 to 3.26) whereas IGFBP-3 had a linear inverse association (ORcontinuous per μg/mL = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.41 to 0.98). The insulin association was consistent across subgroups defined by body mass index and histological type, but the IGFBP-3 association was specific to small cell lung cancer. There was a modest positive association between IGF-1 and lung cancer risk in current smokers (ORq4 = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.90 to 2.29). CONCLUSIONS Independent of obesity, high insulin levels but reduced levels of IGFBP-3 were associated with increased lung cancer risk in current smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y F Ho
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Siqun L Zheng
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Mary Cushman
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Roman Perez-Soler
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Mimi Kim
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Tao Wang
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Nicolas F Schlecht
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Thomas E Rohan
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Robert Wallace
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Chu Chen
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Jianfeng Xu
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| | - Herbert Yu
- Affiliations of authors:Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology & Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health; Hofstra-Northwell School of Medicine , Great Neck, NY (GYFH); Department of Epidemiology and Population Health (GYFH, MK, XX, TW, NFS, TER, SWS) and Department of Medicine (RPS, NFS), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine Research, Wake Forest University , Winston-Salem, NC (SLZ); Departments of Medicine & Pathology, University of Vermont , Burlington, VT (MC); Public Health Sciences Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center , Seattle, WA (LT, CC); Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa , Iowa City, IA (RW); NorthShore University HealthSystem , Evanston, IL (JX); University of Hawaii Cancer Center , Honolulu, HI (HY)
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Measuring and Validating a General Cancer Predisposition Perception Scale: An Adaptation of the Revised-IPQ-Genetic Predisposition Scale. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142620. [PMID: 26559191 PMCID: PMC4641658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Illness perceptions are linked to individual help-seeking and preventive behaviors. Previous illness perception studies have identified five dimensions of illness-related experience and behaviour. The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) for genetic predisposition (IPQ-R-GP) was developed to measure illness perceptions in those genetically-predisposed to blood disease. We adapted the IPQ-R-GP to measure perceptions of generalized cancer predisposition. This paper describes the development and validation of the Cancer Predisposition Perception Scale (CPPS). Methods The draft CPPS scale was first administered to 167 well Hepatitis B carriers and 123 other healthy individuals and the factor structure was examined using Exploratory Factor Analysis. Then the factor structure was confirmed in a second sample comprising 148 healthy controls, 150 smokers and 152 passive smokers using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Results Six-factors comprising 26 items provided optimal fit by eigen and scree-plot methods, accounting for 58.9% of the total variance. CFA indicated good fit of the six-factor model after further excluding three items. The six factors, Emotional representation (5 items), Illness coherence (4 items), Treatment control (3 items), Consequences (5 items), Internal locus of control (2 items) and External locus of control (4 items) demonstrated adequate-to-good subscale internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.63–0.90). Divergent validity was suggested by low correlations with optimism, self-efficacy, and scales for measuring physical and psychological health symptoms. Conclusion The CPPS appears to be a valid measure of perceived predisposition to generic cancer risks and can be used to examine cancer-risk-related cognitions in individuals at higher and lower cancer risk.
Collapse
|
34
|
Park E, Cho S, Lee JE, Lee SM, Kim Y, Go MS, Kim YJ, Jung IK, Auh JH, Choi HK, Kim JH. Effects of Korean black raspberry supplementation on oxidative stress and plasma antioxidant capacity in healthy male smokers. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
|
35
|
CYP1A1 Ile462Val polymorphism as a risk factor in cervical cancer development in the Polish population. Mol Diagn Ther 2015; 18:445-50. [PMID: 24626963 PMCID: PMC4105588 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-014-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective There are inconsistent data of the cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) Ile462Val (rs1048943) single nuclear polymorphism (SNP) as a genetic susceptibility factor for cervical cancer in various populations. Moreover, little is known about the interaction of this SNP with other risk factors, including contraceptive use, postmenopausal status, parity, and tobacco smoking. Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to study the prevalence of the CYP1A1 Ile462Val SNP in women with cervical cancer (n = 456) and controls (n = 495). Results Logistic regression analysis adjusting for age, parity, oral contraceptive use, tobacco smoking, and menopausal status demonstrated that that the CYP1A1 Ile/Val polymorphism was not associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer in all patients. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for patients with the Ile/Val genotype vs. Ile/Ile genotype was 1.539 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.932–2.541, p = 0.091). However, an increase in cervical cancer risk was seen among patients with a positive history of tobacco smoking and parity. The adjusted OR for positive history of tobacco smoking with the Ile/Val vs. Ile/Ile genotypes was 2.978 (95 % CI 1.382–6.418, p = 0.0052). The adjusted OR for parity with the Ile/Val vs. Ile/Ile genotype was 1.739 (95 % CI 1.006–3.009, p = 0.0472). Conclusion Our genetic study suggests that the CYP1A1 Ile462Val SNP may be a risk factor for cervical cancer among patients with a positive history of tobacco smoking and parity.
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang Z, Lin F, Qin B, Liang Y, Zhong R. Polymyositis/dermatomyositis and malignancy risk: a metaanalysis study. J Rheumatol 2014; 42:282-91. [PMID: 25448790 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.140566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between polymyositis (PM)/dermatomyositis (DM) and risks of malignancy. METHODS We searched Pubmed for articles dated before August 16, 2013. Studies were included if they met the following criteria: (1) a cohort or observational study; (2) PM or DM as one of the exposures of interest; (3) cancer as an outcome of interest; and (4) the rate ratio (RR) or standardized incidence ratio (SIR) were available with their 95% CI. We used random-effects or fixed-effects models to calculate the pooled RR according to the heterogeneity test. RESULTS Twenty publications were included. Compared with the general population, the pooled RR for patients with PM, DM, and PM/DM were 1.62 (95% CI 1.19-2.04), 5.50 (4.31-6.70), and 4.07 (3.02-5.12), respectively. The increased risks were more significant in patients within the first year of myositis diagnosis, male patients, and population-based studies (for DM). A significant association was also found between PM or DM and most site-specific malignancies. However, both PM and DM were not associated with stomach and prostate cancers. Significant heterogeneity was found between studies on association between PM/DM and overall malignancy, but not between PM/DM and the majority of site-specific malignancies, suggesting that that inherent malignancy difference may be a major source of heterogeneity. CONCLUSION The present metaanalysis indicates that PM and DM are significantly associated with increased risks of overall malignancy and most site-specific malignancies. The number of studies on association between PM or DM and some malignancies is too small to draw a firm conclusion. Accordingly, more research is needed for these malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zaixing Yang
- From the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai; the Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Z. Yang, MD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; F. Lin, MD, Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital; B. Qin, MD; Y. Liang, MD; R. Zhong, PhD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Feng Lin
- From the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai; the Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Z. Yang, MD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; F. Lin, MD, Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital; B. Qin, MD; Y. Liang, MD; R. Zhong, PhD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Baodong Qin
- From the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai; the Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Z. Yang, MD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; F. Lin, MD, Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital; B. Qin, MD; Y. Liang, MD; R. Zhong, PhD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Yan Liang
- From the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai; the Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Z. Yang, MD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; F. Lin, MD, Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital; B. Qin, MD; Y. Liang, MD; R. Zhong, PhD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University.
| | - Renqian Zhong
- From the Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai; the Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.Z. Yang, MD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University; F. Lin, MD, Department of General Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital; B. Qin, MD; Y. Liang, MD; R. Zhong, PhD, Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kong J, Xu F, He M, Chen K, Qian B. The incidence of lung cancer by histological type: A population-based study in Tianjin, China during 1981-2005. Respirology 2014; 19:1222-8. [PMID: 25168588 DOI: 10.1111/resp.12373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Kong
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education; Tianjin China
| | - Fangxiu Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education; Tianjin China
| | - Min He
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education; Tianjin China
| | - Kexin Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education; Tianjin China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education; Tianjin China
- School of Public Health; Shanghai Jiao Tong University; Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lewis DR, Check DP, Caporaso NE, Travis WD, Devesa SS. US lung cancer trends by histologic type. Cancer 2014; 120:2883-92. [PMID: 25113306 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer incidence rates overall are declining in the United States. This study investigated the trends by histologic type and demographic characteristics. METHODS Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program rates of microscopically confirmed lung cancer overall and squamous cell, small cell, adenocarcinoma, large cell, other, and unspecified carcinomas among US whites and blacks diagnosed from 1977 to 2010 and white non-Hispanics, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and white Hispanics diagnosed from 1992 to 2010 were analyzed by sex and age. RESULTS Squamous and small cell carcinoma rates declined since the 1990s, although less rapidly among females than males. Adenocarcinoma rates decreased among males and only through 2005, after which they then rose during 2006 to 2010 among every racial/ethnic/sex group; rates for unspecified type declined. Male/female rate ratios declined among whites and blacks more than among other groups. Recent rates among young females were higher than among males for adenocarcinoma among all racial/ethnic groups and for other specified carcinomas among whites. CONCLUSIONS US lung cancer trends vary by sex, histologic type, racial/ethnic group, and age, reflecting historical cigarette smoking rates, duration, cessation, cigarette composition, and exposure to other carcinogens. Substantial excesses among males have diminished and higher rates of adenocarcinoma among young females have emerged as rates among males declined more rapidly. The recognition of EGFR mutation and ALK rearrangements that occur primarily in adenocarcinomas are the primary basis for the molecular revolution that has transformed lung cancer diagnosis and treatment over the past decade, and these changes have affected recent type-specific trends.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denise Riedel Lewis
- Surveillance Research Program, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Vogl TJ, Shafinaderi M, Zangos S, Lindemayr S, Vatankhah K. Regional chemotherapy of the lung: transpulmonary chemoembolization in malignant lung tumors. Semin Intervent Radiol 2014; 30:176-84. [PMID: 24436534 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1342959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Standard treatment options in patients with lung cancer and pulmonary metastases are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. For reducing clinical complications of surgery and achieving a better local response, transpulmonary chemoembolization of the lungs is a possible interventional technique in which anticancer drugs are administered directly into a tumor through its feeding vessels followed by occlusive agents that are injected through the delivery catheter for blocking the vessel. This allows a longer contact period in the tumor with a higher cytostatic drug concentration. The technique is safe and results present promising local response rates, but the influence on survival is still questionable. This article describes the current role of intravascular therapies in the treatment of pulmonary malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Vogl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mohammad Shafinaderi
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Zangos
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lindemayr
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Khashayar Vatankhah
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kathuria H, Gesthalter Y, Spira A, Brody JS, Steiling K. Updates and controversies in the rapidly evolving field of lung cancer screening, early detection, and chemoprevention. Cancers (Basel) 2014; 6:1157-79. [PMID: 24840047 PMCID: PMC4074822 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6021157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Cigarette smoking is a well-recognized risk factor for lung cancer, and a sustained elevation of lung cancer risk persists even after smoking cessation. Despite identifiable risk factors, there has been minimal improvement in mortality for patients with lung cancer primarily stemming from diagnosis at a late stage when there are few effective therapeutic options. Early detection of lung cancer and effective screening of high-risk individuals may help improve lung cancer mortality. While low dose computerized tomography (LDCT) screening of high risk smokers has been shown to reduce lung cancer mortality, the high rates of false positives and potential for over-diagnosis have raised questions on how to best implement lung cancer screening. The rapidly evolving field of lung cancer screening and early-detection biomarkers may ultimately improve the ability to diagnose lung cancer in its early stages, identify smokers at highest-risk for this disease, and target chemoprevention strategies. This review aims to provide an overview of the opportunities and challenges related to lung cancer screening, the field of biomarker development for early lung cancer detection, and the future of lung cancer chemoprevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasmeena Kathuria
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Yaron Gesthalter
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Avrum Spira
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Jerome S Brody
- The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Katrina Steiling
- Division of Computational Biomedicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Cai X, Sheng J, Tang C, Nandakumar V, Ye H, Ji H, Tang H, Qin Y, Guan H, Lou F, Zhang D, Sun H, Dong H, Zhang G, Liu Z, Dong Z, Guo B, Yan H, Yan C, Wang L, Su Z, Li Y, Jones L, Huang XF, Chen SY, Wu T, Lin H. Frequent mutations in EGFR, KRAS and TP53 genes in human lung cancer tumors detected by ion torrent DNA sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95228. [PMID: 24760004 PMCID: PMC3997391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. While smoking is by far the leading cause of lung cancer, other environmental and genetic factors influence the development and progression of the cancer. Since unique mutations patterns have been observed in individual cancer samples, identification and characterization of the distinctive lung cancer molecular profile is essential for developing more effective, tailored therapies. Until recently, personalized DNA sequencing to identify genetic mutations in cancer was impractical and expensive. The recent technological advancements in next-generation DNA sequencing, such as the semiconductor-based Ion Torrent sequencing platform, has made DNA sequencing cost and time effective with more reliable results. Using the Ion Torrent Ampliseq Cancer Panel, we sequenced 737 loci from 45 cancer-related genes to identify genetic mutations in 76 human lung cancer samples. The sequencing analysis revealed missense mutations in KRAS, EGFR, and TP53 genes in the breast cancer samples of various histologic types. Thus, this study demonstrates the necessity of sequencing individual human cancers in order to develop personalized drugs or combination therapies to effectively target individual, breast cancer-specific mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jianhui Sheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | | | - Vijayalakshmi Nandakumar
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Hua Ye
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Ji
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Haiying Tang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongwei Guan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Lou
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Sun
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Haichao Dong
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | | | - Zhiyuan Liu
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Zhishou Dong
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Baishuai Guo
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - He Yan
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Chaowei Yan
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyi Su
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- San Valley Biotechnology Incorporated, Beijing, China
| | - Lindsey Jones
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Xue F. Huang
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Si-Yi Chen
- Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Taihua Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hongli Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Tan X, Jin P, Feng L, Song J, Sun E, Liu W, Shu L, Jia X. Protective effect of luteolin on cigarette smoke extract-induced cellular toxicity and apoptosis in normal human bronchial epithelial cells via the Nrf2 pathway. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:1855-62. [PMID: 24481824 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Luteolin, one of the most common abundant flavonoids in vegetables and herbs, has antitumor effects on various tumors by inducing apoptosis, antioxidant effects and inhibition of angiogenesis. However, the potential chemoprevention of luteolin on lung cell damage and its related mechanism(s) are not fully known. The present study evaluated the protective effects of luteolin on cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced toxicity and apoptosis in normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and explored its underlying mechanism(s). MTT assay showed that pretreatment with luteolin increased CSE-decreased cell viability (p<0.05). Luteolin increased cellular glutathione (GSH) levels but decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation (p<0.05). Cytometry assay and western blot analysis showed that luteolin attenuated CSE-induced apoptosis and apoptosis‑related protein activation, including caspase‑3, -8 and -9 (p<0.05). The expression of CSE-induced NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) were decreased significantly by luteolin (p<0.05). Furthermore, luteolin attenuated CSE-induced apoptosis, noticeably reduced CSE-induced expression of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), NQO1 and HO-1 using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection assay. The data demonstrated that CSE-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis through the Nrf2 pathway was inhibited by luteolin and it may serve as a chemopreventive agent for the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Tan
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Ping Jin
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - E Sun
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Luan Shu
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Vavalà T, Giaj Levra M, Novello S. Lung cancer in never smokers: a different disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13665-013-0071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
44
|
Yuan JM, Butler LM, Stepanov I, Hecht SS. Urinary tobacco smoke-constituent biomarkers for assessing risk of lung cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:401-11. [PMID: 24408916 PMCID: PMC4066207 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco-constituent biomarkers are metabolites of specific compounds present in tobacco or tobacco smoke. Highly reliable analytic methods, based mainly on mass spectrometry, have been developed for quantitation of these biomarkers in both urine and blood specimens. There is substantial interindividual variation in smoking-related lung cancer risk that is determined in part by individual variability in the uptake and metabolism of tobacco smoke carcinogens. Thus, by incorporating these biomarkers in epidemiologic studies, we can potentially obtain a more valid and precise measure of in vivo carcinogen dose than by using self-reported smoking history, ultimately improving the estimation of smoking-related lung cancer risk. Indeed, we have demonstrated this by using a prospective study design comparing biomarker levels in urine samples collected from smokers many years before their development of cancer versus those in their smoking counterparts without a cancer diagnosis. The following urinary metabolites were associated with lung cancer risk, independent of smoking intensity and duration: cotinine plus its glucuronide, a biomarker of nicotine uptake; 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides (total NNAL), a biomarker of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK); and r-1-,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT), a biomarker of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results provide several possible new directions for using tobacco smoke-constituent biomarkers in lung cancer prevention, including improved lung cancer risk assessment, intermediate outcome determination in prevention trials, and regulation of tobacco products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Min Yuan
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15232
| | - Lesley M. Butler
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA15232
| | - Irina Stepanov
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
Smoking is the second leading cause of preventable death in the United States. Cohort epidemiological studies have demonstrated that women are more vulnerable to cigarette-smoking induced diseases than their male counterparts, however, the molecular basis of these differences has remained unknown. In this study, we explored if there were differences in the gene expression patterns between male and female smokers, and how these patterns might reflect different sex-specific responses to the stress of smoking. Using whole genome microarray gene expression profiling, we found that a substantial number of oxidant related genes were expressed in both male and female smokers, however, smoking-responsive genes did indeed differ greatly between male and female smokers. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) against reference oncogenic signature gene sets identified a large number of oncogenic pathway gene-sets that were significantly altered in female smokers compared to male smokers. In addition, functional annotation with Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified smoking-correlated genes associated with biological functions in male and female smokers that are directly relevant to well-known smoking related pathologies. However, these relevant biological functions were strikingly overrepresented in female smokers compared to male smokers. IPA network analysis with the functional categories of immune and inflammatory response gene products suggested potential interactions between smoking response and female hormones. Our results demonstrate a striking dichotomy between male and female gene expression responses to smoking. This is the first genome-wide expression study to compare the sex-specific impacts of smoking at a molecular level and suggests a novel potential connection between sex hormone signaling and smoking-induced diseases in female smokers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunirmal Paul
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY ; Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center RUTGERS, Newark, NJ
| | - Sally A Amundson
- Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
A multicountry ecological study of cancer incidence rates in 2008 with respect to various risk-modifying factors. Nutrients 2013; 6:163-89. [PMID: 24379012 PMCID: PMC3916854 DOI: 10.3390/nu6010163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational and ecological studies are generally used to determine the presence of effect of cancer risk-modifying factors. Researchers generally agree that environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, poor diet, lack of physical activity, and low serum 25-hdyroxyvitamin D levels are important cancer risk factors. This ecological study used age-adjusted incidence rates for 21 cancers for 157 countries (87 with high-quality data) in 2008 with respect to dietary supply and other factors, including per capita gross domestic product, life expectancy, lung cancer incidence rate (an index for smoking), and latitude (an index for solar ultraviolet-B doses). The factors found to correlate strongly with multiple types of cancer were lung cancer (direct correlation with 12 types of cancer), energy derived from animal products (direct correlation with 12 types of cancer, inverse with two), latitude (direct correlation with six types, inverse correlation with three), and per capita gross national product (five types). Life expectancy and sweeteners directly correlated with three cancers, animal fat with two, and alcohol with one. Consumption of animal products correlated with cancer incidence with a lag time of 15–25 years. Types of cancer which correlated strongly with animal product consumption, tended to correlate weakly with latitude; this occurred for 11 cancers for the entire set of countries. Regression results were somewhat different for the 87 high-quality country data set and the 157-country set. Single-country ecological studies have inversely correlated nearly all of these cancers with solar ultraviolet-B doses. These results can provide guidance for prevention of cancer.
Collapse
|
47
|
Al-Zoughool M, Pintos J, Richardson L, Parent MÉ, Ghadirian P, Krewski D, Siemiatycki J. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and risk of lung cancer in Montreal: a case-control study. Environ Health 2013; 12:112. [PMID: 24345091 PMCID: PMC3881495 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of the present study was to examine the association between environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and risk of lung cancer among never smokers, defined as subjects who smoked less than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime. METHODS We conducted a population-based case-control study on lung cancer in Montreal, Canada (1996-2000) including 1,203 cases and 1513 controls. The present analysis is restricted to the 44 cases and 436 population controls who reported never smoking and completed the questionnaire on lifetime ETS exposure. Collected information included duration and intensity of exposure from multiple sources: inside home (parents, spouses, roommates and any other co-resident) and outside homes (in vehicles, social settings, and workplace). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated between ETS and lung cancer, adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic status (SES), and proxy respondent. RESULTS Overall there was no association between ETS cumulative exposure from all sources (measured in pack-years) and lung cancer: OR = 0.98 (95%CI: 0.40-2.38), comparing upper with lower tertiles of exposure. While there were no elevated ORs associated with ever having lived with parents who smoked (OR = 0.62; 95%CI: 0.32-1.21) or with spouses who smoked (OR = 0.39; 95%CI: 0.18-0.85), ETS exposure from sources outside homes was associated with a slight, although non-significant increased risk: OR = 2.30 (95%CI: 0.85-6.19) for the upper 50% exposed. There were no clear differences in ORs by age at exposure to ETS or by histologic type of tumour, though numbers of subjects in subgroup analyses were too small to provide reliable estimates. CONCLUSION No clear association between lifetime ETS exposure from all sources and increased risk of lung cancer was found in the current study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Al-Zoughool
- McLaughlin Center of Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Javier Pintos
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lesley Richardson
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Parviz Ghadirian
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Krewski
- McLaughlin Center of Population Health Risk Assessment, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jack Siemiatycki
- Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Levy DT, Huang AT, Currie LM, Clancy L. The benefits from complying with the framework convention on tobacco control: a SimSmoke analysis of 15 European nations. Health Policy Plan 2013; 29:1031-42. [PMID: 24262281 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czt085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This article compares the predicted impact of tobacco tax increases alone and as part of a comprehensive tobacco control strategy on smoking prevalence and smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) across 15 European countries. METHODS Country-specific population, smoking prevalence and policy data with modified parameter values have been applied to the previously validated SimSmoke model for 10 high-income and 5 middle-income European nations. The impact of past and potential future policies is modelled. RESULTS Models generally validated well across the 15 countries, and showed the impact of past policies. Without stronger future policies, 44 million lives would be lost due to smoking across the 15 study countries between 2011 and 2040, but effective policies could avert 7.7 million of those premature deaths. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that past policies have been effective in reducing smoking rates, but there is also a strong potential for future policies consistent with the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. When specific taxes are increased to 70% of retail price, strong smoke-free air laws, youth access laws and marketing restrictions are enforced, stronger health warnings are implemented, and cessation treatment and media campaigns are supported, smoking prevalence and SADs will fall substantially in European countries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David T Levy
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland and TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - An-Tsun Huang
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland and TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Laura M Currie
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland and TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin 8, Ireland Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland and TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Luke Clancy
- Cancer Prevention & Control Program, Department of Oncology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland and TobaccoFree Research Institute Ireland, Dublin 8, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bhaskarapillai B, Kumar SS, Balasubramanian S. Lung cancer in Malabar Cancer Center in Kerala--a descriptive analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:4639-43. [PMID: 23167394 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.9.4639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The burden of lung cancer in terms of mortality is the highest among all types of cancers globally. The present study aimed to evaluate lifestyle related habits, clinico-pathological profile and treatment details of lung cancer patients who were registered at Malabar Cancer Centre (MCC), Kerala, during the calendar year 2010. A retrospective evaluation was made from medical records to gather data from 281 registered lung cancer cases in 241 males and 40 females, with a male to female ratio of 6.03: 1. Approximately 89% of the cases were above 50 years of age. Among males about 91% of the cases were smokers and 62% of them had a chronic smoking habit. Adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, non-small cell carcinomas and small cell cancers accounted for 10.7, 13.9, 17.0 and 5.7% respectively. Out of 281 cases around 67% were diagnosed with distant metastasis and the remainder had regional lymph node involvement. However, no statistically significant difference was observed for secondary site of tumor according to gender. As majority of the cases reported at MCC were in an advanced stage of the disease, histology of the secondary site from supraclavicular lymph nodes or liver was taken for diagnosis. Initiation of population based screening for early detection of cancer, and primary and secondary prevention strategies for reducing the prevalence of tobacco consumption are high priorities to reduce the lung cancer burden in Kerala.
Collapse
|
50
|
Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D, Freedman ND, Prentice R, Lopez AD, Hartge P, Gapstur SM. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:351-64. [PMID: 23343064 PMCID: PMC3632080 DOI: 10.1056/nejmsa1211127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 757] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disease risks from cigarette smoking increased in the United States over most of the 20th century, first among male smokers and later among female smokers. Whether these risks have continued to increase during the past 20 years is unclear. METHODS We measured temporal trends in mortality across three time periods (1959-1965, 1982-1988, and 2000-2010), comparing absolute and relative risks according to sex and self-reported smoking status in two historical cohort studies and in five pooled contemporary cohort studies, among participants who became 55 years of age or older during follow-up. RESULTS For women who were current smokers, as compared with women who had never smoked, the relative risks of death from lung cancer were 2.73, 12.65, and 25.66 in the 1960s, 1980s, and contemporary cohorts, respectively; corresponding relative risks for male current smokers, as compared with men who had never smoked, were 12.22, 23.81, and 24.97. In the contemporary cohorts, male and female current smokers also had similar relative risks for death from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (25.61 for men and 22.35 for women), ischemic heart disease (2.50 for men and 2.86 for women), any type of stroke (1.92 for men and 2.10 for women), and all causes combined (2.80 for men and 2.76 for women). Mortality from COPD among male smokers continued to increase in the contemporary cohorts in nearly all the age groups represented in the study and within each stratum of duration and intensity of smoking. Among men 55 to 74 years of age and women 60 to 74 years of age, all-cause mortality was at least three times as high among current smokers as among those who had never smoked. Smoking cessation at any age dramatically reduced death rates. CONCLUSIONS The risk of death from cigarette smoking continues to increase among women and the increased risks are now nearly identical for men and women, as compared with persons who have never smoked. Among men, the risks associated with smoking have plateaued at the high levels seen in the 1980s, except for a continuing, unexplained increase in mortality from COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Thun
- Department of Epidemiology, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA 30303-1002, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|