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Bergosh M, Medvidovic S, Zepeda N, Crown L, Ipe J, Debattista L, Romero L, Amjadi E, Lam T, Hakopian E, Choi W, Wu K, Lo JYT, Lee DJ. Immediate and long-term electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant-like behavioral effects after subanesthetic ketamine and medial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation treatment. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1389096. [PMID: 38966758 PMCID: PMC11222339 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1389096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both ketamine (KET) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) are emerging therapies for treatment-resistant depression, yet our understanding of their electrophysiological mechanisms and biomarkers is incomplete. This study investigates aperiodic and periodic spectral parameters, and the signal complexity measure sample entropy, within mPFC local field potentials (LFP) in a chronic corticosterone (CORT) depression model after ketamine and/or mPFC DBS. Methods Male rats were intraperitoneally administered CORT or vehicle for 21 days. Over the last 7 days, animals receiving CORT were treated with mPFC DBS, KET, both, or neither; then tested across an array of behavioral tasks for 9 days. Results We found that the depression-like behavioral and weight effects of CORT correlated with a decrease in aperiodic-adjusted theta power (5-10 Hz) and an increase in sample entropy during the administration phase, and an increase in theta peak frequency and a decrease in the aperiodic exponent once the depression-like phenotype had been induced. The remission-like behavioral effects of ketamine alone correlated with a post-treatment increase in the offset and exponent, and decrease in sample entropy, both immediately and up to eight days post-treatment. The remission-like behavioral effects of mPFC DBS alone correlated with an immediate decrease in sample entropy, an immediate and sustained increase in low gamma (20-50 Hz) peak width and aperiodic offset, and sustained improvements in cognitive function. Failure to fully induce remission-like behavior in the combinatorial treatment group correlated with a failure to suppress an increase in sample entropy immediately after treatment. Conclusion Our findings therefore support the potential of periodic theta parameters as biomarkers of depression-severity; and periodic low gamma parameters and cognitive measures as biomarkers of mPFC DBS treatment efficacy. They also support sample entropy and the aperiodic spectral parameters as potential cross-modal biomarkers of depression severity and the therapeutic efficacy of mPFC DBS and/or ketamine. Study of these biomarkers is important as objective measures of disease severity and predictive measures of therapeutic efficacy can be used to personalize care and promote the translatability of research across studies, modalities, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bergosh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sasha Medvidovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nancy Zepeda
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lindsey Crown
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jennifer Ipe
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Lauren Debattista
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Luis Romero
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eimon Amjadi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tian Lam
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Erik Hakopian
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Wooseong Choi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Wu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jack Yu Tung Lo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Darrin Jason Lee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Neurorestoration Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
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Zhang KK, Matin R, Gorodetsky C, Ibrahim GM, Gouveia FV. Systematic review of rodent studies of deep brain stimulation for the treatment of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:186. [PMID: 38605027 PMCID: PMC11009311 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulates local and widespread connectivity in dysfunctional networks. Positive results are observed in several patient populations; however, the precise mechanisms underlying treatment remain unknown. Translational DBS studies aim to answer these questions and provide knowledge for advancing the field. Here, we systematically review the literature on DBS studies involving models of neurological, developmental and neuropsychiatric disorders to provide a synthesis of the current scientific landscape surrounding this topic. A systematic analysis of the literature was performed following PRISMA guidelines. 407 original articles were included. Data extraction focused on study characteristics, including stimulation protocol, behavioural outcomes, and mechanisms of action. The number of articles published increased over the years, including 16 rat models and 13 mouse models of transgenic or healthy animals exposed to external factors to induce symptoms. Most studies targeted telencephalic structures with varying stimulation settings. Positive behavioural outcomes were reported in 85.8% of the included studies. In models of psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, DBS-induced effects were associated with changes in monoamines and neuronal activity along the mesocorticolimbic circuit. For movement disorders, DBS improves symptoms via modulation of the striatal dopaminergic system. In dementia and epilepsy models, changes to cellular and molecular aspects of the hippocampus were shown to underlie symptom improvement. Despite limitations in translating findings from preclinical to clinical settings, rodent studies have contributed substantially to our current knowledge of the pathophysiology of disease and DBS mechanisms. Direct inhibition/excitation of neural activity, whereby DBS modulates pathological oscillatory activity within brain networks, is among the major theories of its mechanism. However, there remain fundamental questions on mechanisms, optimal targets and parameters that need to be better understood to improve this therapy and provide more individualized treatment according to the patient's predominant symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina K Zhang
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rafi Matin
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - George M Ibrahim
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Neuroscience and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kumbhare D, Rajagopal M, Toms J, Freelin A, Weistroffer G, McComb N, Karnam S, Azghadi A, Murnane KS, Baron MS, Holloway KL. Deep Brain Stimulation of Nucleus Basalis of Meynert improves learning in rat model of dementia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.05.588271. [PMID: 38645266 PMCID: PMC11030230 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.05.588271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) has been preliminarily investigated as a potential treatment for dementia. The degeneration of NBM cholinergic neurons is a pathological feature of many forms of dementia. Although stimulation of the NBM has been demonstrated to improve learning, the ideal parameters for NBM stimulation have not been elucidated. This study assesses the differential effects of varying stimulation patterns and duration on learning in a dementia rat model. Methods 192-IgG-saporin (or vehicle) was injected into the NBM to produce dementia in rats. Next, all rats underwent unilateral implantation of a DBS electrode in the NBM. The experimental groups consisted of i-normal, ii-untreated demented, and iii-demented rats receiving NBM DBS. The stimulation paradigms included testing different modes (tonic and burst) and durations (1-hr, 5-hrs, and 24-hrs/day) over 10 daily sessions. Memory was assessed pre- and post-stimulation using two established learning paradigms: novel object recognition (NOR) and auditory operant chamber learning. Results Both normal and stimulated rats demonstrated improved performance in NOR and auditory learning as compared to the unstimulated demented group. The burst stimulation groups performed better than the tonic stimulated group. Increasing the daily stimulation duration to 24-hr did not further improve cognitive performance in an auditory recognition task and degraded the results on a NOR task as compared with 5-hr. Conclusion The present findings suggest that naturalistic NBM burst DBS may offer a potential effective therapy for treating dementia and suggests potential strategies for the reevaluation of current human NBM stimulation paradigms.
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Warren AEL, Tobochnik S, Chua MMJ, Singh H, Stamm MA, Rolston JD. Neurostimulation for Generalized Epilepsy: Should Therapy be Syndrome-specific? Neurosurg Clin N Am 2024; 35:27-48. [PMID: 38000840 PMCID: PMC10676463 DOI: 10.1016/j.nec.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Current applications of neurostimulation for generalized epilepsy use a one-target-fits-all approach that is agnostic to the specific epilepsy syndrome and seizure type being treated. The authors describe similarities and differences between the 2 "archetypes" of generalized epilepsy-Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy-and review recent neuroimaging evidence for syndrome-specific brain networks underlying seizures. Implications for stimulation targeting and programming are discussed using 5 clinical questions: What epilepsy syndrome does the patient have? What brain networks are involved? What is the optimal stimulation target? What is the optimal stimulation paradigm? What is the plan for adjusting stimulation over time?
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron E L Warren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Steven Tobochnik
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa M J Chua
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hargunbir Singh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michaela A Stamm
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John D Rolston
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Cha J, Choi KS, Rajendra JK, McGrath CL, Riva-Posse P, Holtzheimer PE, Figee M, Kopell BH, Mayberg HS. Whole brain network effects of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:112-120. [PMID: 37919403 PMCID: PMC11078711 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02306-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing experimental studies of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation (SCC DBS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) show a differential timeline of behavioral effects with rapid changes after initial stimulation, and both early and delayed changes over the course of ongoing chronic stimulation. This study examined the longitudinal resting-state regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) changes in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) with SCC DBS for TRD over 6 months and repeated the same analysis by glucose metabolite changes in a new cohort. A total of twenty-two patients with TRD, 17 [15 O]-water and 5 [18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) patients, received SCC DBS and were followed weekly for 7 months. PET scans were collected at 4-time points: baseline, 1-month after surgery, and 1 and 6 months of chronic stimulation. A linear mixed model was conducted to examine the differential trajectory of rCBF changes over time. Post-hoc tests were also examined to assess postoperative, early, and late ICN changes and response-specific effects. SCC DBS had significant time-specific effects in the salience network (SN) and the default mode network (DMN). The rCBF in SN and DMN was decreased after surgery, but responder and non-responders diverged thereafter, with a net increase in DMN activity in responders with chronic stimulation. Additionally, the rCBF in the DMN uniquely correlated with depression severity. The glucose metabolic changes in a second cohort show the same DMN changes. The trajectory of PET changes with SCC DBS is not linear, consistent with the chronology of therapeutic effects. These data provide novel evidence of both an acute reset and ongoing plastic effects in the DMN that may provide future biomarkers to track clinical improvement with ongoing treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Cha
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Justin K Rajendra
- Scientific and Statistical Computational Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Patricio Riva-Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Paul E Holtzheimer
- Department of Psychiatry and Surgery, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Liu F, Huang S, Guo D, Li X, Han Y. Deep brain stimulation of ventromedial prefrontal cortex reverses depressive-like behaviors via BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in rats. Life Sci 2023; 334:122222. [PMID: 38084673 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
AIM Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is currently under investigation as a potential therapeutic approach for managing major depressive disorder (MDD) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) is recognized as a promising target region. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate a preclinical paradigm of bilateral vmPFC DBS and examine the molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant-like effects using chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model in rats. MAIN METHODS Male rats were subjected to stereotaxic surgery and deep brain stimulation paradigm in non-stressed and CUS rats respectively, and the therapeutic effect of DBS were assessed by a series of behavioral tests including sucrose preference test, open field test, elevated plus maze test, and forced swim test. The potential involvement of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and its downstream effects in this process were also investigated using western blot. KEY FINDINGS We identified that a stimulation protocol consisting of 130 Hz, 200 μA, 90 μs pulses administered for 5 h per day over a period of 7 days effectively mitigated CUS-induced depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors in rats. These therapeutic effects were associated with the enhancement of the BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway and its downstream ERK1/2 activity. SIGNIFICANCE These findings provide valuable insights into the potential clinical utility of vmPFC DBS as an approach of improving the symptoms experienced by individuals with MDD. This evidence contributes to our understanding of the neurobiological basis of depression and offers promise for the development of more effective treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Liu
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Guo
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Research, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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7
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Flores-García M, Rizzo A, Garçon-Poca MZ, Fernández-Dueñas V, Bonaventura J. Converging circuits between pain and depression: the ventral tegmental area as a therapeutic hub. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1278023. [PMID: 37849731 PMCID: PMC10577189 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1278023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain and depression are highly prevalent pathologies and cause a major socioeconomic burden to society. Chronic pain affects the emotional state of the individuals suffering from it, while depression worsens the prognosis of chronic pain patients and may diminish the effectiveness of pain treatments. There is a high comorbidity rate between both pathologies, which might share overlapping mechanisms. This review explores the evidence pinpointing a role for the ventral tegmental area (VTA) as a hub where both pain and emotional processing might converge. In addition, the feasibility of using the VTA as a possible therapeutic target is discussed. The role of the VTA, and the dopaminergic system in general, is highly studied in mood disorders, especially in deficits in reward-processing and motivation. Conversely, the VTA is less regarded where it concerns the study of central mechanisms of pain and its mood-associated consequences. Here, we first outline the brain circuits involving central processing of pain and mood disorders, focusing on the often-understudied role of the dopaminergic system and the VTA. Next, we highlight the state-of-the-art findings supporting the emergence of the VTA as a link where both pathways converge. Thus, we envision a promising part for the VTA as a putative target for innovative therapeutic approaches to treat chronic pain and its effects on mood. Finally, we emphasize the urge to develop and use animal models where both pain and depression-like symptoms are considered in conjunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Flores-García
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL-Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Arianna Rizzo
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL-Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria Zelai Garçon-Poca
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL-Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Víctor Fernández-Dueñas
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL-Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Bonaventura
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
- Neuropharmacology and Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, IDIBELL-Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
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Akhoondian M, Rashtiani S, Khakpour-Taleghani B, Rostampour M, Jafari A, Rohampour K. Lateral habenula deep brain stimulation alleviates depression-like behaviors and reverses the oscillatory pattern in the nucleus accumbens in an animal model of depression. Brain Res Bull 2023; 202:110745. [PMID: 37598800 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a series of symptoms that influence mood, thinking, and behavior and create unpleasant emotions like hopelessness and apathy. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) affects 30 % of depression patients despite the availability of several non-invasive therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a novel therapy for TRD. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of LHb-DBS by recording local field potentials (LFP) and conducting behavioral experiments. Thirty-two mature male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control, chronic mild stress (CMS), CMS+DBS, and DBS. After surgery and electrode placement in the lateral habenula (LHb), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and prelimbic cortex (PrL), the CMS protocol was applied for 3 weeks to create depression-like models. The open field test (OFT), sucrose preference test (SPT), and forced swim test (FST) were also performed. In the DBS groups, the LHb area was stimulated for four consecutive days. Finally, on the 22nd day, LFP was recorded from the NAc and PrL and analyzed using MATLAB software. Analyzing the findings using ANOVA and P-values ≤ 0.05 was considered. LHb-DBS alleviated depression-like behaviors in chronic moderate stress model rats (P ≤ 0.05). Three weeks of CMS enhanced almost all band powers in the NAc, while LHb-DBS decreased the power of the theta, alpha, beta, and gamma bands in the NAc (P ≤ 0.05), and the low-gamma band in the PrL. CMS also boosted the NAc-PrL coherence in low-frequency bands, while LHb-DBS increased beta and low gamma band coherence (P ≤ 0.05). In sum, the results of the present study showed that depression enhances low-frequency coherence between NAc and PrL cortex. Depression also potentiates many brain oscillations in the NAc, which can be mainly reversed by LHb-DBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Akhoondian
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Samira Rashtiani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Behrooz Khakpour-Taleghani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rostampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Adele Jafari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Kambiz Rohampour
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran.
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9
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Alagapan S, Choi KS, Heisig S, Riva-Posse P, Crowell A, Tiruvadi V, Obatusin M, Veerakumar A, Waters AC, Gross RE, Quinn S, Denison L, O'Shaughnessy M, Connor M, Canal G, Cha J, Hershenberg R, Nauvel T, Isbaine F, Afzal MF, Figee M, Kopell BH, Butera R, Mayberg HS, Rozell CJ. Cingulate dynamics track depression recovery with deep brain stimulation. Nature 2023; 622:130-138. [PMID: 37730990 PMCID: PMC10550829 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate (SCC) can provide long-term symptom relief for treatment-resistant depression (TRD)1. However, achieving stable recovery is unpredictable2, typically requiring trial-and-error stimulation adjustments due to individual recovery trajectories and subjective symptom reporting3. We currently lack objective brain-based biomarkers to guide clinical decisions by distinguishing natural transient mood fluctuations from situations requiring intervention. To address this gap, we used a new device enabling electrophysiology recording to deliver SCC DBS to ten TRD participants (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01984710). At the study endpoint of 24 weeks, 90% of participants demonstrated robust clinical response, and 70% achieved remission. Using SCC local field potentials available from six participants, we deployed an explainable artificial intelligence approach to identify SCC local field potential changes indicating the patient's current clinical state. This biomarker is distinct from transient stimulation effects, sensitive to therapeutic adjustments and accurate at capturing individual recovery states. Variable recovery trajectories are predicted by the degree of preoperative damage to the structural integrity and functional connectivity within the targeted white matter treatment network, and are matched by objective facial expression changes detected using data-driven video analysis. Our results demonstrate the utility of objective biomarkers in the management of personalized SCC DBS and provide new insight into the relationship between multifaceted (functional, anatomical and behavioural) features of TRD pathology, motivating further research into causes of variability in depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankaraleengam Alagapan
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ki Sueng Choi
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Heisig
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricio Riva-Posse
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Andrea Crowell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Vineet Tiruvadi
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mosadoluwa Obatusin
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashan Veerakumar
- Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Allison C Waters
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sinead Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lydia Denison
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew O'Shaughnessy
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marissa Connor
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gregory Canal
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jungho Cha
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Hershenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tanya Nauvel
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Faical Isbaine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Muhammad Furqan Afzal
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martijn Figee
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian H Kopell
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Butera
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Helen S Mayberg
- Nash Family Center for Advanced Circuit Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Christopher J Rozell
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Kim J, Kim TE, Lee SH, Koo JW. The Role of Glutamate Underlying Treatment-resistant Depression. CLINICAL PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY AND NEUROSCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN COLLEGE OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 21:429-446. [PMID: 37424412 PMCID: PMC10335903 DOI: 10.9758/cpn.22.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The monoamine hypothesis has significantly improved our understanding of mood disorders and their treatment by linking monoaminergic abnormalities to the pathophysiology of mood disorders. Even 50 years after the monoamine hypothesis was established, some patients do not respond to treatments for depression, including selective serotonin reuptake drugs. Accumulating evidence shows that patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) have severe abnormalities in the neuroplasticity and neurotrophic factor pathways, indicating that different treatment approaches may be necessary. Therefore, the glutamate hypothesis is gaining attention as a novel hypothesis that can overcome monoamine restrictions. Glutamate has been linked to structural and maladaptive morphological alterations in several brain areas associated with mood disorders. Recently, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, has shown efficacy in TRD treatment and has received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval, revitalizing psychiatry research. However, the mechanism by which ketamine improves TRD remains unclear. In this review, we re-examined the glutamate hypothesis, bringing the glutamate system onboard to join the modulation of the monoamine systems, emphasizing the most prominent ketamine antidepressant mechanisms, such as NMDAR inhibition and NMDAR disinhibition in GABAergic interneurons. Furthermore, we discuss the animal models used in preclinical studies and the sex differences in the effects of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongseop Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Eun Kim
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Ja Wook Koo
- Emotion, Cognition & Behavior Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, Korea
- Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
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11
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Cha J, Rajendra JJ, McGrath C, Riva-Posse P, Holtzheimer P, Mayberg H, Choi KS. Whole Brain Network effects of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3025802. [PMID: 37398243 PMCID: PMC10312967 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3025802/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing experimental studies of subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation (SCC DBS) for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) show a differential timeline of behavioral effects with rapid changes after initial stimulation, and both early and delayed changes over the course of ongoing chronic stimulation. This study examined the longitudinal resting-state regional cerebral blood ow (rCBF) changes in intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) with SCC DBS for TRD over 6 months and repeated the same analysis by glucose metabolite changes in a new cohort. A total of twenty-two patients with TRD, 17 [15O]-water and 5 [18]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) patients, received SCC DBS and were followed weekly for 7 months. PET scans were collected at 4-time points: baseline, 1-month after surgery, and 1 and 6 months of chronic stimulation. A linear mixed model was conducted to examine the differential trajectory of rCBF changes over time. Post-hoc tests were also examined to assess postoperative, early, and late ICN changes and response-specific effects. SCC DBS had significant time-specific effects in the salience network (SN) and the default mode network (DMN). The rCBF in SN and DMN was decreased after surgery, but responder and non-responders diverged thereafter, with a net increase in DMN activity in responders with chronic stimulation. Additionally, the rCBF in the DMN uniquely correlated with depression severity. The glucose metabolic changes in a second cohort show the same DMN changes. The trajectory of PET changes with SCC DBS is not linear, consistent with the chronology of therapeutic effects. These data provide novel evidence of both an acute reset and ongoing plastic effects in the DMN that may provide future biomarkers to track clinical improvement with ongoing treatment.
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Khairuddin S, Lim WL, Aquili L, Tsui KC, Tse ACK, Jayalath S, Varma R, Sharp T, Benazzouz A, Steinbusch H, Blokland A, Temel Y, Lim LW. Prelimbic Cortical Stimulation Induces Antidepressant-like Responses through Dopaminergic-Dependent and -Independent Mechanisms. Cells 2023; 12:1449. [PMID: 37296570 PMCID: PMC10253143 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
High-frequency stimulation (HFS) is a promising therapy for patients with depression. However, the mechanisms underlying the HFS-induced antidepressant-like effects on susceptibility and resilience to depressive-like behaviors remain obscure. Given that dopaminergic neurotransmission has been found to be disrupted in depression, we investigated the dopamine(DA)-dependent mechanism of the antidepressant-like effects of HFS of the prelimbic cortex (HFS PrL). We performed HFS PrL in a rat model of mild chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) together with 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). Animals were assessed for anxiety, anhedonia, and behavioral despair. We also examined levels of corticosterone, hippocampal neurotransmitters, neuroplasticity-related proteins, and morphological changes in dopaminergic neurons. We found 54.3% of CUS animals exhibited decreased sucrose consumption and were designated as CUS-susceptible, while the others were designated CUS-resilient. HFS PrL in both the CUS-susceptible and CUS-resilient animals significantly increased hedonia, reduced anxiety, decreased forced swim immobility, enhanced hippocampal DA and serotonin levels, and reduced corticosterone levels when compared with the respective sham groups. The hedonic-like effects were abolished in both DRN- and VTA-lesioned groups, suggesting the effects of HFS PrL are DA-dependent. Interestingly, VTA-lesioned sham animals had increased anxiety and forced swim immobility, which was reversed by HFS PrL. The VTA-lesioned HFS PrL animals also had elevated DA levels, and reduced p-p38 MAPK and NF-κB levels when compared to VTA-lesioned sham animals. These findings suggest that HFS PrL in stressed animals leads to profound antidepressant-like responses possibly through both DA-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharafuddin Khairuddin
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Luca Aquili
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Health and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia
| | - Ka Chun Tsui
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Chung-Kwan Tse
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shehani Jayalath
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ruhani Varma
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Trevor Sharp
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Abdelhamid Benazzouz
- CNRS UMR5293, Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Harry Steinbusch
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan Blokland
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Yasin Temel
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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13
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Campos ACP, Pople C, Silk E, Surendrakumar S, Rabelo TK, Meng Y, Gouveia FV, Lipsman N, Giacobbe P, Hamani C. Neurochemical mechanisms of deep brain stimulation for depression in animal models. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2023; 68:11-26. [PMID: 36640729 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a neuromodulation therapy for treatment-resistant depression, but its actual efficacy and mechanisms of action are still unclear. Changes in neurochemical transmission are important mechanisms of antidepressant therapies. Here, we review the preclinical DBS literature reporting behavioural and neurochemical data associated with its antidepressant-like effects. The most commonly studied target in preclinical models was the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). In rodents, DBS delivered to this target induced serotonin (5-HT) release and increased 5-HT1B receptor expression. The antidepressant-like effects of vmPFC DBS seemed to be independent of the serotonin transporter and potentially mediated by the direct modulation of prefrontal projections to the raphe. Adenosinergic and glutamatergic transmission might have also play a role. Medial forebrain bundle (MFB) DBS increased dopamine levels and reduced D2 receptor expression, whereas nucleus accumbens (NAcc), and lateral habenula (LHb) stimulation increased catecholamine levels in different brain regions. In rodents, subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS induced robust depression-like responses associated with a reduction in serotonergic transmission, as revealed by a decrease in serotonin release. Some of these effects seemed to be mediated by 5HT1A receptors. In conclusion, the antidepressant-like effects of DBS in preclinical models have been well documented in multiple targets. Though variable mechanisms have been proposed, DBS-induced acute and long-term changes in neurochemical substrates seem to play an important role in the antidepressant-like effects of this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina P Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Christopher Pople
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Esther Silk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shanan Surendrakumar
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita K Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ying Meng
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Flavia Venetucci Gouveia
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Neuropsychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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14
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Advances in applications of head mounted devices (HMDs): Physical techniques for drug delivery and neuromodulation. J Control Release 2023; 354:810-820. [PMID: 36709924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Head-mounted medical devices (HMDs) are disruptive inventions representing laboratories and clinical institutions worldwide are climbing the apexes of brain science. These complex devices are inextricably linked with a wide range knowledge containing the Physics, Imaging, Biomedical engineering, Biology and Pharmacology, particularly could be specifically designed for individuals, and finally exerting integrated bio-effect. The salient characteristics of them are non-invasive intervening in human brain's physiological structures, and alterating the biological process, such as thermal ablating the tumor, opening the BBB to deliver drugs and neuromodulating to enhance cognitive performance or manipulate prosthetic. The increasing demand and universally accepted of them have set off a dramatic upsurge in HMDs' studies, seminal applications of them span from clinical use to psychiatric disorders and neurological modulation. With subsequent pre-clinical studies and human trials emerging, the mechanisms of transcranial stimulation methods of them were widely studied, and could be basically came down to three notable approach: magnetic, electrical and ultrasonic stimulation. This review provides a comprehensive overviews of their stimulating mechanisms, and recent advances in clinic and military. We described the potential impact of HMDs on brain science, and current challenges to extensively adopt them as promising alternative treating tools.
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15
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Pagano RL, Dale CS, Campos ACP, Hamani C. Translational aspects of deep brain stimulation for chronic pain. FRONTIERS IN PAIN RESEARCH (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:1084701. [PMID: 36713643 PMCID: PMC9874335 DOI: 10.3389/fpain.2022.1084701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of chronic pain was one of the first applications of this technique in functional neurosurgery. Established brain targets in the clinic include the periaqueductal (PAG)/periventricular gray matter (PVG) and sensory thalamic nuclei. More recently, the anterior cingulum (ACC) and the ventral striatum/anterior limb of the internal capsule (VS/ALIC) have been investigated for the treatment of emotional components of pain. In the clinic, most studies showed a response in 20%-70% of patients. In various applications of DBS, animal models either provided the rationale for the development of clinical trials or were utilized as a tool to study potential mechanisms of stimulation responses. Despite the complex nature of pain and the fact that animal models cannot reliably reflect the subjective nature of this condition, multiple preparations have emerged over the years. Overall, DBS was shown to produce an antinociceptive effect in rodents when delivered to targets known to induce analgesic effects in humans, suggesting a good predictive validity. Compared to the relatively high number of clinical trials in the field, however, the number of animal studies has been somewhat limited. Additional investigation using modern neuroscience techniques could unravel the mechanisms and neurocircuitry involved in the analgesic effects of DBS and help to optimize this therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana L. Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila S. Dale
- Laboratory of Neuromodulation and Experimental Pain, Department of Anatomy, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Clement Hamani
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada,Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Neurosurgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Correspondence: Clement Hamani
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16
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Serotonin 5-HT 1B receptors mediate the antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of ventromedial prefrontal cortex deep brain stimulation in a mouse model of social defeat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3875-3892. [PMID: 36282287 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deep brain stimulation (DBS) delivered to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) induces antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like responses in various animal models. Electrophysiology and neurochemical studies suggest that these effects may be dependent, at least in part, on the serotonergic system. In rodents, vmPFC DBS reduces raphe cell firing and increases serotonin (5-HT) release and the expression of serotonergic receptors in different brain regions. METHODS We examined whether the behavioural responses of chronic vmPFC DBS are mediated by 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B receptors through a series of experiments. First, we delivered stimulation to mice undergoing chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), followed by a battery of behavioural tests. Second, we measured the expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B receptors in different brain regions with western blot. Finally, we conducted pharmacological experiments to mitigate the behavioural effects of DBS using the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY-100635, or the 5-HT1B antagonist, GR-127935. RESULTS We found that chronic DBS delivered to stressed animals reduced the latency to feed in the novelty suppressed feeding test (NSF) and immobility in the forced swim test (FST). Though no significant changes were observed in receptor expression, 5-HT1B levels in DBS-treated animals were found to be non-significantly increased in the vmPFC, hippocampus, and nucleus accumbens and reduced in the raphe compared to non-stimulated controls. Finally, while animals given vmPFC stimulation along with WAY-100635 still presented significant responses in the NSF and FST, these were mitigated following GR-127935 administration. CONCLUSIONS The antidepressant- and anxiolytic-like effects of DBS in rodents may be partially mediated by 5-HT1B receptors.
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Li T, Li X, Zhang J, Yu Z, Gong F, Wang J, Tang H, Xiang J, Zhang W, Cai D. Chemical component analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine Guipi Tang and its effects on major depressive disorder at molecular level. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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18
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Yang H, Shan W, Fan J, Deng J, Luan G, Wang Q, Zhang Y, You H. Mapping the Neural Circuits Responding to Deep Brain Stimulation of the Anterior Nucleus of the Thalamus in the Rat Brain. Epilepsy Res 2022; 187:107027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2022.107027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5 Hz of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation improves cognition and induces modifications in hippocampal neurogenesis in adult female Swiss Webster mice. Brain Res Bull 2022; 186:91-105. [PMID: 35688304 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by several stimuli to promote the creation of a reserve that may facilitate coping with environmental challenges. In this regard, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a neuromodulation therapy, came to our attention because in clinical studies it reverts behavioral and cognitive alterations related to changes in brain plasticity. Some preclinical studies emphasize the need to understand the underlying mechanism of rTMS to induce behavioral modifications. In this study, we investigated the effects of rTMS on cognition, neurogenic-associated modifications, and neuronal activation in the hippocampus of female Swiss Webster mice. We applied 5 Hz of rTMS twice a day for 14 days. Three days later, mice were exposed to the behavioral battery. Then, brains were collected and immunostained for Ki67-positive cells, doublecortin-positive (DCX+)-cells, calbindin, c-Fos and FosB/Delta-FosB in the dentate gyrus. Also, we analyzed mossy fibers and CA3 with calbindin immunostaining. Mice exposed to rTMS exhibited cognitive improvement, an increased number of proliferative cells, DCX cells, DCX cells with complex dendrite morphology, c-Fos and immunoreactivity of FosB/Delta-FosB in the granular cell layer. The volume of the granular cell layer, mossy fibers and CA3 in rTMS mice also increased. Interestingly, cognitive improvement correlated with DCX cells with complex dendrite morphology. Also, those DCX cells and calbindin immunoreactivity correlated with c-Fos in the granular cell layer. Our results suggest that 5 Hz of rTMS applied twice a day modify cell proliferation, doublecortin cells, mossy fibers and enhance cognitive behavior in healthy female Swiss Webster mice.
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Neuromodulation and Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Depression: A Scoping Review. Brain Res Bull 2022; 188:92-107. [PMID: 35853529 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The 'neurogenesis hypothesis of depression' emphasizes the importance of upregulated hippocampal neurogenesis for the efficacy of antidepressant treatment. Neuromodulation is a promising therapeutic method that stimulates neural circuitries to treat neuropsychiatric illnesses. We conducted a scoping review on the neurogenic and antidepressant outcomes of neuromodulation in animal models of depression. PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycInfo were comprehensively searched for full-text English articles from inception to October 5, 2021. Data screening and extraction were conducted independently by two researchers. Seventeen eligible studies were included in this review. The majority of studies used non-invasive neuromodulation (n = 14) and assessed neurogenesis using neural proliferation (n = 16) and differentiation markers (n = 9). Limited reports (n = 2) used neurogenic inhibitors to evaluate the role of neurogenesis on the depressive-like behavioral outcomes. Overall, neuromodulation substantially effectuated both hippocampal cell proliferation and antidepressant-like behavior in animal models of depression, with some providing evidence for enhanced neuronal differentiation and maturation. The proposed neurogenic-related mechanisms mediating the neuromodulation efficacies included neurotrophic processes, anti-apoptotic pathways, and normalization of HPA axis functions. Further research is warranted to explore the role of neuromodulation-induced neurogenic effects on treatment efficacies and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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21
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Emtyazi D, Rabelo TK, Katzman H, Campos AC, Diwan M, Gidyk D, Rabelo Dos Santos P, Giacobbe P, Lipsman N, Aubert I, Hamani C. Sex differences in long-term fear and anxiety-like responses in a preclinical model of PTSD. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:619-625. [PMID: 35640386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
With a high prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in females, studying sex differences in preclinical models is of substantial importance. We have previously employed behavioural criteria to identify and characterize a subpopulation of rats that presented impaired fear extinction and long-term fear and anxiety responses following fear conditioning. We now exposed male and female rats to fear conditioning and extinction and segregated the animals into weak- (WE) and strong-extinction (SE) groups based on behavioural scores during extinction. Animals were subsequently tested for tone and context recall, as well as anxiety-like responses in the marble burying and novelty suppression of feeding (NSF) tests. Vaginal lavages were collected to characterize the phase of the estrous cycle during fear extinction. We found that females had reduced freezing during tone recall and a lower latency to feed in the NSF test. No differences were found in females undergoing extinction during high and low estrogen phases of the cycle in any of the performed tests. Overall, the percentage of animals that presented WE and SE phenotypes was similar in males and females. Both, WE males and females had increased freezing during tone and context recall. Along with our previous reports, WE males presented anxiety-like responses, particularly in the NSF compared to SE animals. In contrast, WE females buried less marbles than their SE mates. Future investigation including a larger number of behavioural tests are certainly required to corroborate our findings and ascertain potential mechanisms to explain the differences observed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delara Emtyazi
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Thallita Kelly Rabelo
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Hailey Katzman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Ana Carolina Campos
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Darryl Gidyk
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | | | - Peter Giacobbe
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Nir Lipsman
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Isabelle Aubert
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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22
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Optogenetic stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex excites GABAergic cells in the nucleus accumbens and hippocampus of Wistar-Kyoto rats exposed to chronic mild stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2299-2307. [PMID: 35292832 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06116-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High frequency optogenetic stimulation (OGS) of prelimbic cortex (PLC) has been reported to exert antidepressant-like effects in the chronic mild stress model of depression in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats, which are non-responsive to antidepressant drugs. Here we have examined the effect of OGS on activity in the PLC and in two other regions implicated in depression, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and hippocampus (HPC). METHOD OGS was applied to the PLC of WKY rats using the same stress schedule, and the identical placement, virus infection and stimulation parameters, used in the earlier behavioural experiments. Confocal microscopy was used to identify cells co-expressing the immediate early gene c-Fos and markers of GABAergic (GAD) and glutamatergic (CaMKII) neurons. RESULTS Stress decreased sucrose intake, which was restored by OGS. Stress also caused an overall decrease in Fos expression in the structures examined. In stressed animals, but not in non-stressed controls, OGS in mPFC increased the number of Fos+ cells in both the core and shell of the NAc (where the vast majority of cells are GABAergic), and increased the number and proportion of active GABAergic, but not glutamatergic, cells in dorsal and ventral HPC and dentate gyrus. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that OGS of PLC has a net excitatory effect on outputs from the PLC, leading to an overall inhibitory effect in structures innervated (NAc and HPC).
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23
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Kim J, Park J, Mikami T. Regular Low-Intensity Exercise Prevents Cognitive Decline and a Depressive-Like State Induced by Physical Inactivity in Mice: A New Physical Inactivity Experiment Model. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:866405. [PMID: 35600989 PMCID: PMC9121131 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.866405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise has already been established as a vital strategy for maintaining physical health via experimental results in humans and animals. In addition, numerous human studies have reported that physical inactivity is a primary factor that causes obesity, muscle atrophy, metabolic diseases, and deterioration in cognitive function and mental health. Regardless, an established animal experimental method to examine the effect of physical inactivity on physiological, biochemical, and neuroscientific parameters is yet to be reported. In this study, we made a new housing cage, named as the physical inactivity (PI) cage, to investigate the effect of physical inactivity on cognitive function and depressive-like states in mice and obtained the following experimental results by its use. We first compared the daily physical activity of mice housed in the PI and standard cages using the nano-tag method. The mice’s physical activity levels in the PI cage decreased to approximately half of that in the mice housed in the standard cage. Second, we examined whether housing in the PI cage affected plasma corticosterone concentration. The plasma corticosterone concentration did not alter before, 1 week, or 10 weeks after housing. Third, we investigated whether housing in the PI cage for 10 weeks affected cognitive function and depressive behavior. Housing in an inactive state caused a cognitive decline and depressive state in the mice without increasing body weight and plasma corticosterone. Finally, we examined the effect of regular low-intensity exercise on cognitive function and depressive state in the mice housed in the PI cage. Physical inactivity decreased neuronal cell proliferation, blood vessel density, and gene expressions of vascular endothelial growth factors and brain-derived neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus. In addition, regular low-intensity exercise, 30 min of treadmill running at a 5–15 m/min treadmill speed 3 days per week, prevented cognitive decline and the onset of a depressive-like state caused by physical inactivity. These results showed that our novel physical inactivity model, housing the mice in the PI cage, would be an adequate and valuable experimental method for examining the effect of physical inactivity on cognitive function and a depressive-like state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimmy Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jonghyuk Park
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Mikami
- Department of Health and Sports Science, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Toshio Mikami,
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24
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Yu WS, Tse ACK, Guan L, Chiu JLY, Tan SZK, Khairuddin S, Agadagba SK, Lo ACY, Fung ML, Chan YS, Chan LLH, Lim LW. Antidepressant-like effects of transcorneal electrical stimulation in rat models. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:843-856. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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25
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Sun Z, Jia L, Shi D, He Y, Ren Y, Yang J, Ma X. Deep brain stimulation improved depressive-like behaviors and hippocampal synapse deficits by activating the BDNF/mTOR signaling pathway. Behav Brain Res 2022; 419:113709. [PMID: 34890598 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study demonstrated that acute deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) remarkably improved the depressive-like behaviors in a rat model of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUS rats). However, the mechanisms by which chronic DBS altered depressive-like behaviors and reversed cognitive impairment have not been clarified. Recent work has shown that deficits in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its downstream proteins, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), might be involved in the pathogenesis of depression. Therefore, we hypothesized that the antidepressant-like and cognitive improvement effects of DBS were achieved by activating the BDNF/mTOR pathway. CUS rats received vmPFC DBS at 20 Hz for 1 h once a day for 28 days. After four weeks of stimulation, the rats were assessed for the presence of depressive-like behaviors and euthanized to detect BDNF/mTOR signaling using immunoblots. DBS at the vmPFC significantly ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and spatial learning and memory deficits in the CUS rats. Furthermore, DBS restored the reduced synaptic density in the hippocampus induced by CUS and increased the expression or activity of BDNF, Akt, and mTOR in the hippocampus. Thus, the antidepressant-like effects and cognitive improvement produced by vmPFC DBS might be mediated through increased activity of the BDNF/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoli Sun
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Jia
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi He
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanping Ren
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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26
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Yuen J, Rusheen AE, Price JB, Barath AS, Shin H, Kouzani AZ, Berk M, Blaha CD, Lee KH, Oh Y. Biomarkers for Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models of Depression. Neuromodulation 2022; 25:161-170. [PMID: 35125135 PMCID: PMC8655028 DOI: 10.1111/ner.13483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite recent advances in depression treatment, many patients still do not respond to serial conventional therapies and are considered "treatment resistant." Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has therapeutic potential in this context. This comprehensive review of recent studies of DBS for depression in animal models identifies potential biomarkers for improving therapeutic efficacy and predictability of conventional DBS to aid future development of closed-loop control of DBS systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Review using relevant keywords. Overall, 56 animal studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Outcomes were divided into biochemical/physiological, electrophysiological, and behavioral categories. Promising biomarkers include biochemical assays (in particular, microdialysis and electrochemical measurements), which provide real-time results in awake animals. Electrophysiological tests, showing changes at both the target site and downstream structures, also revealed characteristic changes at several anatomic targets (such as the medial prefrontal cortex and locus coeruleus). However, the substantial range of models and DBS targets limits the ability to draw generalizable conclusions in animal behavioral models. CONCLUSIONS Overall, DBS is a promising therapeutic modality for treatment-resistant depression. Different outcomes have been used to assess its efficacy in animal studies. From the review, electrophysiological and biochemical markers appear to offer the greatest potential as biomarkers for depression. However, to develop closed-loop DBS for depression, additional preclinical and clinical studies with a focus on identifying reliable, safe, and effective biomarkers are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yuen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Deakin University, IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Aaron E. Rusheen
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - J. Blair Price
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Hojin Shin
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Charles D. Blaha
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kendall H. Lee
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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27
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Chong PS, Poon CH, Roy J, Tsui KC, Lew SY, Phang MWL, Tan RJY, Cheng PG, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Neurogenesis-dependent antidepressant-like activity of Hericium erinaceus in an animal model of depression. Chin Med 2021; 16:132. [PMID: 34876186 PMCID: PMC8650354 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depression is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder that affects more than 264 million people worldwide. The efficacy of conventional antidepressants are barely adequate and many have side effects. Hericium erinaceus (HE) is a medicinal mushroom that has been reported to have therapeutic potential for treating depression. Methods Animals subjected to chronic restraint stress were given 4 weeks HE treatment. Animals were then screened for anxiety and depressive-like behaviours. Gene and protein assays, as well as histological analysis were performed to probe the role of neurogenesis in mediating the therapeutic effect of HE. Temozolomide was administered to validate the neurogenesis-dependent mechanism of HE. Results The results showed that 4 weeks of HE treatment ameliorated depressive-like behaviours in mice subjected to 14 days of restraint stress. Further molecular assays demonstrated the 4-week HE treatment elevated the expression of several neurogenesis-related genes and proteins, including doublecortin, nestin, synaptophysin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB). Increased bromodeoxyuridine-positive cells were also observed in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, indicating enhanced neurogenesis. Neurogenesis blocker temozolomide completely abolished the antidepressant-like effects of HE, confirming a neurogenesis-dependent mechanism. Moreover, HE induced anti-neuroinflammatory effects through reducing astrocyte activation in the hippocampus, which was also abolished with temozolomide administration. Conclusion HE exerts antidepressant effects by promoting neurogenesis and reducing neuroinflammation through enhancing the BDNF-TrkB-CREB signalling pathway. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13020-021-00546-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pit Shan Chong
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Him Poon
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Chun Tsui
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Yuen Lew
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Michael Weng Lok Phang
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rachael Julia Yuenyinn Tan
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Poh Guat Cheng
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Ganofarm R&D SDN BHD, 01-01, SKYPOD SQUARE, Persiaran Puchong Jaya Selatan, Bandar Puchong Jaya, 47100, Puchong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China. .,Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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28
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Rodrigues RS, Paulo SL, Moreira JB, Tanqueiro SR, Sebastião AM, Diógenes MJ, Xapelli S. Adult Neural Stem Cells as Promising Targets in Psychiatric Disorders. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 29:1099-1117. [PMID: 32723008 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapies for psychiatric disorders is of utmost importance, given the enormous toll these disorders pose to society nowadays. This should be based on the identification of neural substrates and mechanisms that underlie disease etiopathophysiology. Adult neural stem cells (NSCs) have been emerging as a promising platform to counteract brain damage. In this perspective article, we put forth a detailed view of how NSCs operate in the adult brain and influence brain homeostasis, having profound implications at both behavioral and functional levels. We appraise evidence suggesting that adult NSCs play important roles in regulating several forms of brain plasticity, particularly emotional and cognitive flexibility, and that NSC dynamics are altered upon brain pathology. Furthermore, we discuss the potential therapeutic value of utilizing adult endogenous NSCs as vessels for regeneration, highlighting their importance as targets for the treatment of multiple mental illnesses, such as affective disorders, schizophrenia, and addiction. Finally, we speculate on strategies to surpass current challenges in neuropsychiatric disease modeling and brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui S Rodrigues
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara L Paulo
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João B Moreira
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara R Tanqueiro
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana M Sebastião
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria J Diógenes
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sara Xapelli
- Instituto de Farmacologia e Neurociências, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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29
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Khairuddin S, Ngo FY, Lim WL, Aquili L, Khan NA, Fung ML, Chan YS, Temel Y, Lim LW. A Decade of Progress in Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subcallosal Cingulate for the Treatment of Depression. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9103260. [PMID: 33053848 PMCID: PMC7601903 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9103260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depression contributes significantly to the global disability burden. Since the first clinical study of deep brain stimulation (DBS), over 446 patients with depression have now undergone this neuromodulation therapy, and 29 animal studies have investigated the efficacy of subgenual cingulate DBS for depression. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the progress of DBS of the subcallosal cingulate in humans and the medial prefrontal cortex, its rodent homolog. For preclinical animal studies, we discuss the various antidepressant-like behaviors induced by medial prefrontal cortex DBS and examine the possible mechanisms including neuroplasticity-dependent/independent cellular and molecular changes. Interestingly, the response rate of subcallosal cingulate Deep brain stimulation marks a milestone in the treatment of depression. DBS achieved response and remission rates of 64–76% and 37–63%, respectively, from clinical studies monitoring patients from 6–24 months. Although some studies showed its stimulation efficacy was limited, it still holds great promise as a therapy for patients with treatment-resistant depression. Overall, further research is still needed, including more credible clinical research, preclinical mechanistic studies, precise selection of patients, and customized electrical stimulation paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharafuddin Khairuddin
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Fung Yin Ngo
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Wei Ling Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
| | - Luca Aquili
- School of Psychological and Clinical Sciences, Charles Darwin University, NT0815 Darwin, Australia;
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, UAE;
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yasin Temel
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurosurgery, Maastricht University, 6229ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- Neuromodulation Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, L4 Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, China; (S.K.); (F.Y.N.); (W.L.L.); (M.-L.F.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Malaysia
- Correspondence:
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30
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Mograbi KDM, Suchecki D, da Silva SG, Covolan L, Hamani C. Chronic unpredictable restraint stress increases hippocampal pro-inflammatory cytokines and decreases motivated behavior in rats. Stress 2020; 23:427-436. [PMID: 31928117 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2020.1712355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Most chronic stress protocols are too laborious or do not abide by the two main characteristics of the stress concept: uncontrollability and unpredictability. The goal of this study was to establish a simple and reliable model of chronic stress, while maintaining the main features of the concept. Animals were exposed to chronic movement restraint with variable duration (2, 4 or 6 h, in an unpredictable schedule) for 3 weeks and assessed in several physiological and behavioral readouts known to reflect chronic stress states. Body weight, levels of plasma corticosterone, hippocampal pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, anxiety-like (novelty suppressed feeding and elevated plus maze) and motivated behaviors (sucrose negative contrast test and forced swim test) were evaluated three days after the end of the chronic protocol. Stressed animals had a lower body weight gain, higher levels of cytokines in the hippocampus, reduced suppression of a low concentration sucrose solution and increased immobility in the forced swim test. Based on these data, we suggest that chronic movement restraint with variable duration may be a suitable and simple protocol for the study of changes induced by chronic stress and for the testing of possible treatments relevant to psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Suchecki
- Departament of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Gomes da Silva
- Hospital do Câncer de Muriaé - Fundação Cristiano Varella, Centro Universitário UNIFAMINAS, Muriaé, Brazil
| | - Luciene Covolan
- Departament of Physiology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clement Hamani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Sartim AG, Sartim MA, Cummings RD, Dias-Baruffi M, Joca SR. Impaired emotional response to stress in mice lacking galectin-1 or galectin-3. Physiol Behav 2020; 220:112862. [PMID: 32156558 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-1 (Gal-1) and galectin-3 (Gal-3) are multifunctional glycan-binding proteins, expressed in the brain and in its limbic structures that are involved in behavioral control. Gal-1 induces the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and promotes adult neural stem cells proliferation, biological events impaired in stress-related psychiatric disorders, such as depression and anxiety. Despite that, there is no evidence regarding galectin involvement in emotional control during stressful situations. Thus, we analyzed the behavioral phenotype of Gal-1 or Gal-3 knock-out mice (Gal-1 KO or Gal-3 KO) in different experimental models predictive of depressive and compulsive-like behaviors. METHODS C57BL-6 Gal-1 KO, Gal-3 KO, and wild-type mice (WT) were analyzed under the open field test (OFT) and, 6 h later, under the forced swim test (FST). Additionally, independent groups of male mice, lacking galectins or not, were exposed to the tail suspension test (TST) or to the marble burying test (MBT). The hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of the mice submitted to MBT were dissected to access BDNF levels. RESULTS Both Gal-1 and Gal-3 KO mice showed increased time of immobility in the FST and in the TST compared to WT animals, thus reflecting an impaired stress-coping behavior. Additionally, Gal-1 and Gal-3 KO female mice presented increased compulsive-like behavior in the MBT, without significant changes in the locomotor activity. BDNF levels were found to be decreased in the PFC of Gal-1 KO mice. DISCUSSION Our results demonstrate that the absence of either endogenous Gal-1 and Gal-3 impairs stress-coping and increases compulsive-like behavior, suggesting that Gal-1 and Gal-3 are involved in the neurobiology of depression and obsessive-compulsive-like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Sartim
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M A Sartim
- Basic and Applied Immunology Graduate Program, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - R D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 3 Blackfan Circle, Room 11087, Boston, MA, 02115, United States
| | - M Dias-Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
| | - S R Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies (AIAS), Aarhus University, Aarhus Denmark.
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Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressants effects. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:88-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Planchez B, Surget A, Belzung C. WITHDRAWN: Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and antidepressants effects. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2020; 50:17-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2019.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Poon CH, Chan YS, Fung ML, Lim LW. Memory and neuromodulation: A perspective of DNA methylation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 111:57-68. [PMID: 31846654 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuromodulation techniques have shown promising efficacy on memory function and understanding the epigenetic mechanisms contributing to these processes would shed light on the molecular outcomes essential for cognition. In this review, we highlight some epigenetic mechanisms underlying neuromodulation and regulatory effects of neuronal activity-induced DNA methylation on genes that are highly involved in memory formation. Next, we examine the evidence to support DNA methyltransferase 3a, methyl-CpG binding protein 2, and DNA demethylase as possible memory modulation targets. Finally, we report the recent developments in the field of neuromodulation and explore the potential of these techniques for future neuroepigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Planchez B, Surget A, Belzung C. Animal models of major depression: drawbacks and challenges. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:1383-1408. [PMID: 31584111 PMCID: PMC6815270 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Major depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. This situation is mainly related to the chronicity and/or recurrence of the disorder, and to poor response to antidepressant therapy. Progress in this area requires valid animal models. Current models are based either on manipulating the environment to which rodents are exposed (during the developmental period or adulthood) or biological underpinnings (i.e. gene deletion or overexpression of candidate genes, targeted lesions of brain areas, optogenetic control of specific neuronal populations, etc.). These manipulations can alter specific behavioural and biological outcomes that can be related to different symptomatic and pathophysiological dimensions of major depression. However, animal models of major depression display substantial shortcomings that contribute to the lack of innovative pharmacological approaches in recent decades and which hamper our capabilities to investigate treatment-resistant depression. Here, we discuss the validity of these models, review putative models of treatment-resistant depression, major depression subtypes and recurrent depression. Furthermore, we identify future challenges regarding new paradigms such as those proposing dimensional rather than categorical approaches to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catherine Belzung
- UMR 1253, iBrain, Université de Tours, Inserm, Tours, France.
- UMR 1253, iBrain, UFR Sciences et Techniques, Parc Grandmont, 37200, Tours, France.
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Tsai ST, Liew HK, Li HM, Lin SZ, Chen SY. Harnessing Neurogenesis and Neuroplasticity with Stem Cell Treatment for Addictive Disorders. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1127-1131. [PMID: 31271057 PMCID: PMC6767895 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719859299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug and alcohol addiction has become an emerging public health issue and is a great
burden to patients, their families, and society. It is characterized by high relapse rates
and significant morbidity and mortality, and most available treatments result in only
modest improvement. These findings highlight the necessity for new approaches to treat
addiction. Scientific reports in the past two decades suggest that addiction involves
impaired neural plasticity and decreased hippocampal neurogenesis. Stem cell therapy and
its derived neurotrophic factors can potentially target the underlying pathophysiology of
addiction. Stem cell applications are showing promise in several preclinical studies and
may provide new and noninvasive treatment strategies. Future clinical research is
warranted to investigate whether stem cell-based therapy could support the treatment of
addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Tzung Tsai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien.,*Sheng-Tzung Tsai and Hock-Kean Liew contributed equally to this review
| | - Hock-Kean Liew
- Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien.,*Sheng-Tzung Tsai and Hock-Kean Liew contributed equally to this review
| | - Hao-Ming Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
| | - Shinn-Zong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien.,Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Hualien
| | - Shin-Yuan Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital, Tzu Chi University, Hualien.,Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien
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Reyes-Garcés N, Diwan M, Boyacı E, Gómez-Ríos GA, Bojko B, Nobrega JN, Bambico FR, Hamani C, Pawliszyn J. In Vivo Brain Sampling Using a Microextraction Probe Reveals Metabolic Changes in Rodents after Deep Brain Stimulation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9875-9884. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaly Reyes-Garcés
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Ezel Boyacı
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - German A. Gómez-Ríos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Barbara Bojko
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - José N. Nobrega
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Francis R. Bambico
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
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Jia L, Sun Z, Shi D, Wang M, Jia J, He Y, Xue F, Ren Y, Yang J, Ma X. Effects of different patterns of electric stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex on hippocampal–prefrontal coherence in a rat model of depression. Behav Brain Res 2019; 356:179-188. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Dandekar MP, Saxena A, Scaini G, Shin JH, Migut A, Giridharan VV, Zhou Y, Barichello T, Soares JC, Quevedo J, Fenoy AJ. Medial Forebrain Bundle Deep Brain Stimulation Reverses Anhedonic-Like Behavior in a Chronic Model of Depression: Importance of BDNF and Inflammatory Cytokines. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4364-4380. [PMID: 30317434 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1381-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) displays a promising antidepressant effects in patients with treatment-refractory depression; however, a clear consensus on underlying mechanisms is still enigmatic. Herein, we investigated the effects of MFB-DBS on anhedonic-like behavior using the Froot Loops® consumption in a chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUS) model of depression, biochemical estimation of peripheral and central inflammatory cytokines, stress hormone, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Seven days of MFB-DBS significantly reversed the 42-day CUS-generated anhedonic-like phenotype (p < 0.02) indicated by an increase in Froot Loops® consumption. Gross locomotor activity and body weight remained unaffected across the different groups. A dramatic augmentation of adrenocorticotropic hormone levels was seen in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of CUS rats, which significantly reduced following MFB-DBS treatment. However, C-reactive protein levels were found to be unaffected. Interestingly, decreased levels of BDNF in the CUS animals were augmented in the plasma, CSF, and hippocampus following MFB-DBS, but remained unaltered in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). While multiplex assay revealed no change in the neuronal levels of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1α, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, and IL-17 in the neuroanatomical framework of the hippocampus and NAc, increased levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-18, TNF-α, and INF-γ were seen in these brain structures after CUS and were differentially modulated in the presence of MFB stimulation. Here, we show that there is dysregulation of BDNF and neuroimmune mediators in a stress-driven chronic depression model, and that chronic MFB-DBS has the potential to undo these aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj P Dandekar
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ashwini Saxena
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joo Hyun Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Mischer Neurosurgical Associates, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6400 Fannin, Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Agata Migut
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Mischer Neurosurgical Associates, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6400 Fannin, Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijayasree Vayalanellore Giridharan
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuzhi Zhou
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, People's Republic of China
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jair C Soares
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joao Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Albert J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, Mischer Neurosurgical Associates, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6400 Fannin, Suite 2800, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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Kumbhare D, Palys V, Toms J, Wickramasinghe CS, Amarasinghe K, Manic M, Hughes E, Holloway KL. Nucleus Basalis of Meynert Stimulation for Dementia: Theoretical and Technical Considerations. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:614. [PMID: 30233297 PMCID: PMC6130053 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) is currently being evaluated as a potential therapy to improve memory and overall cognitive function in dementia. Although, the animal literature has demonstrated robust improvement in cognitive functions, phase 1 trial results in humans have not been as clear-cut. We hypothesize that this may reflect differences in electrode location within the NBM, type and timing of stimulation, and the lack of a biomarker for determining the stimulation's effectiveness in real time. In this article, we propose a methodology to address these issues in an effort to effectively interface with this powerful cognitive nucleus for the treatment of dementia. Specifically, we propose the use of diffusion tensor imaging to identify the nucleus and its tracts, quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) to identify the physiologic response to stimulation during programming, and investigation of stimulation parameters that incorporate the phase locking and cross frequency coupling of gamma and slower oscillations characteristic of the NBM's innate physiology. We propose that modulating the baseline gamma burst stimulation frequency, specifically with a slower rhythm such as theta or delta will pose more effective coupling between NBM and different cortical regions involved in many learning processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumbhare
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- McGuire Research Institute, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Viktoras Palys
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Toms
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Southeast PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Kasun Amarasinghe
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Milos Manic
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Evan Hughes
- School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Kathryn L. Holloway
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, United States
- Southeast PD Research, Education and Clinical Center, Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA, United States
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Sasmita AO, Kuruvilla J, Ling APK. Harnessing neuroplasticity: modern approaches and clinical future. Int J Neurosci 2018; 128:1061-1077. [DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1466781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Octavian Sasmita
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Joshua Kuruvilla
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anna Pick Kiong Ling
- Division of Applied Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Dandekar MP, Fenoy AJ, Carvalho AF, Soares JC, Quevedo J. Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression: an integrative review of preclinical and clinical findings and translational implications. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1094-1112. [PMID: 29483673 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2018.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment choice for Parkinson's disease (PD), essential tremor and movement disorders, its effectiveness for the management of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains unclear. Herein, we conducted an integrative review on major neuroanatomical targets of DBS pursued for the treatment of intractable TRD. The aim of this review article is to provide a critical discussion of possible underlying mechanisms for DBS-generated antidepressant effects identified in preclinical studies and clinical trials, and to determine which brain target(s) elicited the most promising outcomes considering acute and maintenance treatment of TRD. Major electronic databases were searched to identify preclinical and clinical studies that have investigated the effects of DBS on depression-related outcomes. Overall, 92 references met inclusion criteria, and have evaluated six unique DBS targets namely the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG), nucleus accumbens (NAc), ventral capsule/ventral striatum or anterior limb of internal capsule (ALIC), medial forebrain bundle (MFB), lateral habenula (LHb) and inferior thalamic peduncle for the treatment of unrelenting TRD. Electrical stimulation of these pertinent brain regions displayed differential effects on mood transition in patients with TRD. In addition, 47 unique references provided preclinical evidence for putative neurobiological mechanisms underlying antidepressant effects of DBS applied to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex, NAc, MFB, LHb and subthalamic nucleus. Preclinical studies suggest that stimulation parameters and neuroanatomical locations could influence DBS-related antidepressant effects, and also pointed that modulatory effects on monoamine neurotransmitters in target regions or interconnected brain networks following DBS could have a role in the antidepressant effects of DBS. Among several neuromodulatory targets that have been investigated, DBS in the neuroanatomical framework of the SCG, ALIC and MFB yielded more consistent antidepressant response rates in samples with TRD. Nevertheless, more well-designed randomized double-blind, controlled trials are warranted to further assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of these more promising DBS targets for the management of TRD as therapeutic effects have been inconsistent across some controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Dandekar
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - A J Fenoy
- Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - A F Carvalho
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - J C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J Quevedo
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Criciúma, Brazil
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Volle J, Bregman T, Scott B, Diwan M, Raymond R, Fletcher PJ, Nobrega JN, Hamani C. Deep brain stimulation and fluoxetine exert different long-term changes in the serotonergic system. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:63-72. [PMID: 29505786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Both selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) deep brain stimulation (DBS) modulate serotonergic activity. We compared the acute (1 day) and long-term (12 days) effects of vmPFC stimulation and fluoxetine on serotonin (5-HT) release and receptor expression in rats. Samples to measure serotonin levels were collected from the hippocampus using microdialysis. Serotonin transporter (SERT), 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B mRNA were measured using in situ hybridization. [3H]8-OH-DPAT and [125I]cyanopindolol autoradiography were used to measure 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B binding. Our results show that after fluoxetine injections serotonin levels were approximately 150% higher than at baseline. Twelve days later, pre-injection 5-HT extracellular concentration was substantially higher than on day 1. In contrast, serotonin levels following DBS were only 50% higher than at baseline. While pre-stimulation 5-HT on day 12 was significantly higher than on treatment day 1, no stimulation-induced 5-HT peak was recorded. SERT expression in the dorsal raphe was increased after acute fluoxetine and decreased following a single day of DBS. Neither fluoxetine nor DBS administered acutely substantially changed 5-HT1A or 5-HT1B binding. Chronic fluoxetine treatment, however, was associated with a decrease in [3H]8-OH-DPAT prefrontal cortex and hippocampus expression. In contrast, chronic DBS induced a significant increase in [125I]cyanopindolol binding in the prefrontal cortex, globus pallidus, substantia nigra and raphe nuclei. mRNA expression of 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B in raphe nuclei was not altered by either treatment. These results suggest that fluoxetine and DBS modulate activity of the serotonergic system but likely exert their effects through different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Volle
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Tatiana Bregman
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Brian Scott
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Mustansir Diwan
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Roger Raymond
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Biopsychology Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Harqauil Neuromodulation Centre, Hurvitz Brain Science Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto, ON, M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Kanzari A, Bourcier-Lucas C, Freyssin A, Abrous DN, Haddjeri N, Lucas G. Inducing a long-term potentiation in the dentate gyrus is sufficient to produce rapid antidepressant-like effects. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:587-596. [PMID: 28485406 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent hypotheses propose that one prerequisite to obtain a rapid antidepressant (AD) effect would reside in processes of synaptic reinforcement occurring within the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus independently from neurogenesis. However, to date no relationship has been established between an increased DG synaptic plasticity, and rapid AD-like action. To the best of our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that inducing a long-term potentiation (LTP) within the DG by stimulating the perforant pathway (PP) is sufficient to induce such effects. Thus, Sprague-Dawley rats having undergone a successful LTP displayed a significant reduction of immobility when passed acutely 3 days thereafter in the forced swimming test (FST). Further, in a longitudinal paradigm using the pseudo-depressed Wistar-Kyoto rat strain, LTP elicited a decrease of FST immobility after only 2 days, whereas the AD desipramine was not effective before 16 days. In both models, the influence of LTP was transient, as it was no more observed after 8-9 days. No effects were observed on the locomotor activity or on anxiety-related behavior. Theta-burst stimulation of a brain region anatomically adjacent to the PP remained ineffective in the FST. Immunoreactivity of DG cells for phosphorylated histone H3 and doublecortin were not modified three days after LTP, indicating a lack of effect on both cell proliferation and neurogenesis. Finally, depleting brain serotonin contents reduced the success rate of LTP but did not affect its subsequent AD-like effects. These results confirm the 'plastic DG' theory of rapid AD efficacy. Beyond, they point out stimulations of the entorhinal cortex, from which the PP originates, as putative new approaches in AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanzari
- INSERM and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau U846, Lyon, France.,Department of Biology, Université de Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - C Bourcier-Lucas
- INSERM and Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - A Freyssin
- INSERM and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau U846, Lyon, France
| | - D N Abrous
- INSERM and Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Bordeaux, France
| | - N Haddjeri
- INSERM and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau U846, Lyon, France
| | - G Lucas
- INSERM and Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut Cellule Souche et Cerveau U846, Lyon, France.,INSERM and Université de Bordeaux, Neurocentre Magendie U1215, Bordeaux, France
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Eliwa H, Belzung C, Surget A. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis: Is it the alpha and omega of antidepressant action? Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 141:86-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Xie ZM, Wang XM, Xu N, Wang J, Pan W, Tang XH, Zhou ZQ, Hashimoto K, Yang JJ. Alterations in the inflammatory cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor contribute to depression-like phenotype after spared nerve injury: improvement by ketamine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3124. [PMID: 28600519 PMCID: PMC5466642 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03590-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although pain is frequently accompanied with depression, little is known about the risk factors contributing to individual differences to the comorbidity of pain and depression. In this study, we examined whether cytokines and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) might contribute to the individual differences in the development of neuropathic pain-induced depression. Rats were randomly subjected to spared nerved ligation (SNI) or sham surgery. The SNI rats were divided into two groups by the data from depression-related behavioral tests. Rats with depression-like phenotype displayed higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6) as well as imbalance of pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines compared with rats without depression-like phenotype and sham-operated rats. Levels of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex of rats with depression-like phenotype were lower than those of rats without depression-like phenotype and sham-operated rats. A single dose of ketamine ameliorated depression-like behaviors in the rats with depression-like phenotype. Interestingly, higher serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in the rat with depression-like phenotype were normalized after a single dose of ketamine. These findings suggest that alterations in the inflammatory cytokines and BDNF might contribute to neuropathic pain-induced depression, and that serum cytokines may be predictable biomarkers for ketamine’s antidepressant actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Min Xie
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Anesthetic and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medicine University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xing-Ming Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Anesthetic and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medicine University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Tang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Jian-Jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. .,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology & Jiangsu Province Laboratory of Anesthetic and Analgesia Application Technology, Xuzhou Medicine University, Xuzhou, China.
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47
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Commons KG, Cholanians AB, Babb JA, Ehlinger DG. The Rodent Forced Swim Test Measures Stress-Coping Strategy, Not Depression-like Behavior. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:955-960. [PMID: 28287253 PMCID: PMC5518600 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 325] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The forced swim test (FST) measures coping strategy to an acute inescapable stress and thus provides unique insight into the neural limb of the stress response. Stress, particularly chronic stress, is a contributing factor to depression in humans and depression is associated with altered response to stress. In addition, drugs that are effective antidepressants in humans typically promote active coping strategy in the FST. As a consequence, passive coping in the FST has become loosely equated with depression and is often referred to as "depression-like" behavior. This terminology oversimplifies complex biology and misrepresents both the utility and limitations of the FST. The FST provides little construct- or face-validity to support an interpretation as "depression-like" behavior. While stress coping and the FST are arguably relevant to depression, there are likely many factors that can influence stress coping strategy. Importantly, there are other neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by altered responses to stress and difficulty in adapting to change. One of these is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and several mouse genetic models of ASD exhibit altered stress-coping strategies in the FST. Here we review evidence that argues a more thoughtful consideration of the FST, and more precise terminology, would benefit the study of stress and disorders characterized by altered response to stress, which include but are not limited to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn G. Commons
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aram B. Cholanians
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Jessica A. Babb
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Daniel G. Ehlinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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48
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Torres-Sanchez S, Perez-Caballero L, Berrocoso E. Cellular and molecular mechanisms triggered by Deep Brain Stimulation in depression: A preclinical and clinical approach. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 73:1-10. [PMID: 27644164 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) was originally developed as a therapeutic approach to manage movement disorders, in particular Parkinson's Disease. However, DBS also seems to be an effective treatment against refractory depression when patients fail to respond satisfactorily to conventional therapies. Thus, DBS targeting specific brain areas can produce an antidepressant response that improves depressive symptomatology, these areas including the subcallosal cingulate region, nucleus accumbens, ventral capsule/ventral striatum, medial forebrain bundle, the inferior thalamic peduncle and lateral habenula. Although the efficacy and safety of this therapy has been demonstrated in some clinical trials and preclinical studies, the intrinsic mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect remain poorly understood. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DBS, focusing on the molecular and cellular changes reported after its use that could shed light on the mechanisms underpinning its antidepressant effect. Several potential mechanisms of action of DBS are considered, including monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory mechanisms, as well as potential effects on certain intracellular signaling pathways. Although future studies will be necessary to determine the key molecular events underlying the antidepressant effect of DBS, the findings presented provide an insight into some of its possible modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Torres-Sanchez
- Department of Neuroscience, Pharmacology and Psychiatry, University of Cádiz, Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - L Perez-Caballero
- Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Cádiz, Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain
| | - E Berrocoso
- Department of Psychology, Area of Psychobiology, University of Cádiz, Neuropsychopharmacology & Psychobiology Research Group, CIBER for Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Spain.
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49
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Bezchlibnyk YB, Stone SSD, Hamani C, Lozano AM. High frequency stimulation of the infralimbic cortex induces morphological changes in rat hippocampal neurons. Brain Stimul 2016; 10:315-323. [PMID: 27964870 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although a significant subset of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) fail to respond to medical or behavioural therapy, deep brain stimulation (DBS) applied to the subgenual cingulate cortex (SCC; sg25) has been shown to reduce depressive symptoms in a subset of patients. This area receives projections from neurons in the CA1 region and subiculum of the hippocampus (HC), a brain region implicated in the pathobiology and treatment of MDD. OBJECTIVE To assess whether high frequency stimulation (HFS) of the infralimbic cortex is associated with changes in cellular morphology in the HC. METHODS Rats were subjected to either infralimbic HFS or sham-stimulation. Measures of cellular morphology, including dendritic length and complexity, were assessed in pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the HC by means of the Golgi-Cox histological stain. RESULTS Dendritic length (p = 0.013) and number of branch points (p = 0.004) were significantly increased across the entire dendritic tree in animals subjected to HFS. Subsequent Scholl analysis revealed that for dendritic length these effects were localized to the region between 80 and 160 μm from the soma (p < 0.001 for either 40 μm interval) in the basal dendritic tree, while branch point number was predominantly increased between 120 and 160 μm from the soma (p < 0.001) in the apical dendritic tree. CONCLUSIONS High-frequency stimulation of the infralimbic cortex increases the complexity of apical dendrites and the length of basal dendritic trees of pyramidal neurons located in the CA1 hippocampal subfield relative to sham-stimulated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarema B Bezchlibnyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Scellig S D Stone
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clement Hamani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andres M Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto Western Research Institute, Krembil Discovery Tower, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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50
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Reznikov R, Binko M, Nobrega JN, Hamani C. Deep Brain Stimulation in Animal Models of Fear, Anxiety, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2810-2817. [PMID: 26932819 PMCID: PMC5061888 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although medications and psychotherapy are often effective for the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 20-30% of patients do not respond to these conventional therapies. In psychiatry, DBS has been either approved or is currently under investigation for different disorders. At present, whether DBS may be used to treat PTSD remains unknown. Preclinical research may provide the scientific rationale for helping conceive and further improve such trials. Some of the animal models commonly used to date are more suitable for investigating mechanisms of anxiety and fear than the long-lasting behavior that characterized PTSD. That said, mechanisms and neurocircuits involved in paradigms such as fear conditioning and extinction share several common features with those of PTSD. In this article, we review preclinical studies in which electrical stimulation has been delivered to animal models of PTSD-like behavior. In those studies, commonly targeted regions were the basolateral amygdala, ventral striatum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex. Overall, stimulation delivered at high frequencies to most of these targets improved fear extinction and anxiety-like behavior. Though further research is certainly needed, promising findings from DBS studies in animals are encouraging and suggest a positive future perspective for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Reznikov
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mary Binko
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - José N Nobrega
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada,Neuroimaging Research Section, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada, Tel: +1 416 5358501, ext 4295, Fax: +1 416 6035298, E-mail:
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