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Qiu Y, Liu L, Xu C, Zhao B, Lin H, Liu H, Xian W, Yang H, Wang R, Yang X. Farmland's silent threat: Comprehensive multimedia assessment of micropollutants through non-targeted screening and targeted analysis in agricultural systems. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135064. [PMID: 38968823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Intricate agricultural ecosystems markedly influence the dynamics of organic micropollutants, posing substantial threats to aquatic organisms and human health. This study examined the occurrence and distribution of organic micropollutants across soils, ditch sediment, and water within highly intensified farming setups. Using a non-targeted screening method, we identified 405 micropollutants across 10 sampling sites, which mainly included pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and personal care products. This inventory comprised emerging contaminants, banned pesticides, and controlled pharmaceuticals that had eluded detection via conventional monitoring. Targeted analysis showed concentrations of 3.99-1021 ng/g in soils, 4.67-2488 ng/g in sediment, and 12.5-9373 ng/L in water, respectively, for Σ40pesticides, Σ8pharmaceuticals, and Σ3industrial chemicals, indicating notable spatial variability. Soil organic carbon content and wastewater discharge were likely responsible for their spatial distribution. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis revealed a potential transfer of micropollutants across the three media. Particularly, a heightened correlation was decerned between soil and sediment micropollutant levels, highlighting the role of sorption processes. Risk quotients surpassed the threshold of 1 for 13-23 micropollutants across the three media, indicating high environmental risks. This study highlights the importance of employing non-targeted and targeted screening in assessing and managing environmental risks associated with micropollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Lijun Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Caifei Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Bo Zhao
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Hang Lin
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - He Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China
| | - Weixuan Xian
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Han Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, PR China.
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Tian J, Qian Y, He X, Qi R, Lei J, Wang Q, Feng C. Influencing factors and risk assessment of phthalate ester pollution in the agricultural soil on a tropical island. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142041. [PMID: 38636919 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Phthalate esters (PAEs) are widely prevalent in agricultural soil and pose potential risks to crop growth and food safety. However, the current understanding of factors influencing the behavior and fate of PAEs is limited. This study conducted a large-scale investigation (106 sites in 18 counties with 44 crop types) of 16 types of PAEs on a tropical island. Special attention was given to the impacts of land use type, soil environmental conditions, agricultural activity intensity, and urbanization level. The health risks to adults and children from soil PAEs via multiple routes of exposure were also evaluated. The results showed that the mean concentration of PAEs was 451.87 ± 284.08 μg kg-1 in the agricultural soil. Elevated agricultural and urbanization activities contributed to more pronounced contamination by PAEs in the northern and southern regions. Land use type strongly affected the concentration and composition of PAEs in agricultural soils, and the soil PAE concentration decreased in the order of vegetable fields, orchards, paddy fields, and woodlands. In paddy fields, di-isobutyl phthalate and di-n-butyl phthalate made more substantial contributions to the process through which the overlying water inhibited volatilization. Soil microplastic abundance, pesticide usage, crop yield, gross domestic product, and distance to the nearest city were calculated to be the major factors influencing the concentration and distribution of PAEs. Soil pH, organic matter content, microplastic abundance and the fertilizer application rate can affect the adsorption of PAEs by changing the soil environment. A greater risk was detected in the northern region and paddy fields due to the higher soil PAE concentrations and the dietary structure of the population. This study reveals important pathways influencing the sources and fate of PAE pollution in agricultural soils, providing fundamental data for controlling PAE contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Yibin Qian
- Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 571127, Haikou, PR China; National Plot Zone for Ecological Conservation (Hainan) Research Center, 571127, Haikou, PR China
| | - Xiaokang He
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Ruifang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Jinming Lei
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Chenghong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; The Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China.
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3
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Lu YS, Liu ZB, Xu YY, Sha JY, Qu D, Sun YS. Uptake and accumulation of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in a soil-ginseng system and toxicological mechanisms on ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:170040. [PMID: 38215853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is regarded as a priority environmental pollutant. This study explored the adsorption and accumulation of DEHP within the ginseng-soil system and the mechanism of DEHP toxicity to ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer). Under exposure to 22.10 mg/kg DEHP in soil, DEHP mainly accumulated in ginseng leaves (20.28 mg/kg), stems (4.84 mg/kg) and roots (2.00 mg/kg) after 42 days. The oxidative damage, metabolism, protein express of ginseng were comprehensively measured and analyzed. The results revealed that MDA presented an activation trend in ginseng stems and leaves after 42 days of DEHP exposure, while the opposite trend was observed for POD. Levels of ginsenoside metabolites Rg2, Rg3, Rg5, Rd, Rf and CK decreased in the ginseng rhizosphere exudates under DEHP stress. Further investigations revealed that DEHP disrupts ginsenoside synthesis by inducing glycosyltransferase (GS) and squalene synthase (SS) protein interactions. Molecular docking indicated that DEHP could stably bind to GS and SS by intermolecular forces. These findings provide new information on the ecotoxicological effect of DEHP on ginseng root.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shun Lu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China; Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng-Bo Liu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yan-Yang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Product Quality and Safety, Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ji-Yue Sha
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Di Qu
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China
| | - Yin-Shi Sun
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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Bai X, Pan K, Shoaib N, Sun X, Wu X, Zhang L. Status of phthalate esters pollution in facility agriculture across China: Spatial distribution, risk assessment, and remediation measures. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168416. [PMID: 37944601 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive utilization of phthalate esters (PAEs) in plastic products has led to an emergent concern regarding the PAEs contamination in environmental matrices. However, the overall understanding of PAEs pollution in facility agriculture and its relevant risks remain limited. In this paper, the characteristics, health risks, and remediation measures of PAEs pollution in facility agriculture across China were analyzed. In general, PAEs pollution in facility agriculture soil in SWC and vegetables in SC were more serious than that in the other six regions (p < 0.05). The total level of six PAEs ranged from 0.053 to 5.663 mg·kg-1 in soil samples, nd (not detectable) to 12.540 mg·kg-1 in vegetable samples, with mean values of 0.951 mg·kg-1 and 2.458 mg·kg-1, respectively. DEHP and DnBP were dominant in both soil and vegetable samples with a total contribution of over 70 % of the six PAEs, but their concentrations were a little lower in soil samples. The PAEs concentrations of leafy, root, and fruit vegetables exhibited a descending trend. Correlation analysis revealed that the relationships between soil and vegetable PAEs concentrations remained inconclusive, lacking clear correlations. Furthermore, risk assessments indicated that the hazard quotient (HQ) for both total and individual PAEs in the vast majority of vegetable samples remained within acceptable thresholds. Meanwhile, all values for carcinogenic risks (CR) were confined within the range of 10-4. In conclusion, the study outlines remediation measures aimed at precluding and mitigating the environmental risks associated with PAEs exposure. These findings furnish a scientific foundation for the targeted assessment and judicious management of PAEs pollution within facility agriculture landscape of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization and Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Froger C, Jolivet C, Budzinski H, Pierdet M, Caria G, Saby NPA, Arrouays D, Bispo A. Pesticide Residues in French Soils: Occurrence, Risks, and Persistence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:7818-7827. [PMID: 37172312 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c09591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the environment by pesticide residues is a growing concern given their widespread presence in the environment and their effects on ecosystems. Only a few studies have addressed the occurrence of pesticides in soils, and their results highlighted the need for further research on the persistence and risks induced by those substances. We monitored 111 pesticide residues (48 fungicides, 36 herbicides, 25 insecticides and/or acaricides, and two safeners) in 47 soils sampled across France under various land uses (arable lands, vineyards, orchards, forests, grasslands, and brownfields). Pesticides were found in 98% of the sites (46 of the 47 sampled), including untreated areas such as organic fields, forests, grasslands, and brownfields, with up to 33 different substances detected in one sample, mostly fungicides and herbicides. The concentrations of herbicides were the highest in soils with glyphosate, and its transformation product, AMPA, contributed 70% of the cumulative herbicides. Risk assessment underlined a moderate to high risk for earthworms in arable soils mostly attributed to insecticides and/or acaricides. Finally, the comparison with pesticide application by farmers underlines the presence of some residues long after their supposed 90% degradation and at concentrations higher than predicted environmental concentrations, leading to questions their real persistence in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hélène Budzinski
- Bordeaux University, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Manon Pierdet
- Bordeaux University, EPOC-LPTC, UMR 5805 CNRS, 33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | - Giovanni Caria
- INRAE, US0010 Laboratoire d'analyses des sols, 700 Avenue d'Immercourt, 62223 Saint-Laurent-Blangy, France
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Sun W, Liu H, Qiao A, Jiang T, Li J, Wang L, Yang L, Huang H, Yan X, Yan B. Transgenic RFP-RPS-30 UbL strain of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a biomonitor for environmental pollutants. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:770-782. [PMID: 36602409 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollutants are recognized as one of the major concerns for public health. The free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are widely used to evaluate the toxicity of environmental contaminants in biomonitoring researches. In the present study, a new transgenic strain, rps-30-/- ;RFP-RPS-30UbL was generated, with constitutively active rps-30 promoter used to control the expression of RFP-RPS-30UbL fusion protein. We found RFP-RPS-30UbL would accumulate to form 'rod-like' structures, when worms were exposed to environmental contaminants, including Cd, Hg, Pb, As, Paraquat and Dichlorvos. The number of the 'rod-like' structures was induced by environmental contaminants in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The 'rod-like' structure formation could be detectable in response to the concentration of each contaminant as low as 24-h LC50 × 10-7 , and the detectable time could be within 2 h. Detecting the transcription and expression levels of RFP-RPS-30UbL in worms exposed to different kinds of environmental contaminants showed that the expression level of RFP-RPS-30UbL was not regulated by environmental contaminants, and the number differences of 'rod-like' structures were just due to the morphological change of RFP-RPS-30UbL from dispersion to accumulation induced by environmental contaminants. In addition, this transgenic strain was developed in rps-30-/- homozygous worm, which was a longevity strain. Detection of lifespan and brood size showed that rps-30-/- ;RFP-RPS-30UbL transgenic worm was more suitable to be cultured and used further than N2;GFP-RPS-30UbL , for expressing RPS-30UbL in wild type N2 worms shortened the lifespan and deceased the brood size. Therefore, rps-30-/- ;RFP-RPS-30UbL transgenic worm might play a potential role in versatile environmental biomonitoring, with the advantage of not only the convenient and quick fluorescence-based reporter assay, but also the quantificational evaluation of the toxicities of environmental contaminants using 'rod-like' structures with high sensitivity, off-limited the expression level of the reporter protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Sun
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Aijun Qiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Medicine and School of Engineering, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ting Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- School of First Clinic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianghui Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Huicong Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiumei Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolong Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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7
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Wang L, Gan D, Gong L, Zhang Y, Wang J, Guan R, Zeng L, Qu J, Dong M, Wang L. Analysis of the performance of the efficient di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-degrading bacterium Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2 and associated catabolic pathways. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 306:135610. [PMID: 35810862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of plastic has led to the global occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) pollution. PAEs can be effectively removed from polluted environments by microbe-mediated degradation. Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has the highest residual concentration in agricultural soil-contaminated areas compared to other PAEs in most of China. The Rhodococcus pyridinovorans DNHP-S2 microbial isolate identified was found to efficiently degrade DEHP. Within a 72 h period, the bacteria were able to degrade 52.47% and 99.75% of 500 mg L-1 DEHP at 10 °C and 35 °C, respectively. Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) was first identified as an intermediate metabolite of DEHP, which is different from the previously reported DEHP catabolic pathway. Genomic sequencing of DNHP-S2 identified benzoate 1,2-dioxygenase and catechol 2,3/1,2-dioxygenase as potential mediators of DEHP degradation, consistent with the existence of two downstream metabolic pathways governing DEHP degradation. Three targets DEHP metabolism-related enzymes were found to be DEHP-inducible at the mRNA level, and DNHP-S2 was able to mediate the complete degradation of DEHP at lower temperatures, as confirmed via RT-qPCR. DNHP-S2 was also found to readily break down other PAEs including DMP, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP), and n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP). Together, these results thus highlight DNHP-S2 as a bacterial strain with great promise as a tool for the remediation of PAE pollution. In addition to providing new germplasm and genetic resources for use in the context of PAE degradation, these results also offer new insight into the potential mechanisms whereby PAEs undergo catabolic degradation, making them well-suited for use in PAE-contaminated environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Deping Gan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Gong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Zeng
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Maofeng Dong
- Pesticide Safety Evaluation Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beizhai Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
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Huang F, Guan R, Wang J, Wang L, Zhang Y, Wang S, Wang L, Qu J, Dong M, Rong S. Interference between di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and heavy metals (Cd and Cu) in a Mollisol during aging and mobilization. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155635. [PMID: 35513158 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diffuse pollution of the soil by phthalates and heavy metals causes numerous concerns. Their respective fates when coexisting require further investigation. In this study, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Cd/Cu were used as subjects, focusing on their behavior in Mollisols under combined pollution based on their concentration, fractionation, and leaching. The results indicated that when the two pollutants coexist, the dissipation rate of DEHP in the soil decreased, and its half-life was extended from 30.81 to 40.53 (Cd) and 35.40 d (Cu). DEHP altered the distribution of Cd and Cu in the soil, and this effect persisted after most of the DEHP had degraded. Leaching tests showed that the interaction of DEHP with Cd and Cu hindered leaching during the first rainfall event, but as DEHP degraded and Cd/Cu stabilized, the trapped pollutants were gradually released in subsequent rainfall events. Additionally, to investigate the partitioning of pollutants between soil water and solid surfaces, a diffusion model of DEHP and metal ions on the surface of montmorillonite (high specific surface area adsorbents abundant in soils) was built using molecular dynamics simulations. Simulations revealed their density distribution on the clay surface increased synergistically, whereas their diffusion was antagonistic. This study provides basic data and theoretical support concerning the ecological risk assessment of combined phthalate and heavy metals pollution in soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Jianhua Qu
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Maofeng Dong
- Pesticide Safety Evaluation Research Center, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, PR China
| | - Shaowen Rong
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, PR China
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Sabzevari S, Hofman J. A worldwide review of currently used pesticides' monitoring in agricultural soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 812:152344. [PMID: 34919921 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of pesticides on the agricultural ecosystem have been matter of concern in recent decades. However, attention has mostly been directed to highly persistent chemicals leading to underestimating currently used pesticides. In this review we present an overview of the studies on monitoring currently used pesticides in agricultural soils around the world published in the last 50 years. Furthermore, all data available in the articles has been integrated into one united data set. Finally, an overall meta-analysis on the prepared data set was performed. The result of the meta-analysis has been presented in this article. It was revealed that the occurrence of currently used pesticides in the soil of agricultural regions was alarming in many countries, establishing the need for long-term monitoring programs, especially in regions with intensive agricultural activities, in order to determine real-world currently used pesticides fate and accumulation in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Sabzevari
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
| | - Jakub Hofman
- RECETOX, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic.
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Cui Y, Zhang Q, Yin K, Song N, Wang B, Lin H. DEHP-induce damage in grass carp hepatocytes and the remedy of Eucalyptol. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 206:111151. [PMID: 32858329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wide application of plastic products led to the wide exposure of plasticizer in environment. As a new environmental pollutant, plasticizers' toxicity researches were far from enough in fish. In order to further explore these mechanisms, we used Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), a common plasticizer, treated the grass carp hepatocytes, and selected Eucalyptol (EUC) to study its antagonistic effect on DEHP. The results showed that after DEHP exposure, oxidative stress level and inflammation in grass carp hepatocytes were increased, and then mRNA and protein expression of apoptosis related markers were increased significantly, leading to hepatocytes apoptosis. Moreover, AO/EB staining and Hoethst staining also showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased after DEHP exposure. It should be noted that both EUC pretreatment and EUC simultaneous treatment could alleviate the oxidative stress, levels of inflammatory factors and apoptosis induced by DEHP. In comparison, the effect of EUC simultaneous treatment was better. Our results showed that DEHP induced apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes through oxidative stress and inflammation, while EUC could alleviate apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation caused by DEHP. The innovation of this study was to explore the interaction between DEHP and EUC for the first time. This study found that DEHP could cause apoptosis in grass carp hepatocytes through oxidative stress and inflammation; EUC had a good antagonistic effect on a series of damage in grass carp hepatocytes caused by DEHP, and EUC pretreatment and simultaneous treatment had a certain effect, among which, simultaneous treatment had a better effect. This study enriched the theoretical mechanism of DEHP toxicity in fish hepatocytes, and put forward the methods to solve the toxicity of DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Qiaojian Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Nuan Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Hongjin Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, PR China.
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11
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Malusá E, Tartanus M, Danelski W, Miszczak A, Szustakowska E, Kicińska J, Furmanczyk EM. Monitoring of DDT in Agricultural Soils under Organic Farming in Poland and the Risk of Crop Contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 66:916-929. [PMID: 32815049 PMCID: PMC7591450 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of 142 agricultural soil samples collected in organic farms across Poland with the intent to evaluate the level of DDT contamination resulted in more than 80% of the soils containing DDT. The ΣDDT (sum of all metabolites and isomers) concentration ranged between 0.005 and 0.383 mg/kg ΣDDT, with an average value of 0.064 mg/kg ΣDDT. However, the majority of plant samples collected from the crops growing on the sampled soils did not contain detectable DDT residues. The high DDT pollution levels detected in samples from four voivodeships (regions) among those monitored have been hypothesised to be linked to horticultural productions occurring to the sampled fields and typical of those regions, particularly in big-sized farms, during the period of DDT application, as well as the number of pesticides landfills present in these voivodeships. The elaboration of the o,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDT and DDT/(DDE + DDD) ratios to appraise the source or the period of contamination suggested that the contamination originated from past use of DDT rather than from impurities of more recent applications of other formulated substances. Such outcome thus suggests that the risk of contamination of organic products is likely derived from general environmental pollution levels rather than from the use of unauthorised substances in organic farming productions. Data from a trial with artificial contamination of soils indicated that using the DDT/(DDE + DDD) ratio in the presence of a low level of contamination could be less reliable than in highly contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eligio Malusá
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.
| | | | | | - Artur Miszczak
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland
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12
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Du PP, Huang YH, Lü H, Xiang L, Li YW, Li H, Mo CH, Cai QY, Li QX. Rice root exudates enhance desorption and bioavailability of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in soil associating with cultivar variation in PAE accumulation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 186:109611. [PMID: 32668551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) is a class of prevalent pollutants in agricultural soil, threating food safety through crop uptake and accumulation of PAEs. Accumulation of PAEs varies largely among crop species and cultivars. Nevertheless, how root exudates affect PAE bioavailability, dissipation, uptake and accumulation is still not well understood. In the present study, desorption and pot experiments were designed to investigate how root exudates from high-(Peizataifeng) and low-(Fengyousimiao) PAE accumulating rice cultivars affect soil PAE bioavailability, dissipation, and accumulation variation. Rice root exudates including low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) of Peizataifeng and Fengyousimiao could enhance desorption of two typical PAE compounds, di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), from aged soil to their available fractions by increasing soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), thus improving their bioavailability in soil. Peizataifeng produced twice higher amounts of oxalic acid, critic acid and malonic acid in root exudates, and exhibited stronger effects on enhancing desorption and bioavailability of DBP and DEHP than Fengyousimiao. Higher (by about 50%) total organic carbon contents of root exudates from Peizataifeng led to higher (by 10-30%) soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen than Fengyousimiao, and thus promoted more PAE dissipation from soil than Fengyousimiao. Nevertheless, higher (by 20-50%) soil DOC and significantly higher PAE bioavailability in the soils planted Peizataifeng resulted in greater (by 53-93%) PAE accumulation in roots and shoots of Peizataifeng than Fengyousimiao, confirming by higher (by 1.82-3.48 folds) shoot and root bioconcentration factors of Peizataifeng than Fengyousimiao. This study reveals that the difference in root exudate extent and LMWOAs between Peizataifeng and Fengyousimiao differentiates PAE accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Pei Du
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu-Hong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Huixiong Lü
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lei Xiang
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yan-Wen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Ce-Hui Mo
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Quan-Ying Cai
- Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environment Pollution Control and Remediation Materials, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA
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13
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Effect of DEHP on SCFA Production by Anaerobic Fermentation of Waste Activated Sludge. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/1705232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is a common plasticizer in industrial production. Recently, environmental problems caused by microplastics have drawn wide attention. As the microplastics have a large specific surface area, the release rate of the plasticizer from the microplastics to the environment is accelerated. The DEHP in the wastewater enters the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) along with the urban pipeline. After DEHP enters the WWTPs, it may affect the anaerobic fermentation with waste activated sludge (WAS) as raw material. So far, there has been no study on the effect of DEHP on anaerobic fermentation of WAS. Our study focused on the impact of exogenous DEHP on WAS anaerobic fermentation, and the results showed that DEHP mainly affects the solubilization stage of sludge anaerobic digestion, but has no significant effect on other stages. It does not affect the total yield and composition of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). However, DEHP inhibited the solubilization process of WAS anaerobic fermentation, which was mainly manifested by the changes of soluble protein and soluble polysaccharide in the system. The results of the analysis of microbial communities revealed that the addition of DEHP did not change the diversity of microbial communities, but caused a change in the abundance of microbial organisms. DEHP reduced the abundance of acetogen bacteria and increased the abundance of methanogens. This work provides some insights into WAS fermentation systems in the presence of DEHP and helps to gain a better understanding of the potential environmental hazards of microplastics.
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Olgun B, Doğan G. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in soils of greenhouses located in Aksu Antalya, Turkey. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 81:283-292. [PMID: 32333661 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are hydrophobic organic compounds that are generally absorbed on organic fraction of soils. It is known that some PAHs, which can pass to air, soil, water and food as a result of natural or anthropogenic processes, have carcinogenic, toxic and mutagenic effects on humans and animals. One of the important steps that is identified in the transition takes place during agricultural production. Greenhouses are commonly used as a type of agricultural production especially during the winter season in mid and temperate climates. Greenhouse cultivation is abundant in Antalya Aksu Region in Turkey. Two sampling campaigns (autumn and winter) were carried out to sample the soils in 53 glass and polyethylene covered greenhouses. The samples were analysed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for 16 PAHs. The result showed that four ring PAHs were dominant in the region. In the winter season, PAHs concentrations increase because of low volatility of motor vehicle exhaust related PAHs in the atmosphere and of coal and wood combustion emissions used in the heating of greenhouses and surrounding village houses. The cross plots of diagnostic ratios also confirmed coal and wood combustion and traffic emissions in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihter Olgun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey E-mail:
| | - Güray Doğan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Akdeniz University, 07058 Antalya, Turkey E-mail:
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15
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Cai J, Gu C, Ti Q, Liu C, Bian Y, Sun C, Jiang X. Mechanistic studies of congener-specific adsorption and bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phthalates in soil by novel QSARs. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 179:108838. [PMID: 31678730 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and phthalic acid esters (PAEs) which are structurally featured with one or more aromatic skeletons are often regarded as two important groups of organic pollutants due to the widespread distribution and notorious toxic effects in soils. Relative to the great number of structural analogues or congeners detected in soil, however, the soil adsorption and bioaccumulation of PAHs/PAEs by plant is far less studied for the insufficiency of experimental determinations or lack of insights into the inherent structural requirements. To mechanistically evaluate the congener-specific soil adsorption and bioaccumulation for PAHs/PAEs, the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSARs) were successfully developed by density functional theory (DFT) computation and partial least squares (PLS) analysis. As verified with the higher cumulative variance coefficients and cross-validated correlation coefficients for strong stability, interpretability and predictability, the QSARs could be used for prediction of unknown adsorption potency or bioavailability within the specified applicability domain, respectively. It was indicated by QSAR that the structural requirements of PAHs/PAEs necessary for strengthening the soil adsorption were mainly attributed to the molecular polarizability and the associated dispersion interaction with soil. As regards the bioaccumulation by carrot, the aggravation of spherical polarity change of molecules and the involved electrostatic interaction with soil entity or electron transfer from the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of PAHs/PAEs was implied to be inherently decisive for the variance of bioavailability among congeners. Based on the holistic view of negative correlation relationship, the soil adsorption seemed to act as the forceful constraint in decreasing the bioaccumulation of PAHs/PAEs and could also be alternatively gauged as the preliminary evaluation of bioavailability and risks on soil ecosystem. It would thus help better understand the soil adsorption and bioaccumulation with the informative mechanistic insights and provide data support for ecological risk assessment of PAHs/PAEs in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Qingqing Ti
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Xin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
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16
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He Y, Wang Q, He W, Xu F. The occurrence, composition and partitioning of phthalate esters (PAEs) in the water-suspended particulate matter (SPM) system of Lake Chaohu, China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 661:285-293. [PMID: 30677676 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, composition, and partitioning of six phthalate esters (PAEs) (dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)) in the water-suspended particulate matter (SPM) system of Lake Chaohu were investigated in this study. Our results showed that PAEs were ubiquitous contaminants in Lake Chaohu. The concentration of the Σ6 PAEs in dissolved and particulate phases ranged from 0.370 to 13.2 μg·L-1 and from 14.4 to 7129 μg·L-1, respectively. The Σ6 PAEs in water and SPM phases exhibited different seasonal trends. PAEs with different degrees of hydrophobicity demonstrated different temporal distributions in the dissolved phase. In particulate phase, all PAEs exhibited the same temporal distribution. Regarding the occurrence of PAEs, significant spatial differences exist between lake and estuary. However, there were no specific differences in PAEs across lake zones and river types of Lake Chaohu. River input should be considered an important source of PAEs in Lake Chaohu. DIBP and DBP were the most abundant PAEs in Lake Chaohu, and DIBP should attract more attention in the future. The organic carbon normalized partitioning coefficient (logKoc) ranged from an average of 2.38 ± 0.86 L·g-1 for BBP to 3.98 ± 0.66 L·g-1 for DEHP, and approximately 2 to 3 unit variations of logKoc existed for the individual PAEs. It was difficult to ascertain whether the partitioning of PAEs was in, near or far from the equilibrium. No linear relationship was found between logKoc and the octanol-water partitioning coefficient (logKow) for PAEs. Koc might not be suitable for describing the partitioning of PAEs in the water-SPM system. The hydrophobicity of PAEs may have little impact on their partitioning in the complex environmental system, and the Kow model may be inappropriate to predict the partitioning of PAEs in natural large lakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong He
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China; School of Agriculture and Food, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Wei He
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution,China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fuliu Xu
- MOE Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Characterization of Di-n-Butyl Phthalate Phytoremediation by Garden Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) through Kinetics and Proteome Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11061625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Di-n-dutyl phthalate (DBP), an endocrine disruptor, is one of the most widely used phthalate esters (PAEs) in the world. It can be accumulated in seafood or agricultural products and represents a substantial risk to human health via the food chain. Thus, finding a plant which can remediate DBP but have no effects on growth is the main topic of the development of DBP phytoremediation. This study used garden lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia), which has a significant DBP absorption capability, as a test plant to measure phytoremediation kinetics and proteome changes after being exposed to DBP. The results show that DBP accumulated in different parts of the garden lettuce but the physiological status and morphology showed no significant changes following DBP phytoremediation. The optimal condition for the DBP phytoremediation of garden lettuce is one critical micelle concentration (CMC) of non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and the half-life (t1/2, days), which calculated by first-order kinetics, was 2.686 days for 5 mg L−1 of DBP. This result indicated that the addition of 1 CMC of Tween 80 could enhance the efficiency of DBP phytoremediation. In addition, the results of biotoxicity showed that the median effective concentration (EC50) of DBP for Chlorella vulgaris is 4.9 mg L−1. In this case, the overall toxicity markedly decreased following phytoremediation. In the end, the result of proteome analysis showed six protein spots, revealing significant alterations. According to the information of these proteomes, DBP potentially causes osmotic and oxidative stress in garden lettuce. In addition, since DBP had no significant effects on the morphology and physiological status of garden lettuce, garden lettuce can be recommended for use in the plant anti-DBP toxicity test, and also as the candidate plant for DBP phytoremediation. We hope these findings could provide valuable information for DBP-contaminated water treatment in ecological engineering applications or constructed wetlands.
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Silva V, Mol HGJ, Zomer P, Tienstra M, Ritsema CJ, Geissen V. Pesticide residues in European agricultural soils - A hidden reality unfolded. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 653:1532-1545. [PMID: 30759587 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 405] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide use is a major foundation of the agricultural intensification observed over the last few decades. As a result, soil contamination by pesticide residues has become an issue of increasing concern due to some pesticides' high soil persistence and toxicity to non-target species. In this study, the distribution of 76 pesticide residues was evaluated in 317 agricultural topsoil samples from across the European Union. The soils were collected in 2015 and originated from 11 EU Member States and 6 main cropping systems. Over 80% of the tested soils contained pesticide residues (25% of samples had 1 residue, 58% of samples had mixtures of two or more residues), in a total of 166 different pesticide combinations. Glyphosate and its metabolite AMPA, DDTs (DDT and its metabolites) and the broad-spectrum fungicides boscalid, epoxiconazole and tebuconazole were the compounds most frequently found in soil samples and the compounds found at the highest concentrations. These compounds occasionally exceeded their predicted environmental concentrations in soil but were below the respective toxic endpoints for standard in-soil organisms. Maximum individual pesticide content assessed in a soil sample was 2.05 mg kg-1 while maximum total pesticide content was 2.87 mg kg-1. This study reveals that the presence of mixtures of pesticide residues in soils are the rule rather than the exception, indicating that environmental risk assessment procedures should be adapted accordingly to minimize related risks to soil life and beyond. This information can be used to implement monitoring programs for pesticide residues in soil and to trigger toxicity assessments of mixtures of pesticide residues on a wider range of soil species in order to perform more comprehensive and accurate risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Silva
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hans G J Mol
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Zomer
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc Tienstra
- RIKILT-Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 230, 6700 AE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Coen J Ritsema
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Violette Geissen
- Soil Physics and Land Management Group, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 4, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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Chen LL, Tseng CH, Tseng WJ. Development of a system dynamics model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and its application to assess the benefits of pollution reduction. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:231-236. [PMID: 30273845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic multimedia transport (DMT) model for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was constructed using the system dynamics software STELLA to simulate the transmission and flow of PAHs in different media. Humans are primarily exposed to PAHs via ingestion. Thus, this study used the DMT model to simulate the concentrations of PAHs in food media and the human body and assess the risk of harm to humans. On the basis of the hypothesis of PAH reduction in the Taiwanese steel industry, two scenarios were used (cases I and II), and integration indicators such as the Air Resource Co-Benefit Model of air pollutants, greenhouse gases, and PAHs reduction was established for the cost-benefit analysis of the reduction scenarios. This study not only established Taiwan's PAHs dynamic multimedia transmission model successfully but also performed a reduction scenario on the steel industry. In the year 2025, the total costs for cases I and II will be USD 690 and USD 694 million per year, respectively, and the total benefits will be USD 492 and 1669 million per year, respectively. Therefore, case II is preferable to case I in terms of benefit ratio (2.40 vs. 2.35, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Chen
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Chao-Heng Tseng
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Jen Tseng
- Institute of Environment Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Zhongxiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan.
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20
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Fan S, Wang J, Li K, Yang T, Jia Y, Zhao B, Yan Y. Complete genome sequence of Gordonia sp. YC-JH1, a bacterium efficiently degrading a wide range of phthalic acid esters. J Biotechnol 2018; 279:55-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Rovira J, Domínguez-Morueco N, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Temporal trend in the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted in a big tire landfill fire in Spain: Risk assessment for human health. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2018; 53:222-229. [PMID: 29111871 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2017.1387023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In May 2016, a big fire occurred in an illegal landfill placed in Seseña (Toledo, Spain), where between 70,000 and 90,000 tons of tires had been accumulated during years. Just after the fire, and because of the increase of airborne PAHs, we found that cancer risks for the population living in the neighborhood of the landfill were 3-5 times higher than for the rest of inhabitants of Seseña. Some months after our initial (June 2016) study, two sampling campaigns (December 2016 and May 2017) were performed to assess the temporal trends of the environmental levels of PAHs, as well as to reassure that these chemicals did not pose any risk for the human health of Seseña inhabitants. In soils, the total concentrations of the 16 PAHs (December 2016), as well as the sum of the seven carcinogenic PAHs, showed values between 8.5 and 94.7 ng g-1 and between 1.0 and 42.3 ng g-1, respectively. In May 2017, a significant decrease (between 4 and 38 times) in the levels of PAHs in air was observed, with total concentrations ranging between 3.49 and 5.06 ng m-3. One year after the fire, the cancer risk at different zones of Seseña was similar, being lower than that found in June 2016, and negligible according to national and international agencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquim Rovira
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
- b Departament d'Enginyeria Química , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Noelia Domínguez-Morueco
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
- b Departament d'Enginyeria Química , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Martí Nadal
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
- b Departament d'Enginyeria Química , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- a Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Reus , Catalonia , Spain
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22
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Jacques MT, Oliveira JL, Campos EVR, Fraceto LF, Ávila DS. Safety assessment of nanopesticides using the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:245-253. [PMID: 28160702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of pesticides is causing environmental pollution, affecting animal organisms in different habitats and also leading human health at risk. In this study, we present as an alternative the use of nanoparticles loaded with pesticides and report their toxicological assessment to a soil organism, Caenorhabditis elegans. Three nanoparticle formulations were analyzed: solid lipid nanoparticles loaded or not with atrazine and simazine, SLN; polymeric nanoparticles, NC_PCL loaded with atrazine; and chitosan/tripolyphosphate, CS/TPP, loaded or not with paraquat. All formulations, loaded or not with pesticides, increased lethality in a dose- dependent manner with similar LC50. Both loaded and unloaded NC_PCL were the most toxic formulations to developmental rate, significantly reducing worms length, even at low concentrations. In contrast, both CS/TPP nanoparticles were the least toxic, not affecting reproduction and body length at higher concentrations, probably due to the biocompatibility of chitosan. The physico-chemical characterization of nanoparticles after incubation in saline solution (used in exposure of organisms) has shown that these colloidal systems are stable and remain with the same initial characteristics, even in the presence of saline environment. Notably, our results indicate that the observed effects were caused by the nanoparticles per se. These results suggest that the development of nanoparticles aiming agriculture applications needs more studies in order to optimize the composition and then reduce their toxicity to non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio T Jacques
- Federal University of Pampa- UNIPAMPA- Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jhones L Oliveira
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil
| | - Estefânia V R Campos
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil; State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leonardo F Fraceto
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Science and Technology, Sorocaba, Brazil; State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Daiana Silva Ávila
- Federal University of Pampa- UNIPAMPA- Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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23
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Gao M, Dong Y, Zhang Z, Song W, Qi Y. Growth and antioxidant defense responses of wheat seedlings to di-n-butyl phthalate and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 172:418-428. [PMID: 28092763 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate acid esters (PAEs) are vital environmental hormone-like chemicals that are noxious to plants, animals, and human beings. In this study, the influences of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) and di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) on the seed germination, root morphology, and various physiological changes of wheat seedlings were investigated by analyzing superoxide anion (O2-) accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity, and lipid peroxidation. DBP and DEHP were found to obviously inhibit germination only at high concentrations, but significantly affected root morphology even at lower concentrations. Their toxic effects were the most severe on root elongation, followed by shoot elongation, and were the least severe on germination rate, indicating that root elongation was the best index for evaluating DBP and DEHP eco-toxicity. DBP and DEHP also enhanced O2- and malondialdehyde levels and membrane permeability, as well as produced changes in the antioxidant status and PAE content in the stem and leaf (combined tissues, hereafter shoot) and root tissues. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase increased at low and medium DBP and DEHP concentrations, but declined at high PAE concentrations. These results indicated that PAEs could exert oxidative damage in the early development stage of wheat, particularly at higher concentrations. DBP and DEHP accumulation was higher in the roots than in the shoot tissues, and their levels in these tissues increased with increasing PAE concentrations, supporting their more-serious toxic effects on roots than those on shoots. Further, the physicochemical properties of DBP rendered it more harmful than DEHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minling Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China; State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Youming Dong
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Wenhua Song
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Yun Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, No. 399 Binshui Western Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China.
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24
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Nadal M, Rovira J, Díaz-Ferrero J, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Human exposure to environmental pollutants after a tire landfill fire in Spain: Health risks. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 97:37-44. [PMID: 27771564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In May 2016, a fire occurred in one of the largest landfills in Europe (Seseña, Toledo, Spain), where 70,000-90,000tons of tires had been illegally accumulated for >15years. Because of the proximity of population nuclei and the duration of the episode (>20days), we conducted a preliminary human health risk assessment study just after the tire fire. Samples of air and soil were collected in 3 areas surrounding the landfill (El Quiñón, at only 500m, and Seseña Nuevo and Seseña Viejo, both at 4km), as well as in background sites. In addition, samples of crops (barley, wheat, cabbage and lettuce) were also obtained from local farmers. The concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and a number of trace elements (As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl, and V) were analyzed in all the samples. The concentrations of all the target pollutants, excepting PAHs, were relatively similar at the different sampling zones, irrespective of the distance to the landfill. In turn, a significant increase of PAHs was noted near the tire landfill, with air levels up to 6-times higher than those found at 4km (134 vs. 19.5-22.7ng/m3). Similarly, PAH concentrations in lettuce were relatively higher than those typically found in monitoring programs of food safety. Because of the increase of airborne PAHs, cancer risks due to exposure to environmental pollutants for the population living at El Quiñón, near the landfill, were between 3- and 5-times higher than those estimated for the inhabitants of Seseña. After this preliminary study, further investigations, focused only on PAHs, but more extensive in terms of number of samples, should be conducted to assure that PAHs have been progressively degraded through time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Nadal
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joaquim Rovira
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Ferrero
- IQS, Analytical and Applied Chemistry Department, Univ. Ramon Llull, Via Augusta 390, 08017 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain; Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - José L Domingo
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Reus, Catalonia, Spain.
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25
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Cui XY, Xiang P, He RW, Juhasz A, Ma LQ. Advances in in vitro methods to evaluate oral bioaccessibility of PAHs and PBDEs in environmental matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:378-389. [PMID: 26921590 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cleanup goals for sites contaminated with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are often established based on total contaminant concentrations. However, mounting evidence suggests that understanding contaminant bioavailability in soils is necessary for accurate assessment of contaminant exposure to humans via oral ingestion pathway. Animal-based in vivo tests have been used to assess contaminant bioavailability in soils; however, due to ethical issues and cost, it is desirable to use in vitro assays as alternatives. Various in vitro methods have been developed, which simulate human gastrointestinal (GI) tract using different digestion fluids. These methods can be used to predict POP bioavailability in soils, foods, and indoor dust after showing good correlation with in vivo animal data. Here, five common in vitro methods are evaluated and compared using PAHs and PBDEs as an example of traditional and emerging POPs. Their applications and limitations are discussed while focusing on method improvements and future challenges to predict POP bioavailability in different matrices. The discussions should shed light for future research to accurately assess human exposure to POPs via oral ingestion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Cui
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Ping Xiang
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Rui-Wen He
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China
| | - Albert Juhasz
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Lena Q Ma
- State Key Lab of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Jiangsu 210046, China; Soil and Water Science Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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26
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Li Y, Zhang H, Li Q, Zhou Q, Chen X, Tu C, Luo Y, Christie P, Hu X, Li L. Characteristics of residual organochlorine pesticides in soils under different land-use types on a coastal plain of the Yellow River Delta. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:535-547. [PMID: 26141791 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9738-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were examined in soils covering five types of land use along a salinity gradient on the Yellow River Delta. The most prominent OCPs were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (∑DDT, arithmetic mean = 5.11 μg kg(-1)), hexachlorocyclohexane (∑HCH, 1.69 μg kg(-1)) and ∑endosulfan (10.4 μg kg(-1)). The spatial variability of OCPs composition shifted from γ-HCH and o,p'-DDT dominated pesticides in coastal soils to p,p'-DDE dominated pesticides in inland soils. In different land-use types, the percentages of β-HCH and p,p'-DDE are characterized by more recalcitrant components in decreasing order of vegetable fields, cereal fields, cotton fields, wetlands and tidal flats with increasing soil salinity. However, the less recalcitrant components, γ-HCH and o,p'-DDT, showed an opposite trend. Endosulfan sulfate predominated in all land-use types. Residual levels of β-HCH were affected by soil organic matter. The correlations between γ-HCH and clay content and between p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT and salinity might associate with the influence of sediment cotransport by the Yellow River and the density of anthropogenic activities in coastal region. Depth distribution of the OCPs in typical soil profiles also implied that local historical usage and sediment transport by the Yellow River both affected the OCPs residual in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haibo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qingbo Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Yongming Luo
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Peter Christie
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lianzhen Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
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27
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Gao DW, Wen ZD. Phthalate esters in the environment: A critical review of their occurrence, biodegradation, and removal during wastewater treatment processes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2016; 541:986-1001. [PMID: 26473701 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Phthalate esters are one of the most frequently detected persistent organic pollutants in the environment. A better understanding of their occurrence and degradation in the environment and during wastewater treatment processes will facilitate the development of strategies to reduce these pollutants and to bioremediate contaminated freshwater and soil. Phthalate esters occur at measurable levels in different environments worldwide. For example, the concentrations of dimethyl phthalate (DMP) in atmospheric particulate matter, fresh water and sediments, soil, and landfills are N.D.-10.4 ng/m(3), N.D.-31.7 μg/L, N.D.-316 μg/kg dry weight, and N.D.-200 μg/kg dry weight, N.D.-43.27 μg/L, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) are primary phthalate ester pollutants. Urbanization has increased the discharge of phthalate esters to atmospheric and aquatic environments, and the use of agricultural plastics has exacerbated soil contamination by phthalate esters in rural areas. Aerobic biodegradation is the primary manner of phthalate ester mineralization in the environment, and this process has been widely studied. Phthalate esters can be removed during wastewater treatment processes. The combination of different wastewater treatment technologies showed greater efficiency in the removal of phthalate esters than individual treatment steps, such as the combination of anaerobic wastewater treatment with a membrane bioreactor would increase the efficiency of phthalate ester removal from 65%-71% to 95%-97%. This review provides a useful framework to identify future research objectives to achieve the mineralization and elimination of phthalate esters in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Zhi-Dan Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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28
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Aichner B, Bussian BM, Lehnik-Habrink P, Hein S. Regionalized concentrations and fingerprints of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in German forest soils. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 203:31-39. [PMID: 25863006 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Samples of 474 forest stands in Germany were analysed for concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in three sampling depths. Enhanced concentrations were mainly found at spots relatively close to densely industrialized and urbanized regions and at some topographically elevated areas. Average enrichment factors between mineral soil and humic layer depend on humus type i.e. decrease from mull via moder to mor. Based on their compound-patterns, the observed samples could be assigned to three main clusters. For some parts of our study area a uniform assignment of samples to clusters over larger regions could be identified. For instance, samples taken at vicinity to brown-coal strip-mining districts are characterized by high relative abundances of low-molecular-weight PAHs. These results suggest that PAHs are more likely originated from local and regional emitters rather than from long-range transport and that specific source-regions can be identified based on PAH fingerprints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Aichner
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division of Organic Environmental Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Strße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; University of Potsdam, Institute of Earth and Environmental Science, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Bernd M Bussian
- Federal Environment Agency (UBA), Section II 2.7 Soil Quality, Soil Monitoring, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Petra Lehnik-Habrink
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division of Organic Environmental Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Strße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hein
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Division of Organic Environmental Analysis, Richard-Willstätter-Strße 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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29
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Martínez-Domínguez G, Plaza-Bolaños P, Romero-González R, Garrido-Frenich A. Analytical approaches for the determination of pesticide residues in nutraceutical products and related matrices by chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 118:277-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 09/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Barco-Bonilla N, Romero-González R, Plaza-Bolaños P, Martínez Vidal JL, Garrido Frenich A. Systematic study of the contamination of wastewater treatment plant effluents by organic priority compounds in Almeria province (SE Spain). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2013; 447:381-389. [PMID: 23410859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 01/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of priority organic pollutants in wastewater (WW) effluents was evaluated in a semi-arid area, characterized by a high agricultural and tourism activity, as Almeria province (Southeastern Spain). Twelve wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were sampled in three campaigns during 2011, obtaining a total of 33 WW samples, monitoring 226 compounds, including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Certain banned organochlorine pesticides such as aldrin, pentachlorobenzene, o,p'-DDD and endosulfan lactone were found, and the most frequently detected pesticides were herbicides (diuron, triazines). PAHs and VOCs were also detected, noting that some of these pollutants were ubiquitous. Regarding phenolic compounds, 4-tertoctylphenol was found in all the WW samples at high concentration levels (up to 89.7 μg/L). Furthermore, it was observed that WW effluent samples were less contaminated in the second and third sampling periods, which corresponded to dry season. This evaluation revealed that despite the WW was treated in the WWTP, organic contaminants are still being detected in WW effluents and therefore they are released into the environment. Finally the risk of environmental threat due to the presence of some compounds in WWTP effluents, especially concerning 4-tertoctylphenol must be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Barco-Bonilla
- Department of Chemistry and Physics (Analytical Chemistry Area), University of Almería, Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, E-04120, Almería, Spain
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31
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Padilla-Sánchez JA, Plaza-Bolaños P, Romero-González R, Grande-Martínez A, Thurman EM, Garrido-Frenich A. Innovative determination of polar organophosphonate pesticides based on high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:1458-1465. [PMID: 23147822 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The determination of compounds showing a very low molecular weight (i.e. < 200 Da) can be complicated when low-resolution mass spectrometry is used in the selected-reaction monitoring mode, since the possible number of product ions is reduced and the obtained reactions are not selective enough to overcome background noise and/or matrix interferences. In this study, the use of high-resolution mass spectrometry based on Exactive Orbitrap was applied for the determination of a group of polar organophosphonate pesticides and transformation products (TPs), which show the aforementioned features, in agricultural soils. Namely, glyphosate, glufosinate, ethephon and their TPs, aminomethyl phosphonic acid (AMPA), 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid, N-acetyl-glufosinate and 2-hydroxyethylphosphonic acid were analyzed. The [M-H](-) ions 168.00564, 180.04202, 142.96593, 110.00016, 151.01547, 222.05259 and 124.99982 were used, respectively, for the detection and identification of the compounds. Confirmation was carried out by using accurate mass measurements of ion fragments for each compound, from neutral losses of CO(2), H(2)O and H(2)CO (formaldehyde). Furthermore, the recently reported tool, relative isotopic mass defect (RΔm), was also used to support the confirmation protocol. The optimized method was fully validated at low levels, including the estimation of a not commonly used parameter: the limit of confirmation (LOC). This LOC is expressed as the lowest concentration of compound that can be confirmed using a fragment or the RΔm, and it ranged from 10 to 50 µg kg(-1) for all compounds. All the data was obtained in a single injection. Finally, the method was applied to real soil samples, and glyphosate and AMPA were found at 265 µg kg(-1) and 105 µg kg(-1), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Padilla-Sánchez
- Department of Hydrogeology and Analytical Chemistry, University of Almeria, Andalusian Center for the Assessment and Monitoring of Global Change (CAESCG), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, Almeria, Spain
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