1
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Papila B, Karimova A, Onaran I. Altered lactate/pyruvate ratio may be responsible for aging-associated intestinal barrier dysfunction in male rats. Biogerontology 2024; 25:679-689. [PMID: 38619668 PMCID: PMC11217102 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-024-10102-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Some evidence points to a link between aging-related increased intestinal permeability and mitochondrial dysfunction in in-vivo models. Several studies have also demonstrated age-related accumulation of the of specific deletion 4834-bp of "common" mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in various rat tissues and suggest that this deletion may disrupt mitochondrial metabolism. The present study aimed to investigate possible associations among the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) common deletion, mitochondrial function, intestinal permeability, and aging in rats. The study was performed on the intestinal tissue from (24 months) and young (4 months) rats. mtDNA4834 deletion, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ATP, lactate and pyruvate levels were analyzed in tissue samples. Zonulin and intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (I-FABP) levels were also evaluated in serum. Serum zonulin and I-FABP levels were significantly higher in 24-month-old rats than 4-month-old rats (p = 0.04, p = 0.026, respectively). There is not significant difference in mtDNA4834 copy levels was observed between the old and young intestinal tissues (p > 0.05). The intestinal mitochondrial DNA copy number was similar between the two age groups (p > 0.05). No significant difference was observed in ATP levels in the intestinal tissue lysates between old and young rats (p > 0.05). ATP levels in isolated mitochondria from both groups were also similar. Analysis of MMP using JC-10 in intestinal tissue mitochondria showed that mitochondrial membrane potentials (red/green ratios) were similar between the two age groups (p > 0.05). Pyruvate tended to be higher in the 24-month-old rat group and the L/P ratio was found to be approximately threefold lower in the intestinal tissue of the older rats compared to the younger rats (p < 0.002). The tissue lactate/pyruvate ratio (L/P) was three times lower in old rats than in young rats. Additionally, there were significant negative correlations between intestinal permeability parameters and L/P ratios. The intestinal tissues of aged rats are not prone to accumulate mtDNA common deletion, we suggest that this mutation does not explain the age-related increase in intestinal permeability. It seems to be more likely that altered glycolytic capacity could be a link to increased intestinal permeability with age. This observation strengthens assertions that the balance between glycolysis and mitochondrial metabolism may play a critical role in intestinal barrier functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berrin Papila
- Department of General Surgery, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa, Fatih, 34098, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayla Karimova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Onaran
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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2
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Yang Y, Jia X, Yang X, Wang J, Fang Y, Ying X, Zhang M, Wei J, Pan Y. Targeting VDAC: A potential therapeutic approach for mitochondrial dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2024; 1835:148920. [PMID: 38599511 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease, a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline. Voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), a protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, plays a critical role in regulating mitochondrial function and cellular energy metabolism. Recent studies have identified VDAC as a potential therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. This article aims to provide an overview of the role of VDAC in mitochondrial dysfunction, its association with Alzheimer's disease, and the potential of targeting VDAC for developing novel therapeutic interventions. Understanding the involvement of VDAC in Alzheimer's disease may pave the way for the development of effective treatments that can restore mitochondrial function and halt disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaotao Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Affifiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, China
| | - Xinmao Yang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Xiaoping Ying
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Meiqian Zhang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jing Wei
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Yanfang Pan
- Department of Basic Medicine, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China.
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3
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Valencia R, Kranrod JW, Fang L, Soliman AM, Azer B, Clemente-Casares X, Seubert JM. Linoleic acid-derived diol 12,13-DiHOME enhances NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23748. [PMID: 38940767 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301640rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
12,13-dihydroxy-9z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME) is a linoleic acid diol derived from cytochrome P-450 (CYP) epoxygenase and epoxide hydrolase (EH) metabolism. 12,13-DiHOME is associated with inflammation and mitochondrial damage in the innate immune response, but how 12,13-DiHOME contributes to these effects is unclear. We hypothesized that 12,13-DiHOME enhances macrophage inflammation through effects on NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. To test this hypothesis, we utilized human monocytic THP1 cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). 12,13-DiHOME present during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-priming of THP1 macrophages exacerbated nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Using high-resolution respirometry, we observed that priming with LPS+12,13-DiHOME altered mitochondrial respiratory function. Mitophagy, measured using mito-Keima, was also modulated by 12,13-DiHOME present during priming. These mitochondrial effects were associated with increased sensitivity to nigericin-induced mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species production in LPS+12,13-DiHOME-primed macrophages. Nigericin-induced mitochondrial damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS+12,13-DiHOME-primed macrophages were ablated by the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) inhibitor, Ru265. 12,13-DiHOME present during LPS-priming also enhanced nigericin-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary murine bone marrow-derived macrophages. In summary, these data demonstrate a pro-inflammatory role for 12,13-DiHOME by enhancing NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Valencia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joshua W Kranrod
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liye Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amro M Soliman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brandon Azer
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Xavier Clemente-Casares
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - John M Seubert
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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4
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Hosen MHA, Whitworth DJ, Leusch FDL, Yuen N, Bengtson Nash SM. Bioenergetic Shifts in Humpback Whale Fibroblasts Upon Chemical Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38958666 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Southern Hemisphere humpback whales accumulate persistent and toxic chemicals, which are transported to Antarctica through distant sources and in situ usage. The extreme seasonal migration-associated fast of humpback whales results in the remobilization of persistent and lipophilic environmental contaminants from liberated fat stores. Mitochondria play a key role in lipid metabolism, and any disruption to mitochondrial function is expected to influence whole-organism bioenergetics. It is therefore of interest to advance understanding of the impact of known contaminants of the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem upon humpback whale cellular bioenergetics. Using cell line-based in vitro testing, this study employed the Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyzer to study cellular metabolic activity in live humpback whale fibroblast cells. The assay, based on oxygen consumption rate, provides insights into the cause of cellular bioenergetic disruption. Immortalized skin fibroblasts were exposed to four priority environmental chemicals found in the Antarctic sea-ice ecosystem. Our findings reveal chemical-dependent functional alterations and varying bioenergetic profile responses. Chlorpyrifos was observed to decrease mitochondrial basal oxygen consumption; dieldrin increased basal oxygen consumption; trifluralin's impact was dose-specific, and endosulfan displayed no effect. Our results provide unique insights into environmental chemical mechanisms of action on cellular bioenergetics, generating much-needed taxa-specific chemical effect data in support of evidence-based conservation policy and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Hafiz All Hosen
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Deanne J Whitworth
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Frederic D L Leusch
- Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Nicholas Yuen
- The School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Susan M Bengtson Nash
- Centre for Planetary Health and Food Security, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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5
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Bell G, Thoma A, Hargreaves IP, Lightfoot AP. The Role of Mitochondria in Statin-Induced Myopathy. Drug Saf 2024; 47:643-653. [PMID: 38492173 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-024-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Statins represent the primary therapy for combatting hypercholesterolemia and reducing mortality from cardiovascular events. Despite their pleiotropic effects in lowering cholesterol synthesis, circulating cholesterol, as well as reducing the risk of other systemic diseases, statins have adverse events in a small, but significant, population of treated patients. The most prominent of these adverse effects is statin-induced myopathy, which lacks precise definition but is characterised by elevations in the muscle enzyme creatine kinase alongside musculoskeletal complaints, including pain, weakness and fatigue. The exact aetiology of statin-induced myopathy remains to be elucidated, although impaired mitochondrial function is thought to be an important underlying cause. This may result from or be the consequence of several factors including statin-induced inhibition of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) biosynthesis, impaired Ca2+ signalling and modified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The purpose of this review article is to provide an update on the information available linking statin therapy with mitochondrial dysfunction and to outline any mechanistic insights, which may be beneficial in the future treatment of myopathic adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin Bell
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anastasia Thoma
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Iain P Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Adam P Lightfoot
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
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Wagle SR, Kovacevic B, Ionescu CM, Foster T, Lim P, Brunet A, McLenachan S, Carvalho L, Mikov M, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Polymer-Based Nanoparticles with Probucol and Lithocholic Acid: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinopathies. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:3566-3576. [PMID: 38899552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is pivotal in retinal disease progression, causing dysfunction in various retinal components. An effective antioxidant, such as probucol (PB), is vital to counteract oxidative stress and emerges as a potential candidate for treating retinal degeneration. However, the challenges associated with delivering lipophilic drugs such as PB to the posterior segment of the eye, specifically targeting photoreceptor cells, necessitate innovative solutions. This study uses formulation-based spray dry encapsulation technology to develop polymer-based PB-lithocholic acid (LCA) nanoparticles and assesses their efficacy in the 661W photoreceptor-like cell line. Incorporating LCA enhances nanoparticles' biological efficacy without compromising PB stability. In vitro studies demonstrate that PB-LCA nanoparticles prevent reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced oxidative stress by improving cellular viability through the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway. These findings propose PB-LCA nanoparticles as a promising therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress-induced retinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Patrick Lim
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Alicia Brunet
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Livia Carvalho
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (Incorporating the Lions Eye Institute), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Hajduk Veljkova 3, Novi Sad 21101, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia 6102, Australia
- Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
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7
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Zeng H, Li S, Chang H, Zhai Y, Wang H, Weng H, Han Z. Circ_002033 Regulates Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Damage of Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells via the miR-199a-5p-MAP3K11 Axis in Heat Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:14386-14401. [PMID: 38869955 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Heat stress is becoming the major factor regarding dairy cow health and milk quality because of global warming. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a special type of noncoding RNAs, which are related to regulating many biological processes. Nonetheless, little is known concerning their effects on heat-stressed bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Here, this study found a novel circRNA, circ_002033, using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and explored the role and underlying regulatory mechanism in proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage in a heat-stressed bovine mammary epithelial cell line (MAC-T). According to the previous RNA-seq analysis, the abundance of circ_002033 in mammary gland tissue of heat-stressed cows increased relative to nonheat-stressed counterparts. This study found that the knockdown of circ_002033 promoted proliferation and alleviated apoptosis and oxidative damage in heat-stressed MAC-T. Mechanistically, circ_002033 localizes to miR-199a-5p in the cytoplasm of MAC-T to regulate mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 11 (MAP3K11) expression. Meanwhile, miR-199a-5p and MAP3K11 are also involved in regulating the proliferation and apoptosis of heat-stressed MAC-T. Importantly, circ_002033 knockdown promoted the expression of miR-199a-5p while decreasing that of MAP3K11, thereby enhancing proliferation while alleviating apoptosis and oxidative damage in heat-stressed MAC-T. In summary, we found that circ_002033 regulates the proliferation, apoptosis, and oxidative damage of heat-stressed BMECs through the miR-199a-5p/MAP3K11 axis, providing the theoretical molecular foundation for mitigating heat stress of dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfang Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Shujie Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haomiao Chang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunfei Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haihui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hantong Weng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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8
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Morla J, Salin K, Lassus R, Favre-Marinet J, Sentis A, Daufresne M. Multigenerational exposure to temperature influences mitochondrial oxygen fluxes in the Medaka fish (Oryzias latipes). Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024:e14194. [PMID: 38924292 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM Thermal sensitivity of cellular metabolism is crucial for animal physiology and survival under climate change. Despite recent efforts, effects of multigenerational exposure to temperature on the metabolic functioning remain poorly understood. We aimed at determining whether multigenerational exposure to temperature modulate the mitochondrial respiratory response of Medaka fish. METHODS We conducted a multigenerational exposure with Medaka fish reared multiple generations at 20 and 30°C (COLD and WARM fish, respectively). We then measured the oxygen consumption of tail muscle at two assay temperatures (20 and 30°C). Mitochondrial function was determined as the respiration supporting ATP synthesis (OXPHOS) and the respiration required to offset proton leak (LEAK(Omy)) in a full factorial design (COLD-20°C; COLD-30°C; WARM-20°C; WARM-30°C). RESULTS We found that higher OXPHOS and LEAK fluxes at 30°C compared to 20°C assay temperature. At each assay temperature, WARM fish had lower tissue oxygen fluxes than COLD fish. Interestingly, we did not find significant differences in respiratory flux when mitochondria were assessed at the rearing temperature of the fish (i.e., COLD-20°C vs. WARM -30°C). CONCLUSION The lower OXPHOS and LEAK capacities in warm fish are likely the result of the multigenerational exposure to warm temperature. This is consistent with a modulatory response of mitochondrial capacity to compensate for potential detrimental effects of warming on metabolism. Finally, the absence of significant differences in respiratory fluxes between COLD-20°C and WARM-30°C fish likely reflects an optimal respiration flux when organisms adapt to their thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Morla
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Karine Salin
- Départment of Environment and Resources, IFREMER, Unité de Physiologie Fonctionnelle des Organismes Marins-LEMAR UMR 6530, BP70, Plouzané, France
| | - Rémy Lassus
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Arnaud Sentis
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Martin Daufresne
- INRAE, Aix-Marseille University, UMR RECOVER, Aix-en-Provence, France
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9
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Kalwarczyk E, Lukasiak A, Woznica D, Switlik W, Anchimowicz J, Zielonka P, Jakiela S. Proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells on confined spaces. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 409:110204. [PMID: 38925370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2024.110204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfluidics offers precise drug delivery and continuous monitoring of cell functions, which is crucial for studying the effects of toxins and drugs. Ensuring proper cell growth in these space-constrained systems is essential for obtaining consistent results comparable to standard Petri dishes. NEW METHOD We investigated the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells on circular polycarbonate chambers with varying surface areas. SH-SY5Y cells were chosen for their relevance in neurodegenerative disease research. RESULTS Our study demonstrates a correlation between the chamber surface area and SH-SY5Y cell growth rates. Cells cultured in chambers larger than 10 mm in diameter exhibited growth comparable to standard 60-mm dishes. In contrast, smaller chambers significantly impeded growth, even at identical seeding densities. Similar patterns were observed for HeLaGFP cells, while 16HBE14σ cells proliferated efficiently regardless of chamber size. Additionally, SH-SY5Y cells were studied in a 12-mm diameter sealed chamber to assess growth under restricted gas exchange conditions. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our findings underscore the limitations of small chamber sizes in microfluidic systems for SH-SY5Y cells, an issue not typically addressed by conventional methods. CONCLUSIONS SH-SY5Y cell growth is highly sensitive to spatial constraints, with markedly reduced proliferation in chambers smaller than 10 mm. This highlights the need to carefully consider chamber size in microfluidic experiments to achieve cell growth rates comparable to standard culture dishes. The study also shows that while SH-SY5Y and HeLaGFP cells are affected by chamber size, 16HBE14σ cells are not. These insights are vital for designing effective microfluidic systems for bioengineering research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Kalwarczyk
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Lukasiak
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
| | - Damian Woznica
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
| | - Weronika Switlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
| | - Julia Anchimowicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
| | - Piotr Zielonka
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
| | - Slawomir Jakiela
- Department of Physics and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 159 Nowoursynowska Street, Warsaw, 02776, Poland.
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10
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Yang Y, Liu J, Shi Q, Guo B, Jia H, Yang Y, Fu S. Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetic Kidney Disease: New Perspectives from Mechanism to Therapy. Biomolecules 2024; 14:733. [PMID: 38927136 PMCID: PMC11201432 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes and the main cause of end-stage renal disease around the world. Mitochondria are the main organelles responsible for producing energy in cells and are closely involved in maintaining normal organ function. Studies have found that a high-sugar environment can damage glomeruli and tubules and trigger mitochondrial dysfunction. Meanwhile, animal experiments have shown that DKD symptoms are alleviated when mitochondrial damage is targeted, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is inextricably linked to the development of DKD. This article describes the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction and the progression and onset of DKD. The relationship between DKD and mitochondrial dysfunction is discussed. At the same time, the progress of DKD treatment targeting mitochondrial dysfunction is summarized. We hope to provide new insights into the progress and treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiahui Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Qiling Shi
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
| | - Buyu Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hanbing Jia
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; (Y.Y.); (J.L.); (B.G.); (H.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Songbo Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Provincial Endocrine Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Li L, Hossain SM, Eccles MR. The Role of the PAX Genes in Renal Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6730. [PMID: 38928435 PMCID: PMC11203709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a significant oncological challenge due to its heterogeneous nature and limited treatment options. The PAX developmental gene family encodes nine highly conserved transcription factors that play crucial roles in embryonic development and organogenesis, which have been implicated in the occurrence and development of RCC. This review explores the molecular landscape of RCC, with a specific focus on the role of the PAX gene family in RCC tumorigenesis and disease progression. Of the various RCC subtypes, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most prevalent, characterized by the loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor gene. Here, we review the published literature on the expression patterns and functional implications of PAX genes, particularly PAX2 and PAX8, in the three most common RCC subtypes, including ccRCC, papillary RCC (PRCC), and chromophobe RCC (ChRCC). Further, we review the interactions and potential biological mechanisms involving PAX genes and VHL loss in driving the pathogenesis of RCC, including the key signaling pathways mediated by VHL in ccRCC and associated mechanisms implicating PAX. Lastly, concurrent with our update regarding PAX gene research in RCC, we review and comment on the targeting of PAX towards the development of novel RCC therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.L.); (S.M.H.)
| | - Sultana Mehbuba Hossain
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.L.); (S.M.H.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Michael R. Eccles
- Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand; (L.L.); (S.M.H.)
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Level 2, 3A Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
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12
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Kurien BT, Ice JA, Wood R, Pharaoh G, Cavett J, Lewis V, Bhaskaran S, Rasmussen A, Lessard CJ, Farris AD, Sivils KL, Koelsch KA, Van Remmen H, Scofield RH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Fatigue in Sjögren's Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.17.598269. [PMID: 38948768 PMCID: PMC11212898 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.17.598269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a common exocrine disorder typified by chronic inflammation and dryness, but also profound fatigue, suggesting a pathological basis in cellular bioenergetics. In healthy states, damaged or dysfunctional mitochondrial components are broken down and recycled by mitophagy, a specialized form of autophagy. In many autoimmune disorders, however, evidence suggests that dysfunctional mitophagy allows poorly functioning mitochondria to persist and contribute to a cellular milieu with elevated reactive oxygen species. We hypothesized that mitophagic processes are dysregulated in SjD and that dysfunctional mitochondria contribute to overall fatigue. We sought to link fatigue with mitochondrial dysfunction directly in SjD, heretofore unexamined, and further sought to assess the pathogenic extent and implications of dysregulated mitophagy in SjD. Methods We isolated pan T cells via negative selection from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 17 SjD and 8 age-matched healthy subjects, all of whom completed fatigue questionnaires prior to phlebotomy. Isolated T cells were analyzed for mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and glycolysis using Seahorse, and linear correlations with fatigue measures were assessed. A mitophagy transcriptional signature in SjD was identified by reanalysis of whole-blood microarray data from 190 SjD and 32 healthy subjects. Differential expression analyses were performed by case/control and subgroup analyses comparing SjD patients by mitophagy transcriptional cluster against healthy subjects followed by bioinformatic interpretation using gene set enrichment analysis. Results Basal OCR, ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiration, and reserve capacity were significantly lower in SjD compared to healthy subjects with no observed differences in non-mitochondrial respiration, basal glycolysis, or glycolytic stress. SjD lymphocytic mitochondria show structural alterations compared to healthy subjects. Fatigue scores related to pain/discomfort in SjD correlated with the altered OCR. Results from subgroup analyses by mitophagic SjD clusters revealed highly variable inter-cluster differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and expanded the number of SjD-associated gene targets by tenfold within the same dataset. Conclusion Mitochondrial dysfunction, associated with fatigue, is a significant problem in SjD and warrants further investigation.
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13
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Chen W, Wu JY, Fan YY, Li BL, Yuan HB, Zhao X. Purpurin ameliorated neuropathic allodynia and hyperalgesia by modulating neuronal mitochondrial bioenergetics and redox status in type 1 diabetic mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176749. [PMID: 38897444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of diabetic patients suffer a debilitating and persistent pain state, known as peripheral painful neuropathy that necessitates improved therapy or antidote. Purpurin, a natural anthraquinone compound from Rubia tinctorum L., has been reported to possess antidepressant activity in preclinical studies. As antidepressants have been typically used as standard agents against persistent neuropathic pain, this study aimed to probe the effect of purpurin on neuropathic pain associated with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in male C57BL6J mice. The Hargreaves test and the von Frey test were used to assess the pain-like behaviors, shown as heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia respectively. Chronic treatment of diabetic mice with purpurin not only ameliorated the established symptoms of heat hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia, but also arrested the development of these pain states given preemptively at low doses. Although purpurin treatment hardly impacted on metabolic disturbance in diabetic mice, it ameliorated exacerbated oxidative stress in pain-associated tissues, improved mitochondrial bioenergetics in dorsal root ganglion neurons and restored nerve conduction velocity in sciatic nerves. Notably, the analgesic actions of purpurin were modified by pharmacologically manipulating redox status and mitochondrial bioenergetics. These findings unveil the analgesic activity of purpurin, an effect that is causally associated with its bioenergetics-enhancing and antioxidant effects, in mice with type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yi Wu
- Department of Pharmacology and Zhejiang Key Lab of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - You-Ya Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Zhejiang Key Lab of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Ben-Ling Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Hong-Bin Yuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Changzheng Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Zhejiang Key Lab of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University, Health Science Center, Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China.
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14
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Petriti B, Rabiolo A, Chau KY, Williams PA, Montesano G, Lascaratos G, Garway-Heath DF. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell respiratory function is associated with progressive glaucomatous vision loss. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03068-6. [PMID: 38886621 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is currently the only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma and all licensed treatments lower IOP. However, many patients continue to lose vision despite IOP-lowering treatment. Identifying biomarkers for progressive vision loss would have considerable clinical utility. We demonstrate that lower peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) oxygen consumption rate (OCR) is strongly associated with faster visual field (VF) progression in patients treated by lowering IOP (P < 0.001, 229 eyes of 139 participants), explaining 13% of variance in the rate of progression. In a separate reference cohort of untreated patients with glaucoma (213 eyes of 213 participants), IOP explained 16% of VF progression variance. OCR is lower in patients with glaucoma (n = 168) than in controls (n = 50; P < 0.001) and is lower in patients with low baseline IOP (n = 99) than those with high baseline IOP (n = 69; P < 0.01). PBMC nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) levels are lower in patients with glaucoma (n = 29) compared to controls (n = 25; P < 0.001) and strongly associated with OCR (P < 0.001). Our results support PBMC OCR and NAD levels as new biomarkers for progressive glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bledi Petriti
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alessandro Rabiolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Kai-Yin Chau
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queens Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Pete A Williams
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division of Eye and Vision, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Montesano
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | | | - David F Garway-Heath
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
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15
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Shen YX, Lee PS, Wang CC, Teng MC, Huang JH, Fan HF. Exploring the Cellular Impact of Size-Segregated Cigarette Aerosols: Insights into Indoor Particulate Matter Toxicity and Potential Therapeutic Interventions. Chem Res Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38870402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to anthropogenic aerosols has been associated with a variety of adverse health effects, increased morbidity, and premature death. Although cigarette smoke poses one of the most significant public health threats, the cellular toxicity of particulate matter contained in cigarette smoke has not been systematically interrogated in a size-segregated manner. In this study, we employed a refined particle size classification to collect cigarette aerosols, enabling a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the impacts exerted by cigarette aerosol extract (CAE) on SH-SY5Y, HEK293T, and A549 cells. Exposure to CAE reduced cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with organic components having a greater impact and SH-SY5Y cells displaying lower tolerance compared to HEK293T and A549 cells. Moreover, CAE was found to cause increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased levels of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and autophagy, leading to increased cell death. Furthermore, we found that rutin, a phytocompound with antioxidant potential, could reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species and protect against CAE-triggered cell death. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of antioxidant drugs in mitigating the adverse effects of cigarette aerosol exposure for better public health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Shen
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Pe-Shuen Lee
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chia C Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chu Teng
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jhih-Hong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Fang Fan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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16
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Samartsev VN, Belosludtsev KN, Pavlova EK, Pavlova SI, Semenova AA, Dubinin MV. Theoretical and Experimental Study of the Interaction of Protonophore Uncouplers and Decoupling Agents with Functionally Active Mitochondria. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01343-4. [PMID: 38856833 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to quantitatively characterize the effectiveness of oxidative phosphorylation uncouplers and decoupling agents in functionally active mitochondria, taking into account their content in the hydrophobic region of the inner membrane of these organelles. When conducting theoretical studies, it is accepted that uncouplers and decouplers occupy part of the volume of mitochondria to exhibit their activity, which is defined as the effective volume. The following quantities characterizing the action of these reagents are considered: (1) concentrations of reagents that cause double stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in state 4 (C 200 ); (2) effective distribution coefficient (E MW ) - the ratio of the amount of reagents in the effective volume of mitochondria and the water volume; (3) the relative amount of reagents associated with the effective volume of mitochondria (U M / U T ); (4) specific activity of reagents localized in the effective volume of mitochondria (A M ). We have developed methods for determining these values, based on an analysis of the dependence of the rate of mitochondrial respiration on the concentration of uncouplers and decoupling agents at two different concentrations of mitochondrial protein in the incubation medium. During experimental studies, we compared the effects of the classical protonophore uncouplers 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and сarbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone (FCCP), the natural uncouplers lauric and palmitic acids, and the natural decouplers α,ω-tetradecanedioic (TDA) and α,ω-hexadecanedioic (HDA) acids that differ both in the structure of the molecule and in the degree of solubility in lipids. Using the developed methods, we have clarified the dependence of the degree of activity of these uncouplers and decoupling agents on the distribution of their molecules between the effective volume of mitochondria and the water volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Samartsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Konstantin N Belosludtsev
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
- Institute of theoretical and experimental biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, 142290, Russia
| | - Evgenia K Pavlova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Svetlana I Pavlova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Alena A Semenova
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia
| | - Mikhail V Dubinin
- Mari State University, pl. Lenina 1, Yoshkar-Ola, Mari El, 424001, Russia.
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17
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Pollard S, De Silva AO, Simmons DBD. Metabolic, neurotoxic and immunotoxic effects of PFAAs and their mixtures on the proteome of the head kidney and plasma from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172389. [PMID: 38615763 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
PFAAs (Perfluoroalkyl acids) are a class of bioaccumulative, persistent and ubiquitous environmental contaminants which primarily occupy the hydrosphere and its sediments. Currently, a paucity of toxicological information exists for short chain PFAAs and complex mixtures. In order to address these knowledge gaps, we performed a 3-week, aqueous exposure of rainbow trout to 3 different concentrations of a PFAA mixture (50, 100 and 500 ng/L) modeled after the composition determined in Lake Ontario. We conducted an additional set of exposures to individual PFAAs (25 nM each of PFOS (12,500 ng/L), PFOA (10,300 ng/L), PFBS (7500 ng/L) or PFBA (5300 ng/L) to evaluate differences in biological response across PFAA congeners. Untargeted proteomics and phosphorylated metabolomics were conducted on the blood plasma and head kidney tissue to evaluate biological response. Plasma proteomic responses to the mixtures revealed several unexpected outcomes including Similar proteomic profiles and biological processes as the PFOS exposure regime while being orders of magnitude lower in concentration and an atypical dose response in terms of the number of significantly altered proteins (FDR < 0.1). Biological pathway analysis revealed the low mixture, medium mixture and PFOS to significantly alter (FDR < 0.05) a number of processes including those involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and the nervous system. We implicate plasma increases in PPARD and PPARG as being directly related to these biological processes as they are known to be important regulators in all 3 processes. In contrast to the blood plasma, the high mixture and PFOA exposure regimes caused the greatest change to the head kidney proteome, altering many proteins being involved in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. Our findings support the pleiotropic effect PFAAs have on aquatic organisms at environmentally relevant doses including those on PPAR signaling, metabolic dysregulation, immunotoxicity and neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Pollard
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amila O De Silva
- Aquatic Contaminants Research Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Perez AS, Inada NM, Mezzacappo NF, Vollet-Filho JD, Bagnato VS. Microwave radiation and thermal effects on the bioenergetics of isolated mitochondria. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:1093-1103. [PMID: 38843455 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2348073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study proposes to investigate the effects of microwave radiation and its thermal effects, compared to thermal effects alone, on the bioenergetics of mitochondria isolated from mouse liver. METHODS The main parameters investigated in this study are mitochondrial respiration (coupled states: S3 and S4; uncoupled state), using a high-resolution respirometer, and swelling, using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS Mitochondria irradiated at 2.45 GHz microwave with doses 0.085, 0.113 and 0.141 kJ/g, presented a decrease in S3 and uncoupled state, but an increase in S4. Conversely, mitochondria thermally treated at 40, 44 and 50 °C presented an increasing in S3 and S4, while uncoupled state was unaltered. Mitochondrial swelling increases as a function of the dose or temperature, indicating membrane damages in both cases. CONCLUSION Microwave radiation and thermal effect alone indicated different bioenergetics mitochondria response. These results imply that the effects due to microwave in medical treatment are not exclusively due to the increase in temperature, but a combination of electromagnetic and thermal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline S Perez
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia M Inada
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Jose D Vollet-Filho
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei S Bagnato
- Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Carlos, Brazil
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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19
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Roussel D, Roussel N, Voituron Y, Rey B. Liver mitochondrial coupling efficiency and its relationship to oxidative capacity and adenine nucleotide translocase content: A comparative study among crocodiles, birds and mammals. Mitochondrion 2024; 78:101909. [PMID: 38844192 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2024.101909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The primary objective of this study was to assess whether adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) content could be associated with phylogenetic disparities in mitochondrial coupling efficiency, within liver mitochondria obtained from rats, crocodiles, and ducklings. Our measurements included mitochondrial membrane conductance, ANT content, and oxidative phosphorylation fluxes at various steady-state rates. We observed significant variations in liver mitochondrial coupling efficiency across the three species. These variations correlated with interspecific differences in mitochondrial oxidative capacity and, to a lesser extent, the ANT content of liver mitochondria. These findings expand upon previous research by highlighting the pivotal role of oxidative capacity and ANT in modulating mitochondrial efficiency on an interspecific scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Roussel
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, France.
| | | | - Yann Voituron
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, France
| | - Benjamin Rey
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR 5558 LBBE, France
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20
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Méndez D, Tellería F, Monroy-Cárdenas M, Montecino-Garrido H, Mansilla S, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Muñoz-Córdova F, Zickermann V, Schiller J, Alfaro S, Caballero J, Araya-Maturana R, Fuentes E. Linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic hydroquinone improves their antiplatelet effect via the regulation of mitochondrial function. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103142. [PMID: 38581860 PMCID: PMC11002875 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Platelets are the critical target for preventing and treating pathological thrombus formation. However, despite current antiplatelet therapy, cardiovascular mortality remains high, and cardiovascular events continue in prescribed patients. In this study, first results were obtained with ortho-carbonyl hydroquinones as antiplatelet agents; we found that linking triphenylphosphonium cation to a bicyclic ortho-carbonyl hydroquinone moiety by a short alkyl chain significantly improved their antiplatelet effect by affecting the mitochondrial functioning. The mechanism of action involves uncoupling OXPHOS, which leads to an increase in mitochondrial ROS production and a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and OCR. This alteration disrupts the energy production by mitochondrial function necessary for the platelet activation process. These effects are responsive to the complete structure of the compounds and not to isolated parts of the compounds tested. The results obtained in this research can be used as the basis for developing new antiplatelet agents that target mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Méndez
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisca Tellería
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Matías Monroy-Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile
| | - Héctor Montecino-Garrido
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Santiago Mansilla
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Laura Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, 11800, Uruguay
| | | | - Volker Zickermann
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Jonathan Schiller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Medical School, Germany
| | - Sergio Alfaro
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática, Simulación y Modelado (CBSM), Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 1 Poniente No. 1141, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Ramiro Araya-Maturana
- Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Universidad de Talca, Talca, 3460000, Chile.
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis and Healthy Aging Research Center, MIBI: Interdisciplinary Group on Mitochondrial Targeting and Bioenergetics, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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21
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Welch N, Mishra S, Bellar A, Kannan P, Gopan A, Goudarzi M, King J, Luknis M, Musich R, Agrawal V, Bena J, Koch CJ, Li L, Willard B, Shah YM, Dasarathy S. Differential impact of sex on regulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and protein homeostasis by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α in normoxia. J Physiol 2024; 602:2763-2806. [PMID: 38761133 PMCID: PMC11178475 DOI: 10.1113/jp285339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is continuously synthesized and degraded in normoxia. During hypoxia, HIF1α stabilization restricts cellular/mitochondrial oxygen utilization. Cellular stressors can stabilize HIF1α even during normoxia. However, less is known about HIF1α function(s) and sex-specific effects during normoxia in the basal state. Since skeletal muscle is the largest protein store in mammals and protein homeostasis has high energy demands, we determined HIF1α function at baseline during normoxia in skeletal muscle. Untargeted multiomics data analyses were followed by experimental validation in differentiated murine myotubes with loss/gain of function and skeletal muscle from mice without/with post-natal muscle-specific Hif1a deletion (Hif1amsd). Mitochondrial oxygen consumption studies using substrate, uncoupler, inhibitor, titration protocols; targeted metabolite quantification by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; and post-mitotic senescence markers using biochemical assays were performed. Multiomics analyses showed enrichment in mitochondrial and cell cycle regulatory pathways in Hif1a deleted cells/tissue. Experimentally, mitochondrial oxidative functions and ATP content were higher with less mitochondrial free radical generation with Hif1a deletion. Deletion of Hif1a also resulted in higher concentrations of TCA cycle intermediates and HIF2α proteins in myotubes. Overall responses to Hif1amsd were similar in male and female mice, but changes in complex II function, maximum respiration, Sirt3 and HIF1β protein expression and muscle fibre diameter were sex-dependent. Adaptive responses to hypoxia are mediated by stabilization of constantly synthesized HIF1α. Despite rapid degradation, the presence of HIF1α during normoxia contributes to lower mitochondrial oxidative efficiency and greater post-mitotic senescence in skeletal muscle. In vivo responses to HIF1α in skeletal muscle were differentially impacted by sex. KEY POINTS: Hypoxia-inducible factor -1α (HIF1α), a critical transcription factor, undergoes continuous synthesis and proteolysis, enabling rapid adaptive responses to hypoxia by reducing mitochondrial oxygen consumption. In mammals, skeletal muscle is the largest protein store which is determined by a balance between protein synthesis and breakdown and is sensitive to mitochondrial oxidative function. To investigate the functional consequences of transient HIF1α expression during normoxia in the basal state, myotubes and skeletal muscle from male and female mice with HIF1α knockout were studied using complementary multiomics, biochemical and metabolite assays. HIF1α knockout altered the electron transport chain, mitochondrial oxidative function, signalling molecules for protein homeostasis, and post-mitotic senescence markers, some of which were differentially impacted by sex. The cost of rapid adaptive responses mediated by HIF1α is lower mitochondrial oxidative efficiency and post-mitotic senescence during normoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Welch
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Saurabh Mishra
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Annette Bellar
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Pugazhendhi Kannan
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Amrit Gopan
- KEM Hospital, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Maryam Goudarzi
- Respiratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Jasmine King
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Mathew Luknis
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan Musich
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vandana Agrawal
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - James Bena
- Quantitative Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Ling Li
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Belinda Willard
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Core, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Srinivasan Dasarathy
- Departments of Inflammation and Immunity, Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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22
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Kranrod J, Konkel A, Valencia R, Darwesh AM, Fischer R, Schunck WH, Seubert JM. Cardioprotective properties of OMT-28, a synthetic analog of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107372. [PMID: 38754781 PMCID: PMC11214398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
OMT-28 is a metabolically robust small molecule developed to mimic the structure and function of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids. However, it remained unknown to what extent OMT-28 also shares the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory properties of its natural counterparts. To address this question, we analyzed the ability of OMT-28 to ameliorate hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-injury and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxemia in cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, we investigated the potential of OMT-28 to limit functional damage and inflammasome activation in isolated perfused mouse hearts subjected to ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury. In the HR model, OMT-28 (1 μM) treatment largely preserved cell viability (about 75 versus 40% with the vehicle) and mitochondrial function as indicated by the maintenance of NAD+/NADH-, ADP/ATP-, and respiratory control ratios. Moreover, OMT-28 blocked the HR-induced production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Pharmacological inhibition experiments suggested that Gαi, PI3K, PPARα, and Sirt1 are essential components of the OMT-28-mediated pro-survival pathway. Counteracting inflammatory injury of cardiomyocytes, OMT-28 (1 μM) reduced LPS-induced increases in TNFα protein (by about 85% versus vehicle) and NF-κB DNA binding (by about 70% versus vehicle). In the ex vivo model, OMT-28 improved post-IR myocardial function recovery to reach about 40% of the baseline value compared to less than 20% with the vehicle. Furthermore, OMT-28 (1 μM) limited IR-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation similarly to a direct NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950). Overall, this study demonstrates that OMT-28 possesses potent cardio-protective and anti-inflammatory properties supporting the hypothesis that extending the bioavailability of omega-3 epoxyeicosanoids may improve their prospects as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Kranrod
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Robert Valencia
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ahmed M Darwesh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | | | - John M Seubert
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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23
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Bhalla K, Rosier K, Monnens Y, Meulemans S, Vervoort E, Thorrez L, Agostinis P, Meier DT, Rochtus A, Resnick JL, Creemers JWM. Similar metabolic pathways are affected in both Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 and Prader-Willi Syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167175. [PMID: 38626828 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Loss of prolyl endopeptidase-like (PREPL) encoding a serine hydrolase with (thio)esterase activity leads to the recessive metabolic disorder Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-22 (CMS22). It is characterized by severe neonatal hypotonia, feeding problems, growth retardation, and hyperphagia leading to rapid weight gain later in childhood. The phenotypic similarities with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) are striking, suggesting that similar pathways are affected. The aim of this study was to identify changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in mouse models for both disorders and to examine mitochondrial function in skin fibroblasts of patients and knockout cell lines. We have demonstrated that Prepl is downregulated in the brains of neonatal PWS-IC-p/+m mice. In addition, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis is similarly affected in both Prepl-/- and PWS-IC-p/+m mice resulting in defective orexigenic signaling and growth retardation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mitochondrial function is altered in PREPL knockout HEK293T cells and can be rescued with the supplementation of coenzyme Q10. Finally, PREPL-deficient and PWS patient skin fibroblasts display defective mitochondrial bioenergetics. The mitochondrial dysfunction in PWS fibroblasts can be rescued by overexpression of PREPL. In conclusion, we provide the first molecular parallels between CMS22 and PWS, raising the possibility that PREPL substrates might become therapeutic targets for treating both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika Bhalla
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Rosier
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yenthe Monnens
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sandra Meulemans
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ellen Vervoort
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research & Therapy, VIB, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lieven Thorrez
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven Campus Kulak, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Laboratory for Cell Death Research & Therapy, VIB, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Center for Cancer Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel T Meier
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anne Rochtus
- Department of Development and Regeneration, UZ Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L Resnick
- Department of Molecular genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - John W M Creemers
- Laboratory for Biochemical Neuroendocrinology, Department of Human genetics, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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24
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Mailloux RJ. The emerging importance of the α-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes in serving as intracellular and intercellular signaling platforms for the regulation of metabolism. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103155. [PMID: 38615490 PMCID: PMC11021975 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The α-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (KDHc) class of mitochondrial enzymes is composed of four members: pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHc), branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHc), and 2-oxoadipate dehydrogenase (OADHc). These enzyme complexes occupy critical metabolic intersections that connect monosaccharide, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism to Krebs cycle flux and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This feature also imbues KDHc enzymes with the heightened capacity to serve as platforms for propagation of intracellular and intercellular signaling. KDHc enzymes serve as a source and sink for mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide (mtH2O2), a vital second messenger used to trigger oxidative eustress pathways. Notably, deactivation of KDHc enzymes through reversible oxidation by mtH2O2 and other electrophiles modulates the availability of several Krebs cycle intermediates and related metabolites which serve as powerful intracellular and intercellular messengers. The KDHc enzymes also play important roles in the modulation of mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetic programming in the nucleus through the provision of various acyl-CoAs, which are used to acylate proteinaceous lysine residues. Intriguingly, nucleosomal control by acylation is also achieved through PDHc and KGDHc localization to the nuclear lumen. In this review, I discuss emerging concepts in the signaling roles fulfilled by the KDHc complexes. I highlight their vital function in serving as mitochondrial redox sensors and how this function can be used by cells to regulate the availability of critical metabolites required in cell signaling. Coupled with this, I describe in detail how defects in KDHc function can cause disease states through the disruption of cell redox homeodynamics and the deregulation of metabolic signaling. Finally, I propose that the intracellular and intercellular signaling functions of the KDHc enzymes are controlled through the reversible redox modification of the vicinal lipoic acid thiols in the E2 subunit of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Mailloux
- School of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Quebec, Canada.
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25
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Kovacevic B, Wagle SR, Ionescu CM, Foster T, Đanić M, Mikov M, Mooranian A, Al-Salami H. Biotechnological Effects of Advanced Smart-Bile Acid Cyclodextrin-Based Nanogels for Ear Delivery and Treatment of Hearing Loss. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303149. [PMID: 38514042 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Inner ear delivery requires safe and effective drug delivery vehicles incorporating high-viscosity formulations with permeation enhancers. This study designs novel thermoresponsive-smart polymer-bile acid and cyclodextrin-based nanogels for inner ear delivery. Nanogels are examined for their rheological and physical properties. The biocompatibility studies will be assessed on auditory and macrophage cell lines by investigating the impact of nanogels on cellular viability, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, intracellular oxidative stress, inflammatory profile, and macrophage polarization. Novel ther nanogels based on bile acid and beta-cyclodextrin show preserved porous nanogels' inner structure, exhibit non-Newtonian, shear-thinning fluid behavior, have fast gelation at 37 °C and minimal albumin adsorption on the surface. The nanogels have minimal impact on cellular viability, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, intracellular oxidative stress, and inflammatory profile of the auditory cell line House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 after 24 h incubation. Nanogel exposure of 24 h to macrophage cell line RAW264.7 leads to decreased viability, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased intracellular ROS and inflammatory cytokines. However, polarization changes from M2 anti-inflammatory to M1 pro-inflammatory macrophages are minimal, and inflammatory products of RAW264.7 macrophages do not overly disrupt the survivability of HEI-OC1 cells. Based on these results, thermoresponsive bile acid and cyclodextrin nanogels can be potential drug delivery vehicles for inner ear drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozica Kovacevic
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Susbin Raj Wagle
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Corina Mihaela Ionescu
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Thomas Foster
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Maja Đanić
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Momir Mikov
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, 21101, Serbia
| | - Armin Mooranian
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, Dunedin, Otago, 9016, New Zealand
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- The Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, Curtin Medical School & Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia
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26
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Wang XB, Cui NH, Fang ZQ, Gao MJ, Cai D. Platelet bioenergetic profiling uncovers a metabolic pattern of high dependency on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in type 2 diabetic patients who developed in-stent restenosis. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103146. [PMID: 38579589 PMCID: PMC11000186 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Although platelet bioenergetic dysfunction is evident early in the pathogenesis of diabetic macrovascular complications, the bioenergetic characteristics in type 2 diabetic patients who developed coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) and their effects on platelet function remain unclear. Here, we performed platelet bioenergetic profiling to characterize the bioenergetic alterations in 28 type 2 diabetic patients with ISR compared with 28 type 2 diabetic patients without ISR (non-ISR) and 28 healthy individuals. Generally, platelets from type 2 diabetic patients with ISR exhibited a specific bioenergetic alteration characterized by high dependency on fatty acid (FA) oxidation, which subsequently induced complex III deficiency, causing decreased mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial oxidant production, and low efficiency of mitochondrial ATP generation. This pattern of bioenergetic dysfunction showed close relationships with both α-granule and dense granule secretion as measured by surface P-selectin expression, ATP release, and profiles of granule cargo proteins in platelet releasates. Importantly, ex vivo reproduction of high dependency on FA oxidation by exposing non-ISR platelets to its agonist mimicked the bioenergetic dysfunction observed in ISR platelets and enhanced platelet secretion, whereas pharmaceutical inhibition of FA oxidation normalized the respiratory and redox states of ISR platelets and diminished platelet secretion. Further, causal mediation analyses identified a strong association between high dependency on FA oxidation and increased angiographical severity of ISR, which was significantly mediated by the status of platelet secretion. Our findings, for the first time, uncover a pattern of bioenergetic dysfunction in ISR and enhance current understanding of the mechanistic link of high dependency on FA oxidation to platelet abnormalities in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Bin Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China.
| | - Ning-Hua Cui
- Zhengzhou Key Laboratory of Children's Infection and Immunity, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Zi-Qi Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Mi-Jie Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Dan Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Clinical Laboratory of Henan Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
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27
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Kang Z, Zhang Z, Li J, Deng K, Wang F, Fan Y. Mechanistic of AMPK/ACC2 regulating myoblast differentiation by fatty acid oxidation of goat. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 270:132243. [PMID: 38744369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Myoblast differentiation depends on fatty acid oxidation (FAO),and its rate-limiting enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) participate in the regulation skeletal muscle development. However, the precise regulatory mechanism is still unknown. Using previous RNA-sequencing data from our laboratory, we explored the effect of ACC2 on myoblast differentiation, as a candidate gene, since its expression is higher in myoblasts of lamb (first day of age) than that of the fetus (75th day of pregnancy). Our findings show that siACC2 inhibited myoblast proliferation, promoted differentiation, and boosted mitochondrial and fatty acid oxidation activities. The effect of ACC2 on goat muscle cell differentiation was modulated by Etomoxir, a CPT1A inhibitor. Notably, the AMPK/ACC2 pathway was found to regulate fatty acid oxidation and goat muscle cell differentiation. Inhibiting the AMPK/ACC2 pathway significantly reduced CPT1A expression. These findings indicate that AMPK/ACC2 regulate goat myoblast differentiation via fatty acid oxidation, contributing to understanding the mechanism of goat skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Kang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Li
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Kaiping Deng
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yixuan Fan
- Institute of Sheep and Goat Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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28
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Morales-Prieto N, Bevans R, O'Mahony A, Barron A, Giles Doran C, McCarthy E, Concannon RM, Goulding SR, McCarthy CM, Collins LM, Sullivan AM, O'Keeffe GW. Human α-synuclein overexpression upregulates SKOR1 in a rat model of simulated nigrostriatal ageing. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14155. [PMID: 38529808 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from the substantia nigra (SN) and α-synuclein (αSyn) accumulation. Age is the biggest risk factor for PD and may create a vulnerable pre-parkinsonian state, but the drivers of this association are unclear. It is known that ageing increases αSyn expression in DA neurons and that this may alter molecular processes that are central to maintaining nigrostriatal integrity. To model this, adult female Sprague-Dawley rats received a unilateral intranigral injection of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector carrying wild-type human αSyn (AAV-αSyn) or control vector (AAV-Null). AAV-αSyn induced no detrimental effects on motor behaviour, but there was expression of human wild-type αSyn throughout the midbrain and ipsilateral striatum at 20 weeks post-surgery. Microarray analysis revealed that the gene most-upregulated in the ipsilateral SN of the AAV-αSyn group was the SKI Family Transcriptional Corepressor 1 (SKOR1). Bioenergetic state analysis of mitochondrial function found that SKOR1 overexpression reduced the maximum rate of cellular respiration in SH-SY5Y cells. Furthermore, experiments in SH-SY5Y cells revealed that SKOR1 overexpression impaired neurite growth to the same extent as αSyn, and inhibited BMP-SMAD-dependent transcription, a pathway that promotes DA neuronal survival and growth. Given the normal influence of ageing on DA neuron loss in human SN, the extent of αSyn-induced SKOR1 expression may influence whether an individual undergoes normal nigrostriatal ageing or reaches a threshold for prodromal PD. This provides new insight into mechanisms through which ageing-related increases in αSyn may influence molecular mechanisms important for the maintenance of neuronal integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Morales-Prieto
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rebekah Bevans
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Adam O'Mahony
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aaron Barron
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Conor Giles Doran
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Erin McCarthy
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruth M Concannon
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Susan R Goulding
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cathal M McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Louise M Collins
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Parkinson's Disease Research Cluster (PDRC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Aideen M Sullivan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Parkinson's Disease Research Cluster (PDRC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard W O'Keeffe
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University College, Cork, Ireland
- Parkinson's Disease Research Cluster (PDRC), University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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29
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Xue P, Sánchez-León E, Hu G, Lee CWJ, Black B, Brisland A, Li H, Jung WH, Kronstad JW. The interplay between electron transport chain function and iron regulatory factors influences melanin formation in Cryptococcus neoformans. mSphere 2024; 9:e0025024. [PMID: 38687055 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00250-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial functions are critical for the ability of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans to cause disease. However, mechanistic connections between key functions such as the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and virulence factor elaboration have yet to be thoroughly characterized. Here, we observed that inhibition of ETC complex III suppressed melanin formation, a major virulence factor. This inhibition was partially overcome by defects in Cir1 or HapX, two transcription factors that regulate iron acquisition and use. In this regard, loss of Cir1 derepresses the expression of laccase genes as a potential mechanism to restore melanin, while HapX may condition melanin formation by controlling oxidative stress. We hypothesize that ETC dysfunction alters redox homeostasis to influence melanin formation. Consistent with this idea, inhibition of growth by hydrogen peroxide was exacerbated in the presence of the melanin substrate L-DOPA. In addition, loss of the mitochondrial chaperone Mrj1, which influences the activity of ETC complex III and reduces ROS accumulation, also partially overcame antimycin A inhibition of melanin. The phenotypic impact of mitochondrial dysfunction was consistent with RNA-Seq analyses of WT cells treated with antimycin A or L-DOPA, or cells lacking Cir1 that revealed influences on transcripts encoding mitochondrial functions (e.g., ETC components and proteins for Fe-S cluster assembly). Overall, these findings reveal mitochondria-nuclear communication via ROS and iron regulators to control virulence factor production in C. neoformans.IMPORTANCEThere is a growing appreciation of the importance of mitochondrial functions and iron homeostasis in the ability of fungal pathogens to sense the vertebrate host environment and cause disease. Many mitochondrial functions such as heme and iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis, and the electron transport chain (ETC), are dependent on iron. Connections between factors that regulate iron homeostasis and mitochondrial activities are known in model yeasts and are emerging for fungal pathogens. In this study, we identified connections between iron regulatory transcription factors (e.g., Cir1 and HapX) and the activity of complex III of the ETC that influence the formation of melanin, a key virulence factor in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans. This fungus causes meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised people and is a major threat to the HIV/AIDS population. Thus, understanding how mitochondrial functions influence virulence may support new therapeutic approaches to combat diseases caused by C. neoformans and other fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xue
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Eddy Sánchez-León
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Guanggan Hu
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher W J Lee
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Braydon Black
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Anna Brisland
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Haohua Li
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Won Hee Jung
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - James W Kronstad
- Michael Smith Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Bianchetti G, Bottoni P, Tringali G, Maulucci G, Tabolacci E, Clementi ME. The polyphenolic compound punicalagin protects skin fibroblasts from UVA radiation oxidative damage. CURRENT RESEARCH IN PHARMACOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY 2024; 6:100186. [PMID: 38846010 PMCID: PMC11153882 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2024.100186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a class of natural compounds that act as antioxidants, neutralising harmful free radicals that would damage cells and increase the risk of diseases such as cancer, diabetes and heart disease. They also reduce inflammation, which is thought to be at the root of many chronic diseases. We are investigating the photoprotective effects of punicalagin, a type of polyphenolic compound mainly found in pomegranates, against UVA-induced damage in human skin fibroblasts. Punicalagin increases cell viability and reduces the high levels of ROS generated by photooxidative stress through its ability to modulate the Nrf2 transcriptional pathway. Interestingly, activation of the Nrf2 pathway results in an increase in reduced glutathione, NADH, and subsequently protects mitochondrial respiratory capacity. Integrating molecular and imaging approaches, our results demonstrate a potential cytoprotective effect of punicalagin against UVA-induced skin damage through an anti-apoptotic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Bianchetti
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Bottoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biotecnologiche di base, Cliniche Intensivologiche e Perioperatorie, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tringali
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Sicurezza e Bioetica, Sezione di Farmacologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maulucci
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Tabolacci
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Clementi
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche “Giulio Natta” SCITEC-CNR, Largo Francesco Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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31
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Miquel E, Villarino R, Martínez-Palma L, Cassina A, Cassina P. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 knockdown restores the ability of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked SOD1G93A rat astrocytes to support motor neuron survival by increasing mitochondrial respiration. Glia 2024; 72:999-1011. [PMID: 38372421 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by progressive motor neuron (MN) degeneration. Various studies using cellular and animal models of ALS indicate that there is a complex interplay between MN and neighboring non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, resulting in noncell autonomous neurodegeneration. Astrocytes in ALS exhibit a lower ability to support MN survival than nondisease-associated ones, which is strongly correlated with low-mitochondrial respiratory activity. Indeed, pharmacological inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) led to an increase in the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway as the primary source of cell energy in SOD1G93A astrocytes and restored the survival of MN. Among the four PDK isoforms, PDK2 is ubiquitously expressed in astrocytes and presents low expression levels in neurons. Herein, we hypothesize whether selective knockdown of PDK2 in astrocytes may increase mitochondrial activity and, in turn, reduce SOD1G93A-associated toxicity. To assess this, cultured neonatal SOD1G93A rat astrocytes were incubated with specific PDK2 siRNA. This treatment resulted in a reduction of the enzyme expression with a concomitant decrease in the phosphorylation rate of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. In addition, PDK2-silenced SOD1G93A astrocytes exhibited restored mitochondrial bioenergetics parameters, adopting a more complex mitochondrial network. This treatment also decreased lipid droplet content in SOD1G93A astrocytes, suggesting a switch in energetic metabolism. Significantly, PDK2 knockdown increased the ability of SOD1G93A astrocytes to support MN survival, further supporting the major role of astrocyte mitochondrial respiratory activity in astrocyte-MN interactions. These results suggest that PDK2 silencing could be a cell-specific therapeutic tool to slow the progression of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Miquel
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Rosalía Villarino
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Martínez-Palma
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Adriana Cassina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Cassina
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Ozlu C, Messahel S, Minassian B, Kayani S. Mitochondrial encephalopathies and myopathies: Our tertiary center's experience. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2024; 50:31-40. [PMID: 38583367 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondrial diseases have a heterogeneous phenotype and can result from mutations in the mitochondrial or nuclear genomes, constituting a diagnostically and therapeutically challenging group of disorders. We report our center's experience with mitochondrial encephalopathies and myopathies with a cohort of 50 genetically and phenotypically diverse patients followed in the Neurology clinic over the last ten years. Seventeen patients had mitochondrial DNA mutations, presented over a wide range of ages with seizures, feeding difficulties, extraocular movements abnormalities, and had high rates of stroke-like episodes and regression. Twenty-seven patients had nuclear DNA mutations, presented early in life with feeding difficulty, failure-to-thrive, and seizures, and had high proportions of developmental delay, wheelchair dependence, spine abnormalities and dystonia. In six patients, a mutation could not be identified, but they were included for having mitochondrial disease confirmed by histopathology, enzyme analysis and clinical features. These patients had similar characteristics to patients with nuclear DNA mutations, suggesting missed underlying mutations in the nuclear genome. Management was variable among patients, but outcomes were universally poor with severe disability in all cases. Therapeutic entryways through elucidation of disease pathways and remaining unknown genes are acutely needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ozlu
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ,Dallas, TX, USA; Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Berge Minassian
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ,Dallas, TX, USA; Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Saima Kayani
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center ,Dallas, TX, USA; Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Qiao JC, Sun LJ, Zhang MY, Gui SY, Wang XC, Hu CY. Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and mitochondrial DNA copy number: A systematic review and meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 923:171423. [PMID: 38442762 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ambient particulate matter (PM) has been recognized as inducing oxidative stress, which could contribute to mitochondrial damage and dysfunction. However, studies investigating the association between ambient PM and mitochondria, particularly mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), have yielded inconsistent results. METHODS We conducted comprehensive literature searches to identify observational studies published before July 17, 2023, examining the association between ambient PM exposure and mtDNA-CN. Meta-analysis using random effects model was employed to calculate the pooled effect estimates for general individual exposures, as well as for prenatal exposure with specific trimester. Additionally, the quality and level of evidence for each exposure-outcome pair was evaluated. RESULTS A total of 10 studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The results indicated that general individual exposure to PM2.5 (β = -0.084, 95 % CI: -0.521, 0.353; I2 = 93 %) and PM10 (β = 0.035, 95 % CI: -0.129, 0.199; I2 = 95 %) did not significantly affect mtDNA-CN. Prenatal exposure to PM2.5 (β = 0.023, 95 % CI: -0.087, 0.133; I2 = 0 %) and PM10 (β = 0.006, 95 % CI: -0.135; 0.147; I2 = 51 %) were also not significantly associated with mtDNA-CN in offspring. The level of evidence for each tested exposure-outcome pair was assessed as "inadequate." CONCLUSIONS The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that there is an "inadequate" strength of evidence for the association between general individual or prenatal exposure to ambient PM and mtDNA-CN. Future research necessitates studies with more rigorous design, enhanced control of confounding factors, and improved measures of exposure to substantiate our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Chao Qiao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Liang-Jie Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Meng-Yue Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Si-Yu Gui
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xin-Chen Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 678 Furong Road, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Cheng-Yang Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China; Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Humanistic Medicine, School of Humanistic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
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34
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Ren H, Hu W, Jiang T, Yao Q, Qi Y, Huang K. Mechanical stress induced mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiovascular diseases: Novel mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116545. [PMID: 38603884 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Others and our studies have shown that mechanical stresses (forces) including shear stress and cyclic stretch, occur in various pathological conditions, play significant roles in the development and progression of CVDs. Mitochondria regulate the physiological processes of cardiac and vascular cells mainly through adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, calcium flux and redox control while promote cell death through electron transport complex (ETC) related cellular stress response. Mounting evidence reveal that mechanical stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of many CVDs including heart failure and atherosclerosis. This review summarized mitochondrial functions in cardiovascular system under physiological mechanical stress and mitochondrial dysfunction under pathological mechanical stress in CVDs (graphical abstract). The study of mitochondrial dysfunction under mechanical stress can further our understanding of the underlying mechanisms, identify potential therapeutic targets, and aid the development of novel treatments of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Ren
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weiyi Hu
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qingping Yao
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yingxin Qi
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Institute of Mechanobiology & Medical Engineering, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang, Shanghai 200240, China.
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35
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Mahapatra G, Gao Z, Bateman JR, Lockhart SN, Bergstrom J, Piloso JE, Craft S, Molina AJA. Peripheral Blood Cells From Older Adults Exhibit Sex-Associated Differences in Mitochondrial Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae098. [PMID: 38602189 PMCID: PMC11059251 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-based mitochondrial bioenergetic profiling is a feasible, economical, and minimally invasive approach that can be used to examine mitochondrial function and energy metabolism in human subjects. In this study, we use 2 complementary respirometric techniques to evaluate mitochondrial bioenergetics in both intact and permeabilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and platelets to examine sex dimorphism in mitochondrial function among older adults. Employing equal numbers of PBMCs and platelets to assess mitochondrial bioenergetics, we observe significantly higher respiration rates in female compared to male participants. Mitochondrial bioenergetic differences remain significant after controlling for independent parameters including demographic parameters (age, years of education), and cognitive parameters (mPACC5, COGDX). Our study illustrates that circulating blood cells, immune cells in particular, have distinctly different mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles between females and males. These differences should be taken into account as blood-based bioenergetic profiling is now commonly used to understand the role of mitochondrial bioenergetics in human health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gargi Mahapatra
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Zhengrong Gao
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James R Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samuel Neal Lockhart
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jaclyn Bergstrom
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jemima Elizabeth Piloso
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Suzanne Craft
- Section on Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Sticht Center for Healthy Aging and Alzheimer’s Prevention, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anthony J A Molina
- Division of Geriatrics, Gerontology, and Palliative Care, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California, USA
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36
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Mukhopadhyay B, Marietta C, Shen PH, Oiseni A, Mirshahi F, Mazzu M, Hodgkinson C, Winkler E, Yuan Q, Miranda D, Kunos G, Sanyal AJ, Goldman D. A patient-based iPSC-derived hepatocyte model of alcohol-associated cirrhosis reveals bioenergetic insights into disease pathogenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2869. [PMID: 38693144 PMCID: PMC11063145 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47085-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Only ~20% of heavy drinkers develop alcohol cirrhosis (AC). While differences in metabolism, inflammation, signaling, microbiome signatures and genetic variations have been tied to the pathogenesis of AC, the key underlying mechanisms for this interindividual variability, remain to be fully elucidated. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHLCs) from patients with AC and healthy controls differ transcriptomically, bioenergetically and histologically. They include a greater number of lipid droplets (LDs) and LD-associated mitochondria compared to control cells. These pre-pathologic indicators are effectively reversed by Aramchol, an inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase. Bioenergetically, AC iHLCs have lower spare capacity, slower ATP production and their mitochondrial fuel flexibility towards fatty acids and glutamate is weakened. MARC1 and PNPLA3, genes implicated by GWAS in alcohol cirrhosis, show to correlate with lipid droplet-associated and mitochondria-mediated oxidative damage in AC iHLCs. Knockdown of PNPLA3 expression exacerbates mitochondrial deficits and leads to lipid droplets alterations. These findings suggest that differences in mitochondrial bioenergetics and lipid droplet formation are intrinsic to AC hepatocytes and can play a role in its pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bani Mukhopadhyay
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl Marietta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Abdul Oiseni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Faridoddin Mirshahi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - Maria Mazzu
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Colin Hodgkinson
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Eli Winkler
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Qiaoping Yuan
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel Miranda
- Aivia Machine Learning Team, Leica Microsystems, Inc, Deerfield, IL, USA
| | - George Kunos
- Laboratory of Physiologic Studies, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Feng X, Li C, Zhang H, Zhang P, Shahzad M, Du W, Zhao X. Heat-Stress Impacts on Developing Bovine Oocytes: Unraveling Epigenetic Changes, Oxidative Stress, and Developmental Resilience. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4808. [PMID: 38732033 PMCID: PMC11084174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Extreme temperature during summer may lead to heat stress in cattle and compromise their productivity. It also poses detrimental impacts on the developmental capacity of bovine budding oocytes, which halt their fertility. To mitigate the adverse effects of heat stress, it is necessary to investigate the mechanisms through which it affects the developmental capacity of oocytes. The primary goal of this study was to investigate the impact of heat stress on the epigenetic modifications in bovine oocytes and embryos, as well as on oocyte developmental capacity, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial membrane potential, apoptosis, transzonal projections, and gene expression levels. Our results showed that heat stress significantly reduced the expression levels of the epigenetic modifications from histone H1, histone H2A, histone H2B, histone H4, DNA methylation, and DNA hydroxymethylation at all stages of the oocyte and embryo. Similarly, heat stress significantly reduced cleavage rate, blastocyst rate, oocyte mitochondrial-membrane potential level, adenosine-triphosphate (ATP) level, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and transzonal projection level. It was also found that heat stress affected mitochondrial distribution in oocytes and significantly increased reactive oxygen species, apoptosis levels and mitochondrial autophagy levels. Our findings suggest that heat stress significantly impacts the expression levels of genes related to oocyte developmental ability, the cytoskeleton, mitochondrial function, and epigenetic modification, lowering their competence during the summer season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Feng
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University (QAU), Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Chongyang Li
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
| | - Hang Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
| | - Muhammad Shahzad
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
| | - Weihua Du
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
| | - Xueming Zhao
- Institute of Animal Sciences (IAS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (X.F.); (C.L.); (H.Z.); (P.Z.); (M.S.); (W.D.)
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38
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Deepu V, Rai V, Agrawal DK. Quantitative Assessment of Intracellular Effectors and Cellular Response in RAGE Activation. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE RESEARCH 2024; 7:80-103. [PMID: 38784044 PMCID: PMC11113086 DOI: 10.26502/aimr.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The review delves into the methods for the quantitative assessment of intracellular effectors and cellular response of Receptor for Advanced Glycation End products (RAGE), a vital transmembrane receptor involved in a range of physiological and pathological processes. RAGE bind to Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and other ligands, which in turn activate diverse downstream signaling pathways that impact cellular responses such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune reactions. The review article discusses the intracellular signaling pathways activated by RAGE followed by differential activation of RAGE signaling across various diseases. This will ultimately guide researchers in developing targeted and effective interventions for diseases associated with RAGE activation. Further, we have discussed how PCR, western blotting, and microscopic examination of various molecules involved in downstream signaling can be leveraged to monitor, diagnose, and explore diseases involving proteins with unique post-translational modifications. This review article underscores the pressing need for advancements in molecular approaches for disease detection and management involving RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Deepu
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California 91763, USA
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King DE, Sparling AC, Joyce AS, Ryde IT, DeSouza B, Ferguson PL, Murphy SK, Meyer JN. Lack of detectable sex differences in the mitochondrial function of Caenorhabditis elegans. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38664688 PMCID: PMC11046947 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sex differences in mitochondrial function have been reported in multiple tissue and cell types. Additionally, sex-variable responses to stressors including environmental pollutants and drugs that cause mitochondrial toxicity have been observed. The mechanisms that establish these differences are thought to include hormonal modulation, epigenetic regulation, double dosing of X-linked genes, and the maternal inheritance of mtDNA. Understanding the drivers of sex differences in mitochondrial function and being able to model them in vitro is important for identifying toxic compounds with sex-variable effects. Additionally, understanding how sex differences in mitochondrial function compare across species may permit insight into the drivers of these differences, which is important for basic biology research. This study explored whether Caenorhabditis elegans, a model organism commonly used to study stress biology and toxicology, exhibits sex differences in mitochondrial function and toxicant susceptibility. To assess sex differences in mitochondrial function, we utilized four male enriched populations (N2 wild-type male enriched, fog-2(q71), him-5(e1490), and him-8(e1498)). We performed whole worm respirometry and determined whole worm ATP levels and mtDNA copy number. To probe whether sex differences manifest only after stress and inform the growing use of C. elegans as a mitochondrial health and toxicologic model, we also assessed susceptibility to a classic mitochondrial toxicant, rotenone. RESULTS We detected few to no large differences in mitochondrial function between C. elegans sexes. Though we saw no sex differences in vulnerability to rotenone, we did observe sex differences in the uptake of this lipophilic compound, which may be of interest to those utilizing C. elegans as a model organism for toxicologic studies. Additionally, we observed altered non-mitochondrial respiration in two him strains, which may be of interest to other researchers utilizing these strains. CONCLUSIONS Basal mitochondrial parameters in male and hermaphrodite C. elegans are similar, at least at the whole-organism level, as is toxicity associated with a mitochondrial Complex I inhibitor, rotenone. Our data highlights the limitation of using C. elegans as a model to study sex-variable mitochondrial function and toxicological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dillon E King
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A304, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Clare Sparling
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A304, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Abigail S Joyce
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ian T Ryde
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A304, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Beverly DeSouza
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - P Lee Ferguson
- Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Susan K Murphy
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A304, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of Environment, Duke University, 308 Research Drive, A304, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
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Rhodes EM, Yap KN, Mesquita PHC, Parry HA, Kavazis AN, Krause JS, Hill GE, Hood WR. Flexibility underlies differences in mitochondrial respiratory performance between migratory and non-migratory White-crowned Sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys). Sci Rep 2024; 14:9456. [PMID: 38658588 PMCID: PMC11043447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59715-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Migration is one of the most energy-demanding behaviors observed in birds. Mitochondria are the primary source of energy used to support these long-distance movements, yet how mitochondria meet the energetic demands of migration is scarcely studied. We quantified changes in mitochondrial respiratory performance in the White-crowned Sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys), which has a migratory and non-migratory subspecies. We hypothesized that the long-distance migratory Gambel's subspecies (Z. l. gambelii) would show higher mitochondrial respiratory performance compared to the non-migratory Nuttall's subspecies (Z. l. nuttalli). We sampled Gambel's individuals during spring pre-migration, active fall migration, and a period with no migration or breeding (winter). We sampled Nuttall's individuals during periods coinciding with fall migration and the winter period of Gambel's annual cycle. Overall, Gambel's individuals had higher citrate synthase, a proxy for mitochondrial volume, than Nuttall's individuals. This was most pronounced prior to and during migration. We found that both OXPHOS capacity (state 3) and basal respiration (state 4) of mitochondria exhibit high seasonal flexibility within Gambel's individuals, with values highest during active migration. These values in Nuttall's individuals were most similar to Gambel's individuals in winter. Our observations indicate that seasonal changes in mitochondrial respiration play a vital role in migration energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Rhodes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA.
| | - Kang Nian Yap
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paulo H C Mesquita
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, USA
| | - Hailey A Parry
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
- National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, USA
| | | | | | - Geoffrey E Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
| | - Wendy R Hood
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, USA
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Tian D, Cui M, Han M. Bacterial muropeptides promote OXPHOS and suppress mitochondrial stress in mammals. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114067. [PMID: 38583150 PMCID: PMC11107371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction critically contributes to many major human diseases. The impact of specific gut microbial metabolites on mitochondrial functions of animals and the underlying mechanisms remain to be uncovered. Here, we report a profound role of bacterial peptidoglycan muropeptides in promoting mitochondrial functions in multiple mammalian models. Muropeptide addition to human intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) leads to increased oxidative respiration and ATP production and decreased oxidative stress. Strikingly, muropeptide treatment recovers mitochondrial structure and functions and inhibits several pathological phenotypes of fibroblast cells derived from patients with mitochondrial disease. In mice, muropeptides accumulate in mitochondria of IECs and promote small intestinal homeostasis and nutrient absorption by modulating energy metabolism. Muropeptides directly bind to ATP synthase, stabilize the complex, and promote its enzymatic activity in vitro, supporting the hypothesis that muropeptides promote mitochondria homeostasis at least in part by acting as ATP synthase agonists. This study reveals a potential treatment for human mitochondrial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Tian
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mingxue Cui
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Min Han
- Department of MCDB, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
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Knippler CM, Arnst JL, Robinson IE, Matsuk V, Khatib TO, Harvey RD, Shanmugam M, Mouw JK, Fu H, Ganesh T, Marcus AI. Bisbiguanide analogs induce mitochondrial stress to inhibit lung cancer cell invasion. iScience 2024; 27:109591. [PMID: 38632988 PMCID: PMC11022046 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer metabolism to limit cellular energy and metabolite production is an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we developed analogs of the bisbiguanide, alexidine, to target lung cancer cell metabolism and assess a structure-activity relationship (SAR). The SAR led to the identification of two analogs, AX-4 and AX-7, that limit cell growth via G1/G0 cell-cycle arrest and are tolerated in vivo with favorable pharmacokinetics. Mechanistic evaluation revealed that AX-4 and AX-7 induce potent mitochondrial defects; mitochondrial cristae were deformed and the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarized. Additionally, cell metabolism was rewired, as indicated by reduced oxygen consumption and mitochondrial ATP production, with an increase in extracellular lactate. Importantly, AX-4 and AX-7 impacted overall cell behavior, as these compounds reduced collective cell invasion. Taken together, our study establishes a class of bisbiguanides as effective mitochondria and cell invasion disrupters, and proposes bisbiguanides as promising approaches to limiting cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Knippler
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jamie L. Arnst
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Isaac E. Robinson
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30318, USA
| | - Veronika Matsuk
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Cancer Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tala O. Khatib
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R. Donald Harvey
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Mala Shanmugam
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Janna K. Mouw
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Thota Ganesh
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Adam I. Marcus
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Lee Y, Ju X, Cui J, Zhang T, Hong B, Kim YH, Ko Y, Park J, Choi CH, Heo JY, Chung W. Mitochondrial dysfunction precedes hippocampal IL-1β transcription and cognitive impairments after low-dose lipopolysaccharide injection in aged mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28974. [PMID: 38596096 PMCID: PMC11002287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute cognitive impairments termed delirium often occur after inflammatory insults in elderly patients. While previous preclinical studies suggest mitochondria as a target for reducing neuroinflammation and cognitive impairments after LPS injection, fewer studies have evaluated the effects of a low-grade systemic inflammation in the aged brain. Thus, to identify the significance of mitochondrial dysfunction after a clinically relevant systemic inflammatory stimulus, we injected old-aged mice (18-20 months) with low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0.04 mg/kg). LPS injection reduced mitochondrial respiration in the hippocampus 24 h after injection (respiratory control ratio [RCR], state3u/state4o; control = 2.82 ± 0.19, LPS = 2.57 ± 0.08). However, gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β was increased (RT-PCR, control = 1.00 ± 0.30; LPS = 2.01 ± 0.67) at a more delayed time point, 48 h after LPS injection. Such changes were associated with cognitive impairments in the Barnes maze and fear chamber tests. Notably, young mice were unaffected by low-dose LPS, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction precedes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in elderly patients following a low-grade systemic insult. Our findings highlight mitochondria as a potential therapeutic target for reducing delirium in elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulim Lee
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Xianshu Ju
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jianchen Cui
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province. The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Boohwi Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Youngkwon Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jiho Park
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Sejong, South Korea
| | - Chul Hee Choi
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jun Young Heo
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Woosuk Chung
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Korea 21 FOUR Project for Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
- Brain Research Institute, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
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Yi H, Chen G, Qiu S, Maxwell JT, Lin G, Criswell T, Zhang Y. Urine-derived stem cells genetically modified with IGF1 improve muscle regeneration. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2024; 12:64-87. [PMID: 38736619 PMCID: PMC11087207 DOI: 10.62347/qskh2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to determine the impact of human urine derived stem cells (USC) and genetically modified USC that were designed to overexpress myogenic growth factor IGF1 (USCIGF), on the regenerative capacity of cardiotoxin (CTX)-injured murine skeletal muscle. METHODS We overexpressed IGF1 in USC and investigated the alterations in myogenic capacity and regenerative function in cardiotoxin-injured muscle tissues. RESULTS Compared with USC alone, USCIGF1 activated the IGF1-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway, significantly improved myogenic differentiation capacity in vitro, and enhanced the secretion of myogenic growth factors and cytokines. In addition, IGF1 overexpression increased the ability of USC to fuse with skeletal myocytes to form myotubes, regulated the pro-regenerative immune response and inflammatory cytokines, and increased myogenesis in an in vivo model of skeletal muscle injury. CONCLUSION Overall, USC genetically modified to overexpress IGF1 significantly enhanced skeletal muscle regeneration by regulating myogenic differentiation, paracrine effects, and cell fusion, as well as by modulating immune responses in injured skeletal muscles in vivo. This study provides a novel perspective for evaluating the myogenic function of USC as a nonmyogenic cell source in skeletal myogenesis. The combination of USC and IGF1 expression has the potential to provide a novel efficient therapy for skeletal muscle injury and associated muscular defects in patients with urinary incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hualin Yi
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Spine Surgery and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Sun Yat-sen University First Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and ScienceXiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Shuai Qiu
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Joshua T Maxwell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Guiting Lin
- Department of Urology, University of CaliforniaSan Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tracy Criswell
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of MedicineWinston Salem, North Carolina, USA
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Guo L, Zhang B, Zhang W, Xie Y, Chen X, Sun X, Watt DS, Liu C, Spielmann HP, Liu X. Inhibition of Carbohydrate Metabolism Potentiated by the Therapeutic Effects of Oxidative Phosphorylation Inhibitors in Colon Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1399. [PMID: 38611076 PMCID: PMC11010912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells undergo a significant level of "metabolic reprogramming" or "remodeling" to ensure an adequate supply of ATP and "building blocks" for cell survival and to facilitate accelerated proliferation. Cancer cells preferentially use glycolysis for ATP production (the Warburg effect); however, cancer cells, including colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, also depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for ATP production, a finding that suggests that both glycolysis and OXPHOS play significant roles in facilitating cancer progression and proliferation. Our prior studies identified a semisynthetic isoflavonoid, DBI-1, that served as an AMPK activator targeting mitochondrial complex I. Furthermore, DBI-1 and a glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor, BAY-876, synergistically inhibited CRC cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We now report a study of the structure-activity relationships (SARs) in the isoflavonoid family in which we identified a new DBI-1 analog, namely, DBI-2, with promising properties. Here, we aimed to explore the antitumor mechanisms of DBIs and to develop new combination strategies by targeting both glycolysis and OXPHOS. We identified DBI-2 as a novel AMPK activator using an AMPK phosphorylation assay as a readout. DBI-2 inhibited mitochondrial complex I in the Seahorse assays. We performed proliferation and Western blotting assays and conducted studies of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy to corroborate the synergistic effects of DBI-2 and BAY-876 on CRC cells in vitro. We hypothesized that restricting the carbohydrate uptake with a KD would mimic the effects of GLUT1 inhibitors, and we found that a ketogenic diet significantly enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of DBI-2 in CRC xenograft mouse models, an outcome that suggested a potentially new approach for combination cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Baochen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yanqi Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xueke Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - David S. Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - H. Peter Spielmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xifu Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory and Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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Chen PH, Lee TW, Liu SH, Huynh TV, Chung CC, Yeh YH, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Lithium downregulates phosphorylated acetyl‑CoA carboxylase 2 and attenuates mitochondrial fatty acid utilization and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:126. [PMID: 38414784 PMCID: PMC10895620 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 plays a crucial role in regulating mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation in cardiomyocytes. Lithium, a monovalent cation known for its cardioprotective potential, has been investigated for its influence on mitochondrial bioenergetics. The present study explored whether lithium modulated acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 and mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism in cardiomyocytes and the potential therapeutic applications of lithium in alleviating metabolic stress. Mitochondrial bioenergetic function, fatty acid oxidation, reactive oxygen species production, membrane potential and the expression of proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism in H9c2 cardiomyocytes treated with LiCl for 48 h was measured by using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer, fluorescence microscopy and western blotting. Small interfering RNA against glucose transporter type 4 was transfected into H9c2 cardiomyocytes for 48 h to induce metabolic stress mimicking insulin resistance. The results revealed that LiCl at a concentration of 0.3 mM (but not at a concentration of 0.1 or 1.0 mM) upregulated the expression of phosphorylated (p-)glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta and downregulated the expression of p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 but did not affect the expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase or calcineurin. Cotreatment with TWS119 (8 µM) and LiCl (0.3 mM) downregulated p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 expression to a similar extent as did treatment with TWS119 (8 µM) alone. Moreover, LiCl (0.3 mM) inhibited mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, improved coupling efficiency and the cellular respiratory control ratio, hindered reactive oxygen species production and proton leakage and restored mitochondrial membrane potential in glucose transporter type 4 knockdown-H9c2 cardiomyocytes. These findings suggested that low therapeutic levels of lithium can downregulate p-acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2, thus reducing mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Huan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shuen-Hsin Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tin Van Huynh
- International PhD Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Cheng-Chih Chung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Hsin Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan, R.O.C
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan, R.O.C
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47
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Visker JR, Leszczynski EC, Wellette-Hunsucker AG, McPeek AC, Quinn MA, Kim SH, Bazil JN, Ferguson DP. Postnatal growth restriction alters myocardial mitochondrial energetics in mice. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:562-575. [PMID: 38180279 PMCID: PMC10984791 DOI: 10.1113/ep091304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Postnatal growth restriction (PGR) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) potentially due to impairments in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) within cardiomyocyte mitochondria. The purpose of this investigation was to determine if PGR impairs cardiac metabolism, specifically OxPhos. FVB (Friend Virus B-type) mice were fed a normal-protein (NP: 20% protein), or low-protein (LP: 8% protein) isocaloric diet 2 weeks before mating. LP dams produce ∼20% less milk, and pups nursed by LP dams experience reduced growth into adulthood as compared to pups nursed by NP dams. At birth (PN1), pups born to dams fed the NP diet were transferred to LP dams (PGR group) or a different NP dam (control group: CON). At weaning (PN21), all mice were fed the NP diet. At PN22 and PN80, mitochondria were isolated for respirometry (oxygen consumption rate,J O 2 ${J_{{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ) and fluorimetry (reactive oxygen species emission,J H 2 O 2 ${J_{{{\mathrm{H}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{{\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ) analysis measured as baseline respiration (LEAK) and with saturating ADP (OxPhos). Western blotting at PN22 and PN80 determined protein abundance of uncoupling protein 3, peroxiredoxin-6, voltage-dependent anion channel and adenine nucleotide translocator 1 to provide further insight into mitochondrial function. ANOVAs with the main effects of diet, sex and age with α-level of 0.05 was set a priori. Overall, PGR (7.8 ± 1.1) had significant (P = 0.01) reductions in respiratory control in complex I when compared to CON (8.9 ± 1.0). In general, our results show that PGR led to higher electron leakage in the form of free radical production and reactive oxygen species emission. No significant diet effects were found in protein abundance. The observed reduced respiratory control and increased ROS emission in PGR mice may increase risk for CVD in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Visker
- The Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Eric C Leszczynski
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Austin G Wellette-Hunsucker
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ashley C McPeek
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Melissa A Quinn
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Seong Hyun Kim
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jason N Bazil
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - David P Ferguson
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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48
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Nevarez-Lopez CA, Muhlia-Almazan A, Gamero-Mora E, Sanchez-Paz A, Sastre-Velasquez CD, Lopez-Martinez J. The branched mitochondrial respiratory chain from the jellyfish Stomolophus sp2 as a probable adaptive response to environmental changes. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2024; 56:101-115. [PMID: 38231368 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-023-09999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
During their long evolutionary history, jellyfish have faced changes in multiple environmental factors, to which they may selectively fix adaptations, allowing some species to survive and inhabit diverse environments. Previous findings have confirmed the jellyfish's ability to synthesize large ATP amounts, mainly produced by mitochondria, in response to environmental challenges. This study characterized the respiratory chain from the mitochondria of the jellyfish Stomolophus sp2 (previously misidentified as Stomolophus meleagris). The in-gel activity from isolated jellyfish mitochondria confirmed that the mitochondrial respiratory chain contains the four canonical complexes I to IV and F0F1-ATP synthase. Specific additional activity bands, immunodetection, and mass spectrometry identification confirmed the occurrence of four alternative enzymes integrated into a branched mitochondrial respiratory chain of Stomolophus sp2: an alternative oxidase and three dehydrogenases (two NADH type II enzymes and a mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase). The analysis of each transcript sequence, their phylogenetic relationships, and each protein's predicted models confirmed the mitochondrial alternative enzymes' identity and specific characteristics. Although no statistical differences were found among the mean values of transcript abundance of each enzyme in the transcriptomes of jellyfish exposed to three different temperatures, it was confirmed that each gene was expressed at all tested conditions. These first-time reported enzymes in cnidarians suggest the adaptative ability of jellyfish's mitochondria to display rapid metabolic responses, as previously described, to maintain energetic homeostasis and face temperature variations due to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Nevarez-Lopez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - A Muhlia-Almazan
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
| | - E Gamero-Mora
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - A Sanchez-Paz
- Laboratorio de Virologia, Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste S.C. (CIBNOR), Calle Hermosa 101, Col. Los Angeles, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83106, Mexico
| | - C D Sastre-Velasquez
- Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C. (CIAD), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazaran Rosas, No. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - J Lopez-Martinez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas del Noroeste S.C. (CIBNOR), PO BOX 349, Guaymas, Sonora, 85465, Mexico
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49
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Coulson SZ, Duffy BM, Staples JF. Mitochondrial techniques for physiologists. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 271:110947. [PMID: 38278207 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2024.110947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria serve several important roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis, including adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthesis, apoptotic signalling, and regulation of both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium. Therefore, mitochondrial studies may reveal insights into metabolism at higher levels of physiological organization. The apparent complexity of mitochondrial function may be daunting to researchers new to mitochondrial physiology. This review is aimed, therefore, at such researchers to provide a brief, yet approachable overview of common techniques used to assess mitochondrial function. Here we discuss the use of high-resolution respirometry in mitochondrial experiments and common analytical platforms used for this technique. Next, we compare the use of common mitochondrial preparation techniques, including adherent cells, tissue homogenate, permeabilized fibers and isolated mitochondria. Finally, we outline additional techniques that can be used in tandem with high-resolution respirometry to assess additional aspects of mitochondrial metabolism, including ATP synthesis, calcium uptake, membrane potential and reactive oxygen species emission. We also include limitations to each of these techniques and outline recommendations for experimental design and interpretation. With a general understanding of methodologies commonly used to study mitochondrial physiology, experimenters may begin contributing to our understanding of this organelle, and how it affects other physiological phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soren Z Coulson
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brynne M Duffy
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada. https://twitter.com/BrynneDuffy
| | - James F Staples
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada
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50
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Shen Z, Sheng H, Zhao J, Xu J, Cai Z, Zhang H, Guo Z, Liu J, Liang H, Tan L, Gan S, Huang J, Zhu S. AQP8 Modulates Mitochondrial H 2O 2 Transport to Influence Glioma Proliferation. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:345-356. [PMID: 38742677 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2352467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is involved in impacting glioma proliferation and can effect tumour growth by regulating Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling levels. In addition to transporting H2O2, AQP8 has been shown to affect ROS signaling, but evidence is lacking in gliomas. In this study, we aimed to investigate how AQP8 affects ROS signaling in gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed A172 and U251 cell lines with AQP8 knockdown and AQP8 rescue by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and overexpression of lentiviral vectors. We used CCK-8 and flow cytometry to test cell proliferation and cycle, immunofluorescence and Mito-Tracker CMXRos to observe the distribution of AQP8 expression in glioma cells, Amplex and DHE to study mitochondria release of H2O2, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and NAD+/NADH ratio to assess mitochondrial function and protein blotting to detect p53 and p21 expression. RESULT We found that AQP8 co-localised with mitochondria and that knockdown of AQP8 inhibited the release of H2O2 from mitochondria and led to increased levels of ROS in mitochondria, thereby impairing mitochondrial function. We also discovered that AQP8 knockdown resulted in suppression of cell proliferation and was blocked at the G0/G1 phase with increased expression of mitochondrial ROS signalling-related p53/p21. CONCLUSIONS This finding provides further evidence for mechanistic studies of AQP8 as a prospective target for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZiHao Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - HuaJun Sheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Xi'an Hospital of TCM, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ZiLing Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - JunNan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - LiHao Tan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ShengWei Gan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ShuJuan Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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