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Lakhal-Littleton S, Cleland JGF. Iron deficiency and supplementation in heart failure. Nat Rev Cardiol 2024; 21:463-486. [PMID: 38326440 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-024-00988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Non-anaemic iron deficiency (NAID) is a strategic target in cardiovascular medicine because of its association with a range of adverse effects in various conditions. Endeavours to tackle NAID in heart failure have yielded mixed results, exposing knowledge gaps in how best to define 'iron deficiency' and the handling of iron therapies by the body. To address these gaps, we harness the latest understanding of the mechanisms of iron homeostasis outside the erythron and integrate clinical and preclinical lines of evidence. The emerging picture is that current definitions of iron deficiency do not assimilate the multiple influences at play in patients with heart failure and, consequently, fail to identify those with a truly unmet need for iron. Additionally, current iron supplementation therapies benefit only certain patients with heart failure, reflecting differences in the nature of the unmet need for iron and the modifying effects of anaemia and inflammation on the handling of iron therapies by the body. Building on these insights, we identify untapped opportunities in the management of NAID, including the refinement of current approaches and the development of novel strategies. Lessons learned from NAID in cardiovascular disease could ultimately translate into benefits for patients with other chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John G F Cleland
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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2
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Correnti M, Gammella E, Cairo G, Recalcati S. Iron Absorption: Molecular and Pathophysiological Aspects. Metabolites 2024; 14:228. [PMID: 38668356 PMCID: PMC11052485 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for growth among all branches of life, but while iron is among the most common elements, bioavailable iron is a relatively scarce nutrient. Since iron is fundamental for several biological processes, iron deficiency can be deleterious. On the other hand, excess iron may lead to cell and tissue damage. Consequently, iron balance is strictly regulated. As iron excretion is not physiologically controlled, systemic iron homeostasis is maintained at the level of absorption, which is mainly influenced by the amount of iron stores and the level of erythropoietic activity, the major iron consumer. Here, we outline recent advances that increased our understanding of the molecular aspects of iron absorption. Moreover, we examine the impact of these recent insights on dietary strategies for maintaining iron balance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.); (E.G.); (S.R.)
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Guo W, Kang C, Wang X, Zhang H, Yuan L, Wei X, Xiao Q, Hao W. Chlorocholine chloride exposure induced spermatogenic dysfunction via iron overload caused by AhR/PERK axis-dependent ferritinophagy activation. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 274:116193. [PMID: 38460407 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) is a plant growth regulator used worldwide that is detectable in cereals, fruits and animal products. The health effects of CCC exposure have raised public concern. Our previous research showed that CCC exposure decreased testosterone synthesis in pubertal rats. However, little is known about whether and how pubertal CCC exposure impacts spermatogenesis. In this study, we used BALB/c mice and spermatogonia-derived GC-1 cells to examine CCC-induced spermatogenic dysfunction. In vivo, pubertal CCC exposure led to decreased testicular weight, decreased testicular germ cells and poor sperm quality. This effect worsened after cessation of CCC exposure for the next 30 days. RNA-seq and western blot analysis revealed that CCC induced aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) signaling, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and ferritinophagy. Increased iron content and lipid peroxidation levels were also observed in CCC-treated testes. In vitro, it was identified that iron overload mediated by enhanced ferritinophagy occurred in CCC-treated GC-1 cells, which might be attributed to the PERK pathway in ERS. Further, for the first time, our study elucidated the involvement of AhR in CCC-induced iron overload, which aggravated testicular oxidative damage via lipid peroxidation. Considering the adverse impact of CCC exposure on rodents, supportive evidence from GC-1 cells, and the critical importance of spermatogenesis on male development, the effects of CCC on the male reproduction warrant increased attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqian Guo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Chenping Kang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lilan Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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4
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Ferritin: Significance in viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2531. [PMID: 38502012 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As an indispensable trace element, iron is essential for many biological processes. Increasing evidence has shown that virus infection can perturb iron metabolism and play a role in the occurrence and development of viral infection-related diseases. Ferritin plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's iron homoeostasis. It is an important protein to stabilise the iron balance in cells. Ferritin is a 24-mer hollow iron storage protein composed of two subunits: ferritin heavy chain and ferritin light chain. It was reported that ferritin is not only an intra-cellular iron storage protein, but also a pathogenic mediator that enhances the inflammatory process and stimulates the further inflammatory pathway, which is a key member of the vicious pathogenic cycle to perpetuate. Ferritin exerts immuno-suppressive and pro-inflammatory functions during viral infection. In this review, we describe in detail the basic information of ferritin in the first section, including its structural features, the regulation of ferritin. In the second part, we focus on the role of ferritin in viral infection-related diseases and the molecular mechanisms by which viral infection regulates ferritin. The last section briefly outlines the potential of ferritin in antiviral therapy. Given the importance of iron and viral infection, understanding the role of ferritin during viral infection helps us understand the relationship between iron metabolic dysfunction and viral infection, which provides a new direction for the development of antiviral therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
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5
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Ma Z, Sun J, Jiang Q, Zhao Y, Jiang H, Sun P, Feng W. Identification and analysis of mitochondria-related central genes in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, along with drug prediction. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1341366. [PMID: 38384969 PMCID: PMC10879930 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1341366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a refractory orthopedic hip joint disease that primarily affects middle-aged and young individuals. SONFH may be caused by ischemia and hypoxia of the femoral head, where mitochondria play a crucial role in oxidative reactions. Currently, there is limited literature on whether mitochondria are involved in the progression of SONFH. Here, we aim to identify and validate key potential mitochondrial-related genes in SONFH through bioinformatics analysis. This study aims to provide initial evidence that mitochondria play a role in the progression of SONFH and further elucidate the mechanisms of mitochondria in SONFH. Methods The GSE123568 mRNA expression profile dataset includes 10 non-SONFH (non-steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head) samples and 30 SONFH samples. The GSE74089 mRNA expression profile dataset includes 4 healthy samples and 4 samples with ischemic necrosis of the femoral head. Both datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The mitochondrial-related genes are derived from MitoCarta3.0, which includes data for all 1136 human genes with high confidence in mitochondrial localization based on integrated proteomics, computational, and microscopy approaches. By intersecting the GSE123568 and GSE74089 datasets with a set of mitochondrial-related genes, we screened for mitochondrial-related genes involved in SONFH. Subsequently, we used the good Samples Genes method in R language to remove outlier genes and samples in the GSE123568 dataset. We further used WGCNA to construct a scale-free co-expression network and selected the hub gene set with the highest connectivity. We then intersected this gene set with the previously identified mitochondrial-related genes to select the genes with the highest correlation. A total of 7 mitochondrial-related genes were selected. Next, we performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis on the selected mitochondrial-related genes using R software. Furthermore, we performed protein network analysis on the differentially expressed proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genes using STRING. We used the GSEA software to group the genes within the gene set in the GSE123568 dataset based on their coordinated changes and evaluate their impact on phenotype changes. Subsequently, we grouped the samples based on the 7 selected mitochondrial-related genes using R software and observed the differences in immune cell infiltration between the groups. Finally, we evaluated the prognostic significance of these features in the two datasets, consisting of a total of 48 samples, by integrating disease status and the 7 gene features using the cox method in the survival R package. We performed ROC analysis using the roc function in the pROC package and evaluated the AUC and confidence intervals using the ci function to obtain the final AUC results. Results Identification and analysis of 7 intersecting DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were obtained among peripheral blood, cartilage samples, hub genes, and mitochondrial-related genes. These 7 DEGs include FTH1, LACTB, PDK3, RAB5IF, SOD2, and SQOR, all of which are upregulated genes with no intersection in the downregulated gene set. Subsequently, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs are primarily involved in processes such as oxidative stress, release of cytochrome C from mitochondria, negative regulation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway, cell apoptosis, mitochondrial metabolism, p53 signaling pathway, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. GSEA also revealed enriched pathways associated with hub genes. Finally, the diagnostic value of these key genes for hormone-related ischemic necrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) was confirmed using ROC curves. Conclusion BID, FTH1, LACTB, PDK3, RAB5IF, SOD2, and SQOR may serve as potential diagnostic mitochondrial-related biomarkers for SONFH. Additionally, they hold research value in investigating the involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of ischemic necrosis of the femoral head.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheru Ma
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Haozhuo Jiang
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Orthopaedic Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Chang chun, China
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Zhang H, Wu D, Wang Y, Shi Y, Shao Y, Zeng F, Spencer CB, Ortoga L, Wu D, Miao C. Ferritin-mediated neutrophil extracellular traps formation and cytokine storm via macrophage scavenger receptor in sepsis-associated lung injury. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:97. [PMID: 38308264 PMCID: PMC10837893 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01440-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis is a severe systemic inflammatory disorder manifested by a dysregulated immune response to infection and multi-organ failure. Numerous studies have shown that elevated ferritin levels exist as an essential feature during sepsis and are able to suggest patients' prognoses. At the same time, the specific mechanism of ferritin-induced inflammatory injury remains unclear. METHODS Hyper-ferritin state during inflammation was performed by injecting ferritin into a mouse model and demonstrated that injection of ferritin could induce a systemic inflammatory response and increase neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation.Padi4-/-, Elane-/- and Cybb-/- mice were used for the NETs formation experiment. Western blot, immunofluorescence, ELISA, and flow cytometry examined the changes in NETs, inflammation, and related signaling pathways. RESULTS Ferritin induces NET formation in a peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4), neutrophil elastase (NE), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent manner, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response. Mechanistically, ferritin induces the expression of neutrophil macrophage scavenger receptor (MSR), which promotes the formation of NETs. Clinically, high levels of ferritin in patients with severe sepsis correlate with NETs-mediated cytokines storm and are proportional to the severity of sepsis-induced lung injury. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, we demonstrated that hyper-ferritin can induce systemic inflammation and increase NET formation in an MSR-dependent manner. This process relies on PAD4, NE, and ROS, further aggravating acute lung injury. In the clinic, high serum ferritin levels are associated with elevated NETs and worse lung injury, which suggests a poor prognosis for patients with sepsis. Our study indicated that targeting NETs or MSR could be a potential treatment to alleviate lung damage and systemic inflammation during sepsis. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanghanzhao Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuxin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Shao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fu Zeng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Charles B Spencer
- Department of Cardiac surgery, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Lilibeth Ortoga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
| | - Dehua Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180# Feng-Lin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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7
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Muranov KO. Fenton Reaction in vivo and in vitro. Possibilities and Limitations. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2024; 89:S112-S126. [PMID: 38621747 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924140074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The review considers the problem of hydrogen peroxide decomposition and hydroxyl radical formation in the presence of iron in vivo and in vitro. Analysis of the literature data allows us to conclude that, under physiological conditions, transport of iron, carried out with the help of carrier proteins, minimizes the possibility of appearance of free iron ions in cytoplasm of the cell. Under pathological conditions, when the process of transferring an iron ion from a donor protein to an acceptor protein can be disrupted due to modifications of the carrier proteins, iron ions can enter cytosol. However, at pH values close to neutral, which is typical for cytosol, iron ions are converted into water-insoluble hydroxides. This makes it impossible to decompose hydrogen peroxide according to the mechanism of the classical Fenton reaction. A similar situation is observed in vitro, since buffers with pH close to neutral are used to simulate free radical oxidation. At the same time, iron hydroxides are able to catalyze decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with formation of a hydroxyl radical. Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with iron hydroxides is called Fenton-like reaction. Studying the features of Fenton-like reaction in biological systems is the subject of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin O Muranov
- Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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Kaur H, Minchella P, Alvarez-Carbonell D, Purandare N, Nagampalli VK, Blankenberg D, Hulgan T, Gerschenson M, Karn J, Aras S, Kallianpur AR. Contemporary Antiretroviral Therapy Dysregulates Iron Transport and Augments Mitochondrial Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Human Microglia and Neural-Lineage Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12242. [PMID: 37569616 PMCID: PMC10419149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated cognitive dysfunction during combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) involves mitochondrial dysfunction, but the impact of contemporary cART on chronic metabolic changes in the brain and in latent HIV infection is unclear. We interrogated mitochondrial function in a human microglia (hμglia) cell line harboring inducible HIV provirus and in SH-SY5Y cells after exposure to individual antiretroviral drugs or cART, using the MitoStress assay. cART-induced changes in protein expression, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and cellular iron were also explored. Finally, we evaluated the ability of ROS scavengers or plasmid-mediated overexpression of the antioxidant iron-binding protein, Fth1, to reverse mitochondrial defects. Contemporary antiretroviral drugs, particularly bictegravir, depressed multiple facets of mitochondrial function by 20-30%, with the most pronounced effects in latently infected HIV+ hμglia and SH-SY5Y cells. Latently HIV-infected hμglia exhibited upregulated glycolysis. Increases in total and/or mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial DNA copy number, and cellular iron accompanied mitochondrial defects in hμglia and SH-SY5Y cells. In SH-SY5Y cells, cART reduced mitochondrial iron-sulfur-cluster-containing supercomplex and subunit expression and increased Nox2 expression. Fth1 overexpression or pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine prevented cART-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Contemporary cART impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics in hμglia and SH-SY5Y cells, partly through cellular iron accumulation; some effects differ by HIV latency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Paige Minchella
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - David Alvarez-Carbonell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Neeraja Purandare
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Vijay K. Nagampalli
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Daniel Blankenberg
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Todd Hulgan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96844, USA
| | - Jonathan Karn
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Siddhesh Aras
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Asha R. Kallianpur
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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9
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Aghabi D, Sloan M, Gill G, Hartmann E, Antipova O, Dou Z, Guerra AJ, Carruthers VB, Harding CR. The vacuolar iron transporter mediates iron detoxification in Toxoplasma gondii. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3659. [PMID: 37339985 PMCID: PMC10281983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39436-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is essential to cells as a cofactor in enzymes of respiration and replication, however without correct storage, iron leads to the formation of dangerous oxygen radicals. In yeast and plants, iron is transported into a membrane-bound vacuole by the vacuolar iron transporter (VIT). This transporter is conserved in the apicomplexan family of obligate intracellular parasites, including in Toxoplasma gondii. Here, we assess the role of VIT and iron storage in T. gondii. By deleting VIT, we find a slight growth defect in vitro, and iron hypersensitivity, confirming its essential role in parasite iron detoxification, which can be rescued by scavenging of oxygen radicals. We show VIT expression is regulated by iron at transcript and protein levels, and by altering VIT localization. In the absence of VIT, T. gondii responds by altering expression of iron metabolism genes and by increasing antioxidant protein catalase activity. We also show that iron detoxification has an important role both in parasite survival within macrophages and in virulence in a mouse model. Together, by demonstrating a critical role for VIT during iron detoxification in T. gondii, we reveal the importance of iron storage in the parasite and provide the first insight into the machinery involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Aghabi
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Megan Sloan
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Grace Gill
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Elena Hartmann
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Olga Antipova
- X-Ray Sciences Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - Zhicheng Dou
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Alfredo J Guerra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Cayman Chemical Company, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Vern B Carruthers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Clare R Harding
- Wellcome Centre of Integrative Parasitology, School of Infection and Immunity, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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10
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Guo J, Lyu S, Qi Y, Chen X, Yang L, Zhao C, Wang H. Molecular evolution and gene expression of ferritin family involved in immune defense of lampreys. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 146:104729. [PMID: 37187445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, one of the key regulators of iron homeostasis, is widely present throughout almost all species. The vertebrate ferritin family, which originates from a single gene in the ancestral invertebrates, contains the widest variety of ferritin subtypes among all animal species. However, the evolutionary history of the vertebrate ferritin family remains to be further clarified. In this study, genome-wide identification of the ferritin homologs is performed in lampreys, which are the extant representatives of jawless vertebrates that diverged from the future jawed vertebrates more than 500 million years ago. Molecular evolutionary analyses show that four members of the lamprey ferritin family, L-FT1-4, are derived from a common ancestor with jawed vertebrate ferritins prior to the divergence of the jawed vertebrate ferritin subtypes. The lamprey ferritin family shares evolutionarily conserved characteristics of the ferritin H subunit with higher vertebrates, but certain members such as L-FT1 additionally accumulate some features of the M or L subunits. Expression profiling reveals that lamprey ferritins are highly expressed in the liver. The transcription of L-FT1 is significantly induced in the liver and heart during lipopolysaccharide stimulation, indicating that L-FTs may play a role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection in lampreys. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of L-FT1 in quiescent and LPS-activated leukocytes is up- and down-regulated by the lamprey TGF-β2, an essential regulator of the inflammatory response, respectively. Our results provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the vertebrate ferritin family and reveal that lamprey ferritins may be involved in immune regulation as target genes of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Shuangyu Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yanchen Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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11
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Yang J, Xing J, Zhu X, Xie X, Wang L, Zhang X. Effects of hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors vs. erythropoiesis-stimulating agents on iron metabolism in non-dialysis-dependent anemic patients with CKD: A network meta-analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1131516. [PMID: 37008953 PMCID: PMC10060950 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1131516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of five hypoxia-inducible factor-prolyl hydroxylase domain inhibitors (HIF-PHIs), two erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs), and placebo on iron metabolism in renal anemia patients with non-dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease (NDD-CKD). METHOD Five electronic databases were searched for studies. Randomized controlled clinical trials comparing HIF-PHIs, ESAs, and placebo in NDD-CKD patients were selected. The statistical program used for network meta-analysis was Stata/SE 15.1. The main outcomes were the change in hepcidin and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. The merits of intervention measures were predicted by the surface under the cumulative ranking curve method. RESULTS Of 1,589 original titles screened, data were extracted from 15 trials (3,228 participants). All HIF-PHIs and ESAs showed greater Hb level-raising ability than placebo. Among them, desidustat demonstrated the highest probability of increasing Hb (95.6%). Hepcidin [mean deviation (MD) = -43.42, 95%CI: -47.08 to -39.76], ferritin (MD= -48.56, 95%CI: -55.21 to -41.96), and transferrin saturation (MD = -4.73, 95%CI: -5.52 to -3.94) were decreased, while transferrin (MD = 0.09, 95%CI: 0.01 to 0.18) and total iron-binding capacity (MD = 6.34, 95%CI: 5.71 to 6.96) was increased in HIF-PHIs versus those in ESAs. In addition, this study observed heterogeneity in the ability of HIF-PHIs to decrease hepcidin. Compared with darbepoetin, only daprodustat (MD = -49.09, 95% CI: -98.13 to -0.05) could significantly reduce hepcidin levels. Meanwhile, daprodustat also showed the highest hepcidin-lowering efficacy (84.0%), while placebo was the lowest (8.2%). CONCLUSION For NDD-CKD patients, HIF-PHIs could ameliorate functional iron deficiency by promoting iron transport and utilization, which may be achieved by decreasing hepcidin levels. Interestingly, HIF-PHIs had heterogeneous effects on iron metabolism. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=242777, Identifier CRD42021242777.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junlan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Xing
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaotong Xie
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University/Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoliang Zhang,
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12
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Zhao Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Li K, Zhou L, Qiao H, Xu Q, Zhao J. The Role of Ferroptosis in Blood-Brain Barrier Injury. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:223-236. [PMID: 35106665 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-022-01197-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important barrier that maintains homeostasis within the central nervous system. Brain microvascular endothelial cells are arranged to form vessel walls and express tight junctional complexes that limit the paracellular pathways of the BBB and therefore play a crucial role in ensuring brain function. These vessel walls tightly regulate the movement of ions, molecules, and cells between the blood and the brain, which protect the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens. Primary damage caused by BBB dysfunction can disrupt the expression of tight junctions, transport proteins and leukocyte adhesion molecules, leading to brain edema, disturbances in ion homeostasis, altered signaling and immune infiltration, which can lead to neuronal cell death. Various neurological diseases are known to cause BBB dysfunction, but the mechanism that causes this disorder is not clear. Recently, ferroptosis has been found to play an important role in BBB dysfunction. Ferroptosis is a new form of regulatory cell death, which is caused by the excessive accumulation of lipid peroxides and iron-dependent reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes the role of ferroptosis in BBB dysfunction and the latest progress of ferroptosis mechanism, and further discusses the influence of various factors of ferroptosis on the severity and prognosis of BBB dysfunction, which may provide better therapeutic targets for BBB dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China. .,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Kexin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Haoduo Qiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qing Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,Sepsis Translational Medicine Key Lab of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.,China-Africa Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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13
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Peng P, Xiao F, Gao S, Fang W, Lin T, He W, Wei Q. Association between serum ferritin and bone mineral density in US adults. J Orthop Surg Res 2022; 17:494. [DOI: 10.1186/s13018-022-03357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The association between serum ferritin and bone mineral density (BMD) is still controversial. This study aims to investigate the association of serum ferritin level with BMD in US adults.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study consisting of 8445 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum ferritin and lumbar spine BMD were used as independent variables and dependent variables, respectively. We evaluated the association between serum ferritin and lumbar spine BMD through a weighted multivariable linear regression model. Subgroup and interaction analysis was also performed in this study.
Results
After adjusting for other confounding factors, serum ferritin was negatively correlated with lumbar spine BMD [β = − 0.090, 95% CI (− 0.135, − 0.045)]. Further subgroup analysis found that the strongest negative association mainly exists in females aged over 45 years [β = − 0.169, 95% CI (− 0.259, − 0.079)], and this association is not significant in other groups.
Conclusions
The results found that the association between serum ferritin and lumber spine BMD differed by gender and age. Increased level of serum ferritin may indicate a higher risk of osteoporosis or osteopenia in females aged over 45 years.
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14
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Sudarev VV, Dolotova SM, Bukhalovich SM, Bazhenov SV, Ryzhykau YL, Uversky VN, Bondarev NA, Osipov SD, Mikhailov AE, Kuklina DD, Murugova TN, Manukhov IV, Rogachev AV, Gordeliy VI, Gushchin IY, Kuklin AI, Vlasov AV. Ferritin self-assembly, structure, function, and biotechnological applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:319-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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15
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Iron metabolism and iron deficiency anemia in women. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:607-614. [PMID: 36075747 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are highly prevalent among women across their reproductive age. An iron-deficient state has been associated with and causes a number of adverse health consequences, affecting all aspects of the physical and emotional well-being of women. Heavy menstrual bleeding, pregnancy, and the postpartum period are the major causes of ID and IDA. However, despite the high prevalence and the impact on quality of life, ID and IDA among women in their reproductive age is still underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this chapter we summarized the iron metabolism and the diagnosis and treatment of ID and IDA in women.
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16
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Nuclear Factor Kappa B Promotes Ferritin Heavy Chain Expression in Bombyx mori in Response to B. mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810380. [PMID: 36142290 PMCID: PMC9499628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferritin heavy chain (FerHCH) is a major component of ferritin and plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis and redox equilibrium. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the Bombyx mori ferritin heavy chain homolog (BmFerHCH) could respond to B. mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) infection. However, the mechanism by which BmNPV regulates the expression of BmFerHCH remains unclear. In this study, BmFerHCH increased after BmNPV infection and BmNPV infection enhanced nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activity in BmN cells. An NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) reduced the expression of the virus-induced BmFerHCH in BmN cells, and overexpression of BmRelish (NF-κB) increased the expression of virus-induced BmFerHCH in BmN cells. Furthermore, BmNPV infection enhanced BmFerHCH promoter activity. The potential NF-κB cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in the BmFerHCH promoter were screened by using the JASPAR CORE database, and two effective NF-κB CREs were identified using a dual luciferase reporting system and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). BmRelish (NF-κB) bound to NF-κB CREs and promoted the transcription of BmFerHCH. Taken together, BmNPV promotes activation of BmRelish (NF-κB), and activated BmRelish (NF-κB) binds to NF-κB CREs of BmFerHCH promoter to enhance BmFerHCH expression. Our study provides a foundation for future research on the function of BmFerHCH in BmNPV infection.
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17
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Gu Q, Yuan H, Zhong H, Wei Z, Shu Y, Wang J, Ren L, Gong D, Liu S. Spatiotemporal characteristics of the pharyngeal teeth in interspecific distant hybrids of cyprinid fish: Phylogeny and expression of the initiation marker genes. Front Genet 2022; 13:983444. [PMID: 36051700 PMCID: PMC9424816 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.983444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As an important feeding organ and taxonomical characteristic, the pharyngeal teeth of cyprinid fish have very high morphological diversity and exhibit species-specific numbers and arrangements. Many genes have been verified to regulate the pharyngeal teeth development and act as the initiation marker for teeth. Six initiation marker genes for pharyngeal teeth were used as RNA probes to investigate the expression pattern, and these genes were further used to construct a phylogenetic tree for cyprinid fish including some distant hybrids. The results from in situ hybridization showed that similarities and differences existed in the expression of dlx2b, dlx4b, dlx5a, pitx2, fth1b, and scpp5 in the pharyngeal region of the hybrids (BT) by the crosses of blunt snout bream (BSB, ♀) × topmouth culter (TC, ♂). Particularly, we found a high specificity marker gene scpp5 for the early development of pharyngeal teeth. The Scpp5 expression pattern established a clear graphic representation on the spatiotemporal characteristics of the early morphogenesis of pharyngeal teeth in BT and BSB. Our results suggested that the scpp5 expression in 4V1, 3V1, and 5V1 in BT occurred earlier than that in BSB, while the replacement rate of pharyngeal teeth (4V2, 3V2, and 5V2) was faster in BSB. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the six marker genes were highly conserved and could be used as the molecular marker for identifying the parents of the distant hybrids in cyprinid fish. The expression patterns of the scpp5 gene was examined in various tissues, including the brain, gill, heart, liver, muscle, skin, fins, gonad, eye, and kidney, showing that the scpp5 gene was ubiquitously expressed, indicating its important role in cyprinid fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhong Gu
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Yuan
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zehong Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuqin Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Li Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Dingbin Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shaojun Liu,
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18
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Machado SE, Spangler D, Stacks DA, Darley-Usmar V, Benavides GA, Xie M, Balla J, Zarjou A. Counteraction of Myocardial Ferritin Heavy Chain Deficiency by Heme Oxygenase-1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8300. [PMID: 35955444 PMCID: PMC9368247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the abundance of heme proteins (cytochromes) in the mitochondrion, it is evident that a meticulously orchestrated iron metabolism is essential for cardiac health. Here, we examined the functional significance of myocardial ferritin heavy chain (FtH) in a model of acute myocardial infarction. We report that FtH deletion did not alter either the mitochondrial regulatory and surveillance pathways (fission and fusion) or mitochondrial bioenergetics in response to injury. Furthermore, deletion of myocardial FtH did not affect cardiac function, assessed by measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction, on days 1, 7, and 21 post injury. To identify the modulated pathways providing cardiomyocyte protection coincident with FtH deletion, we performed unbiased transcriptomic analysis. We found that following injury, FtH deletion was associated with upregulation of several genes with anti-ferroptotic properties, including heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the cystine/glutamate anti-porter (Slc7a11). These results suggested that HO-1 overexpression mitigates ferroptosis via upregulation of Slc7a11. Indeed, using transgenic mice with HO-1 overexpression, we demonstrate that overexpressed HO-1 is coupled with increased Slc7a11 expression. In conclusion, we demonstrate that following injury, myocardial FtH deletion leads to a compensatory upregulation in a number of anti-ferroptotic genes, including HO-1. Such HO-1 induction leads to overexpression of Slc7a11 and protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion-mediated ferroptosis, preserves mitochondrial function, and overall function of the myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Machado
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Daryll Spangler
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Delores A. Stacks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.D.-U.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Gloria A. Benavides
- Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (V.D.-U.); (G.A.B.)
| | - Min Xie
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA;
| | - József Balla
- ELKH-UD Vascular Pathophysiology Research Group 11003, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (S.E.M.); (D.S.); (D.A.S.)
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19
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Girelli D, Busti F, Brissot P, Cabantchik I, Muckenthaler MU, Porto G. Hemochromatosis classification: update and recommendations by the BIOIRON Society. Blood 2022; 139:3018-3029. [PMID: 34601591 PMCID: PMC11022970 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021011338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemochromatosis (HC) is a genetically heterogeneous disorder in which uncontrolled intestinal iron absorption may lead to progressive iron overload (IO) responsible for disabling and life-threatening complications such as arthritis, diabetes, heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. The recent advances in the knowledge of pathophysiology and molecular basis of iron metabolism have highlighted that HC is caused by mutations in at least 5 genes, resulting in insufficient hepcidin production or, rarely, resistance to hepcidin action. This has led to an HC classification based on different molecular subtypes, mainly reflecting successive gene discovery. This scheme was difficult to adopt in clinical practice and therefore needs revision. Here we present recommendations for unambiguous HC classification developed by a working group of the International Society for the Study of Iron in Biology and Medicine (BIOIRON Society), including both clinicians and basic scientists during a meeting in Heidelberg, Germany. We propose to deemphasize the use of the molecular subtype criteria in favor of a classification addressing both clinical issues and molecular complexity. Ferroportin disease (former type 4a) has been excluded because of its distinct phenotype. The novel classification aims to be of practical help whenever a detailed molecular characterization of HC is not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Girelli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, EuroBloodNet Center, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Fabiana Busti
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, EuroBloodNet Center, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ-Rennes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1241, Institut NuMeCan, Rennes, France
| | - Ioav Cabantchik
- Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Martina U. Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Graça Porto
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Santo António Hospital, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
| | - on behalf of the Nomenclature Committee of the International Society for the Study of Iron in Biology and Medicine (BIOIRON Society)
- Department of Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, EuroBloodNet Center, University of Verona and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona, Verona, Italy
- INSERM, Univ-Rennes, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 1241, Institut NuMeCan, Rennes, France
- Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology, and Immunology and Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Center, German Center for Lung Research, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Partner Site Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Clinical Hematology, Santo António Hospital, Porto University, Porto, Portugal
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20
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Ruan C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Lyu J, Zhang N, Ma Y, Shi C, Qu G, Ye M. Matrix Thermal Shift Assay for Fast Construction of Multidimensional Ligand-Target Space. Anal Chem 2022; 94:6482-6490. [PMID: 35442643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Existing thermal shift-based mass spectrometry approaches are able to identify target proteins without chemical modification of the ligand, but they are suffering from complicated workflows with limited throughput. Herein, we present a new thermal shift-based method, termed matrix thermal shift assay (mTSA), for fast deconvolution of ligand-binding targets and binding affinities at the proteome level. In mTSA, a sample matrix, treated horizontally with five different compound concentrations and vertically with five technical replicates of each condition, was denatured at a single temperature to induce protein precipitation, and then, data-independent acquisition was employed for quick protein quantification. Compared with previous thermal shift assays, the analysis throughput of mTSA was significantly improved, but the costs as well as efforts were reduced. More importantly, the matrix experiment design allowed simultaneous computation of the statistical significance and fitting of the dose-response profiles, which can be combined to enable a more accurate identification of target proteins, as well as reporting binding affinities between the ligand and individual targets. Using a pan-specific kinase inhibitor, staurosporine, we demonstrated a 36% improvement in screening sensitivity over the traditional thermal proteome profiling (TPP) and a comparable sensitivity with a latest two-dimensional TPP. Finally, mTSA was successfully applied to delineate the target landscape of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a persistent organic pollutant that is hard to perform modification on, and revealed several potential targets that might account for the toxicities of PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Ruan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jiawen Lyu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanni Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guangbo Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian 116023, China
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Yang S, Ouyang J, Lu Y, Harypursat V, Chen Y. A Dual Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:842858. [PMID: 35281042 PMCID: PMC8913507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.842858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron metabolism is vital for the survival of both humans and microorganisms. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an essential stress-response enzyme highly expressed in the lungs, and catabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin (BV)/bilirubin (BR), especially in pathological conditions which cause oxidative stress and inflammation. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) is an important raw material for the synthesis of hemoglobin in red blood cells, and patients with iron deficiency are often associated with decreased cellular immunity. CO and BR can inhibit oxidative stress and inflammation. Thus, HO-1 is regarded as a cytoprotective molecule during the infection process. However, recent study has unveiled new information regarding HO-1. Being a highly infectious pathogenic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infection causes acute oxidative stress, and increases the expression of HO-1, which may in turn facilitate MTB survival and growth due to increased iron availability. Moreover, in severe cases of MTB infection, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free iron (Fe2+) due to high levels of HO-1 can lead to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis, which may promote further MTB dissemination from cells undergoing ferroptosis. Therefore, it is important to understand and illustrate the dual role of HO-1 in tuberculosis. Herein, we critically review the interplay among HO-1, tuberculosis, and the host, thus paving the way for development of potential strategies for modulating HO-1 and iron metabolism.
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Conti L, Ciambellotti S, Giacomazzo GE, Ghini V, Cosottini L, Puliti E, Severi M, Fratini E, Cencetti F, Bruni P, Valtancoli B, Giorgi C, Turano P. Ferritin nanocomposites for the selective delivery of photosensitizing ruthenium-polypyridyl compounds to cancer cells. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi01268a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human ferritin platforms containing Ru(ii)-polypyridyl-based photosensitizers effectively target cancer cells and provide cytotoxic effects upon light-activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Conti
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Silvia Ciambellotti
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Gina Elena Giacomazzo
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Veronica Ghini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Cosottini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Elisa Puliti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- CSGI, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy
| | - Barbara Valtancoli
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Claudia Giorgi
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Department of Chemistry “Ugo Schiff”, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Consorzio Interuniversitario Risonanze Magnetiche di Metallo Proteine (C.I.R.M.M.P.), Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino 50019, Italy
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Dynamics in Anemia Development and Dysregulation of Iron Homeostasis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11100653. [PMID: 34677368 PMCID: PMC8540370 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11100653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anemia and disturbances of iron metabolism are frequently encountered in patients with COVID-19 and associated with an adverse clinical course. We retrospectively analyzed 645 consecutive COVID-19 patients hospitalized at the Innsbruck University Hospital. Pre-existing anemia was associated with increased risk for in-hospital death. We further found that the decline in hemoglobin levels during hospital stay is more pronounced in patients with signs of hyperinflammation upon admission, the latter being associated with a nearly two-fold higher risk for new onset anemia within one week. Anemia prevalence increased from 44.3% upon admission to 87.8% in patients who were still hospitalized after two weeks. A more distinct decrease in hemoglobin levels was observed in subjects with severe disease, and new-onset anemia was associated with a higher risk for ICU admission. Transferrin levels decreased within the first week of hospitalization in all patients, however, a continuous decline was observed in subjects who died. Hemoglobin, ferritin, and transferrin levels normalized in a median of 122 days after discharge from hospital. This study uncovers pre-existing anemia as well as low transferrin concentrations as risk factors for mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, whereas new-onset anemia during hospitalization is a risk factor for ICU admission. Anemia and iron disturbances are mainly driven by COVID-19 associated inflammation, and cure from infection results in resolution of anemia and normalization of dysregulated iron homeostasis.
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25
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Lima IS, Pêgo AC, Barros JT, Prada AR, Gozzelino R. Cell Death-Osis of Dopaminergic Neurons and the Role of Iron in Parkinson's Disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:453-473. [PMID: 33233941 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Significance: There is still no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Current treatments are based on the attempt to reduce dopaminergic neuronal loss, and multidisciplinary approaches have been used to provide only a temporary symptoms' relief. In addition to the difficulties of drugs developed against PD to access the brain, the specificity of those inhibitory compounds could be a concern. This because neurons might degenerate by activating distinct signaling pathways, which are often initiated by the same stimulus. Recent Advances: Apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis were shown to significantly contribute to PD progression and, so far, are the main death programs described as capable to alter brain homeostasis. Their activation is characterized by different biochemical and morphological features, some of which might even share the same molecular players. Critical Issues: If there is a pathological need to engage, in PD, multiple death programs, sequentially or simultaneously, is not clear yet. Possibly the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and/or ferroptosis correlates to different PD stages and symptom severities. This would imply that the efficacy of therapeutic approaches against neuronal death might depend on the death program they target and the relevance of this death pathway on a specific PD phase. Future Directions: In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of apoptosis, necroptosis, and ferroptosis in PD. Understanding the interrelationship between different death pathways' activation in PD is of utmost importance for the development of therapeutic approaches against disease progression. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 35, 453-473.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illyane Sofia Lima
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Pêgo
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Tomas Barros
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Prada
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raffaella Gozzelino
- Inflammation and Neurodegeneration Laboratory, Centro de Estudos de Doenças Crónicas (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.,Universidade Técnica do Atlântico (UTA), São Vicente, Cabo Verde
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Zhang J, Bai Z, Ouyang M, Xu X, Xiong H, Wang Q, Grimm B, Rochaix JD, Zhang L. The DnaJ proteins DJA6 and DJA5 are essential for chloroplast iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106742. [PMID: 33855718 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fe-S clusters are ancient, ubiquitous and highly essential prosthetic groups for numerous fundamental processes of life. The biogenesis of Fe-S clusters is a multistep process including iron acquisition, sulfur mobilization, and cluster formation. Extensive studies have provided deep insights into the mechanism of the latter two assembly steps. However, the mechanism of iron utilization during chloroplast Fe-S cluster biogenesis is still unknown. Here we identified two Arabidopsis DnaJ proteins, DJA6 and DJA5, that can bind iron through their conserved cysteine residues and facilitate iron incorporation into Fe-S clusters by interactions with the SUF (sulfur utilization factor) apparatus through their J domain. Loss of these two proteins causes severe defects in the accumulation of chloroplast Fe-S proteins, a dysfunction of photosynthesis, and a significant intracellular iron overload. Evolutionary analyses revealed that DJA6 and DJA5 are highly conserved in photosynthetic organisms ranging from cyanobacteria to higher plants and share a strong evolutionary relationship with SUFE1, SUFC, and SUFD throughout the green lineage. Thus, our work uncovers a conserved mechanism of iron utilization for chloroplast Fe-S cluster biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Photosynthesis Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaption and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zechen Bai
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Photosynthesis Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiumei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaption and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Haibo Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Photosynthesis Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaption and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bernhard Grimm
- Institute of Biology/Plant Physiology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean-David Rochaix
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lixin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaption and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Kaur H, Bush WS, Letendre SL, Ellis RJ, Heaton RK, Patton SM, Connor JR, Samuels DC, Franklin DR, Hulgan T, Kallianpur AR. Higher CSF Ferritin Heavy-Chain (Fth1) and Transferrin Predict Better Neurocognitive Performance in People with HIV. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4842-4855. [PMID: 34195939 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) remains prevalent despite antiretroviral therapy and involves white matter damage in the brain. Although iron is essential for myelination and myelin maintenance/repair, its role in HAND is largely unexplored. We tested the hypotheses that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) heavy-chain ferritin (Fth1) and transferrin, proteins integral to iron delivery and myelination, are associated with neurocognitive performance in people with HIV (PWH). Fth1, transferrin, and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 were quantified in CSF at baseline (entry) in 403 PWH from a prospective observational study who underwent serial, comprehensive neurocognitive assessments. Associations of Fth1 and transferrin with Global Deficit Score (GDS)-defined neurocognitive performance at baseline and 30-42 months of follow-up were evaluated by multivariable regression. While not associated with neurocognitive performance at baseline, higher baseline CSF Fth1 predicted significantly better neurocognitive performance over 30 months in all PWH (p < 0.05), in PWH aged < 50 at 30, 36, and 42 months (all p < 0.05), and in virally suppressed PWH at all three visit time-points (all p < 0.01). Higher CSF transferrin was associated with superior neurocognitive performance at all visits, primarily in viremic individuals (all p < 0.05). All associations persisted after adjustment for neuro-inflammation. In summary, higher CSF Fth1 is neuroprotective over prolonged follow-up in all and virally suppressed PWH, while higher CSF transferrin may be most neuroprotective during viremia. We speculate that higher CSF levels of these critical iron-delivery proteins support improved myelination and consequently, neurocognitive performance in PWH, providing a rationale for investigating their role in interventions to prevent and/or treat HAND.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic/Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave/Mail Code R4-008, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - William S Bush
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Scott L Letendre
- Departments of Medicine and Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald J Ellis
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Heaton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Stephanie M Patton
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State/Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - James R Connor
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State/Hershey College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - David C Samuels
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Donald R Franklin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Todd Hulgan
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Asha R Kallianpur
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic/Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave/Mail Code R4-008, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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Huang CW, Chuang CP, Chen YJ, Wang HY, Lin JJ, Huang CY, Wei KC, Huang FT. Integrin α 2β 1-targeting ferritin nanocarrier traverses the blood-brain barrier for effective glioma chemotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:180. [PMID: 34120610 PMCID: PMC8201891 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00925-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferritin, the natural iron storage protein complex, self-assembles into a uniform cage-like structure. Human H-ferritin (HFn) has been shown to transverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by binding to transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is abundant in endothelial cells and overexpressed in tumors, and enters cells via endocytosis. Ferritin is easily genetically modified with various functional molecules, justifying that it possesses great potential for development into a nanocarrier drug delivery system. RESULTS In this study, a unique integrin α2β1-targeting H-ferritin (2D-HFn)-based drug delivery system was developed that highlights the feasibility of receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) for glioma tumor treatment. The integrin targeting α2β1 specificity was validated by biolayer interferometry in real time monitoring and followed by cell binding, chemo-drug encapsulation stability studies. Compared with naïve HFn, 2D-HFn dramatically elevated not only doxorubicin (DOX) drug loading capacity (up to 458 drug molecules/protein cage) but also tumor targeting capability after crossing BBB in an in vitro transcytosis assay (twofold) and an in vivo orthotopic glioma model. Most importantly, DOX-loaded 2D-HFn significantly suppressed subcutaneous and orthotopic U-87MG tumor progression; in particular, orthotopic glioma mice survived for more than 80 days. CONCLUSIONS We believe that this versatile nanoparticle has established a proof-of-concept platform to enable more accurate brain tumor targeting and precision treatment arrangements. Additionally, this unique RMT based ferritin drug delivery technique would accelerate the clinical development of an innovative drug delivery strategy for central nervous system diseases with limited side effects in translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiun-Wei Huang
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Pao Chuang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, AC2-414, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Jun Chen
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, AC2-414, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Yuan Wang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, AC2-414, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jia Lin
- Center for Advanced Molecular Imaging and Translation (CAMIT), Department of Medical Research, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Yin Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chen Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Ting Huang
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, AC2-414, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 106319, Taiwan.
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Zhou CY, Zheng XD, Yang DQ. Knockout fth1b affects early mineralization of zebrafish pharyngeal teeth. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:32-37. [PMID: 33723934 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A study was conducted to explore the expression pattern and function of ferritin heavy polypeptide gene (fth1b) in zebrafish pharyngeal teeth development and lay the foundation for subsequent research on teeth development and mineralization. METHODS The zebrafish embryos were harvested at 56, 72, 96, and 120 h after fertilization. The expression of fth1b in zebrafish pharyngeal teeth development was detected by whole embryo in situ hybridization and compared with the known pharyngeal teeth marker dlx2b. The specific knockout of fth1b gene was performed using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 gene editing technology. The development of zebrafish pharyngeal teeth was detected in the fth1b-/- mutant. RESULTS The expression pattern of fth1b gene was very similar to that of the known zebrafish pharyngeal teeth marker dlx2b and was specifically expressed in the zebrafish pharyngeal teeth during development. After the specific knockout of the gene fth1b, the earliest gene that can be detect in zebrafish pharyngeal teeth-pitx2 was expressed normally during early development. The dlx2b expression was not significantly different from that of wild type zebrafish, but the mineralization of pharyngeal teeth in the mutant was weaker than that of wild type zebrafish. CONCLUSIONS The gene fth1b is specifically expressed in zebrafish pharyngeal teeth and acts on their early mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yan Zhou
- Dept. of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Xue-Dan Zheng
- Dept. of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - De-Qin Yang
- Dept. of Endodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences; Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing 401147, China
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30
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Shen Y, Chen YZ, Zhang CX. RNAi-mediated silencing of ferritin genes in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens affects survival, growth and female fecundity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:365-377. [PMID: 32741141 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, is the most destructive rice insect pest. To exploit potential target genes for applications in transgenic rice to control this sap-sucking insect pest, three ferritin genes were functionally characterized in this study. RESULTS In this study, three ferritin genes, that is, ferritin 1 Heavy Chain (NlFer1), ferritin 2 Light Chain (NlFer2) and soma ferritin (Nlsoma-Fer), were identified from BPH. Tissue-specific analyses showed that all three genes were highly expressed in the gut. Although double-stranded RNA injection-mediated RNA inference (RNAi) of Nlsoma-Fer expression resulted in only < 14% mortality in BPH, knockdown of NlFer1 or NlFer2 led to retarded growth and 100% mortality in young nymphs, and downregulation of NlFer1 and NlFer2 in newly emerged female adults caused undeveloped ovaries and severely inhibited oocyte growth, resulting in extremely low fecundity and a zero hatching rate. Knockdown of NlFer1 and NlFer2 caused similar phenotypes in BPH, indicating that they function together, as in many other animals. The results demonstrated that NlFer1 and NlFer2 were essential for BPH development and reproduction. BPHs showed high sensitivity to both dsNlFer1 and dsNlFer2, and injection of only 0.625 ng dsNlFer1 per BPH resulted in 100% mortality. Additionally, the effectiveness of feeding dsNlFer1 and dsNlFer2 to BPH nymphs was further proven. CONCLUSION NlFer1 and NlFer2 are essential for BPH development and reproduction, and the insect is highly sensitive to their depletion, suggesting that the two gut-highly-expressed genes are promising candidates for application in RNAi-based control of this destructive pest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yuan-Zhi Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of MOA of China and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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31
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Simão M, Leite RB, Cancela ML. Expression of four new ferritins from grooved carpet shell clam Ruditapes decussatus challenged with Perkinsus olseni and metals (Cd, Cu and Zn). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105675. [PMID: 33197689 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Iron has a fundamental role in life and in its biochemical reactions but, when in excess, it can promote the formation of free radicals which can lead to cell death. Therefore, managing the levels of iron is essential to regulate the production of oxidative stress related to iron, and ferritins are one of the main protein families involved in this process. Ferritins are ≈480 kDa multimeric proteins composed by 24 subunits, each with 19-26 kDa, which can accumulate up to 4500 iron atoms. Besides their role in managing iron bioavailability, they have also developed a role in organism immunity and defence present throughout evolution. In this work, we identified and characterized, for the first time, four different ferritin subunits in the clam Ruditapes decussatus, a bivalve commercially and ecologically important along the south Atlantic coast and in the Mediterranean basin, which is a major target of the parasitic protozoa Perkinsus olseni, considered one of the main causes of high levels of clam mortality. Following phylogenetic annotation, the four ferritins subunits identified were subdivided into two cytosolic and two secreted forms. All four subunits maintain the canonical ferritin structure with four main helices α (A-D) and a small helix (E), but the secreted ferritins present an additional helix in their N-terminal region (F), located after the signal peptide and with possible antimicrobial properties. Additionally, we identified in ferritin 4 an extra helix α (G) located between helices B and C. These alpha helix domains revealed high degree of similarity with antimicrobial peptides associated with antibacterial and antifungal activities. Analysis of the expression of these subunits showed that ferritins 1 and 2 are ubiquitously expressed while ferritins 3 and 4 are present mainly in visceral mass. Ferritin 1 lacked a putative functional iron response element (IRE) and appeared to be under a tight regulation. Ferritins 2 and 3 showed a strong response to infection by parasite Perkinsus olseni in contrast to ferritin 4, whose main response was related to exposure to a combination of metals. The synergistic effect between metals and infection promoted a general upregulation of the four ferritins. In conclusion, our results suggest that ferritins, besides their function in iron and metals detoxification, may play a determinant role in clam immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Simão
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
| | - Ricardo B Leite
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - M Leonor Cancela
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Department of Biomedical Sciences and Medicine (DCBM), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal; Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC) and Center for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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32
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Sousa Gerós A, Simmons A, Drakesmith H, Aulicino A, Frost JN. The battle for iron in enteric infections. Immunology 2020; 161:186-199. [PMID: 32639029 PMCID: PMC7576875 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for almost all living organisms, but can be extremely toxic in high concentrations. All organisms must therefore employ homeostatic mechanisms to finely regulate iron uptake, usage and storage in the face of dynamic environmental conditions. The critical step in mammalian systemic iron homeostasis is the fine regulation of dietary iron absorption. However, as the gastrointestinal system is also home to >1014 bacteria, all of which engage in their own programmes of iron homeostasis, the gut represents an anatomical location where the inter-kingdom fight for iron is never-ending. Here, we explore the molecular mechanisms of, and interactions between, host and bacterial iron homeostasis in the gastrointestinal tract. We first detail how mammalian systemic and cellular iron homeostasis influences gastrointestinal iron availability. We then focus on two important human pathogens, Salmonella and Clostridia; despite their differences, they exemplify how a bacterial pathogen must navigate and exploit this web of iron homeostasis interactions to avoid host nutritional immunity and replicate successfully. We then reciprocally explore how iron availability interacts with the gastrointestinal microbiota, and the consequences of this on mammalian physiology and pathogen iron acquisition. Finally, we address how understanding the battle for iron in the gastrointestinal tract might inform clinical practice and inspire new treatments for important diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sousa Gerós
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Alison Simmons
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Anna Aulicino
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Translational Gastroenterology UnitJohn Radcliffe HospitalOxfordUK
| | - Joe N. Frost
- MRC Human Immunology UnitWeatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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Biochemistry of mammalian ferritins in the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis and oxidative responses. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:352-362. [PMID: 32974854 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, an iron-storage protein, regulates cellular iron metabolism and oxidative stress. The ferritin structure is characterized as a spherical cage, inside which large amounts of iron are deposited in a safe, compact and bioavailable form. All ferritins readily catalyze Fe(II) oxidation by peroxides at the ferroxidase center to prevent free Fe(II) from participating in oxygen free radical formation via Fenton chemistry. Thus, ferritin is generally recognized as a cytoprotective stratagem against intracellular oxidative damage The expression of cytosolic ferritins is usually regulated by iron status and oxidative stress at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The mechanism of ferritin-mediated iron recycling is far from clarified, though nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) was recently identified as a cargo receptor for ferritin-based lysosomal degradation. Cytosolic ferritins are heteropolymers assembled by H- and L-chains in different proportions. The mitochondrial ferritins are homopolymers and distributed in restricted tissues. They play protective roles in mitochondria where heme- and Fe/S-enzymes are synthesized and high levels of ROS are produced. Genetic ferritin disorders are mainly related to the L-chain mutations, which generally cause severe movement diseases. This review is focused on the biochemistry and function of mammalian intracellular ferritin as the major iron-storage and anti-oxidation protein.
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Yang L, Guo J, Yu N, Liu Y, Song H, Niu J, Gu Y. Tocilizumab mimotope alleviates kidney injury and fibrosis by inhibiting IL-6 signaling and ferroptosis in UUO model. Life Sci 2020; 261:118487. [PMID: 32979361 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Previously we identified four Tocilizumab mimotopes and antibodies induced by these mimotopes could bind to IL-6R (interleukin-6 receptor) and regulate the downstream signaling pathways. On the basis of obtained research data, we sought to investigate whether the therapeutic strategies by Tocilizumab mimotope vaccination could be effective in the renal fibrosis model and show the desired activity by inhibiting IL-6 signaling in current study. MAIN METHODS We immunized the mice with the Tocilizumab mimotope and then performed the unilateral ureteric obstruction (UUO) surgery. Masson-trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the renal fibrosis. The activations and differentiations of F4/80+ cells in the spleens and kidneys were detected by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Signaling pathways involved IL-6, pro-fibrotic and ferroptosis were analyzed by immunoblot assay. The free iron and lipid oxidation end product were performed by Prussian blue staining and immunohistochemistry. The injury and apoptosis in the kidneys were evaluated by immunofluorescence. KEY FINDINGS The results showed the mimotope vaccination could reduce the level of fibrosis, injury and apoptosis by down-regulating the pro-fibrotic proteins, alleviating the activations and differentiations of macrophage F4/80+ cells in UUO models. IL-6/ERK signaling pathway was inhibited with the mimotope vaccination. The ferroptosis inhibited proteins significantly increased after the mimotope vaccination. On the contrary, the levels of free iron and lipid oxidation end product were observed to decrease in the mimotope treatment group. SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggested that the Tocilizumab mimotope vaccination might be an alternative therapy to against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Guo
- Department of Cardiorespiratory Rehabilitation, Shanghai Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoming Song
- Department of Cardiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Niu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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35
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Tsuji Y. Transmembrane protein western blotting: Impact of sample preparation on detection of SLC11A2 (DMT1) and SLC40A1 (ferroportin). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235563. [PMID: 32645092 PMCID: PMC7347119 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Western blotting has been widely used for investigation of protein expression, posttranslational modifications, and interactions. Because western blotting usually involves heat-denaturation of samples prior to gel loading, clarification of detailed procedures for sample preparation have been omitted or neglected in many publications. We show here the case that even excellent primary antibodies failed to detect a specific protein of interest due to a routine heating practice of protein samples. We performed western blotting for transmembrane iron transporter proteins; SLC11A2 (divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1), SLC40A1 (ferroportin 1, Fpn1), and transferrin receptor-1 (TfR1), along with cytoplasmic iron storage protein ferritin H. Our results in 12 human culture cell lysates indicated that only unheated samples prior to gel loading gave rise to clear resolution of DMT1 protein, while heated samples (95°C, 5min) caused the loss of resolution due to DMT1 protein aggregates. Unheated samples also resulted in better resolution for Fpn1 and TfR1 western blots. Conversely, only heated samples allowed to detect ferritin H, otherwise ferritin polymers failed to get into the gel. Neither different lysis/sample loading buffers nor sonication improved the resolution of DMT1 and Fpn1 western blots. Thus, heating samples most critically affected the outcome of western blotting, suggesting the similar cases for thousands of other transmembrane and heat-sensitive proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Tsuji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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36
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Basics and principles of cellular and systemic iron homeostasis. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 75:100866. [PMID: 32564977 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Iron is a constituent of many metalloproteins involved in vital metabolic functions. While adequate iron supply is critical for health, accumulation of excess iron promotes oxidative stress and causes tissue injury and disease. Therefore, iron homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled. Mammals have developed elegant homeostatic mechanisms at the cellular and systemic level, which serve to satisfy metabolic needs for iron and to minimize the risks posed by iron's toxicity. Cellular iron metabolism is post-transcriptionally controlled by iron regulatory proteins, IRP1 and IRP2, while systemic iron balance is regulated by the iron hormone hepcidin. This review summarizes basic principles of mammalian iron homeostasis at the cellular and systemic level. Particular attention is given on pathways for hepcidin regulation and on crosstalk between cellular and systemic homeostatic mechanisms.
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37
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Ciambellotti S, Pozzi C, Mangani S, Turano P. Iron Biomineral Growth from the Initial Nucleation Seed in L-Ferritin. Chemistry 2020; 26:5770-5773. [PMID: 32027764 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
X-ray structures of homopolymeric human L-ferritin and horse spleen ferritin were solved by freezing protein crystals at different time intervals after exposure to a ferric salt and revealed the growth of an octa-nuclear iron cluster on the inner surface of the protein cage with a key role played by some glutamate residues. An atomic resolution view of how the cluster formation develops starting from a (μ3 -oxo)tris[(μ2 -glutamato-κO:κO')](glutamato-κO)(diaquo)triiron(III) seed is provided. The results support the idea that iron biomineralization in ferritin is a process initiating at the level of the protein surface, capable of contributing coordination bonds and electrostatic guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ciambellotti
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
| | - Cecilia Pozzi
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Stefano Mangani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
| | - Paola Turano
- Magnetic Resonance Center (CERM), University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy.,Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Italy
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38
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Figueiredo-Pereira C, Dias-Pedroso D, Soares NL, Vieira HLA. CO-mediated cytoprotection is dependent on cell metabolism modulation. Redox Biol 2020; 32:101470. [PMID: 32120335 PMCID: PMC7049654 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a gasotransmitter endogenously produced by the activity of heme oxygenase, which is a stress-response enzyme. Endogenous CO or low concentrations of exogenous CO have been described to present several cytoprotective functions: anti-apoptosis, anti-inflammatory, vasomodulation, maintenance of homeostasis, stimulation of preconditioning and modulation of cell differentiation. The present review revises and discuss how CO regulates cell metabolism and how it is involved in the distinct cytoprotective roles of CO. The first found metabolic effect of CO was its increase on cellular ATP production, and since then much data have been generated. Mitochondria are the most described and studied cellular targets of CO. Mitochondria exposure to this gasotransmitter leads several consequences: ROS generation, stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, increased oxidative phosphorylation or mild uncoupling effect. Likewise, CO negatively regulates glycolysis and improves pentose phosphate pathway. More recently, CO has also been disclosed as a regulating molecule for metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Figueiredo-Pereira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Daniela Dias-Pedroso
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Nuno L Soares
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Helena L A Vieira
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciência Médicas/NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056, Lisboa, Portugal; UCIBIO, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (iBET), Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal.
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39
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Moreira AC, Mesquita G, Gomes MS. Ferritin: An Inflammatory Player Keeping Iron at the Core of Pathogen-Host Interactions. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040589. [PMID: 32325688 PMCID: PMC7232436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is an essential element for virtually all cell types due to its role in energy metabolism, nucleic acid synthesis and cell proliferation. Nevertheless, if free, iron induces cellular and organ damage through the formation of free radicals. Thus, iron levels must be firmly controlled. During infection, both host and microbe need to access iron and avoid its toxicity. Alterations in serum and cellular iron have been reported as important markers of pathology. In this regard, ferritin, first discovered as an iron storage protein, has emerged as a biomarker not only in iron-related disorders but also in inflammatory diseases, or diseases in which inflammation has a central role such as cancer, neurodegeneration or infection. The basic research on ferritin identification and functions, as well as its role in diseases with an inflammatory component and its potential as a target in host-directed therapies, are the main considerations of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C. Moreira
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (M.S.G.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
| | - Gonçalo Mesquita
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (M.S.G.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Salomé Gomes
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.M.); (M.S.G.)
- IBMC—Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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40
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Camaschella C, Nai A, Silvestri L. Iron metabolism and iron disorders revisited in the hepcidin era. Haematologica 2020; 105:260-272. [PMID: 31949017 PMCID: PMC7012465 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.232124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron is biologically essential, but also potentially toxic; as such it is tightly controlled at cell and systemic levels to prevent both deficiency and overload. Iron regulatory proteins post-transcriptionally control genes encoding proteins that modulate iron uptake, recycling and storage and are themselves regulated by iron. The master regulator of systemic iron homeostasis is the liver peptide hepcidin, which controls serum iron through degradation of ferroportin in iron-absorptive enterocytes and iron-recycling macrophages. This review emphasizes the most recent findings in iron biology, deregulation of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis in iron disorders and how research results have an impact on clinical disorders. Insufficient hepcidin production is central to iron overload while hepcidin excess leads to iron restriction. Mutations of hemochro-matosis genes result in iron excess by downregulating the liver BMP-SMAD signaling pathway or by causing hepcidin-resistance. In iron-loading anemias, such as β-thalassemia, enhanced albeit ineffective ery-thropoiesis releases erythroferrone, which sequesters BMP receptor ligands, thereby inhibiting hepcidin. In iron-refractory, iron-deficiency ane-mia mutations of the hepcidin inhibitor TMPRSS6 upregulate the BMP-SMAD pathway. Interleukin-6 in acute and chronic inflammation increases hepcidin levels, causing iron-restricted erythropoiesis and ane-mia of inflammation in the presence of iron-replete macrophages. Our improved understanding of iron homeostasis and its regulation is having an impact on the established schedules of oral iron treatment and the choice of oral versus intravenous iron in the management of iron deficiency. Moreover it is leading to the development of targeted therapies for iron overload and inflammation, mainly centered on the manipulation of the hepcidin-ferroportin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Camaschella
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Antonella Nai
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Silvestri
- Regulation of Iron Metabolism Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan.,Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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41
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Iron homeostasis and oxidative stress: An intimate relationship. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:118535. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.118535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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42
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Mumbauer S, Pascual J, Kolotuev I, Hamaratoglu F. Ferritin heavy chain protects the developing wing from reactive oxygen species and ferroptosis. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1008396. [PMID: 31568497 PMCID: PMC6786644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between signalling pathways and metabolism is crucial for tissue growth. Yet, it remains poorly understood. Here, we studied the consequences of modulating iron metabolism on the growth of Drosophila imaginal discs. We find that reducing the levels of the ferritin heavy chain in the larval wing discs leads to drastic growth defects, whereas light chain depletion causes only minor defects. Mutant cell clones for the heavy chain lack the ability to compete against Minute mutant cells. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulate in wing discs with reduced heavy chain levels, causing severe mitochondrial defects and ferroptosis. Preventing ROS accumulation alleviates some of the growth defects. We propose that the increased expression of ferritin in hippo mutant cells may protect against ROS accumulation. Despite being vital, the role of metals in biology is often overlooked. Specifically, how iron storage contributes to development remains unclear. Here, we dissected the function of the cellular iron storage complex, Ferritin, during development of a model organ, the fly wing. We took a genetic approach to uncover the role of both the heavy and light chains of Ferritin. Targeting the heavy chain consistently produced drastic growth defects in larval discs and adult wings. Moreover, lower levels of the heavy chain led to formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preventing ROS accumulation alleviated the accompanying growth defects. We also observed hallmarks of ferroptosis, an iron dependent non-apoptotic cell death, upon knockdown of the heavy chain. By contrast, reducing the levels of the light chain was tolerable. This is surprising because the individual components of Ferritin were thought to function exclusively as part of the complex. Yet, the heavy chain alone encompasses the ferroxidase center, which is essential for iron loading. All together, we propose that the Ferritin heavy chain functions as an antioxidant and protects the developing organs from ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Mumbauer
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Pascual
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Irina Kolotuev
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fisun Hamaratoglu
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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43
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Geiser DL, Thai TN, Love MB, Winzerling JJ. Iron and Ferritin Deposition in the Ovarian Tissues of the Yellow Fever Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:5586715. [PMID: 31606748 PMCID: PMC6790249 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dengue, yellow fever, and Zika are viruses transmitted by yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti [Linnaeus (Diptera: Culicidae)], to thousands of people each year. Mosquitoes transmit these viruses while consuming a blood meal that is required for oogenesis. Iron, an essential nutrient from the blood meal, is required for egg development. Mosquitoes receive a high iron load in the meal; although iron can be toxic, these animals have developed mechanisms for dealing with this load. Our previous research has shown iron from the blood meal is absorbed in the gut and transported by ferritin, the main iron transport and storage protein, to the ovaries. We now report the distribution of iron and ferritin in ovarian tissues before blood feeding and 24 and 72 h post-blood meal. Ovarian iron is observed in specific locations. Timing post-blood feeding influences the location and distribution of the ferritin heavy-chain homolog, light-chain homolog 1, and light-chain homolog 2 in ovaries. Understanding iron deposition in ovarian tissues is important to the potential use of interference in iron metabolism as a vector control strategy for reducing mosquito fecundity, decreasing mosquito populations, and thereby reducing transmission rates of vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn L Geiser
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Theresa N Thai
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Maria B Love
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
| | - Joy J Winzerling
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ
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44
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Ferreira A, Neves P, Gozzelino R. Multilevel Impacts of Iron in the Brain: The Cross Talk between Neurophysiological Mechanisms, Cognition, and Social Behavior. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030126. [PMID: 31470556 PMCID: PMC6789770 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron is a critical element for most organisms, which plays a fundamental role in the great majority of physiological processes. So much so, that disruption of iron homeostasis has severe multi-organ impacts with the brain being particularly sensitive to such modifications. More specifically, disruption of iron homeostasis in the brain can affect neurophysiological mechanisms, cognition, and social behavior, which eventually contributes to the development of a diverse set of neuro-pathologies. This article starts by exploring the mechanisms of iron action in the brain and follows with a discussion on cognitive and behavioral implications of iron deficiency and overload and how these are framed by the social context. Subsequently, we scrutinize the implications of the disruption of iron homeostasis for the onset and progression of psychosocial disorders. Lastly, we discuss the links between biological, psychological, and social dimensions and outline potential avenues of research. The study of these interactions could ultimately contribute to a broader understanding of how individuals think and act under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferreira
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais (CICS.NOVA), Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade NOVA de Lisboa (NOVA FCSH), 1069-061 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Neves
- School of Business and Economics, NOVA University of Lisbon, 2775-405 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Raffaella Gozzelino
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC)/NOVA Medical School, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 1180-052, 1150-082 Lisbon, Portugal.
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45
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Nash B, Festa L, Lin C, Meucci O. Opioid and chemokine regulation of cortical synaptodendritic damage in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Brain Res 2019; 1723:146409. [PMID: 31465771 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite effective antiretroviral therapies (ART). Evidence suggests that modern HAND is driven by subtle synaptodendritic damage in select brain regions, as ART-treated patients do not display overt neuronal death in postmortem brain studies. HAND symptoms are also aggravated by drug abuse, particularly with injection opioids. Opioid use produces region-specific synaptodendritic damage in similar brain regions, suggesting a convergent mechanism that may enhance HAND progression in opioid-using patients. Importantly, studies indicate that synaptodendritic damage and cognitive impairment in HAND may be reversible. Activation of the homeostatic chemokine receptor CXCR4 by its natural ligand CXCL12 positively regulates neuronal survival and dendritic spine density in cortical neurons, reducing functional deficits. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie CXCR4, as well as opioid-mediated regulation of dendritic spines are not completely defined. Here, we will consolidate studies that describe the region-specific synaptodendritic damage in the cerebral cortex of patients and animal models of HAND, describe the pathways by which opioids may contribute to cortical synaptodendritic damage, and discuss the prospects of using the CXCR4 signaling pathway to identify new approaches to reverse dendritic spine deficits. Additionally, we will discuss novel research questions that have emerged from recent studies of CXCR4 and µ-opioid actions in the cortex. Understanding the pathways that underlie synaptodendritic damage and rescue are necessary for developing novel, effective therapeutics for this growing patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Nash
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Lindsay Festa
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Chihyang Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Olimpia Meucci
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 245 North 15th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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46
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Cruz-Rivera YE, Perez-Morales J, Santiago YM, Gonzalez VM, Morales L, Cabrera-Rios M, Isaza CE. A Selection of Important Genes and Their Correlated Behavior in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 65:193-205. [PMID: 30040709 PMCID: PMC6087431 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In 2017, approximately 5 million Americans were living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and it is estimated that by 2050 this number could increase to 16 million. In this study, we apply mathematical optimization to approach microarray analysis to detect differentially expressed genes and determine the most correlated structure among their expression changes. The analysis of GSE4757 microarray dataset, which compares expression between AD neurons without neurofibrillary tangles (controls) and with neurofibrillary tangles (cases), was casted as a multiple criteria optimization (MCO) problem. Through the analysis it was possible to determine a series of Pareto efficient frontiers to find the most differentially expressed genes, which are here proposed as potential AD biomarkers. The Traveling Sales Problem (TSP) model was used to find the cyclical path of maximal correlation between the expression changes among the genes deemed important from the previous stage. This leads to a structure capable of guiding biological exploration with enhanced precision and repeatability. Ten genes were selected (FTL, GFAP, HNRNPA3, COX1, ND2, ND3, ND4, NUCKS1, RPL41, and RPS10) and their most correlated cyclic structure was found in our analyses. The biological functions of their products were found to be linked to inflammation and neurodegenerative diseases and some of them had not been reported for AD before. The TSP path connects genes coding for mitochondrial electron transfer proteins. Some of these proteins are closely related to other electron transport proteins already reported as important for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeli E Cruz-Rivera
- The Applied Optimization Group/Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Jaileene Perez-Morales
- Department of Basic Science-Biochemistry Division, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Yaritza M Santiago
- The Applied Optimization Group/Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Valerie M Gonzalez
- The Applied Optimization Group/Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Luisa Morales
- Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
| | - Mauricio Cabrera-Rios
- The Applied Optimization Group/Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
| | - Clara E Isaza
- The Applied Optimization Group/Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez Campus, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico.,Public Health Program, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, Puerto Rico
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47
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Recalcati S, Correnti M, Gammella E, Raggi C, Invernizzi P, Cairo G. Iron Metabolism in Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:149. [PMID: 30941302 PMCID: PMC6433741 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) which have been identified in several tumors, including liver cancer, represent a particular subpopulation of tumor cells characterized by properties similar to those of adult stem cells. Importantly, CSC are resistant to standard therapies, thereby leading to metastatic dissemination and tumor relapse. Given the increasing evidence that iron homeostasis is deregulated in cancer, here we describe the iron homeostasis alterations in cancer cells, particularly in liver CSC. We also discuss two paradoxically opposite iron manipulation-strategies for tumor therapy based either on iron chelation or iron overload-mediated oxidant production leading to ferroptosis. A better understanding of iron metabolism modifications occurring in hepatic tumors and particularly in liver CSC cells may offer new therapeutic options for this cancer, which is characterized by increasing incidence and unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Recalcati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elena Gammella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Raggi
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, IRCCS, Rozzano, Italy.,Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Pietro Invernizzi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Center for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, San Gerardo Hospital, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Gaetano Cairo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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48
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Liu XL, Ye S, Li HW, Lu B, Yu YQ, Fan YP, Yang WJ, Yang JS. An H-ferritin from the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and its potential role in iron metabolism. Biometals 2019; 32:251-264. [PMID: 30756217 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00174-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Rimicaris exoculata (Decapoda: Bresiliidae) is one of the dominant species among hydrothermal vent communities along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This shrimp can tolerate high concentrations of heavy metals such as iron, but the mechanisms used for detoxification and utilization of excess metals remain largely unknown. Ferritin is a major iron storage protein in most living organisms. The central heavy subunit of ferritin (H-ferritin) possesses ferroxidase activity and converts iron from Fe2+ to Fe3+, the non-toxic form used for storage. In the present study, the H-ferritin RexFrtH was identified in the hydrothermal vent shrimp R. exoculata, and found to be highly expressed in the gill, the main organ involved in bioaccumulation of metals, at both RNA and protein levels. Accumulation of RexFrtH decreased from efferent to afferent vessels, coinciding with the direction of water flow through the gills. Fe3+ was localized with RexFrtH, and in vitro iron-binding and ferroxidase assays using recombinant RexFrtH confirmed the high affinity for iron. Based on these results, we propose a model of iron metabolism in R. exoculata gills; ferrous iron from ambient hydrothermal water accumulates and is converted and stored in ferric form by RexFrtH as an iron reservoir when needed for metabolism, or excreted as an intermediate to prevent iron overload. The findings expand our understanding of the adaptation strategies used by shrimps inhabiting extreme hydrothermal vents to cope with extremely high heavy metal concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua-Wei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Lu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, State Oceanic Administration, Second Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Hangzhou, 310012, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Qin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Peng Fan
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jun Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin-Shu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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49
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Loréal O, Cavey T, Robin F, Kenawi M, Guggenbuhl P, Brissot P. Iron as a Therapeutic Target in HFE-Related Hemochromatosis: Usual and Novel Aspects. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2018; 11:ph11040131. [PMID: 30486249 PMCID: PMC6315470 DOI: 10.3390/ph11040131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic hemochromatosis is an iron overload disease that is mainly related to the C282Y mutation in the HFE gene. This gene controls the expression of hepcidin, a peptide secreted in plasma by the liver and regulates systemic iron distribution. Homozygous C282Y mutation induces hepcidin deficiency, leading to increased circulating transferrin saturation, and ultimately, iron accumulation in organs such as the liver, pancreas, heart, and bone. Iron in excess may induce or favor the development of complications such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, diabetes, heart failure, hypogonadism, but also complaints such as asthenia and disabling arthritis. Iron depletive treatment mainly consists of venesections that permit the removal of iron contained in red blood cells and the subsequent mobilization of stored iron in order to synthesize hemoglobin for new erythrocytes. It is highly efficient in removing excess iron and preventing most of the complications associated with excess iron in the body. However, this treatment does not target the biological mechanisms involved in the iron metabolism disturbance. New treatments based on the increase of hepcidin levels, by using hepcidin mimetics or inducers, or inhibitors of the iron export activity of ferroportin protein that is the target of hepcidin, if devoid of significant secondary effects, should be useful to better control iron parameters and symptoms, such as arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Loréal
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Thibault Cavey
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - François Robin
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Moussa Kenawi
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Pascal Guggenbuhl
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
| | - Pierre Brissot
- INSERM, Univ Rennes, INRA, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), F-35033 Rennes, France.
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Abstract
Anemia of inflammation (AI), also known as anemia of chronic disease (ACD), is regarded as the most frequent anemia in hospitalized and chronically ill patients. It is prevalent in patients with diseases that cause prolonged immune activation, including infection, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. More recently, the list has grown to include chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, chronic pulmonary diseases, and obesity. Inflammation-inducible cytokines and the master regulator of iron homeostasis, hepcidin, block intestinal iron absorption and cause iron retention in reticuloendothelial cells, resulting in iron-restricted erythropoiesis. In addition, shortened erythrocyte half-life, suppressed erythropoietin response to anemia, and inhibition of erythroid cell differentiation by inflammatory mediators further contribute to AI in a disease-specific pattern. Although the diagnosis of AI is a diagnosis of exclusion and is supported by characteristic alterations in iron homeostasis, hypoferremia, and hyperferritinemia, the diagnosis of AI patients with coexisting iron deficiency is more difficult. In addition to treatment of the disease underlying AI, the combination of iron therapy and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents can improve anemia in many patients. In the future, emerging therapeutics that antagonize hepcidin function and redistribute endogenous iron for erythropoiesis may offer additional options. However, based on experience with anemia treatment in chronic kidney disease, critical illness, and cancer, finding the appropriate indications for the specific treatment of AI will require improved understanding and a balanced consideration of the contribution of anemia to each patient's morbidity and the impact of anemia treatment on the patient's prognosis in a variety of disease settings.
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