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Baylie T, Ayelgn T, Tiruneh M, Tesfa KH. Effect of Ketogenic Diet on Obesity and Other Metabolic Disorders: Narrative Review. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2024; 17:1391-1401. [PMID: 38529169 PMCID: PMC10962461 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s447659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that increases the burden of different chronic diseases in the population. It has reached epidemic proportions and is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis, and some malignancies. Weight gain is a result of excessive energy intake compared to energy expenditure (energy loss from metabolism and physical exercise). A ketogenic diet has a more useful effect on obesity than other diets. A ketogenic diet is a low-carbohydrate, high-fat, moderate-protein diet that induces the production of ketone bodies by mimicking the breakdown of a fasting state. The mechanism behind the ketogenic diet is still unknown, although it obviously helps people with obesity lose weight. Several pathways for the ketogenic diet effect on weight loss have been hypothesized by researchers, including reduced appetite due to effects on appetite control hormones and a possible direct appetite suppressant action of ketone bodies; reduced lipogenesis and increased lipolysis; greater metabolic efficiency; and increased metabolic costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Baylie
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tiget Ayelgn
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Markeshaw Tiruneh
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Kibur Hunie Tesfa
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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2
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Zhu H, Bi D, Zhang Y, Kong C, Du J, Wu X, Wei Q, Qin H. Ketogenic diet for human diseases: the underlying mechanisms and potential for clinical implementations. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:11. [PMID: 35034957 PMCID: PMC8761750 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-021-00831-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is a high-fat, adequate-protein, and very-low-carbohydrate diet regimen that mimics the metabolism of the fasting state to induce the production of ketone bodies. The KD has long been established as a remarkably successful dietary approach for the treatment of intractable epilepsy and has increasingly garnered research attention rapidly in the past decade, subject to emerging evidence of the promising therapeutic potential of the KD for various diseases, besides epilepsy, from obesity to malignancies. In this review, we summarize the experimental and/or clinical evidence of the efficacy and safety of the KD in different diseases, and discuss the possible mechanisms of action based on recent advances in understanding the influence of the KD at the cellular and molecular levels. We emphasize that the KD may function through multiple mechanisms, which remain to be further elucidated. The challenges and future directions for the clinical implementation of the KD in the treatment of a spectrum of diseases have been discussed. We suggest that, with encouraging evidence of therapeutic effects and increasing insights into the mechanisms of action, randomized controlled trials should be conducted to elucidate a foundation for the clinical use of the KD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexi Bi
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Youhua Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Kong
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahao Du
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiawei Wu
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Clinical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Huanlong Qin
- Research Institute of Intestinal Diseases, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Tawar N, Banerjee BD, Madhu SV, Agrawal V, Gupta S. Association of Organochlorine Pesticides With Genetic Markers of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study Among the North-Indian Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:841463. [PMID: 35370992 PMCID: PMC8966505 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.841463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been long linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); however, this relation at the molecular level has not been explored yet. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pro-inflammatory pathways are considered vital ones in the pathogenesis of T2DM. We aimed to investigate the existence of any association between OCPs, ER stress, and pro-inflammatory pathways in subjects with known T2DM. METHODS Seventy subjects each with T2DM and normal glucose tolerance were recruited from the surgery department. Their visceral adipose tissue was collected intraoperatively. OCP concentration, ER stress, and pro-inflammatory markers were analyzed and compared between two study groups. RESULTS We found 18 OCPs and their metabolites in visceral adipose tissue samples of study participants. The levels of δ-HCH, heptachlor, endrin, and p,p'DDT were significantly higher in the T2DM group and were also positively correlated with fasting and postprandial plasma glucose levels (p < 0.01). We observed a positive association of δ-HCH (p < 0.01), heptachlor (p < 0.05), and endrin (p < 0.05) with central adiposity and ER stress markers. However, we failed to establish the correlation of OCPs with any of the pro-inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION The existence and simultaneous complex correlation of OCPs with ER stress may explain their role in the pathogenesis of T2DM, revealing the persistence of the gene-environment interaction in the etiology of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Tawar
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Neha Tawar, ; Basu Dev Banerjee,
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
- *Correspondence: Neha Tawar, ; Basu Dev Banerjee,
| | - Sri Venkata Madhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Vivek Agrawal
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Surgery, UCMS and Guru Teg Bahadur (GTB) Hospital (University of Delhi), Delhi, India
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Ghosh S, Mahalanobish S, Sil PC. Diabetes: discovery of insulin, genetic, epigenetic and viral infection mediated regulation. THE NUCLEUS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CYTOLOGY AND ALLIED TOPICS 2021; 65:283-297. [PMID: 34629548 PMCID: PMC8491600 DOI: 10.1007/s13237-021-00376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, commonly referred to as diabetes, is a combination of many metabolic diseases. Insulin deficiency in our body is the main cause of diabetes. Insulin is one of the most well studied proteins, yet the genesis of its discovery was not getting much attention so far. Nevertheless, the history of the discovery of insulin is an exemplary of solving observational and scientific riddles, drudgery, patience and even professional turmoil. It is an inspiration for all medical personnel and scientists who are practising in the field of molecular medicine. Additionally, the genetic and epigenetic regulation of different types of diabetes needs to be addressed because of the widespread nature of the disease. Diabetes not only involves genetic predisposition but environmental factors, lifestyle etc. can be the major contributor for its inception. Nonetheless, viral infections at an early age are also found to trigger the onset of type I diabetes. In this review article, the history of the discovery of insulin is detailed along with the justification for the genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms of diabetes and explained how viral infections can also trigger the onset of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054 India
| | - Sushweta Mahalanobish
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054 India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata, West Bengal 700054 India
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5
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Epigenetic modification and therapeutic targets of diabetes mellitus. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:226148. [PMID: 32815547 PMCID: PMC7494983 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20202160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes and its related complications are increasing significantly globally. Collected evidence suggested that several genetic and environmental factors contribute to diabetes mellitus. Associated complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy and other cardiovascular complications are a direct result of diabetes. Epigenetic factors include deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation and histone post-translational modifications. These factors are directly related with pathological factors such as oxidative stress, generation of inflammatory mediators and hyperglycemia. These result in altered gene expression and targets cells in the pathology of diabetes mellitus without specific changes in a DNA sequence. Environmental factors and malnutrition are equally responsible for epigenetic states. Accumulated evidence suggested that environmental stimuli alter the gene expression that result in epigenetic changes in chromatin. Recent studies proposed that epigenetics may include the occurrence of ‘metabolic memory’ found in animal studies. Further study into epigenetic mechanism might give us new vision into the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and related complication thus leading to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss the possible epigenetic changes and mechanism that happen in diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2 separately. We highlight the important epigenetic and non-epigenetic therapeutic targets involved in the management of diabetes and associated complications.
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Liang X, Tao C, Pan J, Zhang L, Liu L, Zhao Y, Fan Y, Cao C, Liu J, Zhang J, Lam SM, Shui G, Jin W, Li W, Zhao J, Li K, Wang Y. Rnf20 deficiency in adipocyte impairs adipose tissue development and thermogenesis. Protein Cell 2020; 12:475-492. [PMID: 32797353 PMCID: PMC8160045 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00770-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
RNF20, an E3 ligase critical for monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub), has been implicated in the regulation of various cellar processes; however, its physiological roles in adipocytes remain poorly characterized. Here, we report that the adipocyte-specific knockout of Rnf20 (ASKO) in mice led to progressive fat loss, organomegaly and hyperinsulinemia. Despite signs of hyperinsulinemia, normal insulin sensitivity and improved glucose tolerance were observed in the young and aged CD-fed ASKO mice. In addition, high-fat diet-fed ASKO mice developed severe liver steatosis. Moreover, we observed that the ASKO mice were extremely sensitive to a cold environment due to decreased expression levels of brown adipose tissue (BAT) selective genes, including uncoupling protein 1 (Ucp1), and impaired mitochondrial functions. Significantly decreased levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (Pparγ) were observed in the gonadal white adipose tissues (gWAT) from the ASKO mice, suggesting that Rnf20 regulates adipogenesis, at least in part, through Pparγ. Rosiglitazone-treated ASKO mice exhibited increased fat mass compared to that of the non-treated ASKO mice. Collectively, our results illustrate the critical role of RNF20 in control of white and brown adipose tissue development and physiological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Department of Animal Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yiping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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7
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Kowluru RA. Retinopathy in a Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model and Role of Epigenetic Modifications. Diabetes 2020; 69:689-698. [PMID: 31949005 PMCID: PMC7085254 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90% of the population with diabetes, and these patients are generally obese and hyperlipidemic. In addition to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia is also closely related with diabetic retinopathy. The aim was to investigate retinopathy in a model closely mimicking the normal progression and metabolic features of the population with type 2 diabetes and elucidate the molecular mechanism. Retinopathy was evaluated in rats fed a 45% kcal as fat diet for 8 weeks before administering streptozotocin, 30 mg/kg body weight (T2D), and compared with age- and duration-matched type 1 diabetic rats (T1D) (60 mg/kg streptozotocin). The role of epigenetic modifications in mitochondrial damage was evaluated in retinal microvasculature. T2D rats were obese and severely hyperlipidemic, with impaired glucose and insulin tolerance compared with age-matched T1D rats. While at 4 months of diabetes, T1D rats had no detectable retinopathy, T2D rats had significant retinopathy, their mitochondrial copy numbers were lower, and mtDNA and Rac1 promoter DNA methylation was exacerbated. At 6 months, retinopathy was comparable in T2D and T1D rats, suggesting that obesity exaggerates hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic modifications, accelerating mitochondrial damage and diabetic retinopathy. Thus, maintenance of good lifestyle and BMI could be beneficial in regulating epigenetic modifications and preventing/retarding retinopathy in patients with diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- DNA Methylation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/etiology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Male
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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Zhang C, Liu J, He X, Sheng Y, Yang C, Li H, Xu J, Xu W, Huang K. Caulis Spatholobi Ameliorates Obesity through Activating Brown Adipose Tissue and Modulating the Composition of Gut Microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205150. [PMID: 31627416 PMCID: PMC6829277 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with disrupted energy homeostasis and intestinal dysbiosis. Caulis Spatholobi, traditional Chinese medicine for herbal therapy, contains a wide range of bioactive compounds and has a specific pharmacological function. However, its effects on obesity and related metabolic disorder have remained largely unexplored. In this study, we showed that the water extract of Caulis Spatholobi (WECS) has a significant effect in inhibiting body weight gain, decreasing adiposity, maintaining glucose homeostasis, reducing insulin resistance and improving hepatic steatosis in diet-introduced obesity (DIO) mice. Besides, the administration of WECS significantly increased the expression levels of genes involved in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and thermogenesis in DIO mice. Also, the activation of BAT treated with WECS was also confirmed in BAT primary cells. Mechanisms, the improvement of glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance may be related to the upregulated MAPK and AMPK pathways in white adipose tissue (WAT) and BAT. Notably, WECS also improved the obesity-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, which induced an increase of anti-obesity and anti-diabetes related bacteria genus. In conclusion, Caulis Spatholobi can ameliorate obesity through activating brown adipose tissue and modulating the composition of gut microbiota. Our findings provide a novel perspective on Chinese medicine applications and provide a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhai Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Junyu Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Xiaoyun He
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Yao Sheng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cui Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haoyu Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jia Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Wentao Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Kunlun Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Safety Assessment of Genetically Modifed Organism (Food Safety), Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
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9
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Gok O, Karaali Z, Ergen A, Ekmekci SS, Abaci N. Serum sirtuin 1 protein as a potential biomarker for type 2 diabetes: Increased expression of sirtuin 1 and the correlation with microRNAs. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:56. [PMID: 31333735 PMCID: PMC6611179 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_921_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), serving as a deacetylase, is critical in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, a number of studies have been conducted to investigate the role of SIRT1 in the pathogenesis of T2DM. However, there are no sufficient data about the relationship between SIRT1 and T2DM. The aim of this study was to analyze the expressions of microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-34a, miR-9, miR-132, and miR-181a) involved in SIRT1 regulation and SIRT1 protein in the serum of T2DM patients and controls. Materials and Methods: miRNA expressions were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the SIRT1 protein levels in 25 T2DM patients and 25 controls. Results: Fasting blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in patients when compared with controls (P < 0.001). There was no difference for miRNA expressions between the groups (P > 0.05). SIRT1 protein level was significantly increased in patients as compared to controls (P = 0.044). Moreover, SIRT1 was negatively correlated with miR-181a (r = −0.558, P = 0.005) and miR-132 (r = −0.435, P = 0.034) in patients. Conclusion: Obtained results indicate that serum SIRT1 may be a potentially new biomarker for T2DM and also miR-181a and miR-132 may be involved in the development of T2DM by targeting SIRT1. This is the first study reporting on the effects of SIRT1 and related miRNAs in Turkish T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozlem Gok
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karaali
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haseki Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Ergen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Sirma Ekmekci
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Abaci
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine (Aziz Sancar DETAE), Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Yin N, Zhang H, Ye R, Dong M, Lin J, Zhou H, Huang Y, Chen L, Jiang X, Nagaoka K, Zhang C, Jin W. Fluvastatin Sodium Ameliorates Obesity through Brown Fat Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071622. [PMID: 30939798 PMCID: PMC6479292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT), an organ that burns energy through uncoupling thermogenesis, is a promising therapeutic target for obesity. However, there are still no safe anti-obesity drugs that target BAT in the market. In the current study, we performed large scale screening of 636 compounds which were approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to find drugs that could significantly increase uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) mRNA expression by real-time PCR. Among those UCP1 activators, most of them were antibiotics or carcinogenic compounds. We paid particular attention to fluvastatin sodium (FS), because as an inhibitor of the cellular hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, FS has already been approved for treatment of hypercholesteremia. We found that in the cellular levels, FS treatment significantly increased UCP1 expression and BAT activity in human brown adipocytes. Consistently, the expression of oxidative phosphorylation-related genes was significantly increased upon FS treatment without differences in adipogenic gene expression. Furthermore, FS treatment resisted to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced body weight gain by activating BAT in the mice model. In addition, administration of FS significantly increased energy expenditure, improved glucose homeostasis and ameliorated hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, we reveal that FS induced browning in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) known to have a beneficial effect on energy metabolism. Taken together, our results clearly demonstrate that as an effective BAT activator, FS may have great potential for treatment of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Xiaoxiao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Kentaro Nagaoka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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11
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Du Z, Hua J, Song D. A Peptidomic Analysis of the Potential Comorbidity Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.116065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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12
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Shakeri H, Lemmens K, Gevaert AB, De Meyer GRY, Segers VFM. Cellular senescence links aging and diabetes in cardiovascular disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 315:H448-H462. [PMID: 29750567 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aging is a powerful independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and heart failure. Concomitant diabetes mellitus strongly reinforces this effect of aging on cardiovascular disease. Cellular senescence is a fundamental mechanism of aging and appears to play a crucial role in the onset and prognosis of cardiovascular disease in the context of both aging and diabetes. Senescent cells are in a state of cell cycle arrest but remain metabolically active by secreting inflammatory factors. This senescence-associated secretory phenotype is a trigger of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. A complex interplay between these three mechanisms results in age- and diabetes-associated cardiovascular damage. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on cellular senescence and its secretory phenotype, which might be the missing link between aging and diabetes contributing to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadis Shakeri
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Katrien Lemmens
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Andreas B Gevaert
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guido R Y De Meyer
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Vincent F M Segers
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology, University of Antwerp , Antwerp , Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
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13
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You Y, Yuan X, Liu X, Liang C, Meng M, Huang Y, Han X, Guo J, Guo Y, Ren C, Zhang Q, Sun X, Ma T, Liu G, Jin W, Huang W, Zhan J. Cyanidin-3-glucoside increases whole body energy metabolism by upregulating brown adipose tissue mitochondrial function. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 61. [PMID: 28691397 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity develops when energy intake exceeds energy expenditure. Promoting brown adipose tissue (BAT) formation and function increases energy expenditure and may protect against obesity. Cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) is an anthocyanin compound that occurs naturally in many fruits and vegetables. In this study, we investigated the effect and mechanism of C3G on the prevention of obesity. METHODS AND RESULTS Db/db mice received C3G dissolved in drinking water for 16 wk; drinking water served as the vehicle treatment. The total body weight, energy intake, metabolic rate, and physical activity were measured. The lipid droplets, gene expression and protein expression were evaluated by histochemical staining, real-time PCR, and western blots. We found that C3G increased energy expenditure, limited weight gain, maintained glucose homeostasis, reversed hepatic steatosis, improved cold tolerance, and enhanced BAT activity in obese db/db mice. C3G also induces brown-like adipocytes (beige) formation in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) of db/db mice model. We also found that C3G potently regulates the transcription of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) both in BAT and sWAT through increasing mitochondrial number and function. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that C3G plays a role in regulating systemic energy balance, which may have potential therapeutic implications for the prevention and control of obesity.
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MESH Headings
- Adipogenesis
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/enzymology
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/ultrastructure
- Adipose Tissue, White/enzymology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/pathology
- Animals
- Anthocyanins/therapeutic use
- Behavior, Animal
- Dietary Supplements
- Energy Intake
- Energy Metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glucosides/therapeutic use
- Liver/enzymology
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Locomotion
- Male
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Mitochondria/enzymology
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/ultrastructure
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/prevention & control
- Obesity/metabolism
- Obesity/pathology
- Obesity/prevention & control
- Thermotolerance
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
- Whole Body Imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Yuan
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Neuroscience and Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, China
| | - Chen Liang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- ARC Training Centre for Innovative Wine Production, The University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Minghui Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Han
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jielong Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Guo
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenglong Ren
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qianwen Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guojie Liu
- College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Effects of high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training on glycaemic control and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function in db/db mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:204. [PMID: 28303003 PMCID: PMC5427962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00276-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is known as an effective strategy for prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes. The aim of this work was to compare the effects of a traditional Moderate Intensity Continuous Training (MICT) with a High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on glucose metabolism and mitochondrial function in diabetic mice. Diabetic db/db male mice (N = 25) aged 6 weeks were subdivided into MICT, HIIT or control (CON) group. Animals in the training groups ran on a treadmill 5 days/week during 10 weeks. MICT group ran for 80 min (0° slope) at 50-60% of maximal speed (Vmax) reached during an incremental test. HIIT group ran thirteen times 4 minutes (20° slope) at 85-90% of Vmax separated by 2-min-rest periods. HIIT lowered fasting glycaemia and HbA1c compared with CON group (p < 0.05). In all mitochondrial function markers assessed, no differences were noted between the three groups except for total amount of electron transport chain proteins, slightly increased in the HIIT group vs CON. Western blot analysis revealed a significant increase of muscle Glut4 content (about 2 fold) and higher insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation ratios in HIIT group. HIIT seems to improve glucose metabolism more efficiently than MICT in diabetic mice by mechanisms independent of mitochondrial adaptations.
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15
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A Systematic Study of Dysregulated MicroRNA in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030456. [PMID: 28264477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that modulate the cellular transcriptome at the post-transcriptional level. miRNA plays important roles in different disease manifestation, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Many studies have characterized the changes of miRNAs in T2DM, a complex systematic disease; however, few studies have integrated these findings and explored the functional effects of the dysregulated miRNAs identified. To investigate the involvement of miRNAs in T2DM, we obtained and analyzed all relevant studies published prior to 18 October 2016 from various literature databases. From 59 independent studies that met the inclusion criteria, we identified 158 dysregulated miRNAs in seven different major sample types. To understand the functional impact of these deregulated miRNAs, we performed targets prediction and pathway enrichment analysis. Results from our analysis suggested that the altered miRNAs are involved in the core processes associated with T2DM, such as carbohydrate and lipid metabolisms, insulin signaling pathway and the adipocytokine signaling pathway. This systematic survey of dysregulated miRNAs provides molecular insights on the effect of deregulated miRNAs in different tissues during the development of diabetes. Some of these miRNAs and their mRNA targets may have diagnostic and/or therapeutic utilities in T2DM.
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16
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DJ-1 maintains energy and glucose homeostasis by regulating the function of brown adipose tissue. Cell Discov 2017; 3:16054. [PMID: 28224045 PMCID: PMC5309696 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2016.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
DJ-1 protein is involved in multiple physiological processes, including Parkinson’s disease. However, the role of DJ-1 in the metabolism is largely unknown. Here we found that DJ-1 maintained energy balance and glucose homeostasisvia regulating brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity. DJ-1-deficient mice reduced body mass, increased energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity. DJ-1 deletion also resisted high-fat-diet (HFD) induced obesity and insulin resistance. Accordingly, DJ-1 transgene triggered autonomous obesity and glucose intolerance. Further BAT transplantation experiments clarified DJ-1 regulates energy and glucose homeostasis by modulating BAT function. Mechanistically, we found that DJ-1 promoted PTEN proteasomal degradation via an E3 ligase, mind bomb-2 (Mib2), which led to Akt activation and inhibited FoxO1-dependent Ucp1 (Uncoupling protein-1) expression in BAT. Consistently, ablation of Akt1 mitigated the obesity and BAT dysfunction induced by DJ-1 transgene. These findings define a new biological role of DJ-1 protein in regulating BAT function, with an implication of the therapeutic target in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
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17
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Wu NN, Zhang CH, Lee HJ, Ma Y, Wang X, Ma XJ, Ma W, Zhao D, Feng YM. Brown adipogenic potential of brown adipocytes and peri-renal adipocytes from human embryo. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39193. [PMID: 27982067 PMCID: PMC5159842 DOI: 10.1038/srep39193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Both brown adipocytes (BAC) and beige cells hold therapeutic potential for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Unfortunately, the amount and activity of these cells are limited in adults. Although BAC marker expression has been shown in peri-renal adipose tissues in children and adults, functional assessment is lacking. Furthermore, it is entirely unknown whether adipose progenitors are present in human embryo and able to give rise to BAC in situ during evolution. Therefore, adipose tissues in the interscapular and peri-renal regions were dissected from human embryo and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (sWAT) were obtained from an adult. After subjected to differentiation in vitro, adipocyte progenitors were detected present in all these adipose tissues. When stimulated for adipogenesis, differentiated adipocytes in the intercapular and peri-renal regions showed similar features: (1) induced BAC and beige cell marker expression including UCP1 and PRDM16 and comparable mitochondrion copy number; (2) similar gene expression patterns by RNA-Seq analysis; and (3) similar maximal oxygen consumption rates examined by respirometry. Nevertheless, stimulation of adipocyte progenitors in sWAT induces neither BAC and beige cell marker expression nor any change of oxygen consumption. In conclusion, peri-renal adipocyte progenitors in human embryo hold browning potential for BAC production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Nan Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Chuan-Hai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hyuek-Jong Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Dong Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Ying-Mei Feng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Prevention and Research, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Lu He hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
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18
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Figueira I, Fernandes A, Mladenovic Djordjevic A, Lopez-Contreras A, Henriques CM, Selman C, Ferreiro E, Gonos ES, Trejo JL, Misra J, Rasmussen LJ, Xapelli S, Ellam T, Bellantuono I. Interventions for age-related diseases: Shifting the paradigm. Mech Ageing Dev 2016; 160:69-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2016.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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19
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Ruscica M, Baldessin L, Boccia D, Racagni G, Mitro N. Non-insulin anti-diabetic drugs: An update on pharmacological interactions. Pharmacol Res 2016; 115:14-24. [PMID: 27838511 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the goal in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains personalized control of glucose. Since less than 50% of patients with T2DM achieve glycemic treatment goal and most of them take medications for comorbidities associated to T2DM, drug interactions, namely pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions, may enhance or reduce the effect of compounds involved in hyperglycemia. Hence, clinicians should be aware of the severe complications in T2DM patients in case of a concomitant use of these medications. It is within this context that this review aims to evaluate the effect of a second drug on the pharmacokinetic of these compounds which may lead, along with several pharmacodynamic interactions, to severe clinical complications, i.e., hypoglycemia. Available drugs already approved in Europe, USA and Japan have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | | | | | - G Racagni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - N Mitro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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20
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Yuan X, Wei G, You Y, Huang Y, Lee HJ, Dong M, Lin J, Hu T, Zhang H, Zhang C, Zhou H, Ye R, Qi X, Zhai B, Huang W, Liu S, Xie W, Liu Q, Liu X, Cui C, Li D, Zhan J, Cheng J, Yuan Z, Jin W. Rutin ameliorates obesity through brown fat activation. FASEB J 2016; 31:333-345. [PMID: 28049156 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600459rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure through activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a critical approach to treating obesity and diabetes. In this study, rutin, a natural compound extracted from mulberry and a drug used as a capillary stabilizer clinically for many years without any side effects, regulated whole-body energy metabolism by enhancing BAT activity. Rutin treatment significantly reduced adiposity, increased energy expenditure, and improved glucose homeostasis in both genetically obese (Db/Db) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. Rutin also induced brown-like adipocyte (beige) formation in subcutaneous adipose tissue in both obesity mouse models. Mechanistically, we found that rutin directly bound to and stabilized SIRT1, leading to hypoacetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein, which stimulated Tfam transactivation and eventually augmented the number of mitochondria and UCP1 activity in BAT. These findings reveal that rutin is a novel small molecule that activates BAT and may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of metabolic disorders.-Yuan, X., Wei, G., You, Y., Huang, Y., Lee, H. J., Dong, M., Lin, J., Hu, T., Zhang, H., Zhang, C., Zhou, H., Ye, R., Qi, X., Zhai, B., Huang, W., Liu, S., Xie, W., Liu, Q., Liu, X., Cui, C., Li, D., Zhan, J., Cheng, J., Yuan, Z., Jin, W. Rutin ameliorates obesity through brown fat activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yilin You
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hyuek Jong Lee
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanhai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqiao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Rongcai Ye
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Qi
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baiqiang Zhai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Huang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shunai Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhoukou Normal University, Henan, China; and
| | - Chengbi Cui
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules, Ministry of Education, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Jicheng Zhan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Cheng
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- The University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; .,State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;
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21
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Kowluru RA, Mishra M, Kowluru A, Kumar B. Hyperlipidemia and the development of diabetic retinopathy: Comparison between type 1 and type 2 animal models. Metabolism 2016; 65:1570-81. [PMID: 27621192 PMCID: PMC5023070 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM In the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in the retina and the mitochondria are damaged, resulting in accelerated apoptosis. Dyslipidemia is also considered as one of the major factors in its development, and our aim is to investigate the compounding effect of hyperlipidemia in retinopathy. METHODS Retinal ROS, mitochondrial damage and vascular pathology were investigated in Zucker diabetic fatty rats (ZDF, type 2 diabetes model), during the age that spans from hyperlipidemia/pre-hyperglycemia (6weeks), to severe hyperglycemia/moderate hyperlipidemia (~12weeks), and ultimately to severe hyperglycemia/hyperlipidemia (20-40weeks). For comparison, retina from streptozotocin-induced Wistar rats (type 1 diabetic for 10-40weeks) was analyzed. RESULTS Compared to age-matched lean rats, despite increased retinal cytosolic ROS in 6-week-old ZDF rats, mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage were not detected, and in 12-week-old ZDF rats, retinal mitochondria were dysfunctional, but mtDNA damage and vascular pathology (cell apoptosis and degenerative capillaries) were not detectable. Retina from 20-week-old ZDF rats (hyperglycemic for 14weeks or less) had significant mitochondrial dysfunction, mtDNA damage and vascular pathology, and similar abnormalities were observed in 40-week-old ZDF rats. Although retinal mitochondrial dysfunction was observed in Wistar rats diabetic for 20weeks, mtDNA damage and vascular pathology were not detectable till the duration of diabetes was further extended. CONCLUSIONS Hyperlipidemia, in a hyperglycemic milieu, potentiates mitochondrial damage and augments the development of retinopathy. Control of dyslipidemia in pre-diabetic patients may prevent/delay the development and the progression of this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu A Kowluru
- Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States.
| | - Manish Mishra
- Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anjaneyulu Kowluru
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Binit Kumar
- Ophthalmology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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22
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Jia XT, Ye-Tian, Yuan-Li, Zhang GJ, Liu ZQ, Di ZL, Ying XP, Fang Y, Song EF, Qi JS, Pan YF. Exendin-4, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, protects against amyloid-β peptide-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory in rats. Physiol Behav 2016; 159:72-9. [PMID: 26992957 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) share specific molecular mechanisms, and agents with proven efficacy in one may be useful against the other. The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist exendin-4 has similar properties to GLP-1 and is currently in clinical use for T2DM treatment. Thus, this study was designed to characterize the effects of exendin-4 on the impairment of learning and memory induced by amyloid protein (Aβ) and its probable molecular underlying mechanisms. The results showed that (1) intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1-42 resulted in a significant decline of spatial learning and memory of rats in water maze tests; (2) pretreatment with exendin-4 effectively and dose-dependently protected against the Aβ1-42-induced impairment of spatial learning and memory; (3) exendin-4 treatment significantly decreased the expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 and increased the expression of Bcl2 in Aβ1-42-induced Alzheimer's rats. The vision and swimming speed of the rats among all groups in the visible platform tests did not show any difference. These findings indicate that systemic pretreatment with exendin-4 can effectively prevent the behavioral impairment induced by neurotoxic Aβ1-42, and the underlying protective mechanism of exendin-4 may be involved in the Bcl2, Bax and caspase-3 pathways. Thus, the application of exendin-4 or the activation of its signaling pathways may be a promising strategy to ameliorate the degenerative processes observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Tao Jia
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China
| | - Ye-Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China
| | - Yuan-Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China
| | - Ge-Juan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China
| | - Zhi-Qin Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China
| | - Zheng-Li Di
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Xi'an Central Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University College of Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710003, PR China
| | - Xiao-Ping Ying
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, PR China
| | - Yan Fang
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, PR China
| | - Er-Fei Song
- Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jin-Shun Qi
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, PR China.
| | - Yan-Fang Pan
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi 712046, PR China.
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Luna GI, da Silva ICR, Sanchez MN. Association between -308G/A TNFA Polymorphism and Susceptibility to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. J Diabetes Res 2016; 2016:6309484. [PMID: 27822481 PMCID: PMC5086378 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6309484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered to be a worldwide epidemic disease and its type 2 form comprises more than 95% of all cases. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine. Its dysregulation has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The control of expression of this cytokine is associated with insulin resistance and has a strong genetic influence. In order to understand this relationship, the literature from all case-control studies since 2000 to date was reviewed. The genotypes frequency results presented in ten publications with different ethnicities were compared. The correlation between the TNFA promoter genotypes and the risk of developing T2DM remains controversial due to the many discrepancies between the different studies available. Ethnic differences may play a role in these conflicting results, since the distribution of TNFA promoter polymorphisms is distinctive between individuals of dissimilar racial origin. Hence, although the relationship between T2DM incidence and presence of polymorphisms at position -308 of the TNFA gene is not entirely clear, the results of these studies suggest the need for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geisa Izetti Luna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- *Geisa Izetti Luna:
| | | | - Mauro Niskier Sanchez
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Lv L, Chen H, Sun J, Lu D, Chen C, Liu D. PRMT1 promotes glucose toxicity-induced β cell dysfunction by regulating the nucleo-cytoplasmic trafficking of PDX-1 in a FOXO1-dependent manner in INS-1 cells. Endocrine 2015; 49:669-82. [PMID: 25874535 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-015-0543-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Protein N-arginine methyltransferase-1 (PRMT1), the major asymmetric arginine methyltransferase, plays important roles in various cellular processes. Previous reports have demonstrated that levels and activities of PRMT1 can vary in animals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the expression and mechanism of action of PRMT1 during glucose toxicity-induced β cell dysfunction. Liposome-mediated gene transfection was used to transfect INS-1 cells with siPRMT1, which inhibits PRMT1 expression, and pALTER-FOXO1, which overexpresses forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1). The cells were then cultured in media containing 5.6 or 25 mmol/L glucose with or without the small molecule PRMT1 inhibitor AMI-1 for 48 h. The protein levels of PRMT1, the arginine methylated protein α-metR, FOXO1, Phospho-FOXO1, pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 (PDX-1), and the intracellular localization of PDX-1 and FOXO1 were then measured by western blotting. FOXO1 methylation was detected by immunoprecipitated with anti-PRMT1 antibody and were immunoblotted with α-metR. The levels of insulin mRNA were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and intracellular insulin content were measured using radioimmunoassays. Intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i) was detected using Fura-2 AM. Intracellular cAMP levels were measured using ELISA. Chronic exposure to high glucose impaired insulin secretion, decreased insulin mRNA levels and insulin content, increased intracellular [Ca(2+)]i and cAMP levels, and abolishes their responses to glucose. Inhibiting PRMT1 expression improved insulin secretion, increased mRNA levels and insulin content by regulating the intracellular translocation of PDX-1 and FOXO1, decreasing the methylation of FOXO1, and reducing intracellular [Ca(2+)]i and cAMP concentrations. Transient overexpression of constitutively active FOXO1 in nuclear reversed the AMI-1-induced improvement of β cell function without changing arginine methylation. It is concluded therefore that PRMT1 regulates GSIS in INS-1 cells, through enhanced methylation-induced nuclear localization of FOXO1, which subsequently suppresses the nuclear localization of PDX-1. Our results suggest a novel mechanism that might contribute to the deficient insulin secretion observed under conditions of chronically hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
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Peterson RG, Jackson CV, Zimmerman K, de Winter W, Huebert N, Hansen MK. Characterization of the ZDSD Rat: A Translational Model for the Study of Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:487816. [PMID: 25961053 PMCID: PMC4415477 DOI: 10.1155/2015/487816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and T2D produce significant health and economic issues. Many available animal models have monogenic leptin pathway mutations that are absent in the human population. Development of the ZDSD rat model was undertaken to produce a model that expresses polygenic obesity and diabetes with an intact leptin pathway. A lean ZDF rat with the propensity for beta-cell failure was crossed with a polygenetically obese Crl:CD (SD) rat. Offspring were selectively inbred for obesity and diabetes for >30 generations. In the current study, ZDSD rats were followed for 6 months; routine clinical metabolic endpoints were included throughout the study. In the prediabetic metabolic syndrome phase, ZDSD rats exhibited obesity with increased body fat, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and elevated HbA1c. As disease progressed to overt diabetes, ZDSD rats demonstrated elevated glucose levels, abnormal oral glucose tolerance, increases in HbA1c levels, reductions in body weight, increased insulin resistance with decreasing insulin levels, and dyslipidemia. The ZDSD rat develops prediabetic metabolic syndrome and T2D in a manner that mirrors the development of metabolic syndrome and T2D in humans. ZDSD rats will provide a novel, translational animal model for the study of human metabolic diseases and for the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard G. Peterson
- PreClinOmics, Inc., 7918 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
- *Richard G. Peterson:
| | | | - Karen Zimmerman
- PreClinOmics, Inc., 7918 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Willem de Winter
- Janssen Research & Development, A Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Norman Huebert
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA 19477, USA
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Bulut F, Erol D, Elyas H, Doğan H, Ozdemir FA, Keskin L. Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-receptor 22 Gene C1858T Polymorphism in Patients with Coexistent Type 2 Diabetes and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis. Balkan Med J 2014; 31:37-42. [PMID: 25207165 DOI: 10.5152/balkanmedj.2014.9418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) C1858T gene polymorphism has been reported to be associated with both Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) separately. However, no study has been conducted to explore the C1858T polymorphism in T2DM and HT coexistent cases up to now. AIMS The study aimed to determine whether a relationship exists or not between the PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and this coexistent patient group. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study. METHODS Peripheral blood samples from 135 T2DM patients, 102 patients with coexistent T2DM+HT, 71 HT patients and 135 healthy controls were collected into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) anticoagulant tubes and genomic DNA was extracted. The PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were not observed between the patient and control groups. This study demonstrated a statistically significant association between both the CT genotype and the T allele in the female patient group with coexistent T2DM+HT (CT genotype: p=0.04; T allele: p=0.045) with a statistically significant association between the CT genotype and the mean values of body mass index (BMI) and free T3 levels (FT3) (BMI: p=0.044 and FT3: p=0.021) that was detected in the patient group with coexistent T2DM+HT. The minor genotype TT was observed in none of the groups in this study. The CT genotype frequency was [number (frequency): 5 (3.8%), 7 (6.86%), 5 (7.04%), 3 (2.22%), while the T allele frequency was 5 (1.86%), 7 (3.44%), 5 (3.53%) and 3 (1.12%)] in the T2DM, T2DM+HT, HT and control groups, respectively. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the PTPN22 1858T allele and the CT genotype are associated with increased risk in female patients for coexistent T2DM+HT. The CT genotype was associated with high mean BMI and free T3 values in the patient group with coexistent T2DM+HT. These results demonstrate that T allele carriers were more often in the T2DM+HT group than in the T2DM group. Therefore, the combination of T2DM and HT with female gender may have higher T allele carriage in comparison to the T2DM only and male groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Bulut
- Department of Medical Biology, Kırıkkale University Faculty of Medicine, Kırıkkale, Turkey
| | - Deniz Erol
- Department of Medical Biology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Halit Elyas
- Department of Medical Biology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Halil Doğan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Private Hayat Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Medical Biology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Lezan Keskin
- Department of Endocrinology, Elazığ Training and Research Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
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Wang B, Chandrasekera PC, Pippin JJ. Leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models: relevance for human type 2 diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2014; 10:131-45. [PMID: 24809394 PMCID: PMC4082168 DOI: 10.2174/1573399810666140508121012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 343] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Among the most widely used animal models in obesity-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) research are the congenital leptin- and leptin receptor-deficient rodent models. These include the leptin-deficient ob/ob mice and the leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice, Zucker fatty rats, Zucker diabetic fatty rats, SHR/N-cp rats, and JCR:LA-cp rats. After decades of mechanistic and therapeutic research schemes with these animal models, many species differences have been uncovered, but researchers continue to overlook these differences, leading to untranslatable research. The purpose of this review is to analyze and comprehensively recapitulate the most common leptin/leptin receptor-based animal models with respect to their relevance and translatability to human T2DM. Our analysis revealed that, although these rodents develop obesity due to hyperphagia caused by abnormal leptin/leptin receptor signaling with the subsequent appearance of T2DM-like manifestations, these are in fact secondary to genetic mutations that do not reflect disease etiology in humans, for whom leptin or leptin receptor deficiency is not an important contributor to T2DM. A detailed comparison of the roles of genetic susceptibility, obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and diabetic complications as well as leptin expression, signaling, and other factors that confound translation are presented here. There are substantial differences between these animal models and human T2DM that limit reliable, reproducible, and translatable insight into human T2DM. Therefore, it is imperative that researchers recognize and acknowledge the limitations of the leptin/leptin receptor- based rodent models and invest in research methods that would be directly and reliably applicable to humans in order to advance T2DM management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John J Pippin
- Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, 5100 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Suite 400, Washington, DC 20016, USA.
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28
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Montane J, Cadavez L, Novials A. Stress and the inflammatory process: a major cause of pancreatic cell death in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2014; 7:25-34. [PMID: 24520198 PMCID: PMC3917922 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s37649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia in the context of insulin resistance, which precedes insulin deficiency as a result of β-cell failure. Accumulating evidence indicates that β-cell loss in T2D results as a response to the combination of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Failure of the ER's adaptive capacity and further activation of the unfolded protein response may trigger macroautophagy (hereafter referred as autophagy) as a process of self-protection and inflammation. Many studies have shown that inflammation plays a very important role in the pathogenesis of T2D. Inflammatory mechanisms and cytokine production activated by stress via the inflammasome may further alter the normal structure of β-cells by inducing pancreatic islet cell apoptosis. Thus, the combination of oxidative and ER stress, together with autophagy insufficiency and inflammation, may contribute to β-cell death or dysfunction in T2D. Therapeutic approaches aimed at ameliorating stress and inflammation may therefore prove to be promising targets for the development of new diabetes treatment methods. Here, we discuss different mechanisms involved in stress and inflammation, and the role of antioxidants, endogenous and chemical chaperones, and autophagic pathways, which may shift the tendency from ER stress and apoptosis toward cell survival. Strategies targeting cell survival can be essential for relieving ER stress and reestablishing homeostasis, which may diminish inflammation and prevent pancreatic β-cell death associated with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Montane
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lisa Cadavez
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Novials
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: Anna Novials, Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, c/Rosello, 149-153 08036, Barcelona, Spain, Tel +34 93 227 5400, Fax +34 93 312 9403, Email
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29
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Li J, Wu S, Wang MR, Wang TT, Zhu JM. Association of the interleukin-10 −592A/C, −1082G/A and −819T/C gene polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 521:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Intrauterine growth retardation has been linked to the development of type 2 diabetes later in life and the mechanisms underlying this phenomena are unknown. Epidemiological studies in humans show a distinct link with the exposure to an intrauterine insult that results in low birth weight and the development of type 2 diabetes in adulthood. Intrauterine growth retardation can be induced in rodent models by exposing the pregnant rat to a low protein diet, total calorie restriction, high dose glucocorticoids or inducing uteroplacental insufficiency, all which result in abnormalities in glucose homeostasis in the offspring later in life. Animal models of intrauterine growth retardation allow for a better characterization of changes in glucose homeostasis and corresponding changes in gene expression that can provide insight in the mechanisms by which intrauterine growth retardation leads to type 2 diabetes.
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Sandovici I, Hammerle CM, Ozanne SE, Constância M. Developmental and environmental epigenetic programming of the endocrine pancreas: consequences for type 2 diabetes. Cell Mol Life Sci 2013; 70:1575-95. [PMID: 23463236 PMCID: PMC11113912 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-013-1297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The development of the endocrine pancreas is controlled by a hierarchical network of transcriptional regulators. It is increasingly evident that this requires a tightly interconnected epigenetic "programme" to drive endocrine cell differentiation and maintain islet function. Epigenetic regulators such as DNA and histone-modifying enzymes are now known to contribute to determination of pancreatic cell lineage, maintenance of cellular differentiation states, and normal functioning of adult pancreatic endocrine cells. Persistent effects of an early suboptimal environment, known to increase risk of type 2 diabetes in later life, can alter the epigenetic control of transcriptional master regulators, such as Hnf4a and Pdx1. Recent genome-wide analyses also suggest that an altered epigenetic landscape is associated with the β cell failure observed in type 2 diabetes and aging. At the cellular level, epigenetic mechanisms may provide a mechanistic link between energy metabolism and stable patterns of gene expression. Key energy metabolites influence the activity of epigenetic regulators, which in turn alter transcription to maintain cellular homeostasis. The challenge is now to understand the detailed molecular mechanisms that underlie these diverse roles of epigenetics, and the extent to which they contribute to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. In-depth understanding of the developmental and environmental epigenetic programming of the endocrine pancreas has the potential to lead to novel therapeutic approaches in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionel Sandovici
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SW UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG UK
- Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Constanze M. Hammerle
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SW UK
| | - Susan E. Ozanne
- Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Miguel Constância
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SW UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG UK
- Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Wu CW, Biggar KK, Storey KB. Biochemical adaptations of mammalian hibernation: exploring squirrels as a perspective model for naturally induced reversible insulin resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 46:1-13. [PMID: 23314346 PMCID: PMC3854349 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20122388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
An important disease among human metabolic disorders is type 2 diabetes mellitus. This disorder involves multiple physiological defects that result from high blood glucose content and eventually lead to the onset of insulin resistance. The combination of insulin resistance, increased glucose production, and decreased insulin secretion creates a diabetic metabolic environment that leads to a lifetime of management. Appropriate models are critical for the success of research. As such, a unique model providing insight into the mechanisms of reversible insulin resistance is mammalian hibernation. Hibernators, such as ground squirrels and bats, are excellent examples of animals exhibiting reversible insulin resistance, for which a rapid increase in body weight is required prior to entry into dormancy. Hibernator studies have shown differential regulation of specific molecular pathways involved in reversible resistance to insulin. The present review focuses on this growing area of research and the molecular mechanisms that regulate glucose homeostasis, and explores the roles of the Akt signaling pathway during hibernation. Here, we propose a link between hibernation, a well-documented response to periods of environmental stress, and reversible insulin resistance, potentially facilitated by key alterations in the Akt signaling network, PPAR-γ/PGC-1α regulation, and non-coding RNA expression. Coincidentally, many of the same pathways are frequently found to be dysregulated during insulin resistance in human type 2 diabetes. Hence, the molecular networks that may regulate reversible insulin resistance in hibernating mammals represent a novel approach by providing insight into medical treatment of insulin resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-W Wu
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Association of common genetic variants in the MAP4K4 locus with prediabetic traits in humans. PLoS One 2012; 7:e47647. [PMID: 23094072 PMCID: PMC3475716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0047647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) is expressed in all diabetes-relevant tissues and mediates cytokine-induced insulin resistance. We investigated whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MAP4K4 locus associate with glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, impaired insulin release, or elevated plasma cytokines. The best hit was tested for association with type 2 diabetes. Subjects (N = 1,769) were recruited from the Tübingen Family (TÜF) study for type 2 diabetes and genotyped for tagging SNPs. In a subgroup, cytokines were measured. Association with type 2 diabetes was tested in a prospective case-cohort study (N = 2,971) derived from the EPIC-Potsdam study. Three SNPs (rs6543087, rs17801985, rs1003376) revealed nominal and two SNPs (rs11674694, rs11678405) significant associations with 2-hour glucose levels. SNPs rs6543087 and rs11674694 were also nominally associated with decreased insulin sensitivity. Another two SNPs (rs2236936, rs2236935) showed associations with reduced insulin release, driven by effects in lean subjects only. Three SNPs (rs11674694, rs13003883, rs2236936) revealed nominal associations with IL-6 levels. SNP rs11674694 was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. In conclusion, common variation in MAP4K4 is associated with insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction, possibly via this gene’s role in inflammatory signalling. This variation’s impact on insulin sensitivity may be more important since its effect on insulin release vanishes with increasing BMI.
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34
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Lee SA, Ding C. The dysfunctional placenta epigenome: causes and consequences. Epigenomics 2012; 4:561-9. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.12.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The placenta is a fetal–maternal endocrine organ responsible for ensuring proper fetal development throughout pregnancy. Adverse insults to the intrauterine environment often lead to expression level changes in placental genes, many of which are epigenetically regulated by DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA interference. These epigenetic alterations may cause placental dysfunction, resulting in offspring of low birthweight owing to adverse pregnancy complications such as intrauterine growth restriction. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between low birthweight and increased risk of developing metabolic diseases and neurological imbalances in adulthood, and in subsequent generations, indicating that epigenetic regulation of gene expression can be propagated stably with long-term effects on health. This article provides an overview of the various environmental factors capable of inducing detrimental changes to the placental epigenome, as well as the corresponding mechanisms that prime the offspring for onset of disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue-Ann Lee
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609
| | - Chunming Ding
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology & Research (A*STAR), Brenner Center for Molecular Medicine, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609
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35
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Salem SD, Saif-Ali R, Ismail IS, Al-Hamodi Z, Poh R, Muniandy S. IGF2BP2 alternative variants associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies negative diabetes in Malaysian subjects. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45573. [PMID: 23029108 PMCID: PMC3446917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The association of Insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2) common variants (rs4402960 and rs1470579) with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has been performed in different populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of alternative variants of IGF2BP2; rs6777038, rs16860234 and rs7651090 with glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA) negative diabetes in Malaysian Subjects. Methods/Principal Findings IGF2BP2; rs6777038, rs16860234 and rs7651090 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped in 1107 GADA negative diabetic patients and 620 control subjects of Asian from Malaysia. The additive genetic model adjusted for age, race, gender and BMI showed that alternative variants; rs6777038, rs16860234 and rs7651090 of IGF2BP2 associated with GADA negative diabetes (OR = 1.21; 1.36; 1.35, P = 0.03; 0.0004; 0.0002, respectively). In addition, the CCG haplotype and diplotype CCG-TCG increased the risk of diabetes (OR = 1.51, P = 0.01; OR = 2.36, P = 0.009, respectively). Conclusions/Significance IGF2BP2 alternative variants were associated with GADA negative diabetes. The IGF2BP2 haplotypes and diplotypes increased the risk of diabetes in Malaysian subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer D. Salem
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SDS); (SM)
| | - Riyadh Saif-Ali
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen
| | - Ikram S. Ismail
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya Medical Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zaid Al-Hamodi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rozaida Poh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sekaran Muniandy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (SDS); (SM)
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Veinot TC, Kim YM, Meadowbrooke CC. Health information behavior in families: Supportive or irritating? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/meet.2011.14504801070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Stienstra R, Tack CJ, Kanneganti TD, Joosten LAB, Netea MG. The inflammasome puts obesity in the danger zone. Cell Metab 2012; 15:10-8. [PMID: 22225872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced inflammation is an important contributor to the induction of insulin resistance. Recently, the cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has emerged as a prominent instigator of the proinflammatory response in obesity. Several studies over the last year have subsequently deciphered the molecular mechanisms responsible for IL-1β activation in adipose tissue, liver, and macrophages and demonstrated a central role of the processing enzyme caspase-1 and of the protein complex leading to its activation called the inflammasome. These data suggest that activation of the inflammasome represents a crucial step in the road from obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinke Stienstra
- Department of Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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Association between IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:361-7. [PMID: 21839790 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Genome-wide association studies recently found IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism associated with enhanced risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Numerous studies have been published to replicate the association. However, results were inconsistent and inconclusive. To clarify the relationship of IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism and T2DM, we conducted this meta-analysis. METHODS We searched PubMed for all eligible studies up to February 2011. Forty eight independent study groups from 28 case-control studies and two prospective studies were identified. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (95% CI) were adopted to evaluate the association. RESULTS The pooled results indicated that the rs4402960 polymorphism of the IGF2BP2 gene was related to increased risk of T2DM for T allele vs. G allele (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.11-1.15) under additive genetic model. Significant associations were also found under dominant (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 1.14-1.20) and recessive (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.15-1.25) genetic models. There was no significant heterogeneity among all studies. Subgroup analyses stratified by ethnicity showed that significant increased risks were observed in European, East Asian and South Asian populations, and the effect sizes were similar. For Africans, no significant association was detected under all genetic models. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis suggested that IGF2BP2 rs4402960 polymorphism conferred elevated risk of T2DM, especially in European, East Asian and South Asian populations.
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Shab-Bidar S, Neyestani TR, Djazayery A. Efficacy of vitamin D3-fortified-yogurt drink on anthropometric, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers according to vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms in type 2 diabetic patients: a study protocol for a randomized controlled clinical trial. BMC Endocr Disord 2011; 11:12. [PMID: 21696575 PMCID: PMC3146888 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6823-11-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is determined by the interactions of genetic and environmental factors. This study was designed to evaluate the possible role of VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on different aspects of diabetic host response (anthropometric, metabolic, oxidative stress and inflammatory) to daily intake of vitamin D through fortified yogurt drink for 12 weeks. METHODS/DESIGN This study comprises two parts: (i) a case-control study; and (ii) an intervention trial. In the first part, VDR polymorphisms (Taq1, FokI, Apa1, Bsm1, and Cdx2) are determined in 350 T2DM patients and 350 non-diabetic subjects. In the second part, the possible effects of daily intake of two servings of vitamin D3-fortified yogurt drink (FYD; 500 IU vitamin D/250 mL) on some selected metabolic (including insulin resistance), inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in 135 T2DM patients are assessed. To relate the resulted changes in the biomarkers to vitamin D replenishment, another group of diabetic patients (n = 45) are also included in the study who receive 2 servings of plain yogurt drink (PYD) a day. The primary outcome is serum level of 25(OH) D, which it is expected to be elevated only in FYD group. Secondary outcomes include improvements in glycemic, metabolic, inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in FYD group compared to PYD group. Three VDR FokI polymorphisms are determined only in FYD group followed by comparison of changes in the biomarkers among these genotypic variants. DISCUSSION The present study, at least in part, elucidates the discrepancies in the results of different vitamin D-diabetes studies pertaining to the genetic variations of the population. If VDR polymorphisms are found to influence the response to our intervention, then knowing distribution of VDR polymorphisms in both diabetic and non-diabetic populations can give a picture of the proportion of the community in whom up to 1000 IU/d vitamin D may not be effective enough to improve insulin resistance and related morbidities. Therefore, they should ideally receive further nutritional support according to their genotype. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01236846.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Tirang R Neyestani
- Laboratory of Nutrition Research, National Research Institute and Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBUM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolghassem Djazayery
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Jin W, Goldfine AB, Boes T, Henry RR, Ciaraldi TP, Kim EY, Emecan M, Fitzpatrick C, Sen A, Shah A, Mun E, Vokes V, Schroeder J, Tatro E, Jimenez-Chillaron J, Patti ME. Increased SRF transcriptional activity in human and mouse skeletal muscle is a signature of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:918-29. [PMID: 21393865 DOI: 10.1172/jci41940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenotype associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for which the molecular mediators remain unclear. We therefore conducted an expression analysis of human muscle biopsies from patients with T2D; normoglycemic but insulin-resistant subjects with a parental family history (FH(+)) of T2D; and family history-negative control individuals (FH(–)). Actin cytoskeleton genes regulated by serum response factor (SRF) and its coactivator megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) had increased expression in T2D and FH(+) groups. Furthermore, striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS), an activator of SRF, was upregulated in T2D and FH(+) and was inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant mice recapitulated this gene expression pattern and showed reduced G-actin and increased nuclear localization of MKL1, each of which regulates SRF activity. Overexpression of MKL1 or reduction in G-actin decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, whereas reduction of STARS expression increased insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Pharmacological SRF inhibition by CCG-1423 reduced nuclear MKL1 and improved glucose uptake and tolerance in insulin-resistant mice in vivo. Thus, SRF pathway alterations are linked to insulin resistance, may contribute to T2D pathogenesis, and could represent therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhu Jin
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Farrés J, Pujol A, Coma M, Ruiz JL, Naval J, Mas JM, Molins A, Fondevila J, Aloy P. Revealing the molecular relationship between type 2 diabetes and the metabolic changes induced by a very-low-carbohydrate low-fat ketogenic diet. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:88. [PMID: 21143928 PMCID: PMC3009973 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-7-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide, accounting for 85-95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. Clinical trials provide evidence of benefits of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diets in terms of clinical outcomes on type 2 diabetes patients. However, the molecular events responsible for these improvements still remain unclear in spite of the high amount of knowledge on the primary mechanisms of both the diabetes and the metabolic state of ketosis. Molecular network analysis of conditions, diseases and treatments might provide new insights and help build a better understanding of clinical, metabolic and molecular relationships among physiological conditions. Accordingly, our aim is to reveal such a relationship between a ketogenic diet and type 2 diabetes through systems biology approaches. Methods Our systemic approach is based on the creation and analyses of the cell networks representing the metabolic state in a very-low-carbohydrate low-fat ketogenic diet. This global view might help identify unnoticed relationships often overlooked in molecule or process-centered studies. Results A strong relationship between the insulin resistance pathway and the ketosis main pathway was identified, providing a possible explanation for the improvement observed in clinical trials. Moreover, the map analyses permit the formulation of some hypothesis on functional relationships between the molecules involved in type 2 diabetes and induced ketosis, suggesting, for instance, a direct implication of glucose transporters or inflammatory processes. The molecular network analysis performed in the ketogenic-diet map, from the diabetes perspective, has provided insights on the potential mechanism of action, but also has opened new possibilities to study the applications of the ketogenic diet in other situations such as CNS or other metabolic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Farrés
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Join IRB-BSC program in Computational Biology, C/Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Segrè AV, Groop L, Mootha VK, Daly MJ, Altshuler D. Common inherited variation in mitochondrial genes is not enriched for associations with type 2 diabetes or related glycemic traits. PLoS Genet 2010; 6. [PMID: 20714348 PMCID: PMC2920848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in skeletal muscle of people with diabetes and insulin-resistant individuals. Furthermore, inherited mutations in mitochondrial DNA can cause a rare form of diabetes. However, it is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary cause of the common form of diabetes. To date, common genetic variants robustly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are not known to affect mitochondrial function. One possibility is that multiple mitochondrial genes contain modest genetic effects that collectively influence T2D risk. To test this hypothesis we developed a method named Meta-Analysis Gene-set Enrichment of variaNT Associations (MAGENTA; http://www.broadinstitute.org/mpg/magenta). MAGENTA, in analogy to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, tests whether sets of functionally related genes are enriched for associations with a polygenic disease or trait. MAGENTA was specifically designed to exploit the statistical power of large genome-wide association (GWA) study meta-analyses whose individual genotypes are not available. This is achieved by combining variant association p-values into gene scores and then correcting for confounders, such as gene size, variant number, and linkage disequilibrium properties. Using simulations, we determined the range of parameters for which MAGENTA can detect associations likely missed by single-marker analysis. We verified MAGENTA's performance on empirical data by identifying known relevant pathways in lipid and lipoprotein GWA meta-analyses. We then tested our mitochondrial hypothesis by applying MAGENTA to three gene sets: nuclear regulators of mitochondrial genes, oxidative phosphorylation genes, and ∼1,000 nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes. The analysis was performed using the most recent T2D GWA meta-analysis of 47,117 people and meta-analyses of seven diabetes-related glycemic traits (up to 46,186 non-diabetic individuals). This well-powered analysis found no significant enrichment of associations to T2D or any of the glycemic traits in any of the gene sets tested. These results suggest that common variants affecting nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes have at most a small genetic contribution to T2D susceptibility. Mitochondria play a crucial role in metabolic homeostasis, and alteration of mitochondrial function is a hallmark of diabetes. While mitochondrial activity is reduced in people with diabetes, it is unclear whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a cause or effect of type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide association studies for type 2 diabetes have explained ≈10% of the heritability of the disease, but none of the loci are known to affect mitochondrial activity. It is possible though that a mitochondrial contribution is hidden in the remaining 90%. Hence, we tested the hypothesis that multiple mitochondria-related genes encoded in the nucleus, each having a weak effect (hard to detect individually), can collectively influence type 2 diabetes. To address this, we developed a computational method (MAGENTA) that allowed us to adequately analyze large collective datasets of human genetic variation obtained from collaborative studies of type 2 diabetes and related glycemic traits. Despite the increased sensitivity of MAGENTA compared to single-DNA variant analysis, we found no support for a causal relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. These results may help steer future efforts in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. MAGENTA is broadly applicable to testing associations between other biological pathways and common diseases or traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayellet V. Segrè
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DA); (AVS)
| | | | | | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Unit, University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vamsi K. Mootha
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Daly
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David Altshuler
- Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail: (DA); (AVS)
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Li Y, Duffy KB, Ottinger MA, Ray B, Bailey JA, Holloway HW, Tweedie D, Perry T, Mattson MP, Kapogiannis D, Sambamurti K, Lahiri DK, Greig NH. GLP-1 receptor stimulation reduces amyloid-beta peptide accumulation and cytotoxicity in cellular and animal models of Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2010; 19:1205-19. [PMID: 20308787 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2010-1314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 (T2) diabetes mellitus (DM) has been associated with an increased incidence of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several pathological features are shared between diabetes and AD, including dysfunctional insulin signaling and a dysregulation of glucose metabolism. It has therefore been suggested that not only may the two conditions share specific molecular mechanisms but also that agents with proven efficacy in one may be useful against the other. Hence, the present study characterized the effects of a clinically approved long-acting analogue, exendin-4 (Ex-4), of the endogenous insulin releasing incretin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), on stress-induced toxicity in neuronal cultures and on amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) and tau levels in triple transgenic AD (3xTg-AD) mice with and without streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetes. Ex-4 ameliorated the toxicity of Abeta and oxidative challenge in primary neuronal cultures and human SH-SY5Y cells in a concentration-dependent manner. When 11 to 12.5 month old female 3xTg AD mice were challenged with STZ or saline, and thereafter treated with a continuous subcutaneous infusion of Ex-4 or vehicle, Ex-4 ameliorated the diabetic effects of STZ in 3xTg-AD mice, elevating plasma insulin and lowering both plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels. Furthermore, brain levels of Abeta protein precursor and Abeta, which were elevated in STZ 3xTg-AD mice, were significantly reduced in Ex-4 treated mice. Brain tau levels were unaffected following STZ challenge, but showed a trend toward elevation that was absent following Ex-4 treatment. Together, these results suggest a potential value of Ex-4 in AD, particularly when associated with T2DM or glucose intolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Li
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Liu Z, Habener JF. Wnt signaling in pancreatic islets. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2010; 654:391-419. [PMID: 20217507 DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-3271-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt signaling pathway is critically important not only for stem cell amplification, differentiation, and migration, but also is important for organogenesis and the development of the body plan. Beta-catenin/TCF7L2-dependent Wnt signaling (the canonical pathway) is involved in pancreas development, islet function, and insulin production and secretion. The glucoincretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 and the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 modulate canonical Wnt signaling in beta-cells which is obligatory for their mitogenic and cytoprotective actions. Genome-wide association studies have uncovered 19 gene loci that confer susceptibility for the development of type 2 diabetes. At least 14 of these diabetes risk alleles encode proteins that are implicated in islet growth and functioning. Seven of them are either components of, or known target genes for, Wnt signaling. The transcription factor TCF7L2 is particularly strongly associated with risk for diabetes and appears to be fundamentally important in both canonical Wnt signaling and beta-cell functioning. Experimental loss of TCF7L2 function in islets and polymorphisms in TCF7L2 alleles in humans impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, suggesting that perturbations in the Wnt signaling pathway may contribute substantially to the susceptibility for, and pathogenesis of, type 2 diabetes. This review focuses on considerations of the hormonal regulation of Wnt signaling in islets and implications for mutations in components of the Wnt signaling pathway as a source for risk-associated alleles for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Pinney SE, Simmons RA. Epigenetic mechanisms in the development of type 2 diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2010; 21:223-9. [PMID: 19864158 PMCID: PMC2848901 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2009.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2009] [Revised: 10/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a disorder of complex genetics influenced by interactions between susceptible genetic loci and environmental perturbations. Intrauterine growth retardation is one such environmental perturbation linked to the development of T2D in adulthood. An abnormal metabolic intrauterine milieu affects fetal development by permanently modifying expression of key genes regulating beta-cell development (Pdx1) and glucose transport (Glut4) in muscle. Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is one mechanism by which genetic susceptibility and environmental insults can lead to T2D. Therefore, therapeutic agents targeting epigenetic gene regulation can ultimately be used to treat T2D; however, there is much to be learned about genome-wide epigenetic programming of health and disease before these therapies can be used in patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara E Pinney
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Niu W, Qi Y, Gao P, Zhu D. Angiotensin converting enzyme D allele is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes: evidence from a meta-analysis. Endocr J 2010; 57:431-8. [PMID: 20160398 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k09e-360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations of angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been inconsistent with both positive, null and negative results. We thereby performed a meta-analysis from all English-published reports to examine ACE I/D polymorphism in association with T2D risk. Case-control studies were identified from MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science as of Dec 10, 2009. A total of 14 studies with 1985 patients with T2D and 4602 controls were finally identified. Random-effects model was applied irrespective of between-study heterogeneity. Study quality was assessed in duplicate. Compared with ACE I allele, presence of D allele conferred a significant increased risk for T2D (OR=1.33; 95% CI, 1.10-1.61; p=0.003). This trend was potentiated after comparing homozygotes of D allele with I allele with a 90% increased risk (p=0.0008). Carriers of D allele had a moderate increased risk for T2D compared with the II genotype carriers (OR=1.34; 95% CI, 1.04-1.72; p=0.02), whereas under recessive model this effect was significantly enhanced (OR=1.73; 95% CI, 1.26-2.38; p=0.0008). Subgroup analyses indicated significant association for population-based study design only, as well as among populations from Africa and Europe ancestries rather than from Asia ancestry. No publication bias was observed using the fail-safe number at the level of 0.05. Our results demonstrated that ACE D allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2D, and this effect appeared to be additive. Moreover, this association was more prominent for population-based studies and among Africans and Caucasians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenquan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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