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Nguyen NTT, Müller R, Briukhovetska D, Weber J, Feucht J, Künkele A, Hudecek M, Kobold S. The Spectrum of CAR Cellular Effectors: Modes of Action in Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2608. [PMID: 39061247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16142608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor-T cells have spearheaded the field of adoptive cell therapy and have shown remarkable results in treating hematological neoplasia. Because of the different biology of solid tumors compared to hematological tumors, response rates of CAR-T cells could not be transferred to solid entities yet. CAR engineering has added co-stimulatory domains, transgenic cytokines and switch receptors to improve performance and persistence in a hostile tumor microenvironment, but because of the inherent cell type limitations of CAR-T cells, including HLA incompatibility, toxicities (cytokine release syndrome, neurotoxicity) and high costs due to the logistically challenging preparation process for autologous cells, the use of alternative immune cells is gaining traction. NK cells and γδ T cells that do not need HLA compatibility or macrophages and dendritic cells with additional properties such as phagocytosis or antigen presentation are increasingly seen as cellular vehicles with potential for application. As these cells possess distinct properties, clinicians and researchers need a thorough understanding of their peculiarities and commonalities. This review will compare these different cell types and their specific modes of action seen upon CAR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thien Thu Nguyen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rasmus Müller
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Daria Briukhovetska
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Justus Weber
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Judith Feucht
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Tuebingen, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Künkele
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Hudecek
- Department of Medicine II, Chair in Cellular Immunotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Cellular Immunotherapy Branch Site Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kobold
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, a Partnership between the DKFZ Heidelberg and the University Hospital of the LMU, 80336 Munich, Germany
- Einheit für Klinische Pharmakologie (EKLiP), Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg, 85764 Oberschleißheim, Germany
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2
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Liu XY, Huang JC, Zhang T, Wang HR, Xu QH, Xia YG, Xu AJ, Yang ZY, Sun L, Zhao WJ, Zhao J, Qian F, Hou AJ. Cyclo(L-Pro-L-Trp) from Chilobrachys jingzhao alleviates formalin-induced inflammatory pain by suppressing the inflammatory response and inhibiting TRAF6-mediated MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112602. [PMID: 39033660 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Chronic pain has emerged as a significant public health issue, seriously affecting patients' quality of life and psychological well-being, with a lack of effective pharmacological treatments. Numerous studies have indicated that macrophages play a crucial role in inflammatory pain, and targeting neuro-immune interactions for drug development may represent a promising direction for pain management. Chilobrachys jingzhao (C. jingzhao) is used as a folk medicine of the Li nationality with the efficacy of eliminating swelling, detoxicating, and relieving pain, and the related products are widely used in the market. However, the chemical constituents of C. jingzhao have not been reported, and the pharmacodynamic substance and the precise functional mechanism are unrevealed. Here we isolated a cyclic dipeptide, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Trp) (CPT) from C. jingzhao for the first time. CPT remarkably alleviated formalin-induced inflammatory pain and significantly inhibited inflammatory responses. In vivo, CPT attenuated neutrophil infiltration and plantar tissue edema and suppressed the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory molecules. In vitro, CPT suppressed inflammation triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in both RAW 264.7 and iBMDM cells, reducing expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), superoxide, and pro-inflammatory molecules. A mechanistic study revealed that CPT exerted an anti-inflammatory activity by blocking the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways, as well as alleviating the ubiquitination of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6). Our results elucidated the pharmacodynamic material basis of C. jingzhao, and CPT can be a promising lead for alleviating inflammation and inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Liu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jin-Chang Huang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 358 Datong Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 200137, China
| | - Han-Rui Wang
- Hainan Spider King Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570125, China
| | - Qi-Hui Xu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yu-Gui Xia
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence Biomedicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - A-Jing Xu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ze-Yong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Juan Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Hainan Spider King Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Haikou 570125, China.
| | - Feng Qian
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Ai-Jun Hou
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Drug Target Identification and Delivery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; National Key Laboratory of Innovative Immunotherapy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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3
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Shah MM, Layhadi JA, Hourcade DE, Fulton WT, Tan TJ, Dunham D, Chang I, Vel MS, Fernandes A, Lee AS, Liu J, Arunachalam PS, Galli SJ, Boyd SD, Pulendran B, Davis MM, O'Hara R, Park H, Mitchell LM, Akk A, Patterson A, Jerath MR, Monroy JM, Ren Z, Kendall PL, Durham SR, Fedina A, Gibbs BF, Agache I, Chinthrajah S, Sindher SB, Heider A, Akdis CA, Shamji MH, Pham CTN, Nadeau KC. Elucidating allergic reaction mechanisms in response to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination in adults. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39033312 DOI: 10.1111/all.16231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, novel nanoparticle-based mRNA vaccines were developed. A small number of individuals developed allergic reactions to these vaccines although the mechanisms remain undefined. METHODS To understand COVID-19 vaccine-mediated allergic reactions, we enrolled 19 participants who developed allergic events within 2 h of vaccination and 13 controls, nonreactors. Using standard hemolysis assays, we demonstrated that sera from allergic participants induced stronger complement activation compared to nonallergic subjects following ex vivo vaccine exposure. RESULTS Vaccine-mediated complement activation correlated with anti-polyethelyne glycol (PEG) IgG (but not IgM) levels while anti-PEG IgE was undetectable in all subjects. Depletion of total IgG suppressed complement activation in select individuals. To investigate the effects of vaccine excipients on basophil function, we employed a validated indirect basophil activation test that stratified the allergic populations into high and low responders. Complement C3a and C5a receptor blockade in this system suppressed basophil response, providing strong evidence for complement involvement in vaccine-mediated basophil activation. Single-cell multiome analysis revealed differential expression of genes encoding the cytokine response and Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathways within the monocyte compartment. Differential chromatin accessibility for IL-13 and IL-1B genes was found in allergic and nonallergic participants, suggesting that in vivo, epigenetic modulation of mononuclear phagocyte immunophenotypes determines their subsequent functional responsiveness, contributing to the overall physiologic manifestation of vaccine reactions. CONCLUSION These findings provide insights into the mechanisms underlying allergic reactions to COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, which may be used for future vaccine strategies in individuals with prior history of allergies or reactions and reduce vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihir M Shah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Janice A Layhadi
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dennis E Hourcade
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William T Fulton
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Tiak Ju Tan
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Diane Dunham
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Iris Chang
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Monica S Vel
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andrea Fernandes
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Alexandra S Lee
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - James Liu
- Stanford Health Library, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Prabhu S Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ruth O'Hara
- Department of Veteran's Administration and Dean's Office, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Helen Park
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lynne M Mitchell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Antonina Akk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alexander Patterson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Maya R Jerath
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jennifer M Monroy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhen Ren
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Peggy L Kendall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Stephen R Durham
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aleksandra Fedina
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Bernhard F Gibbs
- Department of Human Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Sharon Chinthrajah
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sayantani B Sindher
- Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy & Asthma Research, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Anja Heider
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Mohamed H Shamji
- Immunomodulation and Tolerance Group, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Souza IDF, Vieira JPJ, Bonifácio ED, Avelar Freitas BA, González Torres LA. The Microenvironment of Solid Tumors: Components and current challenges of Tumor-on-a-Chip models. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 39007523 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2024.0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Solid tumors represent the most common type of cancer in humans and are classified into sarcomas, lymphomas, and carcinomas based on the originating cells. Among these, carcinomas, which arise from epithelial and glandular cells lining the body's tissues, are the most prevalent. Around the world, a significant increase in the incidence of solid tumors is observed during recent years. In this context, efforts to discover more effective cancer treatments have led to a deeper understanding of the tumor microenvironment and its components. Currently, the interactions between cancer cells and elements of the tumor microenvironment are being intensely investigated. Remarkable progress in research is noted, largely due to the development of advanced in vitro models, such as Tumor-on-a-Chip models that assist in understanding and ultimately discovering new effective treatments for a specific type of cancer. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the tumor microenvironment and cancer cell components, along with the advances on tumor-on-a-chip models designed to mimic tumors, offering a perspective on the current state-of-the-art. Recent studies using this kind of microdevices that reproduce the tumor microenvironment have allowed a better understanding of the cancer and its treatments. Nevertheless, current applications of this technology present some limitations that must be overcome in order to achieve a broad application by researchers looking for a deeper knowledge of cancer and new strategies to improve current therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilva de Fátima Souza
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Institute of Science and Technology, Rua da Glória, 187, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 39100-000
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Institute of science and Technology, Rua da Glória, 187, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 39100-000;
| | - João Paulo Jesus Vieira
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Institute of Science and Technology, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Elton Diêgo Bonifácio
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Institute of Science and Technology, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Bethânia Alves Avelar Freitas
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Institute of Science and Technology, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
| | - Libardo Andrés González Torres
- Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Institute of Science and Technology, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil;
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Farazin A, Mahjoubi S. Dual-functional Hydroxyapatite scaffolds for bone regeneration and precision drug delivery. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 157:106661. [PMID: 39018918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Addressing infected bone defects remains a significant challenge in orthopedics, requiring effective infection control and bone defect repair. A promising therapeutic approach involves the development of dual-functional engineered biomaterials with drug delivery systems that combine antibacterial properties with osteogenesis promotion. The Hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds offer a one-stage treatment, eliminating the need for multiple surgeries and thereby streamlining the process and reducing treatment time. This review delves into the impaired bone repair mechanisms within pathogen-infected and inflamed microenvironments, providing a theoretical foundation for treating infectious bone defects. Additionally, it explores composite scaffolds made of antibacterial and osteogenic materials, along with advanced drug delivery systems that possess both antibacterial and bone-regenerative properties. By offering a comprehensive understanding of the microenvironment of infectious bone defects and innovative design strategies for dual-function scaffolds, this review presents significant advancements in treatment methods for infectious bone defects. Continued research and clinical validation are essential to refine these innovations, ensuring biocompatibility and safety, achieving controlled release and stability, and developing scalable manufacturing processes for widespread clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashkan Farazin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Castle Point on Hudson, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States
| | - Soroush Mahjoubi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, United States.
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6
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Sahebi K, Foroozand H, Amirsoleymani M, Eslamzadeh S, Negahdaripour M, Tajbakhsh A, Rahimi Jaberi A, Savardashtaki A. Advancing stroke recovery: unlocking the potential of cellular dynamics in stroke recovery. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:321. [PMID: 38992073 PMCID: PMC11239950 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02049-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke stands as a predominant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, and there is a pressing need for effective therapies to improve outcomes and enhance the quality of life for stroke survivors. In this line, effective efferocytosis, the clearance of apoptotic cells, plays a crucial role in neuroprotection and immunoregulation. This process involves specialized phagocytes known as "professional phagocytes" and consists of four steps: "Find-Me," "Eat-Me," engulfment/digestion, and anti-inflammatory responses. Impaired efferocytosis can lead to secondary necrosis and inflammation, resulting in adverse outcomes following brain pathologies. Enhancing efferocytosis presents a potential avenue for improving post-stroke recovery. Several therapeutic targets have been identified, including osteopontin, cysteinyl leukotriene 2 receptor, the µ opioid receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine, and PPARγ and RXR agonists. Ferroptosis, defined as iron-dependent cell death, is now emerging as a novel target to attenuate post-stroke tissue damage and neuronal loss. Additionally, several biomarkers, most importantly CD163, may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for acute ischemic stroke, aiding in stroke diagnosis and prognosis. Non-pharmacological approaches involve physical rehabilitation, hypoxia, and hypothermia. Mitochondrial dysfunction is now recognized as a major contributor to the poor outcomes of brain stroke, and medications targeting mitochondria may exhibit beneficial effects. These strategies aim to polarize efferocytes toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype, limit the ingestion of distressed but viable neurons, and stimulate efferocytosis in the late phase of stroke to enhance post-stroke recovery. These findings highlight promising directions for future research and development of effective stroke recovery therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keivan Sahebi
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Foroozand
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Saghi Eslamzadeh
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Manica Negahdaripour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Tajbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Abbas Rahimi Jaberi
- Clinical Neurology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Infertility Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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7
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Arneth B. Current Knowledge about Nonclassical Monocytes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, a Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7372. [PMID: 39000478 PMCID: PMC11242477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a critical role in the initiation and progression of multiple sclerosis (MS). Recent research indicates the importance of considering the roles of monocytes in the management of MS and the development of effective interventions. This systematic review examined published research on the roles of nonclassical monocytes in MS and how they influence disease management. Reputable databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar, were searched for relevant studies on the influence of monocytes on MS. The search focused on studies on humans and patients with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) published between 2014 and 2024 to provide insights into the study topic. Fourteen articles that examined the role of monocytes in MS were identified; the findings reported in these articles revealed that nonclassical monocytes could act as MS biomarkers, aid in the development of therapeutic interventions, reveal disease pathology, and improve approaches for monitoring disease progression. This review provides support for the consideration of monocytes when researching effective diagnostics, therapeutic interventions, and procedures for managing MS pathophysiology. These findings may guide future research aimed at gaining further insights into the role of monocytes in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM, Philipps University Marburg, Baldingerst 1, 35043 Marburg, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg, UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr 12, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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8
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Murayama M, Shinohara I, Toya M, Susuki Y, Lee ML, Young B, Gao Q, Chow SKH, Goodman SB. T cells and macrophages jointly modulate osteogenesis of mesenchymal stromal cells. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024. [PMID: 38963690 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Approximately 5%-10% of fractures go on to delayed healing and nonunion, posing significant clinical, economic, and social challenges. Current treatment methods involving open bone harvesting and grafting are associated with considerable pain and potential morbidity at the donor site. Hence, there is growing interest in minimally invasive approaches such as bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC), which contains mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), macrophages (Mφ), and T cells. However, the use of cultured or activated cells for treatment is not yet FDA-approved in the United States, necessitating further exploration of optimal cell types and proportions for effective bone formation. As our understanding of osteoimmunology advances, it has become apparent that factors from anti-inflammatory Mφ (M2) promote bone formation by MSCs. Additionally, M2 Mφ promote T helper 2 (Th2) cells and Treg cells, both of which enhance bone formation. In this study, we investigated the interactions among MSCs, Mφ, and T cells in bone formation and explored the potential of subsets of BMAC. Coculture experiments were conducted using primary MSCs, Mφ, and CD4+ T cells at specific ratios. Our results indicate that nonactivated T cells had no direct influence on osteogenesis by MSCs, while coculturing MSCs with Mφ and T cells at a ratio of 1:5:10 positively impacted bone formation. Furthermore, higher numbers of T cells led to increased M2 polarization and a higher proportion of Th2 cells in the early stages of coculture. These findings suggest the potential for enhancing bone formation by adjusting immune and mesenchymal cell ratios in BMAC. By understanding the interactions and effects of immune cells on bone formation, we can develop more effective strategies and protocols for treating bone defects and nonunions. Further studies are needed to investigate these interactions in vivo and explore additional factors influencing MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Murayama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Issei Shinohara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Masakazu Toya
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Yosuke Susuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Max L Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Bill Young
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Qi Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Stuart B Goodman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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9
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Anitua E, Troya M, Alkhraisat MH. Immunoregulatory role of platelet derivatives in the macrophage-mediated immune response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1399130. [PMID: 38983851 PMCID: PMC11231193 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophages are innate immune cells that display remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity and functional plasticity. Due to their involvement in the pathogenesis of several human conditions, macrophages are considered to be an attractive therapeutic target. In line with this, platelet derivatives have been successfully applied in many medical fields and as active participants in innate immunity, cooperation between platelets and macrophages is essential. In this context, the aim of this review is to compile the current evidence regarding the effects of platelet derivatives on the phenotype and functions of macrophages to identify the advantages and shortcomings for feasible future clinical applications. Methods A total of 669 articles were identified during the systematic literature search performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases. Results A total of 27 articles met the inclusion criteria. Based on published findings, platelet derivatives may play an important role in inducing a dynamic M1/M2 balance and promoting a timely M1-M2 shift. However, the differences in procedures regarding platelet derivatives and macrophages polarization and the occasional lack of information, makes reproducibility and comparison of results extremely challenging. Furthermore, understanding the differences between human macrophages and those derived from animal models, and taking into account the peculiarities of tissue resident macrophages and their ontogeny seem essential for the design of new therapeutic strategies. Conclusion Research on the combination of macrophages and platelet derivatives provides relevant information on the function and mechanisms of the immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Anitua
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - María Troya
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
| | - Mohammad H. Alkhraisat
- Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, BTI-Biotechnology Institute, Vitoria, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine & Oral Implantology, UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), Vitoria, Spain
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10
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Toledo B, Zhu Chen L, Paniagua-Sancho M, Marchal JA, Perán M, Giovannetti E. Deciphering the performance of macrophages in tumour microenvironment: a call for precision immunotherapy. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:44. [PMID: 38863020 PMCID: PMC11167803 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01559-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages infiltrating tumour tissues or residing in the microenvironment of solid tumours are known as tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs). These specialized immune cells play crucial roles in tumour growth, angiogenesis, immune regulation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. TAMs encompass various subpopulations, primarily classified into M1 and M2 subtypes based on their differentiation and activities. M1 macrophages, characterized by a pro-inflammatory phenotype, exert anti-tumoural effects, while M2 macrophages, with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, function as protumoural regulators. These highly versatile cells respond to stimuli from tumour cells and other constituents within the tumour microenvironment (TME), such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes. These stimuli induce their polarization towards one phenotype or another, leading to complex interactions with TME components and influencing both pro-tumour and anti-tumour processes.This review comprehensively and deeply covers the literature on macrophages, their origin and function as well as the intricate interplay between macrophages and the TME, influencing the dual nature of TAMs in promoting both pro- and anti-tumour processes. Moreover, the review delves into the primary pathways implicated in macrophage polarization, examining the diverse stimuli that regulate this process. These stimuli play a crucial role in shaping the phenotype and functions of macrophages. In addition, the advantages and limitations of current macrophage based clinical interventions are reviewed, including enhancing TAM phagocytosis, inducing TAM exhaustion, inhibiting TAM recruitment, and polarizing TAMs towards an M1-like phenotype. In conclusion, while the treatment strategies targeting macrophages in precision medicine show promise, overcoming several obstacles is still necessary to achieve an accessible and efficient immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Linrui Zhu Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - María Paniagua-Sancho
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, Granada, E-18071, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Campus Lagunillas, Jaén, E-23071, Spain.
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, E-18100, Spain.
- Excellence Research Unit "Modeling Nature" (MNat), University of Granada, Granada, E-18016, Spain.
| | - Elisa Giovannetti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Pharmacology Lab, Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, San Giuliano, Pisa, 56017, Italy.
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11
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Gunas V, Maievskyi O, Synelnyk T, Raksha N, Vovk T, Halenova T, Savchuk O, Gunas I. Cytokines and their regulators in rat lung following scorpion envenomation. Toxicon X 2024; 22:100198. [PMID: 38633505 PMCID: PMC11022085 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2024.100198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, more than two billion inhabitants of underdeveloped tropical and subtropical countries are at risk of being stung by scorpions. Scorpion stings annually cause 2000-3000 deaths as they can lead to the respiratory and/or cardiovascular complications. Pathogenesis of lung damage under scorpion envenomation is often comprehensive. Respiratory failure can have a cardiogenic origin, associated with venom neurotoxin action. However, some venom components can stimulate pro-inflammatory signaling cascades followed by cytokines synthesis, recruit and activate immune cells, participating in the inflammatory response in lung injury. Scorpions of the Leiurus genus ("deathstalker") are one of the most dangerous Arthropoda. To date, 22 species of this genus have been described, but the venom composition and the mechanisms of tissues damage under envenomation have been studied to some extent only for L. quinquestriatus, L. hebraeus, and L. abdullahbayrami. Scorpions of L. macroctenus species are expected to be very hazardous, but the possibility of their venom cause inflammation in the lung tissue has not been investigated to date. Therefore, in this study, we focused on evaluating the levels of cytokines and their regulators - transcription factors (HIF-1α and NF-κB) and growth factors (FGF-2, VEGF, and EGF) - in rat lung homogenates after L. macroctenus envenomation. The results revealed a decrease in the levels of most pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β and TNF-α) with simultaneous rise in the content of both anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) and interferon-γ. Furthermore, the levels of all researched transcription factors and growth factors were shown to be increased too. The detected changes peak occurred at 24 h, whereas a tendency towards all indicators values normalization was observed in 72 h after venom injection. Thus, our results did not reveal signs of a classic inflammatory process in the lungs of rats injected with L. macroctenus venom. However, the obtained data indicate venom influence both on cytokine profile and on their regulators content in the rat lungs, which is a feature of certain alterations in the innate immune response, caused by studied venom components. But, the mechanisms of the changes we found require additional researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Gunas
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Law, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Maievskyi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Educational and Scientific Center Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tatyana Synelnyk
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Center Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Raksha
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Center Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Vovk
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Center Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Halenova
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Center Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Olexiy Savchuk
- Department of Biochemistry, Educational and Scientific Center Institute of Biology and Medicine, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Gunas
- Department of Human Anatomy, National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya, Ukraine
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12
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de Cavanagh EMV, Inserra F, Ferder L. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors positively impact on multiple aging regulatory pathways: Could they be used to protect against human aging? Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16094. [PMID: 38924381 PMCID: PMC11200104 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS)-a classical blood pressure regulator-largely contributes to healthy organ development and function. Besides, RAS activation promotes age-related changes and age-associated diseases, which are attenuated/abolished by RAS-blockade in several mammalian species. RAS-blockers also increase rodent lifespan. In previous work, we discussed how RAS-blockade downregulates mTOR and growth hormone/IGF-1 signaling, and stimulates AMPK activity (together with klotho, sirtuin, and vitamin D-receptor upregulation), and proposed that at least some of RAS-blockade's aging benefits are mediated through regulation of these intermediaries and their signaling to mitochondria. Here, we included RAS-blockade's impact on other aging regulatory pathways, that is, TGF-ß, NF-kB, PI3K, MAPK, PKC, Notch, and Wnt, all of which affect mitochondria. No direct evidence is available on RAS/RAS-blockade-aging regulatory pathway-mitochondria interactions. However, existing results allow to conjecture that RAS-blockers neutralize mitochondrial dysfunction by acting on the discussed pathways. The reviewed evidence led us to propose that the foundation is laid for conducting clinical trials aimed at testing whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)-even at subclinical doses-offer the possibility to live longer and in better health. As ACEi and ARB are low cost and well-tolerated anti-hypertension therapies in use for over 35 years, investigating their administration to attenuate/prevent aging effects seems simple to implement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Felipe Inserra
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
- Master of Vascular Mechanics and Arterial Hypertension, Postgraduate DepartmentAustral UniversityPilarArgentina
| | - León Ferder
- Department of MedicineMaimonides UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
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13
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Calvo A, Pastor Y, Rosas-Val P, Gamazo C. Unveiling the immunomodulatory effect of the novel probiotic Akkermansia muciniphila and its protective effect in vitro. Microbiol Res 2024; 283:127677. [PMID: 38490028 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Akkermansia muciniphila, a bacterium found in the human microbiota, has gained interest due to its potential health benefits. Previous studies have linked its absence to inflammatory disorders, while also suggesting its role in maintaining a healthy gut barrier. However, there is limited information on its specific effects on the immune system. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the in vitro response triggered by A. muciniphila employing RAW 264.7 macrophages. The study focused on investigating the production of cytokines and nitric oxide, along with evaluating the expression of inflammatory surface cellular markers. Additionally, we assessed its potential to protect against intestinal infections, using Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis as a model. Our findings reveal a modulation effect of A. muciniphila with pro-inflammatory features, including the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of CD40 and CD80 surface markers, in contrast with previous reported data. Importantly, A. muciniphila could protect against Salmonella infection by promoting macrophage activation, appearing as a promising probiotic candidate for the control of intestinal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Calvo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Yadira Pastor
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Pablo Rosas-Val
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Carlos Gamazo
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona 31008, Spain.
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14
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Jha A, Moore E. Laminin-derived peptide, IKVAV, modulates macrophage phenotype through integrin mediation. Matrix Biol Plus 2024; 22:100143. [PMID: 38405086 PMCID: PMC10884775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2024.100143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are highly plastic immune cells known to exist on a spectrum of phenotypes including pro-inflammatory (M1) or pro-healing (M2). Macrophages interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands, such as fragments of collagen and laminin. Interaction of macrophages with ECM ligands is mediated through integrin receptors. However, the role of ECM ligands in directing macrophage function through integrins is not yet fully understood. Particularly, α2β1 has been implicated in modulating macrophage function, but complexity in mechanisms employed for integrin-ligation especially with laminin-derived peptides makes it challenging to understand macrophage-ECM interactions. We hypothesize that targeting α2β1 through laminin-derived peptide, IKVAV, will modulate macrophage phenotype. In this work we: i) investigated macrophage response to IKVAV in 2D and in a 3D platform, and ii) identified α2β1's role as it pertains to macrophage modulation via IKVAV. Soluble IKVAV treatment significantly reduced M1 markers and increased M2 markers via immunocytochemistry and gene expression. While the 3D ECM-mimicking PEG-IKVAV hydrogels did not have significant effects in modulating macrophage phenotype, we found that macrophage modulation via IKVAV is dependent on the concentration of peptide used and duration of exposure. To investigate integrin-ligand interactions for macrophages, α2β1 signaling was modulated by antagonists and agonists. We observed that blocking α2β1 reduces M1 activation. To understand integrin-ligand interactions and leveraging the therapeutic ability of macrophages in designing immunomodulatory solutions, it is critical to elucidate IKVAV's role in mediating macrophage phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakanksha Jha
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Erika Moore
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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15
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Fedosova N, Chumak A, Cheremshenko N, Karaman O, Symchych T, Voyeykova I. IN VIVO STUDY OF POTENTIAL MECHANISMS OF MACROPHAGE REPOLARIZATION ON THE BACKGROUND OF TUMOR GROWTH. Exp Oncol 2024; 46:30-37. [PMID: 38852055 DOI: 10.15407/exp-oncology.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the activity of antitumor immunity effectors and to analyze possible mechanisms of peritoneal Mph M1/M2 repolarization of Balb/c mice under the influence of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 in the dynamics of the model tumor growth. MATERIALS AND METHODS Studies were performed on Balb/c mice; Ehrlich adenocarcinoma (АСЕ) was used as an experimental tumor. Lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 was administered to ACE-bearing mice at a dose of 1 mg/kg of body weight, 10 times. Immunological testing was performed on days 21 and 28 after tumor grafting. The functional activity of peritoneal macrophages (Mph), natural killer (NK) cells, cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL), and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-4) were studied by the standard methods. mRNA expression levels of transcription factors STAT-1, STAT-6, IRF5, and IRF4 in Mph were evaluated. RESULTS The administration of lectin from B. subtilis IMV B-7724 to mice with solid ACE led to the preservation of the initial functional state of peritoneal Mph M1 during the experiment. The bacterial lectin ensured the preservation of the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T-lymphocytes and a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the NK activity (by 2.7 times compared to the intact animals and by 12.9 times compared to the untreated mice). A strong positive correlation was noted between the levels of the functional activity of Mph and CD8+ T-lymphocytes of animals with tumors and the indices of the antitumor effectiveness of bacterial lectin. The indirect polarization of Mph was evidenced by a strong positive correlation between the level of the NO/Arg ratio (which characterizes the direction of Mph polarization) and the cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T-lymphocytes, NK cells, and the expression of STAT1/STAT6 (the 21st day) and IRF5/IRF4 (the 28th day). CONCLUSION In ACE-bearing mice, repolarization of the peritoneal Mph toward M1 can occur not only due to the direct action of bacterial lectin on the cellular receptors but also with the involvement of other effectors of antitumor immunity (NK cells, T-lymphocytes). The transcription factors of the STAT and IRF signaling pathways are involved in the polarization process.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/immunology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor/metabolism
- Bacillus subtilis
- Cytokines/metabolism
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fedosova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - A Chumak
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - N Cheremshenko
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - O Karaman
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - T Symchych
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - I Voyeykova
- R.E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology of the NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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Tezuka H, Imai S. Fine-tuning of mononuclear phagocytes for improved inflammatory responses: role of soybean-derived immunomodulatory compounds. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1399687. [PMID: 38854165 PMCID: PMC11157127 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1399687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The concept of inflammation encompasses beneficial and detrimental aspects, which are referred to as infectious and sterile inflammations, respectively. Infectious inflammation plays a crucial role in host defense, whereas sterile inflammation encompasses allergic, autoimmune, and lifestyle-related diseases, leading to detrimental effects. Dendritic cells and macrophages, both of which are representative mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), are essential for initiating immune responses, suggesting that the regulation of MNPs limits excessive inflammation. In this context, dietary components with immunomodulatory properties have been identified. Among them, soybean-derived compounds, including isoflavones, saponins, flavonoids, and bioactive peptides, act directly on MNPs to fine-tune immune responses. Notably, some soybean-derived compounds have demonstrated the ability to alleviate the symptom of allergy and autoimmunity in mouse models. In this review, we introduce and summarize the roles of soybean-derived compounds on MNP-mediated inflammatory responses. Understanding the mechanism by which soybean-derived molecules regulate MNPs could provide valuable insights for designing safe immunomodulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University (FHU), Aichi, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Imai
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University (FHU), Aichi, Japan
- School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Metabolic Function, Kanagawa, Japan
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17
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Stoyanova E, Mihaylova N, Ralchev N, Bradyanova S, Manoylov I, Raynova Y, Idakieva K, Tchorbanov A. Immunotherapeutic Potential of Mollusk Hemocyanins in Murine Model of Melanoma. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:220. [PMID: 38786612 PMCID: PMC11122751 DOI: 10.3390/md22050220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of antitumor drugs and therapy requires new approaches and molecules, and products of natural origin provide intriguing alternatives for antitumor research. Gastropodan hemocyanins-multimeric copper-containing glycoproteins have been used in therapeutic vaccines and antitumor agents in many cancer models. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established a murine model of melanoma by challenging C57BL/6 mice with a B16F10 cell line for solid tumor formation in experimental animals. The anticancer properties of hemocyanins isolated from the marine snail Rapana thomasiana (RtH) and the terrestrial snail Helix aspersa (HaH) were evaluated in this melanoma model using various schemes of therapy. Flow cytometry, ELISA, proliferation, and cytotoxicity assays, as well as histology investigations, were also performed. RESULTS Beneficial effects on tumor growth, tumor incidence, and survival of tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice after administration of the RtH or HaH were observed. The generation of high titers of melanoma-specific IgM antibodies, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and tumor-specific CTLs, and high levels of tumor-infiltrated M1 macrophages enhanced the immune reaction and tumor suppression. DISCUSSION Both RtH and HaH exhibited promising properties for applications as antitumor therapeutic agents and future experiments with humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliya Stoyanova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikolina Mihaylova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Nikola Ralchev
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Silviya Bradyanova
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Iliyan Manoylov
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
| | - Yuliana Raynova
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Krassimira Idakieva
- Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (Y.R.); (K.I.)
| | - Andrey Tchorbanov
- Department of Immunology, Stefan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, Block 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (E.S.); (N.M.); (N.R.); (S.B.); (I.M.)
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18
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Ferreira EA, Clements JE, Veenhuis RT. HIV-1 Myeloid Reservoirs - Contributors to Viral Persistence and Pathogenesis. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2024; 21:62-74. [PMID: 38411842 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-024-00692-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV reservoirs are the main barrier to cure. CD4+ T cells have been extensively studied as the primary HIV-1 reservoir. However, there is substantial evidence that HIV-1-infected myeloid cells (monocytes/macrophages) also contribute to viral persistence and pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in animal models and people with HIV-1 demonstrate that myeloid cells are cellular reservoirs of HIV-1. HIV-1 genomes and viral RNA have been reported in circulating monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages from the brain, urethra, gut, liver, and spleen. Importantly, viral outgrowth assays have quantified persistent infectious virus from monocyte-derived macrophages and tissue-resident macrophages. The myeloid cell compartment represents an important target of HIV-1 infection. While myeloid reservoirs may be more difficult to measure than CD4+ T cell reservoirs, they are long-lived, contribute to viral persistence, and, unless specifically targeted, will prevent an HIV-1 cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edna A Ferreira
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA.
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Gopalakrishnan B, Galili U, Dunbar A, Solorio L, Shi R, Li J. α-Gal Nanoparticles in CNS Trauma: I. In Vitro Activation of Microglia Towards a Pro-Healing State. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2024; 21:409-419. [PMID: 38099990 PMCID: PMC10987450 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-023-00613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophages and microglia play critical roles after spinal cord injury (SCI), with the pro-healing, anti-inflammatory (M2) subtype being implicated in tissue repair. We hypothesize that promoting this phenotype within the post-injured cord microenvironment may provide beneficial effects for mitigating tissue damage. As a proof of concept, we propose the use of nanoparticles incorporating the carbohydrate antigen, galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-gal epitope) as an immunomodulator to transition human microglia (HMC3) cells toward a pro-healing state. METHODS Quiescent HMC3 cells were acutely exposed to α-gal nanoparticles in the presence of human serum and subsequently characterized for changes in cell shape, expression of anti or pro-inflammatory markers, and secretion of phenotype-specific cytokines. RESULTS HMC3 cells treated with serum activated α-gal nanoparticles exhibited rapid enlargement and shape change in addition to expressing CD68. Moreover, these activated cells showed increased expression of anti-inflammatory markers like Arginase-1 and CD206 without increasing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α or IL-6. CONCLUSION This study is the first to show that resting human microglia exposed to a complex of α-gal nanoparticles and anti-Gal (from human serum) can be activated and polarized toward a putative M2 state. The data suggests that α-gal nanoparticles may have therapeutic relevance to the CNS microenvironment, in both recruiting and polarizing macrophages/microglia at the application site. The immunomodulatory activity of these α-gal nanoparticles post-SCI is further described in the companion work (Part II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavani Gopalakrishnan
- Center for Paralysis Research (VCPR), Purdue University, 408 S. University St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Uri Galili
- Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - August Dunbar
- Center for Paralysis Research (VCPR), Purdue University, 408 S. University St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Riyi Shi
- Center for Paralysis Research (VCPR), Purdue University, 408 S. University St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jianming Li
- Center for Paralysis Research (VCPR), Purdue University, 408 S. University St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
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20
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Selvakumar B, Sekar P, Samsudin AR. Intestinal macrophages in pathogenesis and treatment of gut leakage: current strategies and future perspectives. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:607-619. [PMID: 38198217 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play key roles in tissue homeostasis, defense, disease, and repair. Macrophages are highly plastic and exhibit distinct functional phenotypes based on micro-environmental stimuli. In spite of several advancements in understanding macrophage biology and their different functional phenotypes in various physiological and pathological conditions, currently available treatment strategies targeting macrophages are limited. Macrophages' high plasticity and diverse functional roles-including tissue injury and wound healing mechanisms-mark them as potential targets to mine for efficient therapeutics to treat diseases. Despite mounting evidence on association of gut leakage with several extraintestinal diseases, there is no targeted standard therapy to treat gut leakage. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop therapeutic strategies to treat this condition. Macrophages are the cells that play the largest role in interacting with the gut microbiota in the intestinal compartment and exert their intended functions in injury and repair mechanisms. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge on the origins and phenotypes of macrophages. The specific role of macrophages in intestinal barrier function, their role in tissue repair mechanisms, and their association with gut microbiota are discussed. In addition, currently available therapies and the putative tissue repair mediators of macrophages for treating microbiota dysbiosis induced gut leakage are also discussed. The overall aim of this review is to convey the intense need to screen for microbiota induced macrophage-released prorepair mediators, which could lead to the identification of potential candidates that could be developed for treating the leaky gut and associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Selvakumar
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyadharshini Sekar
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Rani Samsudin
- Department of Microbiota, Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City Road, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
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21
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Alvarez MR, Alkaissi H, Rieger AM, Esber GR, Acosta ME, Stephenson SI, Maurice AV, Valencia LMR, Roman CA, Alarcon JM. The immunomodulatory effect of oral NaHCO 3 is mediated by the splenic nerve: multivariate impact revealed by artificial neural networks. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:79. [PMID: 38549144 PMCID: PMC10976719 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Stimulation of the inflammatory reflex (IR) is a promising strategy for treating systemic inflammatory disorders. Recent studies suggest oral sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a potential activator of the IR, offering a safe and cost-effective treatment approach. However, the mechanisms underlying NaHCO3-induced anti-inflammatory effects remain unclear. We investigated whether oral NaHCO3's immunomodulatory effects are mediated by the splenic nerve. Female rats received NaHCO3 or water (H2O) for four days, and splenic immune markers were assessed using flow cytometry. NaHCO3 led to a significant increase (p < 0.05, and/or partial eta squared > 0.06) in anti-inflammatory markers, including CD11bc + CD206 + (M2-like) macrophages, CD3 + CD4 + FoxP3 + cells (Tregs), and Tregs/M1-like ratio. Conversely, proinflammatory markers, such as CD11bc + CD38 + TNFα + (M1-like) macrophages, M1-like/M2-like ratio, and SSChigh/SSClow ratio of FSChighCD11bc + cells, decreased in the spleen following NaHCO3 administration. These effects were abolished in spleen-denervated rats, suggesting the necessity of the splenic nerve in mediating NaHCO3-induced immunomodulation. Artificial neural networks accurately classified NaHCO3 and H2O treatment in sham rats but failed in spleen-denervated rats, highlighting the splenic nerve's critical role. Additionally, spleen denervation independently influenced Tregs, M2-like macrophages, Tregs/M1-like ratio, and CD11bc + CD38 + cells, indicating distinct effects from both surgery and treatment. Principal component analysis (PCA) further supported the separate effects. Our findings suggest that the splenic nerve transmits oral NaHCO3-induced immunomodulatory changes to the spleen, emphasizing NaHCO3's potential as an IR activator with therapeutic implications for a wide spectrum of systemic inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Rodriguez Alvarez
- School of Graduate Studies & Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
- Department of Rheumatology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, 450 Clarkson Ave, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | - Hussam Alkaissi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolic Diseases, NIH/NIDDK, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aja M Rieger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillem R Esber
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Manuel E Acosta
- Mathematics and Computer Sciences Department, Barry University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stacy I Stephenson
- Division of Comparative Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Allison V Maurice
- Division of Comparative Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Christopher A Roman
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Juan Marcos Alarcon
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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22
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Benesova I, Capkova L, Ozaniak A, Pacas P, Kopeckova K, Galova D, Lischke R, Buchler T, Ozaniak Strizova Z. A comprehensive analysis of CD47 expression in various histological subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma: exploring novel opportunities for macrophage-directed treatments. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:134. [PMID: 38493445 PMCID: PMC10944806 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The CD47 molecule, often referred to as the "do not eat me" signal, is frequently overexpressed in tumor cells. This signaling pathway limits phagocytosis by macrophages. Our objective was to determine CD47 abundance in various soft tissue sarcomas (STS) to investigate whether it could serve as a potential evasion mechanism for tumor cells. Additionally, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of CD47 expression by examining its association with different clinicopathological factors. This study aimed to elucidate the significance of CD47 in the context of emerging anti-tumor targeting approaches. METHODS In this retrospective study, formalin-fixed paraffine-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues of 55 treatment-naïve patients were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for the abundance of CD47 molecule on tumor cells. The categorization of CD47 positivity was as follows: 0 (no staining of tumor cells), 1 + (less than 1/3 of tumor area positive), 2 + (between 1/3 and 2/3 of tumor area positive), and 3 + (more than 2/3 of tumor area positive for CD47). Next, we compared CD47 abundance between different tumor grades (G1-3). We used Kaplan-Meier survival curves with log-rank test to analyze the differences in survival between patients with different CD47 expression. Moreover, we performed Cox proportional hazards regression model to evaluate the clinical significance of CD47. RESULTS CD47 is widely prevalent across distinct STS subtypes. More than 80% of high grade undifferentiated pleiomorphic sarcoma (UPS), 70% of myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) and more than 60% of liposarcoma (LPS) samples displayed a pattern of moderate-to-diffuse positivity. This phenomenon remains consistent regardless of the tumor grade. However, there was a tendency for higher CD47 expression levels in the G3 group compared to the combined G1 + G2 groups when all LPS, MFS, and UPS were analyzed together. No significant associations were observed between CD47 abundance, death, and metastatic status. Additionally, high CD47 expression was associated with a statistically significant increase in progression-free survival in the studied cohort of patients. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of the CD47 molecule as a promising immunotherapeutic target in STS, particularly given its elevated expression levels in diverse sarcoma types. Our data showed a notable trend linking CD47 expression to tumor grade, while also suggesting an interesting correlation between enhanced abundance of CD47 expression and a reduced hazard risk of disease progression. Although these findings shed light on different roles of CD47 in STS, further research is crucial to assess its potential in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Benesova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic
| | - Linda Capkova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Andrej Ozaniak
- Third Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Pacas
- Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kopeckova
- Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominika Galova
- Third Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Lischke
- Third Department of Surgery, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Buchler
- Department of Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ozaniak Strizova
- Department of Immunology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 150 06, Prague 5, Czech Republic.
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23
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Zambre S, Bangar N, Mistry A, Katarmal P, Khan MS, Ahmed I, Tupe R, Roy B. Aldosterone, Methylglyoxal, and Glycated Albumin Interaction with Macrophage Cells Affects Their Viability, Activation, and Differentiation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11848-11859. [PMID: 38497023 PMCID: PMC10938338 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inflammatory response in diabetes is strongly correlated with increasing amounts of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), methylglyoxal (MGO), aldosterone (Aldo), and activation of macrophages. Aldo is known to be associated with increased pro-inflammatory responses in general, but its significance in inflammatory responses under glycated circumstances has yet to be understood. In the current work, the aim of our study was to study the macrophage immune response in the presence of AGEs, MGO, and Aldo to comprehend their combined impact on diabetes-associated complications. METHODS AND RESULTS The viability of macrophages upon treatment with glycated HSA (Gly-HSA) promoted cell growth as the concentration increased from 100 to 500 μg/mL, whereas MGO at a high concentration (≥300 μM) significantly hampered cell growth. At lower concentrations (0.5-5 nM), Aldo strongly promoted cell growth, whereas at higher concentrations (50 nM), it was seen to inhibit growth when used for cell treatment for 24 h. Aldo had no effect on MGO-induced cell growth inhibition after 24 h of treatment. However, compared to MGO or Aldo treatment alone, an additional decrease in viability could be seen after 48 h of treatment with a combination of MGO and Aldo. Treatment with Aldo and MGO induced expression of TNF-α independently and when combined. However, when combined, Aldo and MGO significantly suppressed the expression of TGF-β. Aldo, Gly-HSA, and MGO strongly induced the transcription of NF-κB and RAGE mRNA and, as expected, also promoted the formation of reactive oxygen species. Also, by inducing iNOS and MHC-II and suppressing CD206 transcript expression, Gly-HSA strongly favored the differentiation of macrophages into M1 type (pro-inflammatory). On the other hand, the combination of Aldo and MGO strongly induced the expression of MHC-II, CD206, and ARG1 (M2 macrophage marker). These findings suggest that Gly-HSA, MGO, and Aldo differently influence macrophage survival, activation, and differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study gives an insight into the effects of glycated protein and MGO in the presence of Aldo on macrophage survival, activation, differentiation, and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saee Zambre
- Symbiosis
School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis
International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nilima Bangar
- Symbiosis
School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis
International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Armaan Mistry
- Symbiosis
School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis
International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Poonam Katarmal
- Symbiosis
School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis
International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohd Shahnawaz Khan
- Department
of Biochemistry, College of Science, King
Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irshad Ahmed
- Department
of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Rashmi Tupe
- Symbiosis
School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis
International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bishnudeo Roy
- Symbiosis
School of Biological Sciences (SSBS), Symbiosis
International (Deemed University) (SIU), Lavale, Pune 412115, Maharashtra, India
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24
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Langley D, Zimmermann K, Krenske E, Stefanutti G, Kimble RM, Holland AJA, Fear MW, Wood FM, Kenna T, Cuttle L. Unremitting pro-inflammatory T-cell phenotypes, and macrophage activity, following paediatric burn injury. Clin Transl Immunology 2024; 13:e1496. [PMID: 38463658 PMCID: PMC10921233 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to characterise the dynamic immune profile of paediatric burn patients for up to 18 months post-burn. Methods Flow cytometry was used to measure 25 cell markers, chemokines and cytokines which reflected both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory immune profiles. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 6 paediatric burn patients who had returned for repeated burn and scar treatments for > 4 timepoints within 12 months post-burn were compared to four age-matched healthy controls. Results While overall proportions of T cells, NK cells and macrophages remained relatively constant, over time percentages of these immune cells differentiated into effector and proinflammatory cell phenotypes including Th17 and activated γδ T cells. Circulating proportions of γδ T cells increased their expression of pro-inflammatory mediators throughout the burn recovery, with a 3-6 fold increase of IL-17 at 1-3 weeks, and NFκβ 9-18 months post-burn. T-regulatory cell plasticity was also observed, and Treg phenotype proportions changed from systemically reduced skin-homing T-regs (CCR4+) and increased inflammatory (CCR6+) at 1-month post-burn, to double-positive cell types (CCR4+CCR6+) elevated in circulation for 18 months post-burn. Furthermore, Tregs were observed to proportionally express less IL-10 but increased TNF-α over 18 months. Conclusion Overall, these results indicate the circulating percentages of immune cells do not increase or decrease over time post-burn, instead they become highly specialised, inflammatory and skin-homing. In this patient population, these changes persisted for at least 18 months post-burn, this 'immune distraction' may limit the ability of immune cells to prioritise other threats post-burn, such as respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna Langley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CBT)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Kelvin GroveQLDAustralia
| | - Kate Zimmermann
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Emma Krenske
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Giorgio Stefanutti
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns and TraumaChildren's Health Queensland, Queensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Roy M Kimble
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Burns and TraumaChildren's Health Queensland, Queensland Children's HospitalSouth BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Andrew JA Holland
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead Burns Unit, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Kids Research InstituteSydney Medical School, The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical SciencesThe University of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Burns Service of Western AustraliaPerth Children's Hospital and Fiona Stanley HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Tony Kenna
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control (CIIC)QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology (QUT)BrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Leila Cuttle
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of HealthQueensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQLDAustralia
- Centre for Biomedical Technology (CBT)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)Kelvin GroveQLDAustralia
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25
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Manoharan RR, Prasad A, Pospíšil P, Kzhyshkowska J. ROS signaling in innate immunity via oxidative protein modifications. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1359600. [PMID: 38515749 PMCID: PMC10954773 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1359600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response represents the first-line of defense against invading pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been implicated in various aspects of innate immune function, which involves respiratory bursts and inflammasome activation. These reactive species widely distributed within the cellular environment are short-lived intermediates that play a vital role in cellular signaling and proliferation and are likely to depend on their subcellular site of formation. NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes is known to generate superoxide anion radical (O2 •-) that functions as a precursor for antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and H2O2 is utilized by myeloperoxidase (MPO) to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that mediates pathogen killing. H2O2 modulates the expression of redox-responsive transcriptional factors, namely NF-kB, NRF2, and HIF-1, thereby mediating redox-based epigenetic modification. Survival and function of immune cells are under redox control and depend on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. The current review focuses on redox factors involved in the activation of immune response and the role of ROS in oxidative modification of proteins in macrophage polarization and neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Prasad
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Pavel Pospíšil
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Julia Kzhyshkowska
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg - Hessen, Mannheim, Germany
- Laboratory of Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
- Laboratory of Genetic Technologies, Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
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26
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Schultze-Rhonhof L, Marzi J, Carvajal Berrio DA, Holl M, Braun T, Schäfer-Ruoff F, Andress J, Bachmann C, Templin M, Brucker SY, Schenke-Layland K, Weiss M. Human tissue-resident peritoneal macrophages reveal resistance towards oxidative cell stress induced by non-invasive physical plasma. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357340. [PMID: 38504975 PMCID: PMC10949891 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In the context of multimodal treatments for abdominal cancer, including procedures such as cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy, recurrence rates remain high, and long-term survival benefits are uncertain due to post-operative complications. Notably, treatment-limiting side effects often arise from an uncontrolled activation of the immune system, particularly peritoneally localized macrophages, leading to massive cytokine secretion and phenotype changes. Exploring alternatives, an increasing number of studies investigated the potential of plasma-activated liquids (PAL) for adjuvant peritoneal cancer treatment, aiming to mitigate side effects, preserve healthy tissue, and reduce cytotoxicity towards non-cancer cells. To assess the non-toxicity of PAL, we isolated primary human macrophages from the peritoneum and subjected them to PAL exposure. Employing an extensive methodological spectrum, including flow cytometry, Raman microspectroscopy, and DigiWest protein analysis, we observed a pronounced resistance of macrophages towards PAL. This resistance was characterized by an upregulation of proliferation and anti-oxidative pathways, countering PAL-derived oxidative stress-induced cell death. The observed cellular effects of PAL treatment on human tissue-resident peritoneal macrophages unveil a potential avenue for PAL-derived immunomodulatory effects within the human peritoneal cavity. Our findings contribute to understanding the intricate interplay between PAL and macrophages, shedding light on the promising prospects for PAL in the adjuvant treatment of peritoneal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Marzi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Alejandro Carvajal Berrio
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Myriam Holl
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Braun
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
- University Development, Research and Transfer, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Felix Schäfer-Ruoff
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Andress
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Bachmann
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Markus Templin
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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27
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Olguín JE, Corano-Arredondo E, Hernández-Gómez V, Rivera-Montoya I, Rodríguez MA, Medina-Andrade I, Arendse B, Brombacher F, Terrazas LI. A Myeloid-Specific Lack of IL-4Rα Prevents the Development of Alternatively Activated Macrophages and Enhances Immunity to Experimental Cysticercosis. Pathogens 2024; 13:169. [PMID: 38392907 PMCID: PMC10893369 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
To determine the role that the IL-4/IL13 receptor plays in the development of alternatively activated macrophages (AAM or M2) and their role in the regulation of immunity to the extraintestinal phase of the helminth parasite Taenia crassiceps, we followed the infection in a mouse strain lacking the IL-4Rα gene (IL-4Rα-/-) and in the macrophage/neutrophil-specific IL-4Rα-deficient mouse strain (LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox or cre/LoxP). While 100% of T. crassiceps-infected IL-4Rα+/+ (WT) mice harbored large parasite loads, more than 50% of th eIL-4Rα-/- mice resolved the infection. Approximately 88% of the LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox mice displayed a sterilizing immunity to the infection. The remaining few infected cre/LoxP mice displayed the lowest number of larvae in their peritoneal cavity. The inability of the WT mice to control the infection was associated with antigen-specific Th2-type responses with higher levels of IgG1, IL-4, IL-13, and total IgE, reduced NO production, and increased arginase activity. In contrast, IL-4Rα-/- semi-resistant mice showed a Th1/Th2 combined response. Furthermore, macrophages from the WT mice displayed higher transcripts for Arginase-1 and RELM-α, as well as increased expression of PD-L2 with robust suppressive activity over anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated T cells; all of these features are associated with the AAM or M2 macrophage phenotype. In contrast, both the IL-4Rα-/- and LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox mice did not fully develop AAM or display suppressive activity over CD3/CD28 stimulated T cells, reducing PDL2 expression. Additionally, T-CD8+ but no T-CD4+ cells showed a suppressive phenotype with increased Tim-3 and PD1 expression in WT and IL-4Rα-/-, which were absent in T. crassiceps-infected LysMcreIL-4Rα-/lox mice. These findings demonstrate a critical role for the IL-4 signaling pathway in sustaining AAM and its suppressive activity during cysticercosis, suggesting a pivotal role for AAM in favoring susceptibility to T. crassiceps infection. Thus, the absence of these suppressor cells is one of the leading mechanisms to control experimental cysticercosis successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonadab E. Olguín
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
| | - Edmundo Corano-Arredondo
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
| | - Victoria Hernández-Gómez
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
| | - Irma Rivera-Montoya
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Mario A. Rodríguez
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Itzel Medina-Andrade
- Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Department of Medicine, Hudinge, Karolinska Institutet, 141 52 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Berenice Arendse
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Frank Brombacher
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Luis I. Terrazas
- Laboratorio Nacional en Salud: Diagnóstico Molecular y Efecto Ambiental en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico; (J.E.O.)
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla 54090, Estado de México, Mexico
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Padovani CM, Yin K. Immunosuppression in Sepsis: Biomarkers and Specialized Pro-Resolving Mediators. Biomedicines 2024; 12:175. [PMID: 38255280 PMCID: PMC10813323 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe infection can lead to sepsis. In sepsis, the host mounts an inappropriately large inflammatory response in an attempt to clear the invading pathogen. This sustained high level of inflammation may cause tissue injury and organ failure. Later in sepsis, a paradoxical immunosuppression occurs, where the host is unable to clear the preexisting infection and is susceptible to secondary infections. A major issue with sepsis treatment is that it is difficult for physicians to ascertain which stage of sepsis the patient is in. Sepsis treatment will depend on the patient's immune status across the spectrum of the disease, and these immune statuses are nearly polar opposites in the early and late stages of sepsis. Furthermore, there is no approved treatment that can resolve inflammation without contributing to immunosuppression within the host. Here, we review the major mechanisms of sepsis-induced immunosuppression and the biomarkers of the immunosuppressive phase of sepsis. We focused on reviewing three main mechanisms of immunosuppression in sepsis. These are lymphocyte apoptosis, monocyte/macrophage exhaustion, and increased migration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The biomarkers of septic immunosuppression that we discuss include increased MDSC production/migration and IL-10 levels, decreased lymphocyte counts and HLA-DR expression, and increased GPR18 expression. We also review the literature on the use of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) in different models of infection and/or sepsis, as these compounds have been reported to resolve inflammation without being immunosuppressive. To obtain the necessary information, we searched the PubMed database using the keywords sepsis, lymphocyte apoptosis, macrophage exhaustion, MDSCs, biomarkers, and SPMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina M. Padovani
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan-Virtua School of Translational Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Virtua Health College of Life Sciences of Rowan University, Stratford, NJ 08084, USA;
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Selig M, Poehlman L, Lang NC, Völker M, Rolauffs B, Hart ML. Prediction of six macrophage phenotypes and their IL-10 content based on single-cell morphology using artificial intelligence. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1336393. [PMID: 38239351 PMCID: PMC10794337 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1336393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The last decade has led to rapid developments and increased usage of computational tools at the single-cell level. However, our knowledge remains limited in how extracellular cues alter quantitative macrophage morphology and how such morphological changes can be used to predict macrophage phenotype as well as cytokine content at the single-cell level. Methods Using an artificial intelligence (AI) based approach, this study determined whether (i) accurate macrophage classification and (ii) prediction of intracellular IL-10 at the single-cell level was possible, using only morphological features as predictors for AI. Using a quantitative panel of shape descriptors, our study assessed image-based original and synthetic single-cell data in two different datasets in which CD14+ monocyte-derived macrophages generated from human peripheral blood monocytes were initially primed with GM-CSF or M-CSF followed by polarization with specific stimuli in the presence/absence of continuous GM-CSF or M-CSF. Specifically, M0, M1 (GM-CSF-M1, TNFα/IFNγ-M1, GM-CSF/TNFα/IFNγ-M1) and M2 (M-CSF-M2, IL-4-M2a, M-CSF/IL-4-M2a, IL-10-M2c, M-CSF/IL-10-M2c) macrophages were examined. Results Phenotypes were confirmed by ELISA and immunostaining of CD markers. Variations of polarization techniques significantly changed multiple macrophage morphological features, demonstrating that macrophage morphology is a highly sensitive, dynamic marker of phenotype. Using original and synthetic single-cell data, cell morphology alone yielded an accuracy of 93% for the classification of 6 different human macrophage phenotypes (with continuous GM-CSF or M-CSF). A similarly high phenotype classification accuracy of 95% was reached with data generated with different stimuli (discontinuous GM-CSF or M-CSF) and measured at a different time point. These comparably high accuracies clearly validated the here chosen AI-based approach. Quantitative morphology also allowed prediction of intracellular IL-10 with 95% accuracy using only original data. Discussion Thus, image-based machine learning using morphology-based features not only (i) classified M0, M1 and M2 macrophages but also (ii) classified M2a and M2c subtypes and (iii) predicted intracellular IL-10 at the single-cell level among six phenotypes. This simple approach can be used as a general strategy not only for macrophage phenotyping but also for prediction of IL-10 content of any IL-10 producing cell, which can help improve our understanding of cytokine biology at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mischa Selig
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Logan Poehlman
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Nils C Lang
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marita Völker
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Bernd Rolauffs
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Melanie L Hart
- G.E.R.N. Research Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center-Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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Hua R, Gao H, He C, Xin S, Wang B, Zhang S, Gao L, Tao Q, Wu W, Sun F, Xu J. An emerging view on vascular fibrosis molecular mediators and relevant disorders: from bench to bed. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1273502. [PMID: 38179503 PMCID: PMC10764515 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1273502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular fibrosis is a widespread pathologic condition that arises during vascular remodeling in cardiovascular dysfunctions. According to previous studies, vascular fibrosis is characterized by endothelial matrix deposition and vascular wall thickening. The RAAS and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways have been frequently highlighted. It is, however, far from explicit in terms of understanding the cause and progression of vascular fibrosis. In this review, we collected and categorized a large number of molecules which influence the fibrosing process, in order to acquire a better understanding of vascular fibrosis, particularly of pathologic dysfunction. Furthermore, several mediators that prevent vascular fibrosis are discussed in depth in this review, with the aim that this will contribute to the future prevention and treatment of related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxuan Hua
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chengwei He
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzi Xin
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Holistic Integrative Management of Gastrointestinal Cancers, Beijing Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Sitian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Tao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- Experimental Center for Morphological Research Platform, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fangling Sun
- Department of Experimental Animal Laboratory, Xuan-Wu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdong Xu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Echeverria-Villalobos M, Tortorici V, Brito BE, Ryskamp D, Uribe A, Weaver T. The role of neuroinflammation in the transition of acute to chronic pain and the opioid-induced hyperalgesia and tolerance. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1297931. [PMID: 38161698 PMCID: PMC10755684 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1297931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that activation of glial and immune cells leads to increased production of proinflammatory mediators, creating a neuroinflammatory state. Neuroinflammation has been proven to be a fundamental mechanism in the genesis of acute pain and its transition to neuropathic and chronic pain. A noxious event that stimulates peripheral afferent nerve fibers may also activate pronociceptive receptors situated at the dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn of the spinal cord, as well as peripheral glial cells, setting off the so-called peripheral sensitization and spreading neuroinflammation to the brain. Once activated, microglia produce cytokines, chemokines, and neuropeptides that can increase the sensitivity and firing properties of second-order neurons, upregulating the signaling of nociceptive information to the cerebral cortex. This process, known as central sensitization, is crucial for chronification of acute pain. Immune-neuronal interactions are also implicated in the lesser-known complex regulatory relationship between pain and opioids. Current evidence suggests that activated immune and glial cells can alter neuronal function, induce, and maintain pathological pain, and disrupt the analgesic effects of opioid drugs by contributing to the development of tolerance and dependence, even causing paradoxical hyperalgesia. Such alterations may occur when the neuronal environment is impacted by trauma, inflammation, and immune-derived molecules, or when opioids induce proinflammatory glial activation. Hence, understanding these intricate interactions may help in managing pain signaling and opioid efficacy beyond the classical pharmacological approach.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor Tortorici
- Neuroscience Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Metropolitana, Caracas, Venezuela
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Center of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Beatriz E. Brito
- Immunopathology Laboratory, Center of Experimental Medicine, Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - David Ryskamp
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Alberto Uribe
- Anesthesiology Department, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Tristan Weaver
- Anesthesiology Department, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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Wu Y, Luo J, Xu B. Network pharmacology and bioinformatics to identify the molecular mechanisms of Gleditsiae Spina against colorectal cancer. Curr Res Toxicol 2023; 5:100139. [PMID: 38059131 PMCID: PMC10696432 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2023.100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective In this study, network pharmacology, bioinformatics and molecular docking were used to explore the active phytochemicals, hub genes, and potential molecular mechanisms of Gleditsiae Spina in treating of colorectal cancer.. Methods The targets of Gleditsiae Spina, and targets related to CRC were derived from databases. We identified the hub genes for Gleditsiae Spina anti-colorectal cancer following the protein-protein-interaction (PPI) network. Furthermore, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment were used to analyze the hub genes from a macro perspective. Finally, we verified the hub genes by molecular docking, GEPIA, HPA, and starBase database. Results We identified nine active phytochemicals and 36 intersection targets. The GO enrichment analysis results showed that Gleditsiae Spina may be involved in gene targets affecting multiple biological processes, including response to radiation, response to ionizing radiation, cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex, serine/threonine protein kinase complex, cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity and protein kinase regulator activity. KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that the P53 signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were mainly related to the effect of Gleditsiae Spina on colorectal cancer. Molecular docking analysis suggested that the active phytochemicals of Gleditsiae Spina could combine well with hub genes (PTGS1, PIK3CG, CCND1, CXCL8 and ADRB2). Conclusion This study provides clues for further study of anti-CRC phytochemicals as well as their mechanisms of provides a basis for their development model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzi Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhai Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS and Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai 519087, China
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Kijima K, Ono G, Kobayakawa K, Saiwai H, Hara M, Yoshizaki S, Yokota K, Saito T, Tamaru T, Iura H, Haruta Y, Kitade K, Utsunomiya T, Konno D, Edgerton VR, Liu CY, Sakai H, Maeda T, Kawaguchi K, Matsumoto Y, Okada S, Nakashima Y. Zinc deficiency impairs axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury by modulating macrophage polarization via NF-κB pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1290100. [PMID: 38022538 PMCID: PMC10666775 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating disease that results in permanent paralysis. Currently, there is no effective treatment for SCI, and it is important to identify factors that can provide therapeutic intervention during the course of the disease. Zinc, an essential trace element, has attracted attention as a regulator of inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the effect of zinc status on the SCI pathology and whether or not zinc could be a potential therapeutic target. Methods We created experimental mouse models with three different serum zinc concentration by changing the zinc content of the diet. After inducing contusion injury to the spinal cord of three mouse models, we assessed inflammation, apoptosis, demyelination, axonal regeneration, and the number of nuclear translocations of NF-κB in macrophages by using qPCR and immunostaining. In addition, macrophages in the injured spinal cord of these mouse models were isolated by flow cytometry, and their intracellular zinc concentration level and gene expression were examined. Functional recovery was assessed using the open field motor score, a foot print analysis, and a grid walk test. Statistical analysis was performed using Wilcoxon rank-sum test and ANOVA with the Tukey-Kramer test. Results In macrophages after SCI, zinc deficiency promoted nuclear translocation of NF-κB, polarization to pro-inflammatory like phenotype and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inflammatory response exacerbated by zinc deficiency led to worsening motor function by inducing more apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and demyelination and inhibiting axonal regeneration in the lesion site compared to the normal zinc condition. Furthermore, zinc supplementation after SCI attenuated these zinc-deficiency-induced series of responses and improved motor function. Conclusion We demonstrated that zinc affected axonal regeneration and motor functional recovery after SCI by negatively regulating NF-κB activity and the subsequent inflammatory response in macrophages. Our findings suggest that zinc supplementation after SCI may be a novel therapeutic strategy for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kijima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Gentaro Ono
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazu Kobayakawa
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Saiwai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Hara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shingo Yoshizaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yokota
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeyuki Saito
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Tamaru
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Iura
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Haruta
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kitade
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Utsunomiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daijiro Konno
- Department of Energy and Materials, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - V. Reggie Edgerton
- Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Research Institute, Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
- Institut Guttmann. Hospital de Neurorehabilitació, Institut Universitari adscrit a la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Badalona, Spain
| | - Charles Y. Liu
- Neurorestoration Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Rancho Research Institute, Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, United States
| | - Hiroaki Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Maeda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spinal Injuries Center, Iizuka, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kawaguchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Nakashima
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Therkildsen JR, Tingskov SJ, Jensen MS, Praetorius H, Nørregaard R. P2X 7 accelerate tissue fibrosis via metalloproteinase 8-dependent macrophage infiltration in a murine model of unilateral ureteral obstruction. Physiol Rep 2023; 11:e15878. [PMID: 37994252 PMCID: PMC10665779 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is tightly associated with chronic kidney disease, irrespective of the underlying pathogenesis. We previously demonstrated mild antifibrotic effects of targeting the P2X7 receptor in a pyelonephritis model. Reduced P2X7 R-activation elevated the neutrophil-to-macrophage ratio, resulting in less matrix accumulation without affecting the initial tissue healing. Here, we test if this P2X7 R-dependent modification of matrix accumulation also applies to a noninfectious fibrosis model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (7dUUO) and whether the response is gender-dependent. We found that P2X7 -/- mice show reduced fibrosis compared to wild type after 7dUUO: the effect was most pronounced in females, with a 55% decrease in collagen deposition after 7dUUO (p < 0.0068). P2X7 R deficiency did not affect early fibrosis markers (TGF-β, α-SMA) or the renal infiltration of neutrophils. However, a UUO-induced increase in macrophages was observed in wildtypes only (p < 0.001), leaving the P2X7 -/- mice with ≈50% fewer CD68+ cells in the renal cortex (p = 0.018). In males, 7dUUO triggered an increase in diffusely interstitial scattering of the profibrotic, macrophage-attracting metalloproteinase MMP8 and showed significantly lower MMP8 tissue expression in both male and female P2X7 -/- mice (p < 0.0008). Thus, the P2X7 R is advocated as a late-stage fibrosis moderator by reducing neutrophil-dependent interstitial MMP8 release, resulting in less macrophage infiltration and reduced matrix accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rudjord Therkildsen
- Department of BiomedicineAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
- Department of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University HospitalAarhus NDenmark
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Dowling P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Cellular pathogenesis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: progressive myofibre degeneration, chronic inflammation, reactive myofibrosis and satellite cell dysfunction. Eur J Transl Myol 2023; 33:11856. [PMID: 37846661 PMCID: PMC10811648 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2023.11856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a highly progressive muscle wasting disease of early childhood and characterized by complex pathophysiological and histopathological changes in the voluntary contractile system, including myonecrosis, chronic inflammation, fat substitution and reactive myofibrosis. The continued loss of functional myofibres and replacement with non-contractile cells, as well as extensive tissue scarring and decline in tissue elasticity, leads to severe skeletal muscle weakness. In addition, dystrophic muscles exhibit a greatly diminished regenerative capacity to counteract the ongoing process of fibre degeneration. In normal muscle tissues, an abundant stem cell pool consisting of satellite cells that are localized between the sarcolemma and basal lamina, provides a rich source for the production of activated myogenic progenitor cells that are involved in efficient myofibre repair and tissue regeneration. Interestingly, the self-renewal of satellite cells for maintaining an essential pool of stem cells in matured skeletal muscles is increased in dystrophin-deficient fibres. However, satellite cell hyperplasia does not result in efficient recovery of dystrophic muscles due to impaired asymmetric cell divisions. The lack of expression of the full-length dystrophin isoform Dp427-M, which is due to primary defects in the DMD gene, appears to affect key regulators of satellite cell polarity causing a reduced differentiation of myogenic progenitors, which are essential for myofibre regeneration. This review outlines the complexity of dystrophinopathy and describes the importance of the pathophysiological role of satellite cell dysfunction. A brief discussion of the bioanalytical usefulness of single cell proteomics for future studies of satellite cell biology is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare.
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