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Nicze M, Dec A, Borówka M, Krzyżak D, Bołdys A, Bułdak Ł, Okopień B. Molecular Mechanisms behind Obesity and Their Potential Exploitation in Current and Future Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8202. [PMID: 39125772 PMCID: PMC11311839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease caused primarily by the imbalance between the amount of calories supplied to the body and energy expenditure. Not only does it deteriorate the quality of life, but most importantly it increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases and the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, leading to reduced life expectancy. In this review, we would like to present the molecular pathomechanisms underlying obesity, which constitute the target points for the action of anti-obesity medications. These include the central nervous system, brain-gut-microbiome axis, gastrointestinal motility, and energy expenditure. A significant part of this article is dedicated to incretin-based drugs such as GLP-1 receptor agonists (e.g., liraglutide and semaglutide), as well as the brand new dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide, all of which have become "block-buster" drugs due to their effectiveness in reducing body weight and beneficial effects on the patient's metabolic profile. Finally, this review article highlights newly designed molecules with the potential for future obesity management that are the subject of ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Nicze
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland (A.B.); (B.O.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Łukasz Bułdak
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Medyków 18, 40-752 Katowice, Poland (A.B.); (B.O.)
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Springer C, Binsch C, Weide D, Toska L, Cremer AL, Backes H, Scheel AK, Espelage L, Kotzka J, Sill S, Kurowski A, Kim D, Karpinski S, Schnurr TM, Hansen T, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Cames S, Brüning JC, Lienhard M, Herwig R, Börno S, Timmermann B, Al-Hasani H, Chadt A. Depletion of TBC1D4 Improves the Metabolic Exercise Response by Overcoming Genetically Induced Peripheral Insulin Resistance. Diabetes 2024; 73:1058-1071. [PMID: 38608276 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The Rab-GTPase-activating protein (RabGAP) TBC1D4 (AS160) represents a key component in the regulation of glucose transport into skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue (WAT) and is therefore crucial during the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Increased daily activity has been shown to be associated with improved postprandial hyperglycemia in allele carriers of a loss-of-function variant in the human TBC1D4 gene. Using conventional Tbc1d4-deficient mice (D4KO) fed a high-fat diet, we show that moderate endurance exercise training leads to substantially improved glucose and insulin tolerance and enhanced expression levels of markers for mitochondrial activity and browning in WAT from D4KO animals. Importantly, in vivo and ex vivo analyses of glucose uptake revealed increased glucose clearance in interscapular brown adipose tissue and WAT from trained D4KO mice. Thus, chronic exercise is able to overcome the genetically induced insulin resistance caused by Tbc1d4 depletion. Gene variants in TBC1D4 may be relevant in future precision medicine as determinants of exercise response. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Springer
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Binsch
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Deborah Weide
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laura Toska
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna L Cremer
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
| | - Heiko Backes
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anna K Scheel
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lena Espelage
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzka
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Sill
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anette Kurowski
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daebin Kim
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sandra Karpinski
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Cames
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens C Brüning
- Max Planck Institute for Metabolism Research, Department of Neuronal Control of Metabolism, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Herwig
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Börno
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Hadi Al-Hasani
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Chadt
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, Medical Faculty, German Diabetes Center (DDZ), Leibniz-Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, München-Neuherberg, Germany
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McGarry A, Hunter K, Gaughan J, Auinger P, Ferraro TN, Pradhan B, Ferrucci L, Egan JM, Moaddel R. An exploratory metabolomic comparison of participants with fast or absent functional progression from 2CARE, a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1101. [PMID: 38212353 PMCID: PMC10784537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is increasingly recognized for diverse pathology outside of the nervous system. To describe the biology of HD in relation to functional progression, we previously analyzed the plasma and CSF metabolome in a cross-sectional study of participants who had various degrees of functional impairment. Here, we carried out an exploratory study in plasma from HD individuals over a 3-year time frame to assess whether differences exist between those with fast or absent clinical progression. There were more differences in circulating metabolite levels for fast progressors compared to absent progressors (111 vs 20, nominal p < 0.05). All metabolite changes in faster progressors were decreases, whereas some metabolite concentrations increased in absent progressors. Many of the metabolite levels that decreased in the fast progressors were higher at Screening compared to absent progressors but ended up lower by Year 3. Changes in faster progression suggest greater oxidative stress and inflammation (kynurenine, diacylglycerides, cysteine), disturbances in nitric oxide and urea metabolism (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, GABR), lower polyamines (putrescine and spermine), elevated glucose, and deficient AMPK signaling. Metabolomic differences between fast and absent progressors suggest the possibility of predicting functional decline in HD, and possibly delaying it with interventions to augment arginine, polyamines, and glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGarry
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Krystal Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - John Gaughan
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Peggy Auinger
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Basant Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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Signals for Muscular Protein Turnover and Insulin Resistance in Critically Ill Patients: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051071. [PMID: 36904071 PMCID: PMC10005516 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia in critically ill patients is a highly prevalent comorbidity. It is associated with a higher mortality rate, length of mechanical ventilation, and probability of being sent to a nursing home after the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Despite the number of calories and proteins delivered, there is a complex network of signals of hormones and cytokines that affect muscle metabolism and its protein synthesis and breakdown in critically ill and chronic patients. To date, it is known that a higher number of proteins decreases mortality, but the exact amount needs to be clarified. This complex network of signals affects protein synthesis and breakdown. Some hormones regulate metabolism, such as insulin, insulin growth factor glucocorticoids, and growth hormone, whose secretion is affected by feeding states and inflammation. In addition, cytokines are involved, such as TNF-alpha and HIF-1. These hormones and cytokines have common pathways that activate muscle breakdown effectors, such as the ubiquitin-proteasome system, calpain, and caspase-3. These effectors are responsible for protein breakdown in muscles. Many trials have been conducted with hormones with different results but not with nutritional outcomes. This review examines the effect of hormones and cytokines on muscles. Knowing all the signals and pathways that affect protein synthesis and breakdown can be considered for future therapeutics.
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Venkat R, Verma E, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Dutta U, Ahn KS, Kunnumakkara AB. The Journey of Resveratrol from Vineyards to Clinics. Cancer Invest 2023; 41:183-220. [PMID: 35993769 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2022.2115057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
With rising technological advancements, several factors influence the lifestyle of people and stimulate chronic inflammation that severely affects the human body. Chronic inflammation leads to a broad range of physical and pathophysiological distress. For many years, non-steroidal drugs and corticosteroids were most frequently used in treating inflammation and related ailments. However, long-term usage of these drugs aggravates the conditions of chronic diseases and is presented with morbid side effects, especially in old age. Hence, the quest for safe and less toxic anti-inflammatory compounds of high therapeutic potential with least adverse side effects has shifted researchers' attention to ancient medicinal system. Resveratrol (RSV) - 3,4,5' trihydroxystilbene is one such naturally available polyphenolic stilbene derivative obtained from various plant sources. For over 2000 years, these plants have been used in Asian medicinal system for curing inflammation-associated disorders. There is a wealth of in vitro, in vivo and clinical evidence that shows RSV could induce anti-aging health benefits including, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, phytoesterogenic, and cardio protective properties. However, the issue of rapid elimination of RSV through the metabolic system and its low bio-availability is of paramount importance which is being studied extensively. Therefore, in this article, we scientifically reviewed the molecular targets, biological activities, beneficial and contradicting effects of RSV as evinced by clinical studies for the prevention and treatment of inflammation-mediated chronic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Venkat
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Uma Dutta
- Department of Zoology, Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Cotton University, Guwahati, India
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Cancer Biology Laboratory, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Goto A, Endo Y, Yamashita H. CREG1 stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:162-167. [PMID: 36528955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A-stimulated gene 1 (CREG1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in cell differentiation and energy metabolism. It also binds to insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), a protein implicated in muscle regeneration. However, whether CREG1 regulates the regeneration and metabolism of skeletal muscles via IGF2R remains unclear. This study investigates the role of CREG1 in skeletal muscle regeneration and glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced mouse skeletal muscle regeneration model. CTX-treated skeletal muscle showed significantly higher levels of IGF2R, CREG1, phospho-AMPKα Thr172, and GLUT4 proteins. Similarly, treatment of myotubes with CREG1 also stimulated AMPKα phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression. CREG1-induced AMPKα phosphorylation and 2DG uptake in myotubes were suppressed by IGF2R knockdown and Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that CREG1 stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscles partially through AMPK activation. Hence, CREG1 plays an essential role in muscle regeneration by affecting glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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Jung TW, Kim H, Park SY, Cho W, Oh H, Lee HJ, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH. Stachydrine alleviates lipid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance via AMPK/HO-1-mediated suppression of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2181-2191. [PMID: 35834165 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance develops due to skeletal muscle inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Stachydrine (STA), extracted from Leonurus heterophyllus, has been shown to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells and exert anti-inflammatory properties in the brain, heart, and liver. However, the roles of STA in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Herein, we examined the impacts of STA on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle under hyperlipidemic conditions and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS Various protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. Levels of mouse serum cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS We found that STA-ameliorated inflammation and ER stress, leading to attenuation of insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. STA dose-dependently enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and HO-1 expression. Administration of STA attenuated not only insulin resistance but also inflammation and ER stress in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Additionally, STA-ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as serum TNFα and MCP-1, in mice fed a HFD. Small interfering (si) RNA-associated suppression of AMPK or HO-1 expression abolished the effects of STA in C2C12 myocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that STA activates AMPK/HO-1 signaling, resulting in reduced inflammation and ER stress, thereby improving skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Using STA as a natural ingredient, this research successfully treated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - A Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - J H Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Bai J, Zhang S, Cao J, Sun H, Mang Z, Shen WL, Li H. Hernandezine, a natural herbal alkaloid, ameliorates type 2 diabetes by activating AMPK in two mouse models. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154366. [PMID: 35933900 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an effective target for treating diabetes. However, successful drug development is delayed due to issues including toxicity. Plant-derived natural product AMPK activators have emerged as a new way to treat diabetes due to its potential low safety risks. Here, we studied the effect of hernandezine (HER), a natural product derived from Thalictrum, in activating AMPK and treating T2D in mouse models. METHOD We tested HER in various cells and tissues, including primary hepatocytes, skeletal myotubes cell lines, as well as major metabolic tissues from diabetic (db/db) and diet-induced obesity (DIO) model mice. The effect of HER on glucose uptake via AMPK in vitro and in vivo was confirmed utilizing cell transfection and adenovirus interference analysis. Tissue staining assessed the effect of HER on adipogenesis. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) was applied to verify the effect of HER on transcription factors. Western blot analysis was used to determine the activation of phosphorylated AMPK and ACC pathways. RESULTS Biochemically, we found that HER prevented pAMPK from dephosphorylation to prolong its activity, disproving previous direct activation model and providing a new model to explain HER-mediated AMPK activation. HER could be orally delivered to animals and has a 3-fold long half-life in vivo as compared to metformin. Importantly, long-term oral HER treatment potently reduced body weight and blood glucose in both type 2 diabetes mullitus (T2DM) mouse models by increasing glucose disposal and reducing lipogenesis, and appeared not to induce cardiac hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Natural product HER indirectly activates AMPK by suppressing its dephosphorylation. Oral HER effectively alleviated hyperglycemia and reduced body weight in T2D mouse models, appeared to have a low risk of causing cardiac hypertrophy, and might be a potential therapeutic option for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jinjing Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hongbin Sun
- School of Life and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhiguo Mang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei L Shen
- School of Life and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
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Stimulation of GLUT4 Glucose Uptake by Anthocyanin-Rich Extract from Black Rice (Oryza sativa L.) via PI3K/Akt and AMPK/p38 MAPK Signaling in C2C12 Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090856. [PMID: 36144260 PMCID: PMC9503800 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanin from black rice was reported to have beneficial effects on diabetes, but the molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Black rice cultivated from different regions in Taiwan (Hualien and Changhua) were included in this study. Concentrations of anthocyanin were significantly higher using the ethanol extraction method than those using water; therefore, ethanol extracts from Hualien and Changhua black rice (HBRE and CBRE) were used for further investigation. 2-NBDG glucose uptake analysis revealed that both HBRE and CBRE promote glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. The membrane expression levels of GLUT4 and phosphorylation of IRS-1 also had been markedly increased by both HBRE and CBRE, which was in accordance with the glucose uptake results. CBRE did not affect the downstream of IRS-1 but significantly enhanced protein levels of p-AMPK/AMPK. In contrast, HBRE was shown to target various signaling participated in GLUT4 glucose uptake, including PI3K/Akt and the p38 MAPK/ERK. Overall, we demonstrated that anthocyanin-rich extracts from black rice stimulate GLUT4 glucose uptake via upregulation of PI3K/Akt and AMPK/p38 MAPK signaling in C2C12 myotubes. Our findings revealed that anthocyanin-rich black rice might be a promising functional food for the prevention and treatment of insulin resistance and diabetic hyperglycemia.
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Shi B, Shi X, Zuo Z, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Wang J, Zhou H, Luo Y, Hu J, Hickford JGH. Identification of differentially expressed genes at different post-natal development stages of longissimus dorsi muscle in Tianzhu white yak. Gene X 2022; 823:146356. [PMID: 35227854 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulatory mechanisms controlling post-natal muscle development in the yak (Bos grunniens) are still largely unknown, yet the growth and development of muscle is a complex process that plays a crucial role in determining the yield and quality of an animal's meat. In this study, we performed a transcriptome analysis based on the RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) of yak longissimus dorsi muscle tissue obtained from calves (6 months of age; 6 M), young adults (30 months of age; 30 M) and adult (54 months of age; 54 M) to identify which genes are differentially expressed and to investigate their temporal expression profiles. In total, 1788 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (|log2FC| ≥ 1, P-adjusted < 0.05) were detected by pairwise comparisons between the different age groups. The expression levels of 10 of the DEGs were confirmed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and the results were consistent with the transcriptome profile. A time-series expression profile analysis clustered the DEGs into four groups that could be divided into two classes (P < 0.05): class 1 profiles, which had up-regulated patterns of gene expression and class 2 profiles, which featured down-regulated patterns. Based on that cluster analysis, GO enrichment analysis revealed 1073, 127, and 184 terms as significantly enriched in biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF) categories in the class 1 profiles, while 714, 66, and 206 terms were significantly enriched in BP, CC, and MF in the class 2 profiles. A KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs from the class 1 profiles were enriched in 62 pathways, with the most enriched being the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) - protein kinase B (Akt)-signaling pathway. The DEGs from the class 2 profiles were enriched in 16 pathways, of which forkhead box protein O (FoxO) - signaling was the most enriched. Taken together, these results provide insight into the mechanisms of skeletal muscle development, as well suggesting some potential genes of importance for yak meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingang Shi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xuehong Shi
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhi Zuo
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Shijie Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhidong Zhao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiqing Wang
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Huitong Zhou
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand
| | - Yuzhu Luo
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology & Gansu Key Laboratory of Herbivorous Animal Biotechnology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jon G H Hickford
- Gene-Marker Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand.
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11
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Diabetes-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs: The Roles of DMARDs as Glucose-Lowering Agents. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58050571. [PMID: 35629988 PMCID: PMC9143119 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58050571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation represents a shared pathophysiological mechanism which underlies the frequent clinical associations among chronic inflammatory rheumatic diseases (CIRDs), insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and chronic diabetes complications, including cardiovascular disease. Therefore, targeted anti-inflammatory therapies are attractive and highly desirable interventions to concomitantly reduce rheumatic disease activity and to improve glucose control in patients with CIRDs and comorbid T2D. Therapeutic approaches targeting inflammation may also play a role in the prevention of prediabetes and diabetes in patients with CIRDs, particularly in those with traditional risk factors and/or on high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Recently, several studies have shown that different disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) used for the treatment of CIRDs exert antihyperglycemic properties by virtue of their anti-inflammatory, insulin-sensitizing, and/or insulinotropic effects. In this view, DMARDs are promising drug candidates that may potentially reduce rheumatic disease activity, ameliorate glucose control, and at the same time, prevent the development of diabetes-associated cardiovascular complications and metabolic dysfunctions. In light of their substantial antidiabetic actions, some DMARDs (such as hydroxychloroquine and anakinra) could be alternatively termed “diabetes-modifying antirheumatic drugs”, since they may be repurposed for co-treatment of rheumatic diseases and comorbid T2D. However, there is a need for future randomized controlled trials to confirm the beneficial metabolic and cardiovascular effects as well as the safety profile of distinct DMARDs in the long term. This narrative review aims to discuss the current knowledge about the mechanisms behind the antihyperglycemic properties exerted by a variety of DMARDs (including synthetic and biologic DMARDs) and the potential use of these agents as antidiabetic medications in clinical settings.
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12
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Kim HJ, Kim YJ, Seong JK. AMP-activated protein kinase activation in skeletal muscle modulates exercise-induced uncoupled protein 1 expression in brown adipocyte in mouse model. J Physiol 2022; 600:2359-2376. [PMID: 35301717 PMCID: PMC9322297 DOI: 10.1113/jp282999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Aerobic exercise is an effective intervention in preventing obesity and is also an important factor associated with thermogenesis. There is an increasing interest in the factors and mechanisms induced by aerobic exercise that can influence the metabolism and thermogenic activity in an individual. Recent studies suggest that exercise induced circulating factors (known as ‘exerkines’), which are able to modulate activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of white adipose tissue. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms associated with the effect of exercise‐induced peripheral factors on BAT activation remain poorly understood. Furthermore, the role of exercise training in BAT activation is still debatable. Hence, the purpose of our study is to assess whether exercise training affects the expression of uncoupled protein 1 (UCP1) in brown adipocytes via release of different blood factors. Four weeks of exercise training significantly decreased the body weight gain and fat mass gain. Furthermore, trained mice exhibit higher levels of energy expenditure and UCP1 expression than untrained mice. Surprisingly, treatment with serum from exercise‐trained mice increased the expression of UCP1 in differentiated brown adipocytes. To gain a better understanding of these mechanisms, we analysed the conditioned media obtained after treating the C2C12 myotubes with an AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator (AICAR; 5‐aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide ribonucleotide), which leads to an increased expression of UCP1 when added to brown adipocytes. Our observations suggest the possibility of aerobic exercise‐induced BAT activation via activation of AMPK in skeletal muscles. Key points Exercise promotes thermogenesis by activating uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which leads to a decrease in the body weight gain and body fat content. However, little is known about the role of exerkines in modulating UCP1 expression and subsequent brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation. Four weeks of voluntary wheel‐running exercise reduces body weight and fat content. Exercise induces the increase in AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and slow‐type muscle fibre marker genes in skeletal muscles and promotes UCP1 expression in white and brown adipose tissues. Incubation of brown adipocytes with serum isolated from exercise‐trained mice significantly increased their UCP1 gene and protein levels; moreover, conditioned media of AMPK‐activator‐treated C2C12 myotubes induces increased UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes. These results show that aerobic exercise‐induced skeletal muscle AMPK has a significant effect on UCP1 expression in BAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Ju Kim
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- The Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, BK21 Program for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center (KMPC), Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioinformatics, Program for Cancer Biology, BIO-MAX/N-Bio Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ericsson M, Steneberg P, Nyrén R, Edlund H. AMPK activator O304 improves metabolic and cardiac function, and exercise capacity in aged mice. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1306. [PMID: 34795407 PMCID: PMC8602430 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is associated with progressively impaired, metabolic, cardiac and vascular function, as well as reduced work/exercise capacity, mobility, and hence quality of life. Exercise exhibit positive effects on age-related dysfunctions and diseases. However, for a variety of reasons many aged individuals are unable to engage in regular physical activity, making the development of pharmacological treatments that mimics the beneficial effects of exercise highly desirable. Here we show that the pan-AMPK activator O304, which is well tolerated in humans, prevented and reverted age-associated hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, and improved cardiac function and exercise capacity in aged mice. These results provide preclinical evidence that O304 mimics the beneficial effects of exercise. Thus, as an exercise mimetic in clinical development, AMPK activator O304 holds great potential to mitigate metabolic dysfunction, and to improve cardiac function and exercise capacity, and hence quality of life in aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelene Ericsson
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Steneberg
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rakel Nyrén
- grid.12650.300000 0001 1034 3451Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Edlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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14
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Jiang P, Zhi L, Ren L, Hu X, Xiao RP. Evaluation of AMPK activity in mice by measuring activator-induced glucose uptake. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100496. [PMID: 34337440 PMCID: PMC8313746 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a principal nutrient sensor and a master regulator of cellular energy homeostasis. Once activated, AMPK induces glucose uptake, which leads to a transient decrease in blood glucose level and can be used as an indicator of AMPK activity. Here, we present a protocol accessing AMPK activity in mice by measuring glucose uptake induced by AMPK activators, MK8722 and A769662. This protocol can be used to evaluate AMPK signaling in vivo under various pathophysiological conditions. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Jiang et al. (2021). Measurement of blood glucose level in mice using glucometer Inducing glucose uptake in mice by administration of AMPK activators Evaluation of AMPK activity in vivo via measuring AMPK activator-induced glucose
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Zhi
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lejiao Ren
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui-Ping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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15
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Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ahuja KDK, Beckett JM, Myers S. TRPV1 Activation by Capsaicin Mediates Glucose Oxidation and ATP Production Independent of Insulin Signalling in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061560. [PMID: 34205555 PMCID: PMC8234135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR), a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in target tissues. Emerging research has highlighted transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions. However, there are limited data on the effects of capsaicin on cell signalling molecules involved in glucose uptake. METHODS C2C12 cells were cultured and differentiated to acquire the myotube phenotype. The activation status of signalling molecules involved in glucose metabolism, including 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2), was examined. Finally, activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and glucose oxidation and ATP levels were measured in capsaicin-treated cells in the presence or absence of TRPV1 antagonist (SB-452533). RESULTS Capsaicin activated cell signalling molecules including CAMKK2 and AMPK leading to increased glucose oxidation and ATP generation independent of insulin in the differentiated C2C12 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 diminished the activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK as well as glucose oxidation and ATP production. Moreover, we observed an inhibitory effect of capsaicin in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the mouse myotubes. CONCLUSION Our data show that capsaicin-mediated stimulation of TRPV1 in differentiated C2C12 cells leads to activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and increased glucose oxidation which is concomitant with an elevation in intracellular ATP level. Further studies of the effect of TRPV1 channel activation by capsaicin on glucose metabolism could provide novel therapeutic utility for the management of IR and T2DM.
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16
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González Hernández MA, Blaak EE, Hoebers NTH, Essers YPG, Canfora EE, Jocken JWE. Acetate Does Not Affect Palmitate Oxidation and AMPK Phosphorylation in Human Primary Skeletal Muscle Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:659928. [PMID: 34220709 PMCID: PMC8248488 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.659928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Our recent in vivo human studies showed that colonic administration of sodium acetate (SA) resulted in increased circulating acetate levels, which was accompanied by increments in whole-body fat oxidation in overweight-obese men. Since skeletal muscle has a major role in whole-body fat oxidation, we aimed to investigate effects of SA on fat oxidation and underlying mechanisms in human primary skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC). We investigated the dose (0-5 mmol/L) and time (1, 4, 20, and 24 h) effect of SA on complete and incomplete endogenous and exogenous oxidation of 14C-labeled palmitate in HSkMC derived from a lean insulin sensitive male donor. Both physiological (0.1 and 0.25 mmol/L) and supraphysiological (0.5, 1 and 5 mmol/L) concentrations of SA neither increased endogenous nor exogenous fat oxidation over time in HSkMC. In addition, no effect of SA was observed on Thr172-AMPKα phosphorylation. In conclusion, our previously observed in vivo effects of SA on whole-body fat oxidation in men may not be explained via direct effects on HSkMC fat oxidation. Nevertheless, SA-mediated effects on whole-body fat oxidation may be triggered by other mechanisms including gut-derived hormones or may occur in other metabolically active tissues.
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17
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Song JY, Shen TC, Hou YC, Chang JF, Lu CL, Liu WC, Chen PJ, Chen BH, Zheng CM, Lu KC. Influence of Resveratrol on the Cardiovascular Health Effects of Chronic Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E6294. [PMID: 32878067 PMCID: PMC7504483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is closely related to chronic kidney disease (CKD), and patients with CKD have a high risk of CVD-related mortality. Traditional CVD risk factors cannot account for the higher cardiovascular risk of patients with CKD, and standard CVD interventions cannot reduce the mortality rates among patients with CKD. Nontraditional factors related to mineral and vitamin-D metabolic disorders provide some explanation for the increased CVD risk. Non-dialyzable toxins, indoxyl sulfate (IS) and p-cresol sulfate (PCS)-produced in the liver by colonic microorganisms-cause kidney and vascular dysfunction. Plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO)-a gut microbe-dependent metabolite of dietary L-carnitine and choline-is elevated in CKD and related to vascular disease, resulting in poorer long-term survival. Therefore, the modulation of colonic flora can improve prospects for patients with CKD. Managing metabolic syndrome, anemia, and abnormal mineral metabolism is recommended for the prevention of CVD in patients with CKD. Considering nontraditional risk factors, the use of resveratrol (RSV), a nutraceutical, can be helpful for patients with CVD and CKD. This paper discusses the beneficial effects of RSV on biologic, pathophysiological and clinical responses, including improvements in intestinal epithelial integrity, modulation of the intestinal microbiota and reduction in hepatic synthesis of IS, PCS and TMAO in patients with CVD and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenn-Yeu Song
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (J.-Y.S.); (T.-C.S.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chung Shen
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan; (J.-Y.S.); (T.-C.S.)
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 234, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Feng Chang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Lin Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chih Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Jui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (B.-H.C.)
| | - Bo-Hau Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan City 325, Taiwan; (P.-J.C.); (B.-H.C.)
| | - Cai-Mei Zheng
- Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan;
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18
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Kwak SY, Seo IH, Chung I, Kim SA, Lee JO, Lee HJ, Kim SE, Han JA, Kang MJ, Kim SJ, Lim S, Kim KM, Chung JH, Lim E, Hwang JI, Kim HS, Shin MJ. Effect of chitinase-3-like protein 1 on glucose metabolism: In vitro skeletal muscle and human genetic association study. FASEB J 2020; 34:13445-13460. [PMID: 32816366 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000925r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of chitinase-3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) on glucose metabolism and its underlying mechanisms in skeletal muscle cells, and evaluated whether the observed effects are relevant in humans. CHI3L1 was associated with increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscles in an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent manner, and with increased intracellular calcium levels via PAR2. The improvement in glucose metabolism observed in an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test on male C57BL/6J mice supported this association. Inhibition of the CaMKK was associated with suppression of CHI3L1-mediated glucose uptake. Additionally, CHI3L1 was found to influence glucose uptake through the PI3K/AKT pathway. Results suggested that CHI3L1 stimulated the phosphorylation of AS160 and p38 MAPK downstream of AMPK and AKT, and the resultant GLUT4 translocation. In primary myoblast cells, stimulation of AMPK and AKT was observed in response to CHI3L1, underscoring the biological relevance of CHI3L1. CHI3L1 levels were elevated in cells under conditions that mimic exercise in vitro and in exercised mice in vivo, indicating that CHI3L1 is secreted during muscle contraction. Finally, similar associations between CHI3L1 and metabolic parameters were observed in humans alongside genotype associations between CHI3L1 and diabetes at the population level. CHI3L1 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Kwak
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Il Hyeok Seo
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - InHyeok Chung
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shin Ae Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ok Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jeong Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Eun Kim
- School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Han
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ju Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su Jin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Kyoung Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Chung
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, CHA University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Eunice Lim
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Soo Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jeong Shin
- Department of Integrated Biomedical and Life Science, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, Korea.,School of Biosystems and Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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19
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Kim JH, Lee JO, Moon JW, Kang MJ, Byun WS, Han JA, Kim SJ, Park SH, Kim HS. Laminarin From Salicornia herbacea Stimulates Glucose Uptake Through AMPK-p38 MAPK Pathways in L6 Muscle Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20901409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Laminarin is a component of brown seaweed, especially isolated from Salicornia herbacea. Laminarin was known to have various physiological functions, however, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we report that laminarin stimulates an activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and increases glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes. Laminarin also increases an intracellular calcium release. Inhibition of Ca2+ release, using with CaMKK inhibitor, STO-609, blocked laminarin-induced AMPK activity, indicating that laminarin stimulated AMPK activity via calcium. In addition, laminarin activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways depending on AMPK activity. Moreover, the inhibition of either AMPK or p38 MAPK blocked laminarin-induced glucose uptake in rat L6 myotubes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the hypoglycemic effect of laminarin is caused by its ability to activate AMPK-p38 MAPK pathways in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji H. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung O. Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji W. Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min J. Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won S. Byun
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong A. Han
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su J. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun H. Park
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon S. Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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20
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Mukund K, Subramaniam S. Skeletal muscle: A review of molecular structure and function, in health and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 12:e1462. [PMID: 31407867 PMCID: PMC6916202 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
| | - Shankar Subramaniam
- Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems BiologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Computer Science and EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and NanoengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCalifornia
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21
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Nguyen T, Gong M, Wen S, Yuan X, Wang C, Jin J, Zhou L. The Mechanism of Metabolic Influences on the Endogenous GLP-1 by Oral Antidiabetic Medications in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:4727390. [PMID: 32656265 PMCID: PMC7320283 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4727390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Incretin-based therapy is now a prevalent treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been associated with considerably good results in the management of hyperglycemia with cardiac or nephron-benefits. For this reason, it is recommended for individuals with cardiovascular diseases in many clinical guidelines. As an incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) possesses multiple metabolic benefits such as optimizing energy usage, maintaining body weight, β cell preservation, and suppressing neurodegeneration. However, recent studies indicate that oral antidiabetic medications interact with endogenous or exogenous GLP-1. Since these drugs are transported to distal intestine portions, there are concerns whether these oral drugs directly stimulate intestinal L cells which release GLP-1, or whether they do so via indirect inhibition of the activity of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). In this review, we discuss the metabolic relationships between oral antihyperglycemic drugs from the aspect of gut, microbiota, hormones, β cell function, central nervous system, and other cellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiquynhnga Nguyen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Song Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xinlu Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Chaoxun Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Jianlan Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Ligang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201399, China
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22
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Momtaz S, Salek-Maghsoudi A, Abdolghaffari AH, Jasemi E, Rezazadeh S, Hassani S, Ziaee M, Abdollahi M, Behzad S, Nabavi SM. Polyphenols targeting diabetes via the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway; future approach to drug discovery. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:472-492. [PMID: 31418340 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1648376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the widespread progression of diabetes, its related complications and detrimental effects on human health, investigations on this subject seems compulsory. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a serine/threonine kinase and a key player in energy metabolism regulation. AMPK is also considered as a prime target for pharmaceutical and therapeutic studies on disorders such as diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity, where the body energy homeostasis is imbalanced. Following the activation of AMPK (physiological or pharmacological), a cascade of metabolic events that improve metabolic health is triggered. While there are several publications on this subject, this is the first report that has focused solely on polyphenols targeting diabetes via AMPK pathway. The multiple characteristics of polyphenolic compounds and their favorable influence on diabetes pathogenesis, as well as their intersections with the AMPK signaling pathway, indicate that these compounds have a beneficial effect on the regulation of glucose homeostasis. PPs could potentially occupy a significant position in the future anti-diabetic drug market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Armin Salek-Maghsoudi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran
| | - Eghbal Jasemi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shamsali Rezazadeh
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran
| | - Shokoufeh Hassani
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Mojtaba Ziaee
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Mohammad Abdollahi
- Toxicology and Diseases Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Sahar Behzad
- Evidence-Based Phytotherapy and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences , Karaj , Iran.,Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
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23
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Lima RDCL, Berg RS, Rønning SB, Afseth NK, Knutsen SH, Staerk D, Wubshet SG. Peptides from chicken processing by-product inhibit DPP-IV and promote cellular glucose uptake: potential ingredients for T2D management. Food Funct 2019; 10:1619-1628. [PMID: 30821796 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02450b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and stimulation of muscle glucose uptake are two of the key strategies for management of type-2-diabetes (T2D). In the present study, four protein hydrolysates generated by enzymatic hydrolysis of chicken by-product, i.e., mechanical chicken deboning residue, were evaluated for their DPP-IV inhibitory activity as well as their effect on glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells. The DPP-IV inhibitory assay was performed at two concentrations (1000 μg mL-1 and 10 μg mL-1) for the crude chicken protein hydrolysates. The hydrolysate with the highest DPP-IV inhibition was selected for preparative-scale fractionation using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). The SEC fractions were tested for DPP-IV inhibitory activity as well as their effect on glucose uptake and metabolic activity of skeletal muscle cells. The muscle cells were treated with the SEC fractions and glucose uptake was measured based on luminescence detection of 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate (2DG6P). A fraction with peptides in the lower molecular weight range was shown to promote glucose uptake and to inhibit DPP-IV. Further chromatographic fractionation followed by inhibition assaying of the most potent SEC fraction led to isolation of five refined peptide fractions with more than 80% DPP-IV inhibition, which were subsequently analyzed with LC-HRMS/MS. This led to identification of 14 peptides as potential DPP-IV inhibitors from protein hydrolysates of mechanical chicken deboning residue.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Proper cartilage development is critical to bone formation during endochondral ossification. This review highlights the current understanding of various aspects of glucose metabolism in chondrocytes during cartilage development. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies indicate that chondrocytes transdifferentiate into osteoblasts and bone marrow stromal cells during endochondral ossification. In cartilage development, signaling molecules, including IGF2 and BMP2, tightly control glucose uptake and utilization in a stage-specific manner. Perturbation of glucose metabolism alters the course of chondrocyte maturation, suggesting a key role for glucose metabolism during endochondral ossification. During prenatal and postnatal growth, chondrocytes experience bursts of nutrient availability and energy expenditure, which demand sophisticated control of the glucose-dependent processes of cartilage matrix production, cell proliferation, and hypertrophy. Investigating the regulation of glucose metabolism may therefore lead to a unifying mechanism for signaling events in cartilage development and provide insight into causes of skeletal growth abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith M Hollander
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Li Zeng
- Program in Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Program of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Program of Immunology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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25
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Embryonic programming of heart disease in response to obesity during pregnancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165402. [PMID: 30759362 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Obesity during pregnancy programs adult-onset heart disease in the offspring. Clinical studies indicate that exposure to an adverse environment in utero during early, as compared to late, gestation leads to a higher prevalence of adult-onset heart disease. This suggests that the early developing heart is particularly sensitive to an adverse environment. Accordingly, growing evidence from clinical studies and animal models demonstrates that obesity during pregnancy alters the function of the fetal heart, programming a higher risk of cardiovascular disease later in life. Moreover, gene expression patterns and signaling pathways that promote initiation and progression of cardiovascular disease are altered in the hearts in offspring born to obese mothers. However, the mechanisms mediating the long-term effects of an adverse environment in utero on the developing heart leading to adult-onset disease are not clear. Here, we review clinical and experimental evidence documenting the effects of maternal obesity during pregnancy on the fetal and post-natal heart and emphasize on the potential mechanisms of disease programming.
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26
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Kairupan TS, Cheng KC, Asakawa A, Amitani H, Yagi T, Ataka K, Rokot NT, Kapantow NH, Kato I, Inui A. Rubiscolin-6 activates opioid receptors to enhance glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:266-274. [PMID: 30648580 PMCID: PMC9298623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubiscolin-6 is an opioid peptide derived from plant ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). It has been demonstrated that opioid receptors could control glucose homeostasis in skeletal muscle independent of insulin action. Therefore, Rubiscolin-6 may be involved in the control of glucose metabolism. In the present study, we investigated the effect of rubiscolin-6 on glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. Rubiscolin-6-induced glucose uptake was measured using the fluorescent indicator 2-[N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl) amino]-2-deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) in L6 and C2C12 cell lines. The protein expressions of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in L6 cells were observed by Western blotting. The in vivo effects of rubiscolin-6 were characterized in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Rubiscolin-6 induced a concentration-dependent increase in glucose uptake levels. The increase of phospho-AMPK (pAMPK) and GLUT4 expressions were also observed in L6 and C2C12 cells. Effects of rubiscolin-6 were blocked by opioid receptor antagonists and/or associated signals inhibitors. Moreover, Rubiscolin-6 produced a dose-dependent reduction of blood glucose and increased GLUT4 expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In conclusion, rubiscolin-6 increases glucose uptake, potentially via an activation of AMPK to enhance GLUT4 translocation after binding to opioid receptors in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Sean Kairupan
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, Indonesia
| | - Kai-Chun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takakazu Yagi
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koji Ataka
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Natasya Trivena Rokot
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | - Ikuo Kato
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan.
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27
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Sampaio RC, Moura NRD, Barros MPD, Hatanaka E, Priviero FBM, Moraes CD. Twice-weekly exercise training reduces oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokine levels in elder women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201900030001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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28
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Nozu T, Miyagishi S, Kumei S, Nozu R, Takakusaki K, Okumura T. Metformin inhibits visceral allodynia and increased gut permeability induced by stress in rats. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 34:186-193. [PMID: 29966173 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Metformin has been shown to have anti-cytokine property. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced or repeated water avoidance stress (WAS)-induced visceral allodynia and increased gut permeability were pro-inflammatory cytokine-dependent responses, which were considered to be animal models of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We hypothesized that metformin improves symptoms in the patients with IBS by attenuating these visceral changes and tested the hypothesis in rats. METHODS The threshold of the visceromotor response induced by colonic balloon distention was measured. Colonic permeability was determined in vivo by quantifying the absorbed Evans blue for 15 min spectrophotometrically. RESULTS Subcutaneously injected LPS (1 mg/kg) reduced the threshold of visceromotor response, and metformin (5-50 mg/kg for 3 days) intraperitoneally attenuated this response in a dose-dependent manner. Repeated WAS (1 h daily for 3 days) induced visceral allodynia, which was also blocked by metformin. The antinociceptive effect of metformin on the LPS-induced allodynia was reversed by compound C, an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor or NG -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, a nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor but not modified by naloxone. Additionally, it was blocked by sulpiride, a dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, but domperidone, a peripheral dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, did not alter it. Metformin also blocked the LPS-induced or repeated WAS-induced increased colonic permeability. CONCLUSIONS Metformin attenuated the visceral allodynia and increased gut permeability in animal IBS models. These actions may be evoked via activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide, and central dopamine D2 pathways. These results indicate the possibility that metformin can be useful for treating IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Saori Miyagishi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shima Kumei
- Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Rintaro Nozu
- Department of Regional Medicine and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kaoru Takakusaki
- Research Center for Brain Function and Medical Engineering, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Okumura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan.,Department of General Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
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29
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Jung TW, Lee SH, Kim HC, Bang JS, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Shin YK, Jeong JH. METRNL attenuates lipid-induced inflammation and insulin resistance via AMPK or PPARδ-dependent pathways in skeletal muscle of mice. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-11. [PMID: 30213948 PMCID: PMC6137187 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0147-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity has many beneficial effects on metabolic disorders, such as obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Meteorin-like protein (METRNL), a novel secreted protein homologous to the neurotrophin Metrn, is induced after exercise in the skeletal muscle. Herein, we investigated the effects of METRNL on lipid-mediated inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ). Treatment with METRNL suppressed inflammatory markers, such as nuclear factor κB (NFκB) nuclear translocation, inhibitory κBα (IκBα) phosphorylation, interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNFα and MCP-1). METRNL treatment also attenuated the impaired insulin response both in palmitate-treated differentiated C2C12 cells and the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Furthermore, METRNL administration rescued glucose intolerance and reduced HFD-induced body weight gain in mice; however, METRNL did not affect calorie intake. METRNL treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation and PPARδ expression both in differentiated C2C12 cells and mouse skeletal muscle. siRNA-mediated suppression of AMPK and PPARδ abrogated the suppressive effects of METRNL on palmitate-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Moreover, METRNL augmented the mRNA expression of fatty acid oxidation-associated genes, such as carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1), acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3). siRNAs for AMPK and PPARδ reversed these changes. In the current study, we report for the first time that METRNL alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance and induces fatty acid oxidation through AMPK or PPARδ-dependent signaling in skeletal muscle. Treatment with a hormone that is normally induced following exercise helps alleviate inflammation and insulin resistance in the muscles of obese mice, highlighting a potential new therapeutic strategy for diabetes and other metabolic disorders. Meteorin-like protein (METRNL) is a hormone produced by muscle cells after physical activity and on exposure to cold. A team led by Ji Hoon Jeong and Yong Kyoo Shin from Chung-Ang University
in Seoul, South Korea, observed that levels of METRNL are reduced in mice fed a high-fat diet and in mouse skeletal muscle cells chemically treated to become unresponsive to insulin. Administering METRNL to the cells or mice reduced levels of inflammation, resulting in improved insulin responses. However, these improvements occurred only when certain regulatory molecules were active, revealing a key pathway through which METRNL acts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Jung
- Research Administration Team, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Korea
| | - Joon Seok Bang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211, Giza, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yong Kyoo Shin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea.
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 221, Heuksuk-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 156-756, Korea.
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30
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Steneberg P, Lindahl E, Dahl U, Lidh E, Straseviciene J, Backlund F, Kjellkvist E, Berggren E, Lundberg I, Bergqvist I, Ericsson M, Eriksson B, Linde K, Westman J, Edlund T, Edlund H. PAN-AMPK activator O304 improves glucose homeostasis and microvascular perfusion in mice and type 2 diabetes patients. JCI Insight 2018; 3:99114. [PMID: 29925691 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AMPK activated protein kinase (AMPK), a master regulator of energy homeostasis, is activated in response to an energy shortage imposed by physical activity and caloric restriction. We here report on the identification of PAN-AMPK activator O304, which - in diet-induced obese mice - increased glucose uptake in skeletal muscle, reduced β cell stress, and promoted β cell rest. Accordingly, O304 reduced fasting plasma glucose levels and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in a proof-of-concept phase IIa clinical trial in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients on Metformin. T2D is associated with devastating micro- and macrovascular complications, and O304 improved peripheral microvascular perfusion and reduced blood pressure both in animals and T2D patients. Moreover, like exercise, O304 activated AMPK in the heart, increased cardiac glucose uptake, reduced cardiac glycogen levels, and improved left ventricular stroke volume in mice, but it did not increase heart weight in mice or rats. Thus, O304 exhibits a great potential as a novel drug to treat T2D and associated cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Steneberg
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emma Lindahl
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ulf Dahl
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Lidh
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Fredrik Backlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Berggren
- Betagenon AB, Tvistevägen 48, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | | | - Madelene Ericsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Kajsa Linde
- Betagenon AB, Tvistevägen 48, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jacob Westman
- Medchemcon AB, Jonsund Blomsberg 109, SE-744 97 Järlåsa, Sweden
| | - Thomas Edlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.,Betagenon AB, Tvistevägen 48, SE-907 36 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Edlund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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31
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Kjøbsted R, Hingst JR, Fentz J, Foretz M, Sanz MN, Pehmøller C, Shum M, Marette A, Mounier R, Treebak JT, Wojtaszewski JFP, Viollet B, Lantier L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. FASEB J 2018; 32:1741-1777. [PMID: 29242278 PMCID: PMC5945561 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700442r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable ability to adapt to various physiologic conditions. AMPK is a sensor of intracellular energy status that maintains energy stores by fine-tuning anabolic and catabolic pathways. AMPK’s role as an energy sensor is particularly critical in tissues displaying highly changeable energy turnover. Due to the drastic changes in energy demand that occur between the resting and exercising state, skeletal muscle is one such tissue. Here, we review the complex regulation of AMPK in skeletal muscle and its consequences on metabolism (e.g., substrate uptake, oxidation, and storage as well as mitochondrial function of skeletal muscle fibers). We focus on the role of AMPK in skeletal muscle during exercise and in exercise recovery. We also address adaptations to exercise training, including skeletal muscle plasticity, highlighting novel concepts and future perspectives that need to be investigated. Furthermore, we discuss the possible role of AMPK as a therapeutic target as well as different AMPK activators and their potential for future drug development.—Kjøbsted, R., Hingst, J. R., Fentz, J., Foretz, M., Sanz, M.-N., Pehmøller, C., Shum, M., Marette, A., Mounier, R., Treebak, J. T., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., Viollet, B., Lantier, L. AMPK in skeletal muscle function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Kjøbsted
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janne R Hingst
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joachim Fentz
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marc Foretz
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Maria-Nieves Sanz
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, and.,Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Pehmøller
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael Shum
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Axe Cardiologie, Quebec Heart and Lung Research Institute, Laval University, Québec, Canada.,Institute for Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Québec, Canada
| | - Remi Mounier
- Institute NeuroMyoGène, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM Unité 1217, CNRS UMR, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen F P Wojtaszewski
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benoit Viollet
- INSERM, Unité 1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Dynamic transcriptomic analysis in hircine longissimus dorsi muscle from fetal to neonatal development stages. Funct Integr Genomics 2017; 18:43-54. [PMID: 28993898 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-017-0573-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Muscle growth and development from fetal to neonatal stages consist of a series of delicately regulated and orchestrated changes in expression of genes. In this study, we performed whole transcriptome profiling based on RNA-Seq of caprine longissimus dorsi muscle tissue obtained from prenatal stages (days 45, 60, and 105 of gestation) and neonatal stage (the 3-day-old newborn) to identify genes that are differentially expressed and investigate their temporal expression profiles. A total of 3276 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified (Q value < 0.01). Time-series expression profile clustering analysis indicated that DEGs were significantly clustered into eight clusters which can be divided into two classes (Q value < 0.05), class I profiles with downregulated patterns and class II profiles with upregulated patterns. Based on cluster analysis, GO enrichment analysis found that 75, 25, and 8 terms to be significantly enriched in biological process (BP), cellular component (CC), and molecular function (MF) categories in class I profiles, while 35, 21, and 8 terms to be significantly enriched in BP, CC, and MF in class II profiles. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs from class I profiles were significantly enriched in 22 pathways and the most enriched pathway was Rap1 signaling pathway. DEGs from class II profiles were significantly enriched in 17 pathways and the mainly enriched pathway was AMPK signaling pathway. Finally, six selected DEGs from our sequencing results were confirmed by qPCR. Our study provides a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms during goat skeletal muscle development from fetal to neonatal stages and valuable information for future studies of muscle development in goats.
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Implications of Resveratrol on Glucose Uptake and Metabolism. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030398. [PMID: 28272357 PMCID: PMC6155386 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol—a polyphenol of natural origin—has been the object of massive research in the past decade because of its potential use in cancer therapy. However, resveratrol has shown an extensive range of cellular targets and effects, which hinders the use of the molecule for medical applications including cancer and type 2 diabetes. Here, we review the latest advances in understanding how resveratrol modulates glucose uptake, regulates cellular metabolism, and how this may be useful to improve current therapies. We discuss challenges and findings regarding the inhibition of glucose uptake by resveratrol and other polyphenols of similar chemical structure. We review alternatives that can be exploited to improve cancer therapies, including the use of other polyphenols, or the combination of resveratrol with other molecules and their impact on glucose homeostasis in cancer and diabetes.
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Lee HJ, Lee JO, Lee YW, Kim SA, Park SH, Kim HS. Kalirin, a GEF for Rac1, plays an important role in FSTL-1-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Cell Signal 2017; 29:150-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2016.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Keapai W, Apichai S, Amornlerdpison D, Lailerd N. Evaluation of fish oil-rich in MUFAs for anti-diabetic and anti-inflammation potential in experimental type 2 diabetic rats. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:581-593. [PMID: 27847435 PMCID: PMC5106392 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.6.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The advantages of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been well established. However, the molecular mechanisms of the anti-diabetic action of MUFAs remain unclear. This study examined the anti-hyperglycemic effect and explored the molecular mechanisms involved in the actions of fish oil- rich in MUFAs that had been acquired from hybrid catfish (Pangasius larnaudii×Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) among experimental type 2 diabetic rats. Diabetic rats that were fed with fish oil (500 and 1,000 mg/kg BW) for 12 weeks significantly reduced the fasting plasma glucose levels without increasing the plasma insulin levels. The diminishing levels of plasma lipids and the muscle triglyceride accumulation as well as the plasma leptin levels were identified in T2DM rats, which had been administrated with fish oil. Notably, the plasma adiponectin levels increased among these rats. The fish oil supplementation also improved glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity and pancreatic histological changes. Moreover, the supplementation of fish oil improved insulin signaling (p-AktSer473 and p-PKC-ζ/λThr410/403), p-AMPKThr172 and membrane GLUT4 protein expressions, whereas the protein expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and nuclear NF-κB) as well as p-PKC-θThr538 were down regulated in the skeletal muscle. These data indicate that the effects of fish oil-rich in MUFAs in these T2DM rats were partly due to the attenuation of insulin resistance and an improvement in the adipokine imbalance. The mechanisms of the anti-hyperglycemic effect are involved in the improvement of insulin signaling, AMPK activation, GLUT4 translocation and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine protein expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waranya Keapai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sopida Apichai
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Doungporn Amornlerdpison
- Faculty of Fisheries Technology and Aquatic Resources, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand
| | - Narissara Lailerd
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Restrepo BI. Metformin: Candidate host-directed therapy for tuberculosis in diabetes and non-diabetes patients. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2016; 101S:S69-S72. [PMID: 27720378 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advances in tuberculosis (TB) control, TB continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide. The discovery of new anti-TB treatment drugs and regimens that target drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB are being complemented with a search for adjunct host-directed therapies that synergize for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) elimination. The goal of host-directed therapies is to boost immune mechanisms that diminish excess inflammation to reduce lung tissue damage and limit Mtb growth. Metformin is the most commonly-used medication for type 2 diabetes, and a candidate for host-directed therapy for TB. Preliminary data suggests metformin may be beneficial for TB control by reducing the deleterious inflammation associated with immune pathology and enhancing the anti-mycobacterial activity of immune cells. In this review I summarize current findings, knowledge gaps and the potential benefits as well as points of caution for using metformin as adjunct therapy for TB in patients with and without type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca I Restrepo
- UTHealth Houston, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health at Brownsville, 80 Fort Brown, SPH Bldg, Brownsville, TX 78520, USA.
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Choi JW, Kim M, Song H, Lee CS, Oh WK, Mook-Jung I, Chung SS, Park KS. DMC (2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone) improves glucose tolerance as a potent AMPK activator. Metabolism 2016; 65:533-42. [PMID: 26975545 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect and regulatory mechanism of 2',4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3',5'-dimethylchalcone (DMC) isolated from Cleistocalyx operculatus on metabolic parameters in myotubes, adipocytes and an obese mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Myotubes and adipocytes were incubated with or without DMC. Glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, AMPK activation and adipocytes differentiation were investigated. To examine in vivo effect of DMC, 30mg/kg/day DMC was administered by oral gavage for 2weeks in high fat fed C57BL/6 male mice and intra-peritoneal glucose tolerance test was performed. In order to examine whether DMC directly activates AMPK, we performed cell free AMPK assay and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy analysis. RESULT DMC increases glucose uptake and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in myotubes. Also, DMC inhibits adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Interestingly, DMC stimulates phosphorylation of AMP-dependent protein kinase (AMPK) alpha subunit (T172) by directly binding to AMPK, which results in the activation of AMPK. Furthermore, DMC binds AMPK with a higher affinity than AMP. When AMPK was knocked down, the stimulatory effect of DMC on FAO and its inhibitory effect on adipogenesis were abolished. These results suggest that the effects of DMC were primarily mediated by AMPK activation. In addition, treating mice fed a high fat diet with DMC improved glucose tolerance and significantly increased FAO of the muscles. CONCLUSION DMC, as a novel AMPK activator, shows anti-diabetic effects in cell culture systems, such as myotubes and adipocytes, and in a diet-induced obese mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyundong Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soon Lee
- Nanomol Inc. and Gil Hospital, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Keun Oh
- Korea Bioactive Natural Material Bank, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Pharmacy, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhee Mook-Jung
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Soo Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong Soo Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea; Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea.
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Transient hypoxia reprograms differentiating adipocytes for enhanced insulin sensitivity and triglyceride accumulation. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015. [PMID: 26219415 PMCID: PMC4703459 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the impact of transient (2-4 h) hypoxia on metabolic reprogramming of adipocytes. Methods The impact of transient hypoxia on metabolic reprogramming was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells before and after differentiation. Glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondria were examined to determine the hypoxia effects. Preadipocytes were exposed to transient hypoxia (4h/day) in the course of differentiation. Insulin sensitivity and TG accumulation was examined in the cells at the end of differentiation to determine the reprogramming effects. AMPK activity and gene expression were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting in search for mechanism of the reprogramming. Results In acute response to hypoxia, adipocytes exhibited an increase in insulin-dependent and -independent glucose uptake. Fatty acid β-oxidation and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity were decreased. Multiple exposures of differentiating adipocytes to transient hypoxia enhanced insulin signaling, TG accumulation, expression of antioxidant genes in differentiated adipocytes in the absence of hypoxia. The metabolic memory was associated with elevated AMPK activity and gene expression (GLUT1, PGC-1α, PPARγ, SREBP, NRF-1, ESRRα, LPL). The enhanced insulin sensitivity was blocked by an AMPK inhibitor. Conclusions Repeated exposure of differentiating adipocytes to transient hypoxia is able to reprogram the cells for increased TG accumulation and enhanced insulin sensitivity. The metabolic alterations were observed in post-differentiated cells under normoxia. The reprogramming involves AMPK activation and gene expression in the metabolic pathways in cytosol and mitochondria.
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de Laat MA, Robinson MA, Gruntmeir KJ, Liu Y, Soma LR, Lacombe VA. AICAR administration affects glucose metabolism by upregulating the novel glucose transporter, GLUT8, in equine skeletal muscle. Vet J 2015; 205:381-6. [PMID: 26116041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome is characterized by obesity and insulin resistance (IR). Currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment for this insidious disease. Glucose uptake is mediated by a family of glucose transporters (GLUT), and is regulated by insulin-dependent and -independent pathways, including 5-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Importantly, the activation of AMPK, by 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-D-ribofuranoside (AICAR) stimulates glucose uptake in both healthy and diabetic humans. However, whether AICAR promotes glucose uptake in horses has not been established. It is hypothesized that AICAR administration would enhance glucose transport in equine skeletal muscle through AMPK activation. In this study, the effect of an intravenous AICAR infusion on blood glucose and insulin concentrations, as well as on GLUT expression and AMPK activation in equine skeletal muscle (quantified by Western blotting) was examined. Upon administration, plasma AICAR rapidly reached peak concentration. Treatment with AICAR resulted in a decrease (P <0.05) in blood glucose and an increase (P <0.05) in insulin concentration without a change in lactate concentration. The ratio of phosphorylated to total AMPK was increased (P <0.05) in skeletal muscle. While GLUT4 and GLUT1 protein expression remained unchanged, GLUT8 was increased (P <0.05) following AICAR treatment. Up-regulation of GLUT8 protein expression by AICAR suggests that this novel GLUT isoform plays an important role in equine muscle glucose transport. In addition, the data suggest that AMPK activation enhances pancreatic insulin secretion. Collectively, the findings suggest that AICAR acutely promotes muscle glucose uptake in healthy horses and thus its therapeutic potential for managing IR requires investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A de Laat
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - M A Robinson
- Penn Vet Equine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - K J Gruntmeir
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Penn Vet Equine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - L R Soma
- Penn Vet Equine Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Studies - New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - V A Lacombe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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Mikawa T, LLeonart ME, Takaori-Kondo A, Inagaki N, Yokode M, Kondoh H. Dysregulated glycolysis as an oncogenic event. Cell Mol Life Sci 2015; 72:1881-92. [PMID: 25609364 PMCID: PMC11113496 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-1840-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced glycolysis in cancer, called the Warburg effect, is a well-known feature of cancer metabolism. Recent advances revealed that the Warburg effect is coupled to many other cancer properties, including adaptation to hypoxia and low nutrients, immortalisation, resistance to oxidative stress and apoptotic stimuli, and elevated biomass synthesis. These linkages are mediated by various oncogenic molecules and signals, such as c-Myc, p53, and the insulin/Ras pathway. Furthermore, several regulators of glycolysis have been recently identified as oncogene candidates, including the hypoxia-inducible factor pathway, sirtuins, adenosine monophosphate-activated kinase, glycolytic pyruvate kinase M2, phosphoglycerate mutase, and oncometabolites. The interplay between glycolysis and oncogenic events will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Mikawa
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Matilde E. LLeonart
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Vall de’Hebron, Paseo Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Akifumi Takaori-Kondo
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Department of Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Nobuya Inagaki
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Masayuki Yokode
- Department of Clinical Innovative Medicine, Translational Research Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kondoh
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
- Geriatric Unit, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
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ALVIM RAFAELO, CHEUHEN MARCELR, MACHADO SILMARAR, SOUSA ANDRÉGUSTAVOP, SANTOS PAULOC. General aspects of muscle glucose uptake. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 87:351-68. [DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201520140225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucose uptake in peripheral tissues is dependent on the translocation of GLUT4 glucose transporters to the plasma membrane. Studies have shown the existence of two major signaling pathways that lead to the translocation of GLUT4. The first, and widely investigated, is the insulin activated signaling pathway through insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. The second is the insulin-independent signaling pathway, which is activated by contractions. Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus have reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle due to the phenomenon of insulin resistance. However, those individuals have normal glucose uptake during exercise. In this context, physical exercise is one of the most important interventions that stimulates glucose uptake by insulin-independent pathways, and the main molecules involved are adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, nitric oxide, bradykinin, AKT, reactive oxygen species and calcium. In this review, our main aims were to highlight the different glucose uptake pathways and to report the effects of physical exercise, diet and drugs on their functioning. Lastly, with the better understanding of these pathways, it would be possible to assess, exactly and molecularly, the importance of physical exercise and diet on glucose homeostasis. Furthermore, it would be possible to assess the action of drugs that might optimize glucose uptake and consequently be an important step in controlling the blood glucose levels in diabetic patients, in addition to being important to clarify some pathways that justify the development of drugs capable of mimicking the contraction pathway.
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Ma C, Hu L, Tao G, Lv W, Wang H. An UPLC-MS-based metabolomics investigation on the anti-fatigue effect of salidroside in mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2014; 105:84-90. [PMID: 25543286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2014.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight-based metabolomic approach was developed to study influence of salidroside, an anti-fatigue ingredient from Rhoiola rosea, on urinary metabolic profiling of rats to a single dose of 180 mg/kg per day. Unsupervised principal component analysis (PCA) and supervised orthogonal pre-projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) on metabolite profiling revealed obvious differentiation between the salidroside treated groups and controls in both positive and negative ion modes. Eleven urinary metabolites contributing to the differentiation were identified as anti-fatigue biomarkers: N-acetylserotonin, 2-Methoxyestrone 3-glucuronide, Taurine, Melatonin, Sorbitol, Geranyl diphosphate, Z-nucleotide, Cortisone, Dihydrocortisol, Sebacic acid, Pregnenolone sulfate. The physiological significance of these biomarkers is discussed. The work showed that metabolomics is a powerful tool in studying the anti-fatigue effects of natural compound salidroside on multiple targets in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Jiangnan University), School of Food Science and Technology, 1800 Lihu Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Hu
- Air Force Logistics College, Xuzhou, Jiangshu 221006, China
| | - Guanjun Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Jiangnan University), School of Food Science and Technology, 1800 Lihu Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Wenping Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Jiangnan University), School of Food Science and Technology, 1800 Lihu Road, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology (Jiangnan University), School of Food Science and Technology, 1800 Lihu Road, 214122 Wuxi, China.
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Cambri LT, Ribeiro C, Botezelli JD, Ghezzi AC, Mello MAR. Muscle glycogen metabolism changes in rats fed early postnatal a fructose-rich diet after maternal protein malnutrition: effects of acute physical exercise at the maximal lactate steady-state intensity. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2014; 6:118. [PMID: 25400700 PMCID: PMC4232698 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective was to evaluate the muscle glucose metabolism in rats fed a fructose-rich diet after fetal protein malnutrition, at rest and after acute physical exercise at maximal lactate steady-state intensity. METHODS The male offspring born of mothers fed on a balanced or low-protein diet were split in four groups until 60 days: Balanced (B): balanced diet during the whole period; Balanced/Fructose (BF): balanced diet in utero and fructose-rich diet after birth; Low protein/Balanced (LB): low-protein diet in utero and balanced diet after birth; Low protein/Fructose (LF): low protein diet in utero and fructose-rich diet after birth. RESULTS Acute physical exercise reduced the muscle glycogen concentrations in all groups, although the LF group showed higher concentrations at rest. There was no difference among the groups in the glucose uptake and oxidation rates in the isolated soleus muscle neither at rest nor after acute exercise. However, glycogen synthesis was higher in the LF muscle than in the others at rest. Acute physical exercise increased glycogen synthesis in all groups, and the LF group showed the highest values. CONCLUSION The fructose-rich diet administered in rats after fetal protein malnutrition alters muscle glycogen concentrations and glycogen synthesis in the rest and after acute exercise at maximal lactate steady-state intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucieli T Cambri
- />São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP Brazil
- />Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, MT, Brazil. Physical Education Department, UFMT, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, 2367 - Boa Esperança, Cuiabá, Zip-Code:- 78060-900 MT Brazil
| | - Carla Ribeiro
- />São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP Brazil
| | | | - Ana C Ghezzi
- />São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP Brazil
| | - Maria AR Mello
- />São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, SP Brazil
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Morishima T, Mori A, Sasaki H, Goto K. Impact of exercise and moderate hypoxia on glycemic regulation and substrate oxidation pattern. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108629. [PMID: 25329405 PMCID: PMC4199615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We examined metabolic and endocrine responses during rest and exercise in moderate hypoxia over a 7.5 h time courses during daytime. Methods Eight sedentary, overweight men (28.6±0.8 kg/m2) completed four experimental trials: a rest trial in normoxia (FiO2 = 20.9%, NOR-Rest), an exercise trial in normoxia (NOR-Ex), a rest trial in hypoxia (FiO2 = 15.0%, HYP-Rest), and an exercise trial in hypoxia (HYP-Ex). Experimental trials were performed from 8:00 to 15:30 in an environmental chamber. Blood and respiratory gas samples were collected over 7.5 h. In the exercise trials, subjects performed 30 min of pedaling exercise at 60% of VO2max at 8:00, 10:30, and 13:00, and rested during the remaining period in each environment. Standard meals were provided at 8:30, 11:00, and 13:30. Results The areas under the curves for blood glucose and serum insulin concentrations over 7.5 h did not differ among the four trials. At baseline, %carbohydrate contribution was significantly higher in the hypoxic trials than in the normoxic trials (P<0.05). Although exercise promoted carbohydrate oxidation in the NOR-Ex and HYP-Ex trials, %carbohydrate contribution during each exercise and post-exercise period were significantly higher in the HYP-Ex trial than in the NOR-Ex trial (P<0.05). Conclusion Three sessions of 30 min exercise (60% of VO2max) in moderate hypoxia over 7.5 h did not attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses in young, overweight men. However, carbohydrate oxidation was significantly enhanced when the exercise was conducted in moderate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Morishima
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroto Sasaki
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kazushige Goto
- Graduate School of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Ethylacetate extracts of the muscles of Anguilla japonica suppress glucose levels in db/db mice via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Food Sci Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-014-0231-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Ha BG, Yonezawa T, Son MJ, Woo JT, Ohba S, Chung UI, Yagasaki K. Antidiabetic effect of nepodin, a component of Rumex roots, and its modes of action in vitro and in vivo. Biofactors 2014; 40:436-47. [PMID: 24756979 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Many active components derived from edible natural resources such as plant extracts have recently attracted attention for their potential use as functional foods or drugs for preventing and treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes. To obtain a novel modulator of glucose metabolism, we conducted screening of a small compound library in cultured L6 myotubes. We identified nepodin that stimulated glucose uptake dose-dependently in differentiated L6 myotubes. The stimulatory effect of nepodin on glucose uptake was abrogated by a 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. In addition, nepodin stimulated the phosphorylation of AMPK. Nepodin also stimulated the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane in L6 myoblasts transfected with a Glut4 cDNA-coding vector and in differentiated L6 myotubes. In in vivo study, nepodin suppressed the increases in fasting blood glucose levels and improved the glucose intolerance of C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, a type 2 diabetic animal model. Nepodin rescued the impaired phosphorylation of AMPK in the skeletal muscle of db/db mice. These results suggest that nepodin has an antidiabetic effect, which is at least partly mediated by stimulation of GLUT4 translocation via AMPK activation by nepodin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Geun Ha
- Department of Nutriproteomics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
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McCarty MF. AMPK activation--protean potential for boosting healthspan. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 36:641-663. [PMID: 24248330 PMCID: PMC4039279 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-013-9595-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) is activated when the cellular (AMP+ADP)/ATP ratio rises; it therefore serves as a detector of cellular "fuel deficiency." AMPK activation is suspected to mediate some of the health-protective effects of long-term calorie restriction. Several drugs and nutraceuticals which slightly and safely impede the efficiency of mitochondrial ATP generation-most notably metformin and berberine-can be employed as clinical AMPK activators and, hence, may have potential as calorie restriction mimetics for extending healthspan. Indeed, current evidence indicates that AMPK activators may reduce risk for atherosclerosis, heart attack, and stroke; help to prevent ventricular hypertrophy and manage congestive failure; ameliorate metabolic syndrome, reduce risk for type 2 diabetes, and aid glycemic control in diabetics; reduce risk for weight gain; decrease risk for a number of common cancers while improving prognosis in cancer therapy; decrease risk for dementia and possibly other neurodegenerative disorders; help to preserve the proper structure of bone and cartilage; and possibly aid in the prevention and control of autoimmunity. While metformin and berberine appear to have the greatest utility as clinical AMPK activators-as reflected by their efficacy in diabetes management-regular ingestion of vinegar, as well as moderate alcohol consumption, may also achieve a modest degree of health-protective AMPK activation. The activation of AMPK achievable with any of these measures may be potentiated by clinical doses of the drug salicylate, which can bind to AMPK and activate it allosterically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark F McCarty
- Catalytic Longevity, 7831 Rush Rose Dr., Apt. 316, Carlsbad, CA, 92009, USA,
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Jadhav KS, Dungan CM, Williamson DL. Metformin limits ceramide-induced senescence in C2C12 myoblasts. Mech Ageing Dev 2013; 134:548-59. [PMID: 24269881 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED High lipid and ceramide concentrations are hallmarks of obese and/or insulin resistant skeletal muscle, yet little is known about its role on cell cycle and senescence. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of ceramide on muscle senescence, and whether metformin limited this response. METHODS Low passage, proliferating C2C12 myoblasts were treated with a control, 50μM C2-ceramide (8h), and/or 2mM metformin, then examined for insulin sensitivity, cell senescence, cell proliferation, cell cycle, protein expression of cell cycle regulators. RESULTS Ceramide treatment caused a dephosphorylation (p<0.05) of Akt and 4E-BP1, regardless of the presence of insulin. The ceramide treated myoblasts displayed higher β-galactosidase staining (p<0.05), reduced BrDu incorporation and total number of cells (p<0.05), and an increased proportion of cells in G2-phase (p<0.05) versus control cultures. Ceramide treatment also upregulated (p<0.05) p53 and p21 protein expression, that was reversed by either pifithrin-α or shRNA for p53. Metformin limited (p<0.05) ceramide's effects on insulin signaling, senescence, and cell cycle regulation. CONCLUSIONS High ceramide concentrations reduced myoblast proliferation that was associated with aberrant cell cycle regulation and a senescent phenotype, which could provide an understanding of skeletal muscle cell adaptation during conditions of high intramuscular lipid deposition and/or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita S Jadhav
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Cory M Dungan
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - David L Williamson
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo SUNY, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA.
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Yuan HD, Kim JT, Chung SH. Pectinase-Processed Ginseng Radix (GINST) Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in High Fat Diet-Fed ICR Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2013; 20:220-5. [PMID: 24116299 PMCID: PMC3792222 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2012.20.2.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To develop a ginseng product possessing an efficacy for diabetes, ginseng radix ethanol extract was treated with pectinase and obtained the GINST. In the present study, we evaluate the beneficial effect of GINST on high fat diet (HFD)-induced hyper-glycemia and hyperlipidemia and action mechanism(s) in ICR mice. The mice were randomly divided into five groups: regular diet group (RD), high fat diet group (HFD), HFD plus GINST at 75 mg/kg (GINST75), 150 mg/kg (GINST150), and 300 mg/kg (GINST300). Oral glucose tolerance test reveals that GINST improves the glucose tolerance after glucose challenge. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin levels were decreased by 4.3% and 4.2% in GINST75, 10.9% and 20.0% in GINST150, and 19.6% and 20.9% in GINST300 compared to those in HFD control group. Insulin resistance indices were also markedly decreased by 8.2% in GINST75, 28.7% in GINST150, and 36.4% in GINST300, compared to the HFD control group. Plasma triglyceride, total cholesterol and non-esterified fatty acid levels in the GINST300 group were decreased by 13.5%, 22.7% and 24.1%, respectively, compared to those in HFD control group. Enlarged adipocytes of HFD control group were markedly decreased in GINST-treated groups, and shrunken islets of HFD control mice were brought back to near normal shape in GINST300 group. Furthermore, GINST enhanced phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). In summary, GINST prevents HFD-induced hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia through reducing insulin resistance via activating AMPK-GLUT4 pathways, and could be a potential therapeutic agent for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Dan Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea
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Lin CF, Young KC, Bai CH, Yu BC, Ma CT, Chien YC, Su HC, Wang HY, Liao CS, Lai HW, Tsao CW. Blockade of reactive oxygen species and Akt activation is critical for anti-inflammation and growth inhibition of metformin in phosphatase and tensin homolog-deficient RAW264.7 cells. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2013; 35:669-77. [PMID: 24053326 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2013.837059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin is widely used for treatment of type 2 diabetes and has a potential application on the treatment of inflammation and cancer. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and inflammation; however, precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of how PTEN regulates metformin against cell growth and inflammation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We established PTEN knockdown in RAW264.7 murine macrophages (shPTEN cells) to detect inflammatory mediators using commercial kits, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by flow cytometry, cell growth by MTT assay and phosphorylated levels of signal molecules by western blot. RESULTS The shPTEN cells had a significant large amount of inflammatory mediators, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)); and also elevated the production of ROS and increased cell proliferation. These effects were accompanied with the activation of Akt and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and the inactivation of an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Pretreatment with metformin not only blocked these inflammatory mediators, but also caused growth inhibition induced by significant apoptosis. Furthermore, inactivation of Akt, blockade of ROS generation and independence of activations of AMPK and MAPK by metformin were also observed. CONCLUSION Macrophages with PTEN deficiency developed a continuous inflammatory microenvironment, which further aggravated tumor cell growth. Moreover, metformin affected PTEN-deficient cells dependent of inhibition of ROS production and Akt activation against enlarged inflammatory mediators and/or cell growth in shPTEN cells.
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