1
|
Kallies A, Vasanthakumar A. Transcriptional and hormonal control of adipose Treg heterogeneity and function. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 38733158 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue stores excess energy and produces a broad range of factors that regulate multiple physiological processes including systemic energy homeostasis. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) plays a particularly important role in glucose metabolism as its endocrine function underpins food uptake and energy expenditure. Caloric excess triggers VAT inflammation which can impair insulin sensitivity and cause metabolic deregulation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) that reside in the VAT suppress inflammation and protect from metabolic disease. The cellular components of VAT and its secretory products play a vital role in fostering the differentiation and maintenance of VAT Tregs. Critically, the physiology and inflammatory tone of VAT exhibit sex-specific disparities, resulting in substantial VAT Treg heterogeneity. Indeed, cytokines and sex hormones promote the differentiation of distinct populations of mature VAT Tregs, each characterized by unique phenotypes, homeostatic requirements, and functions. This review focuses on key findings that have significantly advanced our understanding of VAT Treg biology and the current state of the field, while also discussing open questions that require further exploration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Axel Kallies
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mao T, Akshit FNU, Mohan MS. Effects of anthocyanin supplementation in diet on glycemic and related cardiovascular biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1199815. [PMID: 37810926 PMCID: PMC10556752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1199815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study is the first systematic review and meta-analysis based on RCTs on the effects of anthocyanins on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the effect on T2DM-related cardiovascular disease. Methods RCTs published in English from five electronic databases were evaluated for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), 2-h postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin, model assessment for insulin resistance, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. The quality of the studies was rated (Cochrane Risk of Bias tool) and weighted mean differences were calculated (DerSimonian-Laird model with random effects). Leave-one-out sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were conducted. The strength of the evidence was rated according to the GRADE guidelines. Results In all, 13 RCTs were analyzed out of the 239 identified studies, with a duration longer than 4 weeks (703 participants with T2DM). Our findings indicate that a median dose of 320 mg/day anthocyanins, either from fruit extracts or pure supplements, for a median intervention length of 8 weeks significantly reduced HbA1c [Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) -0.31, p = 0.00], FBG (WMD -0.63, p = 0.00), 2-h postprandial glucose (WMD -1.60, p = 0.00), TG (WMD -0.45, p = 0.01), and LDL (WMD -0.26 p = 0.02). However, the effects of anthocyanins on fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, TC, HDL cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure in patients with T2DM were not statistically significant. Anthocyanins from fruit extracts or powder exhibited a higher reduction of HbA1c compared to pure anthocyanin supplements. Conclusion The significant improvements in glycemic parameters and lipid profile, suggest the benefits of anthocyanins, especially from fruit extract or powder, in the management of T2DM, and their ability to delay the onset of lipid disorder-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease associated with T2DM. The mechanism behind this reduction in glycemic markers could be attributed to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of anthocyanins. Further research with well-designed RCTs is required to determine the optimal dosage of anthocyanins for the treatment of T2DM and to comprehend the consequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maneesha S. Mohan
- Alfred Dairy Science Laboratory, Department of Dairy and Food Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gu X, Tang D, Xuan Y, Shen Y, Lu LQ. Association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and peripheral neuropathy in US population, a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5304. [PMID: 37002268 PMCID: PMC10066263 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an important risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is regarded as one of the main microvascular complications of diabetes. But the association of NAFLD with PN is still unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between NAFLD and PN in US population by conducting a cross-sectional study. We enrolled 3029 participants aged 40-85 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. NAFLD was defined as a US Fatty Liver Index (FLI) score ≥ 30, and PN was defined as having one or more insensate areas on either foot. Participants were divided into two groups (with or without PN). We performed multivariate logistic regression models to evaluate the association between NAFLD and PN. Subgroup analyses were used to find out whether the association was stable in different stratified groups. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the results. All the analyses were weighted. Among the individuals, 524 (17.3%) had PN and 1250 (41.27%) had NAFLD. In the multivariate logistic regression models, NAFLD was associated with an increased risk of PN (OR 1.44 [1.03 ~ 2.02]) after fully adjusting for covariates. In the subgroup analyses, NAFLD was significantly associated with PN in the age group (40-64 years), compared with those in the age group (65-85 years), (P for interaction: 0.004). The results of association of NAFLD with PN were stable in sensitivity analyses. In this cross-sectional study among US adults aged 40-85 years old, NAFLD was associated with an increased likelihood of prevalent PN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Dou Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xuan
- Department of Endocrinology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Qun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, RuiJin Hospital Lu Wan Branch, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 149 Chongqing South Road, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cacciatore I, Spalletta S, Di Rienzo A, Flati V, Fornasari E, Pierdomenico L, Del Boccio P, Valentinuzzi S, Costantini E, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conte C, Di Stefano A, Robuffo I. Anti-Obesity and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Carvacrol Derivatives on 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030340. [PMID: 36986440 PMCID: PMC10055808 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Obesity, a complex metabolic disease resulting from an imbalance between food consumption and energy expenditure, leads to an increase in adipocytes and chronic inflammatory conditions. The aim of this paper was to synthesize a small series of carvacrol derivatives (CD1-3) that are able to reduce both adipogenesis and the inflammatory status often associated with the progression of the obesity disease. (2) Methods: The synthesis of CD1-3 was performed using classical procedures in a solution phase. Biological studies were performed on three cell lines: 3T3-L1, WJ-MSCs, and THP-1. The anti-adipogenic properties of CD1-3 were evaluated using western blotting and densitometric analysis by assessing the expression of obesity-related proteins, such as ChREBP. The anti-inflammatory effect was estimated by measuring the reduction in TNF-α expression in CD1-3-treated THP-1 cells. (3) Results: CD1-3—obtained through a direct linkage between the carboxylic moiety of anti-inflammatory drugs (Ibuprofen, Flurbiprofen, and Naproxen) and the hydroxyl group of carvacrol—have an inhibitory effect on the accumulation of lipids in both 3T3-L1 and WJ-MSCs cell cultures and an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing TNF- α levels in THP-1 cells. (4) Conclusions: Considering the physicochemical properties, stability, and biological data, the CD3 derivative—obtained by a direct linkage between carvacrol and naproxen—resulted in the best candidate, displaying anti-obesity and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-871-355-44-75
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Di Rienzo
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center on Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Erica Costantini
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Innovative Technology in Medicine and Odontoiatrics, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Carmela Conte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Center on Advanced Studies and Technologies (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics “Luigi Luca Cavalli Sforza”, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Krajewski PK, Matusiak Ł, Szepietowski JC. Adipokines as an important link between hidradenitis suppurativa and obesity: a narrative review. Br J Dermatol 2023; 188:320-327. [PMID: 36641766 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, recurrent, debilitating disorder of the pilosebaceous unit. Although its pathophysiology is not fully explained, inflammation seems to play an essential role in the development of HS. A link between obesity - often considered a state of chronic inflammation - and a higher prevalence of HS has been described. Nevertheless, the exact association is not well understood. Adipose tissue is a highly active endocrine organ that produces and secretes a variety of metabolically and immunologically active molecules called adipokines. The imbalances in concentrations of several adipokines in patients with HS have already been described. A shift towards the overproduction of proinflammatory adipokines (including leptin, resistin and visfatin) with the suppression of anti-inflammatory ones (adiponectin) has been noted. We conducted a review of the available data on adipokines in HS, concentrating on the described imbalances in adipokine concentrations, as well as possible implications in HS pathogenesis. Moreover, new, unstudied adipokines with possible implications in the development of HS are proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr K Krajewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Łukasz Matusiak
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tovy A, Reyes JM, Zhang L, Huang YH, Rosas C, Daquinag AC, Guzman A, Ramabadran R, Chen CW, Gu T, Gupta S, Ortinau L, Park D, Cox AR, Rau RE, Hartig SM, Kolonin MG, Goodell MA. Constitutive loss of DNMT3A causes morbid obesity through misregulation of adipogenesis. eLife 2022; 11:e72359. [PMID: 35635747 PMCID: PMC9150890 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA Methyltransferase 3 A (DNMT3A) is an important facilitator of differentiation of both embryonic and hematopoietic stem cells. Heterozygous germline mutations in DNMT3A lead to Tatton-Brown-Rahman Syndrome (TBRS), characterized by obesity and excessive height. While DNMT3A is known to impact feeding behavior via the hypothalamus, here we investigated a role in adipocyte progenitors utilizing heterozygous knockout mice that recapitulate cardinal TBRS phenotypes. These mice become morbidly obese due to adipocyte enlargement and tissue expansion. Adipose tissue in these mice exhibited defects in preadipocyte maturation and precocious activation of inflammatory gene networks, including interleukin-6 signaling. Adipocyte progenitor cell lines lacking DNMT3A exhibited aberrant differentiation. Furthermore, mice in which Dnmt3a was specifically ablated in adipocyte progenitors showed enlarged fat depots and increased progenitor numbers, partly recapitulating the TBRS obesity phenotypes. Loss of DNMT3A led to constitutive DNA hypomethylation, such that the DNA methylation landscape of young adipocyte progenitors resemble that of older wild-type mice. Together, our results demonstrate that DNMT3A coordinates both the central and local control of energy storage required to maintain normal weight and prevent inflammatory obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Tovy
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Jaime M Reyes
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Linda Zhang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Yung-Hsin Huang
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Carina Rosas
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Alexes C Daquinag
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science CenterHoustonUnited States
| | - Anna Guzman
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Raghav Ramabadran
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Tianpeng Gu
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Sinjini Gupta
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Laura Ortinau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonUnited States
| | - Dongsu Park
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Disease, Institute of Molecular Medicine, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonUnited States
| | - Aaron R Cox
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Rachel E Rau
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's HospitalHoustonUnited States
| | - Sean M Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- Graduate Program in Translational Biology and Molecular Medicine, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| | - Margaret A Goodell
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHoustonUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Scott SR, Manczak EM. Metabolic proteins at birth predict early childhood mental health symptoms. Dev Psychobiol 2022; 64:e22248. [PMID: 35191530 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Child mental health disorders are the leading cause of disability in children and adolescents worldwide. Biological correlates predict psychosocial outcomes throughout human development; however, less is known about metabolic proteins. Drawing from a longitudinal birth cohort study, Born in Bradford (BiB), we examined the role of infant metabolic proteins at birth in predicting early childhood mental health symptoms at 3 and 5 years. We found that higher leptin predicted more prosocial behavior at age 3. Additionally, a higher leptin-to-adiponectin ratio predicted increased total symptom difficulties. At age 5, we found that higher adiponectin predicted a decreased likelihood of being rated by teachers as meeting or exceeding expectations in the domain of "managing feelings and behaviors" and marginally predicted lower competency in "making relationships" on national developmental milestone evaluations. To our knowledge, this is among the first few studies to prospectively predict mental health symptoms from cord blood metabolic proteins, and the first examining this association with a leptin-to-adiponectin ratio. Our results provide support for the possibility that metabolic proteins at birth forecast risk for mental health symptoms in early childhood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R Scott
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Erika M Manczak
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Different Changes in Adipokines, Lipid Profile, and TNF-Alpha Levels between 10 and 20 Whole Body Cryostimulation Sessions in Individuals with I and II Degrees of Obesity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020269. [PMID: 35203477 PMCID: PMC8869184 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. While cold therapy influences the pro/antioxidative status of an individual, by affecting adipokine levels and the lipid profile, the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the response to cold exposure is unclear. We analyzed the link between BMI and the differences in effects of whole-body stimulation, depending on the number of treatments, on specific physiological parameters in men. Twenty-seven non-active men were divided into three groups: N (n = 9, BMI < 24.9), IOb (n = 9, BMI 30.0–34.9), and IIOb (BMI ≥ 35.0). The subjects participated in 20 3-min cryochamber sessions (−120 °C), 1/day, 5 days/week. Body composition was analyzed before and after treatment. Blood adiponectin (ADP), leptin (LEP), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels, and the lipid profile were analyzed three times: at baseline and up to 2 h after 10 and 20 sessions. The 20 treatments caused significant changes in body composition. Between 10 and 20 whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) sessions, a significant decreased was observed in the LEP and TNF-alpha levels. No significant changes in the lipid profile were noted. However, a positive tendency to regain the metabolic balance in adipose tissue was apparent in the IOb group in the tested period (decreased TG levels, increased HDL levels or the HDL/LDL ratio, and significantly decreased visceral adiposity index levels). Collectively, for people with obesity increasing the number of treatments above the standard 10 should be recommended.
Collapse
|
9
|
Campos JTADM, Oliveira MSD, Soares LP, Medeiros KAD, Campos LRDS, Lima JG. DNA repair-related genes and adipogenesis: Lessons from congenital lipodystrophies. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220086. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
|
10
|
Lv YT, Zeng JJ, Lu JY, Zhang XY, Xu PP, Su Y. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) influences adipocytes injuries through triggering XBP1 and activating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Adipocyte 2021; 10:28-37. [PMID: 33393852 PMCID: PMC7801122 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1856527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is an important public-health problem worldwide. This study aimed to determine effects of porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) on adipocytes injuries and explore associated mechanisms. Adipocytes were isolated from SD rats. pLVX-XBP1 (XBP1 over-expression) and pLVX-XBP1-RNAi (silencing XBP1) were structured and transfected into adipocytes. All adipocytes were divided into pLVX-NC, pLVX-XBP1, pLVX-NC+Pg-LPS and pLVX-XBP1+ Pg-LPS group. Oil-Red O staining was employed to identify isolated adipocytes. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to examine gene transcription of IL-6, TNF-α, leptin, adiponectin. Western blotting was used to detect Bax and caspase-3 expression. Adipocytes were successfully isolated and identified with Oil-Red O staining. Both XBP1 mimic and XBP1 RNAi were effectively transfected into adipocytes with higher expressing efficacy. XBP1 over-expression significantly aggravated Pg-LPS induced inflammatory response compared to adipocytes without Pg-LPS treatment (p<0.05). Pg-LPS significantly enhanced leptin and inhibited adiponectin expression by up-regulating XBP1 expression (p<0.05). XBP1 silence significantly alleviated Pg-LPS induced inflammatory response and reduced leptin, enhanced adiponectin expression in Pg-LPS treated adipocytes compared to adipocytes without Pg-LPS treatment (p<0.05). Pg-LPS induced apoptosis of adipocytes by enhancing XBP1 expression and modulating Bcl-2/Bax pathway associated molecules. In conclusion, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) induces adipocytes injuries through modulating XBP1 expression and initialling mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Tao Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Jin Zeng
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Yi Lu
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Yang Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- , Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Shunde, China
| | - Ping-Ping Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Su
- Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- , Stomatology Center, Shunde Hospital, Southern Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Shunde), Shunde, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ludwig DS, Aronne LJ, Astrup A, de Cabo R, Cantley LC, Friedman MI, Heymsfield SB, Johnson JD, King JC, Krauss RM, Lieberman DE, Taubes G, Volek JS, Westman EC, Willett WC, Yancy WS, Ebbeling CB. The carbohydrate-insulin model: a physiological perspective on the obesity pandemic. Am J Clin Nutr 2021; 114:1873-1885. [PMID: 34515299 PMCID: PMC8634575 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
According to a commonly held view, the obesity pandemic is caused by overconsumption of modern, highly palatable, energy-dense processed foods, exacerbated by a sedentary lifestyle. However, obesity rates remain at historic highs, despite a persistent focus on eating less and moving more, as guided by the energy balance model (EBM). This public health failure may arise from a fundamental limitation of the EBM itself. Conceptualizing obesity as a disorder of energy balance restates a principle of physics without considering the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. An alternative paradigm, the carbohydrate-insulin model (CIM), proposes a reversal of causal direction. According to the CIM, increasing fat deposition in the body-resulting from the hormonal responses to a high-glycemic-load diet-drives positive energy balance. The CIM provides a conceptual framework with testable hypotheses for how various modifiable factors influence energy balance and fat storage. Rigorous research is needed to compare the validity of these 2 models, which have substantially different implications for obesity management, and to generate new models that best encompass the evidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David S Ludwig
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis J Aronne
- Comprehensive Weight Control Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arne Astrup
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise, and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rafael de Cabo
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark I Friedman
- Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Metabolism & Body Composition Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - James D Johnson
- Diabetes Research Group, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Institute for Personalized Therapeutic Nutrition, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Janet C King
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Daniel E Lieberman
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gary Taubes
- Nutrition Science Initiative, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eric C Westman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William S Yancy
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cara B Ebbeling
- New Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Castro-Rodríguez DC, Reyes-Castro LA, Vega CC, Rodríguez-González GL, Yáñez-Fernández J, Zambrano E. Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SD23 Prevents Metabolic Dysfunction Associated with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity in Male Mice. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021; 12:505-516. [PMID: 31129870 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-09556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) consumption induces obesity and increases blood glucose, insulin resistance, and metabolic disorders. Recent studies suggest that probiotics might be a novel approach to counteract these effects in the treatment of obesity. Here, we evaluated the effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides SD23 on obesity-related metabolic dysfunction. In the present study, mice were randomly divided into four dietary groups: standard diet (C), HFD (OB), standard diet with L. mesenteroides SD23 (CP), and HFD with L. mesenteroides SD23 (OBP). Diets were maintained for 14 weeks. Animal weight was monitored and biochemical and histological analyses were performed after intervention. OB showed metabolic dysfunction, and increased the number of larger adipocytes compared to C. OB induced liver tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, increased cholesterol, leptin, and glucose levels compared to C. OBP reduced body weight, glucose, cholesterol, and leptin levels and improved glucose tolerance compared to OB. OBP also reduced liver steatosis, the number of larger adipocytes in adipose tissue, and reduced the villus height in the small intestine. OBP decreased expression of TNF-α and increased expression of IL-10 in liver. The parameters evaluated in the CP were similar to the C. This study provides novel evidence that dietary intervention with L. mesenteroides SD23 improves metabolic dysfunction related to obesity in HFD-fed mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C Castro-Rodríguez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.,Bioprocess Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,CONACyT-Cátedras, Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia C Vega
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Yáñez-Fernández
- Bioprocess Department, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología (UPIBI), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shokrollahi B, Shang JH, Saadati N, Ahmad HI, Yang CY. Reproductive roles of novel adipokines apelin, visfatin, and irisin in farm animals. Theriogenology 2021; 172:178-186. [PMID: 34175524 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The adipose tissue has a substantial impact on reproduction in mammals, specifically in females. As an energy depository organ, it is precisely associated with the reproductive success of mammals. Adipose tissue secretes many single molecules that are called 'adipokines' which mainly act as endocrine hormones. Adipokines homeostasis is fundamental to energy regulation, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. The endocrine function of adipokines is influential for the long-term control of energy metabolism and performs an important function in metabolic state and fertility modulation. During the last years, new roles for adipokines have been appearing in the field of fertility. The adipokines have functions in reproduction at levels of the hypothalamus, the pituitary, and the gonads in humans, rodents, and other animals. Normal levels of adipokines are indispensable to protect the integrity of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonadal axis, regular ovulatory processes, and successful embryo implantation. Leptin and adiponectin are the most studied adipokines, but also the novel adipokines; apelin, visfatin, and irisin are important adipokines having several functions within the reproductive tract. Due to the known and unknown effects of these novel adipokines in the reproduction of farm animals, in this review, we will highlight the reproductive functions of apelin, visfatin, and irisin and summarize the known reproductive effects in farm animals to introduce the gaps for future studies in farm animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Borhan Shokrollahi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Jiang-Hua Shang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| | - Nazila Saadati
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kurdistan University, Sanandaj, Kurdistan province, Iran
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Chun-Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530001, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mahmoud HEDA, Yousry WA, Saleh SA, El Badry M, Hussein A, Ali MH, El-Hariri HM. Renal resistive index in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as an indicator of early renal affection. EGYPTIAN LIVER JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s43066-019-0006-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a possible risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal resistive index (RRI) which is a ratio of peak systolic and end diastolic velocity can test arterial stiffness and endothelial renal dysfunction. The aim of the work is to detect the relation between NAFLD and RRI as an indicator of early renal affection and its relation to the disease severity. This study included 150 subjects divided into 3 groups: patients with NASH, simple steatosis, and control group (50 patients each). All patients were subjected to full history taking, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, abdominal ultrasound examination, and RRI measurement.
Results
6.0% of NASH patients had significant fibrosis by NAFLD fibrosis score. RRI was significantly higher in NASH patients with fibrosis (mean = 0.74) than NASH patients without fibrosis (mean = 0.65) and patients with simple steatosis (mean = 0.63). It was the lowest in normal controls (mean = 0.61). There were significant correlations between RRI and age, BMI, serum lipids, liver enzymes, and NAFLD fibrosis score. Multiple linear regression analysis found that age and serum cholesterol were significant independent factors of increased RRI (p < 0.0001). RRI showed low diagnostic performance in differentiation between NASH and simple steatosis using ROC curve.
Conclusion
RRI was significantly higher in NASH patients with and without hepatic fibrosis. RRI correlates significantly with NAFLD fibrosis score. RRI can be used as an indicator of early renal affection in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
|
15
|
Li YY, Cao CY, Zhou YL, Nie YQ, Cao J, Zhou YJ. The roles and interaction of FXR and PPARs in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Arab J Gastroenterol 2020; 21:162-168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajg.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
16
|
Torrente C, Manzanilla EG, Bosch L, Villaverde C, Pastor J, Ruiz de Gopegui R, Tvarijonaviciute A. Adiponectin as a sepsis biomarker in dogs: Diagnostic and prognostic value. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:333-344. [PMID: 32510619 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin (ADPN) is an adipocytokine with insulin-sensitizing, vascular-protective, and anti-inflammatory properties for which concentration changes occur in response to inflammation. Little is known about the regulation of ADPN and the impact of this adipocytokine in septic dogs. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic value of ADPN vs other traditional acute-phase proteins (APPs), such as albumin (ALB), haptoglobin (HPT), fibrinogen (FBG), ferritin (FRT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in dogs with naturally acquired sepsis. METHODS This prospective observational study included 20 dogs with sepsis, 27 with low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI), and 18 clinically healthy dogs as controls. For method analyses, plasma samples were obtained from all dogs on admission and then every 24-48 hours until discharge or death in the septic group. RESULTS Septic dogs had lower ADPN (2.4 ± 0.46 vs 4.5 ± 0.41mg/L, P < .001) dand ALB (17 ± 1 vs 22 ± 0.8g/L, P = .002), and tended to have higher CRP (87 ± 4.8 vs 73 ± 4.1mg/L, P < .079) concentrations than dogs with LGSI on admission. Only ADPN and ALB were able to successfully discriminate animals with LGSI from those presenting with sepsis with areas under the curve (AUCs) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of 0.811 and 0.789, respectively. In the septic group, ADPN concentration did not differ between survivors and non-survivors, either on admission or at discharge or death. CONCLUSIONS Although plasma ADPN can be used as a reliable negative APP in dogs with sepsis, further studies are warranted to confirm the usefulness of this biomarker in terms of disease progression and recovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Torrente
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Edgar G Manzanilla
- Teagasc, Animal and Grassland Research Center, Moorepark, Cork and School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luis Bosch
- Servei d'Emergències i Cures Intensives, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.,Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Josep Pastor
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Pathology, Interlab-UMU, Campus of Excellence Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gewehr MCF, Silverio R, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS, Reckziegel P, Ferro ES. Peptides from Natural or Rationally Designed Sources Can Be Used in Overweight, Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes Therapies. Molecules 2020; 25:E1093. [PMID: 32121443 PMCID: PMC7179135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are among the most prominent health problems in the modern world, mostly because they are either associated with or increase the risk of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and/or cancer. Most professional organizations define overweight and obesity according to individual body-mass index (BMI, weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters). Overweight is defined as individuals with BMI from 25 to 29, and obesity as individuals with BMI ≥30. Obesity is the result of genetic, behavioral, environmental, physiological, social, and cultural factors that result in energy imbalance and promote excessive fat deposition. Despite all the knowledge concerning the pathophysiology of obesity, which is considered a disease, none of the existing treatments alone or in combination can normalize blood glucose concentration and prevent debilitating complications from obesity. This review discusses some new perspectives for overweight and obesity treatments, including the use of the new orally active cannabinoid peptide Pep19, the advantage of which is the absence of undesired central nervous system effects usually experienced with other cannabinoids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mayara C. F. Gewehr
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Renata Silverio
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil;
| | - José Cesar Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Fabio S. Lira
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Presidente Prudente 19060-900, Brazil;
| | - Patrícia Reckziegel
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology (INFAR), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| | - Emer S. Ferro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effects of excess sugars and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. GENES AND NUTRITION 2020; 15:1. [PMID: 32015763 PMCID: PMC6988283 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-020-0659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Excessive intake of carbohydrates and fats causes over-nutrition, leading to a variety of diseases and complications. Here, we characterized the effects of different types of sugar and lipids on the growth and development of Caenorhabditis elegans. Methods We measured the lifespan, reproductive capacity, and length of nematodes after sugars and lipids treatment alone and co-treatment of sugars and lipids. Furthermore, we studied the mechanisms underlying the damage caused by high-sucrose and high-stearic acid on C.elegans by using transcriptome sequencing technology. Results The results showed that a certain concentration of sugar and lipid promoted the growth and development of nematodes. However, excessive sugars and lipids shortened the lifespan and length of nematodes and destroyed their reproductive capacity. Based on the results of the orthogonal test, we selected 400 mmol/L sucrose and 500 μg/mL stearic acid to model a high-sugar and high-lipid diet for C. elegans. Conclusion High-sugar and high-lipid intake altered the expression of genes involved in biofilm synthesis, genes that catalyze the synthesis and degradation of endogenous substances, and genes involved in innate immunity, resulting in physiological damage. Furthermore, we explored the protective effect of resveratrol on high-sugar and high-lipid damage to nematodes. Resveratrol plays a role in repairing by participating in the metabolism of foreign substances and reducing cellular oxidative stress.
Collapse
|
19
|
Idrizaj E, Garella R, Squecco R, Baccari MC. Adipocytes-released Peptides Involved in the Control of Gastrointestinal Motility. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2019; 20:614-629. [PMID: 30663565 DOI: 10.2174/1389203720666190121115356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The present review focuses on adipocytes-released peptides known to be involved in the control of gastrointestinal motility, acting both centrally and peripherally. Thus, four peptides have been taken into account: leptin, adiponectin, nesfatin-1, and apelin. The discussion of the related physiological or pathophysiological roles, based on the most recent findings, is intended to underlie the close interactions among adipose tissue, central nervous system, and gastrointestinal tract. The better understanding of this complex network, as gastrointestinal motor responses represent peripheral signals involved in the regulation of food intake through the gut-brain axis, may also furnish a cue for the development of either novel therapeutic approaches in the treatment of obesity and eating disorders or potential diagnostic tools.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eglantina Idrizaj
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rachele Garella
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Roberta Squecco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Baccari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Section of Physiological Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Monk JM, Wu W, Lepp D, Wellings HR, Hutchinson AL, Liddle DM, Graf D, Pauls KP, Robinson LE, Power KA. Navy bean supplemented high-fat diet improves intestinal health, epithelial barrier integrity and critical aspects of the obese inflammatory phenotype. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:91-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
21
|
Carcinoembryonic Cell Adhesion-Related Molecule 2 Regulates Insulin Secretion and Energy Balance. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133231. [PMID: 31266142 PMCID: PMC6651791 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM) family of proteins plays a significant role in regulating peripheral insulin action by participating in the regulation of insulin metabolism and energy balance. In light of their differential expression, CEACAM1 regulates chiefly insulin extraction, whereas CEACAM2 appears to play a more important role in regulating insulin secretion and overall energy balance, including food intake, energy expenditure and spontaneous physical activity. We will focus this review on the role of CEACAM2 in regulating insulin metabolism and energy balance with an overarching goal to emphasize the importance of the coordinated regulatory effect of these related plasma membrane glycoproteins on insulin metabolism and action.
Collapse
|
22
|
Abundance of adiponectin mRNA transcript in the buffalo corpus luteum during the estrous cycle and effects on progesterone secretion in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 208:106110. [PMID: 31405469 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte derived cytokine implicated in energy homeostasis, insulin resistance and is involved in the regulation of reproduction both centrally and peripherally in animals. The present study was conducted to investigate adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and its receptors ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 abundance of mRNA transcript and protein in different stages of corpora lutea (CL) development during the estrous cycle of water buffalo and to determine the effect of adiponectin on cultured luteal cells of water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The results indicate adiponectin, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 were present in buffalo corpora lutea (CL) throughout the estrous cycle. The abundance of adiponectin and its receptors was greater in the early and regressing and was less in mid- and late-stages of CL functionality. Adiponectin and its receptors were localized in the cytoplasm of small and large luteal cells. Furthermore, luteal cells were cultured in the in-vitro culture system and were treated with 1 and 10 μg/mL dose of adiponectin for 48 h. Adiponectin at both doses decreased (P < 0.05) progesterone (P4) secretion from cultured luteal cells and also suppressed the abundance of factors involved in P4productionv [Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory Protein (STAR), cytochrome P45011A1 (CYP11A1) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B1) at the 10 μg/mL dose as compared to adiponectin non-supplemented cells]. In conclusion, results of the present study indicate adiponectin and its receptors are present in bubaline CL and adiponectin inhibits P4 production in cultured luteal cells. The findings indicate adiponectin affects luteal dynamics and reproductive functions in water buffalo.
Collapse
|
23
|
Sejooti SS, Naher S, Hoque MM, Zaman MS, Aminur Rashid HM. Frequency of insulin resistance in nondiabetic adult Bangladeshi individuals of different obesity phenotypes. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:62-67. [PMID: 30641777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2018.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Insulin resistance (IR) is the corner stone of metabolic obesity. This cross-sectional analytical study was aimed to find out the frequency of IR in non-diabetic adult individuals of different obesity phenotypes that would help to implement preventive measures to avoid the cardiometabolic catastrophes. METHODS Total 955 nondiabetic adult individuals were selected and categorized into six metabolic phenotypes by metabolic syndrome criteria in each BMI group (18.5-24.9-normal weight, 25-29.9-overweight, ≥30-obese). From them, metabolically obese normal weight, metabolically obese overweight, metabolically healthy obese and metabolically unhealthy obese were selected as Obesity phenotypes (N = 616). RESULTS The frequency of IR was found to be very high (60.2%) in total nondiabetic adult obese individuals (N = 616). Highest frequency of IR was found in MUO phenotype (76.3%), lowest frequency of IR was found in MONW phenotype (37.1%) and frequency of IR in MOOW and MHO phenotypes found to be identical but significantly (p < 0.0001) less than MUO and significantly (p < 0.0001) more than MONW phenotype. Among the obesity phenotypes, females were more insulin resistant than males (67.5% vs 48.1% respectively, p < 0.05). Frequency of IR found significantly (p < 0.05) more in female than male in all obesity phenotypes except in MUO phenotype where males found to show significantly (p < 0.05) higher frequency than females. Frequency of IR was significantly higher in younger (20-39 yrs) age group than 40-60 yrs age group (63.2% vs 53.5% respectively, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION IR is alarmingly high (60.2%) in nondiabetic adult obese individuals. Among different obesity phenotypes, it is highest (76.3%) in MUO and lowest (37.1%) in MONW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shabnam Sarwar Sejooti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science and Paraclinical Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Sabikun Naher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science and Paraclinical Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mozammel Hoque
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science and Paraclinical Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Shiblee Zaman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Science and Paraclinical Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Shahbag, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - H M Aminur Rashid
- Department of Medicine, National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Nilaweera KN, Speakman JR. Regulation of intestinal growth in response to variations in energy supply and demand. Obes Rev 2018; 19 Suppl 1:61-72. [PMID: 30511508 PMCID: PMC6334514 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The growth of the intestine requires energy, which is known to be met by catabolism of ingested nutrients. Paradoxically, during whole body energy deficit including calorie restriction, the intestine grows in size. To understand how and why this happens, we reviewed data from several animal models of energetic challenge. These were bariatric surgery, cold exposure, lactation, dietary whey protein intake and calorie restriction. Notably, these challenges all reduced the adipose tissue mass, altered hypothalamic neuropeptide expression and increased intestinal size. Based on these data, we propose that the loss of energy in the adipose tissue promotes the growth of the intestine via a signalling mechanism involving the hypothalamus. We discuss possible candidates in this pathway including data showing a correlative change in intestinal (ileal) expression of the cyclin D1 gene with adipose tissue mass, adipose derived-hormone leptin and hypothalamic expression of leptin receptor and the pro-opiomelanocortin gene. The ability of the intestine to grow in size during depletion of energy stores provides a mechanism to maximize assimilation of ingested energy and in turn sustain critical functions of tissues important for survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K N Nilaweera
- Department of Food Biosciences, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland
| | - J R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Spalletta S, Flati V, Toniato E, Di Gregorio J, Marino A, Pierdomenico L, Marchisio M, D’Orazi G, Cacciatore I, Robuffo I. Carvacrol reduces adipogenic differentiation by modulating autophagy and ChREBP expression. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206894. [PMID: 30418986 PMCID: PMC6231630 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Obesity is the result of white adipose tissue accumulation where excess of food energy is stored to form triglycerides. De novo lipogenesis (DNL) is the continuous process of new fat production and is driven by the transcription factor ChREBP. During adipogenesis, white adipocytes change their morphology and the entire cell volume is occupied by one large lipid droplet. Recent studies have implicated an essential role of autophagy in adipogenic differentiation, cytoplasmic remodelling and mitochondria reorganization. The phenolic monoterpenoid carvacrol (2-methyl-5-[1-methylethyl]phenol), produced by numerous aromatic plants, has been shown to reduce lipid accumulation in murine 3T3-L1 cells during adipogenic differentiation by modulating genes associated with adipogenesis and inflammation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether carvacrol could affect autophagy and ChREBP expression during adipogenic differentiation. Methods The study was carried on by using the murine 3T3-L1 and the human WJ-MSCs (Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells) cell lines. Cells undergoing adipogenic differentiation were untreated or treated with carvacrol. Adipogenic differentiation was assessed by analyzing cellular lipid accumulation with Oil-Red O staining and by ultrastructural examination with TEM. Autophagy was evaluated by western immunoblotting of autophagy markers LC3B and p62/SQSTM and by ultrastructural examination of autophagic bodies. Autophagic flux was evaluated by using autophagy inhibitor cloroquine (CQ). ChREBP expression levels was assessed by both western blotting and immunoelectron microscopy and ChREBP activity by analysis of adipogenic target genes expression. Results We found that carvacrol reduced adipogenic differentiation of about 40% and 30% in, respectively, 3T3-L1 and in WJ-MSCs cells. The effect of carvacrol on adipogenic differentiation correlated with both reduction of autophagy and reduction of ChREBP expression. Conclusion The results support the notion that carvacrol, through its effect on autophagy (essential for adipocyte maturation) and on ChREBP activity, could be used as a valuable adjuvant to reduce adipogenic differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Spalletta
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonio Marino
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Pierdomenico
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center (CeSI-Met), Gabriele D’Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Marchisio
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Aging Research Center (CeSI-Met), Gabriele D’Annunzio University Foundation, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gabriella D’Orazi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tu P, Bian X, Chi L, Gao B, Ru H, Knobloch TJ, Weghorst CM, Lu K. Characterization of the Functional Changes in Mouse Gut Microbiome Associated with Increased Akkermansia muciniphila Population Modulated by Dietary Black Raspberries. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:10927-10937. [PMID: 30288460 PMCID: PMC6166222 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome plays an essential role in host health through host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Desirable modulation of beneficial gut bacteria, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, can confer health benefits by altering microbiome-related metabolic profiles. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a black raspberry-rich diet to reshape the gut microbiome by selectively boosting A. muciniphila population in C57BL/6J mice. Remarkable changes of the mouse gut microbiome were revealed at both compositional and functional levels with an expected increase of A. muciniphila in concert with a profound impact on multiple gut microbiome-related functions, including vitamin biosynthesis, aromatic amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and oxidative stress. These functional alterations in the gut microbiome by an easily accessed freeze-dried black raspberry-supplemented diet may provide novel insights on the improvement of human health via gut microbiome modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Tu
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519, United States
| | - Xiaoming Bian
- Department
of Environmental Health Science, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Liang Chi
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519, United States
| | - Bei Gao
- Department
of Environmental Health Science, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Hongyu Ru
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519, United States
| | - Thomas J. Knobloch
- Division of Environmental
Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Christopher M. Weghorst
- Division of Environmental
Health Sciences, College of Public Health and Comprehensive
Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kun Lu
- Department
of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27519, United States
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and albuminuria has been shown in many epidemiologic studies, although the results were inconsistent. This meta-analysis was conducted to summarize all available data and to estimate the risk of albuminuria among patients with NAFLD. METHODS Comprehensive literature review was conducted utilizing Medline and Embase database through January 2018 to identify studies that compared the risk of albuminuria among patients with NAFLD versus those without NAFLD. Effect estimates from each study were extracted and combined using the random-effect, generic inverse variance method of DerSimonian and Laird. RESULTS Nineteen studies (17 cross-sectional studies and two cohort studies) with 24 804 participants fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were included in this meta-analysis. The risk of albuminuria among patients with NAFLD was significantly higher than those without NAFLD with the pooled odds ratio (OR) of 1.67 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-2.11]. Subgroup analysis demonstrated the significantly increased risk of albuminuria among patients with NAFLD without diabetes with pooled OR of 2.25 (95% CI: 1.65-3.06). However, we found no significant association between albuminuria and NAFLD among diabetic patients [pooled OR 1.28 (95% CI: 0.94-1.75)]. CONCLUSION A significantly increased risk of albuminuria among patients with NAFLD was observed in this meta-analysis. Physicians should pay more attention to the early detection and subsequent treatment of individuals with microalbuminuria especially in patients with NAFLD.
Collapse
|
28
|
Caffarelli C, Santamaria F, Di Mauro D, Mastrorilli C, Montella S, Tchana B, Valerio G, Verrotti A, Valenzise M, Bernasconi S, Corsello G. Advances in pediatrics in 2017: current practices and challenges in allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology from the perspective of Italian Journal of Pediatrics. Ital J Pediatr 2018; 44:82. [PMID: 30016966 PMCID: PMC6050676 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-018-0524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an overview of a remarkable number of significant studies in pediatrics that have been published over the past year in the Italian Journal of Pediatrics. We have selected information from papers presented in the Journal that deal with allergy, endocrinology, gastroenterology, genetics, immunology, infectious diseases, neonatology, nephrology, neurology, pulmonology. The relevant epidemiologic findings, and developments in prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the last year have been discussed and placed in context. We think that advances achieved in 2017 will help readers to make the future of patients better.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Caffarelli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Santamaria
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Dora Di Mauro
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Carla Mastrorilli
- Clinica Pediatrica, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Silvia Montella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bertrand Tchana
- Cardiologia Pediatrica, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Parma, Italy
| | - Giuliana Valerio
- Pediatria, Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere, Università di Napoli Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Verrotti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Mariella Valenzise
- UOC Clinica Pediatrica AOU G, Martino Università di Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernasconi
- Pediatrics Honorary Member University Faculty, G D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother and Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohamad M, Loy SL, Lim PY, Wang Y, Soo KL, Mohamed HJJ. Maternal Serum and Breast Milk Adiponectin: The Association with Infant Adiposity Development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1250. [PMID: 29895806 PMCID: PMC6025015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in Malaysia. Metabolic changes during pregnancy are critical to the development of infant adiposity, due to imbalanced adipokines production. Hence, we aimed to investigate the association of maternal serum and breast milk adipokines with infant adiposity development. The study was conducted from April 2010 until December 2012. A total of 155 healthy pregnant mothers aged 19 to 40 years were recruited during the first and second trimester in Kelantan, Malaysia. Data consisted of maternal sociodemographic details, anthropometry and clinical biochemistry analysis; and the infant’s anthropometry and feeding patterns. Maternal fasting serum and breast milk samples were analysed for adiponectin and leptin levels. Data collection was performed in the second and third trimester of pregnancy, and continued with follow-up visits at birth, two, six, and 12 months postpartum. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses were performed to examine the associations between maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin and leptin and infant adiposity development. MLR models showed that, in the first year, as maternal serum and breast milk adiponectin increased, infant weight, BMI-for-age Z scores and abdominal circumference significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Maternal serum and/or breast milk adiponectin was associated with first-year infant adiposity development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marhazlina Mohamad
- School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu 21300, Malaysia.
| | - See Ling Loy
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore.
| | - Poh Ying Lim
- Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kah Leng Soo
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| | - Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed
- Nutrition and Dietetics Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 16150, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Toniazzo AP, M. Arcego D, Lazzaretti C, Lampert C, N. Weis S, Proto-Siqueira R, Krolow R, Dalmaz C. Sex-specific effects of prepubertal stress and high-fat diet on leptin signaling in rats. Nutrition 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
31
|
Mir E, Fathi M. Changes in Plasma Visfatin and Insulin Resistance Index in Obese Women with Type 2 Diabetes after Pilates Exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.29252/jhc.20.1.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
|
32
|
Brady EM, Bodicoat DH, Hall AP, Khunti K, Yates T, Edwardson C, Davies MJ. Sleep duration, obesity and insulin resistance in a multi-ethnic UK population at high risk of diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018. [PMID: 29526681 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Investigating the association between sleep duration, obesity, adipokines and insulin resistance (via Leptin:Adiponectin ratio (LAR)), in those at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Adults with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) were included. Fasting bloods for inflammatory biomarkers and glycaemic status, 2-h glucose, anthropometrics, objective physical activity, and self-reported sleep were collected. The average number of hours slept in a 24 h period was categorised as ≤5.5, 6-6.5, 7-7.5, 8-8.5, and ≥9 h. Regression models were fitted with sleep (linear and quadratic) and logistic regression used for IGR and adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, body mass index, waist circumference and objective physical activity. RESULTS 2848 participants included (593 with inflammatory marker data). Short sleep and long sleep duration were significantly independently associated with higher body mass index (P < 0.001), body weight (P < 0.01), and waist circumference (P < 0.001). 6-7 h of sleep/24 h is associated with the lowest obesity measures. Fasting insulin and LAR were positively associated with sleep duration. Adiponectin levels were negatively associated with sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS These results support the evidence of an association between short and long sleep duration and indices of obesity. We demonstrate an independent relationship between long sleep duration and insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E M Brady
- Leicester Diabetes Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK.
| | - D H Bodicoat
- University of Leicester, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK; NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, UK
| | - A P Hall
- Hanning Sleep Laboratory, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
| | - K Khunti
- University of Leicester, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK; NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, UK
| | - T Yates
- University of Leicester, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK
| | - C Edwardson
- University of Leicester, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK
| | - M J Davies
- University of Leicester, Diabetes Research Centre, Leicester General Hospital, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK; NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, UK; NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care East Midlands, Leicester General Hospital, UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jang HR, Kang D, Sinn DH, Gu S, Cho SJ, Lee JE, Huh W, Paik SW, Ryu S, Chang Y, Shafi T, Lazo M, Guallar E, Cho J, Gwak GY. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accelerates kidney function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4718. [PMID: 29549269 PMCID: PMC5856790 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-23014-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its severity with the decline in kidney function in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We conducted a cohort study of 1,525 CKD patients who underwent repeated health check-up examinations from January 2003 through December 2013. NAFLD was diagnosed by ultrasonography and its severity was assessed by the NAFLD fibrosis score. At baseline, the prevalence of NAFLD was 40.9%, and the mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 59.1 ml/min/1.73 m2. The average follow-up was 6.5 years. The age- and sex-adjusted decline in eGFR was greater in patients with NAFLD (-0.79% per year, 95% CI -1.31%, -0.27%) compared to those without it (0.30%, 95% CI -0.14%, 0.76%; p = 0.002). In multivariable adjusted models, the average difference in annual percent change in decline in eGFR comparing patients with NAFLD to those without NAFLD was -1.06% (-1.73%, -0.38%; p = 0.002). The decline in eGFR associated with NAFLD was greater in patients with higher NAFLD fibrosis score, in those with proteinuria or with low eGFR at baseline ( <45 ml/min/1.73 m2), and in those who were smokers and hypertensive. Therefore, NAFLD is independently associated with CKD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Ryoun Jang
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Danbee Kang
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Sinn
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seonhye Gu
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Jin Cho
- Center for Health Promotion, Samsung Medical Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung Eun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooseong Huh
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Samsung Medical Center, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Woon Paik
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Total Health Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Total Health Studies, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tariq Shafi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Mariana Lazo
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Juhee Cho
- Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
- Departments of Epidemiology and Medicine and Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
| | - Geum-Youn Gwak
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Czumaj A, Mika A, Chmielewski M, Sledzinski T. Cyclopropaneoctanoic Acid 2-Hexyl Upregulates the Expression of Genes Responsible for Lipid Synthesis and Release in Human Hepatic HepG2 Cells. Lipids 2018; 53:345-351. [PMID: 29701265 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently we have found cyclopropaneoctanoic acid 2-hexyl (CPOA2H) in humans and demonstrated its elevated levels in patients with metabolic diseases associated with hypertriglyceridemia. However, it is still unclear whether CPOA2H may influence lipid metabolism in lipogenic tissues. To verify this, HepG2 hepatocytes and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were cultured with various concentrations of CPOA2H, and then the expressions of genes associated with lipid metabolism were determined. Incubation with CPOA2H at concentrations found in patients with metabolic diseases enhanced the expression of hepatocyte genes associated with lipid synthesis and release, in particular, the fatty acid synthase gene (nearly 20-fold increase in the mRNA level). In contrast, incubation with CPOA2H caused the downregulation of most adipocyte genes associated with lipid synthesis, whereas the level of leptin mRNA was increased. These findings suggest that CPOA2H may contribute to hypertriglyceridemia in patients with metabolic diseases, upregulating the expression of hepatocyte genes responsible for lipid synthesis and release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, Gdansk, 80-211, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Targher G, Lonardo A, Byrne CD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14:99-114. [PMID: 29286050 DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and diabetes mellitus are common diseases that often coexist and might act synergistically to increase the risk of hepatic and extra-hepatic clinical outcomes. NAFLD affects up to 70-80% of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and up to 30-40% of adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus. The coexistence of NAFLD and diabetes mellitus increases the risk of developing not only the more severe forms of NAFLD but also chronic vascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Indeed, substantial evidence links NAFLD with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other cardiac and arrhythmic complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus. NAFLD is also associated with an increased risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications, especially chronic kidney disease. This Review focuses on the strong association between NAFLD and the risk of chronic vascular complications in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus or type 2 diabetes mellitus, thereby promoting an increased awareness of the extra-hepatic implications of this increasingly prevalent and burdensome liver disease. We also discuss the putative underlying mechanisms by which NAFLD contributes to vascular diseases, as well as the emerging role of changes in the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and associated vascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Targher
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University and Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata of Verona, Piazzale Stefani 1, 37126 Verona, Italy
| | - Amedeo Lonardo
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena, Ospedale Civile Sant'Agostino Estense, Via Giardini 1355, 41126 Baggiovara, Modena, Italy
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences (IDS), MP887, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
- Southampton National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Walhin JP, Dixon NC, Betts JA, Thompson D. The impact of exercise intensity on whole body and adipose tissue metabolism during energy restriction in sedentary overweight men and postmenopausal women. Physiol Rep 2017; 4:4/24/e13026. [PMID: 28039399 PMCID: PMC5210391 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to establish whether vigorous‐intensity exercise offers additional adipose‐related health benefits and metabolic improvements compared to energy‐matched moderate‐intensity exercise. Thirty‐eight sedentary overweight men (n = 24) and postmenopausal women (n = 14) aged 52 ± 5 years (mean ± standard deviations [SD]) were prescribed a 3‐week energy deficit (29302 kJ∙week−1) achieved by increased isocaloric moderate or vigorous‐intensity exercise (+8372 kJ∙week−1) and simultaneous restricted energy intake (−20930 kJ∙week−1). Participants were randomly assigned to either an energy‐matched vigorous (VIG; n = 18) or moderate (MOD; n = 20) intensity exercise group (five times per week at 70% or 50% maximal oxygen uptake, respectively). At baseline and follow‐up, fasted blood samples and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsies were obtained and oral glucose tolerance tests conducted. Body mass was reduced similarly in both groups (∆ 2.4 ± 1.1 kg and ∆ 2.4 ± 1.4 kg, respectively, P < 0.05). Insulinemic responses to a standard glucose load decreased similarly at follow‐up relative to baseline in VIG (∆ 8.6 ± 15.4 nmol.120 min.l−1) and MOD (∆ 5.4 ± 8.5 nmol.120 min.l−1; P < 0.05). Expression of SREBP‐1c and FAS in adipose tissue was significantly down‐regulated, whereas expression of PDK4 and hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL) was significantly up‐regulated in both groups (P < 0.05). Thus, when energy expenditure and energy deficit are matched, vigorous or moderate‐intensity exercise combined with energy restriction provide broadly similar (positive) changes in metabolic control and adipose tissue gene expression.
Collapse
|
37
|
Teixeira D, Cecconello AL, Partata WA, de Fraga LS, Ribeiro MFM, Guedes RP. The metabolic and neuroinflammatory changes induced by consuming a cafeteria diet are age-dependent. Nutr Neurosci 2017; 22:284-294. [PMID: 28958196 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2017.1380892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the effects of a palatable cafeteria diet on serum parameters and neuroinflammatory markers of young and aged female Wistar rats. METHODS Three-month-old (young) and 18-month-old (aged) female Wistar rats had access to a cafeteria diet (Caf-Young, Caf-Aged) or a standard chow diet (Std-Young, Std-Aged). RESULTS The Caf-Young group showed a higher food consumption, weight gain, visceral fat depot, serum insulin and leptin levels, and the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) than the Std-Young group. The Caf-Aged group exhibited an increase in interleukin-1 levels in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The number of GFAP-positive cells did not differ between the groups, but there was a diet effect in the cerebral cortex and an age effect in the hippocampus. Phospho-tau expression did not differ between the groups. DISCUSSION The 3- and 18-month-old rats responded differently to a cafeteria diet. Insulin and leptin levels are elevated in young animals fed a cafeteria diet, whereas aged animals are prone to neuroinflammation (indicated by an increase in interleukin-1β levels). A combination of hypercaloric diet and senescence have detrimental effects on the inflammatory response in the brain, which may predispose to neurological diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Teixeira
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Cecconello
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Wania Aparecida Partata
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | - Luciano Stürmer de Fraga
- a Department of Physiology , Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- b Departament of Basic Health Sciences , Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA) , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Suchacki KJ, Roberts F, Lovdel A, Farquharson C, Morton NM, MacRae VE, Cawthorn WP. Skeletal energy homeostasis: a paradigm of endocrine discovery. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:R67-R79. [PMID: 28455432 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Throughout the last decade, significant developments in cellular, molecular and mouse models have revealed major endocrine functions of the skeleton. More recent studies have evolved the interplay between bone-specific hormones, the skeleton, marrow adipose tissue, muscle and the brain. This review focuses on literature from the last decade, addressing the endocrine regulation of global energy metabolism via the skeleton. In addition, we will highlight several recent studies that further our knowledge of new endocrine functions of some organs; explore remaining unanswered questions; and, finally, we will discuss future directions for this more complex era of bone biology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karla J Suchacki
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Fiona Roberts
- The Roslin InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian, UK
| | - Andrea Lovdel
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Farquharson
- The Roslin InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian, UK
| | - Nik M Morton
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Vicky E MacRae
- The Roslin InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midltohian, UK
| | - William P Cawthorn
- The Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Pediatric Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. CHILDREN-BASEL 2017; 4:children4060048. [PMID: 28598410 PMCID: PMC5483623 DOI: 10.3390/children4060048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in the prevalence of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become among the leading causes of chronic liver disease in the pediatric age group. Once believed to be a “two-hit process”, it is now clear that the actual pathophysiology of NAFLD is complex and involves multiple pathways. Moreover, NAFLD is not always benign, and patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are at increased risk of developing advanced stages of liver disease. It has also been shown that NAFLD is not only a liver disease, but is also associated with multiple extrahepatic manifestations, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and low bone mineral density. Although the data is scarce in the pediatric population, some studies have suggested that long-term mortality and the requirement of liver transplantation will continue to increase in patients with NAFLD. More studies are needed to better understand the natural history of NAFLD, especially in the pediatric age group.
Collapse
|
40
|
Yoo HJ, Hwang SY, Choi JH, Lee HJ, Chung HS, Seo JA, Kim SG, Kim NH, Baik SH, Choi DS, Choi KM. Association of leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) with NAFLD, metabolic syndrome, and atherosclerosis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174717. [PMID: 28376109 PMCID: PMC5380318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous studies have shown that leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), a recently discovered hepatokine, is associated with the inflammatory response and insulin resistance. We examined circulating plasma LECT2 levels in the subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) or metabolic syndrome. Methods We analyzed plasma LECT2 levels from the subjects of age- and sex-matched 320 adults with or without NAFLD who completed a health check-up at the Health Promotion Center of Korea University Guro Hospital. Results Individuals with NAFLD showed significantly higher LECT2 levels (31.2 [20.9, 41.5] vs. 24.5[16.3, 32.7] ng/ml, P <0.001) as well as components of MetS compared to those without NAFLD. Furthermore, circulating LECT2 concentrations were greater in subjects with MetS (32.6 [17.8, 45.0] vs. 27.0 [18.7, 33.7] ng/ml, P = 0.016) and were associated with anthropometric measures of obesity, lipid profiles, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and liver aminotransferase levels. However, there was no significant relationship between LECT2 levels and indicators of subclinical atherosclerosis, such as carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Multivariate analysis demonstrated a progressively increasing trend of odds ratios for NAFLD according to quartiles of LECT2 levels after adjusting for risk factors, although the relationship was attenuated after further adjustment for waist circumference and lipid levels. Conclusion Circulating LECT2 concentrations were increased in individuals with NAFLD and those with MetS, but not in those with atherosclerosis. The relationship between LECT2 and both NAFLD and MetS might be mediated by its association with abdominal obesity and lipid metabolism. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01594710
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Young Hwang
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Soo Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-A Seo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sin Gon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nan Hee Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sei Hyun Baik
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Seop Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Mook Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Lee CW, Hsiao WT, Lee OKS. Mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies reduce obesity and metabolic syndromes induced by a high-fat diet. Transl Res 2017; 182:61-74.e8. [PMID: 27908750 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an alarming global health problem that results in multiaspect metabolic syndromes in both genders and most age groups. The lack of effective therapies for obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome is an urgent societal issue. To elucidate whether mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapies can ameliorate high-fat diet-induced obesity and compare the effectiveness of several methodological approaches, we transplanted human MSCs, MSC-derived brown adipocytes (M-BA), and MSC lysateinto obese mice. All 3 MSC-based treatments improved obesity-associated metabolic syndromes including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, glucose intolerance, and inflammation in obese mice after repeated administration for 10 weeks. MSC-based treatments altered the ratio of adiponectin to leptin and regulated the expression of Pparα and Pparγ, which are involved in maintaining energy homeostasis, in major metabolic tissues. Among treatments, M-BA showed the strongest beneficial effect. Importantly, M-BA administration not only reduced obesity-associated metabolic syndromes but also reduced body weight and hyperlipidemia, indicating that it is an effective therapy for obesity. Together, our findings revealed the therapeutic potential of MSCs for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Wei Lee
- Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hsiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Umbro I, Tinti F, Scalera I, Evison F, Gunson B, Sharif A, Ferguson J, Muiesan P, Mitterhofer AP. Acute kidney injury and post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:9314-9323. [PMID: 27895419 PMCID: PMC5107695 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past decades liver transplantation (LT) has become the treatment of choice for patients with end stage liver disease (ESLD). The chronic shortage of cadaveric organs for transplantation led to the utilization of a greater number of marginal donors such as older donors or donors after circulatory death (DCD). The improved survival of transplanted patients has increased the frequency of long-term complications, in particular chronic kidney disease (CKD). Acute kidney injury (AKI) post-LT has been recently recognized as an important risk factor for the occurrence of de novo CKD in the long-term outcome. The onset of AKI post-LT is multifactorial, with pre-LT risk factors involved, including higher Model for End-stage Liver Disease score, more sever ESLD and pre-existing renal dysfunction, either with intra-operative conditions, in particular ischaemia reperfusion injury responsible for post-reperfusion syndrome (PRS) that can influence recipient’s morbidity and mortality. Post-reperfusion syndrome-induced AKI is an important complication post-LT that characterizes kidney involvement caused by PRS with mechanisms not clearly understood and implication on graft and patient survival. Since pre-LT risk factors may influence intra-operative events responsible for PRS-induced AKI, we aim to consider all the relevant aspects involved in PRS-induced AKI in the setting of LT and to identify all studies that better clarified the specific mechanisms linking PRS and AKI. A PubMed search was conducted using the terms liver transplantation AND acute kidney injury; liver transplantation AND post-reperfusion syndrome; acute kidney injury AND post-reperfusion syndrome; acute kidney injury AND DCD AND liver transplantation. Five hundred seventy four articles were retrieved on PubMed search. Results were limited to title/abstract of English-language articles published between 2000 and 2015. Twenty-three studies were identified that specifically evaluated incidence, risk factors and outcome for patients developing PRS-induced AKI in liver transplantation. In order to identify intra-operative risk factors/mechanisms specifically involved in PRS-induced AKI, avoiding confounding factors, we have limited our study to “acute kidney injury AND DCD AND liver transplantation”. Accordingly, three out of five studies were selected for our purpose.
Collapse
|
43
|
Lin L, Lu J, Huang X, Ding L, Huang Y, Wang P, Peng K, Zhang D, Xu Y, Xu M, Chen Y, Bi Y, Wang W, Xu Y. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with low-grade albuminuria in Chinese adults (change not displayed). QJM 2016; 109:737-743. [PMID: 27317608 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcw070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was associated with higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low-grade albuminuria was recognized as an early indicator of CVD. Epidemiological studies investigating the association between NAFLD and low-grade albuminuria were limited. AIM To determine whether NAFLD is independently associated with the presence of low-grade albuminuria in Chinese adults. DESIGN A cross-sectional community-based population study was performed in 8270 Chinese adults aged 40 years or older. METHODS A first-voided early morning spot urine sample was obtained for urinary albumin and creatinine measurements. The highest quartile of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio was defined as low-grade albuminuria, after excluding the participants with micro- or macroalbuminuria. NAFLD was diagnosed by using ultrasonography findings after the exclusion of alcohol abuse and other liver diseases. RESULTS The prevalence of low-grade albuminuria was significantly higher in participants with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD (33.6% vs. 21.3% in men and 30.4% vs. 22.8% in women, respectively). Multivariate-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed that NAFLD was significantly associated with increased odds ratio of low-grade albuminuria in men (odds ratio, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.16-1.87) after adjusting for multiple confounders. The significant association was not detected in women. CONCLUSIONS NAFLD was significantly associated with an increased risk of present low-grade albuminuria in middle-aged and elderly Chinese men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - J Lu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - X Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - L Ding
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Huang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - P Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - K Peng
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - D Zhang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - M Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Chen
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Bi
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - W Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Y Xu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center of Systems Biomedicine, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
- Department of Research and Development, Rui-Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao-Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Elevated Omentin Serum Levels Predict Long-Term Survival in Critically Ill Patients. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:3149243. [PMID: 27867249 PMCID: PMC5102724 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3149243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Omentin, a recently described adipokine, was shown to be involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory and infectious diseases. However, its role in critical illness and sepsis is currently unknown. Materials and Methods. Omentin serum concentrations were measured in 117 ICU-patients (84 with septic and 33 with nonseptic disease etiology) admitted to the medical ICU. Results were compared with 50 healthy controls. Results. Omentin serum levels of critically ill patients at admission to the ICU or after 72 hours of ICU treatment were similar compared to healthy controls. Moreover, circulating omentin levels were independent of sepsis and etiology of critical illness. Notably, serum concentrations of omentin could not be linked to concentrations of inflammatory cytokines or routinely used sepsis markers. While serum levels of omentin were not predictive for short term survival during ICU treatment, low omentin concentrations were an independent predictor of patients' overall survival. Omentin levels strongly correlated with that of other adipokines (e.g., leptin receptor or adiponectin), which have also been identified as prognostic markers in critical illness. Conclusions. Although circulating omentin levels did not differ between ICU-patients and controls, elevated omentin levels were predictive for an impaired patients' long term survival.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ishiba H, Sumida Y, Kataoka S, Kuroda M, Akabame S, Tomiyasu K, Tanaka M, Arai M, Taketani H, Seko Y, Okajima A, Hara T, Umemura A, Nishikawa T, Yamaguchi K, Moriguchi M, Mitsuyoshi H, Yasui K, Itoh Y. Association of coronary artery calcification with liver fibrosis in Japanese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Res 2016; 46:1107-1117. [PMID: 26853695 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiovascular events are the leading cause of death among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but their relationship remains unclear. This study examined the association between coronary atherosclerosis and liver fibrosis, represented by the coronary artery calcification (CAC) score and non-invasive fibrosis markers, respectively. METHODS Among 698 patients with chest pain or electrocardiographic abnormalities who underwent coronary computed tomography (CT) between April 2006 and March 2010, those with known liver disorders or history of emergency coronary angioplasty were excluded, leaving 366 patients for this study. Diagnosis of NAFLD was based on abdominal CT and history of alcohol consumption. Subjects with CAC of 100 AU or more were categorized into the high-risk group for cardiovascular events. Patient records were examined for clinical parameters including CAC score and non-invasive fibrosis marker FIB-4 index. RESULTS Ninety-four patients (25.7%) had NAFLD. In this group, univariate analysis identified old age, high diastolic blood pressure, high liver to spleen ratio and high FIB-4 index as risk factors for cardiovascular events and multivariate analysis identified age of 66 years or older and FIB-4 index of 2.09 or more as the significant risk factors. For the observation period until August 2014, the cumulative proportion of PCI performance was significantly higher in patients with FIB-4 of 2.09 or more than those with FIB-4 of less than 2.09. CONCLUSION The progression of arteriosclerosis and that of liver fibrosis may be associated in NAFLD patients. The FIB-4 index can be easily determined and thus can be a useful marker for predicting cardiovascular events in NAFLD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ishiba
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yoshio Sumida
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine.
| | - Seita Kataoka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center
| | - Masaaki Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center
| | - Satoshi Akabame
- Department of Cardiology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center
| | | | - Muhei Tanaka
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Arai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kyoto Yamashiro General Medical Center
| | - Hiroyoshi Taketani
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yuya Seko
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Akira Okajima
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Tasuku Hara
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Atsushi Umemura
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Taichiro Nishikawa
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hironori Mitsuyoshi
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Kohichiroh Yasui
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Departments of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hill CM, Fang Y, Miquet JG, Sun LY, Masternak MM, Bartke A. Long-lived hypopituitary Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental effects of high-fat diet on metabolic function and energy expenditure. Aging Cell 2016; 15:509-21. [PMID: 26990883 PMCID: PMC4854906 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) signaling stimulates the production of IGF‐1; however, increased GH signaling may induce insulin resistance and can reduce life expectancy in both mice and humans. Interestingly, disruption of GH signaling by reducing plasma GH levels significantly improves health span and extends lifespan in mice, as observed in Ames dwarf mice. In addition, these mice have increased adiposity, yet are more insulin sensitive compared to control mice. Metabolic stressors such as high‐fat diet (HFD) promote obesity and may alter longevity through the GH signaling pathway. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the effects of a HFD (metabolic stressor) on genetic mechanisms that regulate metabolism during aging. We show that Ames dwarf mice fed HFD for 12 weeks had an increase in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity as a result of diet‐induced obesity, yet are more insulin sensitive and have higher levels of adiponectin compared to control mice fed HFD. Furthermore, energy expenditure was higher in Ames dwarf mice fed HFD than in control mice fed HFD. Additionally, we show that transplant of epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) from Ames dwarf mice fed HFD into control mice fed HFD improves their insulin sensitivity. We conclude that Ames dwarf mice are resistant to the detrimental metabolic effects of HFD and that visceral adipose tissue of Ames dwarf mice improves insulin sensitivity in control mice fed HFD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristal M. Hill
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
| | - Johanna G. Miquet
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry Institute of Chemical and Biological Physical Chemistry Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Liou Y. Sun
- Department of Biology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USA
| | - Michal M. Masternak
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences‐ College of Medicine University of Central Florida Orlando FL USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Geriatrics Research Southern Illinois University School of Medicine Springfield IL USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Quercetin Impacts Expression of Metabolism- and Obesity-Associated Genes in SGBS Adipocytes. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050282. [PMID: 27187453 PMCID: PMC4882695 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by the rapid expansion of visceral adipose tissue, resulting in a hypoxic environment in adipose tissue which leads to a profound change of gene expression in adipocytes. As a consequence, there is a dysregulation of metabolism and adipokine secretion in adipose tissue leading to the development of systemic inflammation and finally resulting in the onset of metabolic diseases. The flavonoid quercetin as well as other secondary plant metabolites also referred to as phytochemicals have anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic effects known to be protective in view of obesity-related-diseases. Nevertheless, its underlying molecular mechanism is still obscure and thus the focus of this study was to explore the influence of quercetin on human SGBS (Simpson Golabi Behmel Syndrome) adipocytes’ gene expression. We revealed for the first time that quercetin significantly changed expression of adipokine (Angptl4, adipsin, irisin and PAI-1) and glycolysis-involved (ENO2, PFKP and PFKFB4) genes, and that this effect not only antagonized but in part even overcompensated the effect mediated by hypoxia in adipocytes. Thus, these results are explained by the recently proposed hypothesis that the protective effect of quercetin is not solely due to its free radical-scavenging activity but also to a direct effect on mitochondrial processes, and they demonstrate that quercetin might have the potential to counteract the development of obesity-associated complications.
Collapse
|
48
|
Er LK, Wu S, Chou HH, Hsu LA, Teng MS, Sun YC, Ko YL. Triglyceride Glucose-Body Mass Index Is a Simple and Clinically Useful Surrogate Marker for Insulin Resistance in Nondiabetic Individuals. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149731. [PMID: 26930652 PMCID: PMC4773118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin resistance (IR) and the consequences of compensatory hyperinsulinemia are pathogenic factors for a set of metabolic abnormalities, which contribute to the development of diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. We compared traditional lipid levels and ratios and combined them with fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels or adiposity status for determining their efficiency as independent risk factors for IR. Methods We enrolled 511 Taiwanese individuals for the analysis. The clinical usefulness of various parameters—such as traditional lipid levels and ratios; visceral adiposity indicators, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product (LAP); the product of triglyceride (TG) and FPG (the TyG index); TyG with adiposity status (TyG-body mass index [BMI]) and TyG-waist circumference index [WC]); and adipokine levels and ratios—was analyzed to identify IR. Results For all lipid ratios, the TG/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio had the highest additional percentage of variation in the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; 7.0% in total); for all variables of interest, TyG-BMI and leptin-adiponectin ratio (LAR) were strongly associated with HOMA-IR, with 16.6% and 23.2% of variability, respectively. A logistic regression analysis revealed similar patterns. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated that TG/HDL-C was a more efficient IR discriminator than other lipid variables or ratios. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for VAI (0.734) and TyG (0.708) was larger than that for TG/HDL-C (0.707). TyG-BMI and LAR had the largest AUC (0.801 and 0.801, respectively). Conclusion TyG-BMI is a simple, powerful, and clinically useful surrogate marker for early identification of IR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leay-Kiaw Er
- The Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Semon Wu
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, Chinese Culture University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chou
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lung-An Hsu
- The First Cardiovascular Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Sheng Teng
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Sun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Ko
- Department of Research, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- The Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Pan LL, Zhang HJ, Huang ZF, Sun Q, Chen Z, Li ZB, Yang SY, Li XY, Li XJ. Intrahepatic triglyceride content is independently associated with chronic kidney disease in obese adults: A cross-sectional study. Metabolism 2015; 64:1077-85. [PMID: 26144271 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are associated with some common critical cardio-metabolic risk factors. The aim of this study was to explore the association between intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) content and CKD in obese subjects. METHODS A total of 1068 obese participants received anthropometric, biochemical measurements and hepatic ultrasonography. Of those, 485 participants received magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H-MRS) for the determination of IHTG content. CKD was defined as a urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR)≥30 mg/g and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)<60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2). RESULTS The prevalence of CKD was significantly higher in NAFLD subjects compared to subjects without NAFLD, while the prevalence of CKD was gradually increased as the IHTG content increased by quartiles (P for trend<0.001). After adjustment for multivariate metabolic factors, the risk of abnormal albuminuria and CKD was increased by 68% [OR (95% CI): 1.68 (1.21-2.33), P<0.01] and 54% [OR (95% CI): 1.54 (1.14-2.07), P<0.01] respectively per one standard deviation (SD) increase in IHTG content. The association between IHTG content and CKD was not changed by conventional risk factors, including age, BMI and hypertension (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION IHTG content is independently associated with CKD in obese adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Pan
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-Jie Zhang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Zhu-Feng Huang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Shu-Yu Yang
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Li
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Clinical Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Li
- Xiamen Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Xiamen, Xiamen University, 55 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen 361003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Abstract
Obesity has emerged as one of the major global epidemics of the 21st century and is now reaching alarming proportions. Obese subjects have an increased morbidity and mortality, decreased quality of life and a major risk of developing pathologies such as diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a complex disease characterised by an increase in body fat mass resulting from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Signal integration between adipose tissue, other peripheral organs and the CNS seems to regulate energy homeostasis. Proteomics may be useful in unravelling the pathogenesis of obesity, since a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental factors account for its development. Most of the proteomic studies performed to date have focused on protein profiling of adipose tissue in different models of experimental obesity and the study of the adipocyte differentiation process. Another issue that has recently attracted attention is the characterisation of the adipocyte secretome, which may be important in signalling to other organs and in regulating energy balance. Target identification of potential therapies has also been investigated by proteomics. This review focuses on the contributions of proteomics to understanding the molecular mechanisms of obesity and their potential therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramon Gomis
- Diabetes and Obesity Laboratory-Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)-Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|