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Mulyawan E, Setiawan JA. The correlation between smoking cumulative dose based on Brinkman Index with peak expiratory flow rate. J Gen Fam Med 2024; 25:193-197. [PMID: 38966649 PMCID: PMC11221063 DOI: 10.1002/jgf2.694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Indonesia is the country with the highest prevalence of smokers above 15 years old according to WHO, with a percentage of 76.2%. Smoking-induced lung damage is characterized by inflammation, leading to the destruction of lung parenchyma and airway obstruction, ultimately worsening lung function parameters. This study aims to find correlation between cumulative dose of smoking based on Brinkman index (BI) with Peak Expiratory Flow Rate (PEFR). Methods This is a cross-sectional correlative study conducted on January-March 2020. Data were collected through history taking and PEFR measured with a peak flowmeter by taking the average of three peak flowmeter measurements, each separated by a 2-min interval. Inclusion criteria include male active smokers, aged 30 to 40 years, who have had a smoking history for at least 1 year. Exclusion criteria are as follows: uses e-cigarretes for smoking, has a history of chronic lung diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumonia, post-COVID-19 syndrome, asthma, and has not smoked in the last 28 days. Results A total of 48 male smokers are included in this study. The mean age of participants was 35.91 years, with a history of smoking of 18.12 years, and 12.5 cigarettes smoked daily. Patients included in this study had BI classified as mild (47.91%), moderate (47.91%), and severe (4.16%). PEFR in patients was classified into green (10.41%), yellow (83.33%), and red (6.25%). Analysis showed significant negative correlation between BI and PEFR (r = -0.721; p < 0.001) suggesting that increasing Brinkman Index may lead to a decrease in PEFR. Conclusion Higher BI correlates with a decrease in PEFR. PEFR may prove to be useful in early detection of reduced pulmonary function. Further trials conducted on larger sample sizes and evaluating other lung function parameters are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Mulyawan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of MedicinePelita Harapan UniversityTangerangBantenIndonesia
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Singh K, Sethi P, Datta S, Chaudhary JS, Kumar S, Jain D, Gupta JK, Kumar S, Guru A, Panda SP. Advances in gene therapy approaches targeting neuro-inflammation in neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102321. [PMID: 38723752 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have increased in frequency. About 15% of the world's population suffers from NDs in some capacity, which causes cognitive and physical impairment. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and others represent a significant and growing global health challenge. Neuroinflammation is recognized to be related to all NDs, even though NDs are caused by a complex mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Numerous genes and pathways such as NFκB, p38 MAPK, Akt/mTOR, caspase, nitric oxide, and COX are involved in triggering brain immune cells like astrocytes and microglia to secrete inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. In AD, the binding of Aβ with CD36, TLR4, and TLR6 receptors results in activation of microglia which start to produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Consequently, the pro-inflammatory cytokines worsen and spread neuroinflammation, causing the deterioration of healthy neurons and the impairment of brain functions. Gene therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic approach to modulate the inflammatory response in NDs, offering potential neuroprotective effects and disease-modifying benefits. This review article focuses on recent advances in gene therapy strategies targeting neuroinflammation pathways in NDs. We discussed the molecular pathways involved in neuroinflammation, highlighted key genes and proteins implicated in these processes, and reviewed the latest preclinical and clinical studies utilizing gene therapy to modulate neuroinflammatory responses. Additionally, this review addressed the prospects and challenges in translating gene therapy approaches into effective treatments for NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Institue of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pranshul Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Shri Venkateshwara University, Gajraula, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Samaresh Datta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Birbhum Pharmacy School, Sadaipur, Dist-Birbhum, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Sunil Kumar
- Faculty of Pharmacy, P. K. University, Village, Thanra, District, Karera, Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Microbiology, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Jeetendra Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institue of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shivendra Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Guru
- Department of Cariology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Siva Prasad Panda
- Department of Pharmacology, Institue of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Nguyen PH, Goldberg RJ, Allison JJ, Nguyen DB, Tran HT, Tran OM, Ha DA, Nguyen HL, Tran BA, Wang B, Nguyen HL. Lifestyle practices and associated factors among adults with hypertension: Conquering Hypertension in Vietnam-solutions at the grassroots level study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303354. [PMID: 38843274 PMCID: PMC11156363 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vietnam is experiencing an increasing prevalence of hypertension in its adult population. In addition to medical therapy, modifying adverse lifestyle practices is important for effective blood pressure control. There are limited data on unhealthy lifestyle practices in patients with chronic diseases, however, particularly among hypertensive patients living in rural Vietnam. Our study objectives were to examine the prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle practices and associated factors among rural Vietnamese adults with uncontrolled hypertension. METHODS Data from the baseline survey of a cluster randomized trial among hypertensive Vietnamese adults (2017-2022) were utilized. Information on unhealthy lifestyle practices including smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and inadequate fruit and vegetable intake was collected from study participants. The primary study outcome was having ≥2 unhealthy lifestyle practices. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine factors associated with the primary study outcome. RESULTS The mean age of the 671 patients was 67 years and 45.0% were men. Nearly three out of every four participants had one or fewer unhealthy practices, 24.0% had two, and 3.3% had three or all four unhealthy lifestyle practices. Men, individuals who did unpaid work or were unemployed, and individuals with hypertension level III were more likely to have ≥2 unhealthy lifestyle practices, whereas individuals with higher education were less likely to have ≥2 unhealthy lifestyle practices compared with respective comparison groups. CONCLUSIONS We observed a high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle practices among rural Vietnamese patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Several demographic factors were associated with a greater number of unhealthy lifestyle practices. Newer interventions and educational programs encouraging lifestyle modification practices are needed to control hypertension among adults living in rural settings of Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong H. Nguyen
- Department of Sociology of Health, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Binh University of Medical and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Robert J. Goldberg
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jeroan J. Allison
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Diep B. Nguyen
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
- Center for Training and Research on Substance Abuse-HIV, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ha T. Tran
- Department of Sociology of Health, Faculty of Public Health, Thai Binh University of Medical and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Oanh M. Tran
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc A. Ha
- Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Brittany A. Tran
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hoa L. Nguyen
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Memon JA, Nasir M, Nayab D, Siddique O, Kishwar S. Economic burden of tobacco use in Pakistan. Tob Control 2024; 33:s101-s107. [PMID: 36521854 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of reliable tobacco healthcare and economic cost estimates leaves the tobacco industry undertaxed and thriving in Pakistan and makes the country as one of the top tobacco-consuming nations. To facilitate effective tobacco tax policymaking, this study estimates the economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases and deaths in Pakistan. METHODS A nationally representative sample survey of 13 000 households was administered to gather the data required to estimate different cost components of smoking-attributable diseases through the prevalence-based approach. FINDINGS The total smoking-attributable economic cost of all diseases and deaths in Pakistan in the year 2018-2019 for persons aged 35 years or older is 615.07 billion ($3.85 billion). Similarly, three major diseases, namely cancer, cardiovascular disease and respiratory disease, along with associated deaths, cost the nation PKR437.8 billion ($2.7 billion) of which 77% is the indirect cost. The three major diseases make 71% of the total estimated cost, nearly two-thirds of which is borne by rural residents, nine-tenth by males and more than four-fifths by the citizens in the 35-64 years age group. CONCLUSION The total annual economic costs of all smoking-attributable diseases and deaths and those of the three major diseases equal 1.6% and 1.15% of Pakistan's gross domestic product, respectively. The tax contribution of tobacco sector is merely 20% of the total estimated cost. The finding of huge economic and health costs of smoking makes a convincing case for policymakers to realise the true value of the industry's contribution and raise tobacco taxes to the level of full cost recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Durre Nayab
- Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Omer Siddique
- Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Kishwar
- Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Del Pinto R, Agabiti Rosei C, Di Guardo A, Giannattasio C, Izzo R, Mazza A, Pucci G, Sarzani R, Tocci G, Veglio F, Volpe M, Grassi G, Muiesan ML, Ferri C. Prevalence, Clustering, and Current Management of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Upon First Referral to Hypertension Specialists: the APPROACH Study. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2024:10.1007/s40292-024-00650-4. [PMID: 38780831 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-024-00650-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several observational studies have been conducted to assess the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in hypertensive patients; however, none has yet investigated prevalence, clustering, and current management of cardiovascular risk factors upon first referral to hypertension specialists, which is the aim of the present study. METHODS Consecutive adult outpatients with essential/secondary hypertension were included at the time of their first referral to hypertension specialists at 13 Italian centers in the period April 2022-2023 if they had at least one additional major cardiovascular risk factor among LDL-hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, and cigarette smoking. Prevalence, degree of control, and current management strategies of cardiovascular risk factors were assessed. RESULTS A total of 255 individuals were included, 40.2% women and 98.4% Caucasian. Mean age was 60.3±13.3 years and mean blood pressure [BP] was 140.3±17.9/84.8±12.3 mmHg). Most participants were smokers (55.3%), had a sedentary lifestyle (75.7%), suffered from overweight/obesity (51%) or high LDL-cholesterol (41.6%), had never adopted strategies to lose weight (55.7%), and were not on a low-salt diet (57.4%). Only a minority of patients reported receiving specialist counseling, and 27.9% had never received recommendations to correct unhealthy lifestyle habits. Nearly 90% of individuals with an estimated high/very high cardiovascular risk profile did not achieve recommended LDL-cholesterol targets. CONCLUSIONS In patients with hypertension, both pharmacological and lifestyle therapeutic advice are yet to improve before referral to hypertension specialists. This should be considered in the primary care setting in order to optimize cardiovascular risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Del Pinto
- Department MeSVA, Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Antonino Di Guardo
- Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Arterial Hypertension Alessandro Filippi, Mascalucia, Catania, Italy
| | | | | | - Alberto Mazza
- ESH Excellence Hypertension Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Santa Maria della Misericordia General Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pucci
- Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Sarzani
- Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Hypertension Excellence Centre, IRCCS INRCA, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giuliano Tocci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Veglio
- Internal Medicine Division and Hypertension Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Massimo Volpe
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Ferri
- Department MeSVA, Unit of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Center for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Prevention, University of L'Aquila, San Salvatore Hospital, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Song Y, Liu Z, Sun Z, Du W, Wang Z, Hu Z, Ma M, Wang Z. Flow field analysis of cigarette filter through micro-CT-based geometries and CFD simulation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29253. [PMID: 38644843 PMCID: PMC11033124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The cigarette filter is an essential component of modern cigarettes and studying the flow distribution within the cigarette filter is of great significance in reducing the harm of cigarettes and optimizing smoking sensations. As the object of numerical simulation research, a three-dimensional model of the cigarette was accurately constructed through micro-CT reverse engineering, achieving a scanning accuracy of 4.05 μm. An overall porous media model of the cigarette filter was established to characterize the pressure distribution inside the filter. Based on the three-dimensional reconstruction, a local simulation model of the cavity-filtered filter was created by extracting a 1/36 geometric model. The simulation results of the overall porous media model of the cigarette filter were used as the pressure boundary conditions for the local simulation model of the cavity-filtered filter, and the effects of the wrapped paper and cavity on the flow field were analyzed. The results show that the simulated pressure drop in the overall porous media model of the cigarette filter had a deviation of less than 3.5% compared to the experimental results. This suggests that the porous media model can effectively predict the changes in pressure drop within the filter. When both wrapped paper and cavity were present, the velocity at the interface between acetate fiber and wrapped paper increased by 141.54%, while the pressure approached 0 Pa. Similarly, at the interface between acetate fiber and cavity, the velocity increased by 130.77%. It indicates that both wrapped paper and cavity significantly influenced the flow field characteristics within the cigarette filter. Additionally, as the porosity of the wrapped paper gradually increased from 0.69 to 0.99 in the radial direction, the fluid velocity increased by 14.46%, while the fluid pressure decreased by 29.09%. These changes were particularly evident when the porosity was below 0.87.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Song
- The Institute of Technological Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zixuan Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, 430048, China
| | - Zhiwei Sun
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Wen Du
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhiguo Wang
- Technology Center of China Tobacco Hunan Industrial Co., Ltd., Changsha, 410007, China
| | - Zhigang Hu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, 430048, China
| | - Ming Ma
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, 430048, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnical University, Wuhan, 430048, China
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Dunham CM, Huang GS, Chance EA, Hileman BM. Association of Cigarette Smoking History With Drug Abuse History and Arterial Carboxyhemoglobin in Trauma Activation Patients: A Retrospective Study. Cureus 2024; 16:e58606. [PMID: 38765416 PMCID: PMC11102803 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.58606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The relationship between cigarette smoking and arterial carboxyhemoglobin (CoHb) in trauma activation patients has not been investigated. The aim was to determine if cigarette smoking is associated with drug abuse history and arterial CoHb levels. Methodology This is a retrospective review of level I trauma center activations aged 18-60 during 2018-2020. A medical record audit was performed to assess each patient's cigarette smoking and drug abuse history and admission arterial CoHb level. The CoHb levels and smoking history for each patient were used to construct a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Of the 742 trauma activations aged 18-60, 737 (99.3%) had a documented cigarette smoking history. Smoking history was positive in 49.7% (366) and negative in 50.3% (371). The positive smoking proportion was greater in patients with a drug abuse history (63.9% (234/366)) than those with a negative history (31.0% (115/371); p<0.0001; odds ratio=4.0). In 717 patients with a CoHb value, the CoHb was higher in smokers (3.9±2.2%) than in non-smokers (0.5±0.4%; p<0.0001; Cohen d=2.2). A CoHb >1.5% was higher in smokers (93.3% (333/357)) than non-smokers (1.7% (6/360); p<0.0001; odds ratio=818.6). The receiver operating characteristic curve for the relationship between CoHb and cigarette smoking history showed an area under the curve of 0.980 (p<0.0001). Using an arterial CoHb level >1.5% to predict a positive smoking history and a CoHb level ≤1.5% to predict a non-smoking history, sensitivity was 93.3% (333/357), specificity was 98.3% (354/360), and accuracy was 95.8% (687/717). Conclusion Cigarette smoking in trauma activations aged 18-60 is associated with drug abuse history and increased arterial CoHb levels on trauma center arrival.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
| | - Gregory S Huang
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, USA
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Yayan J, Franke KJ, Biancosino C, Rasche K. Comparative systematic review on the safety of e-cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 185:114507. [PMID: 38331086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic review evaluated the health risks of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) compared to traditional cigarettes. It examines various studies and research on the subject to provide a comprehensive analysis of potential health risks associated with both smoking methods. METHODS The systematic review, incorporating searches in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to July 2023, examines the results obtained in relevant studies, and provides a critical discussion of the results. RESULTS E-cigarettes exhibit reduced exposure to harmful toxins compared to traditional cigarettes. CONCLUSION However, concerns persist regarding respiratory irritation and potential health risks, especially among youth, emphasizing the need for comprehensive, long-term research and protective legislation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Yayan
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Karl-Josef Franke
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Division, Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Infectiology, and Sleep Medicine, Märkische Clinics Health Holding Ltd, Clinic Lüdenscheid, Lüdenscheid, Witten/Herdecke University, Germany
| | - Christian Biancosino
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Department of Thoracic Surgery, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Kurt Rasche
- Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, HELIOS Clinic Wuppertal, Germany
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Chandavarkar V, Mishra MN, Bhargava D, Rajashekaraiah PB, Singh S, Kanuru V. Efficacy of nutritional supplement (Haras) on carbon monoxide levels in smokers and non-smokers: An observational study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2024; 28:23-28. [PMID: 38800428 PMCID: PMC11126257 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_420_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Context Carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in exhaled air may impart a quick, non-invasive method to determine smoking status. Haras is a nutraceutical medication, which is slowly gaining recognition for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Aims The effectiveness of the Haras therapy in smokers and non-smokers will be assessed by evaluating breath CO levels. Methods and Materials The study included 101 test subjects with 76 subjects of smokers and 25 subjects of non-smokers. Both the test groups were given 10 mL of Haras juice in divided doses per day for 30 days. The CO levels were evaluated using a breath analyser before drug trial and then on the 8th, 15th, 22nd and after the conclusion of the drug trial. Statistical Analysis Used The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the CO and carboxyhemoglobin levels among smokers and non-smokers. Results Smokers had higher mean percent carboxyhemoglobin and mean parts per million CO values than non-smokers, and the difference between the two was shown to be statistically significant (P < 0.001). It was also found to be statistically significant from the first day to the eighth day, the first day to the 15th day, the first day to the 20th second day, first day to the 30th day (P < 0.001). Conclusions Haras can be used effectively as an alternative supportive treatment for the diminution of CO levels in smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidyadevi Chandavarkar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mithilesh Narayan Mishra
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Bhargava
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Premalatha Bidadi Rajashekaraiah
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, JSS Dental College and Hospital, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shafali Singh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kanuru
- Bio Nano Scientist, Nanoved Research Foundation, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Dalibalta S, Makhlouf Z, Rabah L, Samara F, Elsayed Y. A literature review addressing midwakh and e-cigarette use in the Gulf region. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2023; 98:21. [PMID: 38110669 PMCID: PMC10728422 DOI: 10.1186/s42506-023-00146-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
A notable decrease in conventional cigarette smoking has been witnessed on a global scale. However, this decrease has been accompanied by an equally striking global increase in the consumption of alternative tobacco products (ATPs), namely e-cigarettes and midwakh in the Arabian Gulf region. A literature review was used to outline the chemical composition of these two ATPs and review their impacts on health. The study was conducted using databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, MDPI, and WorldCat. The literature search included terms such as "e-cigarettes," "midwakh," "dokha," "heath impacts," "psychological effects," "social influences," and "cigarette smoking" with emphasis on literature from the Arabian Gulf region. Data shows that midwakh contains markedly high levels of tar, nicotine, and various compounds of notable effects on the human body. Similarly, it was found that e-cigarettes contain non-negligible amounts of nicotine and other chemical compounds that may not have been extensively investigated. Alarming reports of system-specific effects brought about by midwakh, and e-cigarette consumption, have been reported, although further research is needed to deduce the mechanism. We also discussed some of the social and psychological factors leading to their consumption within this population. Hence, this review raises questions around the safety of these two types of ATPs and encourages comprehensive studies globally and regionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Dalibalta
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
| | - Zinb Makhlouf
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Layal Rabah
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatin Samara
- Department of Biology, Chemistry & Environmental Sciences, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Yehya Elsayed
- Advanced Research and Development, Fiber Media at Donaldson, Donaldson, MN, USA
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11
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Magaldino A, Dang C, In E, Nguyen K, Nguyen OT, Motwani K, Feller DB. Patient-Level Characteristics Associated with Tobacco Users and Nonusers at a Student-Run Free Clinic. South Med J 2023; 116:906-912. [PMID: 37913811 PMCID: PMC10624112 DOI: 10.14423/smj.0000000000001614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many tobacco users are motivated to quit but lack the resources to do so. To date, studies characterizing tobacco users at student-run free clinics have used small sample sizes, which may not be large enough to detect differences across key variables. As such, we assessed sociodemographic differences between tobacco users and nonusers at a student-run free clinic using a pooled cross-sectional design. METHODS We used patient-level data from the electronic health records for all of the patients who were seen during January 2012 to February 2020 inclusive. Our dependent variable was whether patients self-reported tobacco use. We assessed for differences across age, sex, race/ethnicity, and education level using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Across 4264 patients, 28.7% reported tobacco use. When controlling for other factors, greater odds of tobacco use were observed in this cohort for patients who were male (odds ratio [OR] 1.690, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.468-1.944), those with educational attainment of 9th to 11th grade (OR 2.291, 95% CI 1.558-3.369), and those who were high school graduates/completed the General Education Development test (OR 1.849, 95% CI 1.295-2.638) compared with those with less than a high school education. Similarly, patients of older age had greater odds of tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS Our study found patient-level differences that may need to be integrated into improving the reach of intervention methods. Future research should look at a broader set of metrics (eg, geographic location, socioeconomic status) and ascertain reasons for sociodemographic differences observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Magaldino
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Corina Dang
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Emily In
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Ken Nguyen
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - Oliver T. Nguyen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Kartik Motwani
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
| | - David B. Feller
- Department of Community Health & Family Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Jia Z, Li S, Luo Z, Tong M, Gao T. The Dunning-Kruger effect: subjective health perceptions on smoking behavior among older Chinese adults. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1703. [PMID: 37667218 PMCID: PMC10476345 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16582-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intrinsic damage and external hazards of smoking are major risk factors for poorer health and are recognized as a global health issue of concern in geriatric health. This study aims to assess the Dunning-Kruger effect through the influence of subjective health perceptions on smoking behavior in older adults. METHODS This study used data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (N = 9,683) provided by the Center for Healthy Aging and Development Studies at Peking University. A binary logistic model was used to examine whether the Dunning-Kruger effect affects smoking behavior in older adults, and a linear probability model was used as a commentary baseline model for logistic regression to prevent measurement bias. In addition, a mediating analysis was used to examine the mechanisms through which the Dunning-Kruger effect occurs. RESULTS Older adults often overestimated their current health status and underestimated the health risks of smoking, causing the Dunning-Kruger effect to arise from their inadequate self-perceived health (i.e., older adults are more likely to smoke when they have better self-rated health or when hypertension, cardiopathy, stroke, and diabetes have little or no impact on their daily lives). These observations can be explained by the older adults' subjective health perceptions arising from their ingenuous understanding of their health, which indirectly influences their smoking behavior to some extent. CONCLUSION Older adults' self-perceived health was associated with smoking behavior. Public health institutions should improve older adults' health perceptions so that they objectively understand their own health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhike Jia
- School of Philosophy and Sociology, Hebei University, Baoding Hebei, China
| | - Shubin Li
- Asian Demographic Research Institute, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Luo
- School of Social Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjun Tong
- School of Foreign Languages and Business, Minjiang Teachers College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianyue Gao
- School of Economics, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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Mujamammi AH, Al-Hamdan R, Sabi EM, Aldosari ZA, Shadid AM, Shadid A, Alagla S, Humaid HS, Abozaid T, Azzam N. The Relevance of Food Constituents to the Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Rome IV-Based Prevalence Study Among Medical Students. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2023; 34:859-865. [PMID: 37485558 PMCID: PMC10544096 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Irritable bowel syndrome is prevalent in the general population. This study investigates the association between dietary intake and irritable bowel syndrome in medical college students at King Saud University besides its prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is an analytical cross-sectional study of 426 students (271 males and 155 females, age 21.21 ± 1.58 years) from 5 academic levels of King Saud University Medical College. A self-reported questionnaire for Rome IV criteria was completed by each participant. They also filled out a food frequency questionnaire to assess their nutritional intake. RESULTS The overall prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome was 17.8% without correlation to age and academic year in Medical School. However, the prevalence was higher in females than in males (40/115 vs. 36/235, P = .001). The irritable bowel syndrome group consumed significantly more energy, carbohydrates, and saturated fatty acids, while the non-irritable bowel syndrome group consumed significantly more fibers and niacin (P < .001 and P = .005, respectively). CONCLUSION About 17.8% of medical students had irritable bowel syndrome with a greater prevalence in females. The irritable bowel syndrome group consumed significantly more energy, carbohydrates, and saturated fatty acids, while the non-irritable bowel syndrome group consumed significantly more fibers and niacin. Our results did not show any significant association between irritable bowel syndrome and fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol intake. Overall, both groups were not adhering to the Saudi dietary recommended intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Mujamammi
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, King Saud University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Al-Hamdan
- Department of Community Health Sciences, King Saudi University Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essa M. Sabi
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, King Saud University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zyad A. Aldosari
- Department of MedicineKing Saudi University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Shadid
- Department of MedicineKing Saudi University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Shadid
- Department of MedicineKing Saudi University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman Alagla
- Department of MedicineKing Saudi University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hameed S. Humaid
- Department of MedicineKing Saudi University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Abozaid
- Department of MedicineKing Saudi University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahla Azzam
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Faculty of Medicine, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almushawwah S, Almutairi MH, Alamri AM, Semlali A. A Significant Increasing Risk Association between Cigarette Smoking and XPA and XPC Genes Polymorphisms. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1349. [PMID: 37510255 PMCID: PMC10379612 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoking (CS) is a major cause of various serious diseases due to tobacco chemicals. There is evidence suggesting that CS has been linked with the DNA damage repair system, as it can affect genomic stability, inducing genetic changes in the genes involved in the repair system, specifically the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, affecting the function and/or regulation of these genes. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), along with CS, can affect the work of the NER pathway and, therefore, could lead to different diseases. This study explored the association of four SNPs in both XPA and XPC genes with CS in the Saudi population. The Taq Man genotyping assay was used for 220 healthy non-smokers (control) and 201 healthy smokers to evaluate four SNPs in the XPA gene named rs10817938, rs1800975, rs3176751, and rs3176752 and four SNPs in the XPC gene called rs1870134, rs2228000, rs2228001, and rs2607775. In the XPA gene, SNP rs3176751 showed a high-risk association with CS-induced diseases with all clinical parameters, including CS duration, CS intensity, gender, and age of smokers. On the other hand, SNP rs1800975 showed a statistically significant low-risk association with all clinical parameters. In addition, rs10817938 showed a high-risk association only with long-term smokers and a low-risk association only with younger smokers. A low-risk association was found in SNP rs3176752 with older smokers. In the XPC gene, SNP rs2228001 showed a low-risk association only with female smokers. SNP rs2607775 revealed a statistically significant low-risk association with CS-induced diseases, concerning all parameters, except for male smokers. However, SNP rs2228000 and rs1870134 showed no association with CS. Overall, the study results demonstrated possible significant associations (effector/and protector) between CS and SNPs polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, such as XPA and XPC, except for rs2228000 and rs1870134 polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safiah Almushawwah
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikhlid H. Almutairi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M. Alamri
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelhabib Semlali
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, 2420 Rue de la Terrasse, Local 1758, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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15
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Han S, Jeong S, Ahn JC, Cho Y, Choi S, Park SJ, Kim KH, Lee G, Son JS, Park SM. Association of post-smoking cessation changes in fasting serum glucose with changes in predicted fatty liver score. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10300. [PMID: 37365204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Major post-cessation metabolic changes include weight gain and hyperglycemia. However, the association of post-cessation change in fasting serum glucose (FSG) with risk of fatty liver remains unclear. A total of 111,106 participants aged 40 and above who underwent health screening at least once in two examination periods were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Fatty liver status was evaluated using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (K-NAFLD) score. Linear and logistic regression were used to calculate the adjusted mean (aMean) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals. Compared to stable (aMean 0.10; 95% CI 0.03-0.18) and decline (aMean - 0.60; 95% CI - 0.71 to 0.49) groups, FSG elevation (aMean 1.28; 95% CI 1.16-1.39) was associated with higher K-NAFLD score even within different body mass index change groups. Risk of fatty liver was significantly reduced among participants with stable (aOR 0.38; 95% CI 0.31-0.45) and declined (aOR 0.17; 95% CI 0.13-0.22) FSG levels after smoking cessation compared to FSG elevation group. This study suggests that quitters with elevated FSG are associated with higher NAFLD risk and may benefit from careful monitoring of FSG levels and management of other cardiovascular risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saemi Han
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seogsong Jeong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Joseph C Ahn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yoosun Cho
- Total Healthcare Center, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seulggie Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Jae Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyae Hyung Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gyeongsil Lee
- KS Health Link Inst. and Life Clinic, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, South Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.
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Leta K, Lauwerier E, Willems S, Vermeersch S, Demeester B, Verloigne M. Smoking prevention within social work organizations: a qualitative study about youngsters' and youth workers' perceptions. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:7171694. [PMID: 37202340 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tobacco smoking uptake is still a major public health concern, especially among youngsters living in vulnerable situations. Finding optimal ways to engage youngsters in smoking prevention is important. Compared to traditional settings such as schools, social work settings providing sports-based and recreational activities (SR-settings) tend to reach and engage youngsters more. This study aimed to gain insight into the reasons for smoking uptake among youngsters living in vulnerable situations and the conditions through which SR-settings are potentially beneficial for smoking prevention initiatives. Data were collected in two SR-settings in Flanders, Belgium, by means of five focus group discussions and six individual interviews with youngsters (n = 38, mean age = 12.9 ± 2.61 years, 69.7% boys) and eight individual interviews with youth workers (n = 8, mean age = 27.5 ± 7.95 years, 87.5% men). A thematic analysis (TA) approach was applied to analyse the data. Besides individual factors, such as attitudes towards smoking, the desire to be part of a group and conformity to group norms seem to be important drivers of smoking uptake among youngsters in vulnerable situations. The presence of powerful role models in SR-settings with whom youngsters identify may counteract group norms by encouraging healthy behaviour. SR-settings seem suitable for questioning perceptions of vulnerable youngsters, unlike other settings where they may struggle to be heard. The conditional characteristics of SR-settings, such as authentic group processes, having meaningful roles, and being heard, make these contexts promising venues for smoking prevention efforts among vulnerable youngsters. Youth workers who have established trusting relationships with youngsters seem well-suited to communicate smoking prevention messages. A participatory approach, in which youngsters are involved in developing smoking prevention programs, is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Leta
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emelien Lauwerier
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Experimental-Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sara Willems
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Vermeersch
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Babette Demeester
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maïté Verloigne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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17
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Joachim GE, Bohnert KM, As-Sanie S, Harris HR, Upson K. Cannabis smoking, tobacco cigarette smoking, and adenomyosis risk. Fertil Steril 2023; 119:838-846. [PMID: 36716812 PMCID: PMC10900224 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate cannabis smoking and tobacco cigarette smoking in relation to adenomyosis risk. DESIGN We used data from a case-control study of adenomyosis conducted among enrollees ages 18-59 years of an integrated health care system in Washington State. The case-control study used 2 control groups given the challenge of selecting noncases when cases are diagnosed by hysterectomy. SUBJECTS Cases (n = 386) were enrollees with incident, pathology-confirmed adenomyosis diagnosed between April 1, 2001, and March 31, 2006. The 2 control groups comprised hysterectomy controls (n = 233) with pathology-confirmed absence of adenomyosis and population controls (n = 323) with an intact uterus selected randomly from the health care system population and frequency matched to cases on age. EXPOSURE Detailed data on cannabis and tobacco cigarette smoking history were ascertained through in-person structured interviews, allowing estimation of joint-years of cannabis smoking and pack-years of tobacco cigarette smoking. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between cannabis smoking, tobacco cigarette smoking, and adenomyosis were estimated using multivariable unconditional logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, reference year, menarche age, education, and pack-years of cigarette smoking (or joint-years of cannabis smoking). RESULTS No association was observed between cannabis smoking history and adenomyosis risk. However, we did observe the suggestion of an association between ever tobacco cigarette smoking and adenomyosis risk, comparing cases to hysterectomy controls (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.9-1.9) and population controls (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.8-1.8). Our data suggested a 50% increased odds of adenomyosis with >15 pack-years of smoking (vs. never smoking), comparing cases to hysterectomy controls (OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 0.9-2.6; Ptrend=.135). The suggestion of a 40% increased adenomyosis odds was observed with smoking >5-15 pack-years (vs. never smoking), comparing cases to population controls (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.8-2.4; Ptrend=0.136). CONCLUSION In the first study of cannabis smoking and adenomyosis risk, no association was observed. However, our data suggested an increased odds of adenomyosis with history of tobacco cigarette smoking. Further research is warranted to replicate our results given the substantial morbidity with adenomyosis and frequency of cigarette smoking and recreational and medical cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Joachim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Kipling M Bohnert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Sawsan As-Sanie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Holly R Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kristen Upson
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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18
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Alateeq M, Hafiz TA, Alnizari O. Measuring the Effect of Smoking or Tobacco Use on Vertigo Among the Adult Population in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e38516. [PMID: 37288209 PMCID: PMC10243229 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.38516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is widespread at all ages in Saudi society. In addition, complaints of vertigo are common. A key problem is how smoking affects vertigo and, thus, quality of life. Researchers have investigated the association between smoking and vertigo and found that smoking may be a risk factor for vertigo, but this association is not clear. The current study aims to investigate the association between smoking and vertigo. Materials and methods We conducted a cross-sectional study from March 2022 to January 2023 to investigate the effect of smoking on vertigo in Saudi Arabia's adult population. Results We found that smokers were more prone to vertigo than non-smokers. In addition, the severity of vertigo increases as the number of cigarettes smoked or the length of time in years that the person has smoked increases. Conclusion The findings of the study should inspire more research into the impact of demographic factors on vertigo among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohahmmed Alateeq
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Hail College of Medicine, Hail, SAU
| | | | - Osama Alnizari
- Family Medicine, University of Hail College of Medicine, Hail, SAU
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19
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Chih SM, Cheng CD, Chen SH, Sung CE, Huang RY, Cheng WC. The Impact of Smoking on Peri-implant Microbiota: A Systematic Review. J Dent 2023; 133:104525. [PMID: 37088258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Peri-implantitis is associated with bacterial plaque biofilms and with patients who have a history of periodontitis. Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis, but the relationship between smoking and peri-implantitis is unclear. The aim of this systematic review was to assess evidence ascertaining the relationship between smoking and peri-implant microbiota. DATA SOURCES An electronic search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase and Scopus® databases in duplicate up to January 2023 without language restrictions. Studies were considered eligible for inclusion if they involved evaluation of the peri-implant microbiota of smokers and nonsmokers. Methodological quality was assessed with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa scale. STUDY SELECTION Fourteen studies were identified for inclusion in the present study, and 85.7% of the studies were defined as medium to high methodological quality. Overall, the evidence presented in this review was limited to medium to high methodological quality. The data indicates that significantly higher frequencies of anaerobic pathogens are detectable in healthy peri-implant tissues of smokers. A lower diversity of microbiota was observed in healthy peri-implant sites of smokers. In the transition from clinically healthy to a diseased status, smoking shaped a reduced peri-implant microbiota by depleting commensal and enriching pathogenic species. CONCLUSIONS The composition of peri-implant microbiota may be influenced by smoking. More studies are needed to determine the impact of smoking on peri-implant microbiota. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In the transition from clinically healthy to a diseased status, smoking shaped a reduced peri-implant microbiota by depleting commensal and enriching pathogenic species. The composition of peri-implant microbiota may be influenced by smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Mi Chih
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center
| | - Chia-Dan Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Han Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-En Sung
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ren-Yeong Huang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chien Cheng
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Tri-Service General Hospital and National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Tamoli SM, Harit MK, Mundhe N, Pande SP, Damle N, Chavan S, Kamde R, Pawar VA, Mahadik S. Nicotine Free Herbal Composition for Smoking De-Addiction - A Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Randomized, Multicentric Clinical Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2023; 15:88-94. [PMID: 37469645 PMCID: PMC10353661 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_647_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking is a major predisposing factor for many health problems including cancers, vascular disorders, etc., To quit smoking is the only solution to prevent them. Various medicinal and non-medicinal methods are used worldwide for the same. The present study evaluates the effect of a nicotine free herbal formulation containing ingredients like Mucuna pruriens, Withania somnifera, Bacopa monnieri, etc., for cessation of smoking and its effects on other health parameters related to smoking. Materials and Methods The present study was a placebo controlled, double blind, randomized, and multi-centric clinical study conducted at three clinical sites in India. After ethical approval and informed consent, all participants were given Smotect Tablets or Placebo tablets in a dose of 2 tablets twice daily for 90 days. A total of 103 participants (52 in trial group and 51 in placebo group) completed the study. Evaluation of cessation of smoking was done along with other parameters like measurement of lung capacity, clinical assessment, and laboratory investigations before and after the study. Results A significant reduction in smoking as well as in the alveolar Carbon monoxide (p < 0.05) and Carboxyhemoglobin levels (p < 0.05) were observed with the use of Smotect tablets as compared to placebo over a period of 90 days. Significant improvement was also observed in quality of life, energy and stamina levels, and reduction of stress level. Smotect tablets were found to be safe without causing any adverse effects. Conclusion Smotect Tablets is an effective and safe remedy for cessation of smoking and reducing other effects related to smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Motilal Tamoli
- Target Institute of Medical Education and Research, Jaswanti Allied Business Center, Malad West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahesh Kumar Harit
- Department of Maullik Siddhant, Dr. D.Y. Patil Ayurved College and Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Shishir Purushottam Pande
- Department of Rasashastra and BK Ayurved Seva Sangh Ayurved Mahavidyalaya Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neena Damle
- D. Y. Patil School of Ayurveda, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Sheetal Chavan
- Ayurved Seva Sangh, Ayurveda Research Centre, Ganeshwadi, Panchvati, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Kamde
- KVTR College Hospital Boradi Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Swapnali Mahadik
- Target Institute of Medical Education and Research, Jaswanti Allied Business Center, Malad West, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Khan MTF, Lewis D, Kaelber DC, Winhusen TJ. Health outcomes associated with patterns of substance use disorders among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension: Electronic health record findings. Prim Care Diabetes 2023; 17:43-47. [PMID: 36437216 PMCID: PMC10855015 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2022.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To identify substance use disorder (SUD) patterns and their association with T2DM health outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension. METHODS We used latent class analysis on electronic health records from the MetroHealth System (Cleveland, Ohio) to obtain the target SUD groups: i) only tobacco (TUD), ii) tobacco and alcohol (TAUD), and iii) tobacco, alcohol, and at least one more substance (PSUD). A matching program with Mahalanobis distance within propensity score calipers created the matched control groups: no SUD (NSUD) for TUD and TUD for the other two SUD groups. The numbers of participants for the target-control groups were 8009 (TUD), 1672 (TAUD), and 642 (PSUD). RESULTS TUD was significantly associated with T2DM complications. Compared to TUD, the TAUD group showed a significantly higher likelihood for all-cause mortality (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.46) but not for any of the T2DM complications. Compared to TUD, the PSUD group experienced a significantly higher risk for cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (aOR = 2.19), diabetic neuropathy (aOR = 1.76), myocardial infarction (MI) (aOR = 1.76), and all-cause mortality (aOR = 1.66). CONCLUSIONS The findings of increased risk associated with PSUDs may provide insights for better management of patients with T2DM and hypertension co-occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Tareq Ferdous Khan
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - Daniel Lewis
- Center for Addiction Research, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David C Kaelber
- Department of Information Services, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA; Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - T John Winhusen
- Center for Addiction Research, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Hu H, Lan K, Liu H. Human symbiont Bacteroides xylanisolvens attenuates NASH through intestinal nicotine catabolism. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:81-82. [PMID: 36871984 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60387-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ke Lan
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Dunham CM, Huang GS, Chance EA, Hileman BM, Han JS. Trauma activation patient preinjury toxicology-positive proportions and associated risk conditions: A retrospective study. Injury 2023; 54:1334-1341. [PMID: 36737270 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unlike prior guidelines for a positive toxicology screen, the 2022 national trauma data bank dictionary requires the exclusion of postinjury drugs. We aimed to (1) investigate the proportion of drugs in the toxicology screen that were given postinjury; (2) determine preinjury toxicology-positive associations with smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories in an activation patient (ACT-Pt) cohort; and (3) explore whether ACT-Pt varied toxicology testing rates would produce similar preinjury toxicology-positive results. METHODS In this retrospective study, the historic parent database included consecutive trauma center admissions where toxicology testing was discretionary. A supplementary electronic medical record audit of ACT-Pts age 18-60 years assessed smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories. Subsequently, ACT-Pt age 18-100 years testing was encouraged by attending surgeons and, later routine testing was implemented. RESULTS Of 2,076 patients in the historic parent database, discretionary toxicology testing occurred in 23.9% (n = 496) and the positive proportion was 58.9% (n = 292). However, 23.6% (n = 69) of the positive screens had the drug given postinjury. The preinjury positive-toxicology proportion was 45.0% (223/496). Preinjury toxicology positivity was greater in ACT-Pts age 18-60 years (52.3%) than in other patients (activations >60 years of age or consultations) (33.7%; p < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.2). Smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories were more common in ACT-Pts age 18-60 years preinjury toxicology-positive patients (74.4%, 51.3%, and 98.7%) than in negative patients (36.6%, 25.2%, and 25.2%; p < 0.0001). In ACT-Pts age 18-100 years, when compared to historic discretionary testing (32.7%), testing was increased with encouraged testing (62.1%; p < 0.0001; OR = 3.4) and routine testing (73.1%; p < 0.0001; OR = 5.6). ACT-Pt preinjury toxicology positivity was similar for historic discretionary (47.9%), encouraged (57.6%), and routine (51.3%) (p = 0.3670) testing. The meta-analytic toxicology-positive proportion for the three testing strategies was 49.8%. CONCLUSIONS Substantial toxicology-positive findings are due to postinjury drug administration. Toxicology positivity is associated with ACT-Pts age 18-60 years and smoking, psychiatric, and drug abuse histories. ACT-Pt age 18-100 years preinjury toxicology positivity is 50% and does not vary with different testing proportions and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH 44501, United States.
| | - Gregory S Huang
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Jane S Han
- Department of Surgery, St Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital, 1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
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Yang D, Kim JW, Jeong H, Kim MS, Lim CW, Lee K, Kim B. Effects of maternal cigarette smoke exposure on the progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in offspring mice. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:91-103. [PMID: 36726830 PMCID: PMC9839905 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-022-00153-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a dominant carcinogenic agent in a variety of human cancers. CS exposure during pregnancy can adversely affect the fetus. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered as a hepatic manifestation of a metabolic disorder, and ranges from simple steatosis to cirrhosis leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a more severe phase of NAFLD. Recently, there is increasing apprehension about the CS-related chronic liver diseases. Therefore, we examined whether maternal CS exposure could affect the pathogenesis of NASH in offspring. Mainstream CS (MSCS) was exposed to pregnant C57BL/6 mice via nose-only inhalation for 2 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks from day 6 to 17 of gestation at 0, 300, or 600 μg/L. Three-week-old male offspring mice were fed methionine and choline-supplemented (MCS) diet or methionine and choline-deficient including high-fat (MCDHF) diet for 6 weeks to induce NASH. Maternal MSCS exposure increased the severity of NASH by increasing serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, hepatic total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels, pro-inflammation, fibrosis, and steatosis in offspring mice. Especially, maternal MSCS exposure significantly downregulated the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in MCDHF diet-fed offspring mice. Subsequently, the protein levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1c and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) were upregulated by maternal MSCS exposure. In conclusion, maternal MSCS exposure exacerbates the progression of NASH by modulating lipogenesis on offspring mice. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43188-022-00153-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daram Yang
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-Ro, Iksan-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-Ro, Iksan-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Hyuneui Jeong
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-Ro, Iksan-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekak 1-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Woong Lim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-Ro, Iksan-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuhong Lee
- Inhalation Toxicology Center, Jeonbuk Department of Inhalation Research, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 30, Baekak 1-Gil, Jeongeup, 56212 Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-Ro, Iksan-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 54596 Republic of Korea
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Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL-Menthol-Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9110367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aerosol constituents generated from JUUL Menthol pods with 3.0% and 5.0% nicotine by weight (Me3 and Me5) are characterized by a non-targeted approach, which was developed to detect aerosol constituents that are not known to be present beforehand or that may be measured with targeted methods. Three replicates from three production batches (n = 9) were aerosolized using two puffing regimens (intense and non-intense). Each of the 18 samples were analyzed by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry and by liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high-resolving power mass spectrometry. All chemical constituents determined to differ from control were identified and semi-quantified. To have a complete understanding of the aerosol constituents and chemistry, each chemical constituent was categorized into one of five groups: (1) flavorants, (2) harmful and potentially harmful constituents, (3) leachables, (4) reaction products, and (5) chemical constituents that were unable to be identified or rationalized (e.g., chemical constituents that could not be categorized in groups (1–4). Under intense puffing, 74 chemical constituents were identified in Me3 aerosols and 68 under non-intense puffing, with 53 chemical constituents common between both regimens. Eighty-three chemical constituents were identified in Me5 aerosol using an intense puffing regimen and seventy-five with a non-intense puffing regimen, with sixty-two chemical constituents in common. Excluding primary constituents, reaction products accounted for the greatest number of chemical constituents (approximately 60% in all cases, ranging from about 0.05% to 0.1% by mass), and flavorants—excluding menthol—comprised the second largest number of chemical constituents (approximately 25%, ranging consistently around 0.01% by mass). The chemical constituents detected in JUUL aerosols were then compared to known constituents from cigarette smoke to determine the relative chemical complexities and commonalities/differences between the two. This revealed (1) a substantial decrease in the chemical complexity of JUUL aerosols vs. cigarette smoke and (2) that there are between 55 (Me3) and 61 (Me5) unique chemical constituents in JUUL aerosols not reported in cigarette smoke. Understanding the chemical complexity of JUUL aerosols is important because the health effects of combustible cigarette smoke are related to the combined effect of these chemical constituents through multiple mechanisms, not just the effects of any single smoke constituent.
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Factors associated with smoking quit attempts among tobacco smokers. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2022.002657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite more than one-third of tobacco users attempting to quit tobacco each year, only 4–6 % of them succeed to remains abstinent after one year.
The aim: This study aims to estimate the proportion of smokers who attempt to quit tobacco smoking and determine factors associated with quitting behaviour.
Methods: This community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among 720 smokers aged 18 years and above residing in a rural area of Haryana state of India. A chi-square test determined the association between various variables under study and quitting attempts among study subjects. Factors found to be statistically significant using a chi-square test were entered into a binary logistic regression analysis to obtain determinants of smoking quitting attempts among the respondents.
Results: 28.5 % of the respondents had attempted to quit smoking during the past 1 year. The majority of them, i.e., 73.7 %, had attempted once, whereas 21.0 % and 5.4 % of respondents had made 2 and 3 attempts, respectively, to quit smoking during the last 1 year. Factors independently associated with quitting behaviour were educational level (AOR=1.851, p=0.028), age of initiation (AOR=0.620, p=0.026), reasons for smoking (AOR=1.681, p=0.016), money spent on smoking (AOR=1.700, p=0.003), family pressure to quit smoking (AOR=1.725, p=0.006) and advice from health professionals to quit smoking (AOR=2.104, p<0.001).
Conclusion: Around one-third of smokers have attempted to quit tobacco smoking in the past year. Hence there is a need to formulate policies towards a targeted intervention for smokers who have not attempted to quit smoking in the past 1 year for effective tobacco control
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Pathak BG, Rahini S, Manapurath RM, Sharath BN, Gupta R, Goel S. Tobacco smoking and blood pressure: How are they related among the Indians? - A secondary analysis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data. J Family Med Prim Care 2022; 11:5776-5784. [PMID: 36505644 PMCID: PMC9731090 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_166_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background India, the second leading producer of tobacco, puts the population at a higher chance of tobacco consumption contributing to a significant disease burden. Though tobacco smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension and has been on the rise among the population, studies on the relationship of tobacco with hypertension are limited in India. Aim This study aimed to assess the population-level risk of tobacco (smoke) use and elevated blood pressure (BP) among Indians and also assess the association of risk of tobacco smoking with hypertension based on the place of residence. Materials and Methods Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 was utilized. The prevalence of hypertension and its magnitude of association with smoking factors was found using univariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the association of smoking products with elevated BP by adjusting the model for sociodemographic factors, illness, physical characteristics, and state-wise data. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 16.56% (confidence interval [CI]: 16.34-16.78) in males and 11.20% (CI: 11.12-11.27) in females. Among those who smoked tobacco, 15.3% women and 22.4% men were hypertensive. This study highlights the significant association of smoking of various tobacco products with hypertension in both men and women on univariate analysis. But the adjusted mean elevated BP among the tobacco-using males and females was not significantly associated with smoking cigarettes, pipe, cigars, and hookah. Conclusion Cigarette smoking is a modifiable factor for the development and progression of hypertension. Adequate preventive and promotive health measures targeting the young, rural inhabitants and the poorer sections of society may help in reducing tobacco consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barsha Gadapani Pathak
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - S Rahini
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rukman M. Manapurath
- Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - BN Sharath
- Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, India
| | - Rakesh Gupta
- President and Director of Public Health, Strategic Institute for Public Health Education and Research (SIPHER), Former-Director Health Services and Director of Chemical Examiner Lab, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sonu Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Sonu Goel, Professor of Health Management, Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India. E-mail:
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Dunham CM, Huang GS, Chance EA, Hileman BM. Trauma center risk conditions for blood alcohol-positive and alcohol misuse patients: a retrospective study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BURNS AND TRAUMA 2022; 12:149-160. [PMID: 36160674 PMCID: PMC9490155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Because few studies have assessed blood alcohol concentration (BAC)-positive risk conditions in trauma activation patients, this retrospective investigation pursued such an analysis. The parent database included consecutive trauma center admissions from January 21 to July 21 for 2018-2020. The supplementary electronic medical record audit of trauma activation patients aged 18-60 years (TA18-60) assessed alcohol misuse, smoking history, and serum bicarbonate levels. An alcohol misuse risk score was created by assigning a value of 0 (no) or 1 (yes) for each risk condition: 1) smoking history, 2) BAC-positive status, 3) BAC ≥ 100 mg/dL with Glasgow Coma Scale score (GCS) ≥ 13, 4) age ≥ 40 years, and 5) bicarbonate level ≥ 20 mmol/L in BAC-positive patients and summing the total score (range, 0-5). Of 2,076 patients, BAC testing occurred in 60.9% (n = 1,265). BAC positivity was greater in TA18-60 (36.9%) than in other patients (20.8%; P < 0.0001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.2). In the TA18-60 audit (n = 742), categorizations were available for BAC status, 98.5%; smoking history, 99.3%; alcohol misuse history, 99.5%; and bicarbonate level, 99.5%. BAC positivity was greater in smokers (41.3%) than in non-smokers (31.5%; P = 0.0061; OR = 1.5). BAC positivity was greater with alcohol misuse (87.0%) than without (17.7%; P < 0.0001; OR = 31.2). BAC-positive was associated with a greater proportion of bicarbonate levels < 20 mmol/L (52.0%) than BAC-negative (31.8%; P < 0.0001; OR = 2.3). The alcohol misuse proportion was greater with an alcohol misuse risk score of 3-5 (74.4% [142/191]) than with a risk score of 0-2 (10.4% [57/546]; P < 0.0001; OR = 24.9; area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.89). This retrospective study demonstrates that BAC positivity is associated with TA18-60, smoking and alcohol misuse histories, and metabolic acidosis. An alcohol misuse history is associated with multiple risk conditions. Trauma center leadership should provide procedures to identify patients who are BAC-positive or have a positive smoking or alcohol misuse history. Then, such patients should be referred to care providers who can offer assistance and guidance for enhancing overall patient wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl M Dunham
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Gregory S Huang
- Trauma, Critical Care, and General Surgery Services, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Elisha A Chance
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
| | - Barbara M Hileman
- Trauma and Neuroscience Research Department, St. Elizabeth Youngstown Hospital1044 Belmont Ave., Youngstown, OH 44501, United States
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Prevalence, and associated factors of tobacco smoking among adults in the United Arab Emirates; results from national health survey. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-021-01571-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Vieujean S, Caron B, Haghnejad V, Jouzeau JY, Netter P, Heba AC, Ndiaye NC, Moulin D, Barreto G, Danese S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Impact of the Exposome on the Epigenome in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients and Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7611. [PMID: 35886959 PMCID: PMC9321337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract that encompass two main phenotypes, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These conditions occur in genetically predisposed individuals in response to environmental factors. Epigenetics, acting by DNA methylation, post-translational histones modifications or by non-coding RNAs, could explain how the exposome (or all environmental influences over the life course, from conception to death) could influence the gene expression to contribute to intestinal inflammation. We performed a scoping search using Medline to identify all the elements of the exposome that may play a role in intestinal inflammation through epigenetic modifications, as well as the underlying mechanisms. The environmental factors epigenetically influencing the occurrence of intestinal inflammation are the maternal lifestyle (mainly diet, the occurrence of infection during pregnancy and smoking); breastfeeding; microbiota; diet (including a low-fiber diet, high-fat diet and deficiency in micronutrients); smoking habits, vitamin D and drugs (e.g., IBD treatments, antibiotics and probiotics). Influenced by both microbiota and diet, short-chain fatty acids are gut microbiota-derived metabolites resulting from the anaerobic fermentation of non-digestible dietary fibers, playing an epigenetically mediated role in the integrity of the epithelial barrier and in the defense against invading microorganisms. Although the impact of some environmental factors has been identified, the exposome-induced epimutations in IBD remain a largely underexplored field. How these environmental exposures induce epigenetic modifications (in terms of duration, frequency and the timing at which they occur) and how other environmental factors associated with IBD modulate epigenetics deserve to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte Caron
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Vincent Haghnejad
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Patrick Netter
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Anne-Charlotte Heba
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - Ndeye Coumba Ndiaye
- NGERE (Nutrition-Genetics and Exposure to Environmental Risks), National Institute of Health and Medical Research, University of Lorraine, F-54000 Nancy, France; (A.-C.H.); (N.C.N.)
| | - David Moulin
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Guillermo Barreto
- CNRS (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Laboratoire IMoPA, Université de Lorraine, UMR 7365, F-54000 Nancy, France; (J.-Y.J.); (P.N.); (D.M.); (G.B.)
- Lung Cancer Epigenetics, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
- International Laboratory EPIGEN, Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Puebla (CONCYTEP), Universidad de la Salud del Estado de Puebla, Puebla 72000, Mexico
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology NGERE (INSERM U1256), Nancy University Hospital, University of Lorraine, Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, F-54052 Nancy, France; (B.C.); (V.H.)
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Kakoria A, Sinha-Ray S. Ultrafine nanofiber-based high efficiency air filter from waste cigarette butts. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Amialchuk A, Sapci O. The long-term health effects of initiating smoking in adolescence: Evidence from a national longitudinal survey. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2022; 31:597-613. [PMID: 34989036 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We estimate the long-term effect of initiating smoking in adolescence on a range of health outcomes later in life. We use the second wave (1996) and the fifth wave (2016-2018) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) and estimate instrumental variables models with school-level fixed effects, where the instruments are the average rate of smoking among friends and the respondents' perceptions about their friends' smoking. We find that smoking in adolescence has a negative impact on 15 of the 28 self-reported, diagnosed, and self-identified health outcomes approximately 20 years later.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Onur Sapci
- Department of Economics, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Cardenas A, Ecker S, Fadadu RP, Huen K, Orozco A, McEwen LM, Engelbrecht HR, Gladish N, Kobor MS, Rosero-Bixby L, Dow WH, Rehkopf DH. Epigenome-wide association study and epigenetic age acceleration associated with cigarette smoking among Costa Rican adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4277. [PMID: 35277542 PMCID: PMC8917214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08160-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking-associated DNA methylation (DNAm) signatures are reproducible among studies of mostly European descent, with mixed evidence if smoking accelerates epigenetic aging and its relationship to longevity. We evaluated smoking-associated DNAm signatures in the Costa Rican Study on Longevity and Healthy Aging (CRELES), including participants from the high longevity region of Nicoya. We measured genome-wide DNAm in leukocytes, tested Epigenetic Age Acceleration (EAA) from five clocks and estimates of telomere length (DNAmTL), and examined effect modification by the high longevity region. 489 participants had a mean (SD) age of 79.4 (10.8) years, and 18% were from Nicoya. Overall, 7.6% reported currently smoking, 35% were former smokers, and 57.4% never smoked. 46 CpGs and five regions (e.g. AHRR, SCARNA6/SNORD39, SNORA20, and F2RL3) were differentially methylated for current smokers. Former smokers had increased Horvath’s EAA (1.69-years; 95% CI 0.72, 2.67), Hannum’s EAA (0.77-years; 95% CI 0.01, 1.52), GrimAge (2.34-years; 95% CI1.66, 3.02), extrinsic EAA (1.27-years; 95% CI 0.34, 2.21), intrinsic EAA (1.03-years; 95% CI 0.12, 1.94) and shorter DNAmTL (− 0.04-kb; 95% CI − 0.08, − 0.01) relative to non-smokers. There was no evidence of effect modification among residents of Nicoya. Our findings recapitulate previously reported and novel smoking-associated DNAm changes in a Latino cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, #5121, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Simone Ecker
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Raj P Fadadu
- School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Karen Huen
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, #5121, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Allan Orozco
- School of Health Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San José, San Pedro, Costa Rica
| | - Lisa M McEwen
- Faculty of Human and Social Development, School of Health Information Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hannah-Ruth Engelbrecht
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Nicole Gladish
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Michael S Kobor
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Luis Rosero-Bixby
- Centro Centroamericano de Población (CCP), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - William H Dow
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - David H Rehkopf
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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The Natural Compound Dehydrocrenatidine Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Stemness and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Regulating a7nAChR-Jak2 Signaling Pathways. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:8316335. [PMID: 35111269 PMCID: PMC8803439 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8316335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to nicotine has been observed associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and therapy resistance of many cancers. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one major cancer related to the liver and the most difficult to treat malignancies worldwide. The underlying mechanism of nicotine in the stimulation of HCC tumorigenesis is still not studied well. Methods Classically, nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and induces many downstream cancer-associated signaling pathways. Big data analysis is used to explore the importance of a7nAChR-Jak2 axis in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine gene associated with a7nAChR-Jak2 axis of HCC patients. Biological importance of a7nAChR-Jak2 axis was investigated in vitro (Hun7 and HepG2 cell lines), and athymic nude mouse models bearing HepG2-HCC cells xenografts were established in vivo. Result We found that nicotine exposure stimulated the HCC tumorigenicity by inducing the expression of one of the key nAChRs subunit that is α7nAChR as well as the expression of Janus kinase (JAK)-2. In both the in vitro and in vivo studies, the reduced overexpression of α7nAChR and increased sensitization of HCC towards treatment is observed with dehydrocrenatidine (DHCT), a novel and potent JAK family kinase inhibitor. Interestingly, DHCT treatment results in the reduction of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process which leads to a significant reduction of clonogenicity, migratory, and invasive ability of HCC cells. Moreover, DHCT treatment also inhibits the cancer stem cell phenotype by inhibiting the tumor-sphere formation and reducing the number of ALDH1+ cells population in nicotine-stimulated HCC cells. Conclusions Taken together, the presented results indicate the positive effect of inhibition of nicotine induced overexpression of α7nAChR and JAK2, unique to HCC. Thus, these findings suggest the nicotine effect on HCC progression via α7nAChR-mediated JAK2 signaling pathways, and DHCT treatment enhances the therapeutic potential of HCC patients via overcoming/reversing the effect of nicotine in HCC patients.
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Vieira Ramos G, de Sousa Neto IV, Toledo-Arruda AC, Marqueti RDC, Vieira RP, Martins MA, Salvini TF, Durigan JLQ. Moderate Treadmill Training Induces Limited Effects on Quadriceps Muscle Hypertrophy in Mice Exposed to Cigarette Smoke Involving Metalloproteinase 2. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:33-42. [PMID: 35027823 PMCID: PMC8752871 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s326894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term cigarette smoke (CS) induces substantive extrapulmonary effects, including musculoskeletal system disorders. Exercise training seems to protect long-term smokers against fiber atrophy in the locomotor muscles. Nevertheless, the extracellular matrix (ECM) changes in response to aerobic training remain largely unknown. Thus, we investigated the effects of moderate treadmill training on aerobic performance, cross-sectional area (CSA), fiber distribution, and metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) activity on quadriceps muscle in mice exposed to chronic CS. Methods Male mice were randomized into four groups: control or smoke (6 per group) and exercise or exercise+smoke (5 per group). Animals were exposed to 12 commercially filtered cigarettes per day (0.8 mg of nicotine, 10 mg of tar, and 10 mg of CO per cigarette). The CSA, fibers distribution, and MMP-2 activity by zymography were assessed after a period of treadmill training (50% of maximal exercise capacity for 60 min/day, 5 days/week) for 24 weeks. Results The CS exposure did not change CSA compared to the control group (p>0.05), but minor fibers in the frequency distribution (<1000 µm2) were observed. Long-term CS exposure attenuated CSA increases in exercise conditions (smoke+exercise vs exercise) while did not impair aerobic performance. Quadriceps CSA increased in mice nonsmoker submitted to aerobic training (p = 0.001). There was higher pro-MMP-2 activity in the smoke+exercise group when compared to the smoke group (p = 0.01). Regarding active MMP-2, the exercise showed higher values when compared to the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion Moderate treadmill training for 24 weeks in mice exposed to CS did not modify CSA, despite inducing higher pro-MMP-2 activity in the quadriceps muscle, suggesting limited effects on ECM remodeling. Our findings may contribute to new insights into molecular mechanisms for CS conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gracielle Vieira Ramos
- Physical Therapy Division, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,Department of Physical Therapy, University Paulista, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta Toledo-Arruda
- Faculty of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Medicine Clinical (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis, Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo P Vieira
- Universidade Brasil, Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (LABPEI), Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE) and Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Federal University of Sao Paulo, Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton A Martins
- Department of Medicine Clinical (LIM 20), School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia F Salvini
- Department of Physical Therapy, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
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Kavousi M, Pisinger C, Barthelemy JC, De Smedt D, Koskinas K, Marques-Vidal P, Panagiotakos D, Prescott EB, Tiberi M, Vassiliou VS, Løchen ML. Electronic cigarettes and health with special focus on cardiovascular effects: position paper of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021; 28:1552-1566. [PMID: 32726563 DOI: 10.1177/2047487320941993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use is the single largest preventable risk factor for premature death of non-communicable diseases and the second leading cause of cardiovascular disease. In response to the harmful effects of tobacco smoking, the use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has emerged and gained significant popularity over the past 15 years. E-cigarettes are promoted as safe alternatives for traditional tobacco smoking and are often suggested as a way to reduce or quit smoking. However, evidence suggests they are not harmless. DISCUSSION The rapid evolution of the e-cigarette market has outpaced the legislator's regulatory capacity, leading to mixed regulations. The increasing use of e-cigarettes in adolescents and young individuals is of concern. While the long-term direct cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes remain largely unknown, the existing evidence suggests that the e-cigarette should not be regarded as a cardiovascular safe product. The contribution of e-cigarette use to reducing conventional cigarette use and smoking cessation is complex, and the impact of e-cigarette use on long-term cessation lacks sufficient evidence. CONCLUSION This position paper describes the evidence regarding the prevalence of e-cigarette smoking, uptake of e-cigarettes in the young, related legislations, cardiovascular effects of e-cigarettes and the impact of e-cigarettes on smoking cessation. Knowledge gaps in the field are also highlighted. The recommendations from the population science and public health section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotta Pisinger
- Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Delphine De Smedt
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maja-Lisa Løchen
- Department of Community Medicine, The Arctic University of Norway, Norway
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Chen G, Ghazal M, Rahman S, Lutfy K. The impact of adolescent nicotine exposure on alcohol use during adulthood: The role of neuropeptides. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2021; 161:53-93. [PMID: 34801174 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nicotine and alcohol abuse and co-dependence represent major public health crises. Indeed, previous research has shown that the prevalence of alcoholism is higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Adolescence is a susceptible period of life for the initiation of nicotine and alcohol use and the development of nicotine-alcohol codependence. However, there is a limited number of pharmacotherapeutic agents to treat addiction to nicotine or alcohol alone. Notably, there is no effective medication to treat this comorbid disorder. This chapter aims to review the early nicotine use and its impact on subsequent alcohol abuse during adolescence and adulthood as well as the role of neuropeptides in this comorbid disorder. The preclinical and clinical findings discussed in this chapter will advance our understanding of this comorbid disorder's neurobiology and lay a foundation for developing novel pharmacotherapies to treat nicotine and alcohol codependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Chen
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - M Ghazal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, United States
| | - K Lutfy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States.
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38
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Waters AF, Peltier MR, Roys MR, Stewart SA, Copeland AL. Smoking and suicidal ideation among college students: Smoking expectancies as potential moderators. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2021; 69:951-958. [PMID: 32027235 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2020.1719112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: In the present study, we sought to establish a link between suicidal ideation (SI) and smoking in college students, determine whether psychopathology accounted for the association, and determine whether smoking expectancies were moderators. Participants: Participants (N = 607) were identified as nonsmokers, exsmokers, infrequent smokers, or daily smokers. Methods: Participants were assessed for smoking patterns, smoking expectancies, psychopathology, SI, and past suicide attempts. Results: Daily smokers had the highest level of SI. There was a dose-response relationship between smoking and SI, such that the higher the daily smoking rate, the greater the SI, even when controlling for depression, alcohol use, and drug use. Trend-level results indicated that at lower smoking rates, elevated smoking-related negative affect reduction (NAR) expectancies were associated with lower SI, while elevated NAR expectancies in combination with higher smoking rates were associated with greater SI. Conclusion: Smoking cessation programs for college students should screen for SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron F Waters
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - MacKenzie R Peltier
- Psychology Service, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie R Roys
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Shelby A Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Amy L Copeland
- Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Non-Targeted Chemical Characterization of JUUL Virginia Tobacco Flavored Aerosols Using Liquid and Gas Chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical constituents of JUUL Virginia Tobacco pods with 3.0% and 5.0% nicotine by weight (VT3 and VT5) were characterized by non-targeted analyses, an approach to detect chemicals that are not otherwise measured with dedicated methods or that are not known beforehand. Aerosols were generated using intense and non-intense puffing regimens and analyzed by gas chromatography electron ionization mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolving power mass spectrometry. All compounds above 0.7 µg/g for GC–MS analysis or above 0.5 µg/g for LC–HRMS analysis and differing from blank measurements were identified and semi-quantified. All identifications were evaluated and categorized into five groups: flavorants, harmful and potentially harmful constituents, extractables and/or leachables, reaction products, and compounds that could not be identified/rationalized. For VT3, 79 compounds were identified using an intense puffing regimen and 69 using a non-intense puffing regimen. There were 60 compounds common between both regimens. For VT5, 85 compounds were identified with an intense puffing regimen and 73 with a non-intense puffing regimen; 67 compounds were in common. For all nicotine concentrations, formulations and puffing regimens, reaction products accounted for the greatest number of compounds (ranging from 70% to 75%; 0.08% to 0.1% by mass), and flavorants comprised the second largest number of compounds (ranging from for 15% to 16%; 0.1 to 0.2% by mass). A global comparison of the compounds detected in JUUL aerosol to those catalogued in cigarette smoke indicated an approximate 50-fold decrease in chemical complexity. Both VT3 and VT5 aerosols contained 59 unique compounds not identified in cigarette smoke.
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Mhd Noor MT, Kadir Shahar H, Baharudin MR, Syed Ismail SN, Abdul Manaf R, Md Said S, A/l Muthiah SG, Ahmad J. Health Education-Based Intervention in Flood Disaster Preparedness for Communities in Selangor: Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021. [DOI: 10.2196/31719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Szalontai K, Gémes N, Furák J, Varga T, Neuperger P, Balog JÁ, Puskás LG, Szebeni GJ. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Epidemiology, Biomarkers, and Paving the Way to Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10132889. [PMID: 34209651 PMCID: PMC8268950 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the frequently fatal pathology of the respiratory tract, accounts for half a billion cases globally. COPD manifests via chronic inflammatory response to irritants, frequently to tobacco smoke. The progression of COPD from early onset to advanced disease leads to the loss of the alveolar wall, pulmonary hypertension, and fibrosis of the respiratory epithelium. Here, we focus on the epidemiology, progression, and biomarkers of COPD with a particular connection to lung cancer. Dissecting the cellular and molecular players in the progression of the disease, we aim to shed light on the role of smoking, which is responsible for the disease, or at least for the more severe symptoms and worse patient outcomes. We summarize the inflammatory conditions, as well as the role of EMT and fibroblasts in establishing a cancer-prone microenvironment, i.e., the soil for ‘COPD-derived’ lung cancer. We highlight that the major health problem of COPD can be alleviated via smoking cessation, early diagnosis, and abandonment of the usage of biomass fuels on a global basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Szalontai
- Csongrád County Hospital of Chest Diseases, Alkotmány u. 36., H6772 Deszk, Hungary;
| | - Nikolett Gémes
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Semmelweis u. 8., H6725 Szeged, Hungary;
| | - Tünde Varga
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
| | - Patrícia Neuperger
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - József Á. Balog
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- PhD School in Biology, University of Szeged, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - László G. Puskás
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Avicor Ltd. Alsó Kikötő sor 11/D, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor J. Szebeni
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Biological Research Centre, Temesvári krt. 62., H6726 Szeged, Hungary; (N.G.); (T.V.); (P.N.); (J.Á.B.); (L.G.P.)
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Neuroscience, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Közép fasor 52, H6726 Szeged, Hungary
- CS-Smartlab Devices Ltd., Ady E. u. 14., H7761 Kozármisleny, Hungary
- Correspondence:
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Tobaiqy M, MacLure A, Thomas D, MacLure K. The Impact of COVID-19 on Smoking Behaviours and Support for Smoke-Free Zones in Saudi Arabia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18136927. [PMID: 34203424 PMCID: PMC8297188 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18136927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on smoking and smoking cessation behaviours and support for smoke-free zones in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A pre-tested structured survey was distributed by email in October-November 2020 to students and staff at the University of Jeddah. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics with summative content analysis of open text. Participants providing open text comments (n = 374/666; 56.4%) were non-smokers (n = 293; 78.3%), former smokers (n = 26; 7.0%) and current smokers (n = 55; 14.7%). Some had household members (n = 220; 58.8%) and friends who smoke (n = 198; 52.9%) plus daily exposure to secondhand smoke at home (n = 125; 33.4%). There was an awareness during COVID-19 of: smoking inside cafes/restaurants and other indoor and outdoor public places; exposure to warnings in the media both against and promoting smoking; widespread support for smoke-free zones. Smokers plans for accessing smoking cessation support are inconsistent with retrospective reports. Many express positivity highlighting reductions in smoking but there were also negative reports of increased smoking. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of society worldwide. People have been at home more with restricted freedom of movement and limitations on social liberty. These individual accounts can help to focus evidence-based smoking prevention and cessation programmes during and post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Tobaiqy
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 45311, Jeddah 21512, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Dennis Thomas
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
| | - Katie MacLure
- Independent Research Consultant, Aberdeen AB32 6RU, UK;
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43
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Menshov VA, Kancheva VD, Yablonskaya OI, Trofimov AV. Transformation of the Antioxidant Properties of Tar from Tobacco Smoke in Metabolic Processes: Model Chemiluminescence Study. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793121010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Hori A, Inoue Y, Kuwahara K, Kunugita N, Akter S, Nishiura C, Kinugawa C, Endo M, Ogasawara T, Nagahama S, Miyamoto T, Tomita K, Yamamoto M, Nakagawa T, Honda T, Yamamoto S, Okazaki H, Imai T, Nishihara A, Sasaki N, Uehara A, Murakami T, Shimizu M, Eguchi M, Kochi T, Konishi M, Kashino I, Yamaguchi M, Nanri A, Kabe I, Mizoue T, Dohi S. Smoking and Long-Term Sick Leave in a Japanese Working Population: Findings of the Japan Epidemiology Collaboration on Occupational Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:135-142. [PMID: 31679035 PMCID: PMC7789951 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Few studies have investigated the association between tobacco smoking and sick leave (SL) in Japan. Methods We followed 70 896 workers aged 20–59 years (60 133 males, 10 763 females) between April 2012 and March 2017. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to investigate the associations between smoking (smoking status and intensity) and long-term SL (ie, SL lasting ≥30 consecutive days). Cause-specific analyses were also conducted. Results A total of 1777 people took long-term SL during a follow-up of 307 749 person years. Compared with never-smokers, current smokers were at a higher risk of long-term SL (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19 to 1.48). Cause-specific analyses revealed that current smoking was associated with a higher risk of SL due to all physical disorders (HR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.22 to 1.69), cancer (HR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.10 to 2.01), cardiovascular disease (CVD; HR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.31 to 3.55), and injuries/external causes (HR = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.31 to 2.58). Former smokers were at a higher risk of SL due to cancer at a borderline significance level (HR = 1.38, 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.92). Low-intensity smoking (ie, 1–10 cigarettes smoked per day) was associated with all-cause SL, SL due to CVD, and SL due to injuries/external causes compared with never-smokers. Conclusion In a large cohort of working-age Japanese, smoking was associated with a greater risk of long-term SL. Greater effort is needed to mitigate disease burden associated with smoking at workplace in Japan. Implications Our study contributes to the literature on the association between smoking and SL in several ways. First, the study was conducted among a Japanese working population. While the association has been extensively studied in Western setting, few attempts have been made elsewhere. Second, cause-specific analyses were undertaken in our study. Third, we paid attention to the effect of low-intensity smoking on SL given that there is growing evidence of an elevated health risk associated with low-intensity smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Hori
- Department of Global Public Health, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan
| | - Yosuke Inoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kuwahara
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Teikyo University Graduate School of Public Health, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Kunugita
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shamima Akter
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Nishiura
- Department of Safety and Health, Tokyo Gas Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Motoki Endo
- Department of Public Health, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Naoko Sasaki
- Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Taizo Murakami
- Mizue Medical Clinic, Keihin Occupational Health Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makiko Shimizu
- East Japan Works (Keihin), JFE Steel Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Maki Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuko Kashino
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miwa Yamaguchi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Nanri
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Food and Health Sciences, International College of Arts and Sciences, Fukuoka Women's University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuya Mizoue
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Ballesteros S, Barguilla I, Marcos R, Hernández A. Nanoceria, alone or in combination with cigarette-smoke condensate, induce transforming and epigenetic cancer-like features in vitro. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021; 16:293-305. [PMID: 33501851 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2020-0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To detect cell transformation effects of nanoceria after long-term exposure (up to 6 weeks) and to determine their potential interactions with cigarette smoke condensate, as a model of environmental carcinogenic pollutant. Materials & methods: Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2 cells were used to determine transformation effects (invasion and tumorspheres induction), as well as changes in the expression of a battery of miRNAs related to the carcinogenesis process. Results: Nanoceria- and co-exposed cells exhibit cell transforming potential, with significantly increased invasion and tumorsphere formation abilities. Likewise, these exposures produced a high impact on the battery of miRNAs used. Conclusion: Nanoceria exposure induces cell-transformation and shows a positive interaction with the cell-transforming effects of cigarette smoke condensate. Besides, cerium dioxide nanoparticles and the co-exposure produced potential toxicity at the transcriptome level, which is related to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Ballesteros
- Department of Genetics & Microbiology, Group of Mutagenesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Barguilla
- Department of Genetics & Microbiology, Group of Mutagenesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Marcos
- Department of Genetics & Microbiology, Group of Mutagenesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Hernández
- Department of Genetics & Microbiology, Group of Mutagenesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology & Public Health (CIBERESP), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
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46
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Damiri B, Khatib O, Nazzal Z, Sanduka D, Igbaria S, Thabaleh A, Farhoud A, Saudi L, Belkebir S, Al Ali R, Alili M, Hamdan M, Safarini OA, Younis O. Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Tobacco and Caffeine Products Use Among Refugee Adolescents: Risk of Dyslipidemia. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4121-4133. [PMID: 34616165 PMCID: PMC8487859 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s329675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to their stressful lives, Palestinian refugees are prone to use cognitive enhancers (CE) and psychostimulant substances (PS). Recognising health problems associated with CE/PS use can indicate how preventive programs should be directed towards adolescents. Unfortunately, research has not thoroughly investigated the health problems related to tobacco and caffeine products, the most socially acceptable CE/PS among Palestinian refugee adolescents. METHODOLOGY In 2021, schoolchildren from five Palestinian refugee camps (N=271) aged 12-<16 years agreed to give blood samples and to be interviewed to address the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and tobacco smoking, coffee, energy drinks (ED), black tea, and chocolate consumption. MetS was diagnosed based on International Diabetic Federation Criteria. To address the association, we used binary logistic regression models adjusted to age, gender, BMI, and central obesity. RESULTS The prevalence of MetS was [17 (6.3%)]; (7.4%) in males, (5.1%) in females. The prevalence of substance use was as follows: ED [163 (48.9%)], coffee [255 (76.6%)], black tea [295 (89.1%)], cigarette [35 (10.5%)], waterpipe [59 (17.7%)], and chocolate [309 (93.6%)], with male predominance. Cigarette smokers have increased central obesity (p-value=0.024), and decreased HDL-cholesterol (p-value=0.015) than non-smokers. Similar results were observed for waterpipe smokers besides the increased levels of triglycerides (p-value=0.01). ED consumers have increased central obesity (p-value=0.03) and fast blood sugar (p-value=0.003) than non-consumers. Chocolate consumers have decreased central obesity (p-value=0.008) and increased HDL levels (p-value=0.04) than non-consumers. ED consumers were significantly at higher risk of MetS (OR=9.97, p-value=0.019) than non-consumers and chocolate consumers were at lower risk of MetS (OR=0.14, p-value=0.046) than non-consumers. Waterpipe smokers were at a higher risk of having increased plasma triglycerides than non-consumers (OR=3.4, p-value=0.03). CONCLUSION The high prevalence of ED consumption and waterpipe smoking in Palestinian refugee adolescents is problematic. Their use was associated with higher odds of MetS, dyslipidemia, and central obesity, which justifies greater attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Damiri
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Drug, and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
- Correspondence: Basma Damiri Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Drug and Toxicology Division, An-Najah National University, P.O. Box 7, Nablus, 00970, PalestineTel +972592234270 Email
| | - Omar Khatib
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Zaher Nazzal
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Family and Community Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Diala Sanduka
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Siwar Igbaria
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ammar Thabaleh
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Farhoud
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Lubna Saudi
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Family and Community Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Souad Belkebir
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Family and Community Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Rayyan Al Ali
- Medicine & Health Sciences Faculty, Forensic Medicine Institute, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mohammed Alili
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Mahmoud Hamdan
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Graduate School, Clinical Laboratory Science Program, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Omar A Safarini
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
| | - Omar Younis
- Medicine & Health Science Faculty, Department of Medicine, An-Najah National University, Nablus, 00970, Palestine
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Caridi F, Sabbatini A, Birarda G, Costanzi E, De Giudici G, Galeazzi R, Medas D, Mobbili G, Ricciutelli M, Ruello ML, Vaccari L, Negri A. Cigarette butts, a threat for marine environments: Lessons from benthic foraminifera (Protista). MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105150. [PMID: 32992223 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette butts are the most common form of litter in the world and their environmental impact is related to both persistence and potential toxic effects for chemical composition. The objective of this study was to assess the acute toxicity (LC50-48 h) of human-smoked cigarette butts leachate on 3 cultured genera of benthic foraminifera: the calcareous perforate Rosalina globularis, the calcareous imperforate Quinqueloculina spp., and the agglutinated Textularia agglutinans. The specimens were exposed to 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1 cigarette butts/L concentrations that prove to be acutely toxic to all taxa. Starting from 4 cigarette butts/L, both calcareous genera showed shell decalcification, and death of almost all the individuals, except for the more resistant agglutinated species. These results suggest the potential harmfulness of cigarette butts leachate related to pH reduction and release of toxic substances, in particular nicotine, which leads to physiology alteration and in many cases cellular death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Caridi
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Anna Sabbatini
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Birarda
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. S.S. 14 km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Elisa Costanzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Giovanni De Giudici
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, via Trentino 51, 09127, Cagliari, Italy.
| | - Roberta Galeazzi
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Daniela Medas
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato - Blocco A, S.S. 554 bivio per Sestu, 09042, Monserrato (CA), Italy.
| | - Giovanna Mobbili
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Massimo Ricciutelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032, Camerino (MC), Italy.
| | - Maria Letizia Ruello
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra - Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. S.S. 14 km 163,5 in Area Science Park, 34149, Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Negri
- Department of Life and Environmental Science, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60122, Ancona, Italy.
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Tien Nam P, Thanh Tung P, Hanh Dung N, Hoang An D, Dang The Anh B, Bich Diep Q, Bao Giang K, Huong Giang D, Thi Thu Hien N, Ngoc Hung P, Thi Thanh Huong N, Phuong Linh B, Thi Dieu Linh D, Xuan Long N, Gia Thu H, Viet Tuan D, Huu Tu N, Van Minh H. Prevalence of smoking among health science students in Vietnam in 2018 and associated factors: A cross-sectional study. Health Psychol Open 2020; 7:2055102920967244. [PMID: 33194214 PMCID: PMC7597576 DOI: 10.1177/2055102920967244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking is a global health problem among health science students. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of smoking and to examine associated factors among health science students from five universities in Vietnam. Among 5946 participants (95.0% response rate), the smoking prevalence was 19.2% (95% CI:17.4–21.0%) among male students and 2.9% (95% CI:2.4–3.5%) among female students. In the multivariable regression models, significant factors for smoking were the perceived financial burden, the respondent’s year in university, a non-self-determined motivation profile, self-reported depression and/or anxiety, the level of vigorous physical activity, and alcohol drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pham Thanh Tung
- Hanoi Medical University, Vietnam.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bui Phuong Linh
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Vietnam.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
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Razzak HA, Harbi A, Ahli S. Tobacco Smoking Prevalence, Health Risk, and Cessation in the UAE. Oman Med J 2020; 35:e165. [PMID: 32904941 PMCID: PMC7462068 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2020.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Tobacco smoking is a major public health concern and a leading cause of preventable death. We sought to review epidemiological studies available on the prevalence of tobacco use, the associated health effects, and interventions that have undergone evaluation concerning smoking cessation and prevention in the UAE. Methods An electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus databases was conducted using appropriate keywords for articles published between 2007 and 2017. We included all English-language articles in addition to research articles on the UAE populations (including both citizens and expatriates). Results Fourteen articles were included, of which 11 were cross-sectional studies, one was a cohort longitudinal study, one was quasi-experimental, and one case-control study. Our results suggest that current smoking prevalence estimates vary widely. This is the first study in the region to review the smoking prevalence, health risk, and interventions in the UAE. Conclusions UAE Government demonstrated excellent efforts by raising the cost of smoking through taxation, mounting sustained social marketing campaigns, and ensuring that health professionals routinely advise smokers to stop smoking accompanied by behavioral and pharmacological support for cessation. Hence, future research should be more focused on evaluating the outcome and impact of current anti-smoking campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Abdul Razzak
- Statistics and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, UAE
| | - Alya Harbi
- Statistics and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, UAE
| | - Shaima Ahli
- Statistics and Research Centre, Ministry of Health and Prevention, Dubai, UAE
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50
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Castellanos M, Suñer R, Fernández-Real JM, Sanchez JM. 2,5-Dimethylfuran as a Validated Biomarker of Smoking Status. Nicotine Tob Res 2020; 21:828-834. [PMID: 29697832 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure biomarkers are required in tobacco use studies to accurately assess smoking status since self-reporting usually results in misclassification estimates. This study uses breath analysis and assesses some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as potential biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure. METHODS Forced-expiratory breath samples were obtained from 377 volunteers (174 smokers and 203 nonsmokers). Exhaled breath levels of different VOCs previously related to tobacco smoke were evaluated. The toluene-to-benzene ratio was evaluated as this ratio has been found to be different in atmospheric samples and tobacco smoke emissions. Finally, breath analyses from 64 patients attending a clinical practice were evaluated and the results were compared to their self-reporting status. RESULTS Univariate analysis shows that all compounds evaluated gave significant differences (p < .001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves suggest that xylenes and toluene are not able to accurately determine smoking status, and benzene and the T/B ratio present potential utility in certain conditions. The highest discriminant capacity was obtained for 2,5-dimethylfuran (AUC = 0.982, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.969-0.995), with a cut-off value of 0.016 ppbv (sensibility = 0.965, specificity = 0.896). Drinking coffee was the only confounding parameter that can give low breath levels for this compound. The evaluation of the results obtained from the patients attending a clinical practice showed that 8% of people who claim to be nonsmokers hid their real smoking status. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained confirm that the determination of 2,5-dimethylfuran in breath samples is a good and simpler alternative to conventional blood or urine tests for assessing smoking status. IMPLICATIONS Analysis of 2,5-dimethylfuran in breath samples results in a simple and fast method for the determination of the smoking status of a person. This methodology presents multiple advantages as it is neither invasive nor embarrassing for patients attending clinical practices. Moreover, analysis of biomarkers in breath samples is simpler and faster than using conventional methods based on urine or blood analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mar Castellanos
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), A Coruña, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Rosa Suñer
- Department of Nursing, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - José M Fernández-Real
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Dr Josep Trueta University Hospital, Girona, Spain
| | - Juan M Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), A Coruña, Spain.,Department of Chemistry, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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