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Okamura T, Tsukamoto K, Arai H, Fujioka Y, Ishigaki Y, Koba S, Ohmura H, Shoji T, Yokote K, Yoshida H, Yoshida M, Deguchi J, Dobashi K, Fujiyoshi A, Hamaguchi H, Hara M, Harada-Shiba M, Hirata T, Iida M, Ikeda Y, Ishibashi S, Kanda H, Kihara S, Kitagawa K, Kodama S, Koseki M, Maezawa Y, Masuda D, Miida T, Miyamoto Y, Nishimura R, Node K, Noguchi M, Ohishi M, Saito I, Sawada S, Sone H, Takemoto M, Wakatsuki A, Yanai H. Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS) Guidelines for Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases 2022. J Atheroscler Thromb 2024; 31:641-853. [PMID: 38123343 DOI: 10.5551/jat.gl2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomonori Okamura
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine
| | | | | | - Yoshio Fujioka
- Faculty of Nutrition, Division of Clinical Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University
| | - Yasushi Ishigaki
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Iwate Medical University
| | - Shinji Koba
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine
| | - Hirotoshi Ohmura
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuo Shoji
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate school of Medicine
| | - Koutaro Yokote
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital
| | | | - Juno Deguchi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University
| | - Kazushige Dobashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Masumi Hara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mizonokuchi Hospital, Teikyo University School of Medicine
| | - Mariko Harada-Shiba
- Cardiovascular Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Department of Molecular Pathogenesis, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute
| | - Takumi Hirata
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Science, Nara Medical University
| | - Mami Iida
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Gifu Prefectural General Medical Center
| | - Yoshiyuki Ikeda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Shun Ishibashi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, School of Medicine
- Current affiliation: Ishibashi Diabetes and Endocrine Clinic
| | - Hideyuki Kanda
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University
| | - Shinji Kihara
- Medical Laboratory Science and Technology, Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University graduate School of medicine
| | - Kazuo Kitagawa
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital
| | - Satoru Kodama
- Department of Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promotion of Health Checkup, Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Koseki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshiro Maezawa
- Department of Endocrinology, Hematology and Gerontology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisaku Masuda
- Department of Cardiology, Center for Innovative Medicine and Therapeutics, Dementia Care Center, Doctor's Support Center, Health Care Center, Rinku General Medical Center
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Rimei Nishimura
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Jikei University School of Medicine
| | - Koichi Node
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saga University
| | - Midori Noguchi
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Mitsuru Ohishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Hypertension, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University
| | - Isao Saito
- Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University
| | - Shojiro Sawada
- Division of Metabolism and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Hirohito Sone
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Minoru Takemoto
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, International University of Health and Welfare
| | | | - Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital
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Li Z, Zheng D, Zhang T, Ruan S, Li N, Yu Y, Peng Y, Wang D. The roles of nuclear receptors in cholesterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0343. [PMID: 38099854 PMCID: PMC10727660 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
As the most prevalent chronic liver disease globally, NAFLD encompasses a pathological process that ranges from simple steatosis to NASH, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and HCC, closely associated with numerous extrahepatic diseases. While the initial etiology was believed to be hepatocyte injury caused by lipid toxicity from accumulated triglycerides, recent studies suggest that an imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis is of greater significance. The role of nuclear receptors in regulating liver cholesterol homeostasis has been demonstrated to be crucial. This review summarizes the roles and regulatory mechanisms of nuclear receptors in the 3 main aspects of cholesterol production, excretion, and storage in the liver, as well as their cross talk in reverse cholesterol transport. It is hoped that this review will offer new insights and theoretical foundations for the study of the pathogenesis and progression of NAFLD and provide new research directions for extrahepatic diseases associated with NAFLD.
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Agamia NF, El Mulla KF, Alsayed NM, Ghazala RM, El Maksoud REA, Abdelmeniem IM, Talaat IM, Zaki II, Sabah RM, Melnik BC. Isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of p53 in the skin and sebaceous glands of patients with acne vulgaris. Arch Dermatol Res 2023; 315:1355-1365. [PMID: 36585988 PMCID: PMC10205870 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-022-02508-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The transcriptomic regulation induced by isotretinoin (13-cis retinoic acid) is still a matter of debate as short-term exposures of immortalized sebocytes with isotretinoin produced conflicting results. Based on translational evidence, it has been hypothesized that oral isotretinoin treatment upregulates the expression of the transcription factor p53. Twenty-five patients suffering from acne vulgaris were treated with isotretinoin (0.6 mg/kg body weight) for 6 weeks. Biopsies from back skin were taken before and after isotretinoin treatment for the determination of p53 expression by immunohistochemical staining, quantification of p53 protein concentration by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and TP53 gene expression by quantitative reverse transcription real time PCR. Fifteen socio-demographically cross-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Isotretinoin treatment significantly increased the nuclear expression of p53 in sebaceous glands of treated patients compared to pre-treatment levels and p53 levels of untreated controls. Furthermore, the p53 protein and gene expression significantly increased in the skin after treatment. The magnitude of p53 expression showed an inverse correlation to acne severity score and body mass index. Under clinical conditions, isotretinoin induced the expression of p53, which controls multiple transcription factors involved in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris including FoxO1, androgen receptor and critical genes involved in the induction of autophagy and apoptosis. Increased p53-FoxO1 signalling enhanced by systemic isotretinoin treatment explains the underlying transcriptomic changes causing sebum suppression but also the adverse effects associated with systemic isotretinoin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Fathi Agamia
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - Khalid Fawzi El Mulla
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Naglaa Mohamed Alsayed
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rasha Mohamed Ghazala
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | | | - Iman Mohamed Abdelmeniem
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman Mamdouh Talaat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Inass Ibrahim Zaki
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana Mohamed Sabah
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Bodo Clemens Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, 49076, Osnabrück, Germany
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Géhin C, Tokarska J, Fowler SJ, Barran PE, Trivedi DK. No skin off your back: the sampling and extraction of sebum for metabolomics. Metabolomics 2023; 19:21. [PMID: 36964290 PMCID: PMC10038389 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01982-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sebum-based metabolomics (a subset of "sebomics") is a developing field that involves the sampling, identification, and quantification of metabolites found in human sebum. Sebum is a lipid-rich oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands onto the skin surface for skin homeostasis, lubrication, thermoregulation, and environmental protection. Interest in sebomics has grown over the last decade due to its potential for rapid analysis following non-invasive sampling for a range of clinical and environmental applications. OBJECTIVES To provide an overview of various sebum sampling techniques with their associated challenges. To evaluate applications of sebum for clinical research, drug monitoring, and human biomonitoring. To provide a commentary of the opportunities of using sebum as a diagnostic biofluid in the future. METHODS Bibliometric analyses of selected keywords regarding skin surface analysis using the Scopus search engine from 1960 to 2022 was performed on 12th January 2023. The published literature was compartmentalised based on what the work contributed to in the following areas: the understanding about sebum, its composition, the analytical technologies used, or the purpose of use of sebum. The findings were summarised in this review. RESULTS Historically, about 15 methods of sampling have been used for sebum collection. The sample preparation approaches vary depending on the analytes of interest and are summarised. The use of sebum is not limited to just skin diseases or drug monitoring but also demonstrated for other systemic disease. Most of the work carried out for untargeted analysis of metabolites associated with sebum has been in the recent two decades. CONCLUSION Sebum has a huge potential beyond skin research and understanding how one's physiological state affects or reflects on the skin metabolome via the sebaceous glands itself or by interactions with sebaceous secretion, will open doors for simpler biomonitoring. Sebum acts as a sink to environmental metabolites and has applications awaiting to be explored, such as biosecurity, cross-border migration, localised exposure to harmful substances, and high-throughput population screening. These applications will be possible with rapid advances in volatile headspace and lipidomics method development as well as the ability of the metabolomics community to annotate unknown species better. A key issue with skin surface analysis that remains unsolved is attributing the source of the metabolites found on the skin surface before meaningful biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Géhin
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - J Tokarska
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - S J Fowler
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P E Barran
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - D K Trivedi
- School of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Thompson D, Mahmood S, Morrice N, Kamli-Salino S, Dekeryte R, Hoffmann PA, Doherty MK, Whitfield PD, Delibegović M, Mody N. Fenretinide inhibits obesity and fatty liver disease but induces Smpd3 to increase serum ceramides and worsen atherosclerosis in LDLR -/- mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:3937. [PMID: 36894641 PMCID: PMC9998859 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30759-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Fenretinide is a synthetic retinoid that can prevent obesity and improve insulin sensitivity in mice by directly altering retinol/retinoic acid homeostasis and inhibiting excess ceramide biosynthesis. We determined the effects of Fenretinide on LDLR-/- mice fed high-fat/high-cholesterol diet ± Fenretinide, a model of atherosclerosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Fenretinide prevented obesity, improved insulin sensitivity and completely inhibited hepatic triglyceride accumulation, ballooning and steatosis. Moreover, Fenretinide decreased the expression of hepatic genes driving NAFLD, inflammation and fibrosis e.g. Hsd17b13, Cd68 and Col1a1. The mechanisms of Fenretinide's beneficial effects in association with decreased adiposity were mediated by inhibition of ceramide synthesis, via hepatic DES1 protein, leading to increased dihydroceramide precursors. However, Fenretinide treatment in LDLR-/- mice enhanced circulating triglycerides and worsened aortic plaque formation. Interestingly, Fenretinide led to a fourfold increase in hepatic sphingomyelinase Smpd3 expression, via a retinoic acid-mediated mechanism and a further increase in circulating ceramide levels, linking induction of ceramide generation via sphingomyelin hydrolysis to a novel mechanism of increased atherosclerosis. Thus, despite beneficial metabolic effects, Fenretinide treatment may under certain circumstances enhance the development of atherosclerosis. However, targeting both DES1 and Smpd3 may be a novel, more potent therapeutic approach for the treatment of metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Thompson
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
| | - Shehroz Mahmood
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Nicola Morrice
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Sarah Kamli-Salino
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Ruta Dekeryte
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Philip A Hoffmann
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Mary K Doherty
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
| | - Philip D Whitfield
- Lipidomics Research Facility, Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, IV2 3JH, UK
- Glasgow Polyomics, University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Mirela Delibegović
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Nimesh Mody
- Aberdeen Cardiovascular and Diabetes Centre, Institute of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK.
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Critical Role of Cathepsin L/V in Regulating Endothelial Cell Senescence. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010042. [PMID: 36671735 PMCID: PMC9855167 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The senescence of vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is characterized as a hallmark of vascular aging, which leads to the initiation, progress, and advancement of cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism of the ECs senescence remains elusive. In this study, thoracic aortas were separated from young (8-week-old) and aged (18-month-old) mice. Decreased Ctsl expression and increased vascular remodeling were observed in senescent aorta. H2O2 was used to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) senescence, as shown by increased SA-β-gal positive cells and upregulated p21 level. CTSV significantly decreased after H2O2 treatment, while over-expression of CTSV by adenovirus reduced cellular senescence. RNA sequencing analysis was conducted subsequently, and ALDH1A2 was observed to significantly increased in H2O2 group and decreased after over-expression of CTSV. This result was further confirmed by RT-PCR and WB. Moreover, over-expression of CTSV reduced the increase of ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation induced by H2O2. Additionally, retinoic acid (RA), the major production of ALDH1A2, was added to CTSV over-expressed senescent HUVECs. Administration of RA activated AKT and ERK1/2, induced the expression of p21, and enhanced SA-β-gal positive cells, while not affecting the expression of CTSV and ALDH1A2. These results were further confirmed in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced senescent ECs. In conclude, we have identified that Ctsl/CTSV plays a key role in ECs senescence by regulating ALDH1A2 to activate AKT/ ERK1/2-P21 pathway. Therefore, targeting Ctsl/CTSV may be a potential therapeutic strategy in EC senescence.
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Foguet C, Xu Y, Ritchie SC, Lambert SA, Persyn E, Nath AP, Davenport EE, Roberts DJ, Paul DS, Di Angelantonio E, Danesh J, Butterworth AS, Yau C, Inouye M. Genetically personalised organ-specific metabolic models in health and disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7356. [PMID: 36446790 PMCID: PMC9708841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding how genetic variants influence disease risk and complex traits (variant-to-function) is one of the major challenges in human genetics. Here we present a model-driven framework to leverage human genome-scale metabolic networks to define how genetic variants affect biochemical reaction fluxes across major human tissues, including skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, brain and heart. As proof of concept, we build personalised organ-specific metabolic flux models for 524,615 individuals of the INTERVAL and UK Biobank cohorts and perform a fluxome-wide association study (FWAS) to identify 4312 associations between personalised flux values and the concentration of metabolites in blood. Furthermore, we apply FWAS to identify 92 metabolic fluxes associated with the risk of developing coronary artery disease, many of which are linked to processes previously described to play in role in the disease. Our work demonstrates that genetically personalised metabolic models can elucidate the downstream effects of genetic variants on biochemical reactions involved in common human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carles Foguet
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Yu Xu
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Scott C Ritchie
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Samuel A Lambert
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elodie Persyn
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Artika P Nath
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - David J Roberts
- BRC Haematology Theme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, and NHSBT-Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Dirk S Paul
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Health Data Science Centre, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy
| | - John Danesh
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health and Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher Yau
- Nuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London, NW1 2BE, UK
| | - Michael Inouye
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Health Data Research UK Cambridge, Wellcome Genome Campus and University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Cambridge Baker Systems Genomics Initiative, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
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Bungau SG, Tit DM, Vesa CM, Abid A, Szilagyi DV, Radu AF, Bungau AF, Tarce AG, Behl T, Stoicescu M, Brisc CM, Gitea D, Nechifor AC, Endres L. Non-conventional therapeutical approaches to acne vulgaris related to its association with metabolic disorders. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 923:174936. [PMID: 35378101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is still a major challenge of the public health care system, worldwide. In recent years, researchers have been drawn to the uncommon (at first look) link between skin illnesses and MetS. Because of the pro-inflammatory mechanisms and insulin resistance (IR) that are upregulated in metabolic syndrome, many skin disorders are correlated to metabolic dysfunctions, including acne vulgaris. A comprehensive understanding of the link between MetS and acne vulgaris may contribute to the development of new treatment strategies. The current review focuses on dietary and therapeutic interventions and assesses the effect of various approaches such as improving diet by avoiding certain food products (i.e., milk and chocolate) or increasing the intake of others (i.e., food products rich in omega-3 fatty acids), metformin administration, therapy with plant extracts, plant essential oils, and probiotic supplementation on the improvement of certain acne vulgaris severity parameters. These therapeutic approaches, when combined with allopathic treatment, can improve the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Delia Mirela Tit
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania; Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cosmin Mihai Vesa
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Areha Abid
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
| | - Denisa-Viola Szilagyi
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Andrei-Flavius Radu
- Doctoral School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Alexa Florina Bungau
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | | | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India.
| | - Manuela Stoicescu
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Cristina Mihaela Brisc
- Department of Medical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Daniela Gitea
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Aurelia Cristina Nechifor
- Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Engineering Department, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 011061, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Laura Endres
- Department of Psycho-neurosciences and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073, Oradea, Romania.
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Wang T, Tang X, Hu X, Wang J, Chen G. Reduction in the Dietary VA Status Prevents Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040528. [PMID: 35454117 PMCID: PMC9032907 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that the vitamin A (VA) status regulates type 2 diabetes (T2D) development in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats. Zucker Lean and ZDF rats at weaning were fed a VA deficient with basal fat (VAD-BF, no VA and 22.1% fat energy), VA marginal with BF (VAM-BF, 0.35 mg retinyl palmitate (RP)/kg), VA sufficient with BF (VAS-BF, 4.0 mg RP/kg), VAD with high fat (VAD-HF, 60% fat energy), VAM-HF or VAS-HF diet for 8 weeks, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at week 7.5. The hepatic mRNA and proteins levels were determined using real-time PCR and Western blot, respectively. The VAD-BF/HF and VAM-BF/HF diets prevented peripheral hyperglycemia and attenuated obesity in ZDF rats, which occurred in the presence of the VAS-BF/HF diets. This lowered VA status reduced venous blood hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia, and improved OGTT and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance results in ZDF rats. The expression levels of key hepatic genes for glucose and fat metabolism were regulated by VA status and dietary fat contents. An interaction between VA and HF condition was also observed. We conclude that the reduction in the dietary VA status in both BF and HF conditions prevents T2D and obesity in ZDF rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiannan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (T.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Xia Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071001, China;
| | - Xinge Hu
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (T.W.); (X.H.)
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; (T.W.); (X.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+1-865-974-6257
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10
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Yu L, Wang Y, Yu D, Zhang S, Zheng F, Ding N, Zhu L, Zhu Q, Sun W, Li S, Zhang G, Chen L, Liu Y, Yang L, Feng J. Association between Serum Vitamin A, Blood Lipid Level and Dyslipidemia among Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14071444. [PMID: 35406055 PMCID: PMC9002720 DOI: 10.3390/nu14071444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: To study the relationship between serum vitamin A (VA) level and blood lipid profiles in children and adolescents aged 6−18 years, as well as the effect of VA on dyslipidemia. Methods: The project adopted a multistage stratified cluster sampling method. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) was used to obtain dietary factors data. Blood samples of subjects were taken via venipuncture. Generalized linear models were used to explore the correlation be-tween VA and biochemical indicators, as well as stratified and inter-actions analysis to explore the influence of confounders on these relationships. Generalized linear models were constructed to explore the association between VA and blood lipids. Restricted cubic splines were used to characterize dose−response associations between serum VA and dyslipidemia based on logistic regression. Results: Serum VA was positively correlated with TC, TG and HDL-C (p < 0.05), but these associations were influenced by age (p < 0.05). The adjusted odds ratio (OR) values of VA for hypercho lesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, mixed hyperlipidemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia were 3.283, 3.239, 5.219 and 0.346, respectively (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, significant age interactions affected the relationship between VA and TC, as well as TG and LDL-C (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Serum VA was positively correlated with blood lipids, but these associations were influenced by age. VA was a risk factor for dyslipidemias, such as hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia, but was a protective factor for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan 250014, China;
| | - Dongmei Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China;
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Fengjia Zheng
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Lichao Zhu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China;
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Wenkui Sun
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Suyun Li
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Gaohui Zhang
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Liangxia Chen
- Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250014, China; (L.Y.); (F.Z.); (W.S.); (S.L.); (G.Z.); (L.C.)
| | - Yiya Liu
- Guizhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guiyang 550001, China;
| | - Li Yang
- Jinan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan 250021, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-18615422180 (L.Y.); +86-0531-82166927 (J.F.)
| | - Jian Feng
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Correspondence: (L.Y.); (J.F.); Tel.: +86-18615422180 (L.Y.); +86-0531-82166927 (J.F.)
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11
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Chen G. The Interactions of Insulin and Vitamin A Signaling Systems for the Regulation of Hepatic Glucose and Lipid Metabolism. Cells 2021; 10:2160. [PMID: 34440929 PMCID: PMC8393264 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes have become a concern of public health. Nutrition plays a key role in these concerns. Insulin as an anabolic hormonal was discovered exactly 100 years ago due to its activity in controlling blood glucose level. Vitamin A (VA), a lipophilic micronutrient, has been shown to regulate glucose and fat metabolism. VA's physiological roles are mainly mediated by its metabolite, retinoic acid (RA), which activates retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), which are two transcription factors. The VA status and activations of RARs and RXRs by RA and synthetic agonists have shown to affect the glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models. Both insulin and RA signaling systems regulate the expression levels of genes involved in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Interactions of insulin and RA signaling systems have been observed. This review is aimed at summarizing the history of diabetes, insulin and VA signaling systems; the effects of VA status and activation of RARs and RXRs on metabolism and RAR and RXR phosphorylation; and possible interactions of insulin and RA in the regulation of hepatic genes for glucose and lipid metabolism. In addition, some future research perspectives for understanding of nutrient and hormone interactions are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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12
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Gonzalez-Soto M, Mutch DM. Diet Regulation of Long-Chain PUFA Synthesis: Role of Macronutrients, Micronutrients, and Polyphenols on Δ-5/Δ-6 Desaturases and Elongases 2/5. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:980-994. [PMID: 33186986 PMCID: PMC8166571 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiencies in the n-3 (ω-3) long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) EPA and DHA are associated with increased risk for the development of numerous diseases. Although n-3 LC-PUFAs can be obtained by consuming marine products, they are also synthesized endogenously through a biochemical pathway regulated by the Δ-5/Δ-6 desaturase and elongase 2/5 enzymes. This narrative review collates evidence from the past 40 y demonstrating that mRNA expression and activity of desaturase and elongase enzymes are influenced by numerous dietary components, including macronutrients, micronutrients, and polyphenols. Specifically, we highlight that both the quantity and the composition of dietary fats, carbohydrates, and proteins can differentially regulate desaturase pathway activity. Furthermore, desaturase and elongase mRNA levels and enzyme activities are also influenced by micronutrients (folate, vitamin B-12, vitamin A), trace minerals (iron, zinc), and polyphenols (resveratrol, isoflavones). Understanding how these various dietary components influence LC-PUFA synthesis will help further advance our understanding of how dietary patterns, ranging from caloric excesses to micronutrient deficiencies, influence disease risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Gonzalez-Soto
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
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13
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Nitani C, Hara J, Kawamoto H, Taguchi T, Kimura T, Yoshimura K, Hamada A, Kitano S, Hattori N, Ushijima T, Ono H, Nakamoto M, Higuchi T, Sato A. Phase I study of tamibarotene monotherapy in pediatric and young adult patients with recurrent/refractory solid tumors. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2021; 88:99-107. [PMID: 33829292 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-021-04271-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tamibarotene is a synthetic retinoid that inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation of malignant cells by binding to the retinoic acid receptor α/β. Previous in vitro studies have shown that some pediatric solid tumors with retinoic acid receptors differentiate in response to retinoic acid. We conducted a phase I dose-escalation study to determine the recommended dose of tamibarotene for further study in pediatric and young adult patients with recurrent/refractory solid tumors. METHODS Pediatric and young adult patients with recurrent/refractory solid tumors were administered tamibarotene at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 mg/m2/day for 14 or 21 days of a 28 day cycle. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of tamibarotene were evaluated. RESULTS Twenty-two patients (median age 8 years) were enrolled in this study. No dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was encountered, and tamibarotene was generally well tolerated. Two patients experienced severe adverse events (AEs), leading to discontinuation of the treatment. One grade 4 venous thrombosis and one grade 2 erythema multiforme were observed, which promptly resolved after tamibarotene discontinuance. The grade 4 venous thrombosis was a severe AE but not DLT because it occurred after the evaluation period. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed a dose-dependent increase in the maximum drug concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). None of the patients achieved a complete response or partial response. Seven patients had stable disease lasting longer than 18 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The recommended dose for phase II study of tamibarotene in pediatric and young adult patients with refractory solid tumors is 12 mg/m2/day for 21 days in a 28 day cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Nitani
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan.
| | - Junichi Hara
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, 2-13-22 Miyakojima-hondori, Miyakojima-ku, Osaka, 534-0021, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawamoto
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Taguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshimi Kimura
- Department of Pharmacy, Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yoshimura
- Center for Integrated Medical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigehisa Kitano
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Hattori
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ono
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masako Nakamoto
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tsukiko Higuchi
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sato
- Clinical Research Support Office, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan
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14
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Ghanshani S, Chen C, Lin B, Zhou H, Lee MS. Isotretinoin and Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Adults with Acne: A Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study. Am J Clin Dermatol 2021; 22:267-274. [PMID: 33180242 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-020-00568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Case reports have suggested isotretinoin exposure may be associated with adverse cardiac events. There are limited data where the cardiovascular safety of isotretinoin is systematically evaluated. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the strength of association between isotretinoin exposure and adverse cardiovascular events. METHODS This was a population-based retrospective cohort study within an integrated healthcare delivery system. Adults ≥ 18 years of age with acne between 2009 and 2018 were included. Exposure to isotretinoin was identified using pharmacy records, and propensity score 1:1 matching was performed. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular outcomes, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and all-cause death. RESULTS The cohort consisted of 12,140 adults (10.5%) exposed to isotretinoin and 103,126 adults who were never exposed. Mean follow-up was 7.1 ± 2.9 years. After propensity score 1:1 matching, 23,844 patients were included. The rates of the composite cardiovascular outcomes were 0.47 versus 0.48 per 1000 person-years in the isotretinoin and non-exposed groups, respectively. No significant association was observed between isotretinoin treatment and the composite cardiovascular outcomes (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-1.58), all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 1.10, 95% CI 0.62-1.95), acute myocardial infarction (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI 0.33-3.09), congestive heart failure (adjusted HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.14-1.40), or atrial fibrillation (adjusted HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.12-1.65). CONCLUSIONS Among adult patients with acne, no association was found between exposure to isotretinoin and an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Physicians should not be discouraged from prescribing isotretinoin out of concern for cardiovascular effects.
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15
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Yanai H, Yoshida H. Secondary dyslipidemia: its treatments and association with atherosclerosis. Glob Health Med 2021; 3:15-23. [PMID: 33688591 PMCID: PMC7936375 DOI: 10.35772/ghm.2020.01078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is classified into primary and secondary types. Primary dyslipidemia is basically inherited and caused by single or multiple gene mutations that result in either overproduction or defective clearance of triglycerides and cholesterol. Secondary dyslipidemia is caused by unhealthy lifestyle factors and acquired medical conditions, including underlying diseases and applied drugs. Secondary dyslipidemia accounts for approximately 30-40% of all dyslipidemia. Secondary dyslipidemia should be treated by finding and addressing its causative diseases or drugs. For example, treatment of secondary dyslipidemia, such as hyperlipidemia due to hypothyroidism, by using statin without controlling hypothyroidism, may lead to myopathy and serious adverse events such as rhabdomyolysis. Differential diagnosis of secondary dyslipidemia is very important for safe and effective treatment. Here, we describe an overview about diseases and drugs that interfere with lipid metabolism leading to secondary dyslipidemia. Further, we show the association of each secondary dyslipidemia with atherosclerosis and the treatments for such dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekatsu Yanai
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, Chiba, Japan
- Address correspondence to:Hidekatsu Yanai, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Kohnodai Hospital, 1-7-1 Kohnodai, Ichikawa, Chiba 272- 8516, Japan. E-mail:
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Ledentsova SS, Gulyaev NI, Sitkin SI, Seliverstov PV. Acne as a common extraintestinal manifestation of celiac disease. Treatment approaches. MEDITSINSKIY SOVET = MEDICAL COUNCIL 2021:126-135. [DOI: 10.21518/2079-701x-2020-21-126-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. At present, global prevalence of celiac disease attracts increasingly greater attention of researchers. The study of its extraintestinal manifestations is a crucial task for early and timely diagnosis of the disease, as well as the identification of new risk groups. To date, there are only isolated publications concerning the study of celiac disease incidence in patients with acne. This topic is of particular interest since systemic retinoids with a hepatotoxic effect and antibiotics significantly affecting the intestinal microflora are the first-line drugs in the treatment of moderate and severe acne. Undoubtedly, these side effects influence on the course of acne in celiac patients. So, to prevent the complications of the treatment, it is necessary to search, develop and introduce into practice safe combinations, including drugs having a protective effect both for the intestinal microflora and for the liver. It is known that psyllium (Plantago ovata seed shells/Ispaghula husks) have similar effects.Objective. To study the effect of psyllium on the tolerability and effectiveness of systemic therapy with isotretinoin and doxycycline in patients with moderate acne with celiac disease. Material and methods. We examined 65 patients with celiac disease suffering from moderate acne, who were randomized into two groups – group 1 (taking an antibiotic – doxycycline) and group 2 (taking a systemic retinoid – isotretinoin), then each group was divided into two subgroups A and B, depending on the prebiotic intake (powder of oval plantain seeds shells Plantago ovata Forssk (psyllium). The patients were followed up for 8 and 24 weeks, respectively. All patients received adjuvant topical therapy. In each group, a medical check-up was done before treatment, 2 months after the onset and then after the treatment completion.Conclusion. Patients in both subgroups who received psyllium in addition to antibiotics and systemic retinoids treatment showed better results after treatment in terms of skin condition, overall health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. S. Ledentsova
- City Polyclinic No. 76;
St Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University
| | - N. I. Gulyaev
- Third Central Military Clinical Hospital named after A.A. Vishnevsky
| | - S. I. Sitkin
- North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov;
Almazov National Medical Research Centre
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17
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Olsen T, Blomhoff R. Retinol, Retinoic Acid, and Retinol-Binding Protein 4 are Differentially Associated with Cardiovascular Disease, Type 2 Diabetes, and Obesity: An Overview of Human Studies. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:644-666. [PMID: 31868199 PMCID: PMC7231588 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmz131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble essential nutrient obtained from plant- and animal-based sources that has roles in growth, vision, and metabolism. Vitamin A circulates mainly as retinol bound to retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), and is delivered to tissues and converted to retinoic acid, which is a ligand for several nuclear receptors. In recent years, aspects of vitamin A metabolism have been under scrutiny with regards to the development of metabolic and lifestyle diseases including cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and overweight and obesity in humans. Studies have mainly focused on RBP4 in this context, whereas the major circulating form, retinol, and the major bioactive form, retinoic acid, have been overlooked in this regard until recently. As one of the main roles of RBP4 is to deliver retinol to tissues for biological action, the associations of retinol and retinoic acid with these diseases must also be considered. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent and available evidence from human studies with focus on retinol, retinoic acid, and RBP4 and provide an overview of these crucial components of vitamin A metabolism in CVD, T2DM, and obesity. In summary, retinol was found to be both inversely and positively associated with CVD whereas the associations with T2DM and obesity were less clear. Although only a few studies have been published on retinoic acid, it was inversely associated with CVD. In contrast, serum RBP4 was mostly found to be positively associated with CVD, T2DM, and obesity. At present, it is difficult to ascertain why the reported associations differ depending on the compound under study, but there is a clear imbalance in the literature in disfavor of retinol and retinoic acid, which needs to be considered in future human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Olsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Address correspondence to TO (e-mail: )
| | - Rune Blomhoff
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Clinical Service, Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Karapınar T, Polat M, Buğdaycı G. Evaluation of subclinical atherosclerosis in Turkish patients with acne vulgaris receiving systemic isotretinoin. Dermatol Ther 2020; 33:e13307. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.13307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tekden Karapınar
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
| | - Mualla Polat
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Faculty of Medicine Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
| | - Güler Buğdaycı
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University Bolu Turkey
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19
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Goldberg RB, Chait A. A Comprehensive Update on the Chylomicronemia Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:593931. [PMID: 33193106 PMCID: PMC7644836 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.593931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The chylomicronemia syndrome is characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia and fasting chylomicronemia and predisposes affected individuals to acute pancreatitis. When due to very rare monogenic mutations in the genes encoding the enzyme, lipoprotein lipase, or its regulators, APOC2, APOA5, GPIHBP1, and LMF1, it is referred to as the familial chylomicronemia syndrome. Much more frequently, the chylomicronemia syndrome results from a cluster of minor genetic variants causing polygenic hypertriglyceridemia, which is exacerbated by conditions or medications which increase triglyceride levels beyond the saturation point of triglyceride removal systems. This situation is termed the multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome. These aggravating factors include common conditions such as uncontrolled diabetes, overweight and obesity, alcohol excess, chronic kidney disease and pregnancy and several medications, including diuretics, non-selective beta blockers, estrogenic compounds, corticosteroids, protease inhibitors, immunosuppressives, antipsychotics, antidepressants, retinoids, L-asparaginase, and propofol. A third uncommon cause of the chylomicronemia syndrome is familial forms of partial lipodystrophy. Development of pancreatitis is the most feared complication of the chylomicronemia syndrome, but the risk of cardiovascular disease as well as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is also increased. Treatment consists of dietary fat restriction and weight reduction combined with the use of triglyceride lowering medications such as fibrates, omega 3 fatty acids and niacin. Effective management of aggravating factors such as improving diabetes control, discontinuing alcohol and replacing or reducing the dose of medications that raise triglyceride levels is essential. Importantly, many if not most cases of the chylomicronemia syndrome can be prevented by effective identification of polygenic hypertriglyceridemia in people with conditions that increase its likelihood or before starting medications that may increase triglyceride levels. Several new pharmacotherapeutic agents are being tested that are likely to considerably improve treatment of hypertriglyceridemia in people at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald B. Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Ronald B. Goldberg,
| | - Alan Chait
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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20
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Won KJ, Park JS, Jeong H. Repression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha by AP-1 underlies dyslipidemia associated with retinoic acid. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:794-804. [PMID: 30709899 PMCID: PMC6446710 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m088880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (atRA) is used to treat certain cancers and dermatologic diseases. A common adverse effect of atRA is hypercholesterolemia; cytochrome P450 (CYP) 7A repression is suggested as a driver. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated CYP7A1 expression in the presence of atRA in human hepatocytes and hepatic cell lines. In HepaRG cells, atRA increased cholesterol levels dose-dependently alongside dramatic decreases in CYP7A1 expression. Lentiviral-mediated CYP7A1 overexpression reversed atRA-induced cholesterol accumulation, suggesting that CYP7A1 repression mediated cholesterol accumulation. In CYP7A1 promoter reporter assays and gene-knockdown studies, altered binding of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α) to the proximal promoter was essential for atRA-mediated CYP7A1 repression. Pharmacologic inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and ERK pathways attenuated atRA-mediated CYP7A1 repression and cholesterol accumulation. Overexpression of AP-1 (c-Jun/c-Fos), a downstream target of JNK and ERK, repressed CYP7A1 expression. In DNA pull-down and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, AP-1 exhibited sequence-specific binding to the proximal CYP7A1 promoter region overlapping the HNF4α binding site, and atRA increased AP-1 but decreased HNF4α recruitment to the promoter. Collectively, these results indicate that atRA activates JNK and ERK pathways and the downstream target AP-1 represses HNF4α transactivation of the CYP7A1 promoter, potentially responsible for hypercholesterolemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Jae Won
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Joo-Seop Park
- Divisions of Pediatric Urology Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH; Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Hyunyoung Jeong
- Departments of Pharmacy Practice College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Biopharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to investigate the cases of drug-induced acute pancreatitis (DIAP) with hypertriglyceridemia as the mechanism of injury. METHODS A MEDLINE search (1963-2018) of the English language literature was performed looking for all human case reports of adults (>18 years old) with hypertriglyceridemia as the mechanism of DIAP. The latest search date was February 28, 2018. Drugs were classified into probability groups based on a classification used by Badalov et al (Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007;5:648-661). RESULTS The search revealed a total of 76 cases in 59 published reports. A total of 25 medications were found to be implicated in DIAP secondary to hypertriglyceridemia mechanism. Most of acute pancreatitis cases were mild or moderately severe with favorable outcomes. In 3 cases involving tamoxifen, pagaspargase, and quetiapine, patient death was the outcome. Plasmapheresis was only used in 9 cases in an effort to decrease triglyceride levels. CONCLUSIONS Hypertriglyceridemia-associated DIAP is a rare phenomenon, and the current systematic review provides a summary of drugs that have been implicated in this phenomenon, which allow physicians to be oriented about this adverse effect when these drugs are used.
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Xu J, Zhang M, Zhang X, Yang H, Sun B, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang S, Liu X, Liu L. Contribution of Hepatic Retinaldehyde Dehydrogenase Induction to Impairment of Glucose Metabolism by High-Fat-Diet Feeding in C57BL/6J Mice. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2018; 123:539-548. [PMID: 29753302 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with overexpression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (RALDH1). We aimed to investigate the roles of hepatic RALDH1 induction in glucose metabolism impairment using mice fed with high-fat-diet (HFD). Mice were fed with HFD for 8 weeks and treated with RALDH inhibitor citral for another 4 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), pyruvate tolerance test (PTT) and insulin tolerance test were performed. Expressions of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (PCK1), glucokinase (GCK) and RALDH1 were measured. Therapeutic effects of citral were also documented in diabetic rats. Effects of retinaldehyde on PCK1 and GCK expressions were examined in rat primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. The results showed that HFD mice were characterized by hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, accompanied by significantly increased RALDH1 activity and expression. Citral (10 and 50 mg/kg) ameliorated HFD-induced hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance, as demonstrated by the improved fasting glucose, insulin levels and lipid profiles. OGTT and PTT demonstrated that citral reversed HFD-induced glucose disposal impairment and glucose production enhancement. Citral also reversed the increased PCK1 expression and decreased GCK expression by HFD. Citral therapeutic effects were reconfirmed in diabetic rats. In vitro data indicated that retinaldehyde had the strongest PCK1 induction in primary hepatocytes of diabetic rats compared with HFD rats and control rats, in line with the increased RALDH1 expression. Citral reversed the retinaldehyde-induced PCK1 expression in primary rat hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, RALDH1 induction impaired glucose metabolism partly via modulating PCK1 and GCK expressions. Citral improved glucose metabolism through inhibiting RALDH activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mian Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Binbin Sun
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaqian Zhou
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Tan AU, Schlosser BJ, Paller AS. A review of diagnosis and treatment of acne in adult female patients. Int J Womens Dermatol 2017; 4:56-71. [PMID: 29872679 PMCID: PMC5986265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on the treatment options for adult female patients with acne. Acne in adult female patients may start during adolescence and persist or have an onset in adulthood. Acne has various psychosocial effects that impact patients’ quality of life. Treatment of acne in adult women specifically has its challenges due to the considerations of patient preferences, pregnancy, and lactation. Treatments vary widely and treatment should be tailored specifically for each individual woman. We review conventional therapies with high levels of evidence, additional treatments with support from cohort studies and case reports, complementary and/or alternative therapies, and new agents under development for the treatment of patients with acne.
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Tan
- Northwestern University, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL
| | - B J Schlosser
- Northwestern University, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL
| | - A S Paller
- Northwestern University, Department of Dermatology, Chicago, IL
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24
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Alterations in vitamin A/retinoic acid homeostasis in diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. Proc Nutr Soc 2017; 76:597-602. [PMID: 28651670 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117001069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient for life and the phytochemical β-carotene, also known as pro-vitamin A, is an important dietary source of this vitamin. Vitamin A (retinol) is the parent compound of all bioactive retinoids but it is retinoic acid (RA) that is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The plasma concentration of retinol is maintained in a narrow range and its normal biological activities strictly regulated since excessive intake can lead to toxicity and thus also be detrimental to life. The present review will give an overview of how vitamin A homeostasis is maintained and move on to focus on the link between circulating vitamin A and metabolic disease states. Finally, we will examine how pharmacological or genetic alterations in vitamin A homeostasis and RA-signalling can influence body fat and blood glucose levels including a novel link to the liver secreted hormone fibroblast growth factor 21, an important metabolic regulator.
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25
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Willoughby JS, Rosenthal D. Monitoring Isotretinoin Therapy in Acne: Rational Use of Laboratory Tests. J Cutan Med Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/120347549700200203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several recent long-term follow-up studies confirm the relative safety of isotretinoin in acne. Yet, conscientious dermatologists may order more laboratory tests than is strictly necessary. Objective: Our goals were to determine which laboratory tests used in monitoring isotretinoin therapy predict significant abnormalities, when such abnormalities are likely to occur, and to establish guidelines for practitioners in ordering these tests. Methods: In the Hamilton, Ontario region, 27 dermatologists were surveyed to determine the tests and their frequency requested by practicing dermatologists. We also critically reviewed the literature to establish the frequency and magnitude of laboratory tests in acne patients on isotretinoin and assessed the rationale and cost-effectiveness of the suggested tests. Results: Seventeen dermatologists (63%) responded. A wide range of tests were ordered at variable intervals. The literature review suggests that adverse laboratory events are uncommon and that many are clinically insignificant. Conclusion: Dermatologists may be requesting more laboratory tests for monitoring isotretinoin therapy than are warranted or cost-effective. We propose a rational laboratory program for monitoring patients on isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne S. Willoughby
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Chedoke McMaster Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donald Rosenthal
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Chedoke McMaster Hospital, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Bauer LB, Ornelas JN, Elston DM, Alikhan A. Isotretinoin: controversies, facts, and recommendations. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2016; 9:1435-1442. [DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2016.1213629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dirk M. Elston
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Ali Alikhan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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27
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Bugdayci G, Polat M, Oguzman H, Cinpolat HY. Interpretation of Biochemical Tests Using the Reference Change Value in Monitoring Adverse Effects of Oral Isotretinoin in 102 Ethnic Turkish Patients. Lab Med 2016; 47:213-9. [PMID: 27346869 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmw024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to model the use of reference change values (RCVs) for the follow-up of 4 parameters of patients using oral isotretinoin which is gaining widespread popularity for monitoring the side effects of the treatment. METHOD 102 patients received 30 mg/day oral isotretinoin for 24 weeks for the diagnosis of acne vulgaris. RESULTS Repetitive measurements of the patients were interpreted with RCVs, after comparing the first and second doses based on RCVs: TC, TG, AST and ALT results increased in 12%, 20%, 14% and 12% of the patients respectively. When the first dose was compared with the last dose, the increases were 20%, 29%, 22% and 18% respectively interpreted as significant changes based on laboratory medicine. CONCLUSIONS A more sensitive follow-up is possible in the monitorization of adverse effects by using RCVs method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mualla Polat
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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28
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Cryptochrome 1 functions as nuclear co-receptor independence of circadian clock. Genes Genomics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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29
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Tripathy S, Chapman JD, Han CY, Hogarth CA, Arnold SLM, Onken J, Kent T, Goodlett DR, Isoherranen N. All-Trans-Retinoic Acid Enhances Mitochondrial Function in Models of Human Liver. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 89:560-74. [PMID: 26921399 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.103697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (atRA) is the active metabolite of vitamin A. The liver is the main storage organ of vitamin A, but activation of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) in mouse liver and in human liver cell lines has also been shown. AlthoughatRA treatment improves mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle in rodents, its role in modulating mitochondrial function in the liver is controversial, and little data are available regarding the human liver. The aim of this study was to determine whetheratRA regulates hepatic mitochondrial activity.atRA treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression of multiple components of mitochondrialβ-oxidation, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and respiratory chain. Additionally,atRA increased mitochondrial biogenesis in human hepatocytes and in HepG2 cells with and without lipid loading based on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma coactivator 1αand 1βand nuclear respiratory factor 1 mRNA and mitochondrial DNA quantification.atRA also increasedβ-oxidation and ATP production in HepG2 cells and in human hepatocytes. Knockdown studies of RARα, RARβ, and PPARδrevealed that the enhancement of mitochondrial biogenesis andβ-oxidation byatRA requires peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta. In vivo in mice,atRA treatment increased mitochondrial biogenesis markers after an overnight fast. Inhibition ofatRA metabolism by talarozole, a cytochrome P450 (CYP) 26 specific inhibitor, increased the effects ofatRA on mitochondrial biogenesis markers in HepG2 cells and in vivo in mice. These studies show thatatRA regulates mitochondrial function and lipid metabolism and that increasingatRA concentrations in human liver via CYP26 inhibition may increase mitochondrial biogenesis and fatty acidβ-oxidation and provide therapeutic benefit in diseases associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasmita Tripathy
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - John D Chapman
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Chang Y Han
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Cathryn A Hogarth
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Samuel L M Arnold
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Jennifer Onken
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Travis Kent
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - David R Goodlett
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
| | - Nina Isoherranen
- Departments of Pharmaceutics (S.T., S.L.M.A., N.I.), Medicinal Chemistry (J.D.C., D.R.G.), and Diabetes Obesity Center for Excellence and the Department of Medicine, Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition (C.Y.H.), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; School of Molecular Biosciences and The Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington (C.A.H., J.O., T.K.); and School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland (D.R.G.)
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Zaenglein AL, Pathy AL, Schlosser BJ, Alikhan A, Baldwin HE, Berson DS, Bowe WP, Graber EM, Harper JC, Kang S, Keri JE, Leyden JJ, Reynolds RV, Silverberg NB, Stein Gold LF, Tollefson MM, Weiss JS, Dolan NC, Sagan AA, Stern M, Boyer KM, Bhushan R. Guidelines of care for the management of acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol 2016; 74:945-73.e33. [PMID: 26897386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 714] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acne is one of the most common disorders treated by dermatologists and other health care providers. While it most often affects adolescents, it is not uncommon in adults and can also be seen in children. This evidence-based guideline addresses important clinical questions that arise in its management. Issues from grading of acne to the topical and systemic management of the disease are reviewed. Suggestions on use are provided based on available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Diane S Berson
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York
| | - Whitney P Bowe
- SUNY Down State Medical Center-Brooklyn, New York, New York
| | - Emmy M Graber
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sewon Kang
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonette E Keri
- University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida; Miami VA Hospital, Miami, Florida
| | | | - Rachel V Reynolds
- Harvard Medical Faculty Physicians, Boston, Massachusetts; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nanette B Silverberg
- Mount Sinai Health System-Beth Israel, New York, New York; St. Lukes-Roosevelt, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin M Boyer
- American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois
| | - Reva Bhushan
- American Academy of Dermatology, Schaumburg, Illinois.
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Shenoy C, Shenoy MM, Rao GK. Dyslipidemia in Dermatological Disorders. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2015; 7:421-8. [PMID: 26713286 PMCID: PMC4677465 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.168657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemias are one of the common metabolic disorders. A link between dermatological disorders like psoriasis and dyslipidemia has been established in the recent past. Many dermatological disorders could have a systemic inflammatory component which explains such association. Chronic inflammatory dermatological disorders could also have other metabolic imbalances that may contribute to dyslipidemia. Presence of such abnormal metabolism may justify routine screening of these disorders for associated dyslipidemia and other metabolic abnormalities and early treatment of such comorbidities to improve quality of life. Some of the drugs used by dermatologists such as retinoids are also likely to be a cause of dyslipidemia. Hence, it is imperative that the dermatologists obtain scientific knowledge on the underlying mechanisms involved in dyslipidemia and understand when to intervene with therapies. A systematic review of the English language literature was done by using Google Scholar and PubMed. In this review, attempts are made to list the dermatological disorders associated with dyslipidemia; to simplify the understanding of underlying mechanisms; and to give a brief idea about the interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetana Shenoy
- Department of Dermatology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Manjunath Mala Shenoy
- Department of Dermatology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gururaja K Rao
- Department of Endocrinolgy, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Zhou SS, Li D, Chen NN, Zhou Y. Vitamin paradox in obesity: Deficiency or excess? World J Diabetes 2015; 6:1158-1167. [PMID: 26322161 PMCID: PMC4549666 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i10.1158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Since synthetic vitamins were used to fortify food and as supplements in the late 1930s, vitamin intake has significantly increased. This has been accompanied by an increased prevalence of obesity, a condition associated with diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, asthma and cancer. Paradoxically, obesity is often associated with low levels of fasting serum vitamins, such as folate and vitamin D. Recent studies on folic acid fortification have revealed another paradoxical phenomenon: obesity exhibits low fasting serum but high erythrocyte folate concentrations, with high levels of serum folate oxidation products. High erythrocyte folate status is known to reflect long-term excess folic acid intake, while increased folate oxidation products suggest an increased folate degradation because obesity shows an increased activity of cytochrome P450 2E1, a monooxygenase enzyme that can use folic acid as a substrate. There is also evidence that obesity increases niacin degradation, manifested by increased activity/expression of niacin-degrading enzymes and high levels of niacin metabolites. Moreover, obesity most commonly occurs in those with a low excretory reserve capacity (e.g., due to low birth weight/preterm birth) and/or a low sweat gland activity (black race and physical inactivity). These lines of evidence raise the possibility that low fasting serum vitamin status in obesity may be a compensatory response to chronic excess vitamin intake, rather than vitamin deficiency, and that obesity could be one of the manifestations of chronic vitamin poisoning. In this article, we discuss vitamin paradox in obesity from the perspective of vitamin homeostasis.
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Yang F, He Y, Liu HX, Tsuei J, Jiang X, Yang L, Wang ZT, Wan YJY. All-trans retinoic acid regulates hepatic bile acid homeostasis. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 91:483-9. [PMID: 25175738 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) and bile acids share common roles in regulating lipid homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. In addition, the receptor for RA (retinoid x receptor) is a permissive partner of the receptor for bile acids, farnesoid x receptor (FXR/NR1H4). Thus, RA can activate the FXR-mediated pathway as well. The current study was designed to understand the effect of all-trans RA on bile acid homeostasis. Mice were fed an all-trans RA-supplemented diet and the expression of 46 genes that participate in regulating bile acid homeostasis was studied. The data showed that all-trans RA has a profound effect in regulating genes involved in synthesis and transport of bile acids. All-trans RA treatment reduced the gene expression levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, and Akr1d1, which are involved in bile acid synthesis. All-trans RA also decreased the hepatic mRNA levels of Lrh-1 (Nr5a2) and Hnf4α (Nr2a1), which positively regulate the gene expression of Cyp7a1 and Cyp8b1. Moreover, all-trans RA induced the gene expression levels of negative regulators of bile acid synthesis including hepatic Fgfr4, Fxr, and Shp (Nr0b2) as well as ileal Fgf15. All-trans RA also decreased the expression of Abcb11 and Slc51b, which have a role in bile acid transport. Consistently, all-trans RA reduced hepatic bile acid levels and the ratio of CA/CDCA, as demonstrated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data suggest that all-trans RA-induced SHP may contribute to the inhibition of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, which in turn reduces bile acid synthesis and affects lipid absorption in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-Lun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Yuqi He
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Hui-Xin Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Jessica Tsuei
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Xiaoyue Jiang
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, 355 River Oaks Pkwy, San Jose, CA 95134, USA.
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-Lun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Zheng-Tao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-Lun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Jui Yvonne Wan
- Institute of Chinese Material Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cai-Lun Road, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the University of California at Davis Medical Center, 4645, 2nd Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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Mamoon A, Subauste A, Subauste MC, Subauste J. Retinoic acid regulates several genes in bile acid and lipid metabolism via upregulation of small heterodimer partner in hepatocytes. Gene 2014; 550:165-70. [PMID: 25014134 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 06/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) affects multiple aspects of development, embryogenesis and cell differentiation processes. The liver is a major organ that stores RA suggesting that retinoids play an important role in the function of hepatocytes. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated the involvement of small heterodimer partner (SHP) in RA-induced signaling in a non-transformed hepatic cell line AML 12. In the present study, we have identified several critical genes in lipid homeostasis (Apoa1, Apoa2 and ApoF) that are repressed by RA-treatment in a SHP dependent manner, in vitro and also in vivo with the use of the SHP null mice. In a similar manner, RA also represses several critical genes involved in bile acid metabolism (Cyp7a1, Cyp8b1, Mdr2, Bsep, Baat and Ntcp) via upregulation of SHP. Collectively our data suggest that SHP plays a major role in RA-induced potential changes in pathophysiology of metabolic disorders in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abulkhair Mamoon
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Angela Subauste
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Maria C Subauste
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Jose Subauste
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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Chen W, Chen G. The Roles of Vitamin A in the Regulation of Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism. J Clin Med 2014; 3:453-79. [PMID: 26237385 PMCID: PMC4449691 DOI: 10.3390/jcm3020453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, two-thirds of American adults are overweight or obese. This high prevalence of overweight/obesity negatively affects the health of the population, as obese individuals tend to develop several chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Due to obesity's impact on health, medical costs, and longevity, the rise in the number of obese people has become a public health concern. Both genetic and environmental/dietary factors play a role in the development of metabolic diseases. Intuitively, it seems to be obvious to link over-nutrition to the development of obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Dietary nutrients not only provide energy derived from macronutrients, but also factors such as micronutrients with regulatory roles. How micronutrients, such as vitamin A (VA; retinol), regulate macronutrient homeostasis is still an ongoing research topic. As an essential micronutrient, VA plays a key role in the general health of an individual. This review summarizes recent research progress regarding VA's role in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism. Due to the large amount of information regarding VA functions, this review focusses on metabolism in metabolic active organs and tissues. Additionally, some perspectives for future studies will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
| | - Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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Howell M, Li R, Zhang R, Li Y, Chen W, Chen G. The expression of Apoc3 mRNA is regulated by HNF4α and COUP-TFII, but not acute retinoid treatments, in primary rat hepatocytes and hepatoma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2014; 387:241-50. [PMID: 24234421 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A status regulates obesity development, hyperlipidemia, and hepatic lipogenic gene expression in Zucker fatty (ZF) rats. The development of hyperlipidemia in acne patients treated with retinoic acid (RA) has been attributed to the induction of apolipoprotein C-III expression. To understand the role of retinoids in the development of hyperlipidemia in ZF rats, the expression levels of several selected RA-responsive genes in the liver and isolated hepatocytes from Zucker lean (ZL) and ZF rats were compared using real-time PCR. The Rarb and Srebp-1c mRNA levels are higher in the liver and isolated hepatocytes from ZF than ZL rats. The Apoc3 mRNA level is only higher in the isolated hepatocytes from ZF than ZL rats. To determine whether dynamic RA production acutely regulates Apoc3 expression, its mRNA levels in response to retinoid treatments or adenovirus-mediated overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) and chicken ovalbumin upstream-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) were analyzed. Retinoid treatments for 2-6 h did not induce the expression of Apoc3 mRNA. The overexpression of HNF4α or COUP-TFII induced or inhibited Apoc3 expression, respectively. We conclude that short-term retinoid treatments could not induce Apoc3 mRNA expression, which is regulated by HNF4α and COUP-TFII in hepatocytes.
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Chen G. Roles of Vitamin A Metabolism in the Development of Hepatic Insulin Resistance. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2013; 2013:534972. [PMID: 27335827 PMCID: PMC4890907 DOI: 10.1155/2013/534972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the number of people with obesity- and noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus has become a major public health concern. Insulin resistance is a common feature closely associated with human obesity and diabetes. Insulin regulates metabolism, at least in part, via the control of the expression of the hepatic genes involved in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Insulin resistance is always associated with profound changes of the expression of hepatic genes for glucose and lipid metabolism. As an essential micronutrient, vitamin A (VA) is needed in a variety of physiological functions. The active metablite of VA, retinoic acid (RA), regulates the expression of genes through the activation of transcription factors bound to the RA-responsive elements in the promoters of RA-targeted genes. Recently, retinoids have been proposed to play roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. This paper summarizes the recent progresses in our understanding of VA metabolism in the liver and of the potential transcription factors mediating RA responses. These transcription factors are the retinoic acid receptor, the retinoid X receptor, the hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α, the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II, and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor β/δ. This paper also summarizes the effects of VA status and RA treatments on the glucose and lipid metabolism in vivo and the effects of retinoid treatments on the expression of insulin-regulated genes involved in the glucose and fatty acid metabolism in the primary hepatocytes. I discuss the roles of RA production in the development of insulin resistance in hepatocytes and proposes a mechanism by which RA production may contribute to hepatic insulin resistance. Given the large amount of information and progresses regarding the physiological functions of VA, this paper mainly focuses on the findings in the liver and hepatocytes and only mentions the relative findings in other tissues and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxun Chen
- Department of Nutrition, University of Tennessee at Knoxville, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (Met S) is a clustering of risk factors comprising of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, elevated blood pressure, and abnormal glucose tolerance. The prevalence of Met S has been increasing in the last few years throughout the world. Psoriasis has consistently been associated with Met S as well as its various components. However, the association is no longer limited to psoriasis alone. Various dermatological conditions such as lichen planus, androgenetic alopecia, systemic lupus erythematosus, skin tags, acanthosis nigricans, and even cutaneous malignancies have also been found to be associated with this syndrome. Though chronic inflammation is thought to be the bridging link, the role of oxidative stress and endocrine abnormalities has recently been proposed in bringing them together.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Padhi
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, VSS Medical College, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
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Jafarirad S, Siassi F, Harirchian MH, Amani R, Bitarafan S, Saboor-Yaraghi A. The effect of vitamin a supplementation on biochemical parameters in multiple sclerosis patients. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 15:194-8. [PMID: 23983997 PMCID: PMC3745746 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.3480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamin A has different functions in the body and after being converted to acid form; it can play many roles in immune system regulation. Therefore, this vitamin can be used as a supplement in the treatment of diseases, such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Vitamin A is a fat-soluble compound and its long-term consumption in high doses can have some adverse effects. Objective The current study aimed to investigate the possible complications and find solutions to minimize the adverse effects. Patients and Methods This study was a double blind randomized clinical trial. In the main study, vitamin A (as retinyl palmitate) was given to 35 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in order to regulate their immune system with a dose of 25000 IU/day for a period of six months. To investigate the possible biochemical complications, lipid profiles, fasting blood sugar (FBS), liver enzymes, and C-reactive protein (CRP) were tested. Results Vitamin A did not have a significant difference in lipid profiles, FBS and liver enzymes between the two groups receiving vitamin A and the placebo, but CRP increased in patients who were taking vitamin A, 1.65±0.43 (mg/L) and 2.88±0.67, (Mean±SEM), before and after the intervention respectively (P=0.029), and statistical analysis showed significant differences with the group receiving placebo (P=0.011) and CRP level in vitamin A group was 1.3 mg/L more than those of the placebo group after intervention (P=0.011). Conclusions Considering that no significant difference was found in the proven vitamin A side effects, due to the increase in CRP, frequent clinical and biochemical controls are required along with vitamin A supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Jafarirad
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fereydoon Siassi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Reza Amani
- Department of Nutrition, School of Paramedicine, Jundishapour University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, IR Iran
| | - Sama Bitarafan
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Aliakbar Saboor-Yaraghi
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Aliakbar Saboor-Yaraghi, Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, BP: 141613151, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-2188954911, Fax: +98-2188974462, E-mail:
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Vieira AS, Beijamini V, Melchiors AC. The effect of isotretinoin on triglycerides and liver aminotransferases. An Bras Dermatol 2013; 87:382-7. [PMID: 22714752 DOI: 10.1590/s0365-05962012000300005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isotretinoin has been used to treat the most severe cases of acne; however, it may provoke adverse events in mucocutaneous and hepatic tissues, lead to alterations in lipid levels and cause teratogenicity. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the profile of changes in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and triglyceride levels in patients who had been treated with oral isotretinoin dispensed by the São Mateus/ES pharmacy for special drugs. METHODS A retrospective, observational, longitudinal study was conducted by carrying out a secondary analysis of each patient's data. RESULTS Of the 130 patients who received isotretinoin between January and December 2009, only 70 were actually treated for 3 months or more and handed in the results of their laboratory tests. Of these 70 patients, 39 (55.7%) were female. The mean age of the women (23.9 years) was higher than the mean age of the men (20.1 years). There was a statistically significant increase in the levels of triglycerides (87.01 ± 48.25 versus 105.32 ± 48.76 mg/dL), AST (20.44 ± 6.26 versus 24.38 ± 11.92 U/L) and ALT (18.24 ± 8.31 versus 23.34 ± 20.03 U/L) performed prior to and 3 months or more after oral isotretinoin treatment. After treatment with oral isotretinoin, triglyceride levels had increased beyond the normal range in 11% of the patients, while 8.6% had elevated AST levels and 7.3% had increased ALT levels. CONCLUSION The results in this population show that the use of oral isotretinoin for the treatment of acne may result in altered triglyceride, AST and ALT levels. These findings are in accordance with data published previously in the scientific literature, confirming the need to monitor these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Salezze Vieira
- Center of North Espírito Santo, Federal University of Espírito Santo, São Mateus, Brazil
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Tripathi SV, Gustafson CJ, Huang KE, Feldman SR. Side effects of common acne treatments. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 12:39-51. [DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2013.740456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Farhangi MA, Keshavarz SA, Eshraghian M, Ostadrahimi A, Saboor-Yaraghi AA. Vitamin a supplementation, serum lipids, liver enzymes and C-reactive protein concentrations in obese women of reproductive age. Ann Clin Biochem 2012; 50:25-30. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2012.012096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background High-dose vitamin A influences glucose and lipid profile; however, the possible effects of moderate doses (25,000 IU/d) are conflicting. We aimed to compare the effect of vitamin A supplementation on several anthropometric and biochemical variables between obese and non-obese women. Methods This study was performed on 84 women among whom 56 were obese (body mass index [BMI] 30-35 kg/m2) and 28 were non-obese (BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2). Obese women were randomly divided into two groups: one group received 25,000 IU/d retinyl palmitate and another group received placebo. The third group was age-matched non-obese women who received 25,000 IU/d retinyl palmitate. At baseline and four months after intervention, fasting blood glucose (FBG), lipid profile, C-reactive protein (CRP) and liver enzymes were evaluated. Results Baseline concentrations of serum FBG and triglyceride in the obese vitamin A-treated group were significantly higher compared with the other groups (P = 0.004 and 0.007, respectively). A significant increase in serum FBG (P = 0.026), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.004) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.016) in the non-obese group and a significant decrease in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.001) in the obese group was observed. Serum CRP increased significantly in the obese vitamin A-treated group (P = 0.03) and serum aspartate transaminase increased significantly in the obese and non-obese groups after vitamin A supplementation (P = 0.008 and 0.001, respectively). Conclusions Treatment with 25,000 IU/d vitamin A induced a mild elevation in serum lipids, CRP and liver enzymes in obese and non-obese women. Considering the other information about possible side-effects of excess vitamin A, use of vitamin A in this dose and duration should be considered with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdieh Abbasalizad Farhangi
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz
| | | | - Mohammadreza Eshraghian
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14155-6446 Tehran
| | - Alireza Ostadrahimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 51666-14711 Tabriz, Iran
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Berglund L, Brunzell JD, Goldberg AC, Goldberg IJ, Sacks F, Murad MH, Stalenhoef AFH. Evaluation and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:2969-89. [PMID: 22962670 PMCID: PMC3431581 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 534] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to develop clinical practice guidelines on hypertriglyceridemia. PARTICIPANTS The Task Force included a chair selected by The Endocrine Society Clinical Guidelines Subcommittee (CGS), five additional experts in the field, and a methodologist. The authors received no corporate funding or remuneration. CONSENSUS PROCESS Consensus was guided by systematic reviews of evidence, e-mail discussion, conference calls, and one in-person meeting. The guidelines were reviewed and approved sequentially by The Endocrine Society's CGS and Clinical Affairs Core Committee, members responding to a web posting, and The Endocrine Society Council. At each stage, the Task Force incorporated changes in response to written comments. CONCLUSIONS The Task Force recommends that the diagnosis of hypertriglyceridemia be based on fasting levels, that mild and moderate hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of 150-999 mg/dl) be diagnosed to aid in the evaluation of cardiovascular risk, and that severe and very severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides of > 1000 mg/dl) be considered a risk for pancreatitis. The Task Force also recommends that patients with hypertriglyceridemia be evaluated for secondary causes of hyperlipidemia and that subjects with primary hypertriglyceridemia be evaluated for family history of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease. The Task Force recommends that the treatment goal in patients with moderate hypertriglyceridemia be a non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in agreement with National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel guidelines. The initial treatment should be lifestyle therapy; a combination of diet modification and drug therapy may also be considered. In patients with severe or very severe hypertriglyceridemia, a fibrate should be used as a first-line agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Berglund
- University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, USA
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Hartung B, Merk HF, Huckenbeck W, Daldrup T, Neuen-Jacob E, Ritz-Timme S. Severe generalised rhabdomyolysis with fatal outcome associated with isotretinoin. Int J Legal Med 2012; 126:953-6. [PMID: 22895802 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-012-0750-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Isotretinoin is considered to be a safe and effective therapy in otherwise therapy-resistant acne. Elevated serum creatine phosphokinase values with or without muscle-related symptoms in isotretinoin-treated patients have been reported and interpreted as benign phenomena, lethal cases have not been described yet. We present the case of a 20-year-old male who died from severe generalised rhabdomyolysis associated with isotretinoin treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno Hartung
- University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Zhang Y, Li R, Li Y, Chen W, Zhao S, Chen G. Vitamin A status affects obesity development and hepatic expression of key genes for fuel metabolism in Zucker fatty rats. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:548-57. [PMID: 22554462 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that vitamin A (VA) status may affect obesity development. Male Zucker lean (ZL) and fatty (ZF) rats after weaning were fed a synthetic VA deficient (VAD) or VA sufficient (VAS) diet for 8 weeks before their plasma parameters and hepatic genes' expression were analyzed. The body mass (BM) of ZL or ZF rats fed the VAD diet was lower than that of their corresponding controls fed the VAS diet at 5 or 2 weeks, respectively. The VAD ZL and ZF rats had less food intake than the VAS rats after 5 weeks. The VAD ZL and ZF rats had lower plasma glucose, triglyceride, insulin, and leptin levels, as well as lower liver glycogen content, net mass of epididymal fat, and liver/BM and epididymal fat/BM ratios (ZL only) than their respective VAS controls. VAD rats had lower hepatic Cyp26a1, Srebp-1c, Fas, Scd1, Me1, Gck, and Pklr (ZL and ZF); and higher Igfbp1 (ZL and ZF), Pck1(ZF only), and G6pc (ZF only) mRNA levels than their respective VAS controls. We conclude that ZL and ZF rats responded differently to dietary VA deficiency. VA status affected obesity development and altered the expression of hepatic genes for fuel metabolism in ZF rats. The mechanisms will help us to combat metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The Diabetes Center at Wuhan Central Hospital, No. 26 Shengli Road, Jiangan District, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
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Dumitrescu L, Goodloe R, Brown-Gentry K, Mayo P, Allen M, Jin H, Gillani NB, Schnetz-Boutaud N, Dilks HH, Crawford DC. Serum vitamins A and E as modifiers of lipid trait genetics in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys as part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study. Hum Genet 2012; 131:1699-708. [PMID: 22688886 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-012-1186-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Both environmental and genetic factors impact lipid traits. Environmental modifiers of known genotype-phenotype associations may account for some of the "missing heritability" of these traits. To identify such modifiers, we genotyped 23 lipid-associated variants identified previously through genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in 2,435 non-Hispanic white, 1,407 non-Hispanic black, and 1,734 Mexican-American samples collected for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Along with lipid levels, NHANES collected environmental variables, including fat-soluble macronutrient serum levels of vitamin A and E levels. As part of the Population Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (PAGE) study, we modeled gene-environment interactions between vitamin A or vitamin E and 23 variants previously associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride (TG) levels. We identified three SNP × vitamin A and six SNP × vitamin E interactions at a significance threshold of p < 2.2 × 10(-3). The most significant interaction was APOB rs693 × vitamin E (p = 8.9 × 10(-7)) for LDL-C levels among Mexican-Americans. The nine significant interaction models individually explained 0.35-1.61% of the variation in any one of the lipid traits. Our results suggest that vitamins A and E may modify known genotype-phenotype associations; however, these interactions account for only a fraction of the overall variability observed for HDL-C, LDL-C, and TG levels in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan Dumitrescu
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Vanderbilt University, 2215 Garland Avenue, 515B Light Hall, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Zhou SS, Li D, Zhou YM, Cao JM. The skin function: a factor of anti-metabolic syndrome. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2012; 4:15. [PMID: 22537765 PMCID: PMC3567429 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-4-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The body's total antioxidant capacity represents a sum of the antioxidant capacity of various tissues/organs. A decrease in the body's antioxidant capacity may induce oxidative stress and subsequent metabolic syndrome, a clustering of risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The skin, the largest organ of the body, is one of the major components of the body's total antioxidant defense system, primarily through its xenobiotic/drug biotransformation system, reactive oxygen species-scavenging system, and sweat glands- and sebaceous glands-mediated excretion system. Notably, unlike other contributors, the skin contribution is variable, depending on lifestyles and ambient temperature or seasonal variations. Emerging evidence suggests that decreased skin's antioxidant and excretory functions (e.g., due to sedentary lifestyles and low ambient temperature) may increase the risk for metabolic syndrome. This review focuses on the relationship between the variability of skin-mediated detoxification and elimination of exogenous and endogenous toxic substances and the development of metabolic syndrome. The potential role of sebum secretion in lipid and cholesterol homeostasis and its impact on metabolic syndrome, and the association between skin disorders (acanthosis nigricans, acne, and burn) and metabolic syndrome are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Physiology, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, 116622, China
| | - Da Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhou
- Section of Cell Signaling, Okazaki Institute for Integrative Bioscience, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Ji-Min Cao
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China
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Erturan İ, Naziroğlu M, Akkaya VB. Isotretinoin treatment induces oxidative toxicity in blood of patients with acne vulgaris: a clinical pilot study. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:552-7. [PMID: 22517509 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Acne vulgaris is the one of the most common skin diseases. Although isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) is an effective and well-tolerated medication, it has a wide range of side effects. Because the effects of isotretinoin on oxidant and antioxidant systems have not yet been clarified, we investigated plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant vitamins, lipid peroxidation (LP), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) values in patients with acne vulgaris before and after isotretinoin treatment. The study was performed on the blood plasma and erythrocytes of 31 acne vulgaris patients. Blood samples were taken from the patients before treatment and after isotretinoin (oral and 0·5-0·7 mg·kg(-1)) treatment for 2 months. Plasma amtioxidant vitamins, erythrocyte malondialdehyde, GSH and GSH-Px levels were measured. Plasma vitamin E (p < 0·001), lipid peroxidation (LP) and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0·001) values were significantly lower in the treatment group than in the pre-treatment group, although erythrocyte LP (p < 0·001), GSH (p < 0·01) and GSH-Px (p < 0·001), aspartate aminotransferase (p < 0·05), alanine aminotransferase (p < 0·05), density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0·001) and total cholesterol (p < 0·01) levels were significantly higher in the treatment group than in the pre-treatment group. Vitamins A, C and β-carotene concentrations did not change significantly between the two groups. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that isotretinoin treatment induces oxidative stress and liver damage by decreasing plasma vitamin E and increasing erythrocytes GSH-Px, GSH and liver enzyme values.
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Affiliation(s)
- İjlal Erturan
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Zhao S, Li R, Li Y, Chen W, Zhang Y, Chen G. Roles of vitamin A status and retinoids in glucose and fatty acid metabolism. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:142-52. [PMID: 22292422 DOI: 10.1139/o11-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising prevalence of metabolic diseases, such as obesity and diabetes, has become a public health concern. Vitamin A (VA, retinol) is an essential micronutrient for a variety of physiological processes, such as tissue differentiation, immunity, and vision. However, its role in glucose and lipid metabolism has not been clearly defined. VA activities are mediated by the metabolite of retinol catabolism, retinoic acid, which activates the retinoic acid receptor and retinoid X receptor (RXR). Since RXR is an obligate heterodimeric partner for many nuclear receptors involved in metabolism, it is reasonable to assume that VA status and retinoids contribute to glucose and lipid homeostasis. To date, the impacts of VA and retinoids on energy metabolism in animals and humans have been demonstrated in some basic and clinical investigations. This review summarizes the effects of VA status and retinoid treatments on metabolism of the liver, adipocytes, pancreatic β-cells, and skeletal muscle. It proposes a mechanism by which the dietary and hormonal signals converge on the promoter of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c gene to induce its expression, and in turn, the expression of lipogenic genes in hepatocytes. Future research projects relevant to the VA's roles in metabolic diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhao
- The Diabetes Center, Wuhan Central Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
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