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Li WX, Xu LL, Liu CF, Dong BZ, Wang YY. Analysis of an adult diabetes mellitus caused by a rare mutation of the gene: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2024; 12:3942-3949. [PMID: 38994305 PMCID: PMC11235441 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i19.3942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study presents the clinical and genetic mutation characteristics of an unusual case of adult-onset diabetes mellitus occurring in adolescence, featuring a unique mutation in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) gene. Data Access Statement: Research data supporting this publication are available from the NN repository at www.NNN.org/download/. CASE SUMMARY The methodology employed entailed meticulous collection of comprehensive clinical data from the probands and their respective family members. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze the PPARG genes of the patient, her siblings, and their offspring. The results of this investigation revealed that the patient initially exhibited elevated blood glucose levels during pregnancy, accompanied by insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia. Furthermore, these strains displayed increased susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease without any discernible aggregation patterns. The results from the gene detection process demonstrated a heterozygous mutation of guanine (G) at position 284 in the coding region of exon 2 of PPARG, which replaced the base adenine (A) (exon2c.284A>Gp.Tyr95Cys). This missense mutation resulted in the substitution of tyrosine with cysteine at the 95th position of the translated protein. Notably, both of her siblings harbored a nucleotide heterozygous variation at the same site, and both were diagnosed with diabetes. CONCLUSION The PPARG gene mutation, particularly the p.Tyr95Cys mutation, may represent a newly identified subtype of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. This subtype is characterized by insulin resistance and lipid metabolism disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xuan Li
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li-Li Xu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Liu
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bing-Zi Dong
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yun-Yang Wang
- Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, Shandong Province, China
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2
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Xu J, Lu W, Wei X, Zhang B, Yang H, Tu M, Chen X, Wu S, Guo T. Single-cell transcriptomics reveals the aggressive landscape of high-grade serous carcinoma and therapeutic targets in tumor microenvironment. Cancer Lett 2024; 593:216928. [PMID: 38714290 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is characterized by early abdominal metastasis, leading to a dismal prognosis. In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing on 109,573 cells from 34 tumor samples of 18 HGSC patients, including both primary tumors and their metastatic sites. Our analysis revealed a distinct S100A9+ tumor cell subtype present in both primary and metastatic sites, strongly associated with poor overall survival. This subtype exhibited high expression of S100A8, S100A9, ADGRF1, CEACAM6, CST6, NDRG2, MUC4, PI3, SDC1, and C15orf48. Individual knockdown of these ten marker genes, validated through in vitro and in vivo models, significantly inhibited ovarian cancer growth and invasion. Around S100A9+ tumor cells, a population of HK2+_CAF was identified, characterized by activated glycolysis metabolism, correlating with shorter overall survival in patients. Notably, similar to CAFs, immunosuppressive tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) subtypes underwent glycolipid metabolism reprogramming via PPARgamma regulation, promoting tumor metastasis. These findings shed light on the mechanisms driving the aggressiveness of HGSC, offering crucial insights for the development of novel therapeutic targets against this formidable cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfen Xu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Weiguo Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinyi Wei
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Haihua Yang
- Novel Bioinformatics Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyan Tu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shenglong Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianchen Guo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
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Mazurkiewicz Ł, Czernikiewicz K, Grygiel-Górniak B. Immunogenetic Aspects of Sarcopenic Obesity. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:206. [PMID: 38397196 PMCID: PMC10888391 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a combination of obesity and sarcopenia, with diagnostic criteria defined as impaired skeletal muscle function and altered body composition (e.g., increased fat mass and reduced muscle mass). The mechanism of SO is not yet perfectly understood; however, the pathogenesis includes aging and its complications, chronic inflammation, insulin resistance (IR), and hormonal changes. Genetic background is apparent in the pathogenesis of isolated obesity, which is most often polygenic and is characterized by the additive effect of various genetic factors. The genetic etiology has not been strictly established in SO. Still, many data confirm the existence of pathogenic gene variants, e.g., Fat Mass and Obesity Associated Gene (FTO), beta-2-adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) gene, melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) and others with obesity. The literature on the role of these genes is scarce, and their role has not yet been thoroughly established. On the other hand, the involvement of systemic inflammation due to increased adipose tissue in SO plays a significant role in its pathophysiology through the synthesis of various cytokines such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), IL-1Ra, IL-15, adiponectin or CRP. The lack of anti-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., IL-15) can increase SO risk, but further studies are needed to evaluate the exact mechanisms of implications of various cytokines in SO individuals. This manuscript analyses various immunogenetic and non-genetic factors and summarizes the recent findings on immunogenetics potentially impacting SO development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bogna Grygiel-Górniak
- Department of Rheumatology, Rehabilitation and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland
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Kreiner FF, Schytz PA, Heerspink HJL, von Scholten BJ, Idorn T. Obesity-Related Kidney Disease: Current Understanding and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2498. [PMID: 37760939 PMCID: PMC10526045 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a serious chronic disease and an independent risk factor for the new onset and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD prevalence is expected to increase, at least partly due to the continuous rise in the prevalence of obesity. The concept of obesity-related kidney disease (OKD) has been introduced to describe the still incompletely understood interplay between obesity, CKD, and other cardiometabolic conditions, including risk factors for OKD and cardiovascular disease, such as diabetes and hypertension. Current therapeutics target obesity and CKD individually. Non-pharmacological interventions play a major part, but the efficacy and clinical applicability of lifestyle changes and metabolic surgery remain debatable, because the strategies do not benefit everyone, and it remains questionable whether lifestyle changes can be sustained in the long term. Pharmacological interventions, such as sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors and the non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist finerenone, provide kidney protection but have limited or no impact on body weight. Medicines based on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) induce clinically relevant weight loss and may also offer kidney benefits. An urgent medical need remains for investigations to better understand the intertwined pathophysiologies in OKD, paving the way for the best possible therapeutic strategies in this increasingly prevalent disease complex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hiddo J. L. Heerspink
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Thomas Idorn
- Novo Nordisk A/S, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark; (F.F.K.); (P.A.S.); (B.J.v.S.)
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5
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Horwitz A, Birk R. Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity-The Case of BBS Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:3445. [PMID: 37571382 PMCID: PMC10421039 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue expansion depends on the interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, and is mainly regulated by a complex interaction between genetics and excess energy intake. However, the genetic regulation of adipose tissue expansion is yet to be fully understood. Obesity can be divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity and monogenic obesity, non-syndromic and syndromic. Several genes related to obesity were found through studies of monogenic non-syndromic obesity models. However, syndromic obesity, characterized by additional features other than obesity, suggesting a more global role of the mutant genes related to the syndrome and, thus, an additional peripheral influence on the development of obesity, were hardly studied to date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding the hyperplasia and hypertrophy of adipocytes in common obesity. Additionally, we highlight the scarce research on syndromic obesity as a model for studying adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy, focusing on Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS). BBS obesity involves central and peripheral mechanisms, with molecular and mechanistic alternation in adipocyte hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Thus, we argue that using syndromic obesity models, such as BBS, can further advance our knowledge regarding peripheral adipocyte regulation in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Birk
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel;
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6
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McAleer JP. Obesity and the microbiome in atopic dermatitis: Therapeutic implications for PPAR-γ agonists. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1167800. [PMID: 37051264 PMCID: PMC10083318 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1167800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is an inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal barrier disruption, Th2 immune responses to skin allergens and microbial dysbiosis within affected lesions. Studies within the past decade have revealed genetic and environmental factors contributing to AD in children. Obesity is a metabolic disorder that often manifests early in life and is associated with reduced bacterial diversity, leading to skin colonization with lipophilic bacteria and intestinal colonization with pro-inflammatory species. These changes impair epithelial barriers and promote Th17 responses, which may worsen the severity of AD symptoms. While few studies have examined the contribution of microbiota in obesity-induced allergies, there is emerging evidence that PPAR-γ may be an effective therapeutic target. This review discusses the microbiome in pediatric AD, treatment with probiotics, how disease is altered by obesity and potential therapeutic effects of PPAR-γ agonists. While healthy skin contains diverse species adapted for specific niches, lesional skin is highly colonized with Staphylococcus aureus which perpetuates the inflammatory reaction. Treatments for AD should help to restore microbial diversity in the skin and intestine, as well as epithelial barrier function. Pre-clinical models have shown that PPAR-γ agonists can suppress Th17 responses, IgE production and mast cell function, while improving the epidermal barrier and microbial homeostasis. Overall, PPAR-γ agonists may be effective in a subset of patients with AD, and future studies should distinguish their metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects in order to inform the best therapies.
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Muntean C, Sasaran MO, Crisan A, Banescu C. Effects of PPARG and PPARGC1A gene polymorphisms on obesity markers. Front Public Health 2022; 10:962852. [PMID: 36466447 PMCID: PMC9709282 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.962852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric obesity presents a multifactorial etiology, which involves genetic traits as well, including single nucleotide polymorphisms. The aim of the study is to investigate the contribution of PPARG gene polymorphisms (namely Pro12Ala rs1801282, His447His rs3856806, and Pro115Gln rs1800571) and PPARGC1A rs8192678 SNP on the anthropometric and metabolic parameters in a population of Romanian children. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 295 Caucasian children, divided according to the body mass index (BMI) z-score into the study (obese and overweight) group of 130 children and the control (normoponderal) group of 165 children. Anthropometric parameters were greater in the obese and overweight population as opposed to controls, with significant differences (p < 0.01) found for the weight (2.77 ± 1.54 SD vs. -0.04 ± 1.15 SD), body mass index (BMI) (2.28 ± 0.97 SD vs. -0.18 ± 1.19 SD), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) (4.59 ± 2.28 SD vs. 0.28 ± 3.45 SD), tricipital skin-fold (TSF) (3.31 ± 3.09 SD vs. 0.62 ± 7.28 SD) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) (0.61 ± 1.51 SD vs. -0.35 ± 1.35 SD) z-scores. Moreover, triglyceride values were higher in the study group (118.70 ± 71.99 SD vs. 77.09 ± 37.39 SD). No significant difference in the allele and genotype distribution of investigates gene polymorphisms was observed between the studied groups (p > 0.05). PPARG (rs1801282, rs3856806, and rs1800571) were not associated with demographic, anthropometric, and laboratory parameters. However, PPARGC1A rs8192678 CC genotype was associated with TSF z-score (p = 0.03), whereas total and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly higher among TT homozygotes (p < 0.01). Our data suggest that PPARG (rs1801282, rs3856806, and rs1800571) and PPARGC1A (rs8192678) gene polymorphisms were not associated with childhood and adolescence overweight and obesity. The present study identified a significant increase in fasting glucose levels, triglyceride, albumin, and ALT levels in children with excess weight, as well as expected important upward variation of anthropometric parameters (BMI, MUAC, TSF z-scores).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Muntean
- Department of Paediatrics I, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania,*Correspondence: Carmen Muntean
| | - Maria Oana Sasaran
- Department of Paediatrics III, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Sciences, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Adriana Crisan
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
| | - Claudia Banescu
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, “George Emil Palade” University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş, Târgu Mureş, Romania
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8
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Gan L, Wang J, Guo Y. Polysaccharides influence human health via microbiota-dependent and -independent pathways. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1030063. [PMID: 36438731 PMCID: PMC9682087 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are the most diverse molecules and can be extracted from abundant edible materials. Increasing research has been conducted to clarify the structure and composition of polysaccharides obtained from different materials and their effects on human health. Humans can only directly assimilate very limited polysaccharides, most of which are conveyed to the distal gut and fermented by intestinal microbiota. Therefore, the main mechanism underlying the bioactive effects of polysaccharides on human health involves the interaction between polysaccharides and microbiota. Recently, interest in the role of polysaccharides in gut health, obesity, and related disorders has increased due to the wide range of valuable biological activities of polysaccharides. The known roles include mechanisms that are microbiota-dependent and involve microbiota-derived metabolites and mechanisms that are microbiota-independent. In this review, we discuss the role of polysaccharides in gut health and metabolic diseases and the underlying mechanisms. The findings in this review provide information on functional polysaccharides in edible materials and facilitate dietary recommendations for people with health issues. To uncover the effects of polysaccharides on human health, more clinical trials should be conducted to confirm the therapeutic effects on gut and metabolic disease. Greater attention should be directed toward polysaccharide extraction from by-products or metabolites derived from food processing that are unsuitable for direct consumption, rather than extracting them from edible materials. In this review, we advanced the understanding of the structure and composition of polysaccharides, the mutualistic role of gut microbes, the metabolites from microbiota-fermenting polysaccharides, and the subsequent outcomes in human health and disease. The findings provide insight into the proper application of polysaccharides in improving human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Gan
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Wang
- School of Bioengineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Luo L, Liu M. Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:349-362. [PMID: 37724325 PMCID: PMC10388816 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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10
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Luan ZL, Zhang C, Ming WH, Huang YZ, Guan YF, Zhang XY. Nuclear receptors in renal health and disease. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103855. [PMID: 35123268 PMCID: PMC8819107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a major social and economic burden for the healthcare system, kidney diseases contribute to the constant increase of worldwide deaths. A deeper understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the etiology, development and progression of kidney diseases may help to identify potential therapeutic targets. As a superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors, nuclear receptors (NRs) are critical for the maintenance of normal renal function and their dysfunction is associated with a variety of kidney diseases. Increasing evidence suggests that ligands for NRs protect patients from renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI), diabetic nephropathy (DN), renal fibrosis and kidney cancers. In the past decade, some breakthroughs have been made for the translation of NR ligands into clinical use. This review summarizes the current understanding of several important NRs in renal physiology and pathophysiology and discusses recent findings and applications of NR ligands in the management of kidney diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lin Luan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Wen-Hua Ming
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Huang
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - You-Fei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; Dalian Key Laboratory for Nuclear Receptors in Major Metabolic Diseases, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China.
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Health Science Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
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Oates EH, Antoniewicz MR. Coordinated reprogramming of metabolism and cell function in adipocytes from proliferation to differentiation. Metab Eng 2021; 69:221-230. [PMID: 34929419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a major role in regulating lipid and energy homeostasis by storing excess nutrients, releasing energetic substrates through lipolysis, and regulating metabolism of other tissues and organs through endocrine and paracrine signaling. Adipocytes within fat tissues store excess nutrients through increased cell number (hyperplasia), increased cell size (hypertrophy), or both. The differentiation of pre-adipocytes into mature lipid-accumulating adipocytes requires a complex interaction of metabolic pathways that is still incompletely understood. Here, we applied parallel labeling experiments and 13C-metabolic flux analysis to quantify precise metabolic fluxes in proliferating and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells, a widely used model to study adipogenesis. We found that morphological and biomass composition changes in adipocytes were accompanied by significant shifts in metabolic fluxes, encompassing all major metabolic pathways. In contrast to proliferating cells, differentiated adipocytes 1) increased glucose uptake and redirected glucose utilization from lactate production to lipogenesis and energy generation; 2) increased pathway fluxes through glycolysis, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and citric acid cycle; 3) reduced lactate secretion, resulting in increased ATP generation via oxidative phosphorylation; 4) rewired glutamine metabolism, from glutaminolysis to de novo glutamine synthesis; 5) increased cytosolic NADPH production, driven mostly by increased cytosolic malic enzyme flux; 6) increased production of monounsaturated C16:1; and 7) activated a mitochondrial pyruvate cycle through simultaneous activity of pyruvate carboxylase, malate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme. Taken together, these results quantitatively highlight the complex interplay between pathway fluxes and cell function in adipocytes, and suggest a functional role for metabolic reprogramming in adipose differentiation and lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor H Oates
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Maciek R Antoniewicz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Metabolic Engineering and Systems Biology Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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12
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Jones BA, Wang XX, Myakala K, Levi M. Nuclear Receptors and Transcription Factors in Obesity-Related Kidney Disease. Semin Nephrol 2021; 41:318-330. [PMID: 34715962 PMCID: PMC10187996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and chronic kidney disease are increasingly common causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although obesity often co-exists with diabetes and hypertension, it has become clear over the past several decades that obesity is an independent cause of chronic kidney disease, termed obesity-related glomerulopathy. This review defines the attributes of obesity-related glomerulopathy and describes potential pharmacologic interventions. Interventions discussed include peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, the farnesoid X receptor, the Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5, and the vitamin D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce A Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Xiaoxin X Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Komuraiah Myakala
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC
| | - Moshe Levi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, DC.
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PPARγ and TGFβ-Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910431. [PMID: 34638771 PMCID: PMC8508998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone.
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14
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Abaj F, Sotoudeh G, Karimi E, Rafiee M, Koohdani F. Interaction between the dietary indices and PPAR-γ Pro12Ala gene variants on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14307. [PMID: 33930247 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the interaction between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) Pro12Ala polymorphism and healthy eating index (HEI), Dietary Quality Index-International (DQI-I), and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 393 diabetic patients. PPAR-γ Pro12Ala was genotyped by the PCR-RFLP method. Biochemical markers including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), superoxide dismutase (SOD), C-reactive protein (CRP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), pentraxin-3 (PTX3), isoprostaneF2α (PGF2α). Interleukin 18 (IL18), leptin, and ghrelin were measured by standard protocol. Food-frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were used for dietary indices (DQI-I, DPI, HEI) calculation. RESULTS Homozygous carriers of the rs1801282 C allele showed higher leptin compared G allele carriers (P = .015). The rs1801282-DQI-I interactions were significant on waist circumference (WC) (P = .019). Thus, C-allele carriers in the higher tertile of DQI-I had higher WC compared with GG homozygous. Further, an interaction was observed between PPAR rs1801282 polymorphism and DQI-I on serum IL-18 level (P = .032). Besides, a significant rs1801282-DPI interaction was shown on HDL concentration (P = .041), G allele carriers who were in the highest tertile of DPI, had lower HDL. Moreover, there were significant rs1801282-HEI interactions on serum leptin (P = .021). Individuals with (CC, CG) genotypes in the higher tertile of HEI, had lower leptin concentration. CONCLUSION Higher dietary indices (DQI-I, DPI, HEI) may affect the relationship between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and WC, ghrelin, leptin, HDL, and IL-18 concentration in patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Abaj
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Gity Sotoudeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Karimi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Rafiee
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Koohdani
- Department of Cellular, Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Kim GW, Chung SH. The beneficial effect of glycerophosphocholine to local fat accumulation: a comparative study with phosphatidylcholine and aminophylline. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2021; 25:333-339. [PMID: 34187950 PMCID: PMC8255124 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2021.25.4.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Injection lipolysis or mesotherapy gained popularity for local fat dissolve as an alternative to surgical liposuction. Phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and aminophylline (AMPL) are commonly used compounds for mesotherapy, but their efficacy and safety as lipolytic agents have been controversial. Glycerophosphocholine (GPC) is a choline precursor structurally similar to PPC, and thus introduced in aesthetics as an alternative for PPC. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of GPC on adipocytes differentiation and lipolysis and compared those effects with PPC and AMPL using in vitro and in vivo models. Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 was measured by Oil Red O staining. Lipolysis was assessed by measuring the amount of glycerol released in the culture media. To evaluate the lipolytic activity of GPC on a physiological condition, GPC was subcutaneously injected to one side of inguinal fat pads for 3 days. Lipolytic activity of GPC was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining in adipose tissue. GPC significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 in a concentration-dependent manner (22.3% inhibition at 4 mM of GPC compared to control). Moreover, when lipolysis was assessed by glycerol release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, 6 mM of GPC stimulated glycerol release by two-fold over control. Subcutaneous injection of GPC into the inguinal fat pad of mice significantly reduced the mass of fat pad and the size of adipocytes of injected site, and these effects of GPC were more prominent over PPC and AMPL. Taken together, these results suggest that GPC is the potential therapeutic agent as a local fat reducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go Woon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Chung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
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16
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Cataldi S, Costa V, Ciccodicola A, Aprile M. PPARγ and Diabetes: Beyond the Genome and Towards Personalized Medicine. Curr Diab Rep 2021; 21:18. [PMID: 33866450 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-021-01385-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Full and partial synthetic agonists targeting the transcription factor PPARγ are contained in FDA-approved insulin-sensitizing drugs and used for the treatment of metabolic syndrome-related dysfunctions. Here, we discuss the association between PPARG genetic variants and drug efficacy, as well as the role of alternative splicing and post-translational modifications as contributors to the complexity of PPARγ signaling and to the effects of synthetic PPARγ ligands. RECENT FINDINGS PPARγ regulates the transcription of several target genes governing adipocyte differentiation and glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as insulin sensitivity and inflammatory pathways. These pleiotropic functions confer great relevance to PPARγ in physiological regulation of whole-body metabolism, as well as in the etiology of metabolic disorders. Accordingly, PPARG gene mutations, nucleotide variations, and post-translational modifications have been associated with adipose tissue disorders and the related risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moreover, PPARγ alternative splicing isoforms-generating dominant-negative isoforms mainly expressed in human adipose tissue-have been related to impaired PPARγ activity and adipose tissue dysfunctions. Thus, multiple regulatory levels that contribute to PPARγ signaling complexity may account for the beneficial as well as adverse effects of PPARγ agonists. Further targeted analyses, taking into account all these aspects, are needed for better deciphering the role of PPARγ in human pathophysiology, especially in insulin resistance and T2D. The therapeutic potential of full and partial PPARγ synthetic agonists underlines the clinical significance of this nuclear receptor. PPARG mutations, polymorphisms, alternative splicing isoforms, and post-translational modifications may contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders, also influencing the responsiveness of pharmacological therapy. Therefore, in the context of the current evidence-based trend to personalized diabetes management, we highlight the need to decipher the intricate regulation of PPARγ signaling to pave the way to tailored therapies in patients with insulin resistance and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cataldi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Costa
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ciccodicola
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy.
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Naples "Parthenope", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Marianna Aprile
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131, Naples, Italy
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Zhang M, Ceyhan Y, Kaftanovskaya EM, Vasquez JL, Vacher J, Knop FK, Nathanson L, Agoulnik AI, Ittmann MM, Agoulnik IU. INPP4B protects from metabolic syndrome and associated disorders. Commun Biol 2021; 4:416. [PMID: 33772116 PMCID: PMC7998001 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A high fat diet and obesity have been linked to the development of metabolic dysfunction and the promotion of multiple cancers. The causative cellular signals are multifactorial and not yet completely understood. In this report, we show that Inositol Polyphosphate-4-Phosphatase Type II B (INPP4B) signaling protects mice from diet-induced metabolic dysfunction. INPP4B suppresses AKT and PKC signaling in the liver thereby improving insulin sensitivity. INPP4B loss results in the proteolytic cleavage and activation of a key regulator in de novo lipogenesis and lipid storage, SREBP1. In mice fed with the high fat diet, SREBP1 increases expression and activity of PPARG and other lipogenic pathways, leading to obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inpp4b-/- male mice have reduced energy expenditure and respiratory exchange ratio leading to increased adiposity and insulin resistance. When treated with high fat diet, Inpp4b-/- males develop type II diabetes and inflammation of adipose tissue and prostate. In turn, inflammation drives the development of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). Thus, INPP4B plays a crucial role in maintenance of overall metabolic health and protects from prostate neoplasms associated with metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yasemin Ceyhan
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Elena M Kaftanovskaya
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Judy L Vasquez
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jean Vacher
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Filip K Knop
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hellerup, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Lubov Nathanson
- Institute for Neuro Immune Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Alexander I Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michael M Ittmann
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Irina U Agoulnik
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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18
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Vundavilli H, Tripathi LP, Datta A, Mizuguchi K. Network modeling and inference of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor pathway in high fat diet-linked obesity. J Theor Biol 2021; 519:110647. [PMID: 33640449 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2021.110647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systems biology aims to understand how holistic systems theory can be used to explain the observable living system characteristics, and mathematical modeling tools have been successful in understanding the intricate relationships underlying cellular functions. Lately, researchers have been interested in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying obesity, which is a major health concern worldwide and has been linked to several diseases. Various mechanisms such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are known to modulate obesity-induced inflammation and its consequences. In this study, we have modeled the PPAR pathway using a Bayesian model and inferred the sub-pathways that are potentially responsible for the activation of the output processes that are associated with high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. We examined a previously published dataset from a study that compared gene expression profiles of 40 mice maintained on HFD against 40 mice fed with chow diet (CD). Our simulations have highlighted that GPCR and FATCD36 sub-pathways were aberrantly active in HFD mice and are therefore favorable targets for anti-obesity strategies. We further cross-validated our observations with experimental results from the literature. We believe that mathematical models such as those presented in the present study can help in inferring other pathways and deducing significant biological relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haswanth Vundavilli
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & The Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA; Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085 Osaka, Japan.
| | - Lokesh P Tripathi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085 Osaka, Japan.
| | - Aniruddha Datta
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering & The Center for Bioinformatics and Genomic Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Kenji Mizuguchi
- Artificial Intelligence Center for Health and Biomedical Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki City, 567-0085 Osaka, Japan; Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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19
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Wang L, Luo Y, Luo L, Wu D, Ding X, Zheng H, Wu H, Liu B, Yang X, Silva F, Wang C, Zhang X, Zheng X, Chen J, Brigman J, Mandell M, Zhou Z, Liu F, Yang XO, Liu M. Adiponectin restrains ILC2 activation by AMPK-mediated feedback inhibition of IL-33 signaling. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20191054. [PMID: 33104171 PMCID: PMC7590510 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
ILC2s are present in adipose tissue and play a critical role in regulating adipose thermogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying the activation of adipose-resident ILC2s remain poorly defined. Here, we show that IL-33, a potent ILC2 activator, stimulates phosphorylation of AMPK at Thr172 via TAK1 in primary ILC2s, which provides a feedback mechanism to inhibit IL-33-induced NF-κB activation and IL-13 production. Treating ILC2s with adiponectin or an adiponectin receptor agonist (AdipoRon) activated AMPK and decreased IL-33-NF-κB signaling. AdipoRon also suppressed cold-induced thermogenic gene expression and energy expenditure in vivo. In contrast, adiponectin deficiency increased the ILC2 fraction and activation, leading to up-regulated thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissue of cold-exposed mice. ILC2 deficiency or blocking ILC2 function by neutralization of the IL-33 receptor with anti-ST2 diminished the suppressive effect of adiponectin on cold-induced adipose thermogenesis and energy expenditure. Taken together, our study reveals that adiponectin is a negative regulator of ILC2 function in adipose tissue via AMPK-mediated negative regulation of IL-33 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Dandan Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Xiaofeng Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Handong Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Haisha Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bilian Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Floyd Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Chunqing Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Xianyun Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jindong Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jonathan Brigman
- Department of Neuroscience, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Michael Mandell
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | - Xuexian O. Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center for Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM
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20
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Gong S, Han X, Li M, Cai X, Liu W, Luo Y, Zhang SM, Zhou L, Ma Y, Huang X, Li Y, Zhou X, Zhu Y, Wang Q, Chen L, Ren Q, Zhang P, Ji L. Genetics and Clinical Characteristics of PPARγ Variant-Induced Diabetes in a Chinese Han Population. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:677130. [PMID: 34764936 PMCID: PMC8576343 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.677130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES PPARγ variants cause lipodystrophy, insulin resistance, and diabetes. This study aimed to determine the relationship between PPARγ genotypes and phenotypes and to explore the pathogenesis of diabetes beyond this relationship. METHODS PPARγ2 exons in 1,002 Chinese patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes (diagnosed before 40 years of age) were sequenced. The functions of variants were evaluated by in vitro assays. Additionally, a review of the literature was performed to obtain all reported cases with rare PPARγ2 variants to evaluate the characteristics of variants in different functional domains. RESULTS Six (0.6%) patients had PPARγ2 variant-induced diabetes (PPARG-DM) in the early-onset type 2 diabetes group, including three with the p.Tyr95Cys variant in activation function 1 domain (AF1), of which five patients (83%) had diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Functional experiments showed that p.Tyr95Cys suppresses 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation. A total of 64 cases with damaging rare variants were reported previously. Patients with rare PPARγ2 variants in AF1 of PPARγ2 had a lower risk of lipodystrophy and a higher rate of obesity than those with variants in other domains, as confirmed in patients identified in this study. CONCLUSION The prevalence of PPARG-DM is similar in Caucasian and Chinese populations, and DKD was often observed in these patients. Patients with variants in the AF1 of PPARγ2 had milder clinical phenotypes and lack typical lipodystrophy features than those with variants in other domains. Our findings emphasize the importance of screening such patients via genetic testing and suggest that thiazolidinediones might be a good choice for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqian Gong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linong Ji, ; Xueyao Han,
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Si-min Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Lingli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yumin Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuting Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Pinggu District Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xianghai Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuping Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Liangxiang Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Diabetes Center, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linong Ji, ; Xueyao Han,
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21
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Krishnamurthy A, Gupta Y, Bhargava R, Sharan P, Tandon N, Jyotsna VP. Evaluation of eating disorders and their association with glycemic control and metabolic parameters in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2020; 14:1555-1561. [PMID: 32846368 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little data on the prevalence and effects of eating disorders in patients with T2DM. AIMS To evaluate the presence of eating disorders (ED) and their association with glycemic control and metabolic parameters in adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in the endocrinology outpatient unit of our tertiary care centre between January 2017 to December 2018. Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and Binge Eating Scale (BES) questionnaires were used to screen for ED in adults with T2DM (group 1) and controls without T2DM (group 2). Cut off scores ≥18 on BES was considered as a positive screen for Binge eating disorder in participants with and without T2DM. A score of ≥30 on EAT-26 was defined as abnormal for participants with T2DM and ≥20 for those without T2DM. Formal psychiatric assessment was done to diagnose ED in those who screened positive on the basis of scores on BES or EAT-26 or both. Demographic, anthropometric and relevant medical details like duration of treatment, glycemic control, complications were recorded. RESULTS A total of 512 individuals (256 in each group) participated in this study. Out of these, 10.9% of individuals with T2DM and 14.1% of those without T2DM screened positive for ED, with no significant difference in the two groups. After a detailed psychiatric assessment, two patients (0.8%) in each group were confirmed to have ED. Participants with T2DM who were on thiazolidinediones had higher odds (2.2) of screening positive for an ED.(p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals that eating disorders are not very common in our clinical population of T2DM, and the prevalence is comparable to BMI matched individuals without T2DM. The prevalence rates of eating disorders are lower (in both controls and patients with T2DM) than those reported from developed western countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Krishnamurthy
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Yashdeep Gupta
- Department of Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Pratap Sharan
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Viveka P Jyotsna
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
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22
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Stalin A, Lin D, Josephine Princy J, Feng Y, Xiang H, Ignacimuthu S, Chen Y. Computational analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PPAR gamma associated with obesity, diabetes and cancer. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 40:1843-1857. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2020.1835724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Antony Stalin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ding Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yue Feng
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haiping Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Abstract
Nuclear receptors have a broad spectrum of biological functions in normal physiology and in the pathology of various diseases, including glomerular disease. The primary therapies for many glomerular diseases are glucocorticoids, which exert their immunosuppressive and direct podocyte protective effects via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). As glucocorticoids are associated with important adverse effects and a substantial proportion of patients show resistance to these therapies, the beneficial effects of selective GR modulators are now being explored. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonism using thiazolidinediones has potent podocyte cytoprotective and nephroprotective effects. Repurposing of thiazolidinediones or identification of novel PPARγ modulators are potential strategies to treat non-diabetic glomerular disease. Retinoic acid receptor-α is the key mediator of the renal protective effects of retinoic acid, and repair of the endogenous retinoic acid pathway offers another potential therapeutic strategy for glomerular disease. Vitamin D receptor, oestrogen receptor and mineralocorticoid receptor modulators regulate podocyte injury in experimental models. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms of these nuclear receptors, evaluate their synergistic pathways and identify their novel modulators. Here, we focus on the role of nuclear receptors in podocyte biology and non-diabetic glomerular disease.
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24
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Jaladanki CK, He Y, Zhao LN, Maurer-Stroh S, Loo LH, Song H, Fan H. Virtual screening of potentially endocrine-disrupting chemicals against nuclear receptors and its application to identify PPARγ-bound fatty acids. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:355-374. [PMID: 32909075 PMCID: PMC7811525 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02897-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of energy homeostasis, body development, and sexual reproduction. Xenobiotics binding to NRs may disrupt natural hormonal systems and induce undesired adverse effects in the body. However, many chemicals of concerns have limited or no experimental data on their potential or lack-of-potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Here, we propose a virtual screening method based on molecular docking for predicting potential endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that bind to NRs. For 12 NRs, we systematically analyzed how multiple crystal structures can be used to distinguish actives and inactives found in previous high-throughput experiments. Our method is based on (i) consensus docking scores from multiple structures at a single functional state (agonist-bound or antagonist-bound), (ii) multiple functional states (agonist-bound and antagonist-bound), and (iii) multiple pockets (orthosteric site and alternative sites) of these NRs. We found that the consensus enrichment from multiple structures is better than or comparable to the best enrichment from a single structure. The discriminating power of this consensus strategy was further enhanced by a chemical similarity-weighted scoring scheme, yielding better or comparable enrichment for all studied NRs. Applying this optimized method, we screened 252 fatty acids against peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) and successfully identified 3 previously unknown fatty acids with Kd = 100-250 μM including two furan fatty acids: furannonanoic acid (FNA) and furanundecanoic acid (FUA), and one cyclopropane fatty acid: phytomonic acid (PTA). These results suggested that the proposed method can be used to rapidly screen and prioritize potential EDCs for further experimental evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitanya K Jaladanki
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Toxicity Mode-of-Action Discovery (ToxMAD) Platform, Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Yang He
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Li Na Zhao
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Maurer-Stroh
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Toxicity Mode-of-Action Discovery (ToxMAD) Platform, Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Lit-Hsin Loo
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore
- Toxicity Mode-of-Action Discovery (ToxMAD) Platform, Innovations in Food and Chemical Safety Programme, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, 138671, Singapore
| | - Haiwei Song
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Singapore, 138673, Singapore.
| | - Hao Fan
- Bioinformatics Institute (BII), Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix No. 07-01, Singapore, 138671, Singapore.
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25
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Peng T, Wang G, Cheng S, Xiong Y, Cao R, Qian K, Ju L, Wang X, Xiao Y. The role and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer. J Cancer 2020; 11:3965-3975. [PMID: 32328200 PMCID: PMC7171493 DOI: 10.7150/jca.42663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, participates in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Extensive studies have revealed the relationship between PPARγ and various tumors. However, the expression and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer seem to be controversial. It has been demonstrated that PPARγ affects the occurrence and progression of bladder cancer by regulating proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid metabolism, probably through PPARγ-SIRT1 feedback loops, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway. Considering the frequent relapses after chemotherapy, some researchers have focused on the relationship between PPARγ and chemotherapy sensitivity in bladder cancer. Moreover, the feasibility of PPARγ ligands as potential therapeutic targets for bladder cancer has been uncovered. Taken together, this review summarizes the relevant literature and our findings to explore the complicated role and function of PPARγ in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Peng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Songtao Cheng
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaoyi Xiong
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Biological Repositories, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Human Genetics Resource Preservation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan, China.,Cancer Precision Diagnosis and Treatment and Translational Medicine Hubei Engineering Research Center, Wuhan, China
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26
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Expression of the bovine KLF6 gene polymorphisms and their association with carcass and body measures in Qinchuan cattle (Bos Taurus). Genomics 2020; 112:423-431. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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27
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Wu L, Song Y, Zhang Y, Liang B, Deng Y, Tang T, Ye YC, Hou HY, Wang CC. Novel Genetic Variants of PPARγ2 Promoter in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and its Molecular Regulation in Adipogenesis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:499788. [PMID: 33551986 PMCID: PMC7862745 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.499788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) is a nuclear hormone receptor of ligand-dependent transcription factor with a key role in adipogenesis and insulin sensitization in diabetes mellitus. In this study, we investigated genetic variants in PPARγ2 promoter, its association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and its molecular regulation. PPARγ2 promoter and start codon (-2,091 to +82 bp) from 400 pregnancies with GDM and 400 gestational-age matched control pregnancies were sequenced. Association and linkage disequilibrium of the identified polymorphisms with GDM was determined. ChIP-seq, gene silencing, and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to confirm transcription factor binding sites and promoter activity of the variants. Transfection experiments were carried out to determine the effects of variants on gene expression and adipogenesis. Among 15 variants identified, 7 known variants were not significantly associated with the risk of GDM (odds ratio: 0.710-1.208, 95% confidence interval: 0.445-0.877 to 1.132-1.664, P > 0.05) while linkage disequilibrium was significant (D' > 0.7, R2 > 0.9). However, T-A-A-T-G haplotype was not significantly associated with GDM (χ2 = 2.461, P = 0.117). Five rare variants and 3 novel variants (rs948820149, rs1553638909, and rs1553638903) were only found in GDM. Transcription factor glucocorticoid receptor β (GRβ) bound to -807A/C (rs948820149) and knockdown of GRβ suppressed PPARγ2 promoter activity. This mutation significantly down-regulated PPARγ2 expression and alleviated adipogenesis. In conclusion, a novel -807A/C in PPARγ2 promoter was identified in Chinese women with GDM and the mutation affected GRβ binding and transcription of PPARγ2 for adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Tao Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yan Chou Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong Ying Hou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chi Chiu Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Development and Reproduction Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong-Sichuan University Joint Laboratory in Reproductive Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- *Correspondence: Chi Chiu Wang,
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28
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Simpson CM, Zhang B, Hornbeck PV, Gnad F. Systematic analysis of the intersection of disease mutations with protein modifications. BMC Med Genomics 2019; 12:109. [PMID: 31345222 PMCID: PMC6657027 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-019-0543-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Perturbed posttranslational modification (PTM) landscapes commonly cause pathological phenotypes. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) project profiles thousands of tumors allowing the identification of spontaneous cancer-driving mutations, while Uniprot and dbSNP manage genetic disease-associated variants in the human population. PhosphoSitePlus (PSP) is the most comprehensive resource for studying experimentally observed PTM sites and the only repository with daily updates on functional annotations for many of these sites. To elucidate altered PTM landscapes on a large scale, we integrated disease-associated mutations from TCGA, Uniprot, and dbSNP with PTM sites from PhosphoSitePlus. We characterized each dataset individually, compared somatic with germline mutations, and analyzed PTM sites intersecting directly with disease variants. To assess the impact of mutations in the flanking regions of phosphosites, we developed DeltaScansite, a pipeline that compares Scansite predictions on wild type versus mutated sequences. Disease mutations are also visualized in PhosphoSitePlus. RESULTS Characterization of somatic variants revealed oncoprotein-like mutation profiles of U2AF1, PGM5, and several other proteins, showing alteration patterns similar to germline mutations. The union of all datasets uncovered previously unknown losses and gains of PTM events in diseases unevenly distributed across different PTM types. Focusing on phosphorylation, our DeltaScansite workflow predicted perturbed signaling networks consistent with calculations by the machine learning method MIMP. CONCLUSIONS We discovered oncoprotein-like profiles in TCGA and mutations that presumably modify protein function by impacting PTM sites directly or by rewiring upstream regulation. The resulting datasets are enriched with functional annotations from PhosphoSitePlus and present a unique resource for potential biomarkers or disease drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M Simpson
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Peter V Hornbeck
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA, USA
| | - Florian Gnad
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Cell Signaling Technology Inc, Danvers, MA, USA.
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29
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Seleit I, Bakry OA, Abd El Gayed E, Ghanem M. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Gene Polymorphism in Psoriasis and Its Relation to Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Narrowband Ultraviolet B Response: A Case-Control Study in Egyptian Patients. Indian J Dermatol 2019; 64:192-200. [PMID: 31148857 PMCID: PMC6537676 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_114_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Psoriasis is a common dermatologic disease with multifactorial etiology in which genetic factors play a major role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is expressed in keratinocytes and is known to affect cell maturation and differentiation in addition to its role in inflammation. Aim: To study the association between PPAR-γ gene polymorphism and psoriasis vulgaris in Egyptian patients to explore if this polymorphism influenced disease risk or clinical presentation. Methods: Forty-five patients with psoriasis vulgaris and 45 age, sex and body mass index matched healthy volunteers who have no present, past or family history of psoriasis as a control group were enrolled. Selected cases included obese and nonobese participants. Detection of PPAR-γ gene polymorphism was done with restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction. Narrow-band ultraviolet B (NBUVB) was given for every case three times/week for 12 weeks. Results: Homopolymorphism, heteropolymorphism, and Ala allele were significantly associated with cases (P = 0.01, P = 0.01, and P = 0.004, respectively) and increased risk of occurrence of psoriasis by 5.25, 3.65, and 3.37 folds, respectively. Heteropolymorphism was significantly associated with nonobese cases compared to obese ones (P = 0.01). Ala allele was significantly associated with obese cases (P = 0.001) and increased risk of occurrence of psoriasis in obese participants by 1.14 folds. Homopolymorphism, heteropolymorphism, and Ala allele were more prevalent among obese cases without metabolic syndrome (MS) than obese cases with MS but without statistical significance. Percentage of decrease of mean Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score before and after 3 months of treatment with NBUVB was higher in cases with heteropolymorphism with no significant difference between homo- and heteropolymorphism. Conclusion: PPAR-γ gene polymorphism is associated with and increased the risk of psoriasis and its associated obesity in Egyptian patients. It has no role in NBUVB response in those patients. Future large-scale studies on different populations are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Seleit
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
| | - Ola Ahmed Bakry
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd El Gayed
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
| | - Mai Ghanem
- Department of Dermatology, Andrology and STDs, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Shibeen El Koom, Egypt
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30
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Broekema M, Savage D, Monajemi H, Kalkhoven E. Gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in lipodystrophy: Lessons learned from natural PPARγ mutants. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:715-732. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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31
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Serra-Juhé C, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Bou de Pieri F, Flores R, Chowen JA, Pérez-Jurado LA, Argente J. Heterozygous rare genetic variants in non-syndromic early-onset obesity. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:830-841. [PMID: 30926952 PMCID: PMC7101277 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a very heterogeneous disorder at both the clinical and molecular levels and with high heritability. Several monogenic forms and genes with strong effects have been identified for non-syndromic severe obesity. Novel therapeutic interventions are in development for some genetic forms, emphasizing the importance of determining genetic contributions. OBJECTIVE We aimed to define the contribution of rare single-nucleotide genetic variants (RSVs) in candidate genes to non-syndromic severe early-onset obesity (EOO; body mass index (BMI) >+3 standard deviation score, <3 years). METHODS Using a pooled DNA-sequencing approach, we screened for RSVs in 15 obesity candidate genes in a series of 463 EOO patients and 480 controls. We also analysed exome data from 293 EOO patients from the "Viva la Familia" (VLF) study as a replication dataset. RESULTS Likely or known pathogenic RSVs were identified in 23 patients (5.0%), with 7 of the 15 genes (BDNF, FTO, MC3R, MC4R, NEGR1, PPARG and SIM1) harbouring RSVs only in cases (3.67%) and none in controls. All were heterozygous changes, either de novo (one in BDNF) or inherited from obese parents (seven maternal, three paternal), and no individual carried more than one variant. Results were replicated in the VLF study, where 4.10% of probands carried RSVs in the overrepresented genes. RSVs in five genes were either absent (LEP) or more common in controls than in cases (ADRB3, LEPR, PCSK1 and PCSK2) in both obese datasets. CONCLUSIONS Heterozygous RSVs in several candidate genes of the melanocortin pathway are found in ~5.0% patients with EOO. These results support the clinical utility of genetic testing to identify patients who might benefit from targeted therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Serra-Juhé
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), C/Doctor Aiguader, 8, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gabriel Á Martos-Moreno
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Pediatrics, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 65, 28009, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Bou de Pieri
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), C/Doctor Aiguader, 8, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), C/Doctor Aiguader, 8, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Pediatrics, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 65, 28009, Madrid, Spain.,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis A Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), C/Doctor Aiguader, 8, 08003, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain.,Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia Medical and Health Research Institute (SAMHRI) and University of Adelaide, 72 King William Road, North Adelaide, SA, 5006, Australia
| | - Jesús Argente
- Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Department of Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Department of Pediatrics, Avenida Menéndez Pelayo, 65, 28009, Madrid, Spain. .,CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutriciόn (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C/Sinesio Delgado, 4, 28029, Madrid, Spain. .,IMDEA Food Institute, CEIUAM + CSI, Crta. de Cantoblanco, 8, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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32
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Rochel N, Krucker C, Coutos-Thévenot L, Osz J, Zhang R, Guyon E, Zita W, Vanthong S, Hernandez OA, Bourguet M, Badawy KA, Dufour F, Peluso-Iltis C, Heckler-Beji S, Dejaegere A, Kamoun A, de Reyniès A, Neuzillet Y, Rebouissou S, Béraud C, Lang H, Massfelder T, Allory Y, Cianférani S, Stote RH, Radvanyi F, Bernard-Pierrot I. Recurrent activating mutations of PPARγ associated with luminal bladder tumors. Nat Commun 2019; 10:253. [PMID: 30651555 PMCID: PMC6335423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08157-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The upregulation of PPARγ/RXRα transcriptional activity has emerged as a key event in luminal bladder tumors. It renders tumor cell growth PPARγ-dependent and modulates the tumor microenvironment to favor escape from immuno-surveillance. The activation of the pathway has been linked to PPARG gains/amplifications resulting in PPARγ overexpression and to recurrent activating point mutations of RXRα. Here, we report recurrent mutations of PPARγ that also activate the PPARγ/RXRα pathway, conferring PPARγ-dependency and supporting a crucial role of PPARγ in luminal bladder cancer. These mutations are found throughout the protein—including N-terminal, DNA-binding and ligand-binding domains—and most of them enhance protein activity. Structure-function studies of PPARγ variants with mutations in the ligand-binding domain allow identifying structural elements that underpin their gain-of-function. Our study reveals genomic alterations of PPARG that lead to pro-tumorigenic PPARγ/RXRα pathway activation in luminal bladder tumors and may open the way towards alternative options for treatment. Activation of the PPARγ/RXRα pathway in luminal bladder cancers has mainly been linked to PPARG gene amplifications and activating point mutations in RXRα. Here, the authors identify recurrent PPARγ mutations with similar effects and elucidate the structural basis for this mutational PPARγ activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Rochel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France.
| | - Clémentine Krucker
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Laure Coutos-Thévenot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Judit Osz
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Ruiyun Zhang
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.,Department of Urology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Elodie Guyon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Wayne Zita
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Séverin Vanthong
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Oscar Alba Hernandez
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maxime Bourguet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kays Al Badawy
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Florent Dufour
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Carole Peluso-Iltis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Syrine Heckler-Beji
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Annick Dejaegere
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Aurélie Kamoun
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Aurélien de Reyniès
- Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), 75013 Paris, France
| | - Yann Neuzillet
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sandra Rebouissou
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.,INSERM, UMR-1162 "Génomique Fonctionnelle des tumeurs solides", 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claire Béraud
- UROLEAD SAS, School of Medicine, 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hervé Lang
- Department of Urology, Nouvel Hôpital Civil Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 67091, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Massfelder
- INSERM UMRS1113, Section of Cell Signalization and Communication in Kidney and Prostate Cancer, INSERM and University of Strasbourg, School of Medicine, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67085, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yves Allory
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Cianférani
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse BioOrganique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Roland H Stote
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de La Santé et de La Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U1258/Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - François Radvanyi
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bernard-Pierrot
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR144, Equipe Labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, 75005, Paris, France. .,Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR144, 75005, Paris, France.
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Hormoz S, Singer ZS, Linton JM, Antebi YE, Shraiman BI, Elowitz MB. Inferring Cell-State Transition Dynamics from Lineage Trees and Endpoint Single-Cell Measurements. Cell Syst 2019; 3:419-433.e8. [PMID: 27883889 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2016.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As they proliferate, living cells undergo transitions between specific molecularly and developmentally distinct states. Despite the functional centrality of these transitions in multicellular organisms, it has remained challenging to determine which transitions occur and at what rates without perturbations and cell engineering. Here, we introduce kin correlation analysis (KCA) and show that quantitative cell-state transition dynamics can be inferred, without direct observation, from the clustering of cell states on pedigrees (lineage trees). Combining KCA with pedigrees obtained from time-lapse imaging and endpoint single-molecule RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH) measurements of gene expression, we determined the cell-state transition network of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. This analysis revealed that mouse ES cells exhibit stochastic and reversible transitions along a linear chain of states ranging from 2C-like to epiblast-like. Our approach is broadly applicable and may be applied to systems with irreversible transitions and non-stationary dynamics, such as in cancer and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahand Hormoz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Zakary S Singer
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - James M Linton
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Yaron E Antebi
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Boris I Shraiman
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
| | - Michael B Elowitz
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and Department of Applied Physics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
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Sözen M, Özcan M, Çıldır M, Doğru I, Aygök A, Balkan K. ASSOCIATION OF THE HUMAN PPARγ2 PRO12ALA POLYMORPHISM WITH OBESITY IN A POPULATION FROM TURKEY. ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUCHAREST, ROMANIA : 2005) 2018; 14:459-465. [PMID: 31149297 PMCID: PMC6516403 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been a number of reports on the relationship between the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala genotype and the development of obesity. OBJECTIVE A case-control survey was designed to investigate the potential association between a Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene and obesity and/or obesity-related phenotypes in a population from Turkey. MATERIALS AND METHODS The polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion were used to genotype the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPARγ2 gene in 149 unrelated obese and 105 non-obese control subjects from Turkey. The data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS We found that the overall minor allele frequency was 0.12 in cases and 0.095 in controls. In terms of genotype distribution and allele frequencies among the cases versus controls in the population studied, only the gender-stratified analysis revealed a significantly higher frequency of Pro/Ala genotype within males. The polymorphism was associated with significantly higher weight, height, waist circumference, central adiposity (waist-to-hip ratio, WHR), lean body weight as well as dry body weight, but not overall adiposity (total body fat percentage, TBF) in cases carrying Ala allele (Pro/Ala or Ala/Ala). However, in the subjects carrying Ala allele of the control group, WHR values were found significantly lower. CONCLUSION Our results showed that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in the PPARγ2 gene is associated with obesity in the studied adult population from Turkey. These data suggest that the Pro12Ala polymorphism in PPARγ2 may be a potential genetic risk factor for central obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Sözen
- Med Biology, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - M.U. Özcan
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - M. Çıldır
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - I.H. Doğru
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - A.G. Aygök
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
| | - K.Ü. Balkan
- Afyon Kocatepe University, School of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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Merlo E, Silva IV, Cardoso RC, Graceli JB. The obesogen tributyltin induces features of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2018; 21:181-206. [PMID: 30015594 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2018.1496214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous syndrome characterized by abnormal reproductive cycles, irregular ovulation, and hyperandrogenism. This complex disorder has its origins both within and outside the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis. Cardio-metabolic factors, such as obesity and insulin resistance, contribute to the manifestation of the PCOS phenotype. Polycystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common endocrine disorders among women of reproductive age. Growing evidence suggested an association between reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC), such as bisphenol A. Further, the environmental obesogen tributyltin (TBT) was shown to induce reproductive, metabolic and cardiovascular abnormalities resembling those found in women and animal models of PCOS. However, the causal link between TBT exposure and PCOS development remains unclear. The objective of this review was to summarize the most recent research findings on the potential association between TBT exposure and development of PCOS-like features in animal models and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Merlo
- a Department of Morphology , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Ian V Silva
- a Department of Morphology , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo C Cardoso
- b Department of Animal Science , Texas A&M University , College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jones B Graceli
- a Department of Morphology , Federal University of Espirito Santo , Vitoria, Brazil
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Corrales P, Izquierdo-Lahuerta A, Medina-Gómez G. Maintenance of Kidney Metabolic Homeostasis by PPAR Gamma. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19072063. [PMID: 30012954 PMCID: PMC6073436 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of nuclear hormone receptors that control the transcription of specific genes by binding to regulatory DNA sequences. Among the three subtypes of PPARs, PPARγ modulates a broad range of physiopathological processes, including lipid metabolism, insulin sensitization, cellular differentiation, and cancer. Although predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, PPARγ expression is also found in different regions of the kidney and, upon activation, can redirect metabolism. Recent studies have highlighted important roles for PPARγ in kidney metabolism, such as lipid and glucose metabolism and renal mineral control. PPARγ is also implicated in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and, consequently, in the control of systemic blood pressure. Accordingly, synthetic agonists of PPARγ have reno-protective effects both in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. This review focuses on the role of PPARγ in renal metabolism as a likely key factor in the maintenance of systemic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Corrales
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Adriana Izquierdo-Lahuerta
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Gema Medina-Gómez
- Área de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos. Avda. de Atenas s/n. Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain.
- MEMORISM Research Unit of University Rey Juan Carlos-Institute of Biomedical Research "Alberto Sols" (CSIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Functional Regulation of PPARs through Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061738. [PMID: 29895749 PMCID: PMC6032173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily and they are essential regulators of cell differentiation, tissue development, and energy metabolism. Given their central roles in sensing the cellular metabolic state and controlling metabolic homeostasis, PPARs became important targets of drug development for the management of metabolic disorders. The function of PPARs is mainly regulated through ligand binding, which induces structural changes, further affecting the interactions with co-activators or co-repressors to stimulate or inhibit their functions. In addition, PPAR functions are also regulated by various Post-translational modifications (PTMs). These PTMs include phosphorylation, SUMOylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and O-GlcNAcylation, which are found at numerous modification sites. The addition of these PTMs has a wide spectrum of consequences on protein stability, transactivation function, and co-factor interaction. Moreover, certain PTMs in PPAR proteins have been associated with the status of metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the PTMs found on the three PPAR isoforms PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, and their corresponding modifying enzymes. We also discuss the functional roles of these PTMs in regulating metabolic homeostasis and provide a perspective for future research in this intriguing field.
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An aPPARent Functional Consequence in Skeletal Muscle Physiology via Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19051425. [PMID: 29747466 PMCID: PMC5983589 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle comprises 30–40% of the total body mass and plays a central role in energy homeostasis in the body. The deregulation of energy homeostasis is a common underlying characteristic of metabolic syndrome. Over the past decades, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have been shown to play critical regulatory roles in skeletal muscle. The three family members of PPAR have overlapping roles that contribute to the myriad of processes in skeletal muscle. This review aims to provide an overview of the functions of different PPAR members in energy homeostasis as well as during skeletal muscle metabolic disorders, with a particular focus on human and relevant mouse model studies.
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Patrick R, Kobe B, Lê Cao KA, Bodén M. PhosphoPICK-SNP: quantifying the effect of amino acid variants on protein phosphorylation. Bioinformatics 2018; 33:1773-1781. [PMID: 28186228 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btx072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motivation Genome-wide association studies are identifying single nucleotide variants (SNVs) linked to various diseases, however the functional effect caused by these variants is often unknown. One potential functional effect, the loss or gain of protein phosphorylation sites, can be induced through variations in key amino acids that disrupt or introduce valid kinase binding patterns. Current methods for predicting the effect of SNVs on phosphorylation operate on the sequence content of reference and variant proteins. However, consideration of the amino acid sequence alone is insufficient for predicting phosphorylation change, as context factors determine kinase-substrate selection. Results We present here a method for quantifying the effect of SNVs on protein phosphorylation through an integrated system of motif analysis and context-based assessment of kinase targets. By predicting the effect that known variants across the proteome have on phosphorylation, we are able to use this background of proteome-wide variant effects to quantify the significance of novel variants for modifying phosphorylation. We validate our method on a manually curated set of phosphorylation change-causing variants from the primary literature, showing that the method predicts known examples of phosphorylation change at high levels of specificity. We apply our approach to data-sets of variants in phosphorylation site regions, showing that variants causing predicted phosphorylation loss are over-represented among disease-associated variants. Availability and Implementation The method is freely available as a web-service at the website http://bioinf.scmb.uq.edu.au/phosphopick/snp. Contact m.boden@uq.edu.au. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Patrick
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kim-Anh Lê Cao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Mikael Bodén
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Sadeghabadi ZA, Nourbakhsh M, Alaee M, Larijani B, Razzaghy-Azar M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and angiopoietin-like protein 4 levels in obese children and adolescents. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:241-247. [PMID: 28733963 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0730-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is highly expressed in adipose tissue and functions as transcriptional regulator of metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), a central player in various aspects of energy homoeostasis, is induced by PPARγ. The aim of this study was to evaluate ANGPTL4 plasma levels and PPARγ gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children and adolescents with obesity and their association with metabolic parameters. METHODS Seventy children and adolescents (35 obese and 35 age- and gender-matched control subjects), were selected. PBMCs were separated and their total RNA was extracted. After cDNA synthesis, PPARG gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR. Relative differences in gene expression were calculated by ΔCt method using β-actin as a normalizer. Serum ANGPTL4 and insulin were measured using ELISA, and insulin resistance (IR) was calculated by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C and HDL-C were also measured. RESULTS The expression of the PPARG gene as well as the plasma ANGPTL4 levels were significantly diminished in obese subjects as compared to control ones. However, they were not significantly different in obese children with IR compared to obese children without IR or in those with or without metabolic syndrome. A significant positive correlation was found between PPARγ and ANGPTL4 (r = 0.364, p = 0.002). PPARγ expression levels were also significantly correlated with FPG (r = -0.35, p = 0.003). CONCLUSION PPARγ is decreased in childhood obesity and may be responsible for diminished ANGPTL4 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z A Sadeghabadi
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Nourbakhsh
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - M Alaee
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Razzaghy-Azar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- H. Aliasghar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Zaharan NL, Muhamad NH, Jalaludin MY, Su TT, Mohamed Z, Mohamed MNA, A. Majid H. Non-Synonymous Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Physical Activity Interactions on Adiposity Parameters in Malaysian Adolescents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:209. [PMID: 29755414 PMCID: PMC5934415 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several non-synonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) have been shown to be associated with obesity. Little is known about their associations and interactions with physical activity (PA) in relation to adiposity parameters among adolescents in Malaysia. METHODS We examined whether (a) PA and (b) selected nsSNPs are associated with adiposity parameters and whether PA interacts with these nsSNPs on these outcomes in adolescents from the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (n = 1,151). Body mass indices, waist-hip ratio, and percentage body fat (% BF) were obtained. PA was assessed using Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Five nsSNPs were included: beta-3 adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) rs4994, FABP2 rs1799883, GHRL rs696217, MC3R rs3827103, and vitamin D receptor rs2228570, individually and as combined genetic risk score (GRS). Associations and interactions between nsSNPs and PAQ-C scores were examined using generalized linear model. RESULTS PAQ-C scores were associated with % BF (β = -0.44 [95% confidence interval -0.72, -0.16], p = 0.002). The CC genotype of ADRB3 rs4994 (β = -0.16 [-0.28, -0.05], corrected p = 0.01) and AA genotype of MC3R rs3827103 (β = -0.06 [-0.12, -0.00], p = 0.02) were significantly associated with % BF compared to TT and GG genotypes, respectively. Significant interactions with PA were found between ADRB3 rs4994 (β = -0.05 [-0.10, -0.01], p = 0.02) and combined GRS (β = -0.03 [-0.04, -0.01], p = 0.01) for % BF. CONCLUSION Higher PA score was associated with reduced % BF in Malaysian adolescents. Of the nsSNPs, ADRB3 rs4994 and MC3R rs3827103 were associated with % BF. Significant interactions with PA were found for ADRB3 rs4994 and combined GRS on % BF but not on measurements of weight or circumferences. Targeting body fat represent prospects for molecular studies and lifestyle intervention in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Lisa Zaharan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- *Correspondence: Nur Lisa Zaharan, ,
| | - Nor Hanisah Muhamad
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Tin Tin Su
- Centre for Population Health (CePH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zahurin Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M. N. A. Mohamed
- Sports Medicine Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hazreen A. Majid
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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Woll AW, Quelle FW, Sigmund CD. PPARγ and retinol binding protein 7 form a regulatory hub promoting antioxidant properties of the endothelium. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:653-658. [PMID: 28916634 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a family of conserved ligand-activated nuclear receptor transcription factors heterogeneously expressed in mammalian tissues. PPARγ is recognized as a master regulator of adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and glucose homeostasis, but genetic evidence also supports the concept that PPARγ regulates the cardiovascular system, particularly vascular function and blood pressure. There is now compelling evidence that the beneficial blood pressure-lowering effects of PPARγ activation are due to its activity in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium, through its modulation of nitric oxide-dependent vasomotor function. Endothelial PPARγ regulates the production and bioavailability of nitric oxide, while PPARγ in the smooth muscle regulates the vasomotor response to nitric oxide. We recently identified retinol binding protein 7 (RBP7) as a PPARγ target gene that is specifically and selectively expressed in the endothelium. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that RBP7 is required to mediate the antioxidant effects of PPARγ and mediate PPARγ target gene selectivity in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addison W Woll
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.,Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular Medicine, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Frederick W Quelle
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Department of Pharmacology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; .,UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; and
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Serra-Juhé C, Martos-Moreno GÁ, Bou de Pieri F, Flores R, González JR, Rodríguez-Santiago B, Argente J, Pérez-Jurado LA. Novel genes involved in severe early-onset obesity revealed by rare copy number and sequence variants. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006657. [PMID: 28489853 PMCID: PMC5443539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disorder with high heritability (50–75%), which is probably higher in early-onset and severe cases. Although rare monogenic forms and several genes and regions of susceptibility, including copy number variants (CNVs), have been described, the genetic causes underlying the disease still remain largely unknown. We searched for rare CNVs (>100kb in size, altering genes and present in <1/2000 population controls) in 157 Spanish children with non-syndromic early-onset obesity (EOO: body mass index >3 standard deviations above the mean at <3 years of age) using SNP array molecular karyotypes. We then performed case control studies (480 EOO cases/480 non-obese controls) with the validated CNVs and rare sequence variants (RSVs) detected by targeted resequencing of selected CNV genes (n = 14), and also studied the inheritance patterns in available first-degree relatives. A higher burden of gain-type CNVs was detected in EOO cases versus controls (OR = 1.71, p-value = 0.0358). In addition to a gain of the NPY gene in a familial case with EOO and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, likely pathogenic CNVs included gains of glutamate receptors (GRIK1, GRM7) and the X-linked gastrin-peptide receptor (GRPR), all inherited from obese parents. Putatively functional RSVs absent in controls were also identified in EOO cases at NPY, GRIK1 and GRPR. A patient with a heterozygous deletion disrupting two contiguous and related genes, SLCO4C1 and SLCO6A1, also had a missense RSV at SLCO4C1 on the other allele, suggestive of a recessive model. The genes identified showed a clear enrichment of shared co-expression partners with known genes strongly related to obesity, reinforcing their role in the pathophysiology of the disease. Our data reveal a higher burden of rare CNVs and RSVs in several related genes in patients with EOO compared to controls, and implicate NPY, GRPR, two glutamate receptors and SLCO4C1 in highly penetrant forms of familial obesity. Although there is strong evidence for a high genetic component of obesity, the underlying genetic causes are largely unknown, mostly due to the highly heterogeneous nature of the disorder. In this work, we have focused on the most severe end of the spectrum, severe obesity with early-onset in childhood, which is more likely due to genetic alterations. We screened for rare copy number variation (CNV) a sample of 157 Spanish children with early-onset obesity using molecular karyotypes and then studied the genes altered by CNVs in 480 cases and 480 non-obese controls. We identified a higher burden of gain-type CNVs in cases as well as several CNVs and sequence variants that were specific of the obese population. Interestingly, the genes identified shared co-expression partners with known obesity genes. Among those, the genes encoding the neuropeptide Y (NPY), two glutamate receptors (GRIK1, GRM7), the X-linked gastrin-peptide receptor (GRPR), and the organic anion transporter (SLCO4C1) are novel obesity candidate genes that may contribute to highly penetrant forms of familial obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Serra-Juhé
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gabriel Á. Martos-Moreno
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Bou de Pieri
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Flores
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan R. González
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jesús Argente
- Departments of Pediatrics & Pediatric Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital de la Princesa Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de fisiopatología de la obesidad y nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM & CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (LAPJ); (JA)
| | - Luis A. Pérez-Jurado
- Genetics Unit, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail: (LAPJ); (JA)
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Wafer R, Tandon P, Minchin JEN. The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma ( PPARG) in Adipogenesis: Applying Knowledge from the Fish Aquaculture Industry to Biomedical Research. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:102. [PMID: 28588550 PMCID: PMC5438977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tropical freshwater zebrafish has recently emerged as a valuable model organism for the study of adipose tissue biology and obesity-related disease. The strengths of the zebrafish model system are its wealth of genetic mutants, transgenic tools, and amenability to high-resolution imaging of cell dynamics within live animals. However, zebrafish adipose research is at a nascent stage and many gaps exist in our understanding of zebrafish adipose physiology and metabolism. By contrast, adipose research within other, closely related, teleost species has a rich and extensive history, owing to the economic importance of these fish as a food source. Here, we compare and contrast knowledge on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG)-mediated adipogenesis derived from both biomedical and aquaculture literatures. We first concentrate on the biomedical literature to (i) briefly review PPARG-mediated adipogenesis in mammals, before (ii) reviewing Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in zebrafish. Finally, we (iii) mine the aquaculture literature to compare and contrast Pparg-mediated adipogenesis in aquaculturally relevant teleosts. Our goal is to highlight evolutionary similarities and differences in adipose biology that will inform our understanding of the role of adipose tissue in obesity and related disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Wafer
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Panna Tandon
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - James E. N. Minchin
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- *Correspondence: James E. N. Minchin,
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Zahri MK, Emilia A, Rawi RIM, Taib WRW, Sani AI, Baig AA. Contribution of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Ɣ2 gene in relation to obesity. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Nutrigenomic Functions of PPARs in Obesogenic Environments. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:4794576. [PMID: 28042289 PMCID: PMC5155092 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4794576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that mediate the effects of several nutrients or drugs through transcriptional regulation of their target genes in obesogenic environments. This review consists of three parts. First, we summarize current knowledge regarding the role of PPARs in governing the development of white and brown/beige adipocytes from uncommitted progenitor cells. Next, we discuss the interactions of dietary bioactive molecules, such as fatty acids and phytochemicals, with PPARs for the modulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional activities and metabolic consequences. Lastly, the effects of PPAR polymorphism on obesity and metabolic outcomes are discussed. In this review, we aim to highlight the critical role of PPARs in the modulation of adiposity and subsequent metabolic adaptation in response to dietary challenges and genetic modifications. Understanding the changes in obesogenic environments as a consequence of PPARs/nutrient interactions may help expand the field of individualized nutrition to prevent obesity and obesity-associated metabolic comorbidities.
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JNK Signaling: Regulation and Functions Based on Complex Protein-Protein Partnerships. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2016; 80:793-835. [PMID: 27466283 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00043-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), as members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, mediate eukaryotic cell responses to a wide range of abiotic and biotic stress insults. JNKs also regulate important physiological processes, including neuronal functions, immunological actions, and embryonic development, via their impact on gene expression, cytoskeletal protein dynamics, and cell death/survival pathways. Although the JNK pathway has been under study for >20 years, its complexity is still perplexing, with multiple protein partners of JNKs underlying the diversity of actions. Here we review the current knowledge of JNK structure and isoforms as well as the partnerships of JNKs with a range of intracellular proteins. Many of these proteins are direct substrates of the JNKs. We analyzed almost 100 of these target proteins in detail within a framework of their classification based on their regulation by JNKs. Examples of these JNK substrates include a diverse assortment of nuclear transcription factors (Jun, ATF2, Myc, Elk1), cytoplasmic proteins involved in cytoskeleton regulation (DCX, Tau, WDR62) or vesicular transport (JIP1, JIP3), cell membrane receptors (BMPR2), and mitochondrial proteins (Mcl1, Bim). In addition, because upstream signaling components impact JNK activity, we critically assessed the involvement of signaling scaffolds and the roles of feedback mechanisms in the JNK pathway. Despite a clarification of many regulatory events in JNK-dependent signaling during the past decade, many other structural and mechanistic insights are just beginning to be revealed. These advances open new opportunities to understand the role of JNK signaling in diverse physiological and pathophysiological states.
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Abstract
Dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activity leads to significant alterations in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. This is most keenly observed by the metabolic syndrome-like phenotypes exhibited by patients carrying mutations in PPARγ. We will summarize recent findings regarding mechanisms of PPARγ regulation in the cardiovascular and nervous systems focusing largely on PPARγ in the smooth muscle, endothelium, and brain. Canonically, PPARγ exerts its effects by regulating the expression of target genes in these cells, and we will discuss mechanisms by which PPARγ targets in the vasculature regulate cardiovascular function. We will also discuss emerging evidence that PPARγ in the brain is a mediator of appetite and obesity. Finally, we will briefly review how novel PPARγ activators control posttranslational modifications of PPARγ and their prospects to offer new therapeutic options for treatment of metabolic diseases without the adverse side effects of thiazolidinediones which strongly activate transcriptional activity of PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeliene Stump
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Masashi Mukohda
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Chunyan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
- UIHC Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-340 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Quaresma PGF, Reencober N, Zanotto TM, Santos AC, Weissmann L, de Matos AHB, Lopes-Cendes I, Folli F, Saad MJA, Prada PO. Pioglitazone treatment increases food intake and decreases energy expenditure partially via hypothalamic adiponectin/adipoR1/AMPK pathway. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:138-46. [PMID: 26228462 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) enhanced body weight (BW) partially by increased adipogenesis and hyperphagia. Neuronal PPARγ knockout mice on high-fat diet (HFD) are leaner because of enhanced leptin response, although it could be secondary to their leanness. Thus, it still is an open question how TZDs may alter energy balance. Multiple factors regulate food intake (FI) and energy expenditure (EE), including anorexigenic hormones as insulin and leptin. Nonetheless, elevated hypothalamic AMPK activity increases FI and TZDs increase AMPK activity in muscle cells. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether Pioglitazone (PIO) treatment alters hypothalamic insulin and leptin action/signaling, AMPK phosphorylation, and whether these alterations may be implicated in the regulation of FI and EE. METHODS Swiss mice on HFD (2 months) received PIO (25 mg kg(-1) per day-gavage) or vehicle for 14 days. AMPK and AdipoR1 were inhibited via Intracerebroventricular injections using Compound C (CompC) and small interference RNA (siRNA), respectively. Western blot, real-time PCR and CLAMS were done. RESULTS PIO treatment increased BW, adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and decreased POMC mRNA expression and EE in HFD mice. Despite higher adiposity, PIO treatment improved insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, decreased insulin and increased adiponectin serum levels. This result was associated with, improved insulin and leptin action/signaling, decreased α2AMPK(Ser491) phosphorylation and elevated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase and AMPK(Thr172) phosphorylation in hypothalamus. The inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK with CompC was associated with decreased adiposity, FI, NPY mRNA and EE in PIO-treated mice. The reduced expression of hypothalamic AdipoR1 with siRNA concomitantly with PIO treatment reverted PIO induced obesity development, suggesting that adiponectin may be involved in this effect. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that PIO, despite improving insulin/leptin action in hypothalamus, increases FI and decreases EE, partially, by activating hypothalamic adiponectin/AdipoR1/AMPK axis. Suggesting a novel mechanism in the hypothalamus by which TZDs increase BW.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G F Quaresma
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - N Reencober
- School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
| | - T M Zanotto
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A C Santos
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - L Weissmann
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A H B de Matos
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - I Lopes-Cendes
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - F Folli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Departament of Medical Clinics, Obesity and Comorbidities Research Center (O.C.R.C.), State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M J A Saad
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Prada
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,School of Applied Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, SP, Brazil
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Yara S, Lavoie JC, Levy E. Oxidative stress and DNA methylation regulation in the metabolic syndrome. Epigenomics 2015; 7:283-300. [DOI: 10.2217/epi.14.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is implicated in tissue-specific gene expression and genomic imprinting. It is modulated by environmental factors, especially nutrition. Modified DNA methylation patterns may contribute to health problems and susceptibility to complex diseases. Current advances have suggested that the metabolic syndrome (MS) is a programmable disease, which is characterized by epigenetic modifications of vital genes when exposed to oxidative stress. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to critically review the central context of MS while presenting the most recent knowledge related to epigenetic alterations that are promoted by oxidative stress. Potential pro-oxidant mechanisms that orchestrate changes in methylation profiling and are related to obesity, diabetes and hypertension are discussed. It is anticipated that the identification and understanding of the role of DNA methylation marks could be used to uncover early predictors and define drugs or diet-related treatments able to delay or reverse epigenetic changes, thereby combating MS burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yara
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre, Université de Montréal, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre, Université de Montréal, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
| | - Emile Levy
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Centre, Université de Montréal, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada, H3T 1C5
- Departments of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3T 1C5
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